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I. Industrial Ecology andSustainability FrameworksIndustrial Ecology:Metaphor and SystemsAnalysis for Sustainability
Biomimicry
•Nature as model
–study nature’s models and imitate designs and processes tosolve human problems
•emulating 3.8 billion years of well-adapted technology
•Nature as measure
–ecological standard to judge our innovations
•Nature as mentor
–new way of viewing and valuing nature (era based on we whatwe can learn not what we can extract from nature)
Janine Benyus
Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Natur
Nature as a model
•“The industrial ecosystem would function as an analogue of biologicalecosystems. (Plants synthesize nutrients that feed herbivores, whichin turn feed a chain of carnivores whose wastes and bodies eventuallyfeed further generations of plants.)” Frosch and Gallopoulous, 1989
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