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1
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k;gj;Jk; FkhUk; nfhilf;fhy tpLKiwia gRgpf;jPt[fspy; fHpj:Jtpl;L tPL jpUk;gpf; bfhz;oUe;jdh;/ ,th;fs;xUtiu xUth; mwpahjth;/ gazj;jpd; epidthf ,Uf;fl;Lk;vd;W ,UtUk;. xU filapy; xnu khjpupahd bghk;ikiaMSf;bfhd;W th';fpdh;/ tPL te;jJk; ,UtuJ bghk;ikfSk;cile;jpUe;jJ fz;L tUe;jpdh;/ fhh;nfh gFjpapy;jhd; mJcile;jJ. vdnt e@;l;l <L nfl;L Vh;iyd;!; epWtdj;jplk;g[fhh; bra;jdh;/Vh;iyd;!;epWtdk; e@;l;l <L jUjtjw;F xj;Jf;bfhz;lJ/ bghk;ikapd;cz;ikahd tpiy vd;d vd;gJepWtdj;jpw;Fj; bjhpahJ.gazpfisf; nfl;lhy; cz;iktpiyf;Fnky; ,uz;L Zd;W kl';Fnrh;j;J brhy;thh;fs; vd;Wnahrpj;J. Vh;iyd;!; epWtdk;g[j;jprhypj;jdkhf xU jpl;lk;jPl;oaJ/rk;gj;J. Fkhh; ,Utiua[k;xUtiu xUth; fye;jhnyhrpf;fhky;mtutUf;F epahak; vd;W gLk;bghk;ik tpiyia rPl;oy; vGjpj;jUk;go nfl;Lf;bfhz;lJ/ >gha; 2 Kjy; 100 tiu ve;jtpiyahf ,Ue;jhYk; guthapy;iy/ ahh; Fiwe;j tpiyiaf;Fwpg;gpLfpwhnuh mJnt cz;ik tpiyahf ,Uf;Fk;/ me;jtpiyiana ,UtUf;Fk; bfhLj;J tpLthh;fs;/ cz;ikiar;brhd;dtUf;F Cf;fj; bjhifahf (Fiwthff; nfl;ltUf;F) mth;Fwpg;gpl;l tpiyf;F nkny 2 >gha; nrh;j;Jj; jUnthk;/ mjpftpiyFwpg;gpl;ltUf;F 2 >gha; Fiwj;Jj; jUnthk; vd;W xU bghoitj;jJ/
#hd; eh@;
 
 
2
gzf;fhu Kjyhspfs; elj;Jk; epWtdky;yth. je;jpug[j;jpf;Ff; Fiwth ,Uf;Fk;/ gazpfs; FHk;g[thh;fs;/,Ug;gjpnyna kpft[k; kypthd tpiyia e@;l;l <lhff;bfhLj;Jr; rkhspj;J tplyhk; vd;gJ epWtdj;jpd; jpl;lk;/rk;gj; jd; tpiyahf > 46 vd;Wk;. Fkhh; jd;tpiyia100 vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf;bfhs;nthk;/ epWtdk;46 vd;gij cz;ik tpiyahf vLj;Jf; bfhz;L rk;gj;Jf;F 2>gha; btFkhdj;Jld; nrh;j;J > 48 jUfpwJ/ FkhUf;F > 2fHpj;Jf; bfhz;L > 44 kl;Lk; jUfpwJ/cz;ikapy; rk;gj;Jk; FkhUk; vd;d tpiyiaf;Fwpg;gpLthh;fs;+ vd;W ehk; bfh";rk; nahrpj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy;vd;d+ ,Jjhd; nfk; jpahp_ `tpisahl;Lf; bfhs;if=/ft;gh!%. fhh;bdy; gy;fiyf;fHfj;jpy; Ma;t[ bra;a[k;bghUshjhu epg[zh;/ ,th; jahhpj:Jf;bfhLj;jJjhd; ,';nfFwpg;gpl;Ls;s gazpfs; r";ryk;/ ,Jnghd;W fw;gidepfH;r;rpfisr; n#hoj;J. kdpjh;fs; vg;go KobtLf;fpwhh;fs;vd;gijg;gw;wp (mtrpank ,y;yhky;) jiyKoiag; gpa;j;Jf;bfhs;Sk; mwp"h;fis `nfk; jpahp!;l;= vd;ghh;fs; (
Game Theorist
Ml;lf; nfhl;ghl;lhsh;fs;),dp rk;gj;Jk; FkhUk; vj;jifa bfl;of;fhu Kot[f;FtUthh;fs;vd;gijg;ghh;g;nghk;/ jh;f;fk;. vjph;jh;f;fk; vd;W ,UtUk; kdj;Jf;Fs; fzf;Fg; nghl;Lf;bfhz;L Kotpy; 2>ghapy; te;J epw;ghh;fs;vd;W nfk; jpahp fzpf;fpwJ/rk;gj; ,Ug;gjpnyna bghpa bjhifahfpa > 100 Infl;Litg;nghk; vd;W jpl;lkpLfpwhh;/ mnj rkak; rk;gj;Jf;F xUnahrid njhd;WfpwJ\ xUntis Fkhh; xU >gha; Fiwj;J 99vd;W vGjptpl;lhy; FkhUf;F Cf;fj; bjhifa[ld; 101k; (99
+
2
=
 101). jdf;F ,uz;L fHpj;J 97kl;Lk; fpilf;Fk; vd;W fzf;Fg;nghLfpwhh;/ mjdhy; 100 nfl;gij tpl >gha; 99 nfl;gnj nky;vd;W rk;gj; Kot[f;F tUthh;/,nj nahrid FkhUf;F tuhkyh ,Uf;Fk;_ FkhUk;kdf;fzf;Fg; nghLfpwhh;/ ehk; 99 nfl;ngd;vd;W rk;gj;Jk; 99nfl;ghh; vdnt ehk; 97 nfl;Litg;gnj eyk; vd;W epidf;fpwhh;/,ij rk;gj;Jk; epidj;Jg; ghh;g;ghh; my;yth mjdhy; mth;mjw;Fk; Fiwthf 95 nfl;ghh;/ mij vjph;ghh;j;J ,th;. ,tiuvjph;ghh;j;J mth; vd;W Kotpy; 2 >ghapy; te;J epw;ghh;fs;vd;W epWtdk; epidf;fpwJ/,UtUk; xU >gha; nfl;lhy; ,UtUf;Fk; rkkhfptpLk;/ahuhtJ >gha; 3 nfl;L mLj;jth; 2 nfl;Ltpl;lhy; xUtUf;Fg{r;rpaKk;. mLj;jtUf;F 5 >gha[k; fpilj;JtpLk;/ vdnt ,e;jkdf;fzf;Fg; ge;jaj;jpy; cdf;Fkpy;iy vdf;Fkpy;iy vd;WKothf ,UtUnk >gha; 2 jhd; rPl;oy; Fwpj;Jf; bfhLg;ghh;fs;vd;W Vh;iyd;!; epWtdk; fUJfpwJ/gazpfs; r";ryk; nghynt ifjpfs; r";ryk; vd;W,d;bdhd;W cs;sJ/ ,uz;L ifjpfs; hpkhz;oy;milf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;/ xUtiu xUth; fhl;of; bfhLj;;jhy;. fhl;of;bfhLj;jtUf;F rYiffs; fpilf;Fk;/ ,UtUk; kt[dkhd,Ue;jhy; nghjpa rhl;rpak; ,y;iy vd;W ,UtUk;tpLtpf;fg;glyhk;/ khwhf ,uz;LngUnk xUtiu xUth; xUth;fhl;of; bfhLj;J jg;gpf;f epidj;jhy; nghyPRf;F mJrhjfkhfptpLk;/eP';fs; mjpy; xU ifjpahf ,Ue;jhy; vd;d bra;tPh;fs;vd;W tpisahl;Lf;Ff; nfl;lhy; eP';fs; vg;go tpisahLtPh;fs;,Jjhd; Ml;lf; - bfhs;iffspd; Tj;J/rkkhf vy;nyhUf;Fk; gad; mila[k; epiy tUk;tiu,e;j jh;f;fk; - vjph;jh;f;fk; kdjpy; eilbgWk;/ gazpfs;r";ryj;jpy; >gha; 2 filrpahf te;J epd;wJ my;yth me;jepiyia eh@: rkepiy vd;ghh;fs;/
 
3
`v gpa{l;o~g[y; ikd;l;= (
A Beaytiful Mind
) vd;wep#thH;f;if rpdpkhtpd; fjhghj;jpuk;jhd; #hd; eh@:/ u!:!y;f;nuhnt vd;w eofh; eh@; fjhghj;jpuj;ij vLj;J eoj;jhh;/mw;g[jkhd nfk; jpahp tp":"hdp xU kdnehahspahfptpLk;cz;ikf; fij mJ/Fkhh;>gha; 2 my;yJ 3 vd;w ,uz;oy; VjhtJ xd;iwj;njh;e;njLj;jpUe;jhYk; rk;gj;jpd; njh;thfpa > 2.g[j;jprhypj;jdkhdnj/ ,Jjhd; eh@; rkepiy
(Nash equilibrium)
/eh@; rkepiyapy; ,uz;L Ml;lf;fhuh;fSk; xUtiu xUth; tp";rKoahj epiy Vw;gLk;/,bjd;d tpisahl;L. ve;j kilad; ,g;go btWk; 2>ghia e@;l;l <lhff; nfl;ghd;+ ekf;Ff; Fiwe;jhYk;guthapy;iy ,d;bdhUtd; ek;iktpl mjpfk; gyd;milaf;TlhJ vd;W kdpjh;fs; epidg;gJ tHf;fk;jhd; mjw;fhf,g;goah+mokhl;L nul;il e@;l;l <lhff; nfl;gij tpLj;JbghUspd; ep#khd tpiyiaf; nfl;lhny ,UtUf;Fk;ey;yJjhnd vd;W eP';fs; epidg;gJnghynt ehDk;epidf;fpnwd;/ Mdhy; bghUshjhu mwp"h;fspd; nfhl;ghLfs;(nfk; jpahp) kdpjDf;F xj;JtuhJ nghynt ,Uf;fpwJ/ Vd;kdpjd;. eh@;rkepiyf;F tuj; ja';Ffpwhd;/ mJ fplf;fl;Lk;ruhrhp kdpjd; ,e;j rpf;fypy; ve;j Kot[f;F tUthd; vd;gijve;jj; jpahpahtJ fz;Lgpof;Fkh+ rk;gj; my;yJ Fkhh; ,Uthpd;Kothd jPh;t[ vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk;+/cz;ikapnyna jPh;it fz;Lgpof;fj;jhd; bfhs;iffs;cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd/ eh@; <f;tpypgphpak; nghynt. fuhh;rkepiy. ajhh;j;j rkepiy. Rj;jrkepiy. tYthdrkepiy/ (
Strictequilibrium, Rationalizable solution, Perfect equilibrium, Strong equilibrium)
 vd gytpj nfhl;ghLfs; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd/ mitaht[k;Kotpy; >gha; 2 ,y;jhd; te;J tpGfpd;wd/nfk;jpahp btWk; bghGJnghf;fpw;fhf. fw;gidahf MLk;Ml;lky;y/ ,J ehl;od; bghUshjhuk;. uhqtk;. murpay;.tzpfk;. nghd;w cah;epiy jpl;l';fspYk;; gad;gLfpd;wd/`gazpfs; r";ryj;jpy;= ,UtUf;Fnk rPhpa gadspf;Fk; Kot[,UtUk; >gha; 100 Ij; njh;e;bjLg;gnj/ Mdhy; Vd; kf;fs;mjpypUe;J tpyf tpUk;g[ fpwhh;fs;+tph;#pdpah gy;fiyf;fHfk; gyKiw kf;fis miHj;J,Jkhjphp Ml;l';fspy; <LgLj;jp nrhjid bra;J ghhj;jJ/Kot[fs; gyjpwkhf te;jhYk; eh@; rkepiyia ahUk;milatpy;iy vd;gJjhd; cz;ik/VG bghpa ehLfspypUe;J 2500 ngh;fis itj;J,izajsk; Zyk; ep#khd ghprspj;J nrhjidfis bra;Jghh;j;jjpy; kf;fs;; 4tpj Kot[fis vLf;fpwhu;fs;vd;gJbjhpe;jJ/gazpfs; r";ryk; xd;wpy; >gha; 180 Kjy; 300 tiue@;l;l <L nfhUk;go kf;fsplk; nfl;lfg;gl;lJ/ epiwa ngh;fs;cldoahf > 300 vd;w cr;rfl;l bjhifiana nfl;ldh;/ mnjrkak; mokl;lkhf eh@; rkepiyahfpa > 180 If; nfl;lth;fSk;,Ue;jdh;/ vijahtJ nfl;Litg;nghk; vd;w me;epr;rakhf
(Random)
brhd;dth;fSk; ,Ue;jdh;/ kdf;fzf;Fg;nghl;LMnyhrid bra;J xU Kot[f;F te;jth;fSk; ,Ue;jdh;/kf;fs; bjhifapy; ahh;. ahh; vt;tst[ tpfpjj;jpy;,Ue;jdh; vd;gij gl;oaypy; fhzyhk;/ mjd;go kf;fis. jPtpujpl;lkpLgth;fs;. je;jpu jpl;lf;fhuh;fs;. jpl;lkplhjth;fs;. czh;r;rp trj;jpy; jpl;lkpLgth; vd ehd;fhfg; gphpfpwhh;fs;/ KobtLf;fmtuth; vLj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; neuk;Tl mjd;go ntWgl;ld/jpl;lkplhjth;fSk; czh;r;rp trg;gLgth;fSk; xnu epkplj;jpy;KobtLj;JtpLfpwhh;fs;/ jPtpu kw;Wk; je;jpu jpl;lf;fhuh;fs; Kot[brhy;y mjpfneuk; vLj;Jf;; bfhs;fpd;wdh;/
of 00

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