013 - Partesoneyawekautpyaw 1990

1990 jynfhESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGif usif;ycJhonfh
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD
taxGaxG
a¶G;aumufyGJ
rSwfwrf;
cifausmf[ef
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f/ a&eHacsmif; (2)
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tzGJ@ (jrefrmEdkifiH)
pkpnf;jyKpkwifjyonf?
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&
jyef=um;a&;aumfrwDrS xkwfa0onf?
-1-
“ 1990 ckESpfwkef;u jynfolvlxkuae+yD;awmh wm0efauscJhw,fqkdwm/ usrwkd@ t&ifuvnf;
ajymbl;ygw,f// bmjzpfvkd@vJqkdawm/h usrwkd@ekdifiHeJ@ EdkifiHujynfolvlxkeJ@ wjcm;'Drkdua&pDtwGufv_yf&Sm;
&kef;uefae&wJhEdkifiHu jynfolvlxkeJ@pmvkd@&Sd&if usrwkd@&J@vlxk[m EdkifiHa&;t&tifrwefrS&ifhusufw,fvkd@
usrwkd@owfrSwf&rSmyg// bmjzpfvkd@usrwkd@'DvkdajymvJqkdawmh/ usrwkd@&J@EdkifiH 'Drkdua&pDvkdcsifwJhjynfolvlxk
[m/ 'Drkdua&pDukd&,lay;EdkifwJhtzGJ@wckukdaxmufcHr,f/ yHhykd;r,f/ 'DvkdvkyfrS usrwkd@&J@'Drkdua&pD[mwkd;wuf
ekdifr,fqkdwmukdjrifw,f// [kdtzGJ@udkay;/ 'DtzGJ@ay;/ usrwkd@&J@EdkifiHa&;ygwDawGtrsm;}udD;&Sdygw,f// tJ'Dawmh
ekdifiHa&;ygwDawGtrsm;}uD;&SdwJhtxJrSm tJ'DEdkifiHa&;ygwDawGrSmvnf; rdrdwkd@&J@wefbkd;eJ@rdrdwkd@&Sd+yD;om;yg//
okd@aomfvnf; jynfolvlxk[m 'DvkdrJawG[mjyef@oGm;vkd@&Sd&if 'Drkdua&pDtwGufepfemEdkifw,fqkdwm em;
vnfvdk@/ rJawGukdrjyef@apbJeJ@/ usrwkd@trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyftwGuf rJay;cJhw,fqkdwm/ 'g jynfolvlxk
taeeJ@ xkdfufxkdufwefwefvkyfcJhw,fvk@d usr'Dvkdajym&rSmbJ? 'g EdkifiHa&;&ifhusufr_ukdjyw,fvkd@ usruawmh
,kH}unfw,f// bmjzpfvkd@vJqkdawmh usrwkd@ 'D (82)&mcdkifE_ef;&wmukdawmifrS tm%mrv$Jay;wm/ usrwkd@
rsm;om (50)&mcdkifE_ef;/ wnf;wnf;av;&w,fqkdvkd@&Sd&if b,favmufykd+yD;awmhtcuftcJjzpf&rvJqkdwm
pOf;pm;}unfh/ usrwkd@&J@tzGJ@[m 'Dvkdwcgwnf;(80)&mckdifeKef;ausmfeJ@EdkifcJhvkd@vnf; wurBmvkH;utodtrSwf
jyK&w,f// b,fvkdrS urBmukdrsufvSnfhjy+yD;awmh trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyfukd jynfolvlxku a&G;aumufyGJ
wkef;u tm;ay;wmr[kwfygbl;/ wnf;wnf;uav;ekdifwmygvkd@rajymEdkifbl;// 'gukdawmifrS rJu(60)&mckdif
E_ef;bJ&Sdygw,f// bmw,f/ nmw,fqkd+yD;awmh/ trsdK;rsdK;ajymbkd@}udK;pm;wmawG tck&Sdaewmod}uwmbJ//
'DavmufawmifrS jywfjywfom;om;ekdifxm;vkd@ 'Davmufolwkd@ajymEdkifwm? tJvdkom usrwkd@om jywfjywf
owfowfrEdkifcJhvdk@¶Sd&if trsdK;rsdK;wcgwnf; rsufvSnfhuGufawGeJ@vkyftkH;r,f// urBmukdvnf;vSnfhpm;bkd@/ usr
wkd@jynfolvlxkukdvnf;vSnfhpm;bkd@vkyfrSmjzpfw,f// tJawmh vlxktaeeJ@ 1990 ckESpfwkef;u 'Drkdua&pD
udk&,lay;Edkifw,fvkd@ jynfolvlxku,kH}unfwJhtzGJ@tpnf;ukd ekdifiHa&;&ifhusufwJhtjrifeJ@rJay;cJhwm[mawmh
wm0efausygw,f// xkdufxkdufwefwefeJ@vkyfcJhwmbJvkd@ usrajymcsifygw,f// ”
a':atmifqef;pk=unf
1999 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (2)&ufae@//
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf(A[dkXmecsKyf)
-2-
“rmwdum”
(1) jrefrmEdkifiHESifha¶G;aumufyGJrsm;?
(2) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ?
(3) 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifwGifrSwfyHkwifcJhonfh EdkifiH
a&;ygwD tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;?
(4) a¶G;aumufyGJcHk¶Hk;rsm;wGif uef@uGuv f $mwifoGif;jcif;ESifh ppfaq;jcif;?
(5) 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onfh jynfol@
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;. udk,fa&;tusOf;?
(6) jynfyodk@xGufcGmvmonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;?
(7) ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya' (EkdfifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnf
aqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 1§88) 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 21 &uf?
(8) EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJŒ Oya'trSwf
4§88 ) 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (27)&uf?
(9) toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;jcif;qdkif&m Oya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf
6§88) 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 30 &uf?
(10) jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf
14§98) 1989 ckESpf/ arv 31 &uf?
(11) jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'udkjyifqifonfhOya' (EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;
tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 10§91) 1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 10 &uf?
(12) EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@ (trdef@trSwf 4§91) 1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 10
&uf? (jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'yg +idrf0yfydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_ESifh tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_ESifh
ywfoufaomjypfr_rsm;udk owfrSwfonfhtrdef@?)
(13) jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD
(14) 2002 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGifusif;yjyKvkyfaom trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ(12)ajrmufESpfywfvnfae@tcrf;tem;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfajym=um;onfh
rdef@cGef;?
(15) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 2003 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGifusa&mufaom (13)ESpfajrmuf
ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJa=unmpmwrf;? a=unmcsuftrSwf - 5 (5§03)
(16) trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ a=unmcsuf? 2004 ckESpf/ arv (27)&uf?
-3-
“trSmpm”
“1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJrSwfwrf;”pmtkyftm; rdrdwwfpGrf;or#

tcsuftvufrsm;¶SmazGpkpnf;I jyKpkxm;ygonf? ,cif “jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD/ ordkif;0if
rSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm; (1998-2003)”pmtkyfjyKcJh+yD;aemuf ,ckpmtkyfrSm 'kwd,ajrmufjzpfygonf?
ordkif;0if 90 jynfha¶G;aumufyGJESifhywfoufonfhtcsuftvufrsm; taysmufysufap&ef rSwfwrf;
wifxm;jcif;jzpfygonf? ESpfumv=umvmonfESifhtr# tcsdK@tcsuftvufrsm;a00g;ae=uonfudk awG@ae&
ygonf? Oyrm ² ² ² “rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@”(Mon National Democratic Front)tm; owif;rD'D
,mrsm;/ pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;ESifh tcsdK@a¶G;aumufcHjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u rGeftrsdK;om;wyfOD;
[kvnf;aumif;/ rGef'Drdku&ufwpfwyfOD;[kvnf;aumif; vGJrSm;pGm ajymqdk/ a&;om;/ xkwfv$ifhae=uonf
rsm; r=uc%}uHKawG@ae&ygonf?
jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;ordkif;wGif ESpaf ygif;(30)twGif; yxrqHk;usif;yonfh ygwDpHka¶G;aumufyGJjzpfonfh
tjyif jynfwGif;rSa&m/ jynfyrSyg vGwfvyfIw&m;r#wonfh a¶G;aumufyGJjzpfonf[k owfrSwfcJh=uygonf?
0rf;enf;zG,faumif;onfrSm a¶G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;cJhonfrSm (14)ESpfausmfwdkifcJh+yDjzpfaomfvnf;
,ae@xufwdkif jynfolvlxkrSa¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;vdkufonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;xH
a¶G;aumufyGJudk}uD;rª;usif;yay;cJhonfh ppftkyfpkrS tm%mv$Jajymif;ray;ao;jcif;jzpfygonf?
xdkodk@ tm%mv$Jajymif;ray;ao;onfhtjyif vlxkudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;jyI
enf;rsdK;pHkjzifh zdESdyf/ csKyfcs,f/ uef@owf/ ydwfyif/ zrf;qD;/ axmifcsaeonfhjyif rusL;vGefonfhjypfr_rsm;qifI
*k%foduQmnd‡K;EGrf;usqif;atmif/ EdkifiHa&;oduQmcs&ef tpOfwpdkufvkyfaqmifcJhygonf?
Tpmtkyfudk t"dutm;jzifh 1992 ckESpf/ rwfvwGifxkwfa0cJhonfh jrefrmhtvif;atmifoef;.
“1990 jynfh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJrSwfwrf;”tm; tajccHIjyKpkxm;jcif;jzpfygonf? owif;
Xmersm;rS xkwfv$ifhcsufrsm;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrSxkwfjyefonfh a=unmcsufrsm;/ owif;pmapmif
rsm;rS tcsuftvufrsm; ¶SmazGpkpnf;I jyKpkxm;jcif;jzpfygonf?
cifausmf[ef
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tzGJ@(jrefrmEdkifiH)
-4-
“jrefrmEdkifiHESifh a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;?”
19 &mpkaESmif;ydkif;ESpfrsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHtzdk@ uHqdk;rdk;arSmifusaomESpfrsm;jzpfcJhonf? ,if;ESpfrsm;

wGif jrefrmEdkifiHonf e,fcsJ@usL;ausmfppfyGJrsm;udk ckcHwdkufcdkufcJh&onf?
1824 ckESpfwGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm yxrppfyGJjzpfyGm;cJhonf? xdkpOfu jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ukef;abmifrif;
quf b}uD;awmfrif;w&m; xD;eef;pHv#uf¶Sdonf? 1825 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&DvwGif &EWydk¶GmYjyKvkyfaom ppfajy
+idrf;pmcsKyft& t*Fvdyf-jrefrm yxrppfyGJ+yD;qHk;cJhonf? t*Fvdyftpdk;&uawmif;qdkaom ppfav#mfa=u;aiG
(wpfukaÉ)ESifh &cdkifESifhweoFm&De,frsm;udk ay;tyfcJh&onf?
1852 ckESpfwGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm 'kwd,ppfyGJjzpfyGm;cJhonf? xdktcsdefwGif jrefrmEdkifiHY yk*Hrif;tkyfpdk;
aecsdefjzpfonf? t*Fvdyfwdk@u ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;jy+yD;/ &efukef+rdK@udkausmfI jynf+rdK@txuf ajrxJ
(atmifvH)+rdK@txd csDwufv#uf e,fajrrsm;udk odrf;,lcJhonf? xdktcsdefwGif yk*Hrif;eef;us+yD; rif;wkef;rif; eef;
wufvmcsdefjzpfonf? rif;wkef;rif;u t*FvdyfESifhppfajy+idrf;cJh+yD; txufjrefrmjynftxd wdkufcdkufodrf;ydkuf
vmEdkifonfh t*Fvdyfppfwyf.tEW&m,fudkwm;qD;EdkifcJhonf? atmufjrefrmjynfwckvHk; t*Fvdyfvufatmuf
odk@ usa&mufcJhonf?
1885 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (22)&ufae@wGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm wwd,ppfyGJjzpfyGm;cJhonf? xdkpOfu jrefrm
EdkifiHwGif oDaygrif;eef;pHaecsdefjzpfonf? t*Fvdyfppfwyf rS {&m0wDjrpf¶dk;twdkif; txufjrefrmjynfodk@ xdkae@
wGifyifcsDwufcJhonf? Edk0ifbmv (25)&ufae@wGif jrif;+cH+rdK@/ (26)&ufae@wGif tif;0/ (27)&ufae@wGif ppfudkif;/
(28)&ufae@wGif rEWav;&wemyHkaejynfawmfodk@ wufa&mufodrf;ydkufcJhonf? oDaygrif;ESifhrdzk&m;wdk@udk +Adwd
o#wdk@uzrf;qD;+yD;/ tdENd,EdkifiHodk@ ac:aqmifoGm;jcif;jzifh t*Fvdyf-jrefrm wwd,ppfyGJ+yD;qHk;oGm;cJhonf?
jrefrmwrsdK;om;vHk; u|efjzpfcJh=u&onf?
¡ tifydkif,mjynfh¶Sif bk&ifr}uD;.trdef@t& ,ae@rSpI ausnmvdkufonfrSm oDaygbk&iftkyfcsKyfcJh
aom e,fy,ftm;vHk;wdk@onf jynfh¶Sifbk&ifr}uD;. EdkifiHawmfe,fy,frsm;twGif;odk@ odrf;oGif;vdkuf
+yDjzpfa=umif;? xdkodk@odrf;oGif;+yD;e,fy,frsm;udk ,ae@rSpI bk&ifcHESifh bk&ifcHcsKyfwdk@u oabmt&
cef@xm;vdkufaom t&m¶Sdrsm;ESifh qufvuftkyfcsKyfap? ( 1886 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGif
tdENd,bk&ifcHcsKyfuxkwfjyefcJhaom ausnmcsuf ² ² ²) ¢
t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ@orm;wdk@u jrefrmjynftm; t+yD;tydkifodrf;ydkuf+yD;jzpfonf[k xdkuJhodk@ ausnmcsuf
xkwfcJhaomfvnf; u|efb0jzifhraevdk=uonfh ZmwdaoG;/ Zmwdrmefxufoefonfh acgif;aqmifrsm;u &&m
vlol/ vufeuf pkaqmif;+yD;/ rqkwfrepf qufvufawmfvSefcJh=uojzifh ausnmcsufxkwf+yD;(10)ESpfwdkif
atmif ‚if;wdk@xifovdktkyfcsKyfIr&cJhay?
1900 ESifh 1910 ckESpf tpydkif;avmufwGif aemif *sDpDbDat 0HomEktzGJ@}uD;. acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpf
vm=urnfh q&mawmfOD;OwWr/ OD;cspfvd_i/f OD;pdk;odef;/ OD;yk/ OD;bab/ OD;xGef;¶Sdef/ orRwOD;pk polwdk@u uv#m%
,k0toif;udkwnfaxmif=u+yD;/ trsdK;/ bmom/ omoemtusdK;twGuf vkyfaqmifrnf[lonfh aºuG;a=umf
oHudka¶S@wef;wifI trsdK;om;v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;/ pnf;a0;yGJrsm;/ pDwef;vSnfhvnfyGJrsm;vkyfvmcJhojzifh trsdK;om;
xºuGv_yf¶Sm;r_rsm; tqufrjywfay:vmcJhonf? t*Fvdyftpdk;&u ESdrfeif;r_rsm;vkyfvmcJh&m zdav ºuGav
tjzpfudk tkyfpdk;olwdk@&ifqdkifvmcJh&onf?
yxrqHk;a¶G;aumufyGJ?
-5-
tqufrjywf ay:aygufvmcJhonfh v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;a=umifh trsdK;om;pdwfrsm; ydkrdkwufºuGvm=u&mrS
tp 1920 jynfh wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;. taxGaxGoydwf}uD;jzpfay:vmI wjynfvHk;wGif trsdK;om;
ausmif;rsm;ay:aygufvmcJhjcif;/ trsdK;om;tHkºuGr_ ydkrdkjyif;xefvmcJhjcif;rsm;a=umifh 1922 ckESpfwGif 'dkiftmcD
a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;udkusif;ycJh&jcif;jzifh vlxkqENudk&,lonfh oabmudk aqmifvmcJh&onf? xdkjzpf&yfonf e,f
csJ@vufatmufwGif jynfolvlxku rJay;qHk;jzwf&onfhtqifhudk yxrqHk;&¶SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
xdka¶G;aumufyGJonf e,fcsJ@wdk@u ‚if;wdk@vdkcsifonfhyHkpH&atmifvkyfEdkifa&;twGuf jynfolwdk@udkvSnfh
pm;cJhjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;/ xl;jcm;r_rSm vlxktHkºuGr_a=umifhom jynfolvlxkrS rJay;qHk;jzwf&onfh a¶G;aumufyGJ
ay:aygufvmcJh&jcif;jzpfonf?
tkyfcsKyfpDrHcef@cGJa&;wm0efrsm;tm; tpdk;&ESifh jynfolvlxkua¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh udk,fpm;
vS,frsm; cGJa0+yD; yl;wGJwm0ef,l=u&onfh tkyfcsKyfa&;jzpfojzifh 'dkiftmcD (Diarchy/Dyarchy) [kac:jcif;jzpf
onf? trnftm;jzifh wdk;wufaumif;rGefonfh tkyfcsKyfa&;jzpfaomfvnf;/ jynfol@udk,fpm;vS,f(rif;wdkifyif
trwf)rsm;rSm rnfonfhtm%mr#r¶SdbJ/ ta,mifaqmif ¶kyfjyomjzpf+yD;/ bk&ifcHu xifovdktkyfcsKyfonfh
pepfomjzpfonf?
1922 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (21)&ufae@ 'dkiftmcDOya'jyKaumifpD(Legislative Council) yxrOD;qHk;
a¶G;aumufyGJwGif b}uD;bazwdk@. 21 OD;ygwDESifh qma*satarmif}uD;acgif;aqmifaom y¶dk*&ufppfygwDac:
a¶$awmif=um;ygwD(qma*satarmif}uD;wdk@. y¶dk*&ufppfygwD0if vlrsm;pka=u;a&wwfrsm;rSm a¶$awmif=um;
vrf; &yfuGufxJY aexdkif=uI “a¶$awmif=um;ygwD”[k trnfwGifvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf?)wdk@om 0ifa&muf,SOf
+ydKifta¶G;cHcJh=u.? vd_if-yk-ausmf *sDpDbDatu oydwfarSmufaecJh+yD;/ 1928 ckESpf/ wwd,t}udrfa¶G;aumufyGJ
rSom 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKif ta¶G;cHcJh=uonf?
xdk'dkiftmcDOya'jyKaumifpDa¶G;aumufyGJwGif jynfolvlxk.rJqENay;ydkifcGifhudk t*Fvdyftpdk;&u rsm;
pGmuef@owfcsKyfcs,fxm;onf? t*FvdyfESifh tdENd,ukefonf}uD;rsm;udk txl;tcGifhta&;ay;xm;cJhonf?
t*Fvdyfukefonf vlOD;a&(100)twGuf udk,fpm;vS,f(1)OD;ta¶G;cs,fcHEdkifcGifh&¶SdcJh+yD;/ jrefrmrsm;
twGufrl vlOD;a&(30000)twGuf udk,fpm;vS,f(1)OD;om ta¶G;cs,fcHEdkifcGifh¶SdcJhonf? jrefrmwdk@a¶G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk xdkacwfu“rif;wdkifyiftrwf”[kac:=uonf? xdkrif;wdkifyiftrwfrsm;
.a¶S@wGif “atmfema&bD”[laom0daooudk xnfhoGif;a&;om;ac:a0:=u&onf?
'dkiftmcDacwf0ef}uD;rsm;onf vpmaiG(5000)pm;=u&onf?
Oya'jyKaumifpDtwGuf rif;wdkifyiftrwf udk,fpm;vS,faygif;(103)OD;¶Sdonfhteuf bk&ifcHucef@
xm;ol (23)OD;¶Sdojzifh useftrwf(80)twGufom a¶G;aumufyGJusif;yay;jcif;jzpfonf?
xdktrwf(80)xJwGif tdENd,wdkif;&if;om;(8)OD;/ u&if(5)OD;/ ujym;(1)OD;/ t*Fvdyf(1)OD;/ tjcm;
vkyfief;¶Sif}uD;rsm;ESifh wuUodkvfrS(7)OD;yg¶Sdojzifh useftaxGaxG(58)ae&mtwGufom jrefrmrsm;yg0ifta¶G;
cHcGifh¶SdcJhonf? ,if;(58)ae&mudk jrefrmrsm;twGuf[krqdkbJ *sife&,f[lIowfrSwfcJhonf? Oya'jyKaumifpD
a¶G;aumufyGJudk (3)ESpfw}udrfusif;y&ef owfrSwfxm;cJhonf?
'dkiftmcDv$wfawmfwGif¶Sdonfh trwf(103)OD;rSm ² ² ²
jrefrmwdkif;&if;om; 58 OD;?
u&if 5 OD;?
tdENd,wdkif;&if;om; 8 OD;?
t*Fvyd fujym; 1 OD;?
Oa&mywdkufom; 1 OD;?
wuUodkvfausmif; 1 OD;?
jrefrmukefonf}uD; 1 OD;?
Oa&mywdkufom;ukefonf}uD; 2 OD;?
-6-
w¶kwfukefonf}uD; 1 OD;?
Oa&mywdkufom; &efukefa&mif;0,fa&;tzGJ@ 1 OD;?
tdENd,wdkif;&if;om;ukefonf}uD; 1 OD;?
tpdk;&cef@ 21 OD;?
tpdk;&cef@ b¾ma&;0ef}uD; 1 OD;?
jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD; 1 OD;?
aygif; ² ² ² 103 OD;? wdk@jzpfonf?
1922 ckESpfyxrt}udrfa¶G;aumufyGJwGif qENrJay;olOD;a&(10)&mcdkifE_ef;cef@om¶SdcJhonf? ta=umif;
rSm 1920 aumvdyfoydwf}uD;a=umifh EdkifiHa&;Edk;=um;cJhaomjrefrmvlxku 'dkiftmcD&Dazmif;jzpfonfh bk&ifcH
ESifh rsufESmjzLtdkifpDtufpfrsm;.vufxJY tcsKyftjcmtm%m¶SdonfhtkyfcsKyfa&;pepfudk jiif;y,fvufrcHEdkif
a=umif; jyojcif;jzpfonf[kqdkEdkifonf?
'dkiftmcDacwfwGif jrefrmjynfbk&ifcHtjzpf qm[mukwfbwWvm(Sir Harcourt Butler)udk bdvyf
tpdk;&ujyefv$wfcJh+yD;/ qm&,f*sDe,fu&ufa'gufudk jyefac:,lcJhonf?
'dkiftmcDacwfyxrydkif;Y vpmaiG(5000)pm; 0ef}uD;csKyf(4)OD;¶Sdonfhteuf jrefrmrsm;xJrS(3)OD;&¶SdcJh
onf? ,if;(4)OD;rSm ² ² ²
(1) qmarmifcif jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;csKyf
(2) rpPwmtvufZENm;udof b¾ma&;0ef}uD;csKyf
(3) trfatOD;armif}uD; ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf
(4) qma*satOD;armif}uD; opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wdk@jzpfonf?
,if;0ef}uD;csKyf(4)OD;wGif tpdk;&cef@(2)OD;jzpf+yD;/ ynma&;ESifhopfawma&;wdk@twGuf (2)OD;omrJjzifh
a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;jzpfonf?
'kwd,t}udrfa¶G;aumufyGJudk 1925 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (17)&ufae@wGifusif;ycJhonf? yl;wGJwm0efcH
tpdk;&zGJ@rSm ² ² ²
(1) OD;aratmif jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;csKyf
(2) qm0DvsHuD b¾ma&;0ef}uD;csKyf
(3) a'gufwmb,Of ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf
(4) qmvDt,def opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wdk@jzpfonf?
wwd,t}udrfa¶G;aumufyGJudk 1928 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (21)&ufae@wGifusif;ycJhonf? a¶G;aumufyGJ
Y jynfoljynfom;ygwDrS trwf(40)/ a¶$awmif=um;ygwDrS trwf(12)OD; a¶G;aumufcHcJh=u&onf? rJqEN¶Sif
(24) &mcdkifE_ef;urJay;cJh=uonf? yl;wGJwm0efcH tpdk;&zGJ@rSm ² ² ²
(1) qma*satarmif}uD; jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;csKyf
(2) rpPwmjrL;&,ftif'¶l;trdkufZD b¾ma&;0ef}uD;csKyf
(3) OD;bwif ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf
(4) qmvDt,def opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wdk@jzpfonf?
pwkwˆt}udrfa¶G;aumufyGJudk 1932 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifusif;ycJhonf? rJqEN¶Sif (24)
&mcdkifE_ef;urJay;cJh=uonf? yl;wGJwm0efcH tpdk;&zGJ@rSm ² ² ²
(1) qmarmifb jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;csKyf
(2) rpPwmul;yg; b¾ma&;0ef}uD;csKyf
(3) OD;ausmf'if ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf
(4) qma*satarmif}uD; opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wdk@jzpfonf?
-7-
1934 ckESpf/ {+yDv (9)&ufae@wGif ajymif;vJjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh (5)}udrfajrmufyl;wGJwm0efcHtpdk;&
zGJ@rSm ² ² ²
(1) qmarmifb jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;csKyf
(2) rpPwmul;yg; b¾ma&;0ef}uD;csKyf
(3) a'gufwmbarmf ynma&;0ef}uD;csKyf
(4) OD;bab opfawma&;0ef}uD;csKyf wdk@jzpfonf?
1923 ckESpfrSpwifcJhonfh 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;rSm 1936 ckESpfwGif+yD;qHk;oGm;cJhonf?
wdk@Armtpnf;t¶Hk;0ifocifrsm;.acgif;aqmifr_jzifh 1930 jynfhESpfrS 1934 ckESpftwGif; tvkyform;

rsm;.taxGaxGoydwfrsm; tqufrjywfay:xGufcJh+yD;/ 1936 ckESpfwGif ocifEkacgif;aqmifI jynfvHk;qdkif&m
taxGaxGausmif;om;oydwf arSmufEdkifcJh=uonf? wqufwnf;yif oD;pm;cOya'ESifhywfoufI v,form;
qlylr_rsm;ay:aygufcJh&mrS 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHk}uD;ay:aygufcJhonf?
91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;acwf?
xdkodk@aomtHkºuGr_}uD;a=umifh e,fcsJ@orm;onf wxpfav#mhI (91)XmetkyfcsKyfa&;udkay;cJh&onf?

xdk(91)XmetkyfcsKyfa&;wGif vHk;0vGwfvyfonfhrJay;a¶G;cs,fjcif;rsdK;r[kwfaomfvnf; 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;
xuftqifhjrifhonfh rJay;a¶G;aumufjcif;rsdK;/ 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;xuf tenf;i,fus,f0ef;vmonfhyHkpHjzifh rJ
ay;=u&onfhtjzpfudk jynfolvlxk&¶SdcJhonf? rJa&mif;rJ0,fpepfjzifh rdrdwdk@tEdkif&a&;udkvkyfaqmifcJh=uojzifh
aiGtif;tm;awmifholwdk@om rJtEdkif&¶SdcJhonf? Todk@jzifh (91)XmetkyfcsKyfa&;ESifhOya'jyKv$wfawmf ay:ayguf
vmcJhonf?
1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmjynftkyfcsKyfa&;tufOya't& tdENd,jynfrSjrefrmjynfcGJxGuf&rnfhtcsdefudk 1937
ckESpf/ {+yDv (1)&ufae@tm;owfrSwfcJh+yD;/ xdkae@rSpI jrefrmjynfwGif 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;topfjzifh tkyfcsKyf&
rnfjzpfojzifh tqdkygtkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;yay;cJhonf?
tkyfcsKyfa&;topft& v$wfawmfESpf&yfxm;¶Sd+yD;/ atmufv$wfawmftwGuftrwf(132)a,mufESifh
txufv$wfawmf(qD;edwf)twGuf trwf(36)a,mufa¶G;aumufwifajr‡muf&rnfjzpfonf?
atmufv$wfawmftrwf(132)a,mufxJwGif e,frsm;rSa¶G;aumuf&rnfh trwfOD;a&(92)OD;/ u&if
trsdK;om;(12)OD;/ tdENd,trsdK;om;(8)OD;/ t*Fvdyf-jrefrmujym;(2)OD;/ Oa&mywdkufom;(3)OD;/ pufr_vufr_ESifh
ukefonf}uD;toif;rsm;. udk,fpm;vS,f(11)OD;/ &efukefwuUodkvfrS(12)OD;/ tdENd,tvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,f
(2)OD;/ tdENd,r[kwfaom tvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,f(1)OD;wdk@jzpfonf?
v$wfawmfY jrefrmwdk@.rJudkxdef;Edkif&ef&nf¶G,fcsufjzifh pufr_vufr_ukefonf}uD;toif;rsm;. udk,f
pm;vS,f(11)OD;xJY Oa&mywdkufom;ukefonf}uD;rsm;toif;rS (6)OD;/ tdENd,ukefonf}uD;rsm;toif;rS (3)OD;/
w¶kwfukefonf}uD;rsm;toif;rS (1)OD;ESifh jrefrmukefonf}uD;rsm;toif;rS (1)OD;ponfjzifh cGJa0cJhjyefonf?
91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;[kqdkaomfvnf; trSefrSm(98)Xme¶Sdonf? ta&;}uD;aom(7)Xmeudk bk&ifcHu
‚if;.vufatmufYxm;¶Sd+yD;/ usef(91)Xmeudkom vlxkvufodk@ay;tyfjcif;jzpfonf?
bk&ifcH.vufatmufwGifxm;¶Sdonfh(7)XmerSm eef;&if;0efESifh 0ef}uD;(6)OD;wdk@udkif&aom
umuG,fa&;/ jynfxJa&;/ tcGefawmfESifhb¾ma&;/ EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;/ ynma&;/ opfawma&;/ ul;oef;
a&mif;0,fa&;ponfhXmersm;jzpfonf? eef;&if;0ef.vpmrSm (3000)usyfjzpfI 0ef}uD;rsm;.vpmrSm (2500)
usyfjzpfonf? v$wfawmfOuUX.vpmaiGrSm(2000)usyfjzpfI 'kwd,OuUX.vpmaiGrSm(1250)usyfjzpfonf?
rif;wdkifyiftrwfrsm;.vpmaiGrSm(250)usyfjzpfonf?
-8-
'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;wGif wdkif;jynfodk@ (22)Xmeudkomay;tyfcJh+yD;/ 0ef}uD;csKyf(4)OD;xm;¶SdI vpmaiG
(5000)usyfpDay;cJhonf?
91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;topfwGif bk&ifcHonf jynfolwdk@ua¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufonfhv$wfawmfudk tcsdef
ra¶G;¶kyfodrf;Edkifonf? trwfrsm;udkwm0efcH&aom0ef}uD;tzGJ@(uufbdeuf)udk jzKwfvdkujzKwfEdkifonf? bk&if
cH.vufxJY ADwdktm%mudkudkifxm;onf?
xdk@a=umifh ,if; 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;udk wdk@Armtpnf;t¶Hk;ESifh &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;
or*~rSOD;aqmif+yD;/ uef@uGufv_yfvSm;cJh=uojzifh 1936 ckESpf/ ausmif;om;oydwfrStpjyKum 1300 jynfhESpf/
ta&;awmfyHk}uD;ay:aygufvmcJh&onftxd vGefvyfa&;wdkufyGJjyif;xefvmcJhonf?
1935 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (9)&ufae@wGif 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf Oya'jyKv$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJ
jrefrmwEdkifiHvHk;wGifusif;ycJhonf?
+Adwdo#tpdk;&u jrefrmEdkifiHtm;(91)XmetkyfcsKyfa&;ay;rnfh puULjzLpmwrf;wckudk 1935 ckESpfwGif
xkwfjyefcJh+yD;/ 1936 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmvwGif (91)XmetkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf a¶G;aumufyu GJ sif;y&efpDpOfcJhonf? odk@
twGuf 'dkiftmcDaemufqHk;bk&ifcH qm[¶l;vif;pa'gif;pwDzifqifudk 1936 ckESpf/ arvqef;wGifjyefac:cJh+yD;
‚if;.ae&mwGif qmtmcDabmu&def;udk (91)XmetkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf bk&ifcHopftjzpf 1936 ckESpf/ arv (8)
&ufae@wGif wm0efv$Jajymif;,lapcJhonf?
'dkiftmcDESifhrauseyfEdkif[lonfhv_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;/ [krR¶l;(Home Rule)awmif;qdkr_rsm;/ v,form;vuf
eufudkifykefuefr_rsm;a=umifh 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;&¶SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;wGif yxrqHk; a'gufwmbarmf0ef}uD;csKyfjzpfcJh+yD; !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@udk 1937 ck
ESpf/ rwfv (26)&ufae@wGif pwifzGJ@pnf;cJhonf?
yxr!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@rSm ² ² ²
(1) a'gufwmbarmf eef;&if;0ef/ b¾ma&;
(2) a¶$usifOD;yk opfawma&;
(3) OD;ay:xGef; jynfxJa&;
(4) OD;om,m0wDarmifarmif ynma&;
(5) OD;xGef;atmifausmf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;
(6) apmazom tcGefawmf
odk@aomf 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHk}uD;a=umifh 1939 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&DvwGif a'gufwmbarmf.
!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&jyKwfus+yD; OD;yk(a¶$usif)acgif;aqmifonfh !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&wufvmcJhonf? tpdk;&oufwrf;
(1)ESpfESifh(10)vtwGif; a&eHajr tvkyform;oydw/f ukvm;-Armt"du¶k%f;/ Adkvfatmifausmfoydwf/
rEWav; tmZmenf(17)OD;usqHk;cJhonfhta&;tcif;ponfh r}uHKpzl;}uD;rm;vSonfh vlxktHkºuGr_'%fudkrcHEdkif
ojzifh a'gufwmbarmftpdk;& jyKwfusoGm;cJh&jcif;jzpfonf? 1941 ckESpf/ pufwifbmvwGif OD;yktpdk;&jyKwfus
jyefojzifh OD;apmtpdk;&wufonf? 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;acwf (5)ESpfwmumvtwGif; !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&rsm;om
zGJ@pnf;EdkifcJh+yD;/ xdk!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&rsm;rSmvnf; r=umc%jzKwfcsjcif;cHcJh&ojzifh (5)ESpftwGif; tpdk;&(4)}udrf
ajymif;cJhonf?
vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;acwf?
xdkrS zqyv acwfwGif vlwdkif;rJay;Edkifonfh wdkif;jyKjynfjyKv$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJodk@wdkifcJhonf?

atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyft& wdkif;jynfjyKv$wfawmftwGuf taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk
1947 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif usif;ycJhonf? wdkif;jyKjynfjyKv$wfawmfwGif trwfaygif;(255)a,muf¶Sdonf?
a¶G;aumufyGJwGif jynfrtwGuftrwfae&m(182)ae&mteuf zqyvrS(171)ae&m&I uGefjrLepfrsm;u(7)
-9-
ae&m&¶SdcJh+yD;/ usefae&mrsm;wGif woD;yk*~vrsm;u&¶Sdonf? wdkif;jyKjynfjyKv$wfawmf[lonfrSm wdkif;jynf.
tem*wftkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'a&;qGJ&efomjzpf+yD;/ ygvDrefv$wfawmfrsdK;r[kwfacs?
vGwfvyfa&;a=unmcJh+yD;aemuf ygvDrefv$wfawmf.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;tm;aqmif¶GufcJhaomfvnf;
tajctaet&aqmif¶GufcJhjcif;omjzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh vGwfvyfa&;a=unmonfh 1948 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv
(4)&ufae@rSpI 1952 ckESpf/ rwfv (3)&ufae@ ygvDreftpnf;ta0; pxdkifonfhtawmtwGif; wdkif;jyKjynfjyK
v$wfawmf(,m,DygvDref)[kac:a0:cJhonf? tqdkyg,m,DygvDrefrS orRwwifajr‡mufvdkufonfh apma¶$odkuf
tm; ,m,DorRw/ tpdk;&tzGJ@tm; ,m,Dtpdk;&[kac:a0:cJhonf?
jrefrmEdkifiHrS wdkif;jyKjynfjyKv$wfawmfonf awmfvSefa&;w&yfatmifjrifojzifh jzpfay:vm&jcif;
r[kwfbJ atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyft& jzpfay:vmonfh wdkif;jyKjynfjyKv$wfawmfw&yfjzpfonf?
xdkpOfu zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'a&;qGJ+yD; ,m,DtrsdK;om;v$wfawmftjzpf tpdk;&tzGJ@zGJ@pnf;
xm;cJh&mrS (18)vt=umwGifyxrt}udrfa¶G;aumufyGJusif;y&rnf[k owfrSwfxm;cJhonf? 1947 ckESpf/
tajccHOya' yk'fr(233)wGif “TtajccHOya't& usif;yonfh yxrtrwfa¶G;aumufyGJudk TtajccHOya'
tm%mwnfonfhae@rSpI (18)vtwGif; usif;y&rnf”[kjyXmef;xm;ojzifh vGwfvyfa&;ESifhtwl 1948
ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4)&ufae@wGif tajccHOya'tm%mwnfcJhojzifh a¶G;aumufyGJudk 1949 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifvrwdkif
rDusif;y&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; a¶G;aumufyGJudk 1951 ckESpf/ ZGefv (12)&ufae@rS 1952 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (3)&uf
ae@txd (3)&pfcGJIusif;ycJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;a=unmt+yD; (3)vt=umrSpIjzpfay:vmcJhonfh jynfwGif;ppf
udkta=umif;jyI a¶$@qdkif;vmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? tm%m& z-q-y-v qdk¶S,fvpftpdk;&u aiG/ vufeuf/
tm%mwdk@jzifh rJcdk;onfrStp vlowfonftqHk;/ rw&m;jyKusifhcJhonf? 1952 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif jynfol@
v$wfawmfyxrqHk;nDvmcHudk pwifEdkifcJhonf? xdkESpfrwfv(12)&ufae@wGif yxrqHk;aom EdkifiHawmforRw
tjzpf a'gufwmbOD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
a¶G;aumufyGJt}udKumvwGif vlzrf;yGJ}uD;rsm;/ vlowfyGJ}uD;rsm;/ jyefay;qGJr_rsm;/ rD;¶d_@r_}uD;rsm;udk
cg;ydkufaqmifwyfrsm;ujyKvkyfcJh=uonf? e,fcsJ@acwf 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;/ 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;umvrsm;u
rJcdk;r_xuf}uD;us,fonfhrJcdk;r_rsm; jyKvkyfcJh=uonf? a¶G;aumufyGJudk t&pfususif;ycJhjcif;jzpfojzifh wae&mrS
¶H_;aomf tjcm;wae&mrSxyfrH0ifa&mufta¶G;cs,fcHjcif;rsm;¶SdcJhonf? Oyrm ² ² ² ocifwifonf yxrtokwf
a¶G;aumufyGJwGif om,m0wDc¶dkifrS 0ifa&mufta¶G;cHcJh&m ¶H_;edrfhcJhaomfvnf;/ 'kwd,tokwfa¶G;aumufyGJwGif
jzL;rJqENe,frS jyefvnfta¶G;cH&+yD; trwfjzpfvmcJhonf?
'kwd,t}udrfa¶G;aumufyGJtm; 1956 ckESpfwGif usif;ycJhonf? tqdkyga¶G;aumufyGJwGif 1951-52
ckESpfwGifusif;ycJhonfh a¶G;aumufyGJESifhrwlnDonfhtcsufrSm twdkuftcHrsm; tiftm;aumif;pGmpkpnf;xm;
onfh jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk(yrnw)zGJ@pnf;vmEdkifcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
a¶G;aumufyGJwGif zqyvrS(1743816)rJ&¶SdcJh+yD;/ yrnwrS(1139286)rJ&¶SdcJhonf? yrnw tyg
t0if twdkuftcHpkpkaygif;taejzifh (1530630)rJ&¶SdcJhonf? zqyvrS trwfae&m(144)ae&m/ yrnwrS
trwfae&m(46)ae&m/ &cdkiftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyfrS trwfae&m(6)ae&m/ woD;yk*~v trwfae&m(9)ae&m
ponfjzifh&¶SdcJhonf?
wwd,t}udrfa¶G;aumufyGJudk 1960 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (6)&ufae@wGif ,m,Dtdrfapmifhtpdk;&
u usif;yay;cJhonf? 1958 ckESpf/ {+yDv (27)&ufae@wGif oef@¶Sif;-wnf+rJ[lI zqyvuGJ+yD;aemuf yxrqHk;
usif;yonfha¶G;aumufyGJjzpfonf?oef@¶Sif;rS wnf+rJwdk@xuf rJav;qausmftomjzifhtEdkif&¶SdcJh+yD; 1962 ckESpf
txd oef@¶Sif;tpdk;&rSwm0ef,lcJhonf? oef@¶Sif;zqyvu jynfaxmifpktzGJ@(yxp)[lItrnfajymif;cJhonf?
1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@wGif ppfwyfrStm%modrf;cJhonf?
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwf?
- 10 -
1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@ eHeufydkif;wGif wyfrawmfacgif;aqmif(17)OD;yg0ifonfh jynfaxmifpk
orRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf awmfvSefa&;aumifpDudk zGJ@pnf;cJhonf? awmfvSefa&;aumifpD OuUX tjzpf umuG,f
a&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;rS aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
vlxkqEN/ vlxkenf;rygbJ ppfwyfenf;oufoufjzifh tm%modrf;cJhjcif;udk ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m u&if
trsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf/ &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ &efukefc¶dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ rEWav;
wuUodkvf/ armfv+rdKifaumvdyfESifh ykodrfaumvdyf¶Sd ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u qef@usifuef@
uGufcJh=uonf? 1962 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (7)&ufae@wGif &efukefwuUodkvf ausmif;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfOD;rS OD;
aqmifI pDwef;vSnfhvnfqENjycJh=uonf? &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;om;or*~ OuUX/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m
ausmif;om;rsm;or*~tzGJ@csKyf 'kwd,OuUX ESifh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmiftcsdK@tm; ppftkyfpku zrf;qD;cJhonf?
&JESifhausmif;om;rsm; tcsif;csif; cJrsm;/ rsuf&nf,dkAHk;rsm;jzifh tjyeftvSefypfcwfonftxd us,fjyef@vmcJh
onf? &Jwyfrsm;¶kyfodrf;+yD; ppfwyfrS aoewfjzifhypfcwfvlpkcGJcJhonf? Ppftkyfpku wuUodkvfor*~taqmuf
ttHktm; tkwfjrpftxd rusefapatmif wGufcsuf+yD;/ ,rf;bDvl;rsm;jr‡KyfESHI Zlvdkifv (8)&ufae@ eHeufvif;
tm;}uD;wGif +zdKcGJcJhonf?
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDonf 1962 ckESpf/ {+yDv (30)&ufae@wGif EdkifiHawmf awmfvSefa&;aumifp. D
0g'oabmxm;ausnmcsufjzpfaom jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfudk xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf?
1962 ckESpf/ arv (9)&ufae@wGif A[dkvHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD/ jynfe,f§wdkif; vHk+cHKa&;ESifh
tkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD/ c¶dkif vHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD/ +rdK@e,f vHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD/ +rdK@r§aus;¶Gm
vHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwDtqifhqifhudkzGJ@pnf;cJh+yD;/ 1962 ckESpf/ arv (17)&ufae@rSpI jynfe,f/ wdkif;/
c¶dkif/ +rdK@e,frsm;¶Sd w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;ESifh &yf¶Gmat;csrf;a&;OD;pD;tzGJ@rsm;udk vHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD
toD;oD;odk@ ajymif;vJcJhonf?
1962 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (4)&ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk
a=unmI jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD (The Burma Socialist Programme Party) udk tjrKawygwD
tjzpfxlaxmifcJhonf?
1964 ckESpf/ rwfv (28)&ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDESifh ,if;ygwD.OD;aqmifr_udkcH,l
aom tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSty usefEdkifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;tm;vHk;udkzsufodrf;onfhOya'jzpfaom “1964 ckESpf/
trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;udkumuG,fonfhOya'”udk awmfvSefa&;aumifpu D jyXmef;cJhonf? EdkifiHa&;ygwD
tm;vHk;udk zsufodrf;vdkuf+yD; jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfudk wpfygwDpepfjzifh pwiftaumiftxnfazmfcJhonf?
1971 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDonf tjrKawygwDtqifhrS jynfol@ygwDtjzpfodk@
a&muf¶SdcJhonf? ,cifu awmfvSefa&;aumifpDonf EdkifiHa&;OD;aqmifr_wGif tjrifhqHk;tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfcJh&mrS
jynfol@ygwDjzpfvmonfhtcg jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDonf EdkifiHa&;OD;aqmifygwDjzpfvmcJhonf?
1962 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd awmfvSefa&;aumifpDrS wygwDtm%m¶Sifpepfjzifh tkyfcsKyfcJh+yD;/
jynfol@qENcH,lonfh a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;r¶SdcJhyg?
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;onf 1972 ckESpf/ {+yDv (21)&ufae@wGif wyfrawmfrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJh+yD;/ OD;ae0if;
jzpfvmcJhonf? ‚if;ESifhtwl tjcm;wyfrawmft&m¶Sd}uD;(20)OD;vnf; wyfrawmfrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJh=u+yD;/
tm%mudk (rlvydkif¶SifjynfolvlxkxHodk@) t&yfom;tpdk;&vufodk@jyefvnftyfESif;av[efpDpOfr_udk }udKwif
jyifqifvkyfaqmifcJh=uonf?
yxrt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfESifhjynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJrsm;udk 1974
ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (27)&ufae@rS azazmf0g&Dv (10)&ufae@txd jyKvkyfcJhonf? pkpkaygif;rJqENe,f(451)e,fwGif
rJqENe,f (450)Y wpf}udrfwnf;jzifhqENrJxuf0ufausmf&¶Sd+yD; atmifjrifpGma¶G;cs,fEdkifcJhonf? yvuf0+rdK@
e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJtxajrmufaomfvnf; vma&mufqENrJ
ay;olOD;a&.xuf0ufausmfqENrJr&ojzifh udk,fpm;vS,fa¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufEdkifjcif;r¶SdcJhacs? 'kwd,t}udrf
- 11 -
a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJtwGuf udk,fpm;vS,favmif;trnfpm&if;wifoGif;&ef tcsdefrvHkavmufojzifh tqdkyg
rJqEN e,f.a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJudk zsufodrf;cJh&onf?
yxrt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfESifh jynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifha¶G;cs,f wifajr‡mufyGJrsm;wGif rJqEN
e,fwpfcktwGuf ,SOf+ydKifolr¶SdbJ/ wpfOD;wnf;om a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufcH&efjzpfv#if ,if;udk,fpm;vS,f
avmif;tm; axmufcHonfhrJyHk;ESifh uef@uGufonfhrJyHk; ESpfyHk;omxm;&onf? rJyHk;rsm;ay:wGif udk,fpm;vS,f
avmif;.trnfudka&;om;xm;+yD;/ axmufcHonfhrJyHk;Y “axmufcHonf”[laom pmESifhtrSwftom;udk
vnf;aumif;/ uef@uGufonfhrJyHk;Y “uef@uGufonf”[laom pmESifhtrSwftom;udkvnf;aumif; a&;om;
xm;onf? rJqENe,fwpfckwGif ,SOf+ydKifta¶G;cHolwpfO;D xufydkI¶Sdv#if ,if;odk@,SOf+ydKifta¶G;cHol ta&
twGuf¶Sdoavmuf rJyHk;ta&twGufjyKvkyfpDpOfxm;onf? rJyHk;toD;oD;wGif oufqdkif&m jynfol@ udk,fpm;
vS,favmif;rsm;.trnfrsm;udk xif¶Sm;pGma&;om;xm;onf? rJ¶Hkwpf¶HkpDwGif &yfuGuf/ aus;¶Gmtkyfpk jynfol@
aumifpD0ifavmif;twGuf qENrJay;cef;/ +rdK@e,f jynfol@aumifpD0ifavmif;twGuf qENrJay;cef;/ jynfe,f/
wdkif; jynfol@aumifpD0ifavmif;twGuf qENrJay;cef;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;twGuf qENrJ
ay;cef;[lI qENrJay;cef; tcef;(4)cef;pDxm;¶Sdonf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD/ A[dkaumfrwDrS jynfol@
v$wfawmfESifh jynfe,f/ wdkif; jynfol@aumifpDtqifh udk,fpm;vS,favmif;pm&if;udk jyKpkay;onf? jynfol@
v$wfawmftqifhwGif ygwDA[dkaumfrwDrS &mxm;ay;olrsm;/ jynfe,f/ wdkif;/ +rdK@e,f/ &yfuGuf/ aus;¶Gmtkyfpk
tqifhrsm;wGif a'oygwDaumfrwDrS &mxm;ay;olrsm;tm; ESpfoufoabmusonfjzpfap/ rESpfoufonf
jzpfap a¶G;cs,fay;=u&onf? jzpfonfhenf;ESifh &atmifaqmif¶Gufay;=u&ojzifh rormr_rsm;¶SdcJhonf? trJyHk;
rSrJrsm; tjzLyHk;odk@aemufydkif;wGifajymif;xnfhjcif;rsm;¶SdcJhonf?
'kwd,t}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmfESifhjynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifha¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJrsm;udk 1978 ckESpf/
Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@rSpI (15)&ufae@txdjyKvkyfcJhonf? 'kwd,t}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmftwGuf owfrSwf
xm;onfhrJqENe,faygif;(464)ck¶SdcJhonf? wwd,t}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmfudkzGJ@pnf;Edkif&ef wwd,t}udrf
jynfol@v$wfawmfESifhjynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifha¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJrsm;udk 1981 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (4)
&ufae@rSpI (30)&ufae@txdjyKvkyfcJhonf? wwd,t}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmftwGuf owfrSwfxm;onfh
rJqENe,faygif;(475)ck¶SdcJhonf? pwkwˆt}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmfudkzGJ@pnf;Edkif&eftwGuf pwkwˆt}udrf jynfol@
v$wfawmfESifhjynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifha¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJrsm;udk 1985 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (6)&uf
ae@rSpI (20)&ufae@txdusif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf? pwkwˆt}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmftwGuf owfrSwfxm;onfh
rJqENe,faygif;(489)ck¶SdcJhonf?
1972 ckESpfu ppfbufrSt+idrf;pm;,lI t&yf0wfajymif;0wfcJh=uonfh awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0ifrsm;
jzpfonfh OD;ae0if;(,cifAdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;)onf &efukefwdkif;/ r&rf;ukef;rJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rSvnf;aumif;/
OD;pdef0if;(,cifAdkvfrª;csKyfpdef0if;)onf weoFm&Dwdkif;/ xm;0,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rSvnf;aumif;/ OD;aomif;
=unf(,cifAdkvfrª;}uD;aomif;=unf)onf ppfudkif;wdkif;/ a¶$bdkrJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rSvnf;aumif;/ OD;ausmfpdk;
(,cifAdkvfrª;}uD;ausmfpdk;)onf yJcl;wdkif;/ ewWvif;rJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rSvnf;aumif;/ OD;oef;pdef(,cifAdkvfrª;
}uD;oef;pdef)onf rauG;wdkif;/ yckuULrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rSvnf;aumif;/ a'gufwmvS[ef(,cifAdkvfrª;}uD;vS
[ef)onf {&m0wDwdkif;/ zsmyHkrJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rSvnf;aumif;/ a'gufwmarmifvGif(,cifAdkvfrª;}uD;armif
vGif)onf rEWav;wdkif;/ ausmufqnfrJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rSvnf;aumif;/ OD;armifarmifc(,cifAdkvfrª;}uD;
armifarmifc)onf &efukefwdkif;/ vd_ifrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rSvnf;aumif; a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufcHcJh=u&onf?
jynfaxmifpkqdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmfacwf?
1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkqdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf jynfol@v$wfawmf

yxrt}udrftpnf;ta0;udk &efukef+rdK@/ tvHkvrf;/ tpdk;&a*[m0if;twGif;¶Sd A[dktpnf;ta0;cef;rY pwif
- 12 -
usif;ycJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(450)pHknDwufa&mufcJh=uonf? tpnf;ta0;pwifusif;y
onfhyxrae@wGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpD OuUX OD;ae0if;u “,ae@ ,cktcsdefrSpI EdkifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtm
%mudk rlvydkif¶Siftppfjzpfol wdkif;&if;om;jynfolrsm;tm;udk,fpm;jyKonfh Tjynfol@v$wfawmfudk awmf
vSefa&;aumifpDrS jyefvnftyfESif;a=umif; awmfvSefa&;aumifpD.udk,fpm; a=ujimtyfygonf”[k a=unmcJh
onf? qufvufwnf¶Sd&efrvdktyfawmhojzifh awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtm;zsufodrf;a=umif;udkvnf; a=unmcJh
onf?
tajccHOya'ESifhtnD 1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfyxrtpnf;ta0;udk
usif;y+yD; EdkifiHawmftm%mudk jynfol@v$wfawmfodk@ v$Jajymif;ay;tyfcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
jynfol@v$wfawmfonf EdkifiHom;rsm;. udk,fpm; EdkifiHawmf.tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk cH,lusifhoHk;
aom EdkifiHawmf. tjrifhqHk;tm%mydkiftzGJ@tpnf;jzpfonf?
jynfol@v$wfawmf. yHkrSwfoufwrf;onf jynfol@v$wfawmfyxrt}udrftpnf;ta0;usif;yonfh
ae@rSpI (4)ESpfjzpfonf?
EdkifiHawmfOya'jyKtm%monf jynfol@v$wfawmfwGifomwnf¶Sdonf? EdkifiHawmf. pDrHcef@cGJr_tm
%mESifh w&m;pD&ifr_tm%mwdk@udkrl jynfol@v$wfawmfonf A[dkESifha'oqdkif&m tm%mydkiftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;
tm; zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifhtnDcGJa0tyfESif;Edkifonf[k 1974 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkqdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrm
EdkifiHawmf zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' wGifjyXmef;yg¶Sdonf?
xdk@aemuf jynfol@v$wfawmfu tzGJ@0if(28)OD;yg0ifaom jynfaxmifpkqdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiH
awmf. EdkifiHawmfaumifpDudk a¶G;cs,fzGJ@pnf;cJhonf? EdkifiHawmfaumifpD0ifrsm;u wzef EdkifiHawmfaumifpD.
OuUX tjzpf OD;ae0if;tm;vnf;aumif;/ twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;pef;,ktm;vnf;aumif; a¶G;cs,fwif
ajr‡muf=uonf? Todk@jzifh jynfaxmifpkqdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' yk'fr(66)t&
OD;ae0if;onf jynfaxmifpkqdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf. yxrorRw jzpfvmcJhonf? vlxkqENrygbJ
ppfwyfrSodrf;,lxm;cJhonfhtm%mudk&,lxm;cJhonfh awmfvSefa&;aumifpD OuUX OD;ae0if;xH jynfaxmifpk
qdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf. orRw OD;ae0if;xHodk@ vlxkxHrSw&m;0iftm%mtyfESif;onfhtoGif
a&muf¶SdoGm;cJhonf?
1988 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (23)&ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDta&;ay:ygwDnDvmcHudk usdKuU
qHuGif;q&mpHcef;rYpwifusif;ycJhonf? xdknDvmcHwGif ygwDOuUX}uD; OD;ae0if;u rwfvESifhZGefv ta&;
tcif;jzpfcJh&r_wGif oG,f0dkufaomenf;jzifh wm0efruif;[k ,lqaoma=umifhvnf;aumif;/ touft¶G,f
axmufvmjcif;a=umifhvnf;aumif; ygwDOuUXwm0efESifh ygwD0iftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhjyK&ef arwWm&yfcHcJh
onf? ‚if;ESifhwygwnf; EkwfxGufcGifhjyKEdkif&eftwGuf vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;pef;,k/ OD;at;udk/
OD;pdefvGif/ ol&OD;xGef;wifESifh ol&OD;ausmfxifwdk@uvnf; EkwfxGufv$mwifxm;a=umif; ajym=um;cJhonf?
wcsdefwnf;rSmyif nDvmcHodk@ wpfygwDpepfESifhygwDpHkpepf ESpfckteuf rnfonfhpepfudka¶G;cs,f
a=umif;/ wpfjynfvHk;a¶G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD; tqHk;tjzwfcH,l&ef/ ygwDpHkpepfudkaxmufcHv#if xGufvdkolrsm;.
qENudkvdkufav#mcGifhjyK+yD;/ usefygwD0ifrsm;u EdkifiHawmf.wm0efrsm;udkqufvufxrf;aqmif&ef/ rnfonfh
pepfudkvlxkuaxmufcHapumrl ygwDOuUXtaejzifh EdkifiHa&;udkausmcdkif;rnfjzpfa=umif;/ aemifwGifqlylr_jzpf
ygu wyfrawmfudk xda&mufpGmtoHk;csa&;wdk@udk rdef@=um;oGm;cJhonf?
nDvmcHu jynfvHk;u|wfqENcH,lyGJusif;ya&;tm; y,fcsvdkuf+yD;/ ygwDOuUXESifh 'kwd,OuUXwdk@udk
ygwD0iftjzpfrSEkwfxGufcGifhrjyKbJ tem;,lcGifhay;cJhonf? EkwfxGufcGifhwifjyxm;aom tjcm;acgif;aqmifrsm;
udkvnf; EkwfxGufcGifhrjyKcJhay?
Zlvdkifv (26)&ufae@wGif usif;yaom A[dkaumfrwD 'ort}udrftpnf;ta0;wGif OD;pdefvGiftm;
ygwDOuUXtjzpf wifajr‡mufcJhonf? xdk@jyif EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyfOD;armifarmifcESifh jynfol@Oya'tusdK;aqmif
- 13 -
tzGJ@OuUX OD;jrifharmifwdk@tm; rwfvtwGif;jzpfyGm;cJhaom ta&;tcif;wGif jzpfay:vmaomudpPrsm;twGuf
wm0efruif;a=umif;awG@¶Sd&ojzifh &mxl;rSEkwfy,fcJhonf?
Zlvdkifv (27)&ufae@wGif pwkwˆt}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udk qufvufusif;
y&m ,if;tpnf;ta0;u OD;pdefvGiftm; EdkifiHawmfaumifpDOuUXESifh EdkifiHawmforRwtjzpf a¶G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufcJhonf? xdk@jyif EdkifiHawmfaumifpDtwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf ol&OD;ausmfxif/ EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyftjzpfol&OD;
xGef;wifESifh jynfol@Oya'tusdK;aqmif tzGJ@OuUXtjzpf a'gufwmarmifarmifwdk@udk a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufcJh=u
onf?
jzpfyGm;cJhaomta&;tcif;jzpfyGm;cJhaom xdef;odrf;cJh&r_wdk@udk wm0ef,laomtm;jzifh 1988 ckESpf/
=o*kwfv (12)&ufae@wGif OD;pdefvGifonf jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD OuUX tjzpfrSvnf;aumif;/ EdkifiH
awmforRwESifh EdkifiHawmfaumifpD OuUX tjzpfrSvnf;aumif; E_wfxGufcJhonf?
1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (19)&ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD/ ygwDA[dkaumfrwD (11)}udrf
ajrmuftpnf;ta0;udk &efukef+rdK@/ jynfol@v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;cef;rY usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf? xdktpnf;
ta0;rS a'gufwmarmifarmiftm; jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD OuUX tjzpf a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufcJhonf? xdk@
aemuf qufvufusif;yaom pwkwˆt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;rS a'gufwmarmif
armiftm; EdkifiHawmfaumifpD OuUX ESifh EdkifiHawmforRwtjzpf wifajr‡mufcJhonf?
1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD/ ta&;ay:ygwDnDvmcHudk
&efukef+rdK@/ jynfol@v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;cef;rY usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf? xdknDvmcHu ygwDpHkpepfjzifh taxG
axGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;y&ef qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfcJhonf?
1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&ufae@wGif wyfrawmf(e-0-w)rS tm%modrf;,lcJhonf?
EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@(e0w)acwf?
1990 jynfhESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk usif;ycJhonf?

owfrSwfxm;onfh rJqENe,f(492)e,f¶Sdonfhteuf (485)e,fwGif a¶G;aumufyGJusif;yEdkifcJhonfhtwGuf
wjynfvHk;wGif (98²58)e,fajrrsm;wGif a¶G;aumufyGJusif;yEdkifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? rJay;ydkifcGifh¶SdolOD;a& oef;(20)
ausmf¶Sdonfhteuf (15)oef;ausmfvma&mufrJay;cJhojzifh qENrJay;r_&mcdkifE_ef;tm;jzifh (72)&mcdkifE_ef;ausmf¶Sd
cJhonf? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif usif;y+yD;or#aom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif rJay;r_&mcdkifE_ef;
trsm;qHk;a¶G;aumufyGJjzpfonf? a¶G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJhonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif;
(93)zGJ@¶SdcJh+yD;/ ygwDudk,fpm;jyKv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(2209)OD;/ woD;yk*~v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
avmif;(87)OD;¶SdcJhonf? jrefrmhordkif;wGif ygwDta&twGuftrsm;qHk; a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
1990 jynfhESpf a¶G;aumufyGJwGif rJjym;/ rJyHk; toHk;jyKonfhpepftpm; rJqENyHkpHpm¶Gufpepfodk@ ajymif;
vJusifhoHk;cJhojzifh rJcdk;r_/ rJvdrfr_rsm; yaysmufoGm;cJha=umif;awG@¶Sd&onf? jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;ordkif;wGif wygwD
pepfrS ygwDpHkpepfodk@ ul;ajymif;onfha¶G;aumufyGJjzpfonf? jrefrmhordkif;wGifusif;ycJhonfh ygwDpHkpepf
a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif aoG;xGufoH,dkr_ESifht=urf;zufr_ tuif;¶Sif;qHk;ESifh tr#wqHk;a¶G;aumufyGJtjzpf rSwf
wrf;wif&rnfjzpfayonf?
ÙÙÙÙÙ
- 14 -
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf
ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfwGif &[ef;&Sifvl ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;ESifh jynfoltrsm;. 'Drdku

a&pDawmif;qkdr_qENjyr_t&Sdeft[kefonf 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfvESifhpufwifbmvwkd@wGif tjrifhrm;qkH;okd@
a&muf&SdcJhonf? xkdpOfujzpfay:cJhaomtajctaet&yf&yfa=umifh 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (11)&ufae@
wGifusif;ycJhaom jynfaxmifpkqkd&S,fvpforRwjrefrmEkdifiHawmf pwkwˆt}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmf ta&;ay:
tpnf;ta0;u wygwDpepfESifhygwDpkHpepfteuf rnfonfhpepfukdvkdvm;ESpfoufa=umif; jynfol@qENcH,lyGJ
usif;yjcif;rðyawmhbJ ygwDpkHpepfjzifh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk (3)twGif;usif;yay;&efqkH;jzwfcJhonf? xkdqkH;
jzwfcsufESifhtnD ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifw&yf zGJ@pnf;ay;a&;twGuf
EkdifiHawmfaumifpDu jynfol@v$wfawmfodk@tqkdðywifjycJhonf?
EkdifiHawmfaumifpD.tqkdðywifjycsuft& jynfol@v$wfawmfu 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (11)&uf
ae@wGif atmufygqkH;jzwfcsufrsm;udkcsrSwfcJhonf?
(u) ygwDpkHpepfjzifh taxGaxGa&Ga;umufyGJusif;yay;&ef/
(c) ygwDpkHpepfjzifh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf t[ef@twm;jzpfaeaom tajccH
Oya'yg oufqkdif&mjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh tjcm;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ukd y,fzsufEkdifa&;twGuf
jynfol@v$wfawmfu EkdifiHawmfaumifpDokd@v$Jtyf&ef/
(*) tajccHOya' yk'fr (43)/ yk'frcGJ (u) t& pwkwˆt}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmf. ykHrSefoufwrf;onf
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;I jynfol@v$wfawmftopfpwifpnf;a0;onfhae@txdom jzpf
a=umif; av#mhayghowfrSwf&ef/
(C) pwkkwˆt}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmf yOPrtpnf;ta0;uzGJ@pnf;ay;xm;aom a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJ
usif;ya&;aumfr&Sifukd zsufodrf;ay;&ef/
(i) w&m;r#waomtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf a&G;aumufyGJaumf
r&SifwGif atmufazmfjyygyk*~dKvfrsm;ukd a&G;cs,fwm0efay;tyf&ef ² ² ²
(1) OD;baX; ² ² ² t+idrf;pm; b¾mawmfrif;}uD;?
(2) OD;ausmf!Gef@ ² ² ² t+idrf;pm; uae'gEkdifiHqkdif&mjrefrmoHtrwf}uD;?
(3) OD;pef;armif ² ² ² t+idrf;pm; ac|wmpkaqmif;a&;ESifhtmrcHpmcsKyfrsm;rif;}uD;?
(4) OD;apm=um'dk; ² ² ² t+idrf;pm; AdkvfrSL;csKyf?
(5) q&mcs,f ² ² ² ,cif ygvDreftrwfESifhjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f?
(p) a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifwGif tzGJ@0ifOD;a&wkd;jcif;/ vpfvyfonfhae&mwGif tpm;xkd;jcif;udpPrsm;
aqmif&GufykdifcGifhukd jynfol@v$wfawmfu EkdifiHawmfaumifpDodk@v$Jtyf&ef/
(q) ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ukd rSwfykHwifjcif;/ a&G;aumufyGJpnf;rsOf;/ pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;wm0ef
rsm;a&;qGJjyXmef;ay;jcif;wkd@ukd aumfr&SifESifh!d‡Ed_if;aqmif&Gufay;a&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmf
u EkdifiHawmfaumifpDodk@v$Jtyf&ef/
(Z) taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk jynfol@v$wfawmftwGufomusif;y&ef/
- 15 -
(ps) taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yrnfhae@onf ,ae@rSpIokH;vjynfhaomae@[k owfrSwfay;&ef/
odk@aomf ay:aygufvmrnfhygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sifodk@t}uHðycsuft&
,ae@rSpI wvcGJjynfhaomae@xufrapmbJjzpfap/ oHk;vausmfvGefonfhtcgjzpfap jyifqif
owfrSwfusif;yEkdifonfhvkyfykdifcGifhudk jynfol@v$wfawmfu EkdifiHawmfaumifpDokd@v$Jtyf&ef?
,if;odk@ jynfol@v$wfawmfu aumfr&SifudkzGJ@pnf;ay;+yD;onfhaemuf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (12)
&ufae@ eHeuf(9)em&DtcsdefwGif EkdifiHawmforRw a'gufwmarmifrmif/ EkdifiHawmf'kwd,orRw OD;at;ukd/
EkdifiHawmfaumifpDtwGif;a&;rSL; ol&OD;ausmfxif/ EkdifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyf ol&OD;xGef;wifwkd@ESifh a&G;aumufyGJ
aumfr&Sifvl}uD;rsm;jzpf=uaom OD;baX;/ OD;apm=um'kd;/ OD;pef;armif/ q&mcs,f/ OD;ausmf!Gef@wkd@ awG@qkHaqG;
aEG;=uonf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;odk@ EkdifiHawmfaumifpD&kH;!¸ef=um;a&;rSL;csKyf OD;ausmf0if;(,ckEkdifiHawmfw&m;
&kH;csKyfw&m;ol}uD;)ESifh aumfr&Sif&kH;csKyf!¸ef=um;a&;rSL; OD;at;armif(,ck!¸ef=um;a&;rSL;csKyf)wkd@vnf; wuf
a&muf=uonf? xkdtpnf;ta0;Y EkdifiHawmforRwtrª;ðyonfhEkdifiHawmfaumifpD0ifrsm;u tvGwfvyfqkH;
ESifhtr#wqkH; ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;ukd tjrefqkH;atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifa&;ESifhywfouf
I aumfr&SifuvGwfvGwfvyfvyfaqmif&GufEkdif&ef EkdifiHawmfaumifpDutaxmuftulðy&rnfhudpP&yfrsm;udk
aqG;aEG;=u+yD;/ aumfr&SiftzGJ@0ifvl}uD;rsm;onf OD;baX;tm; aumfr&SifOuUÏtjzpfa&G;cs,fwm0efay;cJh=u
onf? xkd@aemuf aumfr&SiftwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf OD;at;armiftm; wm0efay;tyfcJh=uonf?
“ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶Sif”
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD
taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶Sif
a=unmcsuf trSwf (1)
(1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 2 &uf)

(1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 12 &uf)
1? Taumfr¶SiftzGJ@0ifrsm;onf touft¶G,ft& tbufbufrS tem;,lae=uaom yk*~dKvfrsm;jzpf

=uI rnfonfhygwD EdkifiHa&;udkr# qufvufvkyfudkif&ef &nf¶G,fcsuf¶Sd=uolrsm;r[kwf=uyg? rdrdwdk@. udk,f
a&;udk,fwmtwGufvnf; wpfpHkwpf&m ar#mfrSef;xm;jcif;¶Sdolrsm; r[kwf=uyg? odk@&mwGif ,ae@jzpfay:ae
aom wdkif;jynf.tajctaet& EdkifiHawmfaumifpDu Taumfr¶SiftzGJ@0ifrsm;tm; taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ
}uD;udk vGwfvyfpGm =um;0ifaqmif¶Gufay;&ef arwWm&yfcHcsuft&vnf;aumif;/ 11-9-88 &ufae@u jynfol@
v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;wGif EdkifiHawmforRw. rdef@=um;csuftwdkif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ
usif;ya&;aumfr¶Sif. vkyfief;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmfaumifpDu wpfpHkwpf&m pGufzufr_rjyK¶Hkomru aumfr¶Sif.
vdktyfaomtultnDrsm;udk ay;rnf[k tmrcHcsufay;+yD;v#if a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;udk tvGwfvyfqHk;/ tr#w
qHk;/ tjrefqHk;jyKvkyfay;yg&ef arwWm&yfcHcJh&m taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJudpPrsm;wGif aumfr¶Sifonf vGwfvyf
pGmaqmif¶GufEdkifcGifh¶Sdonf[k ,Hk=unfjcif;a=umifhvnf;aumif;/ aumfr¶SiftzGJ@0ifrsm;onf apwemtjynfh
t0jzifh wwfpGrf;or#aqmif¶Gufay;&ef Taumfr¶SifwGif yg0ifcJh=ujcif;jzpfygonf?
2? odk@ygI ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;rsm;ukd r=umrDusif;y&eftwGuf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD
udkawmif;qdkae=uaom &[ef;¶Sifvl ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;/ jynfolrsm;tygt0if wm0ef¶Sdaom
acgif;aqmifrsm;onf Taumfr¶SifESifh yl;aygif;ulnDaqmif¶Guf=u+yD; vdktyfaom t}uHOm%frsm;ay;=uyg&ef
av;pm;pGm zdwfac:tyfygonf?
- 16 -
(yHk) baX;
OuUX
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr¶Sifudk rlvpwifzGJ@pnf;pOfu ² ² ²
OuUX ² ² ² OD;baX; (t+idrf;pm; b¾mawmfrif;}uD;)

twGif;a&;rª; ² ² ² OD;at;armif (!$ef=um;a&;rª;csKyf)
tzGJ@0ifrsm;tjzpf ² ² ²
(1) OD;ausmf!Gef@ (t+idrf;pm; uae'gEdkifiHqdkif&mjrefrmoHtrwf}uD;)
(2) OD;pef;armif (t+idrf;pm; ac|wmpkaqmif;a&;ESifhtmrcHpmcsKyfrsm;rif;}uD;)
(3) OD;apm=um'dk; (t+idrf;pm; Adkvfrª;csKyf)
(4) q&mcs,f (,cif ygvDreftrwfESifh ,cif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f)
wdk@(6)OD;jzifh vkyfief;wm0efrsm;aqmif¶Gufae&mrS 1996 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (24)&ufae@wGif tzGJ@0if q&mcs,f
uG,fvGeftedpPa&mufcJhojzifh OuUX/ twGif;a&;rª;/ tzGJ@0if(3)OD;/ aygif;(5)OD;jzifh vkyfief;rsm;qufvufaqmif
¶GufcJh&m 1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (12)&ufae@wGif tzGJ@0if OD;apm=um'dk; uG,fvGeftedpPa&mufcJhjyefojzifh EdkifiH
awmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGH@+zdK;a&;aumifpDrS 1999 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (2)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@a=umfjim
pmtrSwf(47§99)jzifh aumfr¶SiftwGif;a&;rª; OD;at;armiftm; aumfr¶SiftwGif;a&;rª;wm0eftjyif aumfr
¶SiftzGJ@0iftjzpf wm0efay;cef@tyfcJhonf?
2000 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (14)&ufae@wGif aumfr¶Sif OuUX OD;baX; uG,fvGeftedpPa&mufcJh
jyefonf? odk@jzpfI aumfr¶Sifonf rdrdtm;ay;tyfxm;aom wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk qufvufaqmif¶GufEdkif
a&;ESifh tzGJ@tpnf;wck.t*Fg&yfESifhjynfhpHkap&ef aumfr¶SiftzGJ@0ifrsm;teufrS touft¶G,ft}uD;qHk;jzpfol
OD;pef;armiftm; aumfr¶Sif. ,m,DOuUX tjzpfowfrSww f m0efay;cJh+yD; aumfr¶Sif.vkyfief;rsm;udkqufvuf
aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
2003 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae@wGif aumfr¶SifOuUX OD;pef;armif uG,fvGeftedpPa&mufcJhjyefonf?
wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;apmarmif(,ckuG,fvGef)onf pwkwˆt}udrfjynfol@

v$wfawmfta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;uqkH;jzwfvkdufaom ygwDpHkyg0ifonfha&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJrsm;usif;y&mwGif
wyfrª;}uD;rsm;ESifhwuG tqifhtm;vkH;odk@ atmufygtwkdif;vkdufemaqmif&Guf&ef 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv
(12)&ufae@wGif jrefrmh&kyfjrifoH=um;ESifhjrefrmhtoHwkd@rSrdef@=um;cJhonf ² ² ²
(1) vGwfvGwfvyfvyfESifhw&m;r#wr_t&SdqkH;jzpfatmif t*wdav;yg;rvkdufpm;bJ wyfrawmfom;
wOD;csif;taejzifh rdrdqENtwkdif;vGwfvyfpGmqENrJay;Ekdif&efpDpOfay;+yD; wduspGmvkdufem=u&ef
jzpfa=umif;/
(2) &mxl;tqifhtvkduf t&Sdeft0g/ =oZmtm%mukdtokH;ðy+yD; rdrdvufatmufcHwyfzGJ@0ifrsm;odk@
vnf;aumif;/ rdrda&muf&Sd&ma'o&Sdjynfolrsm;okd@vnf;aumif;/ rdrdwkd@vkdvm;onfhtzGJ@tpnf;
wckckwGifyg0ifaomudk,fpm;vS,fukd rJxnfhyg[k trdef@ay;jcif;/ !$ef=um;jcif;/ +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;/
t=uyfudkifjcif;/ ajcmufvSef@jcif;/ pnf;&kH;jcif; vkH;0rðyvkyf&efjzpfa=umif;/
(3) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufyGJtwGuf owfrSwfjyXmef;xm;onfh Oya'/ enf;Oya'/ pnf;rsOf;pnf;
urf;rsm;udk wdusav;pm;pGmvkdufemapmifhxdef;=u&rnfjzpfa=umif;/
(4) Ttcsufrsm;ukd t&m&Sdrsm;tqifhomod&Sdae&kHomru atmufajctqifhESifhrdom;pkrsm;twGif;
txdod&Sdem;vnf&eftwGuf aqmif&Guf=u&rnfjzpfa=umif;/
- 17 -
(5) rdrdwdk@onf wyfrawmfom;rsm;jzpfonfESifhtnD e,fbufOya'omru wyfrawmfqkdif&m
Oya'rsm;ukdvkdufemusifhokH;&olrsm;jzpfa=umif; t+rJowdcsyf+yD;/ r=umrDusif;yrnfh a&G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufyGJudk wyfrawmfom;wOD;csif;.*k%foduQm/ wyfrawmfw&yfvkH;.*k%foduQudk xdcdkufap
rnfh tajymtqkd/ trltusifhrsm;rðyvkyfrd&eftwGuftxl;owdðyvkdufem=u&ef !Gef=um;vkduf
a=umif;?
wkdif;jynf.tajctaeonf wjznf;jznf;,dk,Gif;vm+yD; vrf;yef;qufoG,fr_rsm;jywfawmufjcif;/
e,frSqefESifhpm;aomufukefrsm; &efukefokd@a&muf&Sdjcif;r&Sdaoma=umifh &efuefòrd@aejynfolrsm;twGuf pm;
eyf&duQmrsm;tcuftcJóuHawG@&jcif; 0efxrf;tcsdK@uvnf; qENjyyGJrsm;wGifyg0ifqENjyaeojzifh &kH;vkyfief;rsm;
&yfqdkif;v#uf&Sdjcif;/ rormoltcsdK@uvnf; EkdifiHawmfykdifpuf&kHtvkyf&kHrsm;/ &kH;Xmersm;ESifhwuUodkvfrsm;rS
EkdifiHawmfykdifypPnf;rsm;udk vk,ufjcif;/ zsufqD;jcif;ESifh Oya'vufvGwf vlykHtv,fwGif rif;rJhp&dkufjzifhacgif;
jzwfowfjzwfjcif; ponfhtajctaersm; wpwpwdk;yGm;qkd;0g;vmcJhonf?
xkdtajctaeqkd;rsm;udkukpm;Ekdifrnfh wckwnf;aomenf;vrf;onf vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom
ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk tjrefqkH;atmifjrifpGmusif;yay;&efomjzpfa=umif; aumfr&Sifu
pGJ+rJpGm,kH=unfcJhonfhtavsmuf ,if;odk@ ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudkusif;y&mwGif 0efxrf;rsm;
onf rnfonfhygwDtzGJ@tpnf;0ifr#r[kwfygrS EkdifiHawmfwm0efrsm;ukdvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;
ukdvnf;aumif; bufrvkdufbJacsmarG@pGmaqmif&GufEkdifrnfjzpfa=umif;/ vuf&Sdjrefrmqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD
0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom wyfrawmfom;rsm;ESifh0efxrf;rsm;onf EkdifiHawmfwGif ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDpepfukdusifhokH;aom
tcg jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDtygt0if aemifzGJ@pnf;vwWWH@aomygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wGif tzGJ@0ifrsm;t
jzpfyg0ifcGifhðyygu XmetwGif;pdwf0rf;uGJr_rsm;jzpfay:Ekdif+yD; EkdifiHawmf.,EW&m;vnfywfr_udkyif xdcdkufEkdifrnf
[kxifjrifa=umif;/ odk@ygI ,cktcsdefrSpwif+yD; wyfrawmfom;rsm;ESifh0efxrf;rsm;onf rnfonfhEkdifiHa&;ygwD
tzGJ@tpnf;0ifr#rjzpfapa&;twGufaqmif&Gufoifhyga=umif; aumfr&Sifu 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (15)
&ufae@wGif EkdifiHawmfaumifpDokd@arwWm&yfcHcJhonf?
aumfr&Sif.arwWm&yfcHcsuft& EkdifiHawmfaumifpDu 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufpGJyg

a=unmcsuftrSwf(14§88)udk atmufygtwkdif;xkwfjyefcJhonf?
jynfaxmifpkqkd&S,fvpforRwjrefrmEkdifiHawmf
EkdifiHawmfaumifpD
a=unmcsuf
14§88
&efukef+rdK@/ 1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 6 &uf

jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;ESihfywfoufonfha=unmcsuf?
1? ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifvl}uD;rsm;tm; jynfol@v$wfawmfutyfESif;+yD;
jzpfonfh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJrsm;ukt
d vGwfvyfqkH;/ tr#wqkH;ESifhtjrefqkH;usif;yEkdif&efjyifqifaqmif&Guf
=u&mwGif aumfr&Siftm; EkdifiHawmfaumifpDutpGrf;ukeftaxmuftulðyrnfjzpfyga=umif;ESihf ppfrSefonfh
'Drkdua&pDudkvufcHaom ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk r#r#wwrSwfykHwifay;&efESifh ,if;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf
- 18 -
w&m;r#wpGmwef;wl,SOfòydifEkdif=ua&;twGufvnf; vkdtyfaompnf;rsOf;vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;udk owfrSwf=u
yg&ef aumfr&Siftm;EkdifiHawmfaumifpDuarwWm&yfcHcJh+yD;jzpfygonf?
2? aumfr&Sifonf atmufygpnf;rsOf;w&yfukdt}uHðycJhygonf? ,if;t}uHðycsufESifhtnD EkdifiHawmfaumifpD
onf atmufyga=unmcsufudkxkwfjyefvkdufonf ² ² ²
jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;onf EkdifiHawmftay:opPmxm;I jynfol@0efudkomxrf;aqmif&rnfjzpfojzifh
ygwDpkHpepfwGifusifhokH;cJhonfhtpOftvmESifhtnD jynfol@wyfrawmf/ jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@paom um
uG,fa&;wyfzGJ@0ifrsm;/ jynfol@0efxrf;tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;/ EkdifiHykdifpD;yGm;a&;/ bkwfaumfykda&;&Sif;
tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;rS 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh EkdifiHawmfb¾mrS vpmcHpm;=uaom tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;onf
,ae@rSpI jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDtygt0if rnfonfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;0ifr# rjzpfap&?
(ykH) armifarmif
OuUÏ
EkdifiHawmfaumifpD
ygwD0if jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;ESifhywfoufaom
ygwDA[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD. qHk;jzwfcsuf
1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 6 &uf

EdkifiHawmfaumifpDonf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 16 &ufpGJyg jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;ESifhywfoufonfh

a=unmcsuftrSwf(14§88)ESifhtnD jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;onf EdkifiHawmftay:opPmxm;I jynfol@0efudkom
xrf;aqmif&rnfjzpfojzifh ygwDpHkpepfwGif usifhoHk;cJhonfh tpOftvmESifhtnD jynfol@wyfrawmf/ jynfol@
&JwyfzGJ@paom umuG,fa&;wyfzGJ@0ifrsm;/ jynfol@0efxrf;tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;/ EdkifiHydkif pD;yGm;a&;/ bkwf/ aumf
ydka&;¶Sif; tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;rS 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh EdkifiHawmfb¾mrS vpmcHpm;=uaom tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;tm;
,ae@rSpI jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD/ ygwD0iftjzpfrS E_wfxGufcGifhjyKvdkufonf?
(yHk) at;udk
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;
jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD
EkdifiHawmfaumifpDu txyfyga=unmcsufudkxkwfjyefvkdufonfhtwGuf jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOf

ygwDwGif ygwD0ifjzpf=uaom wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@0ifrsm;tygt0if 0efxrf;rsm;tm;vkH;onf
xkdae@rSpI jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD0iftjzpfrS&yfpJoGm;cJhonf?
odk@aomf xdktcsdeftcguqENjyawmif;qkdr_t&Sdeft[kefonf &yfweff@jcif;r&Sdao;bJ tcsdK@&kH;wufvkd
onfh0efxrf;rsm;onf +cdrf;ajcmufr_trsdK;rdsK;ESifhóuHawG@cJh&onf? xkdodk@ EkdifiHawmf.tbufbufrS,dk,Gif;ae
aomtajctaeESifh vrf;yef;qufoG,fr_jywfawmufaeonfhtajctaewdk@a=umifh aumfr&Sifonfrdrd.
t"duwm0efjzpfonfh ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;ukdpwifEkdif&ef tcuftcJESifhóuHawG@
cJh&onf? EkdifiHw0ef;vkH;wGifjzpfay:aeaom txufygtajctaeqkd;rsm;ukd tcsdefrDxdef;odrf;Ekdifa&;twGuf
1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&ufae@Y wyfrawmfonf EkdifiHawmf.tm%mt&yf&yfukd vkH;0wm0ef,lcJh
onf?
- 19 -
wyfrawmfuwm0ef,l+yD;onfESifhwòydifeuf EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ukdzGJ@pnf;
+yD;v#if ,if;tzGJ@u 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&ufpGJyg atmufyga=unmcsuftrSwf(1§88)udk xkwf
jyefa=unmcJhonf ² ² ²
EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@
a=unmcsuftrSwf 1§88
1350 jynhfESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; (8)&uf

1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&uf
1? EkdifiHawmfw0ef;vkH;wGif tbufbufrS,dk,Gif;aeaomtajctaeudk tcsdefrDxdef;odrf;Ekdfif&eftwGuf

jynfoljynfom;tm;vkH;tudsK;iSm wyfrawmfonf atmufygvufiif;vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udkxrf;aqmif&ef
,ae@rSpI EkdifiHawmf.tm%mt&yf&yfudkvkH;0wm0ef,lvkdufonf ² ² ²
(u) w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;/ e,fajrat;csrf;om,ma&;/
(c) vrf;yef;qufoG,fr_ vkHòcHacsmarG@apa&;/
(*) jynfolrsm;.pm;0wfaea&;acsmifvnfap&ef TtzGJ@rStpGrf;ukefóud;yrf;aqmif&Gufay;&efESifh
yk*~vdu/ or0g,rwkd@aqmif&GufEkdifatmifvnf; wwfEkdifor#ulnDaqmif&Gufay;Ekdifa&;/
(C) txufygvkyfief;&yfrsm;jynfhpkH+yD;v#if ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;?
2? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf vkyfief;taumiftxnf
azmfEkdif&ef vuf&SdygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJGusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifukd qufvufxm;&Sdrnf?
3? taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yonfhtcsdefwGiftqifoifhjzpfaeap&eftwGuf ppfrSefaom'Drkdua&pDudkvufcH
usifhokH;rnfhygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf ,cktcgrSpIjyifqifzGJ@pnf;Ekdif=uonf?
4? txufygvkyfief;rsm;atmifjrifap&eftwGuf vuf&Sdv_yf&Sm;ae=uaomtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ yk*~dKvfrsm;ESifh
&[ef;&Sifvljynfolw&yfvkH;u 0kdif;0ef;ulnD&efwdkufwGef;ygonf?
(yHk) apmarmif
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;
OuUÏ
EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@
xkd@aemuf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufae@ rGef;vGJ(1)em&DftcsdefwGif umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/

'*kH&dyfomYusif;yrnfhtpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufyg&ef EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u aumf
r&Siftm;zdwf=um;cJhonf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;odk@ EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuUÏ AdkvfcsKyf
}uD;apmarmif(,ckuG,fvGef)trSL;ðyonfh tzGJ@0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD;oef;a&$/ AdkvfcsKyfarmif
armifcif(a&)/ AkdvfcsKyfwifxGef;(av)/ AkdvfcsKyfpdefatmif/ AdkvfcsKyfcspfaqG/ twGif;a&;rSL;(1) AdkvfrSL;csKyfcif!Gef@
(,ckAkdvfcsKyf}uD;/ EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyf)/ twGif;a&;rSL;(2) AdkvfrSL;}uD;wifOD;(,ckuG,fvGef)wkd@ESifh aumfr&Sif
OuUÏ OD;baX;trSL;ðyonfh aumfr&Sit f zGJ@0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;apm=um'dk;/ OD;pef;armif/ OD;ausmf!Gef@ESifh
aumfr&SiftwGif;a&;rSL; OD;at;armifwkd@wufa&mufcJhonf? tzGJ@0ifq&mcs,fonf tpnf;ta0;odk@wuf
a&muf&ef vrf;ydwfaeonfhtwGufcGifhyefcJhonf? tpnf;ta0;wGif EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;
- 20 -
tzGJ@ OuUÏu rdrdwdk@wyfrawmfESifh0effxrf;rsm;onf rnfonfhEkdifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;. tzGJ@0ifrsm;r[kwfawmh
a=umif;/ rdrdwkd@onf=um;aetzGJ@tpnf;rsm;jzpf+yD; jynfolrsm;ukdtvkyftau|;ðy&rnfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; jzpf
a=umif;/ ,ck jynfolrsm;vkdvm;awmif;waeonfh ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDukd tjrefqkH;taumiftxnfazmfay;Ekdif
a&;twGuf ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;ukd tvGwfvyfqkH;/ tr#wqkH;ESifh tjrefqkH; ðyvkyfay;
&ef aumfr&SiftzGJ@0ifvl}uD;rsm;udkarwWm&yfcHa=umif;/ aumfr&Sif.vkyfief;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;+yD; aumfr&SiftzGJ@0if
vl}uD;rsm;u rnfol.rsufESmudkr#raxmufxm;bJ ormorwfusus "rR"dÏmefusus w&m;tr#wqkH;
aqmif&Gufay;apvkdyga=umif;/ aumfr&Sif.vkyfief;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I rdrdwdk@onf tzGJ@tpnf;taejzifhaomf
vnf;aumif;/ wOD;csiftaejzifhaomfvnf;aumif; óud;udkifr_/ vrf;!$efr_vkH;0ðyvkyfrnfr[kwfa=umif;/
a&G;aumufyGJOya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;a&;qGJ&mwGifvnf; aumfr&SiftzGJ@0ifvl}uD;rsm;u awG@qkHaqG;aEG;vkdaom
tzGJ@tpnf;udkjzpfap/ yk*~dKvfwOD;csif;udkjzpfap awG@qkHaqG;aEG;t}uH^m%frsm;&,l+yD; vGwfvGwfvyfvyfa&;qGJ
Edkifa=umif;/ aumfr&Sifua&;qGJaxmufcHay;ydk@onfhOya'rsm;udk tjrefqkH;jyÏmef;ay;rnfjzpfyga=umif;/ ygwDpkH
'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udkatmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifrnfh vkdtyfonfhtultnDrsm;udkvnf; tjynfh
t0ay;oGm;rnfjzpfyga=umif; aqG;aEG;ajym=um;oGm;cJhonf?
aumfr&SifOuUÏESifhtzGJ@0ifrsm;onf rdrdwkd@qENjzpfaom vGwfvyfIw&m;r#wonfha&G;aumufyGJukd
usif;yEkdifrnf[k,kH=unfaoma=umifh EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@OuUÏ. arwWm&yfcHcsufukd
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmvufcHcJh=uonf? xkd@aemuf EkdifiHawmf.tajctaeonfvnf; wnf+idrfwkd;wufvm
onfESifhtr# rdrdwdk@.OD;wnfcsufjzpfaom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;qkdif&m vkyfief;
rsm;jzpfonfh aumfr&SifOya'/ EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'/ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'wkd@ukd
EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ujyÏmef;I EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSefykHwifjcif;enf;Oya'ESifh jynfol@
v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya'wkd@ukd aumfr&SifujyÏmef;+yD;/ vkyfief;rsm;ukdpwiftaumiftxnfazmfEkdifcJh
onf?
ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya' jyÏmef;jcif;?
EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&ufpGJyg a=unm

csuftrSwf(1§88)jzifh ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk}uD;rSL;usif;yay;&ef Ta&G;aumufyGJ
usif;ya&;aumfr&Sifukdqufvufwm0efay;tyfcJh&m aumfr&Sifonf rdrd.vkyfief;rsm;ukdtaumiftxnfazmf
Ekdifa&;twGuf EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (21)&ufae@wGif
ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya'(EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@
Oya'trSwf - 1§88)ukd jyÏmef;ay;cJhonf?
ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;twGuf
vkyfief;tpDtpOfESihf tcsdefZ,m;a&;qGJxkwfjyefjcif;?
aumfr&Sifonf rdrdtm;ay;tyfxm;onfhwm0efjzpfaom vGwfvyfIw&m;r#wonfhygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD

taxGaxGa&G;aumfyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdif&eftvkd@iSm EkdifiHawmf.vkHòcHa&;/ w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;/ vrf;yef;
qufoG,fa&;ponfh tajctaet&yf&yftay:tajccHvsuf vkyfief;tpDtpOf(26)ckESifh tcsdefZ,m;wkd@ukd
1989 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv (16)&ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(194)jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf?
jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'(rl=urf;)ESifhpyfvsOf;I
jynfolrsm;ESifhEkdfifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;xHrS
- 21 -
t}uHðycsufrsm;ESifhxifjrifcsufrsm;awmif;cHjcif;?
vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'dDrdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifa&;

twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'w&yfukd jyÏmef;ay;&efvkdtyfcJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;
aumufyGJOya'udkjyÏmef;rnffqkdygu EkdifiHawmf.zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'tay:rDS;Ia&;qGJavh&Sd=uonf? vuf&Sd
ajymif;vJvmaomtajctaeESifhtcsdeftcgwdk@a=umifh 1947 ckESpf/ zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'ESifh 1974
ckESpf/ zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'wkd@yg a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;onfhjyÏmef;csufrsm;twdkif; twdtus
vkdufemusifhokH;&efrjzpfEkdifawmhonfhtwGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'(rl=urf;)udk atmufygrlrsm;
tay: tajccHIa&;qGJcJhonf ² ² ²
(1) vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk pnf;urf;enf;vrf;wus
usif;yEkdifa&;/
(2) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH.EkdifiHom;rsm;twGuf 'Drkdua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;tjynfht0&Sdapa&;/
(3) aemifwacwfwGifEkdifiHacgif;aqmifrsm;jzpf=urnfh ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tm; 'Drkdua&pDtavh
tusifhrsm; ðypkydsK;axmifay;a&;/
txufygrlrsm;ukdtajccHI aumfr&Sifonf 1948 ckESpfwGifjyÏmef;chJaom ygvDreftaxGaxGa&G;
aumufyGJtufOya'ESifhenf;Oya'rsm;/ 1976 ckESpfwGifjyÏmef;cJhaom jynfol@v$wfawmfESifhjynfol@aumifpD
tqifhqifha&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;qkdif&mOya'ESifhenf;Oya'rsm;/ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDusifhokH;vsuf&SdaomEkdifiHtcsdK@
rS a&G;aumufyGJOya'ESifhenf;Oya'rsm;ukdavhvm+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'(rl=urf;)udk jrefrm
EkdifiHESifhvkdufavsmnDaxG&Sdap&ef !d‡Ed_if;aygif;pyfa&;qGJcJhonf?
jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'jyÏmef;jcif;?
jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'onf jynfolrsm;ESifhoufqkdifaom Oya'w&yfjzpfonf? ,ck

tcg zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'r&Sdojzifh jynfolrsm;.oabmxm;udk&,la&;qGJoifha=umif; aumfr&Sifuoabm
&&SdcJhonf? xkd@a=umifh aumfr&Sifonf 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv (1)&ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(242)jzifh jynfol
rsm;ESifhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. t}uHðycsufrsm;ESihx f ifjrifcsufrsm;ukday;ydk@&ef&Sdygu aumfr&Sifokd@ 1989
ckESpf/ rwfv (31)&ufae@udkaemufqkH;xm;Iay;ydk@yg&ef jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'(rl=urf;)ukd
&Sif;vif;csufrsm;ESifhwuGxkwfjyefI zdwfac:cJhonf?
aumfr&Sifonf jynfolrsm;ESifhEkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm.t}uHðycsufrsm;ukd tao;pdwfavhvm+yD; jynfol@
v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'onf usif;y&ef&SdonfhygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJtwGuf w}udrf
omtokH;ðy&ef&nf&G,fIvnf;aumif;/ aemifwGifusif;yrnfha&G;aumufyGJrsm;ESifh =um;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;
twGufukdrl xkdtcsdefwGifrSpOf;pm;a&;qGJ=uap&ef&nf&G,fIvnf;aumif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyJG
Oya'ukdðyjyifa&;qGJ+yD; EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@odk@wifjycJhonf?
EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ,if;Oya'=urf;ukd 1989 ckESpf/ arv (25)&ufae@
wGif aumfr&SifESifh!d‡Ed_if;pdppf+yD;aemuf 1989 ckESp/f arv (31)&ufae@Y jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'
(EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 14§89)ukd jyÏmef;ay;cJhonf? ,if;Oya'wGif
tcef;aygif;(15)cef;ESifh yk'fraygif;(82)ck yg0ifonf?
jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya'rsm;jyÏmef;jcif;?
- 22 -
Oya'oabmt& jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'wGif rlykdif;qkdif&mrsm;ukdom xnfhoGif;jyÏmef;
xm;cJhonf? ,if;Oya'ygjyÏmef;rsm;ukd taumiftxnfazmf&mwGifaqmif&Guf&rnfh tao;pdwfenf;pepfrsm;
ukd enf;Oya'rsm;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;jzifhvnf;aumif; xkwfjyefrSomv#ifvkyfief;rsm;
taumiftxnfazmfay;&onfh tzGJ@tpnf;tqifhtqifhtwGuf vG,fulr_&SdEkdifrnfjzpfonf? xkd@a=umifh jynf
o@lv$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 81 yg tyfESif;xm;aomvkyfykdifcGifhrsm;ukdusifhoHk;I aumfr&Sifonf jynf
ol@v$wfawmf a&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya'rsm;udka&;qGJ+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya'rsm; (ygwDpkH
'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif enf;Oya'rsm;trSwf 1§89) ukd 1989 ckESpf/ ZGefv
(30)&ufae@wGif jyÏmef;ay;cJhonf?
!Gef=um;csufrsm;/ &yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;twGuf

vkyfief;vrf;!Gef/ rJ&kHrª;ESifhrJ&kHtzGJ@0ifrsm;twGuf
vkyfief;vrf;!$efxkwfjyefjcif;?
jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'wGif rlykdif;qkdif&mrsm;jyÏmef;xm;+yD; enf;Oya'rsm;wGif aqmif

&Guf&rnfhenf;pepftao;pdwfrsm;ukdjyÏmef;xm;&m ,if;jyÏmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD vkdtyfaomnGef=um;csuf
rsm;ukd &yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;u rDSjirf;ðyavhvm&mwGifvG,fulr_&Sdap&eftvkd@iSm
&yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;twGuf vkyfief;vrf;nGefukd aumfr&SifujyKpkxkwfjyefay;cJhonf?
a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaomae@Y rdrdwkd@.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;ukd wdwdususrSefrSefuefuef taumift
xnfazmfaqmif&GufEkdifa&;twGuf rJ&kHrSL;ESifhrJ&kHtzGJ@0ifrsm;. wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;ESifh aqmif&Guf&rnfhvkyfief;
tqifhqifhwdk@azmfjyyg&Sdonfh rJ&kHrSL;ESifhrJ&kHtzGJ@0ifrsm;twGuf vkyfief;vrf;nGefukdvnf; aumfr&SifujyKpkkxkwf
jyefcJhonf?
aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJtqifhqifhzGJ@pnf;jcif;?
ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wpGmusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf EkdifiHawmf

+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u vkdtyfonfhOya'rsm;udkjyÏmef;cJhonf? aumfr&Sifuvnf;vkdtyfonfh
enf;Oya'rsm;ukd jyÏmef;cJhonfhtjyifvkyfief;vrf;nGefrsm;ESifh nGef=um;csufrsm;ukdvnf;xkwfjyefcJhonf? ,if;
Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;t& a&G;aumufyGJqkdif&m vkyfief;rsm;ukdtaumiftxnfazmf&ef jynfe,fESifhwkdif;/
òrd@e,fpk/ òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;ukd atmufygtwkdif;zGJ@pnf;ay;cJhonf ---
(1) oufqkdif&mtqifh&Sd taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;XmerSL; OuUÏ
(2) oufqkdif&mtqifh&Sd w&m;a&;OD;pD;XmerSL; tzGJ@0if
(3) oufqdkif&mtqifh&Sd Oya't&m&Sd ?
(4) oufqdkif&mtqifh&Sd usef;rma&; OD;pD;XmerSL; ?
(5) oufqkdif&mtqifh&Sd vl0ifr_}uD;=uyfa&;ESifhjynfoltiftm; OD;pD;XmerSL; ?
(6) oufqkdif&mtqifh&Sd ynma&;rSL; ?
(7) a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwkd@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvf ?
(10) OuUÏu wm0efay;tyfol twGif;a&;rSL;
(11) OuUÏu wm0efay;tyfol wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;
- 23 -
&yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;udk atmufygtzGJ@0ifrsm;jzifhzGJ@pnf;cJhonf ² ² ²
(1) a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwkd@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvf OuUÏ

(2) a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwkd@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvf tzGJ@0if
(3) a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwkd@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvf tzGJ@0if
(4) tpkd;&ausmif;q&m odk@r[kwf ausmif;q&mrwOD; tzGJ@0if
(5) oufqkdif&m&yfuGuf odk@r[kwf
aus;&Gmtkyfpk +idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@&kH;rSpma&; twGif;a&;rSL;
,if;odk@zGJ@pnf;cJhonfh aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJta&twGufrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf –
(1) jynfe,fESifhwkdif;aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ 14 ck
(2) òrd@e,fpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ 50 ck
(3) òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ 317 ck
(4) &yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk 14992 ck
rJjym;jzifhqENay;onfhpepfrS qENrJvufrSwfjzifhqENrJay;onfhpepf/
qENrJa&wGufonfhtae&m/ qENrJa&wGufonfhpepf/
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&ol.
trnfpm&if;a=unmjcif;pepfwkd@ukdðyjyifajymif;vJjcif;?
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH. a&G;aumufyGJorkdif;wavsmufwGif usif;ycJhaoma&G;aumufyGJrsm;Y vGwf

vGwfvyfvyfqENrJay;ykdifcGifh&&Sd+yD; rdrdwkd@ay;vkdufonfhaxmufcHqENrJudk oufqkdif&mudk,fpm;vS,favmif;u
rSefuefpGm&&SdoGm;onf[laom,kH=unfr_rsdK;ukd rJqEN&Sifrsm;u &mckdifE_ef;jynfh&&Sdjcif;r&SdcJhonfudk avhvmod&Sd
cJh&onf?
xkd@a=umifh acwfrrDawmhaom qENrJjym;jzifhqENay;&onfhpepftpm; qENrJvufrSwfjzifhqENrJay;&
onfhpepfudk ajymif;vJoifha=umif; aumfr&SifuokH;oyfcJhonf? aumfr&Sifonf 1989 ckESpf rwfv 1 &ufpGJyg
a=unmcsuftrSwf (242) jzifh rJjym;jzifhqENrJay;onfhpepfESifh qENrJvufrSwfjzifhqENrJay;onfhpepfESpfckt
euf rnfonfhpepfudkóudufepfoufa=umif; jynfolrsm;ESifhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;xHrS t}uH^m%frsm;
awmif;cHcJh&m jynfolrsm;ESifhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;trsm;tjym;u qENrJvufrSwfjzifhqENrJay;onfhpepfukd
usifhokH;oifha=umif;t}uHðycJh=uonf? aumfr&Sifonf jynfolrsm;ESifhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. t}uH
^m%frsm;ukd&,lI qENrJvufrSwfjzifhqENrJay;onfhpepfukd pwifusifhokH;&efqkH;jzwfcJh+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmf
a&G;aumufyGJOya'ESifh enf;Oya'rsm;wGif xnfhoGif;jyÏmef;cJhonf?
qENrJrsm;a&wGufonfhpepfukdvnf; ajymif;vJcJhonf? ,cifygwDpkHpepfukdusifhokH;pOfu ygvDrefa&G;
aumufyGJwGif c&dkif0efrsm;onf a&G;aumufyGJwm0efcHt&m&Sdrsm;tjzpfaqmif&GufcJh=uonf? a&G;aumufyGJ
usif;yonfhfae@wGif rJqENe,ftwGif;&Sd rJ&kHrsm;ydwf+ydD;aemuf rJ&kHtoD;oD;rSryJ kH;rsm;ukdcsdyfydwfIoufqkdif&m a&G;
aumufyGJwm0efcHt&m&SdxH,laqmifoGm;+yD;rS rJrsm;udka&wGuf&onf? rJ&kHrsm;ydwf+yD;aemuf rJykH;rsm;ukdcsdyfydwf
+yD;onfhtcsdefrSpI rJykH;rsm;zGifhazmufI qENrJa&wGufonfhtcsdeftxd &ufjcm;cJhonf? ,if;okd@aom=um;um
vwGif tjcm;v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;. rJykH;rsm;xJrSrJjym;rsm;udk enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifhazmuf,l+yD;
tEkdif&apvkdaom v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;. rJykH;rsm;xJodk@ajymif;xnfhum rJckd;a=umif;oHo,yGm;r_
rsm;&SdcJhonf?
- 24 -
rJckd;onf[laom oHo,yGm;r_ yaysmufapa&;twGuf qENrJvufrSwfjzifhqENrJay;onfhpepfukd
ajymif;vJusifhokH;+yD; rJ&kHwGifyif rJykH;rsm;ukdtrsm;jynfola&S@arSmufY zGifhazmufa&wGufonfhpepfukd usifhokH;cJh
onf? xkdodk@qENrJrsm;udka&wGuf+yD;aemuf xkdrJ&kHrS&&SdonfhqENrJta&twGufukd ykHpH (15) jzifhjyKpkI rJ&kHrSL;ESifh
rJ&kHtzGJ@0ifrsm;/ rJ&kHudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh rJqEN&Sifrsm;u vufrSwfa&;xkd;=uonf? ,if;ykHpH (15) rsm;udk òrd@e,f
aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;u v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftvkdufpkpnf;+yD; v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;toD;oD;&&Sd
onfh ckdifvkHaomqENrJta&twGufudk ykHpH (16) jzifh aygif;&kH;pkpnf;+yD; òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ0ifrsm;/ v$wf
awmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;/ a&G;aumufyJGudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh rJqEN&Sifrsm;u vuffrSwfa&;xkd;=uonf?
òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;u ,if;odk@ðypkxm;onfh ykHpH (16) ESihf usif;y+yD;pD;cJhaom jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;
vS,fa&G;aumufyGJtajctaeudkazmfjyxm;onfh ykHpH (17) wkd@ukd aumfr&Sifodk@ay;ydk@=uonf? xkdykHpHrsm;&&Sd
onfhtcgrS aumfr&Sifu jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&olukd a=unmcJh
onf? jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oludk ,cifu a&G;aumufyGJwm0efcH
t&m&Sdu a=unmcJhaomfvnf; ,ck aumfr&Sifua=unmonfhpepfukd ajymif;vJusifhokH;cJhonf?
ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif
0ifa&muf,SOf+ydifonfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;?
EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ukdjyÏmef;+yD;onfhaemuf aumfr&Sifonf ,if;

Oya'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufyGJY0ifa&muf,SOfòydifvkdaom EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ukd 1988 ckESpf/ pufwif
bmv (30)&ufae@rSpI rSwfykHwifcGifhðycJh&m aemuffqkH;rSwfykHwifcGifhðy&ufjzpfonfh 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv
(28)&ufae@txd (5)vcef@twGif; rSwfykHwifcGifðycJhonfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif;rSm(235)zGJ@jzpfonf?
xkd@aemuf rSwfykHwifxm;onfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf ygwDwGif;pnf;&kH;a&;wkd@udkaqmif
&GufcJh=u&mY ygwDtcsdK@onf ygwDwGif;tajctaet&vnf;aumif;/ tjcm;EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifhyl;
aygif;zGJ@pnf;vkdIvnf;aumif; rdrdwdk@.EkdifiHa&;ygwDrSwfykHwifxm;jcif;udky,fzsufcGifhðyyg&ef aumfr&Sifokd@
av#mufxm;ojzifh aumfr&Sifu ,if;wkd@.qENt& EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;taygif;(102)zGJ@ukd y,fzsufay;cJh
&onf?
EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya' yk'fr(6)wGif a&G;aumufyGJusif;yjcif;rðyrD rSwfykHwifcGifh&&Sd+yD;
aomEkdifiHa&;ygwDwckonf yk'fr (3)/ yk'frcGJ (u)/ (c)/ (*)/ (C) odk@r[kwf (i) wGifazmfjyxm;onfh tzGJ@
tpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif; aumfr&SifuawG@&Sdv#if rSwfykHwifcGifhðycJhjcif;ukdy,fzsuf&rnf[k jyÏmef;xm;onf?
rSwfykHwifcGifhðyxm;aom atmufygEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf EkdfifiHawmftm;vufeufpGJudkifI awmf
vSefykefuefaeaom ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDaomif;usef;oltzGJ@tpnf;. ajray:tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;jzpfa=umif;
awG@&Sd&onfhtwGuf aumfr&Sifu 1989 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (314)/ (315)/
(316)wkd@ukdxkwfjyefI y,fzsufcJhonf ² ² ²
(1) trsdK;om;EkdifiHa&;wyfaygif;pk (r-e-w)/ rEWav;+rdK@?
(2) jynfol@wkd;wufa&;ygwD/ &efukef+rdK@?
(3) t+rJpdrf;vli,frsm;tzGJ@/ rkH&Gm+rdK@?
ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;r&SdaomEkdifiHom;rsm;tm; woD;yk*~v
tjzpf0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcGifhðycJhonf? ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;tvdkufyg0if,SOf+ydKifygu ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;r&Sdaom woD;
yk*~vv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;xufydkrdkI v$wfawmfrJqENe,frsm;wGifyg0if,SOfòydifrSomv#if ygwD
tzGJ@tpnf;.*k%foduQm&SdEkdfifrnfjzpfojzifh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;onf a&G;aumufyGJwGiftenf;qkH;
v$wfawmfrJqENe,f(3)e,fpDY,SOfòydif=uyg&ef aumfr&Sifu 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (5)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=u
nmcsuftrSwf(337)jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf?
- 25 -
txufyga=unmcsufESifhtnD 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (13)&ufae@txd EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;
aygif;(117)zGJ@wkd@u a&G;aumufyGJYtenf;qkH; rJqENe,f(3)e,fESihftxuf0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifrnfjzpfa=umif;
atmufygtwkdif;wifjycJhonf?
(1) rJqENe,f(300)e,fESifhtxuf,SOfòydifrnf[k wifjyxm;onfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (6)zGJ@
(2) rJqENe,f(111)e,frS(200)e,ftwGif;,SOfòydifrnf[kwifjyxm;onfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (4)zGJ@
(3) rJqENe,f(51)e,frS(100)e,ftwGif;,SOfòydifrnf[k wifjyxm;onfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (4)zGJ@
(4) rJqENe,f(11)e,frS(50)e,ftwGif;,SOfòydifrnf[k wifjyxm;onfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (31)zGJ@
(5) rJqENe,f(3)e,frS(10)e,ftwGif;,SOfòydifrnf[k wifjyxm;onfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (72)zGJ@?
EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya' yk'fr(3)t& EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u a&G;aumufyGJY0if
a&muf,SOfòydifvkdojzifh rSwfykHwifay;&efav#mufxm;csuft& aumfr&SifupDppf+yD; ,if;Oya'ygjyÏmef;csufESifh
nD!GwfaomEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk rSwfykHwifay;cJhonf? xkd@a=umifh aumfr&Sifu 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZif
bmv (5)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(337)jzifh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf a&G;aumufyGJwGif tenf;
qkH; jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f(3)e,fY0ifa&muf,SOfòydif&ef owfrSwfwkdufwGef;cJhaomfvnf; a&G;aumufyGJ
wGifvkH;0,SOfòydifjcif;rjyKEkdifaom EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;aygif;(31)zGJ@ukd EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmuf
a&;tzGJ@u 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23)&ufae@ &ufpGJygtrdef@trSwf(1§90)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf?
ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;onf a¶G;aumufyGJwGif tenf;qHk; v$wfawmfrJqENe,f(3)e,fY 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKif=u&ef aumfr¶SifrS 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (5)&ufae@ &ufae@pGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(337)jzifh xkwf
jyefa=unmcJhonf?
odk@twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f(1)e,f/ odk@r[kwf (2)e,fwGifom 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifonfh
atmufygEdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(6)cktm;/ e0w rS 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23)&ufae@ &ufae@pGJyg
trdef@trSwf(2§90)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf?
(1) vlrsdK;aygif;pHkcspf=unfa&;toif; (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)/
Society for International Friendship (Union of Burma)
(2) ausmif;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHkygwD/
Students' Revolutionary Party for Democracy (S.R.P.D.)
(3) vlrsdK;pk aygif;pnf;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD/
Federal Republic Development Party
(4) trsdK;om;wdk;wufa&; qdk¶S,fvpftzGJ@csKyf/
The National Progressive Socialist League
(5) t¶d_csif;trsdK;om; zGH@+zdK;a&;tzGJ@csKyf (t-r-z-c)/
Asho-Chin National Development League (A.N.D.L.)
(6) trsdK;om; +idrf;csrf;om,ma&;ygwD (r-i-o-y)/
National Peace and Comfort Party
,if;trdef@wGif oufqkdif&mjynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;. a&G;aumufcHykdifcGifhrqkH;&_H;apaom
iSm txufazmfjyyg zsufodrf;vkdufonfhygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;.trnfcHvsuf ouffqkdif&mòrd@e,fpkaumfr&Sif
tzGJ@cGJY jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;olrsm;tm; woD;yk*~v
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;tjzpfrSwf,l&rnfjzpfa=umif; azmfjyxm;onf?
xkdodk@ zsufodrf;vkdufonfhygwDrsm;ukdukd,fpm;jyKI v$wfawmfrJqENe,f(1)e,f odk@r[kwf (2)e,f 0if
a&muf,SOfòydif&eftrnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;aom v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;(8)OD;wkd@udk woD;yk*~v
tjzpf a&G;aumufyGJwGifa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcGifhðycJhonf?
- 26 -
xkd@a=umifh v$wfawmfrJqENe,f(3)e,fESifhtxuf yg0if,SOfòydifonfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (93)zGJ@
om 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJY 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydifcJh=uonf//
EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya' yk'fr(6)wGif a¶G;aumufyGJusif;yjcif;rjyKrD rSwfyHkwifcGifh&¶Sd+yD;

aom EdkifiHa&;ygwDwckonf yk'fr(3)/ yk'frcGJ (u)/ (c)/ (*)/ (C) odk@r[kwf (i)wGifazmfjyxm;onfh tzGJ@
tpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif;/ aumfr¶SifuawG@¶Sdv#if rSwfyHkwifcGifhjyKjcif;udky,fzsuf&rnf[kjyXmef;xm;onf?
rSwfyHkwifcGifhjyKxm;aomatmufygEdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf EdkifiHawmftm;vufeufpGJudkifIawmfvSef
ykefuefaeaom ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDaomif;usef;oltzGJ@tpnf;. ajray:tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;jzpfa=umif; awG@¶Sd
&onfhtwGuf aumfr¶Sifu 1989 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufae@ &ufae@pGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf (314)/
(315)/ (316)wdk@udkxkwfjyefI y,fzsufcJhonf?
(1) trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;wyfaygif;pk(rew)/ rEWav;+rdK@?
National Politics Front (NPF), Mandalay.
(2) jynfol@wdk;wufa&;ygwD/ &efukef+rdK@?
People's Progressive Party, Rangoon.
(3) t+rJpdrf;vli,frsm;tzGJ@/ rHk¶Gm+rdK@?
Ever Green Young Men Association, Monywa.
a&G;aumufyGJudk 1990 jynfhESpf/ arv(27)&uf( 1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 4 &uf)we*FaEGae@Y
wjynfvkH;wGifwðydifeuf eHeuf(6)em&DrS nae(4)em&DtwGif; usif;ycJhonf//
oauFwrsm;owfrSwfjcif;?
jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya' 106 t& qENrJvufrSwfay:wGif&dkufESdyf&ef a&G;aumufyGJ

Y0ifa&muf,SOfòydifrnfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;twGuf oauFwrsm;udk aumfr&Sifu oufqkdif&m
ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh !d‡Ed_if;owfrSwfay;cJhonf? woD;yk*~vrsm;twGufvnf; oauFw(11)ckudk oD;jcm;
owfrSwfay;cJhonf?
ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ukdudk,fpm;ðyonfh v$wfawmfukd,f
pm;vS,favmif;rsm;tokH;ðy&ef !d‡Ed_if;owfrSwfxm;onfhoauFwrsm;ukd aumfr&Sifu a=unmcsuftrSwf
(361)/ (365)/ (370)wkd@jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf?
rJ&kHta&twGufESifh rJ&kHtzGJ@0ifOD;a&owfrSwfjcif;?
ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ycJh&m jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdfifiHw0ef;vkH;wGif rJ&kHaygif;

15˜154 &kH owfrSwfay;cJhonf? &yfuGuf okd@r[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfwkdif;wGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdol 5000 txd&Sd
v#if rJ&kHw&kHxm;&Sd+yD; ,if;rJ&kHrsm;wGif rJ&kHtzGJ@0ifOD;a&ukd atmufygtwkdif;owfrSwfzGJ@pnf;ay;cJhonf?
(u) rJqEN&Sif 1000 txd&SdaomrJ&kH -
(1) rJ&kHrSL; 1 OD;
(2) rJpm&if;ppfaq;ol 1 OD;
(3) qENrJvufrSwfxkwfay;ol 1 OD;
(4) rJykH;apmifh 1 OD;
pkpkaygif; 4 OD;
(c) rJqEN&Sif 1001 rS 3000 txd&SdaomrJ&kH -
- 27 -
(1) rJ&kHrSL; 1 OD;
pkpkaygif; 6 OD;
(*) rJqEN&Sif 2001 rS 3000 txd&SdaomrJ&kH -
(1) rJ&kHrSL; 1 OD;
pkpkaygif; 8 OD;
(C) rJqEN&Sif 3001 rS 4000 txd&SdaomrJ&kH -
(1) rJ&kHrSL; 1 OD;
pkpkaygif; 10 OD;
(i) rJqEN&Sif 4001 rS 5000 txd&SdaomrJ&kH -
(1) rJ&kHrSL; 1 OD;
(4) rJykHapmifh 1 OD;
pkpkaygif; 12 OD;
ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;yrnfhae@&ufESifh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudkf,fpm;vS,favmif;trnfpm&if;
wifoGif;v$mwifoGif;jcif;/ pdppfjcif;/ &kyfodrf;jcif;wkd@ESifh pyfvsOf;onfhae@&ufrsm; owfrSwfa=unmjcif;?
aumfr&Sifonf a&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I xkwfjyefa=unmxm;onf vkyfief;tpDtpOf

ESifh tcsdefZ,m;rsm;twdkif; vkyfief;rsm;ukdtaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ,if;okd@owfrSwfxm;
aomtcsdefZ,m;twdkif; jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ Oya' yk'fr 28 yk'frcGJ (*) ESifh jynfol@v$wfawmf
a&G;aumufyGJ enf;Oya' 18 t& atmufygae@&ufrsm;udk aumfr&Sifu 1989 ckESpf Ekdif0ifbmv 10 &ufpGJyg
a=unmcsuf trSwf 326 jzifhowfrSwfa=unmcJhonf?
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ
usif;ya&;aumfr¶Sif
a=unmcsuftrSwf (326)
1351 ckESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqef; (13)&uf
- 28 -
1989 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (10)&uf
ta=umif;t&m? ? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;yrnfhae@&ufESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;

vS,favmif;trnfpm&if;wifoGif;v$mudk wifoGif;jcif;/ pDppfjcif;/ ¶kyfodr;f jcif;wdk@ESifh
pyfvsOf;onfhae@&ufrsm; owfrSwfa=unmjcif;?
jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 28/ yk'frcGJ(*)ESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJenf;

Oya' 18 t&/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶Sifonf atmufygae@&ufrsm;udk
owf rSwfvdkufa=umif;a=unmtyfygonf?
(u) ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ 1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 4 &uf

usif;yrnfhae@&uf (1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 27 &uf)
(c) jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftoD;oD;twGuf 1351 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; 2 &ufrS 8
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;trnfpm&if;pwif &uftxd (1989 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 28
wifoGif;Edkifonfh ae@&ufESifh aemufqHk;ae@&uf &ufrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv
3 &uftxd)
(*) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;trnfpm&if; 1351 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; 10 &ufae@rS
wifoGif;v$mrsm;udk pDppfrnfhae@&uf 14 &uftxd (1990 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&D
v 5 &ufrS 9 &uftxd)
(C) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;trnfpm&if;wifoGif;v$mudk 1351 ckESpf/ jymodkvjynfhausmf 2 &uf
¶kyfodrf;vdku¶kyfodrf;Edkifonfh aemufqHk;ae@ (1990 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv 22 &uf
¶Hk;csdeftwGif;)
trdef@t&
(at;armif)
twGif;a&;rª;
vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyGJusif;y&ef
tajctaeray;ao;onfh e,fajrrsm;?
aumfr&Sifonf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdfifiHawmftwGif;&Sd e,fajrtm;vkH;wGifvGwfvyfI w&m;r#w

aoma&G;aumufyGJrsm;udk usif;yEkdifa&;twGuf jynfol@v$wfawmf rJqENe,f 492 e,fukd owfrSwfcJhonf?
xkdokd@owfrSwfcJhaomfvnf; atmufazmfjyyg rJqENe,fckESpfe,fwGifusif;y&ef&Sdonfh a&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;
ukd jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD tcsdefrDaqmif&GufEkdif&eftcuftcJ&Sda=umif;
od&onfhtwGuf acwWqkdif;iHhvkdufa=umif; a=unmcsuf trSwf 384 ESifh 395 wkd@jzifh xkwfjyefcJhojzifh rJqEN
e,faygif; 485 e,fwGifom a&G;aumufyGJrsm;udkusif;ycJhonf?
(1) &Srf;jynfe,f/ ukef;=urf;òrd@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/
(2) &Srf;jynfe,f/ em;zefòrd@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/
(3) &Srf;jynfe,f/ yef0kdifòrd@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/
(4) &Srf;jynfe,f/ yef,ef;òrd@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/
(5) &Srf;jynfe,f/ rdkif;armòrd@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/
- 29 -
(6) &Srf;jynfe,f/ refzef@ (oHvGif) òrd@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/
(7) ucsifjynfe,f/ tif*sef;,efòrd@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f?
qENrJrsm;a&wGufjcif;ESifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftrnf a=unmjcif;?
a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaomae@wGif qENrJay;vkdaomrJqEN&Sifrsm;onf rJ&kHrsm;Y eHeuf(6)em&DrS

nae(4)em&DtcsdeftwGif; rdrdwdk@óudufESpfouf&mv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;ukd v#dK@0SufpGm vGwfvGwf
vyfvyf qENrJay;cJh=uonf?
EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuUX/ EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyfESifh wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;
OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD;apmarmifESifhrdom;pkonf '*Hk+rdK@e,f/ ZD0uvrf;/ aq;okawoeOD;pD;Xmetaqmuf
ttHkwGifzGifhvSpfxm;aomrJ¶Hkodk@vma&mufrJay;=uonf? EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ 'kwd,
OuUX/ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;oef;a¶$/ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh 0ef}uD;rsm;/ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yf
ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ twGif;a&;rª;(1)ESifhtwGif;a&;rª;(2)wdk@onfvnf; rdrdwdk@oufqdkif&mrJ¶Hkrsm;odk@
vma&mufrJay;=uonf?
1990 jynfhESpf arv (27)&ufae@wGif a&G;aumufyGJusif;yonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,faygif;
(485)e,fwkd@ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh qENrJay;r_tajctaersm;ESifh &mckdifE_ef;rsm;ukd atmufygtwkdif;xkwfjyefazmfjy
ay;cJhonf?
(u) a&G;aumufyGJusif;yr_ tajctae

(1) a&G;aumufyGJusif;y&efowfrSwfxm;onfh rJqENe,faygif; 492 e,f
(2) a&G;aumufyGJusif;ycJhonfh rJqENe,faygif; 485 e,f
(3) a&G;aumufyGJusif;yEkdifonfh&mckdifE_ef; 98 ›58µ
(c) qENrJay;r_tajctae
(1) qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&SdolOD;a& 2˜08˜18˜313 OD;
(2) vma&mufqENrJay;olOD;a& 1˜51˜12˜524 OD;
(3) qENrJay;r_&mcdkifE_ef; 72 ›59µ
(*) ckdifvkHaomqENrJ &&Sdr_tajctae
(2) &&Sdonfh ckdifvkHaomqENrJta&twGuf 1˜32˜53˜606 rJ
(3) ckdifvkHaomqENrJ&&Sdr_&mcdkifE_ef; 87 ›7µ
(C) y,frJ/ aysufrJ/ xyfrJtajctae
(2) ckdifvkHaomqENrJ&&Sdonfhta&twGuf 1˜32˜53˜606 rJ
(3) y,frJ/ aysmufrJ/ xyfrJta&twGuf 18˜58˜918 rJ
(4) &&SdonfhqENrJrsm;teufy,frJ/ aysmufrJ/ xyfrJ&mckdifE_ef; 12 ›3µ
(i) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;,SOfòydifr_tajctae
(1) ,SOfòydifonfhv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a& 2˜296 OD;
(2) ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ukdudk,fpm;ðyI,SOfòydifonfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a& 2˜209 OD;
(3) woD;yk*~v v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a& 87 OD;
(4) ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udkudk,fpm;ðyI0ifa&muf,SOfòydifonfh udk,fpm;vS,favmif;&mckdifE_ef; 96 h21 µ
(5) woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;&mckdifE_ef; 3²79 µ
- 30 -
(p) v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;.a&G;aumufcH&r_tajctae
(1) ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ukdudk,fpm;ðyI ,SOfòydifonfhv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; OD;a& 2˜209 OD;
(2) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&aomygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk ukd,fpm;ðyonfhv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fOD;a&
479 OD;
(3) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&r_ &mckdifE_ef; 21²68 µ
(q) wpfoD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;. a&G;aumufcH&r_tajctae

(1) yg0if,SOfòydifonfh woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a& 87 OD;
(2) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&onfh wOD;yk*~vv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fOD;a& 6 OD;
(3) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&r_ &mcdkifE_ef; 6²9 µ
(Z) v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;. ckdifvkHaomqENrJ&SpfykHwykHESifh txuf&&Sdr_tajctae
(1) ,SOfòydifonfhv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a& 2˜296 OD;
(2) ckdifvkHaom qENrJ&SpfykHwykHESifhtxuf&&Sdonfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a& 1˜049 OD;
(3) &mckdifE_ef; 45²69µ
(4) ckdifvkHaomqENrJ &SpfykHwykHatmuf&&Sdonfh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;OD;a& 1˜247 OD;
(5) &mcdkifE_ef;
54²31µ
ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJY 0ifa&muf,OS fòydifonfh EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; 93 zGJ@
teuf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f tenf;qkH;wOD;ESifhtxuf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&aom EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@
tpnf; 27 zGJ@rS a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&onfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&rSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf?
(1) trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 392 OD;
(2) &Srf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 23 OD;
(3) &ckdif'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 11 OD;
(4) wkdfif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;ygwD 10 OD;
(5) rGeftrsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@ 5 OD;
(6) trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&; 'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD 4 OD;
(7) csif;trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 3 OD;
(8) ucsifjynfe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf 3 OD;
(9) jynfaxmifpkytkd0f;trdsK;om;tzG@JcsKyf 3 OD;
(10) trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDygwD 3 OD;
(11) ZdkdrD;trdsK;om;uGef*&uf 2 OD;
(12) em*awmifwef;a'owkd;wufa&;ygwD 2 OD;
(13) u,m;jynfe,fvlrdsK;aygif;pkH 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 2 OD;
(14) watmif; (yavmif) trdsK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 2 OD;
(15) u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ 2 OD;
(16) 'Drkdua&pDygwD 1 OD;
(17) 'Drdku&ufwpf wuUokdvfbGJ@&ESihfausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ 1 OD;
(18) rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ 1 OD;
(19) u&ifjynfe,ftrdsK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf 1 OD;
(20) &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD 1 OD;
(21) jynfaxmifpk "EktrdsK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 1 OD;
- 31 -
(22) ureftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 1 OD;
(23) r&mjynfol@ygwD (r y y) 1 OD;
(24) jynfaxmifpktrdsK;om;rsm; 'Drdkua&pD 1 OD;
(25) òrd (ac: ) crdtrdsK;om;nDnGwfa&;tzGJ@ ( r c r n z) 1 OD;
(26) vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;ygwD 1 OD;
(27) jynfaxmifpkwkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 1 OD;
txufwGifazmfjycJhonfhtwkdif; ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJY 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifonfh

EkdifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; (93)zGJ@rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&olaygif;
(479)OD;&SdcJh+yD;/ woD;yk*~v jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHxm;&ol (6)OD;¶Sd
ojzifh 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufcH&olaygif;rSm (485)OD;&SdcJhonf? a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&olrsm;wGif wyfrawmft+idrf;pm;
(42)OD;/ t+idrf;pm;0efxrf;a[mif; (145)OD;/ w&m;¶Hk;csKyfESifhtxufwef;a¶S@ae (54)OD;/ q&m0ef (50)OD;/ tjcm;
t&yfom; (194)OD;yg0ifonf? ‚if;wdk@rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf?
“ 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onfh

jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;? ”
(1) ucsifjynfe,f?
1? umrdkif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;wifjrif/h trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
2? csDaAG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;*sDabmifrfvSef;/ ucsifjynfe,ftrdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf?
3? ac:bl'J+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;rzef;qif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
4? Aqmhavmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;rkwfajrmfqef;acgif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;ygwD?
5? qGrfy&mbGrf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;aZmftdef/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf?
6? wEdkif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
7? aemifrGef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;trfqifqm;&f/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;ygwD?
8? Ylwmtdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;a,mpD/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
9? Aef;armf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;ykaxG; (Aef;armfndKEGJ@)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
10? jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;jrarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
11? jrpf=uD;em;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;OD;Aspfwl;/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsKd ;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf?
- 32 -
12? rdk;aumif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
13? rdk;!‡if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;ausmfarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
14? rdk;n‡if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;=umjr/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
15? rdk;armuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;aomif;aiG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
16? rHpD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;a*strfaemfvm/ trsdL;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
17? rcsrf;abm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;tifeef;*rf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
18? a&$ul+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a':pdefwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
19? 0dkif;armf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - 'l0g trf aZmfatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
(2) u,m;jynfe,f?
1? 'Darmqdk;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cifarmifcsdK/ u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
2? 'Darmqdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;Apfwmav;/ u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
3? z¶lqdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;apmOD;&,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
4? zmaqmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;apmwm¶l;wl;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD?
5? abmvcJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifoed f;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD?
6? &Sm;awm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
7? vGdKifaumf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;bdk;oif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
8? vdGKifaumf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) - OD;wuf'Dbl;&D/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
(3) u&ifjynfe,f?
1? aumhu&dwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ref;+rdKifat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
2/ aumhu&dwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - Edkifaomif;&Sdef/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@?
- 33 -
3? =umtif;qdyf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSarmif/ rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@?
4? =umtif;qdyf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;=uifodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
5? zmyGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
6? zmyGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;bat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
7? bm;tH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;apmcspfoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
8? bm;tH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;xGef;cspf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
9? bm;tH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(3) - eef;cifaxG;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
10? jr0wD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdefAdkvf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
11? v_dif;bGJ@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;apmxGef;az/ u&ifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf?
12? vd_if;bGJ@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;apmxGef;vGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
13? oHawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;tm&fyDaomif;/

u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@?
14? oHawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;apmApfwmcvdkuf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
(4) csif;jynfe,f?
1? uefyufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;vdef;[m/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD?
2? wD;wdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;iifhxef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
3? wD;wdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - ylusifh&Sif;xef/ ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf?
4? wGef;ZH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - wmefxefvsef;aygif/ ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf?
5? xefwvef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a'gufwmr_xef/ woD;yk*~v?
6? yvuf0+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmfxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
7? yvuf0+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;axG;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 34 -
8? zvrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - pDauwdkufuGJvf/ csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
9? zvrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmZvS,fxef/ csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
10? rwlyD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;¶dktkyf/ r&mjynfol@ygwD(r-y-y)?
11? rwlyD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;a&$xef; (c) OD;aqGxm;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
12? rif;wyf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;&Sdef;azvdef;/ csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
13? [m;cg;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;vseftkyf/ woD;yk*~v?
(5) ppfudkif;wdkif;?
1? ueD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cifarmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
2? ueD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef@Zif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
3? uav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;'dkaxmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
4? uav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmodef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
5? uav;0jrdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;wifarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
6? uom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;jrifh=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
7? aumvif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;odef;ZH/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
8? uef@bvl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;odef;az/ woD;yk*~v?
9? uef@bvl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmjrifhEdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
10? u|ef;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;}uD;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
11? cifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cifarmifodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
12? cifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;aomif;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
13? acsmif;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;tHh=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
14? cEWD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a':q,fq,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 35 -
15? igef;ZGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cspfcdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
16? igef;ZGefjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;csdKvd_if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
17? ppfudkif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - t+idrf;pm;Adkvfrª;}uD;oD[ol&pdk;odrf;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
18? ppfudkif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmcifarmifaqG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
19? qm;vif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cifarmif=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
20? qm;vif;=uD;rJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdef&H/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
21? wrl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;axmifcdkxef;/ jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
22? wef@qnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) - t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;ausmfqef;/

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
23? wef@qnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;azoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
24? xD;cdsKifh+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;ausmf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
25? 'DyJ,if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;bdkarmif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
26? 'DyJ,if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;0if;jrifhatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
27? eef;,Gef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;ausmfarmif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD?
28? ykvJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
29? ykvJj+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmwifhaqG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
30? yifvnfbl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;jrat; (Aef;armfa¶$ndK)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
31? azmif;jyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifaomif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
32? Aef;armuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;b+idrf;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
33? bkwvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;[Homjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
34? bkwvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;cifarmifat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 36 -
35? rHk¶Gm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;=unfpdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
36? rHk&Gm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;apmatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
37? rif;uif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;bdk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
38? jrif;rl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;bmbm/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
39? jrif;rl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wifaiG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
40? ajrmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;0if;&Sdef/ woDyk*~v?
41? ajrmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;rif;oGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
42? armfvdkuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;wifarmif0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
43? ,if;rmyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;Adkvfaomif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
44? ,if;rmyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wifxGef;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
45? a&OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;aX;armif (c) OD;oef;atmifaX;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
46? a&OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;0if;udk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
47? a&$bdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmatmifbdk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
48? a&$bdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;xGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
49? v[,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cydk;udkifvHk/ em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD?
50? av&SD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;a'G;aygh/ em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD?
51? 0ufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;xGef;+rdKif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
52? 0ufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a':cifpef;v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
53? 0ef;odk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a'gufwmatmifcif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
54? [krRvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;tkef;}udKif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 37 -
55? [krRvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;vSodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
56? t&mawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmaZmf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
57? t&mawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;Av/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
58? tif;awmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;apmv_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
(6) weoFm&Dwdkif;?
1? aumhaomif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;vSrif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
2? u|ef;pk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cifarmifOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
3? weoFm&D+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;0if;OD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
4? xm;0,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pdk;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
5? xm;0,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;rsdK;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
6? ykavm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;=unfa&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
7? bkwfjyif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;tkef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
8? +rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmf&Sdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
9? +rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;Om%fat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
10? a&jzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;wdk;ydk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
11? avmif;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSaz/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
12? avmif;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;csdef[if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
13? o&ufacsmif;+rdK@e,f - OD;wifjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
(7) yJcl;wdkif;?
1? u0jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmrsdK;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
2? u0+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;jrav;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 38 -
3? ausmufwHcg;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
4? ausmufwHcg;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifarmif}uD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
5? }udK@yifaumuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;at;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
6? }udK@yifaumuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;at;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
7? ausmuf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;OD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
8? ZD;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pHwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
9? anmifav;yif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;tkef;armif/ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
10? anmifav;yif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;xGef;ºuG,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
11? awmifil+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmifpdk;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pStzGJ@csKyf?
12? awmifil+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;!Gef@a0/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
13? xef;wyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cspfarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
14? 'dkufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;&JxGÉf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
15? 'dkufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdefxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
16? ewfwvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;tkef;aiG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
17? ewfwvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;apmpdefxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
18? yJcl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pdk;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD?
19? yJcl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;jrwfvS/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
20? jynf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - Adkvfrª;}uD;armiftkef;(jidrf;)/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD?
21? jynf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;aomif;pdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
22? yef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wiftkef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 39 -
23? yef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;odef;[ef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
24? aygufacgif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a'gufwmpdef0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD?
25? aygif;wnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;tkef;Edkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
26? aygif;wnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;at;oef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
27? jzL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
28? jzL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdk;armif/ trsdK;om;'Ddrdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
29? rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifhvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
30? rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a':vSvSrdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
31? rdk;ndK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
32? rdk;ndK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;xGef;a&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
33? a&wm&Snf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmausmfausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
34? a&wm&Snf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;xGef;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
35? a&$usif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdk;vGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
36? a&$awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;oef;ºuG,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
37? a&$awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ydkuf+cHK/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
38? vufyHwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmifjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
39? vufyHwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;!Gef@at;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
40? a0g+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifa&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
41? a0g+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdk;odef;(armif0Ho)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
42? oeyfyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;at;odef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
43? oeyfyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmaX;odef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 40 -
44? oJukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;at;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
45? oJukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;odef;xGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
46? om,m0wD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - aZ,sausmfxif'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;pH0if;(+idrf;)/

trsdK;om'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
47? om,m0wD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
48? tkwfzdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
49? tkwfzdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;omarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
50? tkwfwGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;odef;OD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD?
51? tkwfwGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;cifarmif0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
(8) rauG;wdkif;?
1? uHr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;jrifhatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
2? acsmufjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;jrifhodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
3? acsmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwm!Gef@pdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
4? *ef@a*g+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifxl;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
5? izJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;=unfvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
6? pvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wm/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
7? pvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;uHOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
8? apwkwW&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;tHh=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
9? qifaygif0J+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;[HaZmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
10? qdyfjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdk;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
11? aqm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;ausmw

f if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 41 -
12? awmifwGif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;odrf;=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
13? awmifwGif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmoef;Edkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
14? xD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;apm0if;(c)OD;ausmfaZmvif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
15? ewfarmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;AdkvfaxG;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
16? ewfarmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;atmifjrifhodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
17? yckuUL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwm=unfrif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
18? yckuUL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;v_difat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
19? yGifhjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmf&Sif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
20? yGifhjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmatmifrdk;ndK/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
21? ayguf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cifarmif=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
22? ayguf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;atmifEdkifOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
23? rauG;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
24? rauG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;atmifpdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
25? +rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;omatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
26? +rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;cspfaxG;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
27? rif;wkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
28? rif;bl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pdk;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
29? rif;bl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;vSpdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
30? rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cspfwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
31? +rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmifqef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 42 -
32? +rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;jrifhatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
33? a&p}udK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armfeD/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
34? a&p}udK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wifarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
35? a&eHacsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - ocif-cif!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
36? a&eHacsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;cifausmf[ef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
37? o&uf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cifarmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
38? atmifvH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;!Gef@v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
39? atmifvH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;odef;ZH/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
(9) rEWav;wdkif;?
1? ausmufqnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmifausmfOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
2? ausmufqnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ausmf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
3? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;AdkvfZH/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
4? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;aiGxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
5? pOfhuljrdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;apmaX;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
6? pOfhudkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmpdk;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
7? pOfhudkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmvSpdk;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
8? anmifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;csdK/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
9? anmifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;azwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
10? wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;at&m/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
11? wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;eD/ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
12? wyfukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;0rf;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 43 -
13? wyfukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;0if;v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
14? awmifom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cspfcdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
15? awmifom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;xGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
16? EGm;xdk;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;yef;om/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
17? EGm;xdk;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
18? ykodrf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;qef;!Gef@a0/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
19? ykodrf=uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;pHvSabmf(t+idrf;pm;)/

20? ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifhvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
21? ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
22? aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cifarmifndK/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
23? aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;vSaz/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
24? jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSapmOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
25? jyifOD;vGifjrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;yDwmvif;yif/ woD;yk*~v?
26? rvd_if+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;apma&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
27? rv_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifarmifjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
28? rdk;ukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a':arESif;=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
29? rdk;ukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;bdkvSwifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
30? rwW&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmatmifa0/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
31? rwW&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;vGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
32? rdxWDvm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - Adkvfrª;armifarmifjrifh(t+idrf;pm;)/ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 44 -
33? rdxWDvm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmodef;vGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
34? rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmpdk;vif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
35? rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;odef;OD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
36? rEWav;taemufajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifatmifatmif/

37? rEWav;taemufajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;atmifpdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
38? rEWav;ta&S@awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wif!Gef@(c)OD;xifausmf/

39? rEWav;ta&S@awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;tkef;}udKif(atmif0ifh)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
40? rEWav;ta&S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armifarmifat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
41? rEWav;ta&S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wifat;(t+idrf;pm;'kAdkvfrª;}uD;)/

42? jrif;+cH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;aygcif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
43? jrif;+cH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifarmif0if;(c)OD;0if;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
44? jrpfom;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a':tkef;=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
45? jrpfom;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmrsdK;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
46? &rnf;oif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armifarmifjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
47? &rnf;oif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifarmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
48? v,fa0;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifxGÉfOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
49? v,fa0;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;nDnDxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
50? 0rf;wGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmaomif;wif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
51? 0rf;wGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;vSatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 45 -
52? oydwfusif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;armf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
53? ommpnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;odrf;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
54? ompnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifarmifav;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
55? tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmaZmfjrifharmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
56? tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;bbGm;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
(10) rGefjynfe,f?
1? usdKufxdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;&JxGÉf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
2? usdKufxdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmat;ZH/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
3? usdKufra&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;jrifhodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
4? usdKufra&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;rif;cifarmif(c)Edkifcifarmif/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@?
5? acsmif;qHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmif=unf!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
6? acsmif;qHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a':cifaX;ºuG,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
7? aygif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;Om%f0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
8? aygif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - Edkifaomif;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
9? bD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armifarmifvwf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
10? bD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifarmif(opPm¶Sif)/ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
11? rk'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a':wifapmOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGH@csKyf?
12? rk'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmrif;=unf0if;/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@?
13? armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - Adkvfrª;}uD;vGef;wif(t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
14? armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;csrf;at;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 46 -
15? a&;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmrif;pdk;vif;/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@?
16? a&;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwm=uifodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
17? oxHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - cGefjrifhxGef;(armifjrifhxGef;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
18? oxHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
19? oHjzLZ&yf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armifarmif=uD;(t+idrf;pm;Adkvfrª;}uD;)/

20? oHjzLZ&yf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - EdkifxGef;odef;/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@?
(11) &cdkifjynfe,f?
1? ausmufawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmxGef;at;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
2? ausmufawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pHomatmif/ +rdK(ac:)crD trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@?
3? ausmufjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;qef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
4? ausmufjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wif}uD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
5? *G+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;nDyk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
6? ppfawG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;a&$,/ ureftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
7? ppfawG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pHxGef;(c)vljzL/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
8? awmifukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;ausmfcdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
9? aygufawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;boef;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
10? aygufawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;apmxGef;pdef/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
11? ykÀm;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifxGef;pdef/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
12? bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmfrif;(c)rmarmufa¶Smif¶_tmaemf*lvma[muf/

trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD?
13? bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wifarmif(c)Ek&ftmruf/
- 47 -
14? rif;jym;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armifjrifh/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
15? rif;jym;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;xGef;0if;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
16? armif;awm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;tDjAm[def;(c)OD;cspfvGif/

trsdK;om;vl@tcGifha&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD?
17? armifawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;azmfaZmftmarmuf/

18? rmefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;odef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
19? ajryHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;jzLpdefOD;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
20? ajrmufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?

OD;apmjratmif/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
21? ajrmufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;atmifvSZH/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
22? &aohawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armifºuGif;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
23? &aohawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;OD;omEdk@/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
24? &rf;+AJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;jrarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
25? oHwGJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;&D/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
26? trf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;ae0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
(12) &efukefwdkif;?
1? urm&Gwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;0ef (rif;ok0%f)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
2? aumhrª;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;baqG(ajrmif;jr-baqG)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
3? ausmufwHwm;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;wifpdk;(py,fOD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
4? ausmufwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmoef;+idrf;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 48 -
5? ausmufwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdk;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
6? =unfhjrifwdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;vSxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
7? uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;,k*ef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
8? udkudk;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;vSoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
9? c&rf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmfoGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
10? c&rf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;wifarmif0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
11? prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cifarmifaqG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
12? qdyfurf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a':pef;pef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
13? qdyf}uD;caemifwdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f – a'gufwmpdef0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
14? wmarG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
15? wmarG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;odef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
16? wGHaw;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;omqdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
17? wGHaw;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;jrv_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
18? wdkuf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
19? wdkuf=uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a':pefar(a&$ularESif;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
20? awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pdk;jrifh(c)ocifpdk;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
21? awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;cifarmifausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
22? xef;wyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;wifudkudk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
23? '*Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifaZmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
24? '*Hk+rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;tkef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
25? 'v+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdef0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 49 -
26? a'gyHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;jrarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
27? ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;Edkif;Edkif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
28? yef;bJwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;armifarmifatmif/

'Drdku&ufwpfwuUodkvfbGJ@&ESifhausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@?
29? A[ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;xGef;v_dif/ 'Drdkua&pDygwD?
30? A[ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;=unfarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
31? Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
32? r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmifa&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
33? r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmar0if;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
34? r*FvmawmifnGef@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmatmifcifqifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
35? r*FvmawmifnGef@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmoef;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
36? r*Fvm'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;=unf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
37? r*Fvm'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wifxGef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
38? ajrmufOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmoef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
39? ajrmufOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ausmf!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
40? arSmfbD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pdk;wif(c)OD;pdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
41? arSmfbD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;cifarmifxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
42? &efuif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a':cifat;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
43? a&$jynfom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdefvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
44? vom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;=unfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
45? v_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;a&$(t+idrf;pm;Adkvfrª;}uD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 50 -
46? v_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2) - OD;apmjrodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pdtzGJ@csKyf?
47? v_difom,m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - Adkvf}uD;oef;ºuG,f(t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
48? vSnf;ul;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;apmausmfpdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
49? vSnf;ul;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pHwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
50? vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;aeOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
51? omauw+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armifarmifvwf(a'gufwmvd_ifeD)/

52? omauw+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;tkef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
53? oCFef;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;odef;!Gef@(armifodef;!Gef@-aumhu&dwf)/

54? oCFef;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;jrifhodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
55? oHk;cG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vGif(Adkvfr_;}uD;armifvGif-t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
56? oHk;cG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
57? oHv#if+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwm0if;Edkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
58? oHv#if+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
59? tvHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a':pef;pef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
60? tif;pdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;xGef;v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
61? tif;pdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdefvSOD;(armifEG,fOD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
(13) &Srf;jynfe,f?
1? uavm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;jrifhoef;/ jynfaxmifpk"EktrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
2? uGef[def;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;vdyf(c)pJvdyf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 51 -
3? aus;oD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;wif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
4? uGwfcdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cGefqdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
5? uGwfcdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;tdkuf&D(c)OD;vS[ef/

wtmif;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
6? ausmufrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSaz(c)pdkif;z/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDzGJ@csKyf?
7? ausmufrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - pdkif;aqmifqD(c)e,fvfqif/

&Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
8? uGrf;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;&efusif;armf/ &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD?
9? usdKif;wHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pdkif;vHkausmuf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
10? usdKif;wkH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdkif;&Dwpf(yf)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
11? qDqdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdef0if;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf?
12? anmifa&$+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmOD;v_dif(c)OD;xGef;vd_if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
13? anmifa&$+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;tkef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
14? awmif}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmfcif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
15? awmif}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - cGefazaxG;(c)cGef&wema[m0f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
16? wef@,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cGef}uD;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
17? wef@,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;xGef;qm(c)pdkif;xGef;0if;/

&Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
18? wmcsDvdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pGHqdkif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
19? erfhpef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;wif0if;(c)OD;wif0if;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
20? erfhqef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;ausmf/ wtmif;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
21? erfhcrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;omat;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 52 -
22? aemifcsdK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;xGef;atmif(c)OD;xGef;xGef;[def;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
23? erRwl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a':ar+zdK;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
24? yif;w,+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
25? yifavmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;armif=uD;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf?
26? yifavmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;p0fomwifh/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
27? z,fcHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - cGefrm;&fudkbef/ u,ef;trsdKom;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@?
28? rdk;eJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cGefyGifh/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
29? armufr,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - pdkif;tGwf(c)pdkif;wifatmif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
30? rdkif;yef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;rdk;=unf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
31? rdkif;udkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;tGrf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
32? rdkif;¶SL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;0if;az(c)0if;az/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
33? rdkif;&,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;vS'if/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
34? rlq,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pdkif;vSaz/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
35? rlq,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdkif;armifav;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
36? rdk;rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a'gufwmtkef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
37? rbdrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cspfcif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
38? rdkif;ysif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;',feD&,fatmif/ vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@jzdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD?
39? rdkif;,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;EGHwpf(yf)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
40? rdkif;cwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;&SJefavG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
41? rdkif;wHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;ausmfpdef/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
42? rdkif;qwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;qef0kef;(c)OD;pdkif;bkef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 53 -
43? rdkif;a,mif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - pdkif;xGef;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
44? rdkif;jzwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;EGJ@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
45? &GmiH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;atmifodef;/ jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwD?
46? &yfapmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a'gufwmvS&Sdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
47? vGdKifvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;xGef;ausmf(c)xGef;ausmf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
48? vJcsm;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;omxGef;jr/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
49? vif;ac;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;xGef;atmif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
50? vm;¶_d;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pdkif;jrifharmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
51? vm;&_d;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;aX;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
52? odEDM+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pdkif;xGef;vl/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGH@csKyf?
53? oDayg+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - cGefxGef;OD;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
54? oDayg+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdkif;atmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
55? [dkyHk;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;pHvS/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf?
56? [dkyef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;cGefxGef;vl/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD?
(14) {&m0wDwdkif;?
1? usdKufvwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;oef;wif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
2? usdKufvwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wif0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
3? ausmif;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;apmvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
4? ausmif;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmvS0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
5? usHKaysmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ref;a*smfeD/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 54 -
6? usKHaysmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
7? =uHcif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - a'gufwm&Jjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
8? iykawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;a';ApfvSjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
9? iykawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmppfwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
10? ZvGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
11? ZvGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - Adkvfrª;}uD;=unf0if;(t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
12? anmifwkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmif}udKif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
13? anmifwkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ompdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
14? a';'&J+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmrsdK;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
15? a';'&J+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;xGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
16? "EkjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;0if;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
17? "EkjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;aomif;&D/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
18? ykodrftaemuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifacsm/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
19? ykodrftaemuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ausmfrif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
20? ykodrfta&S@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;!Gef@v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
21? ykodrfta&S@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;vS=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
22? yef;waemf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - a'gufwmwifrif;xGÉf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
23? yef;waemf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;ref;!Gef@odef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
24? zsmyHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;aomif;wif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
25? zsmykH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;rif;aqG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
26? bdkuav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;0if;}udKif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 55 -
27? bdkuav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmpdefjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
28? rtlyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;cspfoef;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD?
29? rtlyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;vSjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
30? armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSaz/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
31? armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;wifvS/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
32? ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;atmif=uif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
33? ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;pdk;rif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
34? jrefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
35? jrefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;jrifhod%f;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
36? a&=unf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1) - OD;!Gef@0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
37? a&=unf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;armifarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
38? vyGwWm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;=unf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
39? vyGwWm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmat;=uL/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
40? av;rsufESm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;pDarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
41? av;rsufESm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;qef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
42? 0g;c,fr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
43? 0g;c,fr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - Adkvfrª;}uD;oufa0(t+idrf;pm;)/

wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD?
44? omaygif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;vSjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
45? omaygif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;oef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
46? [oFmw+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;jroef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 56 -
47? [oFmw+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmaZmfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
48? t*Fyl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;jr0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
49? t*Fyl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - a'gufwmpef;atmif/ woD;yk*~v?
50? tdrfrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1) - OD;wifxGwf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
51? tdrfrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;jrifharmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
ÙÙÙÙÙ
jrefrmwjynfvHk;wGif pkpkaygif;rJqENe,f (492)e,fowfrSwfxm;cJhaomfvnf; ucsifjynfe,fwGif (1)

ae&mESifh ¶Srf;jynfe,fwGif (6)ae&m/ pkpkaygif;(7)ae&mwGif vHk+cHKa&;tajctaersm;a=umifha¶G;aumufyGJusif;
yjcif;rjyKvkyfEdkifcJhojzifh usef(485)ae&mtwGufomusif;yEdkifcJhonf? jynfe,fESifhwdkif;(14)ck¶Sd rJqENe,f
(485)ae&mwGif woD;yk*~v(87)OD;tygt0if udk,fpm;vS,favmif;(2296)OD;0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m woD;
yk*~v(6)OD;ESifhtrsdK;orD;(15)OD;tygt0if udk,fpm;vS,f(485)OD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf? jynfe,f
ESifhwdkif;tvdkuf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&olta&twGufrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf?
(1) ucsifjynfe,f 19 OD;?

(2) u,m;jynfe,f 8 OD;?
(3) u&ifjynfe,f 14 OD;?
(4) csif;jynfe,f 13 OD;?
(5) ppfudkif;wdkif; 58 OD;?
(6) weoFm&Dwdkif; 13 OD;?
(7) yJcl;wdkif; 51 OD;?
(8) rauG;wdkif; 39 OD;?
(9) rEWav;wdkif; 56 OD;?
(10) rGefjynfe,f 20 OD;?
(11) &cdkifjynfe,f 26 OD;?
(12) &efukefwdkif; 61 OD;?
(13) ¶Srf;jynfe,f 56 OD;?
(14) {&m0wDwdkif; 51 OD;?
a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onfh woD;yk*~vudk,fpm;vS,f(6)OD;rSm ² ² ²
(1) a'gufwmr_xef/ xefwvef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f/ csif;jynfe,f?

(2) OD;vseftkyf/ [m;cg;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f/ csif;jynfe,f?
(3) OD;odef;az/ uef@bvl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;?
(4) OD;0if;¶Sdef/ ajrmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;?
- 57 -
(5) OD;yDwmvif;yif/ jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ rEWav;wdkif;?
(6) a'gufwmpef;atmif/ t*Fyl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ {&m0wDwdkif;?
a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onfh trsdK;orD;udk,fpm;vS,f(15)OD;rSm ² ² ²
(1) a':pdefwif/ a¶$ul+rdK@e,frJqENe,f/ ucsifjynfe,f?

(2) eef;cifaxG;jrifh/ bm;tH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(3)/ u&ifjynfe,f?
(3) a':q,fq,f/ cEWD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f/ ppfudkif;wdkif;?
(4) a':cifpef;vd_if/ 0ufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;?
(5) a':vSvSrdk;/ rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ yJcl;wdkif;?
(6) a':arESifh=unf(c)a':eD/ rdk;ukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)/ rEWav;wdkif;?
(7) a':tkef;=unf/ jrpfom;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)/ rEWav;wdkif;?
(8) a':cifaX;ºuG,f/ acsmif;qHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ rGefjynfe,f?
(9) a':wifapmOD;/ rk'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)/ rGefjynfe,f?
(10) a':pef;pef;/ qdyfurf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f/ &efukefwdkif;?
(11) a':pefar(a¶$ularESif;)/ wdkuf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ &efukefwdkif;?
(12) a'gufwmar0if;jrifh/ r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ &efukefwdkif;?
(13) a':cifat;jrifh/ &efuif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f/ &efukefwdkif;?
(14) a':pef;pef;0if;/ tvHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f/ &efukefwdkif;?
(15) a':ar+zdK;/ erRwl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f/ ¶Srf;jynfe,f?
a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onfh trsdK;orD;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftm;vHk;onf trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=uolrsm;csnf;jzpfonf?
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJwGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfwpf0ef;vHk;Y a¶G;aumufyGJ

usif;ycJhonfh rJqENe,faygif;(485)e,fwGif rJqENe,fxuf0ufausmfwGif 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJhonfh EdkifiHa&;
ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;}uD;(4)zGJ@¶SdcJh&m tqdkygEdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;}uD;(4)zGJ@. a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&r_ tae
txm;rSm ² ² ²
pOf? EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;trnf a¶G;aumufyGJ &¶Sdaom a¶G;aumufcH&r_

0ifrJqENe,f udk,fpm;vS,f &mcdkifE_ef;
ta&twGuf
(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 447 392 87²69
(2) wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD 413 10 2²42
(3) 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf 309 - -
(4) jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwD 247 1 0²40
EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. tajctaerSm aumfr¶SifwGifrSwfyHkwifcJhonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@

tpnf;aygif; (235)zGJ@¶SdcJh&m/ ,if;wdk@teuf rdrdqENtav#mufzsufodrf;cJhonfh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(102)zGJ@/ Arm
jynfuGefjrLepfygwDESifh qufoG,fr_¶Sdojzifh zsufodrf;cHcJh&onfh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(3)zGJ@/ tenf;qHk;owfrSwfxm;
onfh rJqENe,f(3)e,fwGif 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifjcif;rjyKEdkifojzifh zsufodrf;cHcJh&onfh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(6)zGJ@/ a¶G;
aumufyGJvnf;r0if/ udk,fwdkifvnf;zsufodrf;ay;jcif;r¶Sdojzifh e0w. (1§90)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonfh ygwDtzGJ@
- 58 -
tpnf;(142)zGJ@/ a¶G;aumufyGJwGif0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKif+yD;rSy,fzsufcJhonfh ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(83)zGJ@¶SdcJhojzifh w&m;
0ifqufvuf&yfwnfaeonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(10)zGJ@om usef¶Sdawmhonf? ‚if;wdk@rSm ² ² ²
(1) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
(2) ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
(3) wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
(4) vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD
(5) +rdK(ac:)crD trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (r/ c/ r/ n/ z)
(6) jynfaxmifpkytdk0f;trsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf
(7) ¶Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
(8) jynfaxmifpku&iftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf
(9) udk;uef@'Drdkua&pDESifhnD!Gwfa&;ygwD
(10) ‘0’ trsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD wdk@jzpfonf?
tqdkyg EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(10)zGJ@wGif v$waf wmfudk,fpm;vS,f tenf;qHk;wOD;ESifhtxuf a¶G;
cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfh tzGJ@(7)zGJ@¶Sd+yD;/ (3)zGJ@rSm v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f wOD;wa,mufr# a¶G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif; rcH&onfhtzGJ@rsm;jzpfonf?
a&G;aumufyGJtwGuf EkdifiHawmfrSuscHokH;pGJonfhaiGrsm;?
aumfr&Sifonf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;twGuf óudwifjyifqifr_vkyfief;

rsm;ukd 1988 ckESpf pufwifbmvupIaqmif&GufcJhonf? a&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;teuf t"duvkyfief;rsm;
jzpfonfh pma&;ud&d,mrsm;0,f,ljzef@jzL;jcif;/ qENrJvufrSwfrsm;&kdufEdSyfjcif;/ qENjyKwHqdyfwkH;ESifh wHqdyf&dkuf
rifcHcGufrsm;0,f,ljcif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;/ nGef=um;csufrsm;/ &yfuGufESifh
aus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cJGrsm;. vkyfief;vrf;nGefESifh rJ&kHrSL;ESifhrJ&kHtzGJ@0ifrsm;twGufvrf;nGef ponfhpm
tkyfrsm;udk jyKpkykHESdyfjzef@a0jcif;/ rJ&kHaqmufvkyfjcif;/ rJykH;rsm;jyKvkyfjcif; ponfkwdk@twGuf ukefusp&dwfrsm;udk
vnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;udk jynfe,fokd@r[kwfwkdif;/ òrd@e,fpk/ òrd@e,f/ &yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk
aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;u taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmif&mwGif ukefusrnfhtokH;p&dwfrsm;ukdvnf;aumif;
EkdifiHawmf.b¾maiGrSuscHokH;pGJcJhonf? ,if;odk@uscHokH;pGJcJh&mwGifb¾mESpftvkdufukefusaiGrsm;udkatmufyg
twkdif;azmfjytyfygonf?
(1) 1988 - 89 b¾mESpf usyf 22˜26˜722 (1-10-88 rS 31-3-89)
(2) 1989 - 90 b¾mESpf usyf 1˜95˜78˜458 (1-4-89 rS 31-3-90)
(3) 1990 - 91 b¾mESpf usyf 1˜38˜13˜123 (1-4-90 rS 30-6-90)
cef@rSef;ukefusaiG pkpkaygif; ] usyf 3˜56˜18˜303
ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usif;y+yD;pD;jcif;?
Taumfr&Sifonf vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;

udk 1988 ckESpf pufwifbmvrSpIaqmif&GufcJhonf? ,if;odk@aqmif&Guf&mwGif acsmarmajyjypfonfhvkyfief;
rsm;&SdouJhokd@ tcdsK@vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf; EkdifiHa&;t&vnf;aumif;/ pDrHcef@cGJa&;t&vnf;aumif; óud;pm;ajz
&Sif;aqmif&ufcJh=uonf?
- 59 -
EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ,if;.pwkwœwm0eftjzpf vGwfvyfIw&m;r#w
aom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yay;&ef owfrSwfcJhonf? jynfolrsm;uvnf; vGwfvyfI
w&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudkusif;yay;&ef vkdvm;awmif;wcJh=uonf?
xkd@a=umifh aumfr&Sifonf rdrdtm;ay;tyfxm;onfh vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pD
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;usif;y&efwm0efukd vkyfief;tpDtpOfESifh tcsdfefZ,m;rsm;csrSwfum wqihf+yD;
wqifh twddtusatmifjrifpGmaqmif&GufI aemufqkH;yef;wkdifae@jzpfaom 1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 4 &uf
(1990 jynfhESpf/ arv 27 &uf)ae@wGif vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ
}uD;ukd atmifjrifpGmusif;yay;cJh+yD;jzpfonf? ,if;odk@atmifjrifpGmusif;ycJhjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;I jynfoltajrmuf
tjrm;uvnf;aumif;/ rJqENay;=uol rJqEN&Siftajrmuftjrm;uvnf;aumif;/ 0ifa&muf,SOf=uonfh
EkdifiHa&;ygwDtrsm;pkuvnf;aumif; vGwfvyfIw&m;r#wonf[k 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omcsD;usL;=uonftxd
omru ,cifu oHo,&Sdonf[ktwdtvif;xkwfazmfajymqkdcJh=uonfh EkdifiHjcm;tpdk;&rsm;/ EkdifiHjcm;
oHwrefrsm;ESifh EkdifiHjcm;owif;axmufrsm;ESifhEkdifiHjcm;owif;Xmersm;uyif vGwfvyfIw&m;r#wr_&Sdonf[k
vnf;aumif;/ pepfwus&Sdonf[kvnf;aumif; woHwnf;0efcHcsD;usL;cJh=uonf?
ÙÙÙÙÙ
“ 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifwGif

rSwfyHkwifcJhonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;?”
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif (26)ESpfwm wygwDpepfusif;oH;k cJh+yD;aemuf ygwDpHkpepfusifhoHk;&efjzpfvmonfhtcg

EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; zGJ@pnf;v_yf¶Sm;&mwGif pepfwus pnf;¶Hk;v_yf¶Sm;Edkifa&;twGuf EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yf
ydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@rS EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya'udk 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (27)&ufae@
wGif jyXmef;ay;cJhonf?
EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;udk jyXmef;+yD;onfhaemuf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxG
axGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS ,if;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD a¶G;aumufyGJY0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifvdk
aom EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@rSpIrSwfyHkwifcGifhjyKcJh&m
aemufqHk;rSwfyHkwifcGifhjyK&efjzpfonfh 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28)&ufae@txd (5)vcef@twGif; rSwfyHkwif
cJh=uonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf?
Ù a¶G;aumufyGJwGif0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh+yD; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftenf;qHk;wOD;ESifhtxuf a¶G;cs,fwif

ajr‡mufcHcJh&onfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;?
(1) 'Drdkua&pDygwD
Democracy Party (DP)
¡ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (1)OD; a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf? ¢
rSwfyHkwifae@pGJ ² ² ² 30-9-88
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² armif;
- 60 -
¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@
trSwf(7§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢
(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
National League for Democracy (NLD)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² carmuf
¡ ,ae@wdkif w&m;0if &yfwnfv#uf¶Sdonf? ¢
(3) 'Drdku&ufwpfwuUodkvfbGJ@&ESifhausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@
Graduates and Old Students Democratic Association
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² vufqGJrD;tdrf
(4) &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
Arakan League for Democracy (ALD)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² qDrD;cGuf
¡ 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (6)&ufae@wGif aumfr¶SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢
(5) wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
National Unity Party (NUP)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² pyg;ESH
(6) rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@
Mon National Democratic Front (MNDF)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² ae=umyef;yGifh
(7) ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf
Zomi National Congress (ZNC)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² aomhcavmuf
(8) csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
- 61 -
Chin National League for Democracy (CNLD)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² aomhwGJ
(9) rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@
Patriotic Old Comrades League (POCL)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² ykavG
(10) ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² tdk;pnf
(11) em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufzGH@+zdK;a&;ygwD
Naga Hills Regional Progressive Party (NHRPP)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² av,mOfysH
(12) u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
Kayah State All Nationalities League for Democracy (KNLD)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² a&wGif;
(13) ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf
Kachin State National Congress for Democracy (KNCD)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² acgif;avmif;
(14) u&ifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf
Karen State Nationals Organization (KSNO)
- 62 -
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² wa,m
¡ 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;onf? ¢
(15) jynfaxmifpkytdk0fhtrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf
Union Paoh National Organization (UPNO)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² o&ufoD;wGJoHk;vHk;
(16) trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
National Democratic Party for Human Rights (NDPHR)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² armfawmfum;
(17) wtm0f;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
Ta-ang (Palaung) National League for Democracy (TNLD)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² vufzuf&nf=urf;tdk;
(18) ¶Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
Shan State Kokang Democratic Party (SSKDP)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² uwfa=u;
(19) jynfaxmifpk"EktrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
Union Danu League for Democracy (UDLD)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² aowWm
(20) ureftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
Kamans National League for Democracy (KNLD)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² vufqGJjcif;
- 63 -
(21) u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@
Democratic Organization for Kayan National Unity (DOKNU)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² z¶HkoD;
(22) r&mjynfol@ygwD
Mara People's Party (MPP)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² aumufvd_if;txHk;
(23) jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwD (,ltifef'DyD)
Union Nationals Democracy Party (UNDP)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² csdefcGif
(24) +rdK(ac:)crD trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@(r/ c/ r/ n/ z)
Mro or Khami National Solidarity Organization (MKNSO)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² a&bHkbdkif
(25) vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD
Lahu National Development Party (LNDP)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² aq;wH
(26) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD
Party for National Democracy (PND)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² ESJ
- 64 -
¡ 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;
aumfr¶SifrS EdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpfrSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsufa=umif; a=unmcsuftrSwf(902)jzifh
xkwfjyefa=unmonf? ¢
(27) jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
United Nationalities League for Democracy (UNLD)
a¶G;aumufyGJ0ifoauFw ² ² ² qdkif;0dkif;
Ù a¶G;aumufyGJwGif0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh+yD; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwOD;r# a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;rcH&

aom EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;?
(1) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDygwD
People's Democratic Party
¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@
(2) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mr[mrdwfvli,frsm;tpnf;t¶Hk;
All Burma United Youths Organization
¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg trdef@
(3) nD!Gwfa&;ESifhzGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD
Unity and Development Party
¡ EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (13)&ufae@&ufpGJyg
trdef@ trSwf(5§92)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢
(4) zufqpfqef@usifa&;/ jynfol@vGwfvyfa&;tzGJ@csKyf (z-q-y-v)
Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL)
¡ 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢
(5) trsdK;om;jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)
Democratic Front for National Reconstruction (Union of Burma)
(6) jrefrmEdkifiHnD!Gwfa&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
Burma United Democratic Party
(7) trsdK;om;+idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh'Drdkua&pDygwD
National Peace and Democracy Party
(8) jynfaxmifpku&iftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf
- 65 -
Union Karen League
(9) vl@abmifopf'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
Democratic Party for New Society (D.P.N.S.)
¡ 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (6)&ufae@wGif aumfr¶SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢
(10) jynfol@&JabmftzGJ@csKyf (ArmEdkifiH)
People's Volunteer Organization (Burma)
(11) ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
The Kachin State National Democratic Party
(12) jynfcspfvli,frsm;tpnf;t¶Hk;
Patriotic Youth Organization
(13) jrefrmEdkifiH'Drdku&ufwpfjynfol@tiftm;tzGJ@csKyf
All Burma Democratic People's Power Organization
(14) trsdK;om;wdk;wufa&;vli,ftzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH)
National Progressive Youth of Burma
(15) 'Drdku&ufwpfavbmygwD (jrefrmjynf)
Democratic Labour Party (Burma)
(16) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH z-q-y-v A[dktzGJ@csKyf
Union of Burma (Main) AFPFL (Hq)
¡ 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (31)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumf
r¶SifrS a=unmcsuftrSwf(906)jzifh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpfrSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢
(17) ¶Srf;jynfwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
Democratic League for the National Races of the Shan State
(18) trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;uGef*&uf
United National Congress
¡ 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (30)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;onf? ¢
(19) 'Drdku&ufwpfvl@tcGifhta&;ygwD
Democratic Human Rights Party
¡ 1991 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (19)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢
- 66 -
(20) rsdK;cspf'Drdku&ufwpfvli,fwyfaygif;pk (jrefrmEdkifiH)
Patriotic Democratic Youth Front (Burma)
¡ 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (11)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;
aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcsuftrSwf(911)jzifh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpfrSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;rS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢
(21) awmifolv,form;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (w/ v/ p/ n)
Peasants' Unity Organization
¡ 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27)&ufae@wiG f rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;onf? ¢
(22) vli,fpnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@
Youth Unity Organization
(23) tvkyform;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (v/ p/ n)
Workers' Unity Organization
(24) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mtrsdK;om;rsm;wdk;wufa&;'Drdkua&pDygwD
All Burma National Progressive Democracy Party
(25) vli,fnD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)
Youths' Solidarity Front (Union of Burma)
¡ 1991 ckESpf/ arv (8)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢
(26) ¶Srf;trsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;a&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)
Shan National Development Democratic Party (Union of Burma)
(27) 'Drdkua&pDjrwfEdk;aomjynfolrsm;tzGJ@csKyf ('-r-y-z)
Democratic People's League (DPL)
(28) jrefrmtrsdK;orD;wdk;wufa&;or*~ (A[dkXmecsKyf)
Union for the Improvement of Burma Women (Central Headquarters)
(29) jynfol@pGrf;tm;ygwD
Peoples Power Party (PPP)
¡ 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#ufzsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢
(30) jynfaxmifpkwnfwHhcdkif+rJa&;ygwD (y-w-c)
Union Stability Party (USP)
(31) &cdkifwdkif;&if;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@csKyf (&-w-n)
The Arakan National Unity Organization (ANUO)
- 67 -
(32) trsdK;om;+idrf;csrf;a&;ygwD
National Peace Party (NPP)
(33) vGwfvyfaomjrefrmEdkifiHjynfolrsm;tzGJ@csKyf
Free People League of Burma
¡ 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (27)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;onf? ¢
(34) ucsifwuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;OD;aqmifaomucsifvli,ftzGJ@
Union of Kachin Youth Led by Kachin University Students (UKY)
¡ 1991 ckESpf/ arv (23)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢
(35) &cdkifvlrsdK;pkrsm;'Drdkua&pDygwD
Arakan Nationalities Democracy Party
(36) zufqpfqef@usifa&;jynfol@vGwfvyfa&;rlvtzGJ@csKyf (z-q-y-v rlvtzGJ@csKyf)
Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (Original) (Hq); AFPFL (Original) (Hq)
(37) awmifolv,form;or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)
League of Peasants' Unions (Union of Burma)
(38) tvkyform;nD!Gwfa&;or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)
United Trade Union Congress (Union of Burma)
(39) ar,kzGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf (tm&fumef)
Students and Youths League for Mayyu Development (Arakan)
¡ 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (18)&ufae@wGif aumfr¶SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢
(40) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHnD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (y-n-'-z)
Union of Burma Unity Democracy League (RUDL)
(41) awmifolv,form; u'l;/ ueef;ESifh ¶Srf;trsdK;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
(Aef;armuf+rdK@)
Farmer, Gadu, Ganan and Shan National Unity Democratic Headquarters
(Banmauk Myo)
(42) udk;uef@'Drdkua&pDESifhnD!Gwfa&;ygwD
- 68 -
Kokang Democracy and Unity Party
(43) 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf ('D§+idrf;)
League for Democracy & Peace (LDP)
(44) awmifolv,form;wdk;wufzGH@+zdK;a&;ygwD
Peasants' Development Party (PDP)
(45) ¶Srf;jynfe,fucsiftrsdK;om;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
Shan State Kachin Democratic Party
(46) ucsiftrsdK;om;vHk;qdkif&muGef*&uf
Kachin National Congress (KNC)
¡ 1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (27)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢
(47) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkb0opfxlaxmifa&;ygwD (XmecsKyf)
National Ethnic Reformation Party (Headquarters)
(48) jynfol@a¶S@aqmifygwD (y-&-y)
People's Pioneer Party (PPP)
(49) trsdK;om;ygwD (t-r-y)
Amyothar Party (AP)
(50) rsdK;qufopftm;rmefvli,fhwyfOD;
The Might of New Generation Youth Front (Burma)
¡ 1990 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (9)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢
(51) ‘0’trsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD
Wa National Development Party
(52) vDql;trsdK;om;aoG;pnf;cdkifrma&;tzGJ@ (v-r-o-z)
Lisu National Solidarity (LNS)
(53) u&iftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf (u-'-w)
Karen National Congress for Democracy (KNCD)
- 69 -
(54) tif;trsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf
Inn-Tha National Organization
¡ 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (27)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢
(55) &cdkiftrsdK;om;vlr_b0jr‡ifhwifa&;tzGJ@
The Rakhine National Humanitarian Development Organization
(56) wdkif;&if;EG,fzGm;yl;aygif;a&;ygwD
Indigenous Race Collaboration Party
(57) jynfaxmifpkjynfol@b0ESifh'Drdkua&pDygwD
Union People's Future and Democracy Party
(58) jynfaxmifpk'Drdkua&pDygwDrsm;tzGJ@csKyf
United League of Democratic Parties
¡ 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (19)&ufae@wGif rdrdwdk@qENtav#muf zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢
(59) uGefjrLepfqef@usifa&;/ qdk¶S,fvpfqef@usifa&;/ tm%m¶Sifqef@usifa&;/ vGwfvyfaom'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyf
Anti-Communist, Anti-Socialist, Anti-Totalitarian Free Democracy League
(60) trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;wyfaygif;pk(vli,f)
National Politics Front (Youth)
(61) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk (y-'-w)
Union of Burma Democratic Front
(62) 'Drdkua&pDr[mrdwfrsm;tzGJ@csKyf ('-r-z)
League of Democratic Allies
(63) &cdkifjynfol@'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk
Arakan People's Democratic Front
¡ 1991 ckESpf/ arv (13)&ufae@wGif aumfr¶SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢
(64) jynfol@awmifolv,form;or*~(jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)
People's Peasants Union (Union of Burma)
- 70 -
(65) trsdK;om;a&;yuwdvrf;pOfOD;aqmiftiftm;pktzGJ@csKyf
Leading Strength of National Realism Central
¡ 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (25)&ufae@wGif aumfr¶SifrS y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢
(66) 'Drdkua&pDjrwfEdk;aomjynfolrsm;r[mrdwftzGJ@}uD; ('-r-r-z)
Democratic Allies' League (DAL)
Ù aumfr¶SifwGifrSwfyHkwifcJh+yD; a¶G;aumufyGJrwdkifrD ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;a=umifh rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;rSy,fzsuf

cJhonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;?
(1) jynfol@vli,ftzGJ@csKyf(jrefrmEdkifiH)
People's Youth Federation (Burma)
(2) jrefrmjynf'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
Burma Democratic Party
(3-11-89 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;. qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHkwifxm;
jcif;udk y,fzsufcJhonf?)
(3) jynfaxmifpk+idrf;csrf;a&;'Drdkua&pDygwD
United Peace Democratic Party
(4) 'Drdkua&pDxGef;um;a&;tzGJ@
Democracy Development Organization
(11-12-89 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;. qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHkwif
xm;jcif;udk y,fzsufcJhonf?)
(5) 'Drdkua&pDwdk;wufa&;r[mrdwfygwD
Democratic Progress Allied Party
(23-11-89 &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftm;vHk;. qENoabmxm;t& rSwfyHkwif
xm;jcif;udk y,fzsufcJhonf?)
(6) vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf
The League for Human Rights & Peace
(7) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mtrsdK;om;vli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf
All Burma National Youths League
(8) jrefrmjynfwdk;wufa&;vli,ftzGJ@csKyf
Youth Union for Burma's Progress
(9) jynfol@vGwfvyfr_ESifhwdk;wufr_cdkif+rJa&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
People's Democratic Party for Stability of Freedom & Development
(10) jynfol@wdk;wufa&;ESifhvGwfajrmufa&;'Drdkua&pDwyfOD;
- 71 -
People's Progressive and Freedom Democracy Front
(11) a¶S@aqmiftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD
Forward National Democracy Front
(12) 'Drdkua&pDESifhvl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@
Democracy and Human Rights Organization (D-H-O)
(13) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH+idrf;csrf;a&;ESifhpD;yGm;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD
The Peace and Economic Development Party of Union of Burma
(14) ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pDpepftzGJ@ (p-'-p)
Real Democracy System Party
(15) jynfaxmifpkwdk;wufzGH@+zdK;a&;tzGJ@(jrefrmEdkifiH)
Federal Development Organization (Burma)
(16) jynfol@ausmif;om;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
People's Student Democratic Party
(17) wdk;wufaom'Drdku&ufwpfvli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf(jrefrmEdkifiH)
Progressive Democratic Youth League (Burma)
(18) vpfb&,f'Drdkua&pDygwD
Liberal Democracy Party
(19) ArmhrsdK;cspfvli,ftpnf;t¶Hk;
Association of Burma Patriotic Youth
(20) 'Drdku&ufwpfvli,frsm;tzGJ@(rGefjynfe,f)
Democratic Youth Organization (Mon State)
(21) jynfol@aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;ESifhv_yf¶Sm;r_ygwD
People's Solidarity and Action Party
(22) 'Drdkua&pDorRwEdkifiHwnfwHha&;wyfOD;
Democratic Republican Front (Burma)
(23) jynfaxmifpkvli,fausmif;om;rsm;aygif;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@
Youth and Student Union Association
(24) &cdkifjynfnD!Gwfa&;ESifh'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@
Rakhine Unity and Democracy Association
(25) vlrsdK;aygif;pHkcspf=unfa&;toif;(jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)
Society for International Friendship (Union of Burma)
¡ jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f tenf;qHk;(3)e,fwGif0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifjcif;rjyKonfhtwGuf EdkifiHawmf
+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg trdef@trSwf
(2§90)jzifh zsufodrf;cJhonf? ¢
(26) ae¶Sife,fygwD
National Party
(27) &cdkifjynfol@nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@
Arakan People's United Organization
(28) nD!Gwfa&;ESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;ygwD
Party for Unity and Peace
(29) 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;om,ma&;tzGJ@(jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)
Organization of Peace and Welfare for Democracy (Union of Burma)
(30) jynfaxmifpkvli,fygwD
Union Youth Party
- 72 -
(31) ausmif;om;rsm;'Drku
d a&pDta&;awmfyHkygwD
Students' Revolutionary Party for Democracy (SRDP)
(32) vGwfvyfaom'Drdku&ufwpfjynfaxmifpkygwD
Independent Democratic Union Party
(33) ¶Srf;jynfajrmufydkif;vli,frsm;nD!Gwfa&;ESifhzGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;tzGJ@
Northern Shan State Youth Unity and Development Organization
(34) vli,f'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
Democratic Party for Youth Society
(35) 'Drdkua&pD,Hk=unfolrsm;aygif;pnf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf
Faithful Democratic Federation (F.D.F.)
(36) ¶Srf;jynfe,fvHk;qdkif&m'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
Shan State Democratic Party
(37) trsdK;om;tusdK;aqmiftzGJ@
National Promotion Forum
(38) vGwfvyfaomjynfol@ygwD
Liberal People's Party
(39) EdkifiHopf'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
League for New State Democracy
(40) rsdK;cspf+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf
Patriotic League for Peace
(41) awmifwef;om;rsm;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
Highlander's Democratic Party
(42) &cdkiftrsdK;om;rsm;vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@
Arakanese Peace & Human Rights Party
(43) vlrsdK;pkaygif;pnf;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD
Federal Republic Development Party
(44) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfjynfol@+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@
People's Peace Organization of Union of Burma
(45) jrefrmjynftusdK;jyKygwD
Party for National Development
(46) trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;ausmif;om;vli,ftzGJ@
Organization of Students and Youth for National Politics
(47) jrefrmEkdifiHowif;axmufrsm;toif;
Burma Reporters' Association
(48) jrefrmjynfopfygwD
New Burma Party
(49) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnD!GwfaomvlrsdK;pkrsm;tzGJ@csKyf
- 73 -
The Union of All Burma United Nationalities
(50) 'Drdku&ufwpfvli,fnD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@csKyf
United Democratic Youth League
(51) trsdK;om;+idrf;csrf;om,ma&;ygwD (r-i-o-y)
National Peace and Comfort Party
(52) 'Drdkua&pDopfygwD
New Democracy Party
(53) vlr_pepfqdkif&mtawG;tac:opfrsm;xGef;um;a&;ygwD
New Ideology Improvement Party for Social System
(54) jynfol@wdk;wufa&;ygwD/ &efukef+rdK@?
People's Progressive Party
¡ EdkifiHawmftm; vufeufpGJudkifIawmfvSefykefuefaeaom ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD aomif;usef;ol
tzGJ@tpnf;. ajray:tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfa=umif; awG@¶Sd&onfhtwGuf aumfr¶Sifu 1989 ckESpf/ pufwif
bmv (19)&ufae@ &ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(315)xkwfjyefI y,fzsufcJhonf? ¢
(55) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH'Drdku&ufwpftzGJ@csKyf
Union of Burma Democratic League
(56) jynfol@qENpdk;rdk;a&;tzGJ@csKyf
Rule of People's Democracy League
(57) t+rJpdrf;vli,frsm;tzGJ@/ rHk¶Gm+rdK@?
Ever Green Young Men Association
(58) jynfaxmifpk'Drdku&ufwpfuGef*&uf
Union Democratic Congress
(59) rdcif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
League for Mother Democracy
(60) 'Drdkua&pDjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;tzGJ@
Democracy Reformation League
(61) jynfol@'Drdkua&pD¶Sifoefa&;tzGJ@csKyf
League for the Vitality of People's Democracy
(62) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwdkif;&if;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@csKyf
National Solidarity League, Union of Burma
(63) &cdkifvlrsdK;pkrsm;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
Rakhine Races United Democratic Party (RRUDP)
(64) w&m;r#wr_ygwD
Justice Party
(65) trsdK;om;}uHhcdkifa&;ESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;ygwD
National Fitness and Peace Party
(66) trsdK;om;orRmorRwtzGJ@csKyf
- 74 -
National Republican Federation (NRF)
(67) ppfrSefaomtrsdK;om;'Drdku&ufwpfvli,ftzGJ@
Genuine National Democratic Youth Organization
(68) &DywfAvpfuifygwD
Republican Party
(69) 'Drdkua&pDnD!Gwfa&;wyfOD;
United Democratic Front (UDF)
(70) awmifolv,form;ygwD (Armjynf)
Peasant Party (Burma)
(71) tvkyform;ygwD (Armjynf)
Labour Party (Burma)
(72) ¶Srf;jynfe,fvHk;qdkif&mvli,fausmif;om;rsm;+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@csKyf
League for Peace of All Shan Youth & Students
(73) b0opfygwD
The New Life Party
(74) trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;wyfaygif;pk (r-e-w)/ rEWav;+rdK@?
National Politics Front (NPF)
(75) jynfaxmifpkzGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ESifhw&m;r#wa&;v_yf¶Sm;r_ygwD (y-z-w-v)
Union Progress and Justice Action Party (UPJAP)
(76) vrf;!$ef'Drdkua&pDygwD
Guidance Democracy Party (GDP)
(77) nD!Gwfa&;tiftm;pktzGJ@
United Force Party
(78) 'Drdkua&pDv_yf¶Sm;r_ygwDjrefrmjynf
Democratic Action Party of Burma (DAB)
(79) zufqpfqef@usifa&;/ jynfol@vGwfvyfa&; rlvvli,ftzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH)
Youth Organization of Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (Original) (Burma) (HQ)
(80) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mvli,frsm;tpnf;t¶Hk;(XmecsKyf) (A-v-p)
All Burma Youth League (Hqrs) (ABYL)
(81) jynfaxmifpkvlrsdK;pkrsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH)
Union National League (Burma)
(82) trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pD/ +idrf;csrf;a&;ESifhaoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (r-'-i-o-n)
National Democratic Peace and Solidarity Party (NDPSP)
(83) awmifolv,form;ESifhtvkyform; zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (v-t-z-')
Peasants and Workers Development Democracy League (PWDDL)
(84) jynfol@w&m;r#wa&;ygwD (jrefrmjynf)
People's Justice Party (Burma)
(85) 'Drdkua&pDacwfopfwnfaqmufa&; awmifolv,form;/ tvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf
(jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)
Peasants & Workers League for Democratic New-Construction (Union of Burma)
(86) aoG;opfvli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH)
- 75 -
League of New Generations (Union of Burma)
(87) jrefrmjynfvGwfvyfr_xGef;um;a&;tzGJ@csKyf (r-v-x)
Burma's League for Liberal Evolution
(88) &uQdKifausmif;om;vli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf
League for Arakan Students and Youths
(89) 'Drdkua&pDwnfaqmufa&;jynfol@wyfOD;
People's Front for Democracy Construction
(90) jynfcspf'Drdkua&pDygwD (y-'-y)
Patriotic Democracy Party (PDP)
(91) wdk;wufaomjrefrmjynfopfygwD
Progressive New Burma Party (PNBP)
(92) jynfaxmifpk.ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pDygwD (jrefrmEdkifiH)
Union's Genuine Democracy Party (Burma)
(93) 'Drdkua&pDygwDpHknD!Gwfa&;!Gef@aygif;tzGJ@csKyf
Coalition League for Democratic Party Unity
(94) ytdk0f;trsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;tzGJ@
Pa-O National Development Organization
(95) r[mrdwf'Drdkua&pDXmecsKyf
League for Democracy Alliance
(96) uluD;csif;trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (u-r-p-y)
Kuki Chin National Unity Party (KCNUP)
(97) 'Drdku&ufwpfjynfolrsm;ESifh0efxrf;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf ('-y-x-c)
Democratic People and Retired Personnel Organization (DPRPO)
(98) jrefrmjynfvltrsm;aumif;pm;a&;ygwD (qifjzLu|ef;+rdK@)
Burma People's Welfare Party (Sinbyugyun)
(99) jynfol@tiftm;'Drdku&ufwpfvli,ftzGJ@csKyf
People's Potential Democratic Youth League
(100) ppfrSefyGifhvif;Iw&m;r#waom'Drdku&ufwpfygwD (jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH)
Real, Peace [Open], Just-Democratic Party (Union of Burma)
(101) 'Drdkua&pDvlr_0ef;usifopfwnfaqmufa&;ygwD ({&m0wDwdkif; - ykodrf+rdK@)
Democracy New Building Social Milieu Party (Bassein-Irrawaddy Division)
(102) tm;rmefopf'Drdku&ufwpfr[mrdwfygwD
New Strength Democratic Allied Party
(103) awmifydkif;csif;'Drdkua&pDygwD (w-c-'-y)
Southern Chin Democracy Party (SCDP)
(104) vli,fausmif;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk
Youth and Students Democracy Forces
(105) rsdK;cspfjynfol@ygvDrefygwD
Patriotic People's Parliamentary Party
(106) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDw&m;r#wa&;tzGJ@csKyf
National League for Democracy Justice (NLDJ)
(107) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mvGwfvyfaomtrsdK;orD;tpnf;t¶Hk; (A-v-r-p)
All Burma Liberated Women's Organization
(108) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH z-q-y-v A[dkvli,ftzGJ@csKyf
- 76 -
(Main) AFPFL Youth Hqs
(109) t¶_dcsif;trsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;a&;tzGJ@csKyf (t-r-z-c)
Asho-Chin National Development League (ANDL)
(110) bufrvdkufjynfol@'Drdkua&pDygwD (b-y-'-y)
Non-Aligned People's Democracy Party
(111) rdcifjrefrmjynftzGJ@
Mikhin Bama Pyi Aphwe
(112) trsdK;om;pD;yGm;ukefoG,fa&;tzGJ@csKyf (p-y-u-o)
National Economic League for Trade
(113) trsdK;om;wdk;wufa&;qdk¶S,fvpftzGJ@csKyf
National Progressive Socialist League (NPSL)
(114) &ifhusufaom'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
Matured Democratic Party (MDP)
(115) jynfol@ygwD
People's Party
(116) jynfaxmifpkygwD (y-x-y)
Union Party (UP)
(117) z'&,f'Drdku&ufwpfygwD (z-'-y)
Federal Democratic Party (FDP)
(118) a¶S;¶dk;pOfvmjynfjrefrmtzGJ@
Conservative Party Burma
(119) trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;trsdK;orD;tiftm;pk
National Politics Women Force (NPWF)
(120) trsdK;om;pD;yGm;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;tiftm;pk
National Economic Development Force (NEDF)
(121) trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;v,form;tiftm;pk
National Politics Peasant Force (NPPF)
(122) trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;tvkyform;tiftm;pk
National Politics Labour Force (NPLF)
(123) trsdK;om;a&;'Drdkua&pDwnfaqmufr_ygwDXmecsKyf (r-'-w-y)
National Democracy Establishment Party (Central) (NDEP)
(124) rsdK;cspfwdkif;&if;aq;ynm¶Sifrsm;tzGJ@csKyf
Patriotic Indigenous Physicians League
(125) 0HomEkpdwf"mwfjyefvnfxGef;um;a&;ygwD (0-y-y)
Esprit de Corps Restoration Party
(126) jynfol@owif;axmufrsm;toif; (jrefrmEdkifiH)
Peoples' Reporters Association (Burma) (PRA)
- 77 -
(127) trsdK;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk (r-n-w)
National Solidarity Front
(128) trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;'Drdku&ufwpfvli,frsm;tzGJ@ (t-e-'-v)
Organization of Democratic Youth for National Politics
(129) 0HomEkvli,fygwD
Patriotic Youth Party
(130) jynfaxmifpkom;rsm;ygwD
The Party of the Nationalities
(131) rsdK;cspfvuf¶Hk;ygwD
Patriotic Force Party
(132) csif;trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
Chin National Unity Party
(133) 'Drdkua&pD¶Sifoef}uD;xGm;a&;or*~ ('-&-o)
Union for Revival and Development of Democracy (URDD)
(134) trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;ESifhvli,fopfygwD
National Unity and New Youth Party (NUNP)
(135) aoG;pnf;cdkifrma&;wyfaygif;pk
Unification and Reinforcement Front
(136) jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkygwD
People's Revolution Party (PRP)
(137) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmifolv,form;A[dktzGJ@csKyf
Union of Burma (Main) Peasant Organization (Headquarters)
(138) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtvkyform;A[dktzGJ@csKyf
Union of Burma (Main) Labour Organization (Headquarters) (also called Union of
Burma Workers Central Headquarters)
(139) csif;trsdK;om;vli,ftzGJ@
Chin National Young Men's Organization
(140) e*g;eDygwD (jrefrmjynf)
Congress (D) Party (Burma) (also called Nagani Party (Burma))
(141) jynfaxmifpk'Drdkua&pDnD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (y-'-n-z)
Union Democracy Unity Organization
(142) tvkyform;tpnf;t¶Hk;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (ArmEdkifiH) wD-,l-pD-bD
Trade Union Congress (Burma)
(143) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mawmifolv,form;tpnf;t¶Hk; XmecsKyf (A-w-v-p)
All Burma Peasant Organization
ÙÙÙÙÙ
a¶G;aumufyGJcHk¶Hk;rsm;wGif uef@uGufv$m wifoGif;jcif;ESifh ppfaq;jcif;?
1990 jynfhESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGif usif;y+yD;pD;cJhonfh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJwGif

jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&olrsm;tm; ¶_H;edrfhv$wfawmfudk,fpm;
- 78 -
vS,favmif;tcsdK@ESifh rJqEN¶SiftcsdK@u oufqdkif&modk@ uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ojzifh ppfaq;cJhonfhtr_aygif;
rSm(11)r_¶Sdonf? ,if;(11)r_tm; a¶G;aumufyGJcHk¶Hk;(5)ckwGif =um;emppfaq;cJhonf?
=um;emppfaq;onfhcHktzGJ@rsm;rS tzGJ@0ifrsm;rSm ² ² ²
cHktzGJ@ (1)
OuUX ² ² ² OD;wiftkef;/ !$ef=um;a&;rª;(t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkOya'¶Hk;
tzGJ@0if ² ² ² OD;cifarmif/ !$ef=um;a&;rª;(t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkw&m;¶Hk;
OD;jrifhxGef;/ 'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;rª;(t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkw&m;¶Hk;
cHktzGJ@ (2)
OuUX ² ² ² OD;oef;wif/ w&m;a&;t}uHay;(t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkw&m;¶Hk;
tzGJ@0if ² ² ² OD;xGef;¶Sdef/ 'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;rª;/ A[dkw&m;¶Hk;
OD;pdk;armif/ !$ef=um;a&;rª;/ 0efxrf;a&;&mOD;pD;Xme
cHktzGJ@ (3)
OuUX ² ² ² OD;boef;/ w&m;ol}uD;(t+idrf;pm;)/ w&m;¶Hk;csKyf
tzGJ@0if ² ² ² OD;pdefxGef;/ wdkif;wm0efcH(t+idrf;pm;)/ Oya'0efxrf;
OD;tkef;oef;/ !Gef=um;a&;rª;(t+idrf;pm;)/ 0efxrf;a¶G;cs,favhusifha&;tzGJ@
cHktzGJ@ (4)
OuUX ² ² ² OD;vSaomif;/ Oya'0efxrf;tqifh(1)(t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkOya'¶Hk;
tzGJ@0if ² ² ² OD;cifarmifOD;/ Oya'0efxrf;tqifh(1)(t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkOya'¶Hk;
OD;cspfaqmif/ !Gef=um;a&;rª;(t+idrf;pm;)/ w&m;¶Hk;csKyf
cHktzGJ@ (5)
OuUX ² ² ² OD;oef;armif/ 'kwd,twGif;0ef(t+idrf;pm;)/ umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme
tzGJ@0if ² ² ² OD;atmif=unf/ w&m;a&;t}uHay;(t+idrf;pm;)/ A[dkw&m;¶Hk;
OD;azodef;/ w&m;a&;0efxrf;tqifh(1)(t+idrf;pm;)/ w&m;¶Hk;csKyf
uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;xm;onfh tr_(11)r_rSm ² ² ²
(1) OD;*sDabmifvSef;
ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf
csDazG+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/ ucsifjynfe,f?
uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;acgaqmif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
(2) a'gufwmr_xef
wpfoD;yk*~v
xefwvef+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f/ csif;jynfe,f?
uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;EGeftkyf/ csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
(3) OD;0if;¶Sdef
wpfoD;yk*~v
ajrmif+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(1)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;?
uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² a'gufwmausmfEdkifxGef;/ rJqEN¶Sif
(4) OD;vSodef;
- 79 -
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
[krRvif;+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ ppfudkif;wdkif;?
uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;armifoGif/ ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
(5) OD;yDwmvif;yif
wpfoD;yk*~v
jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ rEWav;wdkif;?
uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² Adkvfrª;}uD;armifarmif(+idrf;)/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
(6) Edkifcifarmif
rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@
usdKufra&m+rdK@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ rGefjynfe,f?
uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;wifaiG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
(7) OD;cGefxGef;vl (c) OD;xGef;vl
wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
[dkyef+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,f
uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;apmzD;vpf(c)OD;zD;vpfqrf/ ‘0’trsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD
(8) OD;a¶$,
ureftrsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
ppfawG+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(1)/ &cdkifjynfe,f?
uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;armifomZH/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
(9) OD;0if;}udKif
bdkuav;+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrq J ENe,ftrSwf(1)/ {&m0wDwdkif;?
uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;jr[ef/ bdkuav;+rdK@e,f/ iydacsmif;aus;¶Gm/ wdkif;&if;om;
pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD rJ¶Hkudk,fpm;vS,f
(10) a'gufwmpdefjrifh
bdkuav;+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ {&m0wDwdkif;?
uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;wifqef;/ rJqEN¶Sif
(11) a'gufwmpef;atmif
woD;yk*~v
t*Fyl+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)/ {&m0wDwdkif;?
uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;ol ² ² ² OD;odef;xGef;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
ÙÙÙÙÙ
“ 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif

a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onfh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;.
udk,fa&;tusOf;? ”
- 80 -
(1) ucsifjynfe,f?
ta¶S@bufESifh ta¶S@ajrmufbufwGif w¶kwfjynfol@orRwEdkifiH/ taemufbufwGif tdENd,EdkifiHESifh

ppfudkif;wdkif;/ awmifbufwGif ¶Srf;jynfe,fwdk@ESifh e,fedrdwfcsif;xdpyfv#uf¶Sdonf?
ucsifjynfe,fwGif rJqENe,f(19)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(12)cktm;udk,fpm;jyK,SOf+ydKifol

v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(91)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(2)OD;/ pkpkaygif;(93)OD;0if
a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(14)ae&m/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&ufrS
(3)ae&mESifh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDrS(2)ae&m toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?
1? umrdkif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;wifjrif/h trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifjrifhonf umrkdif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(2550)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(48²96)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cJh&onf?
usdKufvwf wkdifulaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1924 ckESpf/ rwfv (23)&ufae@wGif tz OD;at;armif/ trd
a':odef;&ifwkd@rS zGm;jrifonf? OD;wifjrifhonf ykZGefawmif t&Siftm'dpP0HotrsdK;om;txufwef;ausmif;wGif
'orwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd bDFtdkifat/ bD'Dat/ yDbDtufzf
wyfrawmftqifhqifh wGifyg0ifcJhonf? awmfvSefa&;t+yD; yJcl;c±dkif jynfol@&JabmfwyfzJG@ ,m,Dpnf;±Hk;a&;
aumfrwD 'kwd,OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufpOf qmay:xGef;tpdk;&u yk'fr(5)ESifhzrf;qD;cJh&m AdkfvfcsKyfatmifqef;
tpkd;&umvrS jyefvnfvGwfajrmufcJhonf? 1948 ckESprf S 1957 ckESpftxd ukefonf/ 1957 ckESpfrS 1959
ckESpftxd yJcl;c±kdifppfjyeftzJG@wGif wGJzuftwGif;a&;r–;/ 1970-71 ckESpfwGif umrkdif;+rdK@e,for0g,r OuUX/
1978-89 ckESpfrsm;wGif umrdkif;ppfr_xrf;a[mif;tzJG@ OuUXtjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if
(yxrqifh)&onf?
2? csDaAGjrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;*sDabmifrfvSef;/ ucsifjynfe,ftrdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf?
OD;*sDabmrfvSef;onf csDazG+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf tm;

udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(496)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(37²04)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;
cHcJh&onf? csDazG+rdK@e,fZmwdjzpfonf? 1953 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv(25)&ufae@wGif tz OD;*sDcsef;abmrf/ trd
a':verfwdk@rSarG;zGm;onf? axma*gaus;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;
trSwf(3)wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1972 ckESpfwGif (10)wef;pmar;yGJudk(c)tqifhjzifhatmifjrifcJhonf?
1974 ckESpf/ yxrt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJwGif tpfudkjzpfol csDazG+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,f OD;*sDabmifrf,def;. udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd/
tajccH(45)armfawmf,mOftoif; XmecGJudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? a¶G;aumufyGJ,SOf+ydKifbuf
- 81 -
jzpfol OD;acgaqmif(wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD)rS uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;cJhojzifh a¶G;aumufyGJ
cHktrSwf(2)wGif =um;emppfaq;r_cHcJh&onf?
3? ac:bl'JjrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;rzef;qif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;rzef;qifonf ac:bl'J+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(1317)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(41²41)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1953 ckkESpfwGifarG;zGm;onf? ac:bl'Jòrd@e,f wmbef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cdtmausmf/ trd
a':xk&efxef;csefwdk@.om;/ OD;rzef;qifonf erfh&S,faus;&Gm tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;wGif pwifynmoif=um;
I 'kuUeftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;(ylwmtkd)wGif ajcmufwef;txdaecJhonf? OD;ref‹zef;qiftygt0if ucsif
jynfe,frSv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfo!fh OD;a,mpD(ylwmtdk)/ OD;ausmfarmif(rdk;!‡if;-1)/ OD;=umjr
(rdk;!‡if;-2)/ OD;tifeef;*rf(rcsrf;abm)wdk‹yg0ifonhf tzGJ@0if(11)OD;wdk@onf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfA[dkrS
OD;wifOD;ESifha':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@tm;xkwfy,fjcif;udk rauseyfojzifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;
jyif;xefpGm¶_Hcs+yD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX OD;wifatmif
OD;aqmifI 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv(23)&ufae@wGif jynfyodk@xGufcGmvmcJh&m/ ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;
t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrodk‹a&muf±SdcJh+yD; xdkrSwqifhrme,fyavmodk‹oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1994 ckESpf/ atmuf
wdkbmv (1)&ufae‹Y ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)ESifh e0w wdk‹ typftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyf
+yD;onfhaemuf ‚if;wdk‹(5)OD;onf ajrmufydkif; ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrrSwqifh
1994 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5) &ufaeŒwGif e0wxH jyefoGm;cJhonf?
4? aqmhavmfjrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;rkwfajrmfqef;acgif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;ygwD?
OD;rkwfajrmfqef;acgifonf aqmhavmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm;

cHcJh&onf? 1947 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv(4)&ufae@wGif tz OD;acgifqef;/ trd a':acgiaf ,mfwdk@rSzGm;jrifonf?
aqmhavmf+rdK@e,f/ awmhvefaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? awmhvefaus;¶Gm tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@/
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1970-73 ckESpfwGif jrpf}uD;em;aumvdyfrS
yxrESpf(0dZ…mwef;)atmifjrifcJhonf? 1971-73 ckESpfwGif pma&;0efxrf; bdef;jzwfaq;¶Hk/ taxGaxGOD;pD;Xme
(jrpf}uD;em;)/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd aqmhavmf+rdK@e,fygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if/ twGif;a&;rª;/ 1974
ckESpfESifh 1978 ckESpf/ yxrESifh'kwd,t}udrf a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJrsm;wGif aumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJtzGJ@0ifESifh twGif;
a&;rª;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf. *k%fxl;aqmifvufrSwfESifh &JwyfzGJ@rª;.emrnfaumif;
vufrSwf&cJhonf?
5? qGrfy&mbGrfjrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;aZmftdef/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf?
- 82 -
OD;aZmftdefonf qGrfy&mbGrf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uftm;
udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m/ cdkifvHkrJ(589)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²08)&mcdkifE_ef;jzifh a¶G;cs,f
wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1938 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (13)&ufae@wGif tz OD;qifcg;aemif/ trd a':pyf¶G,f*sm;
wdk@rSzGm;jrifonf? qGrfy&mbGrf+rdK@e,f/ usem;,efaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? u}uD;[ltpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/
Aef;armf pdefvHkubm;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ qGrfy&mbGrftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif (10)wef;
txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd ac:bl'J yyu(2)wGif +rdK@e,fwm0efcH/ 1965 ckESpfrS
1970 ckESpftxd rcsrf;abm+rdK@e,fukefoG,fa&;wGif refae*sm/ xdkrS 1971 ckESpfrSpI 0dkif;armfESifhjrpf}uD;em;
ukefoG,fa&;wdk@wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1976 ckESpfwGift+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpf
txd jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@e,for0g,rwGif twGif;a&;rª;ESifh 'kwd,OuUXtjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfESifh
1985 ckESpfrsm;wGif jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD tzGJ@0if(tif*srf;,ef)tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1991
ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv(5) &ufae@wGif qENtav#mufjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufcJhonf?
6? wEdkif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmifonf wEdkif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(2771)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mE_ef;(64²16)jziffh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
[l;aumif;tif0rfcef;Zmwdjzpfonf? 1927 ckESpf/ rwfv (15)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;tif0rfcef;aZmf
atmif.om;/ OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmifonf jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@wGif (4)wef;xdynmoif=um;cJhI 1946-48 ckESpf
wGif erf;rm;rdk;aumif; jynfol&JabmfwyfzJG@wGif Akdvfatmifcdk/ AdkvfxGef;&ifwdk@ESifhtwlyg0ifcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfrS
1952 ckESpftxd ucsifvli,ftoif; aygifa,miftzJG@/ wEkdif;òrd@e,f OuUX/ 1952-62 (y-,-u-y)tzGJ@ A[dk
aumfrwD0if 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd wEdkif;+rdK@e,faumifpd OuUX/ 1978-80 jynfe,faumifpD0if
tcsdefydkif;/ 1981-85 wEkdif;+rdK@e,fygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if/ wEdkif;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf òrd@e,f
OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf?
7? aemifrGef;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;trfqifqm;&f/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;ygwD?
OD;trfqifqm;&fonf aemifrGef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwiG f wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm; udk,f

pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m/ cdkifvHkrJ(2231)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77²55)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh
&onf? 1925 ckESpf/ ZGefv (3) &ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? tz OD;rkefa[mifxdemh. om;jzpfonf? aemifrGef;
Zmwdjzpfonf? aemifrGef;atbDtrftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@ refcdeftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;
trSwf(1)wdk@wGif (10)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1956-57 ckESpfwGif jynfe,fynm0ef¶Hk;wGif pma&;
0efxrf;/ 1957-58 ckESpfwGif ylwmtdk+rdK@ c&pf,mef tvu vufaxmufausmif;tkyf/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1978
ckESpftxd ygwD,lepfa&;&mrª;(ylwmtd)k / pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;(aemifrGef;)/ A[dkaumfrwD0if/ a'oygwDaumfrwD0if/
a'oygwDaumfrwDtwGif;a&;rª; ,m,DwGJzufwm0ef/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd ac:bll'J/ aemifrGef;/
Aef;armf/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd tvkyform;tpnf;t¶Hk; A[dk
OD;pD;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0ifjzpf
onf?
- 83 -
8? ylwmtdkjrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;a,mpD/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;a,mpDonf ylwmtdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd ;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(8695)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;49²1)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1948 ckESpf/ {+yDv (13)&ufae@wGif tz OD;,mul/ trd a':zdkiftkdifbDwdk@rS arG;zGm;onf? ac:bl'Jòrd@e,f
bD0gxefZmwdjzpfonf? OD;a,mpDonf ylwmtkdòrdd@e,f rk'Hkaus;&Gmtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ ylwmtkd tpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGifynmoif=um;cJh&m 1971 wGifowWrwef;atmifonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpf
txdd rmrlvJhaus;&Gmor0g,rqkdifwm0efcHtjzpf aqmif&Gufonf? v,f,mtpnf;t±Hk; OuUX tjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhzl;onf? OD;a,mpDtygt0if ucsifjynfe,frSv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfo!fh OD;rzef;qif
(ac:bl'J)/ OD;ausmfarmif(rdk;!‡if;-1)/ OD;=umjr(rdk;!‡if;-2)/ OD;tifeef;*rf(rcsrf;abm)wdk‹yg0ifonhf tzGJ@0if (11)
OD;wdk@onf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfA[dkrS OD;wifO;D ESifha':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@tm;xkwfy,fjcif;udk raus
eyfojzifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;jyif;xefpGm¶_Hcs+yD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsifjynfe,f
pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX OD;wifatmif OD;aqmifI 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv(23)&ufae@wGif jynfyodk@
xGufcGmvmcJh&m/ ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf; t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrodk‹a&muf±SdcJh+yD; xdkrSwqifh rme,f
yavmodk‹oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1994 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae‹Y ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;
(autdkiftdk)ESifh e0w wdk‹ typftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyf+yD;o!fhaemuf ‚if;wdk‹(5)OD;onf ajrmufydkif; ucsifvGwf
ajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrrSwqifh 1994 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5)&ufaeŒwGif e0wxH jyefoGm;cJh
onf?
9? Aef;armfjrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;ykaxG; (Aef;armfndKEGJ@)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ykaxG;onf Aef;armf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ#csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19433)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²54)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1922 ckESpf/
'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;pk.om;/ OD;ykaxG;onf 1942 txd 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHkwGif
ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_/ tm&Svli,ftpnf;t±Hk; aus;vuftpnf;±Hk;a&;r–;/ aus;&Gmpm=unfhwkdufr–;ESifh twGif;
a&;r–;/ tm&Svli,fvufa&;pmapmif t,f'Dwm/ rlvwef;ausmif;q&mtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS
pI Avpaus;vufpnf;±Hk;a&;r–;/ ausmif;q&mrsm;tpnf;t±Hk;twGif;a&;r–;/ rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1948
ckESpfwGif c±dkifausmif;q&mrsm;tpnf;t±Hk; twGif;a&;r–;/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1955 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jyq&m/
txufwef;jyq&m/ ajrjyef@e,fynmtkyf/ 1962-75 rdbq&mtoif;/ tajccHjynfol@aumifpDtwGif;a&;r–;/
ausmif;aumifpD 'kwd,OuUX/ trSwf(4)ynma&; aiGpkaiGacs;or0g,r OuUX/ òrd@e,fjrefrmpmtzJG@ OuUX/
vli,fa&;&mnausmif; tr_aqmif/ 1962 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd txufwef;jyq&m/ 1945 ckESpfrSpI
Aef;armfndKEGJ@uavmiftrnfjzifh pmaye,fokd@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfwGif vufa&G;pOfuAsmrsm;pmtkyf
xkwfa0onf? 1963 ckESpfwGif trsdK;om;pmayqkudk “t±k%fOD;”uAsmpmrljzifh yxrqk&onf? 1987 ckESpf/
Zefe0g&Dv (4)&ufae@u EdkifiHawmfaumifpD. jynfol@0efxrf;wHqdyf/ +idrf0yfydjym;r_ESifhw&m;Oya'pdk;rkd;a&;
wHqdyfrsm;&&SdcJhonf?
- 84 -
10? jrpf}uD;em;jrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)?
OD;jrarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;jrarmifonf jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(10151)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(46²39)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? tz OD;aqmh/ trd a':uGef;wkd@rS 1920 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (16)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? 1938
ckESpfwGif ysOf;rem;+rdK@atbDtrf[dkufpul;Y q,fwef;ynmoif=um;aepOf 1300 jynfhESpf ausmif;om;oydwf
wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1942 ckESpf bDtkdifatwyfrsm;ysOf;rem;+rdK@odk@0ifvmcsdef ausmif;aezuf Adkvfwm&m/ Adkvf
awmufxdef(&JabmfoHk;usdyf)wkd@.pnf;±Hk;r_a=umifh bDtkdifatokd@0ifcJhonf? 1939 ckESpfwGifausmif;rSxGuf+yD;
1941 ckESpfwGif 'kd@Armtpnf;t±Hk;okd@0ifcJhonf? xkdrS bD'Datokd@ul;ajymif;csdef ocifwifxGef; (Adkvfwm&m
.tpfudk)uac:,lI vli,fpnf;±Hk;r_aqmif&Guf&eftwGufxGufcJhonf? vli,fpnf;±Hk;r_ESifh EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_
rsm;aqmif&Guf&if; 1945 ckESpf zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGif wkdif;(6)Y ocifwifxGef;.OD;aqmifr_atmufwGif
ysOf;rem;+rdK@Y attufzftkdzJG@pnf;&mwGifyg0ifcJh+yD; tvkyform;or*~~(rD;&xm;ESifhpmwkduf) pnf;±Hk;aIa&;r_;
tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfwGif ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDawmckd&modk@ygcJh+yD; 1949 ckESpfwGif Akdvf
wm&mESifhtwl tvif;jyef0ifcJhonf? u&ifolykefrsm; ysOf;rem;+rdK@okd@0ifodrf;pOf Adkvfawmufxdef/ Akdvfwm&m/
OD;apmvif;(opfawm)ESifhtwl tpkd;&wyfaygif;pkzJG@um autifef'DtkdESifhAuywkd@tm;wdkufcdkufcJh&m aemufqHk;
ysOf;rem;òrd@us+yD; &JabmfjzLESifhAuywkd@.zrf;qD;jcif;udkcHcJh&onf? xkdrS vlxkw&m;cGifwGiftowfcH&rnfhtcsdef
Y OD;apmvif;(opfawm)ESifhucsif(1)wkd@ ysOf;rem;+rdK@odk@0ifa&mufodrf;ydkufpOfvGwfajrmufcJhonf? 1949 ckESpf/
Edk0ifbmvwGif ppf±Hk;csKyfokd@Adkvfwm&mESifhtwla&muf&Sd+yD; &efukefwGif yk'fr(5)jzifzh rf;qD;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1951
ckESpfwGifvGwfajrmuf+yD; EdkifiHa&;pdwfukefum vl0ifr_}uD;=uyfa&;Xmeodk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1953 ckESpfrSpI
vufaxmuftifpyufawmf/ tifpyufawmf/ òrd@e,fr–;wm0efwkd@xrf;aqmifcJhI 1980 jynfhESpfwGif wm0efrS
t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (16)&ufae@wGifuG,fvGefa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;
aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ Zlvdkifv (3)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(897)jzifh xkwf
jyefa=unmcJhonf?
11? jrpf=uD;em;jrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)?
OD;OD;Aspfwl;/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf?
OD;OD;Aspfwl;onf jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef

*&uftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(6898)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(35²84)jzifh a¶G;cs,f
wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1920 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (1)&ufae@wGif tz OD;OD;AspfaemftGef/ trd a':a'gif*&mcgwdk@rS
arG;zGm;onf? qGrfy&mbGrf+rdK@e,f/ vmr*g;aus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;OD;Aspfwl;onf 1939 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf
trSwf(2)Armhaoewfudkifwyf&if;/ ar+rdK@wGif omrefwyfom;tjzpfrSpwif0ifa&mufcJh+yD;/ wyfrawmfynma&;
udkqufvufqnf;yl;cJh&m tdENd,wyfrawmfynma&;yxrqifhjzifh atmifjrifcJhonf? 1942 ckESpf/ 'kwd,urBm
ppf}uD;twGif; tmoHjynf/ tdENd,EdkifiHodk@ t*FvdyfppfwyfESifhtwlyg0ifqkwfcGmcJhonf? 1944 ckESpfwGif 'kwd,
t}udrf 0if;*dwfppfa=umif;jzifh jrefrmjynftwGif;odk@ *syefacsr_ef;a&;wGif0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufcJhonf? 1945 ckESpf
wGif wyfrawmfjyefwrf;0ift&m¶Sd/ 1946 ckESpfwGif trSwf(2)Armhaoewfudkifwyf&if;ESifh tdENd,rSjrefrmjynf
odk@jyefa&mufonf? 1948 ckESpf/ ZGefv (15)&ufae@wGif Adkvftqifh/ 1948 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (27)
&ufae@wGif Adkvf}uD;tqifh/ 1955 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (21)&ufae@wGif Adkvfrª;tqifhtjzpf tqifhqifh
- 85 -
&mxl;wdk;jrifhcJhonf? ,if;umvrsm;twGif; wyfpkrª;/ wyfcGJrª;/ wyfa&;Adkvf}uD;/ 'kwd,wyf&if;rª;/ wyf&if;rª;
wm0efrsm;jzifh oeu(2)ucsif/ oeu(5)/ wyf=uyfoifwef;ausmif;/ cv&(1)/ oeu(1)wdk@wGif tqifhqifh
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif rtlyifc¶dkif/ c¶dkifvHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD OuUX ESifh oeu
(6) wyf&if;rª;/ xdkrS 1965 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (20)&ufae@wGif wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfwGif
t*FvefEdkifiH/ [dkufuifhwGif ynmoif=um;&efapv$wfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1965 ckESpfrSpI ukefoG,fa&;OD;pD;refae
*sm/ jynfe,fukefoG,fa&;refae*smtqifhwdk@jzifhucsijf ynfe,fwGifvnf;aumif;/ ucsifjynfe,fa¶G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufyGJaumfr¶Sif OuUX/ jynfe,fvkyfief;ppf OuUX/ jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@e,f ppfr_xrf;a[mif;tzGJ@ OuUX/ 1980
jynfhESpf/ (au-tdkif-at)ESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJwGif =um;vl}uD;wOD;tjzpf yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf?
wyfrawmfwGifxl;c|efcJhI (pDtif*sD)qkvufrSwfESifh ol&Jaumif;rSwfwrf;0if(2)}udrfcsD;jr‡ifhjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1992
ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (13)&ufae@wGif usef;rma&;tajctaea=umifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufcJh
onfhjyif/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf A[dkOuUX tjzpfrSvnf;aumif;/ tzGJ@0iftjzpfrSvnf;
aumif;EkwfxGufcJhonf?
12? rdk;aumif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;xGef;=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;xGef;=unfonf rdk;aumif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+rdKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14779)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(50²26)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
tz OD;xGef;tkyf/ trd a':a&$wkd@rS 1942 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? rdk;aumif;+rdK@Zmwd
jzpfonf? OD;xGef;=unfonf rdk;aumif;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif (7)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf?
udk,fydkifum;jzifhopfvkyfief;vkyfonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif a':EkEkESifhtdrfaxmifus+yD; om;orD;ajcmufa,muf
xGef;um;onf? 1988 ckESpf/ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHkwGifwufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
òrd@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–; wm0ef,lcJhonf?
13? rdk;!‡if;jrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)?
OD;ausmfarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ausmfarmifonf rkd;n‡if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? rdkn‡if;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? Tz OD;bv_dif/ trd a':vSr,fwdk@rS 1944 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (7)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;onf? &Srf;trsdK;om;/ Ak'<bmom0ifwpfOD;jzpfoonf? OD;ausmfarmifonf 1962 ckESpfwGif rdk;!‡if;+rdK@
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJatmifjrifonf? 1963 ckESpfwGif jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@Y
rlvwef;jyq&mtjzpf bDvl;tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wGifwm0efxef;aqmifcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif
a':wifat;ESifhvufxyfI om;(3)a,mufxGef;um;onf? 1975 ckESpfwGif rlvwef;ausmif;tkyf/ 1964 ckESpfrS
1970 jynfhESpftxd jynfe,fajy;ckefypfvufa&G;pOf/ 1976 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd jynfe,fausmif;om;ajy;ckef
ypfenf;jy/ 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfvwGifwm0efrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? OD;ausmfarmif tygt0if ucsifjynfe,frS
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfo!fh OD;a,mpD(ylwmtdk)/ OD;rzef;qif(ac:bl'J)/ OD;=umjr(rdk;!‡if;-2)/ OD;tif
eef;*rf(rcsrf;abm)wdk‹yg0ifonhf tzGJ@0if(11)OD;wdk@onf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfA[dkrS OD;wifOD;Esifh
a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@tm;xkwfy,fjcif;udk rauseyfojzifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; jyif;xefpGm
- 86 -
¶_Hcs+yD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX OD;wifatmif OD;aqmifI 1991
ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv(23)&ufae@wGif jynfyodk@xGufcGmvmcJh&m/ ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)
e,fajrodk‹a&muf±SdcJh+yD; xdkrSwqifh rme,fyavmodk‹oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1994 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)
&ufae‹Y ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)ESifh e0w wdk‹ typftcwf&yfpJa&;vkyf+yD;o!fhaemuf
‚if;wdk‹(5)OD;onf ajrmufydkif; ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrrSwqifh 1994 ckESpf/ ZGef
v (5)&ufaeŒwGif e0wxH jyefoGm;cJhonf?
14? rdk;n‡if;jrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)?
OD;=umjr/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;=umjronf rdk;!‡if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(12374)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²05)jzifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
tz OD;xifay:/ trd a':at;!Gef@wkd@.om;jzpfonf? [kdyifZmwdjzpfonf? 1939 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;=umjr
onf [dkyiftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;Y owWrwef;xdynmoif=um;cJhonf? erRwD;o=um;puf }uH0,f,la&;
XmewGif(8)ESpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? xkdrSE_wfxGufI [dkyifwGiftajccsaexkdif+yD; awmifolvkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;
onf? rkd;!‡if;òrd@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0iftjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;=umjrtygt0if
ucsifjynfe,frS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,rf sm;jzpfo!fh OD;a,mpD(ylwmtdk)/ OD;ausmfarmif(rdk;!‡if;-1)/ OD;rzeff;
qif(ac:bl'J)/ OD;tifeef;*rf(rcsrf;abm)wdk‹yg0ifonhf tzGJ@0if(11)OD;wdk@onf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
A[dkrS OD;wifOD;ESifha':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@tm; xkwfy,fjcif;udkrauseyfojzifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
tm; jyif;xefpGm¶_Hcs+yD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX OD;wifatmif
OD;aqmifI 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGifjynfyodk@xGufcGmvmcJh&m/ ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;
t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrodk‹a&muf±SdcJh+yD; xdkrSwqifh rme,fyavmodk‹oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1994 ckESpf/ atmuf
+yD;o!fhaemuf ‚if;wdk‹(5)OD;onf ajrmufydkif; ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrrSwqifh
1994 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5)&ufaeŒwGif e0wxH jyefoGm;cJhonf?
15? rdk;armufjrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;aomif;aiG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;aomif;aiGonf rdk;armuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(2954)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(45²44)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
OD;cifarmif.om;/ rdk;armuf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1949 ckESpf/ ZGefv (9)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;aomif;aiGonf
1971 ckESpfwGif tajccHynmtxufwef;pmar;yGJatmifI &efukef0dZ…mESifhodyH`wuUokdvfodk@ wufa&mufynm
oif=um;cJhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…m(Oya')bJG@udkvnf;aumif;/ 1977 ckESpfwGif Oya'bJG@udkvnf;aumif;
&¶SdcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif Oya'0efxrf; tqifh(4)/ 1985 ckESpfwGif Oya'0efxrf tqifh(3)/ 1988 ckESpf/
rwfvwGif Oya'0efxrf;tjzpfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? xdk@aemuf Oya'tusdK;aqmiftjzpftoufarG;cJhonf?
òrd@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? jynfol‹v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS
E_wfxGufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (4)&uf
ae@ &ufpGJyga=unmcsuftrSwf(1010)jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf?
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16? rHpDjrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;a*strfaemfvm/ trsdL;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;a*strfaemfvmonf rHpD+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

rHpDòrd@e,f yef[kwfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;*srfarmfvqef/ trd a':azmfa&$&G,fwkd@rS 1929 ckESpf/ 'DZif
bmv (21)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? OD;a*strfaemfvmonf pdefvHktpdk;&ausmif;/ Aef;armfòrd@e,f a&mbwf
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ q&m}uD;OD;rmrGef tvGwfynmoifausmif;wdk@wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;
cJhonf? ucsifausmif;om;or*~udk pwifzJG@pnf;+yD;aemuf yxrOD;qHk; OuUX wm0efudkxrf;aqmifonf? 1951
ckESpf/ yxrygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJY au'AvsLpDtzJG@. pnf±Hk;a&;r–;/ 1952 ckESpfwGif iSufzsm;tifpyufawmf
oifwef;qif;onf? 1953 ckESpfwGif iSufzsm;tifpyufawmf(jrpf}uD;em;)/ 1960 jynfhESpfwGif iSufzsm;r–;/ 1963
ckESpfwGif Aef;armfòrd@/ ppfAsL[m(2)wGif ucsiftrsdK;om;pnf;±Hk;a&;r–;/ 1967 ckESpfwGif ygwDau'goifwef;
trSwfpOf(15)qif;onf? 1986 ckESpfwGif wm0efrt S +idrf;pm;,lonf? e0w umvwGif tm%mzDqefr_jzifh
axmif'%f(1)v/ '%faiG(200 usyf)tjypfay;cH&onf? Aef;armfòrd@e,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif
'kwd,OuUXESifh av;òrd@e,fpnf;r–;wm0efwkd@udk,lcJhonf?
17? rcsrf;abmjrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;tifeef;*rf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;tifeef;*rfonf rcsrf;abm+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckfdkifvHkrJ(1532)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(37²53jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
ylwmtkd+rdK@e,f &Sref*gaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;tiferf;wrf/ trd a':cifvSwkd@rS 4-3-1942 ckESpf/ rwfv
(4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? OD;tiferf;*rfonf jrpf}uDem;+rdK@/ trSwf(1)ESifhtrSwf(2)tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;wkd@wGif e0rwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? rcsrf;abmòrd@e,f tifblawmhaus;&Gm tpdk;&tv,f
wef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;q&mtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhzl;onf? 1974-77 ckESpfwGif òrd@e,for0g,r twGif;a&;r–;
tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? xdk@aemuf awmifolvkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;cJhonf? OD;tifeef;*rf tygt0if
ucsifjynfe,frSv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,rf sm;jzpfo!fhOD;a,mpD(ylwmtdk)/ OD;ausmfarmif(rdk;!‡if;-1)/ OD;=umjr
(rdk;!‡if;-2)/ OD;rzef;qif(ac:bl'J)wdk‹yg0ifonhf tzGJ@0if(11)OD;wdk@onf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfA[dkrS
OD;wifOD;ESifha':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@tm; xkwfy,fjcif;udkrauseyfojzifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;
jyif;xefpGm¶_Hcs+yD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ucsifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX OD;wifatmif
OD;aqmifI 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGifjynfyodk@xGufcGmvmcJh&m/ ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;
t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrodk‹a&muf±SdcJh+yD; xdkrSwqifh rme,fyavmodk‹oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1994 ckESpf/ atmuf
+yD;o!fhaemuf ‚if;wdk‹(5)OD;onf ajrmufydkif; ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autdkiftdk)e,fajrrSwqifh
1994 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5)&ufaeŒwGif e0wxH jyefoGm;cJhonf?
18? a&$uljrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
- 88 -
a':pdefwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a':pdefwifonf a&$ul+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(11038)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²29)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
OD;bkd;atmif.orD;jzpfonf? a&$ul+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1923 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (8)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf?
a':pdefwifonf a&$ul+rdK@tmpDtrfausmif;rS(9)wef;/ armfvòrdif+rdK@armfwifvdfef;ausmif;rS 'orwef;/ toD;oD;
atmifjrifcJh+yD; [dkuf&m;*&dwf txufwef;q&mpmar;yGJudk 1941 ckESpfwGifatmifjrifcJhonf? 1300 jynfh
ta&;awmfyHkwGif ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_Yvnf;aumif;/ *syefacwfwGif a&$ulòrd@ tm&Svli,ftpnf;t±Hk;wGif
vnf;aumif;/ a&$ulòrd@ Avrp twGif;a&;r–;tjzpfvnf;aumif;aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1949 ckESpfrS 1952 ckESpf
txd rlvwef;jyq&m/ 1952 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd
txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf toD;oD;aqmif&GufcJh+yD; 1984 ckESpfwGif wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1997 ckESpf/
azazmf0g&Dv (23)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD
taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcJhonf?
19? 0dkif;armfjrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
'l0g trf aZmfatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
'l0g trf aZmfatmif (c) Duwa M Naw Khan onf 0dkif;armf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(8229)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef; (37²83)jzifh
a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1932 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (20)&ufae@ wGif tz 'l0g trf *Grf *sm (Du
Wa Maran Gumja) trd a':t,fxka&mf (L Htu Raw) wdk@rSarG;zGm;onf? ¶Srf;jynfe,fajrmuf ydkif;/
erRwl+rdK@(abmfwGif;) Zmwdjzpfonf? 1948 ckESpfrS 1951ckESpftxd jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@ K.B.S wGifvnf;aumif;/
1951 ckESpfrS 1953 ckESpftxd jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif vnf;aumif;/ 1953 ckESpfESifh
1954 ckESpfrsm;wGif Aef;armf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1954 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd
Aef;armf+rdK@ ROBERTS High School wGifvnf;aumif; ynm oif=um;cJhonf? 1957 ckESpfwGif Aef;armf+rdK@
pdefvHkpmppfXmerS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd ucsifjynfe,fvHk;qkdif
&m ausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1957 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd ucsifjynfe,f.
ucsif,Ofaus;r_jrifhwifa&;tzGJ@(Kachin Uplift Culture)wGif Aef;armfc&dkifvHk;qdkif&m OuUX tjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpf/ {+yDvwGif jrpf}uD;em; c&dkif OuUX OD;eefZdef;v/ 'k-OuUX OD;r&efb&efqdkif;
wdk@ESifh aemufqHk;ucsif,Ofaus;r_nDvmcH tpnf;ta0;udkusif;ycJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1964 ckESpftxd
vl0ifr_}uD; =uyfa&;XmewGif wm0efxrf;&GufcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd KIA v_yf&Sm;r_ESifh
rEWav;òrd@ eef;wGif;ppftusOf;axmifwGif (4)ESpf axmif'%fuscHcJh&onf? 1982 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd
ucsifjynfe,f/ ucsifESpfcsif;c&pf,meftzGJ@csKyf. 'kwd,OuUXtjzpf c&pf,mefomoemvkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guf
cJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (23)&ufae@wGifpwifusif;yonfh trsdK;om;nDvmcHy%mrtpnf;ta0;wGif
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS ucsifjynfe,fudk,fpm;vS,ftaejzifhwufa&mufcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ =o*kwf
v (3)&ufae@wGif &efukefòrd@Y ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;ESifh&JwyfzGJ@0ifrsm;.zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f
(7)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 2001 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (13)&ufae@wGif tif;pdefaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 2003 ckESpf/
ZGefv (1)&ufae@wGif w¶kwfjrefrme,fpyfodk@wdrf;a¶SmifvmcJh+yD; xdkrSwqifh xdkif;jrefrme,fpyf vGwfajrmuf
e,fajrwae&modk@ 2003 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (15)&ufae@wGifa&muf¶SdcJhonf?
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(2) u,m;jynfe,f?
ta¶S@bufwGif xdkif;EdkifiH/ ajrmufbufwGif ¶Srf;jynfe,f/ taemufbufESifh awmifbufwGif u&if

jynfe,fwdk@ESifh e,fedrdwfcsif;xdpyfv#uf¶Sdonf?
u,m;jynfe,fwGif rJqENe,f(8)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(10)cktm;udk,fpm;jyK,SOf+ydKifol

v$wf awmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(32)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(1)OD;/ pkpkaygif;(33)OD;
0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(4)OD;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDESifh
u,m;jynfe,f vlrsdK;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwdk@rS(2)OD;pD toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?
1? 'Darmqdk;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;cifarmifcsdK/ u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cifarmifcsdKonf 'Darmqdk;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pD

tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKif&m cdkifvHkrJ(2290)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(48²09)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1939 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae@wGif tz OD;aqmif;/ trd a':eef;jrwfwdk@rS arG;zGm;
onf? eef;r,fcHk¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmifcsdKonf 1963 ckESpfwGif tif;pdefpmppfXmerS wef;jrifhausmif;
xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yGJudk atmifjrifcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd ukefoG,fa&;0efxrf;/ xdk@aemuf
tvkyfrSxGufI v,f,mvkyfief;ESifh a&mif;0,fa&;vkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpfwGif qefpufvkyfief;
vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfwGif tdrfaxmifusI om;av;a,mufxGef;um;onf? u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;
pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0if/ jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
wGif twGif;a&;rª;tzGJ@0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf?
2? 'DarmqdkjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;Apfwmav;/ u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;Apfwmav;onf 'DarmqdkjrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pHk'Drdkua&pD

tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(4614)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²50)jzifh a¶G;cs,f
wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1949 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (19)&ufae@wGif tz OD;atjrav;/ trd a':avwD;¶Sm;wdk@rS
arG;zGm;onf? OD;Apfwmav;onf rlvwef;rS (9)wef;txd vGdKifaumf+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)
wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1969§70 ynmoifESpfwGif vomtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)rS wuUodkvf
0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfwGif ysOf;rem;pdkufysdK;a&;ody`Hoifwef;/ 1975 ckESpfwGif awmif}uD;q&m
twwfoif oifwef;wdk@odk@wufa&mufatmifjrifcJhonf?
3? z¶lqdkjrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;apmOD;&,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 90 -
OD;apmOD;&,fonf z±lqkd+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ#csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI
0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(1070)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(39²06)jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1928 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (30)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? tz OD;bkd;&,f.om;jzpfonf? OD;apm&,fOD;onf
owWrwef;txdynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ *syefacwfwGif r[mrdwfavxD;wyf trSwf(136) yifhulwHqdyfwGif tr_
xrf;cJhI *srm'gtqifhjzifh *syefvufeufcsonftxdwkdufckdufawmfvSefcJhonf? ygvDref'Drdkua&pDacwf 1960
jynfhESpfwGif u,m;jynfe,fta&S@ydkif;jynfol@v$wfawmftrwftjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrS
1978 ckESpftxd z±lqdkòrd@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfcJhonf? u,m;jynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyfwGif jynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0iftjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkOD;pD;ESifh
u,m;jynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@ OuUX OD;apmOD;&,ftm; tm%mydkifrsm;rS u&ifeDtrsdK;om;wdk;wufa&;ygwD
tm; aiGa=u;axmufyHhcJhr_/ “jynfwGif;ppfjzpfyGm;&jcif;ta=umif;w&m;ESifh u,m;jynfe,f.t=uyftwnf;
rsm;”[lonfhpmtkyfa&;om;xkwfa0r_rsm;jzifh w&m;pGJqdkcJh+yD;/ 1996 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (29)&ufae@wGif yk'fr
17 (1)jzifh axmif'%f(3)ESpf/ 1996 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@wGif yHkESdyfOya' yk'fr 2 (u) jzifhaxmif
'%f(7)ESpftoD;oD;csrSwfcJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ ZGefv (21)&ufae@wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
4? zmaqmif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;apmwm¶l;wl;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD?
OD;apmwm¶l;wl;onf zmaqmif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm;

udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(1621)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(51²94)jzifh a¶G;aumufwifajr‡muf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1939 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? tz OD;apmwifa&;.om;jzpfonf?
OD;apmwm¶l;wl;onf 1968 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H("mwkaA')bGJ@&cJhonf? 1970 jynfh
ESpfwGif armfcsD;owWKwGif;pDrHudef;wGif 0efxrf;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? A[dkEdkifiHa&;wuUodkvf tajccH
EkdifiHa&;oifwef;trSwfpOf(23)odk@ wufa&mufcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfwGif zmaqmif;+rdK@e,f evu twGif;a&;rª;/
1974 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd zmaqmif;+rdK@e,faumifpD OuUX/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd zmaqmif;+rdK@
e,fygwD,lepf OuUX/ ygwDnDvmcHudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
5? abmvcJjrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;atmifodef;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD?
OD;atmifodef;onf abmvcJjrdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm;udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(697)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(48²88)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1940 jynfhESpfwGifarG;zGm;onf? tz OD;pHqifh.om;jzpfonf? vdGKifaumf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;atmifodef;onf
avmu"rRbkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;/ vdGKifaumftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;ESifhtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynm
oif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1960§61 ynmoifESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yGJ atmifjrifonf? 1961 ck
ESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd c¶dkif0ef¶Hk;wGif pma&;0efxrf;/ 1971 ckESpfrS 1988 ckEpS ftxd ygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if/
twGif;a&;rª;/ OuUX(+rdK@e,fjynfol@ppf OuUX yl;wGJwm0ef)/ ygwDA[dkaumfrwD0if/ a'oygwDaumfrwD0if/ a'o
ygwDtwGif;a&;rª; ponfjzifhwm0eftoD;oD;xrf;aqmifchJonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd zmaqmif;+rdK@
e,fv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f jzpfcJhonf?
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6? &Sm;awmjrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;atmifwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmifwifonf &Sm;awm+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(417)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(56²73)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
OD;batmif.om;jzpfonf? 1935 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (30)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifwifonf
e0rwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd òrd@jyv#yfppfXme/ pma&;0efxrf;/ 1964
ckESpfESif 1965 ckESpfrsm;wGif u,m;jynfe,f q-p-w-u twGif;a&;r–;/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd
ukefoG,fa&;(1)wGif vufaxmuf'kdifr–;/ 1967 ckESpfrSpI ukefonfvkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;onf?
7? vGdKifaumfjrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)?
OD;bdk;oif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;bdk;oif;onf vGdKifaumf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(6184)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(53²1)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
tz OD;baomif;.om;jzpfonf? 1936 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (26)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;bdk;oif;onf
1953-54 ckESpfwGif u,m;jynfe,fausmif;om;or*~ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–;/ ausmif;om;oydwfacgif;
aqmif/ 1957 ckESpfwGif axmufyHha&; pma&;0efxrf;/ 1963 ckESpfwGif y-y-u wm0efcH(zmaqmif;/ r,fpJherf)
1968 ckESpfwGif vdGKifaumf+rdK@e,fukefoG,fa&; 0efxrf;/ 1973-74 ckESpfwGif evu/ vlr_a&; OuUX/ 1985
ckESpfwGif jynfe,faumifpD0ifESifh jynfe,fw&m;a&;tzGJ@(tcsdefydkif;)/ òrd@e,for0g,rtoif; 'kwd,OuUX
tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf?
8? vdGKifaumfjrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)?
OD;wuf'Dbl;&D/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wuf'Dbl;&Donf vdGKifaumf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(6182)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(57²84)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;
cHcJh&onf? 1944 ckESpf/ 'Dzifbmv (19)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? Tz OD;armifarmifausmf.om;jzpfonf?
OD;wuf'Dbl;&Donf 1963 ckESpfwGifq,fwef;atmifI 1967 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS t*Fvdyfpmt"du
jzifh 0dZ…mbJG@&cJhonf? 1968-69 ckESpf/ txufwef;jy txu(2)vGdKifaumf/ 1973-75 ckESpf/ avmyDwa&
tm;v#yfppfwGif ±Hk;0efxrf;/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd jynfe,faumifpDtvkyftr_aqmiftzJG@0if/ 1987-
88 ckESpf/ u,m;jynfe,f or0g,rtoif;pk twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1994 ckESpfwGif
jynfwGif;rSxGufcGmcJh+yD;aemuf 1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (27)&ufae‹wGif jyefvnfzGJ‹pnf;onfh jynfaxmifpkjrefrm
EdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tpnf;ta0;wGif 0ef}uD;csKyf±Hk;0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&onf?
(3) u&ifjynfe,f?
- 92 -
ajrmufbufwGif rEWav;wdkif;ESifh ¶Srf;jynfe,f/ ta¶S@bufwGif u,m;jynfe,fESifh xdkif;EdkifiH/
taemufbufwGif rGefjynfe,fESifh yJcl;wdkif;wdk@ wnf¶Sdonf?
u&ifjynfe,fwGif rJqENe,f(14)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(14)cktm;udk,fpm;jyK,SOf+ydKifol

v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(51)OD;wdk@0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(10)ae&m/
rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@/ u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&
pDtzGJ@ESifh u&ifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyfwdk@rS(1)ae&mpD toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?
1? aumhu&dwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;ref;+rdKifat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ref;òrdifat;onf aumhu&dwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(13379)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²53)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1937 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (7)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? OD;=umyGifh.om;jzpfonf? OD;ref;òrdifat;
onf rlvwef;ESifhtv,fweff;ynmudk aumhu&dwf+rdK@wGifvnf;aumif;/ txufwef;ynmudk &efukefA[dk
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGifvnf;aumif;/ Oypmwef;udk armfvòrdifaumvdyfwGifvnf;aumif; oif=um;cJh
onf? toufarG;0rf;ausmif; arG;jrLa&;Esifhukoa&;ynm&yfukd tif;pdefarG;jrLa&;ESifhukoa&;aumvdyfwGif
vnf;aumif;/ a&m*gaA'ynm&yfudk *syefEdkifiHwGifvnf;aumif; oif,lcJhonf? arG;jrLa&;ESifhukoa&;0efxrf;
tjzpfvkyfouf(30)ausmfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD; 1988 ckESpfwGif &efukefwdkif; 'kwd,wkdif;OD;pD;rª;wm0efrS
t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?
e0w ppftpdk;&u 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr(5)(n)jzifh jypf'%fcH&I 1991
ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (25) &ufae@wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1962 ckESpf/ rwf
v (2)&ufae@wGif AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tm%mrodrf;rDu u&ifjynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ‹wGif ynma&;ESifhusef;rma&;
0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ tm%modrf;+yD; 1963 ckESpfrSpI ppftpdk;&uaxmifxJY(4)ESpf/ (5)v
=umr#zrf;qD;xm;cJhonf? ta&;tcif;+yD;aemuf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ‹0iftjzpf
wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ ZlvdkifvwGif e0wuzrf;qD;cJh+yD; 1992 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae‹wGif armfv+rdKif
tusOf;axmifrS jyefv$wfay;cJhonf?
2/ aumhu&dwfjrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)?
Edkifaomif;&Sdef/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@?
Edkifaomif;¶Sdefonf aumhu&dwfjrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@tm;

udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(10444)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(48²8)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH
cJh&onf? 1947 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? tz OD;Edkifausmf.om;jzpfonf?
o&ufawmaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? Edkifaomif;¶Sdefonf rlvwef;ynmudk o&ufawmaus;¶Gmrlvwef;ausmif;
wGifoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1968 ckESpfwGif aumhu&dwf+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJ
atmifjrifcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif uefeDtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif rlvwef;jyausmif;q&mtjzpf wm0ef
xrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1974 ckESpfwGif wm0efrSEkwfxGufcJhonf? xdk@aemuf ukefonfvkyif ef;jzifh toufarG;cJhonf?
1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif jynfyodk@xGufcGmvmcJhonf?
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3? =umtif;qdyf}uD;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;vSarmif/ rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@?
t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;OD;vSarmif(=unf;-5496)onf =umtif;qdyf}uD;jrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf
(1)wGif rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2054)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&m
cdkifE_ef;(71²79)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1936 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (26)&ufae@wGif tz OD;bdk;wpf/
trd a':rr}uD;wdk@rS arG;zGm;onf? +rdwf+rdK@/ oef;zdk&yf Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;vSarmifonf 'kwd,wef;txd +rdwf+rdK@
oef;zdk&yfwGif ausmif;aecJhonf? 1945 ckESpfrS 1953 ckESpftxd xm;0,f+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif
q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1954 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (20)&ufae@wGif wyfrawmfodk@ wyfom;tqifh
jzifhpwif0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1959 ckESpf/ ZGefvwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m¶Sd 'kwd,Adkvf ucsif(4)/ vdGKifvif/ ppfudkif;
usdKif;wHkwdk@wGif aEGOD;ppfqifa&;YygI aoewf'%f&m&¶SdcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif Adkvftqifh evu OuUX/ ppf
udkif;/ jynfc¶dkif oJukef;/ aygif;wnfwdk@wGif 1970 jynfhESpftxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif e,f
bufwm0efrS ppfbufwm0eftjzpf cv&(48) awmifilwGif wyfa&;/ wyfcGJrª; ponfjzifh atmifpdk;rdk;ppfqif
a&;wGif yg0ifcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd tv,fydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf/ pcef;rª; r*Fvm'Hk/ awmifil
atmifpdk;rdk;ppfqifa&;wdk@wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd wyfcGJrª; Adkvfrª;/ ppfa=umif;rª;/ cv&
(65) rdkif;wHk/ usdKif;wHk/ rdkif;jyif;/ rdkif;pyfe,fajrwdk@wGif rdk;[def;(1)(2)(3)ppfqifa&;wdk@wGif yg0ifcJhonf? 1979 ck
ESpfwGif wyf&if;rª;/ cv&(97) aumhu&dwf/ jr0wD/ bm;tH/ 1984 ckESpfwGif 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;tqifhjzifh wyfrS
t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? ZeD; a':oef;arESifh om;(4)a,muf/ orD;(3)a,muf¶Sdonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv
(27)&ufae@wGif armfv+rdKif+rdK@aetdrfY uG,fvGefonf?
4? =umtif;qdyf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;=uifodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;=uifodef;onf =umtif;qdyf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2398)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²3)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH
cJh&onf? tz OD;ygtkd.om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckESpfwGif a&;òrd@YarG;zGm;cJhonf? oli,fwef;rSajcmufwef;txd
armfvòrdif+rdK@wGifvnfaumif;/ ajcmufwef;rSq,fwef;atmifonftxd =umtif;qdyf}uD;+rdK@wGifvnf;aumif;/
1971 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd armfvòrdifaumvdyfwGifvnf;aumif; ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1970 ckESpfESifh
1975 ckESpfrsm;u armfvòrdifaumvdyfYjzpfyGm;cJhaom tpkd;&qef@usifa&;qENjyyGJrsm;wGif OD;aqmifyg0ifcJhonf?
1976 ckESpfrwfvrS pufwifbmv(4)&ufae@txd EdkifiHa&;jypfr_jzihf armfvòrdifaxmifwGifxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&
onf? 0dZ…mbJG@udk(yx0Dt"du)jzihf&cJhonf? 1976 ckESpfwGif a':cifoef;jrifhESifhvufxyfonf? 1977 ckESpfrS
1982 ckESpftxd òrd@e,for0g,rtoif; (y)pma&;/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd jyef§oH vufaxmuf
pm=unfhwkdufr–;/ 1985 ckESpfwGif =umtif;qdyf}uD;òrd@e,faumifpD0if/ òrd@e,fw&m;ol}uD;tzJG@0if(tcsdefydkif;)/
òrd@e,faumfr&Sif twGif;a&;r–;/ 1988 ckESpf/ ZGefv (20)&ufae@wGifzGifhvSpfcJhaom A[kdEkdifiHa&;wuUodkvf
tajccHEkdifiHa&;oifwef; trSwfpOf(60)odk@ wufa&mufcJh+yD; oifwef;r+yD;qHk;rD =o*kwfv (28)&ufae@wGif
=umtif;qdyf}uD;òrd@e,fokd@jyefvmcJh+yD;/ ta&;tcif;umvwGif 'Drdkua&pDwkdufyGJ0ifaeolrsm;ESifhyl;aygif;cJhonf?
a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifwGif ygwDrsm;rSwfyHkwifcGifh&&Sd+yD;aemuf =umtif;qdyf}uD;òrd@wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyfqkdif;bkwfwif&mwGifODaqmifcJhI tvkyfrStem;ay;jcif;cH&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf u&if
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jynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;ESifh òrd@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX wm0efwdk@,lcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
(9)&ufae@wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)jzifh axmif
'%f(7)ESpfcsrSwfcJhonf? 2001 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif armfv+rdKifaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
5? zmyGefjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;atmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmifoef;onf zmyGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2574)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²34)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
zmyGefòrd@e,f/ urarmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;v_dif/ trd a':vSwifwkd@rS 1939 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv
(21)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifoef;onf urarmif;/ w±kwfvSESifh bm;tH+rdK@wkd@wGifausmif;aecJh+yD;
udk;wef;atmifcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfwGif urarmif;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;Y rlvwef;jy/ 1981 ckESpfwGif
t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf u&ifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0if wm0ef,lcJhonf?
6? zmyGefjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;bat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;bat;onf zmyGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(516)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²55)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1946 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;}uD;&if.om;jzpfonf? OD;bat;onf 'kwd,ESpf0dZ…mwef;atmifjrifcJhI
1965 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd rlvwef;jyq&m/ 1977 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd zmyGef+rdK@e,f ygwD,lepf
aumfrwD0if jzpfcJhonf?
7? bm;tHjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;apmcspfoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;apmcspfoef;onf bm;tH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18272)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²69)jzihfh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? oxHk+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;vif;/ trd a':vSa&$wdk@rS 1926 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (17)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;apmcspfoef;onf oxHk+rdK@ t*Fvdyf-jrefrm tpkd;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif tXrwef;txd
ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1942 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)Y *syefjyef &JabmfoHk;usdyf0if
Adkvfr–;Om%.wyf&if;wGif wyfom;tjzpf0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1944-45 ckESpfwGif oxHkc±dkif u&ifajymufusm;
tzJG@ zJG@pnf;I jrefrmhwyfrawmfwkdif;(4)ESifhwGJzufI zufqpf*syefrsm;udkawmfvSecf Jhonf? 1945 ckESpfwGif
ref;bcdkif(tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD;/ usqHk;) OuUX tjzpfaqmif&Gufaom u&ifvli,ftpnf;t±Hk;wGif oxHk
c±kdif twGif;a&;r–;/ xkdESpfwGifyif oxHkc±dkif z-q-y-v tzJG@wGif tvkyftr_aqmiftzJJG@0ifjzpfvmcJhonf?
yifvHknDvmcHusif;yaomtcg oHvGifc±kdifrS u&iftrsKd;om;udk,fpm;vS,f zmyGefe,frSOD;apmcspfwD;xHodk@
apmzdk;ZH/ a'gufwmapmvSxGef;wkd@ESifhtwloGm;a&mufI rdrdwkd@e,fajr&Sdvlxkonf jynfrESifhyl;aygif;vkdonfh
qEN&Sda=umif;udk today;wifjyaqG;aEG;cJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;aemuf 1948 ckESpf/ atmufwkdbmvwGif
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apmzdk;ZH(AdkvfndKcif)/ a'gufwmapmvSxGef;/ apmvlvlwdk@ESifhtwl vJAD;(pf)wyfzJG@I oxHkc±dkifESifhusdKuQrDc±dkifwkd@
wGif jynfaxmifpkròyduGJa&;twGuf umuG,fwkdufckdufcJhonf? 1949 ckESpfOD;ydkif;wGif u&iftrsKd;om;taysmf
wrf;wyfudkxyfrHzJG@pnf;I jynfaxmifpkudkumuG,fcJhonf? xkdpOfu a'gufwmapmvSxGef;ESifhapmvlvlwdk@u
EkdifiHa&;wm0ef/ apmbmomu pnf;±Hk;a&;wm0ef/ apmcspfoef;u wdkufcdkufa&;wm0efwdk@udk toD;oD;,lcJh
onf? 1952 ckESpf/ yxrt}udrfygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJwGif oxHkc±dkifajrmufydkif; jynfol@v$wfawmftrwf/
1955 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd u&ifjynfe,ftpkd;&0ef}uD;tzJG@wGif ygvDreftwGif;0ef/ 1960 jynfhESpf
a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;aemuf 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@ awmfvSefa&;aumifpDrwufrDumvtxd u&if
jynfe,ftpkd;&0ef}uD;tzJG@wGif ynma&;ESifhusef;rma&;0ef}uD;/ 1962 ckESpf/ awmfvSefa&;aumifpDvufxuf
wGif u&ifjynfe,fOD;pD;tzJG@Y v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;ESifhopfawma&;wm0efcHtjzpf 1963 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbm
v (3)&ufae@txdaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1963 ckESpf/ atmufwkdbmv (4)&ufae@rSpI (4)ESpf/ (5)v=umr#
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpkd;&.xdef;odrf;jcif;cH&onf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif EdkifiHh*k%f&nfbJG@('kwd,qifh)csD;jr‡ifh
jcif;cHcJh&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[kdOD;pD;/ u&ifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0efcH/ rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;
rsm;tzJG@ jynfe,fpnf; wJGzufwm0efcHtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? e0w ppftpdk;&u ‚if;tm; 1950 jynfhESpf/
ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr(5)/ yk'frcGJ(u)(c)ESifh(n)wdk@jzifh ta&;,lcJh+yD; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG
a±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (9)&ufae@&ufpGJyga=unmcsuftrSwf(1016)jzifh
jynfol‹v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfr!hfa±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y
yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? e0w u ‚if;tm; 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (26)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdef
tusOf;axmifrS jyefv$wfay;cJhonf?
OD;xGef;cspf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;xGef;cspfonf bm;tH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17574)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(59²24)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
tz OD;axG;/ trd a':uGefrmwkd@rS 1948 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? xHk;tkdifaus;&Gm
Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGef;cspfonf 1968 ckESpfwGif tajccHynmtxufwef;pmar;yGJatmifjrifI 1972 ckESpfwGif
at*sDwDtdkif(trfyD)jzifh pufr_ody`Htif;pdefrSatmifjrifcJhonf? pufr_vkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;onf?
eef;cifaxG;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
eef;cifaxG;jrifhonf bm;tH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(3)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m rJay;ydkifcGifh¶Sdol(52590)/ rJay;ol(29737)¶SdonfhteufrS cdkifvHkrJ(18423)rJ/ pkpk
aygif; rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²74)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz u&ifjynfe,f0ef}uD;a[mif;(yxptpdk;&
vufxuf u&ifjynfe,faumifpD OuUX/ awmfvSefa&;aumifpDvufxuf u&ifjynfe,fOD;pD;tzGJ@ OuUX)
a'gufwmOD;apmvSxGef;/ trd a':trmwdk@rS orD; 10-5-1954 ckESpf/ arv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
armfv+rdK@if+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? eef;cifaxG;jrifhonf 1975 ckESpfwGif pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvf 'kwd,ESpfY ynm
oif=um;aepOf ZGefvausmif;om;ta&;tcif;Yyg0ifv_yf&Smr_jzifh xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1978 ckESpfwGif
xdef;odrf;cHcJh&mrS vGwfajrmufvm+yD; pD;yGm;a&;0dZ…mbJG@udk pmay;pm,ljzifh&,lcJhonf? 1989 ckESpftxd u&if
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jynfe,ftcGefXme wGifwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (25)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@odk@
oGm;&ef ul;wdk@qdyfodk@tqif;/ ZufqdyfwGif ‚if;pD;eif;vdkyfygvmonfhum;tm; ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS Zufa&
,mOfay:odk@wufcGifhray;bJwm;qD;cJhojzifh tdrfodk@jyefvmcJh&onf? tdrfta&muf trSwf(25)axmufvSrf;a&;
wyfrSvmac:+yD; wyfrª;jzpfolAdkvfrª;}uD;cifarmif=unfrS ¶dkif;jypGm}udrf;armif;ajymqdkqufqHI xdknrSpI 1996
ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae@txd ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;trSwf(25)rS ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&
onf? 1998 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (10)&ufae@wGif tpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&eftwGuf &efukef+rdK@odk@c&D;xGuf
vmpOf rGefjynfe,f/ oxHk+rdK@rD;&xm;blwm¶HkwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS ‚if;.ypPnf;rsm;tm; ta=umif;¶Smppf
aq;cJhojzifh tcsif;rsm;cJhonfwGif jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (353) ‘jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;wm0ef0wW&m;xrf;
aqmifpOfaESmifh,Sufr_’jzifh zrf;qD;w&m;pGJqdkjcif;cHcJh&+yD; 1998 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (11)&ufae@wGif oufao
ryg/ a¶S@aerygbJ tusOf;enf;ppfaq;I tvkyfESifhaxmif'%f(2)ESpfjypf'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf?
10? jr0wDjrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdefAdkvf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdefAkdvfonf jr0wD+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(4283)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(75²87)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? wef@qnf
òrd@e,f/ a&OD;ukef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;oef@/ trd a':cspfr,fwkd@. om;orD;oHk;a,mufwGif
ti,fqHk;jzpf+yD;/ 1947 ckESpf/ rwfv (15)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdefAdkvfonf a&OD;òrd@e,frlvwef;
ausmif;rS 1953 ckESpfwGif pwkwˆwef;atmifjrifI 1965 ckESpfwGif uef@bvltpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS e0r
wef;atmifjrifonf? 1965 ckESpfrS 1966 ckESpftxd a=u;eef;qufpma&;(,m,D)/ v,fxGefpufjyif tqifh(3)/
1969 ckESpfwGif q,fweff;atmifI wd&p>mefarG;jrLa&;ESifhaq;ukoa&;wuUodkvfodk@0ifcGifh&onf? 1975 ckESpf
wGif wdarG;ukwuUodkvf/ &efukefrS ('DAGDtufpf)bJG@&cJhonf? xkdESpfwGif a':aomif;&ifESifhvufxyfI om;orD;
oHk;OD;xGef;um;onf? 1984 ckESpf/ =um;jzwfa&G;aumufyJGwGif òrd@e,fjynfol@aumifpD0iftjzpfta&G;cHcJh&+yD;
oufwef;ukefqHk;onftxdaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tzJG@0ifjzpfvm+yD;
jr0wDòrd@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwDwGif 'kkwd,OuUX tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG
a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1999 ckESpf/ arv (20)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1457)jzifh jynfol@
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
11? v_dif;bGJ@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;apmxGef;az/ u&ifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf?
OD;apmxGef;azonf v_dif;bGJ@+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif u&ifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? tz OD;apmcGefql.om;jzpfonf? 1918 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? z¶lqdk+rdK@
e,f/ =uufzdk;}uD;aus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;apmxGef;azonf wuUodkvf0ifwef;udk awmif}uD;+rdK@ atbDtifef
[dkufpul;rSatmifjrifcJhonf? 1941 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbGJ@ukdvnf;aumif;/ 1959 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ…mbGJ@udkvnf;
aumif;/ &efukefwuUodkvfrS&¶SdcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd +rdK@ydkif/ e,fydkif/ rSwfyHkwift&m¶Sd/ xdkrS
u&ifjynfe,fOD;pD;tzGJ@ twGif;0eftjzpf wm0eftoD;oD;xrf;aqmifcJh+yD;aemuf wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?
u&ifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyfwGif OD;pD;em,utjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf?
- 97 -
12? vd_if;bGJ@jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;apmxGef;vGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;apmxGef;vGifonf v_dif;bJG@+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,f

pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvrHk J(8573)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(80²32)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? OD;apmxGef;vGifonf tz OD;xDarmif/ trd a':zkef;a&$wkd@rS 1917 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;
zGm;cJhonf? v_dif;bJG@òrd@e,f/ axm&GJ&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;apmxGef;vGifonf 1941 ckESpfwGif *s'fqifaumvdyfrS
0dZ…mbJG@&cJhonf? jrefrmEdkifiH0efxrf;/ u&ifjynfe,f0efxrf;/ bm;tHc±dkif0efxrf;tjzpf 1972 ckESpftxd
aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif 0ÀausmfxifbJG@csD;jr‡ifhjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1978 ckESpftxd u&ifjynfe,f
w&m;a&;OD;pD;r–;tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? oufjynfhyifpif,l+yD;aemuf tcgtm;avsmfpGm a&S@aetjzpfvkdufyg
aqmif¶Gufonf? v,f,mudkif;u|ef;rsm;udkudk,fwkdifvkyfudkifcJhonf?
13? oHawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;tm&fyDaomif;/ u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@?
OD;tm&fyDaomif;onf oHawmifjrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwf

a&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(3764)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(44²0)jzifh
a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;eDpDaomif;.om;jzpfonf? 1922 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (24)&uf
ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;tm&fyDaomif;onf tv,fwef;ynmudk (tmpDtrf)ausmif;/ awmifil/ txufwef;
ynmudk pdef@yDwmt*Fvdyftxufwef;ausmif;/ rEWav;/ wuUodkvfynmudk &efukefwuUodkvfESifh xdkrS zdvpf
ydkifEdkifiH/ reDvmwuUodkvfwGif jynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&;0dZ…mbGJ@&,lcJhonf? 'kwd,urBmppftwGif; (U.S. Army
Det. 101)wyf tr_xrf;/ a&'D,dkatmfya&wmtjzpf 1945 ckESpf/ rwfvtwGif; tif;pdefc¶dkif *sdK;jzLa'o wGif
avxD;jzifhqif;I bD'DatwyfESifhyl;aygif;umzufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGifyg0ifqifE$JcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfrS 1982
ckESpftxd +rdK@ydkif/ e,fydkif/ &efukefwdkif;jynfol@aumifpDwGif 'k¶Hk;tzGJ@rª; ponfjzifh wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmif
cJh+yD;aemuf oufjynfhyifpif,lcJhonf? 'kwd,urBmppfavsmfa=u;udpP/ ynmawmfoif/ tpdk;&a&mif;0,fa&;
rpf¶Sif tzGJ@vkyfief;/ ponfwdk@twGuf *syefEdkifiH/ zdvpfydkifEdkifiH/ tDwvDEdkifiH/ taemuf*smreDEdkifiH/ 'def;rwfEdkifiH/
a[mfvefEdkifiH/ jyifopfEdkifiH/ t*FvefEdkifiH/ tar&duefEdkifiHrsm;odk@oGm;a&mufcJhonf? u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;
pnf;vHk; nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ OD;pD;em,uESifh jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
obmywd tzGJ@0if wm0efrsm;,lcJhpOf e0w. 1§90 trdef@tm; qef@usifr_jzifh oufqdkif&mrSxdef;odrf;jcif;
cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5)(n)jzifh jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cHcJh&I
a¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdk
ua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@pGJjzifh a=unmcJh
onf?
14? oHawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;apmApfwmcvdkuf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 98 -
OD;apmApfwmcvkdufonf oHawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;
udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(3798)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²76)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;
cHcJh&onf? tz OD;apmcvdkufxGef;0if;.om;jzpfonf? oHawmif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1948 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf?
OD;apmApfwmcvdkufonf tajccHynmtxufwef;udk (c)tqifhjzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? 1967-68 ckESpfwGif
q&mjzpfwpfESpfoifwef;wufI 1968 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd vufaxmufrlvwef;jy/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1981
ckESpftxd rlvwef;ausmif;tkyf/ 1981-82 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;jy/ 1985 ckESpfwGift+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?
1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd oHawmifòrd@/ +rdK@r&yfuGufjynfol@aumifpDtwGif;a&;r–;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJh
onf? OD;apmApfwmcvdkufonf 1950 jynf@ESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5)(n)jzifh jypf'%fcH&I
1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (25)&ufae@wGif v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
(4) csif;jynfe,f?
ajrmufbufESifhta¶S@bufwGif ppfudkif;wdkif;/ awmifbufwGif rauG;wdkif;ESifh &cdkifjynfe,f/ taemuf

bufwGif tdENd,EdkifiHESifh b*Fvm;a'h¶SfEdkifiHwdk@ wnf¶Sdonf?
csif;jynfe,fwGif rJqENe,f(13)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(8)cktm;udk,fpm;jyK,SOf+ydKifol v$wf

awmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(53)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;(2)OD;/ pkpkaygif;(55)OD;wdk@ 0if
a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(4)ae&m/ csif;trsdK;om;'Drku d a&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(3)ae&m/
ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&ufESifh woD;yk*~vwdk@(2)ae&mpD/ r&mjynfol@ygwDESifhwdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
wdk@rS(1)ae&mpD toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?
1? uefyufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;vdef;[m/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD?
OD;vdef;[monf uefyufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm; udk,f

pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2361)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(36²72)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? tz OD;[mxef;/ trd a':tGJtGrfwdk@rS 1945 ckEpS f/ rwfv (3)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vdef;[m
onf uefyufvuf+rdK@ tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ aqm+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;
cJhI 1969-70 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;udk(c)tqifhjzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrSpI uefyufvuf+rdK@e,f
ygwD,lepfwGif vkyftm;ay;/ 1971 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fygwD,lepf¶Hk;wGif 0efxrf;/ 1974 ckESpfrS
1977 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fvrf;pOfvli,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwDwGif twGif;a&;rª;/ 1977 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd
+rdK@e,fygwD,lepf twGif;a&;rª;/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fygwD,lepf OuUX/ ygwDnDvmcHudk,fpm;
vS,f/ csif;jynfe,fa'oygwDaumfrwD0ifjzpfcJhonf?
2? wD;wdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)?
OD;iifhxef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 99 -
OD;iifhxefonf wD;wdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI
1944 zGm;/ wD;wdefZmwd/ tz OD;AsJvfykef;/ trd a':usifhvGifwkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ rwfv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh
onf? OD;iifhxefonf zl;EGrf;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;wGif rlvwef;ynmpoifcJh+yD;/ 1958 ckESpfwGif (4)wef;
paumvm;&Spf&cJhonf? ,if;aemuf Aef;wJhtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ wD;wdeftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/
xkwfvkdiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wGifynmoif=um;cJh&m 1975 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;pmar;yGJatmifjrif
onf? 1976 ckESpfwGif wGef;ZHòrd@e,fOya'±Hk;wGif ±Hk;tkyfpma&;}uD;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmif&if;/ pmay;pm,ljzifh
Oya'ynmqufvufoif=um;cJh&m 1984 ckESpfwGif Oya'bJG@&onf? 1988 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSE_wfxGufI
wD;wdefòrd@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif tzGJ@0ifcJh+yD; pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1969 ckESpf
wGif a':[kefeJrfESifhvufxyfI om;(4)a,muf/ orD;(2)a,mufxGef;um;onf?
3? wD;wdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
ylusifh&Sif;xef/ ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf?
ylusifh¶Sif;xefonf wD;wdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(5418)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(41²51)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
OD;qGrf;[ef.om;jzpfonf? 1938 ckESpf/ {+yDv (6)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ylusifh¶Sif;xefonf Zrf;yDtpdk;&
rlvwef;ausmif;/ wD;wdef+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ rEWav;+rdK@wdkif;cspfausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhI
1958 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifonf? &efukefwuUodkvfY qufvufynmoif=um;cJh&m 1963-64 ckESpf
wGif csif;ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ OuUX/ xdkrS 1964 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHa&;ody`Hbmom/ t*Fvdyfpm/ pmpDpmuHk;wdk@jzifh
0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? xdkESpfrSmyif r'Gef@cifanmifESifhvufxyfonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd &efukef
wuUodkvf Oya'ynmXmewGif qufvufynmoif=um;cJh&m 1967 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…m(Oya')bGJ@/ 1968 ckESpfwGif
Oya'0dZ…m (LL.B.) bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif tvkyfoifa¶S@ae/ 1971 ckESpfrSpI w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@aetjzpf
aqmif¶GufcJhonf? ylusifh¶Sif;xefonf i,fpOfausmif;om;b0uwnf;uyif EdkifiHa&;v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;wGif wuf
ºuGpGmyg0ifv_yf¶Sm;chonf? awmif}uD;nDvmcHodk@ ausmif;om;or*~acgif;aqmifwOD;tjzpf wufa&mufcJh
onf? 1961 ckESpfwGif jynfe,frsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDESifh tm%m¶SifOD;ae0if;tm; tpOfwpdkufqef@usifcJholwOD;jzpfonf? 1972 ckESpf
wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'a&;qGJa&;twGuf jynfolrsm;xHrSt}uHOm%frsm;awmif;cH
onfwGif zuf'&,fa&;&mudpP&yfrsm;ESifhywfoufI a0zeft}uHay;cJhojzifh 1972 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv
(30)&ufae@rS 1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (3)&ufae@txd &efukef+rdK@/ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;A[dkppfa=uma&;pcef;wGif
zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; ppfa=umjcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf 1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (4)&ufae@rS =o*kwfv (24)&ufae@
txd rEWav;tusOf;axmifwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1986 ckESpfwGif uav;+rdK@e,fa¶S@ae}uD;rsm;
tzGJ@wGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1992 ckESp/f rwfv (12)&ufae@rS (19)&ufae@txd uav;+rdK@wGif
zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&+yD;puwnf;
u wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmif/ ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf. OuUXjzpfojzifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;. teD;uyfapmifh
=uyf=unfh¶_@r_udkcHcJh&oljzpfonf? 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (12)&ufae@ eHeuf(4)em&DtcsdefwGif ppfaxmuf
vSrf;a&;rS aetdrfodk@vma&mufzrf;qD;+yD;/ &efukef+rdK@odk@ac:aqmifum vlrqefpGmppfa=umar; jref;r_udkcHcJh&+yD;
rwfv (19)&ufae@wGifrSjyefv$wfay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;tm; e0wrS zsufodrf;aeonfhumv
1993 ckESpf/ arv (10)&ufae@wGif uav;+rdK@YxrfrHzrf;qD;cHcJh&+yD; aetdrftus,fcsKyfb0jzifh ppfaxmuf
vSrf;a&;trSwf(17)rSt&m¶SdxH eHeuf(8)em&Dw}udrf/ nae(5)em&Dw}udrf owif;ydk@aecJh&onf? a¶S@aetjzpf
- 100 -
toufarG;0rf;a=umif;vkyfief;udkygvkyfcGifhrjyKojzifh rdom;pkpm;0wfaea&;tcufawG@cJh&onf? ZGefv (1)&uf
ae@txdjzpfonf? 'Drdkua&pDESifhvl@tcGifhta&;twGufqufvufaqmif¶Gufojzifh 1996 ckESpf/ atmufwdk
bmv (10)&ufae@rS(24)&ufae@txd xyfrHxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&jyefonf? ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;.n‡Of;yrf;ESdyfpuf
r_a=umifh usef;rma&;,dk,Gif;vmonftxdjzpfcJh&onf? ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&ufA[dkwGif OuUX jzpfonf?
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u 1990 jynfhESpf/ a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm; taumiftxnf
azmfray;ojzifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd ;pkjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;yg0ifonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfw&yfudk
r=umrDac:,lrnfjzpfa=umif;/ 1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwv f (21)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJht+yD; ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkEdkifiHa&;ygwDacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfol ylusifh¶Sif;xeftm; 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6)&uf
ae@rS 1999 ckESpf/ rwfv (14)&ufae@txd &efukef+rdK@wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? yxr &JrGef¶Sd trSwf
(220)ajcjrefwyf&if;wGifxdef;odrf;xm;cJh+yD;aemuf udk;rdkifcGJ¶Sd ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;wyfpcef;wGif ajymif;a¶$@I
oD;jcm;csKyfaESmifxm;cJh&m ausmufuyfESifhtjcm;a&m*ga0'emrsm;jzpfyGm;cJh+yD;/ usef;rma&;csdK@,Gif;vmojzifh
ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSjyefv$wfay;cJhonf? jyefvGwfvm+yD; &efukef+rdK@/ qmul&maq;cef;wGif aq;0g;ukocJh&
onf? 1999 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (16)&ufae@wGif urBmhukvor*~ vufaxmuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;
csKyf rpPwmt,fvfAm¶dk'DqdkwdkrS wdkif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; &efukef+rdK@¶Sd/ ukvor*~
zGH@+zdK;r_tpDtpOf¶Hk;wGif awG@qHkcJh&mwGif yg0ifojzifh 1999 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (3)&ufae@rS 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv
(15)&ufae@txd ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;.zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 2002 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23)
&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD(pDtm&fyDyD)wdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf
.udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf yg0ifvmcJhonf?
4? wGef;ZH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
wmefxefvsef;aygif/ ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf?
wmefxefvsef;aygifonf wGef;ZH+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(3483)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(36²35)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1960
jynfhESpf/ {+yDv (18)&ufae@wGif tz OD;cgwfcef@xef/ trd a':anmif;usifhwdk@rSarG;zGm;cJhonf? wGef;ZH+rdK@e,f/ yef
rGmvfaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? wmefxefvsef;aygifonf yefrGmvfaus;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ axG;rGDtpdk;&
tv,fwef;ausmif;/ wrl;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wd@k wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1980 jynfhESpfrS 1982
ckESpftxd rHk¶Gma'oaumvdyf/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd rEWav;wuUodkvfwdk@wGif qufvufynmoif
=um;cJhum bDtufpfpD(*k%fxl;)bGJ@&cJhonf? 1984 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpt f xd &efukefwuUodkvfwGif r[mody`H
aemufqHk;ESpftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrSpI vrf;pOfvli,foifwef;/ vrf;pOfvli,facgif;aqmif
oifwef;/ vrf;pOfvli,frGrf;rHoifwef;wdk@wufcJhonf? 1983-84 ckESpfwGif rEWav;wuUodkvf csif;wdkif;&if;
om;pmayESifh,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD twGif;a&;rª;/ wdkif;&if;om;pmayESifh,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD tzGJ@0if/ 1985-86
ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvf wdkif;&if;om;,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD tzGJ@0if/ 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvtxd ZdkrD;trsdK;
om;uGef*&ufwGif taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
5? xefwvef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
a'gufwmr_xef/ woD;yk*~v?
- 101 -
a'gufwmr_xefonf xefwvef+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif woD;yk*~tjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ
(7322)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(38²02)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;[JoGrf;.om;jzpfonf?
1948 ckESpf/ arv (16)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifI 1973 ckESpf
wGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbGJ@(trfbDbDtufpf)&cJhonf? 1973 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd rEWav;
jynfol@aq;¶Hk}uD;wGif tvkyfoifq&m0ef/ 1976 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd wGef;ZH+rdK@e,fESifh zvrf;+rdK@e,fwdk@wGif
vufaxmufq&m0ef/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd xefwvef+rdK@e,fq&m0ef/ xdkrS 1989 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv
(23)&ufae@wGif &mxl;rSEkwfxGufcJhonf? +rdK@e,fq&m0eftjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifpOf yÌrt}udrfygwDnDvmcH
udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ pwkwˆt}udrfjynfe,fjynfol@aumifpD(tcsdefydkif;)tjzpfvnf;aumif;aqmif
¶GufcJhonf? a'gufwmr_xeftay: ‚if;.a¶G;aumufyGJ,SOf+ydKifbuf csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS OD;EGef
tkyfrS a¶G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;cJhojzifh a¶G;aumufyGJcHktrSwf(5)rS =um;emppfaq;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
,cifu trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tzGJ@0ifjzpfcJh+yD; tzGJ@csKyfA[dkESifhoabmxm;rwkdufqdkifojzifh tzGJ@csKyfrS
EkwfxGuf+yD; woD;yk*~tjzpf a¶G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
6? yvuf0+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;ausmfxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ausmfxGef;onf yvuf0+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(3961)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(38²18)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1945 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (14)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? yvuf0òrd@e,f/ xGDykef;0aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf?
tz OD;vkdif;zm;.om;jzpfonf? OD;ausmfxGef;onf i&Sm;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ yvuf0+rdK@tpdk;&txuf
wef;ausmif;/ &efukefòrd@jynfaxmifpktxufwef;ausmif;wkd@Yynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yJG
atmifjrifcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfwGif yvuf0+rdK@e,fukefoG,fa&;wGif pma&;0efxrf;/ xkdrS 1967 ckESpfwGif
r'D,mESifhvufxyfI om;oHk;a,muf/ orD;oHk;a,mufxGef;um;onf? 1972 ckESpfwGif yvuf0òrd@e,f evu
twGif;a&;r–;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxfd yvuf0+rdK@e,faumifpD twGif;a&;r–;/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpf
txd òrd@e,fvkyfief;ppf OuUX/ 1984 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif ppfawGòrd@Y wnf;ckd&dyfompcef; 0,f,lzGifhvSpf
jcif;udkOD;aqmifr_ay;cJhjcifhtwGuf òrd@e,fjynfol@aumifpD OuUX wm0efrS&yfqkdif;jcif;cH&onf? 1985 ckESpfwGif
pm;axG±Hk;csKyf/ &efukefòrd@odk@ajymif;a&$@onf? 1989 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif u|rf;usiftqifh(8)&mxl;jzifh t+idrf;pm;
,lcJhonf? yvuf0òrd@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ csif;jynfe,ftrsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzJG@0iftjzpfvnf;aumif; wm0ef,lcJhonf?
7? yvuf0+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;axG;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;axG;atmif (c) OD;xkyfatmifonf yvuf0+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD

tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(2732)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(31²38)jzifh a&G;cs,f
wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;cifwvd.om;jzpfonf? yvuf0òrd@e,f/ zvHkacsmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf?
1945 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;axG;atmif (c) OD;xkyfatmifonf 1959-60 ckESpfwGif yvuf0+rdK@e,f
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd zGH@òzd;a&;ody`H(ppfudkif;)wdk@wGifynmoif=um;cJhI
1965-66 ynmoifESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yJGatmifjrifcJhonf? 1967-68 ckESpfwGif rlvwef;jy
- 102 -
q&m/ 1969 ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd rlvwef;ausmif;tkyf/ 1972 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;jyq&moifwef;
atmifjrifcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd yvuf0òrd@e,fvkyfief;
ppftzJG@0if/ 1978-79 ckESpfwGif òrd@e,faumifpDtwGif;a&;r–;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
8? zvrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
pDauwdkufuGJvf/ csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
pDauwdkufuGJvfonf zvrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cJh&onf? Adkvfrª;wdkufuGJvf(t+idrf;pm;/ uG,fvGef).om;jzpfonf? 1929 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (20)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? pDauwdkufuGJvfonf 1948 ckESpfrS 1954 ckESpftxd tar&duefjynfaxmifpkodk@ ynmawmf
oifoGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrSpI v#yfppf"mwftm;ay;a&;tzGJ@(jrefrmhv#yfppf"mwftm;ay;a&;vkyf
ief;)wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh&m 1971 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (31)&ufae@txd 'kwd,tif*sifeD,m
csKyf tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (1)&ufae@rSpI oufjynfht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?
bD tufpfpD/ tdkiftD;tD;bGJ@ESifh trfat/ tdkiftD;tD;bGJ@wdk@&¶SdcJhonf? csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif
em,u wm0ef,lcJhonf?
9? zvrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmZvS,fxef/ csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmZvS,fxefonf zvrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

tm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(4753)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(50²28)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡muf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1944 ckESpf/ {+yDv (6)&ufae@wGif tz OD;[&ef¶Sif/ trd a':acgvsefpGJwdk@rSarG;zGm;cJhonf? zvrf;
+rdK@e,f/ uavrGef¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmZvS,fxefonf 1964 ckESpfwGif &efukef+rdK@ +rdK@rtxufwef;
ausmif;rS 'orwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd &efukefaq;wuUodkvf(1)wGif q&m0ef
(trfbDbDtufpf)bGJ@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1979 ckESpfrSpI uav;+rdK@/ wm[ef;&yfwGif udk,fydkif
aq;cef;zGifhxm;cJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&D
v (22)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(914)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;aumufwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHxm;&oltjzpfrS y,fzsufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? ,if;a=unmcsufwGif a'gufwmZvS,fxef
onf yHkESdyfolrsm;ESifhxkwfa0olrsm;rSwfyHkwifOya' yk'fr(20)tm;usL;vGefcJhojzifh uav;+rdK@e,fw&m;¶Hk;. jypf
r_}uD;trSwf(137§90)t& ta&;,lv#uf¶SfdpOf ,if;onf tdENd,EdkifiH/ rDZdk&rfjynfe,f/ tdkufaZm+rdK@odk@ wdrf;
a¶Smifaexdkifv#uf¶SdonfhtwGuf w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmxm;a=umif;/ oufqdkif&mw&m;¶Hk;.pD&ifcsufwGif
azmfjyxm;onfudkawG@¶Sd&ojzifh OD;ZvS,fxefonf EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfwjynfwGifaexdkifjcif;tm;jzifh jrefrm
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&.aus;Zl;opPmawmfudk cH,lapmifha¶Smufjcif;rjyKawmhbJ EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&.vufatmufcH
tjzpfa&muf¶SdaeonfudkawG@¶Sd&onf? odk@ygI OD;ZvS,fxefonf jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr
(11) yk'frcGJ(C)ESifh +idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHxm;&oltjzpf
qufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGifhr¶Sdawmha=umif;ESifh ,if;tm; jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;aumufwif
ajr‡mufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS y,fzsufvdkufa=umif;azmfjyyg¶o Sd nf? xdk@jyif csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif
- 103 -
b¾ma&;rª;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhaom a'gufwmZvS,fxeftm; csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS 1991 ckESpf/
Zlvdkifv (12)&ufae@wGif xkwfy,fcJhonf?
10? rwlyD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;¶dktkyf/ r&mjynfol@ygwD(r-y-y)?
OD;¶dktkyfonf rwlyD+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif r&mjynfol@ygwD(r-y-y)tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(3450)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(34²13)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rwlyD
+rdK@e,f/ wD;qD;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSaxG;/ trd a':aeulwdk@rS 1957 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (3)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;onf? OD;¶dktkyfonf wD;qD;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ vdkufvif;yDtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rkwWr
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1981-82 ynmoifESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf?
1983-84 ckESpfwGif =unfhjrifwdkifa'oaumvdyf(3)wGif yxrESpfESifh'kwd,ESpfwdk@udkwufa&mufatmifjrifcJh+yD;/
1986-87 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvf(yifr)wGif wwd,ESpfoifwef;odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? rkwWrtpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJhpOfu ynmxl;c|efqk&cJhonf? wuUodkvf 'kwd,ESpfESifhwwd,ESpf
rsm;wGif r&me,fvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;tpnf;t¶Hk; OuUX tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ rwlyD+rdK@e,fwuUodkvf
ausmif;om;rsm;toif;wGifvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf?
11? rwlyD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;a&$xef; (c) OD;aqGxm;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;a&$xef; (c) OD;aqGxm;onf rwlyD+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(4417)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(47²51)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? rwlyD+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cdwHk/ trd a':axG&ifwkd@rS 1947 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (4)&uf
ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;a&$xef; (c) OD;aqGxm;onf avuef;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ pmvfawmif&Gm
tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rwlyD+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ rif;wyf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif
ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd ppfudkif;/ wdkif;&if;om;zG@Hòzd;a&;ody`H trSwfpOf(1)odk@
wuf a&mufatmifjrifcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1973 ckESpftxd rlvwef;ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD;/ 1973 ckESpfrS
1985 ckESpftxd rwlyD+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1981 ckESpfwGif A[dkEkdifiHa&;
wuUodkvfwGif tvkyform;pDrHcef@cJGr_oifwef;wufcJhonf? 1984 ckESpfwGif t,fvft,fvfbDbJG@ESifh 1987
ckESpfwGif bDtD;'DbJG@&onf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd rwlyD+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD tvkyftr_aqmif
tzG@J0if/ 1986 ckESpfwGif tajccHEkdifiHa&;oifwef;wufcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmvtxd tv,fwef;
ausmif;tkyfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD; a&G;aumufyJGwGifyg0if,SOfòydifta&G;cH&eftwGuf 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv
(1)&ufae@rSpI vuf&Sd&mxl;rSE_wfxGufcJhonf?
12? rif;wyf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;&Sdef;azvdef;/ csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 104 -
OD;¶Sdef;azvdef;onf rif;wyf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI
0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(5542)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(42²09)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
OD;edef¶Sdef;az/ trd a':xef;vD;¶_wdk@rS 1939 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;¶Sdef;azvdef;
onf vSd¶Hk;¶Gmbkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;/ rif;wyftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh&m pwkwˆ
wef;ESifh owWrwef;wdk@wGif paumvm;¶Spf&cJhonf? 1957 ckESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJ atmifjrif
I 1958 ckESpfwGif rif;wyf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;Y tv,fwef;jyq&m0ifvkyfonf? 1959 ckESpfwGif
wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifI &efukefq&mtwwfoifwGif tv,fwef;jyoifwef;wufcJhonf? 1960 jynfh
ESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jyq&mESifhausmif;tkyf}uD;/ csif;jynfe,fenf;jyq&m(jynfaxmifpkausmif;
ESifh ppfudkif;zGH@+zdK;a&;ody`H)/ 1984 ckESpfwGifemrusef;yifpif,lcJhonf? csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUX/
A[dkem,u ponfjzifhaqmif¶GufcJhonf?
13? [m;cg;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;vseftkyf/ woD;yk*~v?
OD;vseftkyfonf [m;cg;jrdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif woD;yk*~tjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(5149)rJ/

pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(37²02)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1937 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4)&ufae@zGm;jzpf
onf? tz OD;r_efaemfvf.om;jzpfonf? OD;vseftkyfonf 1959 ckESpfwGif ausmif;xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yGJudk
atmifjrifcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfwGif ppfawGpmppfXmerS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrif+yD;/ 1959 ckESpfrS 1963
ckESpftxd yvuf0+rdK@e,f/ 'vifartpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;tkyfwm0efcHtjzpfaqmif¶GufcJh
onf? 1967 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbGJ@ESifh 1968 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ…mbGJ@wdk@&cJhonf?
wuUodkvfwGifynmoif=um;aepOf &efukefwuUodkvf csif;wdkif;&if;om;pmayESifh,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD twGif;
a&;rª;/ ,if;aumfrwDrSxkwfa0onfh 1968-69 ckESpf ESpfvnfr*~Zif;aumfrwD OuUX/ 1969-70 ckESpfwGif
txufwef;a¶S@ae/ 1971 ckESpfrS 1990 jynfhESpftxd w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@aetjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? OD;vseftkyf
tm; 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (u)(,)(n)/ jypfr_qdkif&musifhxHk;Oya' yk'fr 512 t&
[m;cg;+rdK@e,fw&m;¶Hk;wGif w&m;pGJqdkxm;pOf xGufajy;wdrf;a¶SmifoGm;ojzifh w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmcJh
onf? OD;vseftkyfonf 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5)(n)t& jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I
jynfol@ v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsuf
a=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20)&ufae@
wGif a=unmcJhonf?
(5) ppfudkif;wdkif;?
taemufbufwGif csif;jynfe,f/ ta¶S@ajrmufbifwGif ucsifjynfe,f/ ta¶S@bufwGif ¶Srf;jynfe,f/

awmifbufwGif rauG;wdkif;ESifh rEWav;wdkif;wdk@ wnf¶Sdonf?
ppfudkif;wdkif;wGif +rdK@e,f(38)+rdK@e,f¶Sd rJqENe,f(58)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk,fpm;jyK

,SOf+ydKifol v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(231)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(11)OD;/ pkpk
aygif;(242)OD;0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(52)ae&m/ em*awmifwef;a'owdk;
- 105 -
wufa&;ygwDESifhwoD;yk*~vwdk@(2)ae&mpD/ jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh wdkif;&if;
om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDwdk@rS(1)ae&mpD toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?
1? ueD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;cifarmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cifarmifoef;onf ueD+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? tz OD;!Gef@/ trd a':tkef;=unfwkd@rS 1945 ckESp/f Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ueD+rdK@e,f/
vufyHpk&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmifoef;onf ueD+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrif+yD;
rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfwGif qufvufynmqufvufoif=um;cJhonf? 1969 ckESpf/ u|ef;qG,fta&;
tcif;wGif yg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJhojzifh (1)ESpfESifh(6)v zrf;qD;xdef;odfrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1973 ckESpfwGif jyifyrSajzqkd+yD;
rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H(ocsFm)bJG@&cJhonf? 1988 ckESpftxd ueDòrd@e,ftwGif; wGJbufausmif;
q&mtjzpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? ueD+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (21)OD;aumfrwDwGif aumfrwD0iftjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhonf?
2? ueD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;oef@Zif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;oef@Zifonf ueD+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(18781)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(82²53)jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1940 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (15)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? armfvkduf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bpdfef.om;jzpf
onf? OD;oef@Zifonf armfvkduf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ rEWav;wuUodkvfESifh pdkufysdK;a&;wuUodkfvf
wdk@wGifynmoif=um;cJhI pdkufysdK;a&;ynmbJG@&cJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd ajraus;&Sif;(±Hk;csKyf)/ ueD
ajraus;&Sif;/ v,fpdkuf&Sif;wkd@wGif òrd@e,frefae*smtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? xdk@aemuf bmom&yfoif
udk,fydkifoifwef;zGifhvSpfI toufarG;cJhonf?
3? uav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;'dkaxmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;'dkaxmifonf uav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

zvrf;òrd@e,f/ bkdóuH;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1940 jynfhESpfwGif tz OD;vsefEGef;/ trd a':xef;ref;wkd@rSarG;zGm;cJhonf?
OD;'dkaxmifonf acgyGmvftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ zvrf;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ wD;wGmvftpdk;&
tv,fwef;ausmif;/ [m;cg;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;txdynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/
usef;rma&;r–;oifwef;udk 1962 ckESpfwGifatmifjrifcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1889 ckESpftxd xefwvef/
uefyufvuf/ uav;/ armfvkduf/ [krRvif;+rdK@wkd@wGif usef;rma&;r–;/ 1988 ckESpf/ (1350 jynfhESpf) jynfol@
'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhI 1989 ckESpfwGiftvkyfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ arv (21)&uf
- 106 -
ae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;trSwf(17)rS zrf;qD;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 1996 ckESpf/ =o*kwv f (20)&ufae@wGif jypfr_
qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 122(2) EdkifiHawmfopPmazmufzsufykefuefr_jzifh axmif'%f(7)ESpfjypf'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&
onf? ¡ 22-8-96 &ufae@xkwf e0wowif;pmrsm;wGif tdENd,EdkifiHtajcpdkufv_yf¶Sm;v#uf¶Sdaom trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS a'gufwmwifhaqGOD;pD;aomtzGJ@u jynfwGif;¶SdtrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS OD;'dkaxmif;
(uav;+rdK@)/ cGefjrifhxGef;(oxHk+rdK@)tygt0if (19)OD;tm;qufoG,fI jynfyoifwef;odk@ oifwef;om;rsm;
apv$wfay;&ef/ vH_@aqmf0g'jzef@pmapmifrsm;jzef@a0&eftjyif rHk¶Gm+rdK@Y jynfytkyfpk.v#dK@0Suf¶Hk;cGJzGifhvSpf&ef
aqmif¶GufcJhjcif;rsm;twGuf zrf;qD;ta&;,l&a=umif;azmfjycJhonf? ¢ 2003 ckESpf/ ZGefv (2) &ufae@wGif
rEWav;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
4? uav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmodef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmodef;0if;onf uav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? tz OD;bdk/ trd a':oef;xkdufwkd@rS 1952 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (20)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
rHk&Gm+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmodfef;0if;onf rif;uif;+rdK@/ tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)ESifh tpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ rHk¶Gm+rdK@/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;
trSwf(2)wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif,l+yD;aemuf aq;wuUodkvf(2)&efukefrS 1978 ckESpfwGif q&m0efbJG@&cJh
onf? 1976 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd tvkyfoifq&m0ef r*Fvm'Hkppfaq;±Hk}uD;/ wm0efcHq&m0ef
wm[eforaq;cef;/ ZeD; a':=unf=unfjrifhESifh om;orD;(5)a,mufxGef;um;onf? 1988 ckESpf/ (1350
jynfhESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1979 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd vufaxmuf
ygwDpdwfr–; anmifyifom&yf/ uav;òrd@wGif wm0ef,lcJhonf? uav;+rdK@trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif
òrdd@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–; wm0ef,lcJhonf? jyifyq&m 0eftjzpf udk,fydkifaq;cef;zGifhI toufarG;onf?
5? uav;0jrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;wifarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifarmifonf uav;0+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

v,fa0;òrd@e,f/ óud@yif&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1933 ckESpf/ rwfv (14)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;oef;ausmf.
om;jzpfonf? OD;wifarmifonf aysmfbG,f+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS &Spfwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1955 ckESpf
wGif udkvHbdkpDrHudef;ynmawmfoiftjzpf =opa=w;vsodk@ owWKwl;azmfa&;ynm oGm;a&mufoif=um;cJhonf?
1975 ckESpfrSpI uav;0ausmufrD;aoG;wGif;(a=u;eDpDrHudef;)/ owWKwGi;f tif*sifeD,mtjzpfvkyfudkifcJhonf?
1978 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSxGuf+yD;/ uav;0+rdK@wGif pm;aomufqkdifvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1962
ckESpftxd ausmufrD;aoG;wGif;tvkyform;tpnf;t±Hk; OuUX/ uav;0òrd@e,f tvkyform;aumifpD tvkyf
tr_aqmif/ a=u;eDpDrHudef;tvkyform;tpnf;t±Hk; OuUX/ 1988 ckESpf/ (1350 jynfhESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pD
ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifygI (1)vausmfxdfef;odrf;cHcJh&onf?
6? uom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
- 107 -
OD;jrifh=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;jrifh=unfonf uom+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

tz OD;wifatmif/ trd a':cspfwkd@rS 1950 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (9)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cHhonf? uom+rdK@Zmwd
jzpfonf? OD;jrifh=unfonf i,fpOfu q&m}uD;OD;bkdeDtvGwfynmoifausmif;wGif (7)wef;atmifonftxd
ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ uom+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)odk@ (8)wef;rSpwifajymif;a&$@ynmoif=um;
cJh&m 1969 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? xkdrS &efukefwd&dp>mefarG;jrLa&;ESifhaq;ukoa&;wuUodkvf
okd@wufa&mufcJh+yD; 1971 ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifody`HwuUodkvfodk@ ajymif;a&$@ynmoif=um;cJh&m 1974
ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H(owWaA')bJG@&cJhonf? OD;jrifh=unfonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwif
bmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.
aetdrfwGifusif;yðyvkyfcJhonfh ,m,Dtpdk;&v#Kd@0SufzJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhI 1991 ckESpf/
{+yDvwGif oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr (122)(1)t&
jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' (11)(n) ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$waf wmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,f
zsufvkdufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (2)
&ufae@&ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(995)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfha±G;aumufyGJrsm;wGifyg0if
,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? e0w u 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (4)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdefaxmifrSjyefv$wfay;
cJhonf?
7? aumvif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;odef;ZH/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;odef;ZHonf aumvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

1946 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (18)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? aumvif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;boif.om;jzpfonf?
OD;odef;ZHonf 1964 ckESpfwGif aumvif;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf?
1966 ckESpf/ &efukefwuUodkvfwGif 'kwd,ESpf0dZ…mwef;t+yD; Zlvdkifta&;tcif;a=umifh ausmif;aecGifh&yfpJcHcJh
&onf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1969 ckESpftxd aumvif;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif tv,fwef;jyq&m/
1969 ckESpfwGif wwd,ESpfjyefwufcJh+yD;/ 1971 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbJG@/ 1977 ckESpfwGif r[m0dZ…mbJG@/ 1981 ckESpf
wGif rSwfyHkwifa&S@ae(tmt,fvf)&&SdcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd usL&Sifoifwef;r–;csKyf/ xdk@aemuf
jru|ef;omvDrDwuf OD;aqmif'g±kdufwmtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf?
8? uef@bvl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;odef;az/ woD;yk*~v?
OD;odef;azonf uef@bvl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif woD;yk*~vtjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkif

vHkrJ(17364)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(47²34)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv
(5)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;boif.om;jzpfonf? [krRvif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;odef;azonf [krRvif;+rdK@
- 108 -
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS 1958 ckESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJatmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1961 ckESpfwGif
vufaxmufusef;rma&;rª;oifwef; atmifjrifonf? 1961 ckESpfrSpI usef;rma&;rª;tjzpf aus;vufusef;rm
a&;Xmersm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1987 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv
(29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGif
jyKvkyfonfh ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@ wufa&mufcJhojzifh oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;
odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf OD;odef;azonf jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&
I jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS
y,fzsufvdkufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv
(22)&ufae@&ufpGJjzifha=unmcJhonf?
9? uef@bvl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmjrifhEdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmjrifhEkdifonf uef@bvl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? tz OD;aZmf/ trd a':at;&ifwdk@rS 1951 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (6)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
a&$bkd+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmjrifhEkdifonf a&$bkd+rdK@ 'dkiftkdpDZifausmif;/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf
(3)ESifh trSwf(1)wkd@wGif q,fwef;atmifonfxdynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1981 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;wuUokdvfrS
q&m0efbJG@&cJhonf? udk,fydkif apwemaq;cef;zGifhvSpfaexkdifcJhonf? ,if;onf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv
(29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGif
usif;yðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&v#dK@0SufzJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifaqG;aEG;cJhI oufqdkif&m
u 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmvwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;twGuf a'gufwmjrifhEkdifonf
jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&+yD; ‚if;tm;jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (122)(1) jzifh
w&m;pGJum axmif'%f(25)ESpfjypf'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;
aumfr±SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (2)&ufae@&ufpGJyg a=unmcsuftrSwf(995)jzifh jynfol‹v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufcJh+yD; aemifwGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJh
onf? 1995 ckESpfwGif ukvor*~udk,fpm;vS,f ,dkZdk,dkudkwmxH tif;pdefaxmifwGif;tajctaersm;tm;
a&;om;ay;ydk@r_jzifh aemufxyfjypf'%f(5)ESpfxyfwdk;cJh+yD;/ o&uftusOf;axmifodk@ajymif;a¶$@cHcJh&onf? 2004
ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (30)&ufae@wGif axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
10? u|ef;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;}uD;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;}uD;armifonf u|ef;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ#csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

&rnf;oif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;ckdif/ trd a':,wdk@rS 1938 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;}uD;armifonf &rnf;oif;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhI
&efukefwuUodkvf/ &efuif;aumvdyfwGif Oypmody`H(u)wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1957 ckESpfrS 1959
ckESpftxd &efukefwuUodkvf/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;Xme/ pma&;0efxrf;/ 1959 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd
- 109 -
wyfrawmf(=unf;)wGif wyfom;rSAdkvf}uD;tqifhxd/ 1985 ckESpfwGif t+idfrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1988
ckESpftxd cifOD;òrd@e,fESifhu|ef;vSòrd@e,frsm;wGif aumifpD OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf?
11? cifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;cifarmifodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cifarmifodef;onf cifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? cifOD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? tz OD;zkef;armf.om;
jzpfonf? OD;cifarmifodef;onf cifOD;+rdK@tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rEWav;&wemyHkausmif;wkd@wGif ynmoif
=um;cJhI q,fwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD; rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H("mwkaA')bJG@&cJhonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif
txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yJGatmifjrifI rEWav;+rdK@wGif a&S@aevkdufcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfwGif a':pef;pef;0if;
(&rf;+AJ)ESifhvufxyffI om;ESpfa,mufxGef;um;onf? 1983 ckESpfwGif A[kdw&m;±Hk;a&S@aepmar;yGJ atmifjrifcJh
I w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? OD;cifarmifodef;onf 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (29)&uf
ae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGif usif;y
ðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&v#dK@0SufzJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhI oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;
jcif;cHcJh&onf? jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' 11 (n)ESifh
+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufvkdufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG
a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGifa=unmonf? aemifusif;yjyKvkyf
r!fh a±G;aumufyGJrsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? e0w rS ‚if;tm; 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (2)&uf
ae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefv$wfay;cJhonf?
12? cifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)?
OD;aomif;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;aomif;jrifhonf cifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

1949 ckESpf/ {+yDv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? tz ODbkdau.om;jzpfonf? ydef;ZvkyfZmwdjzpfonf?
OD;aomif;jrifhonf ydef;Zvkyftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ anmifav;yif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf
(1)/ r*FvmawmifnGef@(1) vli,fa&;&mnausmif;wkd@wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf?
1974 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbGJ@ESifhOya'0dZ…mbJG@wdk@udk&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif
a':cifESif;a0(cifOD;)ESifhvufxyfI om;orD;(5)OD;xGef;um;onf? w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif&GufcJh
onf? ,if;onf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@
v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;aetdrfwGifusif;yðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpkd;&v#dK@0SufzJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;
odk@wufa&mufcJhI oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf OD;aomif;jrifhonf jypfr_qdkif&m
Oya' yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' (11)(n)ESifh +idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@
v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufvkdufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;
aumfr&SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (6)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(996)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemifusif;y
- 110 -
jyKvkyfr!fh a±G;aumufyGJrsm;wGifyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? e0wrS ‚if;tm; 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv
(4)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdefaxmifrS jyefv$wfay;cJhonf?
13? acsmif;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;tHh=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;tHh=unfonf acsmif;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

1922 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? acsmif;OD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifb.om;
jzpfonf? OD;tHh=unfonf 'orwef;ESifhtxufwef;q&mjzpfoifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1938 ckESpf/ wwd,
wuUodkvfausmif;om;oydwfwGif oydwfarSmufausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpfI ausmif;om;b0uyif
'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;odk@0ifcJhonf? 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhI acsmif;OD;+rdK@'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;ESSihf
&efukefXmecsKyf/ trSwf(76)/ a&ausmfvrf;wGif EdkifiHa&;aqmif&Gufr_rsm;ðyvkyfcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;tóud
umv awmfvSefa&;wGifyg0ifcJhI vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)&cJhonf? 1956 ckESpfwGif acsmif;OD;òrd@
e,frS yrnw ygvDreftrwftjzpf ta&G;cs,fcH&onf?
14? cEWD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
a':q,fq,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a':q,fq,fonf cEWD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(3332)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(46²63)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rEWav;+rdK@
Zmwdjzpfonf? 1945 ckESpf/ rwfv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;awaemif.orD;jzpfonf? a':q,fq,f
onf rEWav;yJGukef;tvGwfynmoifausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;udk(c)tqifhjzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? 1964
ckESpfwGif OD;apmol0%fESifhvufxyfI cEW@D;+rdK@odk@ajymif;a¶G@aexdkifcJhonf? &Srf;pum;ESifhem*pum;udk u|rf;usif
pGmwwfajrmufonf? 1978 ckESpfrSpI cEWD;òrd@e,f/ rdcifESifhuav;apmifha&Smufa&;tzJGwGif twGif;a&;r–;
tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv
(6)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1425)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif;
a=unmcJhonf?
15? igef;ZGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;cspfcdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cspfcdkifonf igef;ZGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

1930 jynfhESpf/ {+yDv (4)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;atmifc.om;jzpfonf? OD;cspfckdifonf bkef;awmf}uD;
ausmif;wGif rlv"rRmp&d,ajzqdkatmifjrifcJhonf? igef;ZGef+rdK@wGifa':vSvSESifhvufxyfonf? qDpufvkyfief;
vkyfudkifItoufarG;onf? igef;ZGef+rdK@e,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
- 111 -
16? igef;ZGefjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;csdKvd_if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;csdKv_difonf igef;ZGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

1961 ckESpf/ {+yDv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? igef;ZGef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jroef;.om;jzpfonf?
OD;csKdv_difonf 1983 ckESpfwGif tajccHynmtxufwef;udkvnf;aumif;/ 1986 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@ae
pmar;yGJGudkvnf;aumif;/ 1987 ckESpfwGif rEWav;wuUodkvfpmay;pm,loifwef;rS ody`H("mwkaA't"du)bJG@
udkvnf;aumif; ajzqkdatmifjrifcJhonf? txufweff;a&S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif¶Gufonf? igef;ZGef+rdK@e,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif òrd@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ta&;ay:pDrHr_ tuf
Oya' yk'fr (5)(n)jzifh e0w u 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (16)&ufae‹wGifzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJh+yD; 1992 ckESpf/
{+yDv (25)&ufae‹wGif tusOf;axmifrSjyefv$wfay;cJhonf?
17? ppfudkif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
t+idrf;pm;Adkvfrª;}uD; oD[ol& pdk;odrf;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
Adkvfr–;}uD; oD[ol&pdk;odrf;(t+idrf;pm;)onf ppfudkif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdk

ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(37037)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²18)jzifh
a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1927 ckESpf/ ZGefv (19)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? ppfuidk f;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz
OD;aZ,sm.om;jzpfonf? Adkvfr–;}uD;oD[ol&pdk;odrf;(t+idrf;pm;)onf ppfudkif;+rdK@ trsdK;om;txufwef;
ausmif;/ ppfudkif;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? ausmif;aepOf
OD;armif}uD;xlaxmifonfh taysmfwrf;&JwyfzJG@wGif &JnGef@tjzpfyg0ifcJhonf? 1946 ckESpfwGif ppfudkif;c±dkif
jynfol@&JabmfwyfzJG@ jyef=um;a&;r–;/ 1947 ckESpfrS 1949 ckESpftxd ppfudkfif;c±dkif qkd&S,fvpfygwD twGif;a&;r–;/
z-q-y-v tr_aqmif/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd wyfrawmfwGifwyfom;tqifhrS (=unf;-6073)
Adkvfr–;}uD;tqifhxd ppfqifa&;}uD;rsm;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? &ef}uD;atmif w±kwfjzLppfqifa&;wGif pGrf;pGrf;wrH
aqmif&Gufr_a=umifh oD[ol&bJG@wHqdyfcsD;jr‡ifhjcif;cH&onf? ppfqifa&;wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmif&if; ppfawG ar,k
c±dkif cvu OuUX/ jynfc±dkif cvu OuUX/ yJcl;c±dkif cvu OuUX/ &Srf;jynfe,f tm;§um OuUX/ rauG;wdkif;
wvu OuUX/ vrf;pOfygwD A[kdaumfrwD0if/ rauG;wdkif;a'oygwDaumfrwD OuUX/ A[dkaumfrwDXmecsKyf
twGif;a&;r–;rsm;tzJG@. twGif;a&;r–;/ 1977 ckESpw f Gif wwd,t}udrfygwDnDvmcHudkta=umif;ðyI tjcm;
A[dkaumfrwD0iftrsm;tjym;ESifhtwl ygwDwm0efrS&yfpJjcif;cHcJh&onf? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@wGif A[dk
aumfrwD0if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[kdOD;pD;tzGJ@0iftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf?
18? ppfudkif;jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmcifarmifaqG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmcifarmifaqGonf ppfudkif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? 1953 ckESpf/ arv (11)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;az.om;jzpfonf? a'gufwmcifarmifaqG
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onf &efukefaq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@&cJhonf? aq;wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0wGif wuUodkvf rGeftoif;/
aq;wuUodkvfr*~Zif;aumfrwDwkd@wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd jrefrmEdkifiHq&m0eftoif;
(rk'Hk)wGif pnf;±Hk;a&;r–;/ b¾ma&;r–;/ wkdif;&if;aq;ynmoifwef;/ =uufajceDoifwef;wdk@wGif oifwef;enf;jy/
rD;axmifacsmufxGef;n‡djcif;pcef;ESifh w&m;pcef;wdk@wGif tcrJhaq;cef;zGifhvSpfulnDcJhonf?
19? qm;vif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;cifarmif=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cifarmif=unfonf qm;vif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (18126)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77 ²09)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;boef;/ trd a':&Sdefwdk@rS 1926 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (15)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
qm;vif;}uD;òrd@e,f/ qm;xHk;Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmif=unfonf qm;xHk;&Gmtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rHk&Gm
+rdK@ t*Fvdyf-jrefrm Ak'<bmomtxufwef;ausmif;wd@k wGif tajccHynmoif=um;+yD;aemuf 1950-51 ckESpf
wGif &efukefwuUokdvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@&cJhonf? 1943 ckESprf S 1945 ckESpftxd tm&Svli,f Om%Avr–;/ 1945
ckESpfwGif tajrmuf}uD;wyfESifhwGJzufI awmfvSefa&;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1948-49 ckESpf/ oxHkaqmif o[m,
ESifhpmzwftoif; OuUX/ 1950-51 ckESpfwGif w-u-o tr_aqmif/ owWaA'ESifhobm0wWtoif; OuUX/
csif;wGif;toif;(&efukef) twGif;a&;r–;/ 1952 ckESpfrS 1959 ckESpftxd tvkyform;!¸ef±Hk; zsef;ajza&;t&m&Sd/
'ktaxGaxG refae*sm/ tvkyform;t&m&Sd(txl;wm0ef) acsmufESifha&eHacsmif;a&eHajr/ 1959 ckESpfrS 1979
ckESpftxd vlr_zlv_Ha&;tzJG@ tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m&Sd/ 'kwd,taxGaxGrefae*sm/ taxGaxGrefae*sm/ *sDeDAm
tkdift,fvftdknDvmcHtygt0if EdkifiHaygif;(15)EkdifiHokd@ oGm;a&mufavhvmcJhonf? A[dkEdkifiHa&;wuUodkvf/
tajccHEkdifiHa&;oifwef; trSwfpOf(11)wufcJhI A[kdktvkyform;tpnf;t±Hk; OD;pD;tzJG@0ifjzpfcJhonf? trsdK;
om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tvkyform;tzJJG@0ifwm0ef,lcJhonf? ZeD; a':trm&DESifh om;orD;(5)a,muf¶Sdonf?
20? qm;vif;=uD;rJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;pdef&H/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdef&Honf qm;vif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? 1922 ckESpf/ rwfv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;atmifbkd;.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdef&Honf qm;vif;
}uD; usm;wuf&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ rHk¶Gm+rdK@ OD;bdk;'ifausmif;/ 0ufpvD tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; rHk&Gm
+rdK@ wkd@wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1959 ckESpfwGif wuUokdvf0ifwef;udktvGwfajzqkdatmifjrifcJhonf? 1968
ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbJG@(tvGwfajz)&cJhonf? 1972 ckESpfwGif ynma&;'Dyvkdrmudk pmay;pm,ljzifh&cJhonf? 1953
ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd qm;vif;}uD;/ qHkwm;ESifh usm;wuftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif rlvwef;jyq&m/
1957 ckESpfrS 1964 ckESpftxd wm[ef(uav;)ESifh usm;wuf(qm;vif;}uD;) tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;
wGif tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1982 ckEpS ftxd usm;wuftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif txuf
wef;jyq&mtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1982 ckESpfwGif wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?
21? wrl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
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OD;axmifcdkxef;/ jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;axmifcdkxef;onf wrl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

tm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(8939)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(35²36)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;&efcdkvGef;/ trd a':vd_ifcdkusif;wdk@rS 1951 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;
cJhonf? wrl;+rdK@e,f/ pHuyfaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;axmifcdkxef;onf jynfawmfomaus;¶Gm tpdk;&
rlvwef;ausmif;/ wrl;+rdK@/ tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;ESifh tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ &efukef+rdK@/ tvHktpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif; trSwf(1)/ =unfhjrifwdkif(xD;wef;)/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ &efukef0dZ…mESifh
ody`HwuUodkvfwdk@wGif 0dZ…mbGJ@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1981 ckESpfwGif a':vd_ifrGefESifh vufxyfcJh
onf? ukefonfvkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;onf? awmifwef;om;rsm;'Drdku&ufwpfygwDwGif taxGaxGtwGif;
a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
22? wef@qnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;ausmfqef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;ausmfqef;(t+idrf;pm;)(=unf;-7619)onf wef@qnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifta&G;cs,fcHcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18862)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mE_ef;(78²69)
jzifh ta&G;cs,fcHcJh&onf? ppfudkif;òrd@e,f/ usm;rif;}uD;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1932 ckESpf/ ZGefv (17)&ufae@
wGif tz OD;vmjr/ trd a':tkef;cifwkd@rSarG;zGm;onf? 'kAdkvfr–;}uD;ausmfqeff;(t+idrf;pm;)onf 1949 ckESpfwGif
omrefwyfom;b0ESifh oeu(1)okd@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfwGif Auye,fajr/ bk&m;awmifwkdufyGJwGif
aoewf'%f&m&cJhonf? 1957-1958 ckESpfwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd cv&(1)
aejynfawmfppfXmecsKyf(&efukef)/ cr&(102)/ cr&(108)/ &wc§vu&(1)/ cv&(21)/ ryc§cr&(11)/
cv&(36)wkd@wGif wyfpkr–;/ wyfcJGr–;/ ppfOD;pD;r–;(wwd,wef;)/ wyfcJGr–;(Akdvfr–;)/ ppfOD;pD;r–;('kwd,wef;)ESifh
wyf&if;r–;wm0eftxd/ 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;b0ESifh 1986 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (26)&ufae@wGif rdrdqENtavsmuf
t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;Y wyfr–;a[mif;(85)OD;wGif
yg0ifonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ A[dkaumfrwD0if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ppfudkif;wkdif;pnf;¶Hk;
a&;aumfrwDwGif wm0ef,lcJhonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf+idrf;csrf;a&;Edkb,fvfqk&onfudk axmufcHcJhojzifh
axmif'%f(7)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 2003 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv(27)&ufae@rSpI axmif'%f(1)ESpfxyfrHwdk;jr‡ifh
csrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf/ vGwf&ufaph+yD;aemuf ,cifu (2)v(3)}udrfjzifh (6)vaxmif'%fwdk;jr‡ifhcsrSwfcHcJh&+yD;jzpf
onf?
23? wef@qnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;azoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;azoef;onf wef@qnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(16387)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²23)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? wef@qnf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHarmif/ trd a':at;cifwkd@rS 1943 ckESpf/ rwfv (12)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;onf? OD;azoef;onf wef@qnf+rdK@tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ ZD;ukef;tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ a&$bkd+rdK@
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;ESifh rEWav;wuUokdvfwdk@wGif 0dZ…mbJG@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1966
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ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd rEWav;+rdK@ q&mjzpfoifausmif;odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd
wef@qnf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif tv,fwef;jyq&mtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhI 1985 ckESpfwGif
wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;,lonf? 1985 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd òrd@e,f*DwaumifpDwGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJh
onf?
24? xD;cdsKifh+rdK@e,frJqENe,f
OD;ausmf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ausmf0if;onf xD;csKdifhrJqENe,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

xD;csKdifhòrd@e,f/ uef;eD&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cspfaqG/ trd a':wif=unfwkd@rS 1947 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv
(20)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmf0if;onf rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H("mwkaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf?
1971 ckESpfwGif Akdvfavmif;oifwef;trSwfpOf(49)odk@ wufa&mufatmifjrifcJh+yD; jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd/ 1975
ckESpfwGif ol&Jaumif;rSwfwrf;0if/ 1977 ckESpfwGif Akdvf}uD;tqifh wyfcJGr–;/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGif rdrdqEN
tavsmuf wyfrawmfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd awmifil+rdK@e,f ppfr_xrf;a[mif;tzJG@
wGif 'kwd,OuUX/ OuUX(,m,D) ponfjzifhaqmif¶GufcJhonf? xdk@aemuf pkdufysKd;arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;jzihftouf
arG;onf?
25? 'DyJ,if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;bdkarmif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;bkdfarmif;onf 'DyJ,if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? 'DyJ,if;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1310 ck e,kefvqef; 14 &ufzGm;/ tz OD;bkd;&Sif/ trd a':csrf;jzLwdk@rS 1948
ckESpf/ arv (21)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;bdkarmif;onf &efukefwuUodkvfrS ody`HbJG@udk 1969 ckESpfwGif
vnf;aumif;/ pm&if;udkif'Dyvdkrmudk 1975 ckESpfwGifvnf;aumif;/ rSwfyHkwifa&S@ae(R.L)pmar;yJGudk
oufaocHOya'*k%fxl;jzifh 1978 ckESpfwGifvnf;aumif; toD;oD;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1984
ckESpftxd or0g,r tvkyfoift&m&Sd/ ti,fwef;refae*sm/ or0g,rynmay;pmtkyf(2)tkyf a&;om;
cJhonf? 1983 ckESpfwGif or0g,rvkyfief;rStem;,lI a&S@aevkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;onf? 1350 jynfhESpf
(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif òrd@e,facgif;aqmifwm0ef,lI òrd@e,fvHkòcHa&;/ ukefoG,f
o§r rysufpD;atmifxdef;odrf;a&;ESifh ygwDaumifpDrSyk*~dKvfwkd@.aetdrfrsm;udk yk*~dKvfa&;t& taESmifht,Suf
tzsuftqD;r&Sdap&ef xdef;odrf;a&;wdk@udk aqmif&GufcJhonf? OD;bkdarmif;onf jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr (143)
t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&if jcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya'yk'fr(11)(É)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
rSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv
(10)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(984)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfrnfh a±G;aumufyGJ
rsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf?
26? 'DyJ,if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
- 115 -
OD;0if;jrifhatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;0if;jrifhatmifonf 'DyJ,if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfudk,fpm;jyK

Ita&G;cs,fcHcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17448)/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mE_ef;(70²50)jzifha&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1955 ckESpf/
pufwifbmv (23)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tzOD;bkdpdef.om;/ OD;0if;jrifhatmifonf pdkifjyifaus;¶Gm tpdk;&
tv,fwef;ausmif;ESifhwGJbuftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ jrpf}uD;em;aumvdyf/ rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvf
wdk@wGif ody`H(±kuQaA')bJG@&onftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1979 ckESpfrSpI rdbydkifqefpuf/ qDpufwdk@wGif
0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif pkdifjyifaus;&Gm
wGifOD;aqmifI ukefoG,fv,f&mydkif pyg;ESpfaomif;ausmfudkvnf;aumif;/ jynfolydkiftaqmuftODrsm;udk
vnf;aumif; umuG,fapmifha&SmufcJhonf? 'DyJ,if;+rdK@e,f/ pkdifjyifaus;&GmwGifaeonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv
(22)&ufae@wGiftm%mydkifrsm;rSaxmif'%f(2)ESpfjypf'%fcsrSwfcJh&m 2004 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif
a¶$bdkaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
27? eef;,Gef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;ausmfarmif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD?
OD;ausmfarmifonf eef;,Gef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm; udk,fpm;

1948 ckESpf/ ZGefv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? eef;,Gef;+rdK@e,f/ 'HkwD;aus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;auyHk.om;
jzpfonf? OD;ausmfarmifonf 'Hk[def;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ cEWD;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ xm;0,f+rdK@
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ aumhu&dwf+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif (10)wef;atmifjrif
onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@ }uD;=uyfa&;rª;¶Hk; v#dK@0Sufpma&;/ 1970 jynfh
ESpfwGif tajccHEdkifiHa&;oifwef; trSwfpOf(22)odk@ wufa&mufcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd eef;
,Gef;+rdK@e,f a&;&mrª;/ wdkif;jynfol@aumifpD0if/ +rdK@e,fygwD,lepf twGif;a&;rª;/ 1985 ckESpfwGif jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@
rS ESpfjynfhyifpif,lcJhonf? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDwGif +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
28? ykvJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdefonf ykvJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

jcif;cHcJh&onf? tz ODbaxG;/ trd a':r_Hwkd@rS 1950 jynfhESpf/ {+yDv (16)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ykvJòrd@e,f/
ukuUdKpkaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdefonf wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yJGudk ,if;rmyif+rdK@
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rSatmifjrifcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd rlvwef;jyq&mtjzpf ykvJ
òrd@e,f/ anmifudkif;aus;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;ESifh 0rf;bJcsKdifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk/ ydawmufukef;aus;&Gm tpdk;&
rlvwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif wm0efxef;aqmifcJh+yD;/ rdrdqENtavsmufE_wfxGufcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfrS 1990 jynfh
ESpftxd armfawmf,mOfajy;qJGjcif;vkyfief;udkvkyfukdifvsuf ykvJòrd@e,f/ urf;a'gifhaus;¶GmwGifaexdkifcJhonf?
OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdeftm; pifòydiftpdk;&zGJŒpnf;I EdkifiHawmfudkawmfvSefykefuef&ef/ EdkifiHawmftm; vufeuf
pGJudkifIawmfvSefykefuefaom aomif;usef;oltzGJŒtpnf;rsm;ESifhqufoG,fyl;aygif;jcif;/ ykefuef&eftzGJŒtpnf;
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rsm;zGJŒpnf;jcif;rsm;a=umifh[kta=umif;jyI a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr (11)/ yk'frcJG(1)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufoltjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif
rS 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (21)&ufae@wGifa=unmcsufxkwfjyefcJhonf? OD;oef; (c) OD;oef;pdefonf tdENd,
EdkifiHodk‹ xGufcGmvmcJh+yD; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&ESifhyl;aygif;cJhonf?
29? ykvJj+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmwifhaqG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmwifhaqGonf ykvJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm;

onf? tz OD;bcsdK/ trd a':cifcifwdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (8)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ykvJòrd@e,f/
rif;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmwifhaqGonf 1972 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf?
1970 jynfhESpfwGif a':jrjrat;ESifhvufxyfI om;orD;(5)OD;xGef;um;onf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd
rHk&Gm/ +rdK@om(igef;ZGef)/ ppfudkif;/ ykvJESifh [def;ZJowWKwGif;wkd@wGif wm0effusq&m0eftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf?
1988 ckESpfwGif tpdk;&tr_xrf;tjzpfrS EkdifiHa&;vkyf&ef[laomta=umif;jycsufjzifh E_wfxGufcJhonf? a'guf
wmwifhaqGtm; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS pifòydit f pkd;&zJG@pnf;IEkdifiHawmf
tm;awmfvSefykefuef&ef/ EdkifiHawmftm;vufeufukdifpJGudkifawmfvSefykefuefaom aomif;usef;oltzJG@tpnf;
rsm;ESifh qufoG,fyl;aygif;jcif;/ ykefuef&eftzJG@tpnf;rsm;zJG@pnf;jcif;wdk@a=umifh a&G;aumufyJG@Oya' yk'fr(10)
yk'frcJG(1)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oltjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (21)
&ufae@wGif a=unmcJhonf? a'gufwmwifhaqGonf tdENd,EdkifiHodk‹xGufcGmvmcJh+yD; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH
trsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&ESifhyl;aygif;cJhonf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& 0ef}uD;csKyf±Hk;
0ef}uD;(taemufzufa'o)tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifv#uf±Sdonf?
30? yifvnfbl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;jrat; (Aef;armfa¶$ndK)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;jrat;onf yifvnfbl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

Aef;armf+rdK@e,f/ aemifckdaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pH&(Arm)/ trd a':av;(&Srf;)wkd@rS 1930 jynfhESpfwGifarG;
zGm;cJhonf? OD;jrat;onf 1956 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrSpI Aef;armfa&$ndK
uavmiftrnfjzifh 0wˆK/ uAsm/ aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJh+yD; 1977 ckESpfwGif “c&D;wpfxGm/ wdkufyJGwpf&m”
0wˆKwkdaygif;csKyfpmtkyfudkxkwfcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd vlxkynma&;r–;(vlr_0efxrf;r–;)
0rf;bJtif;(yJcl;)/ yifvnfbl;/ tif;awmf/ azmif;jyif/ uif;wyf(armfvkduf)/ uom? 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1966
ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ yifvnf;bl;ESifh0ef;odk tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 1966 ckESpfwGif
tajccHEdkifiHa&;oifwef;trSwfpOf(9)odk@wufa&mufcJh+yD;aemuf 0ef;odk+rdK@e,fygwD,lepf pnf;r–;/ 1967 ckESpf
wGif enf;jyoifwef;trSwfpOf(4)odk@wufa&mufcJh+yD; Aeo/ Aew wkd@wGif vufaxmufuxdu/ 1973 ckESpf
wGif prf;acsmif;òrd@e,fw&m;ol}uD;tzJG@ OuUX/ tvkyform;ta&;tcif;tr_wpfckrS pmayAdrmefyHkESdyfwdkuf
w&m;cHajcmufOD;tm; w&m;aov$wfcJhojzifh ygwDrSac:,lppfaq;ar;jref;jcif;cH&+yD;/ 1976 ckESpf/ pufwifbm
vwGif ygwDrSxkwfy,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m oefvsif
- 117 -
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)ESifh prf;acsmif;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)/ 1983 ckESpfwGif vkyf
oufjynfht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? ygwDpHk
'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@wGif a=unm
csuftrSwf(1407)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
31? azmif;jyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;atmifaomif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmifaomif;onf azmif;jyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

1955 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (23)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? azmif;jyif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;uHwifh.om;jzpfonf?
OD;atmifaomif;onf azmif;jyif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif tajccHynmtxufwef;txd ynmoif
=um;cJhonf? 1979 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd azmif;jyifòrd@e,for0g,rwGif tjcm;tqifh(c)/ 1982 ckESpfrS
1985 ckESpftxd t&efygwD0if/ apwemh0efxrf;t&efrD;owfwyfzJG@ wyf=uyftqifh/ òrd@rvlr_a&;tzJG@ b¾m
a&;r–;/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif 'Drdkua&pDwkdufyJG0ifa&;tzJG@ owif;
ESifhjyef=um;a&;wm0efcHtjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? azmif;jyif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif òrd@e,f
pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
32? Aef;armuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;b+idrf;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;b+idrf;onf Aef;armuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ef;odk+rdK@/ *sKd;axmif&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;'Gef;/ trd a':rGefwkd@rS 1917 ckESpf/ ZGefv (22)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;
cJhonf? OD;b+idrf;onf Aef;armuf+rdK@/ jrefrmtv,fwef;ausmif;wGif owWrwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf?
1947 ckESpfrS 1957 ckESpftxd Aef;armuf+rdK@e,f z-q-y-v twGif;a&;r–;/ 1962 ckESpfwGif òrd@e,f}uH@cdkifa&;
tzJG@ aiGxdef;/ 1963 ckESpfwGif om;zGm;aq;cef;aqmufvkyfa&;tzJG@ aiGxdef;/ 1967 ckESpfwGif +rdK@rtpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD aiGxdef;/ 1971 ckESpfwGif +rdK@OD;apwDukef;wHwkdif; jzpfajrmufa&;
aumfrwD aiGxdef;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? ukefonfvkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;onf? 1997 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (21)
&ufae@xkwf tpdk;&ydkifowif;pmwGifazmfjyxm;csufudkudk;um;I ¶dkufwmowif;XmerS 21-8-97 &ufae@
owif;w&yfwGif ta,muf(40)ajrmufjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufoljzpfa=umif; azmfjy
cJhonf?
33? bkwvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;[Homjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;[Homjrifhonf bkwvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16645)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(80²85)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
- 118 -
onf? tz OD;odef;azjrifh(pma&;q&m/ uG,fvGef)/ trd a':cif=unf=unf(t+idrf;pm;/ &efukefwuUodkvf¶ly
aA'Xme)wdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ arv (7)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@Y arG;zGm;cJhonf? zcif OD;odef;azjrifhrSm bkwvif+rdK@
Zmwdjzpf+yD;/ 1956 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftwGif; bkwvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,frS jynfol@v$wfawmftrwfjzpfcJh
onf? OD;[Homjrifhonf 1953 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd &efukef+rdK@/ omoemh&dyfom&yfuGuf r[m"rRm¶Hk
ausmif;0if;twGif;¶Sd jrLeDpDyg,frlvwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; xdkausmif;rS(4)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf?
1958 ckESpf/ ZGefvrS 1964 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dvtxd &efukefwuUodkvf ynma&;r[mXme/ avhusifha&;
ausmif;wGif yOPrwef;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmvrSpI &efukef
pufr_wuUodkvfwGif v#yfppfqufoG,fa&;tif*sifeD,mbmom&yfudkoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1970 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv
wGifaemufqHk;ESpfpmar;yGJatmifjrifI pufr_tif*sifeD,m(v#yfppfqufoG,fa&;)bJG@&cJhonf? tqdkygvwGifyif
pmwdkufESifha=u;eef;XmewGif vufaxmuftif*sifeD,m oifwef;q&mtjzpf 0efxrf;b0pwifcJhonf? rGefjynf
e,f/ u&ifjynfe,f/ weoFm&Dwdkif;wdk@wGif e,fydkifa=u;eef;0efaxmuftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ pDrHudef;tif*sifeD
,mtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ jynfe,frefae*smtjzpfvnf;aumif; armfv+rdKif/ ykodrf/ awmif}uD;/ &efukef+rdK@rsm;
wGiftajcpdkufI jrefrmjynftESHtjym; vSnfhvnfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1986 ckESpfrSpI 'kwd,}uD;=uyfr_
tif*sifeD,m(rdkuU¶dka0hzf)tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? EdkifiHwm0efxrf;aqmifpOfumvtwGif; qGD'ifEdkifiH/
udk&D;,m;orRwEdkifiH/ *syefEdkifiH/ pifumylorRwEdkifiHwdk@wGif u|rf;usifr_oifwef;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;cGifoifwef;rsm;
wufa&mufcJhonf? 1986 ckESpf/ ZlvdkifvtwGif; xdkif;EdkifiH/ befaumuf+rdK@wGifusif;yaom tm¶SESifhypdzdwfa'
oa=u;eef;qufoG,fa&;tzGJ@. pufr_qdkif&mtpnf;ta0;odk@ jrefrmEdkifiHudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@.tzGJ@acgif;aqmif
tjzpfwufa&mufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfvESifh pufwifbmv jynfol@'Drdkua&pDv_yf¶Sm;r_}uD;wGif b0wl
0efxrf;rsm;ESifhtwl yg0ifv_yf¶Sm;cJhonf? 1988 ckESp/f atmufwdkbmvwGif wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cHcJh&
onf? 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&DvwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf yJcl;wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@/ wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;
(t&ef)tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? yJcl;wdkif;(28)+rdK@e,ftESH@ pnf;¶Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm;aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
1989 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkukefoG,fpD;yGm;tzGJ@wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfyg0ifcJhonf?
1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (7)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD
taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcJhonf?
34? bkwvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;cifarmifat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cifarmifat;onf bkwvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19733)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²22)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;
cHcJh&onf? tz OD;odef;/ trd a':pdef;&ifwdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
bkwvif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmifat;onf 1953 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd bkwvif+rdK@ tpdk;&txuf
wef;ausmif;wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1963-64 ckESpfwGif rEWav;+rdK@ vSody`HtvGwfynmoifausmif;rS (10)
wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd rEWav; 0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfwGif wwd,ESpftxd
ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1968-69 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfwGif pwkwÊSpfodk@ajymif;a¶$@ ynm
oif=um;cJh+yD; xdkESpfwGifyif ody`H(owWaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd a¶$bdk+rdK@/ ig;vkyfief;
OD;pD;XmewGif 0ifa&muftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1974-1975 ckESpfwGif rdbvufikwf udk,fydkifvkyfief;jzpfaom qDpuf
vkyfief;vkyfudkif&ef0efxrf;b0rSE_wx f GufcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (5)&ufae@wGifuG,fvGefa=umif;
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (28)&ufae@wGif
a=unmcsuftrSwf(1031)jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf?
- 119 -
35? rHk¶Gm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;=unfpdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;=unfpkd;onf rHk¶Gm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(49566)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(80²96)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1935 ckESpf/ rwfv (14)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;[ef.om;jzpfonf? OD;=unfpdk;onf 1958 ckESpfwGif
0dZ…mbGGJ@&¶SdcJh+yD; 1959 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfokd@0ifcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif 'kwyf&if;r–;tqifhjzifh cv&(94)rS
rdrdqENtavsmufE_wfxGufcJhonf? pdefr#m;pwkd;/ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrff;/ bk&m;}uD;&yfuGuf/ rHk&Gm+rdK@wGifae
onf? OD;=unfpkd;onf jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvHk;wGif ckdifvHkrJ 'kwd,trsm;qHk;&&Sdoljzpfonf? 2004 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
(29)&ufae@wGif rHk¶Gm+rdK@aetdrfYuG,fvGefonf?
36? rHk&Gm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;apmatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;apmatmifonf rHk&Gm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

ajrmifòrd@e,f/ a&$yef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifcsdwf.om;jzpfonf? 1935 ckESpf/ arv (9)&ufae@
zGm;jzpfonf? OD;apmatmifonf acsmif;OD;+rdK@taemuf&yftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ rHk&Gm+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;/ rEWav;aumvdyfESifh &efukefwuUodkvfwdk@wGif bDtufpfpDbGJ@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf?
1960 jynfhESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd rHk&Gm+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyq&mtjzpfESifh wm0ef
xrf;aqmif&if; 0dZ…mESifh Oya'0dZ…mbJG@rsm; ajzqkdatmifjrifcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd txuf
wef;a&S@ae/ A[dkw&m;±Hk;a&S@ae/ w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpf vdkufygaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpf
txd ygwDpdwftwGif;a&;r–;/ òrd@e,faumifpD0if(tcsdefydkif;)tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
37? rif;uif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;bdk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;bkdonf rif;uif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(18435)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²37)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rif;uif;òrdd@
e,f/ tifyifvSaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;zdk;tkef;/ trd a':pdefat;wdk@rS 1927 ckESp/f Zlvdkifv (8)&uf =ae@
wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;bkdonf armufuawmfaus;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;aepOf 'kwd,
urBmppf}uD;jzpfvmI pwkwˆwef;ESifhausmif;xGufcJh&onf? xdkrS rdbESifhtwlawmifolvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1952
ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd opfvkyfief;/ qDpuf/ qefpuf/ puftydkypPnf;qkdifponfjzifh udk,fydkifvkyfief;rsm; vkyf
udkifcJhonf? rif;uif;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif b¾ma&;r–;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/
Zlvdkifv (16)&ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf?
38? jrif;rl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
- 120 -
OD;bmbm/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;bmbmonf jrif;rl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

1933 ckESpf/ rwfv (1)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;[kwfpdfef.om;jzpfonf? OD;bmbmonf 1963 ckESpfwGif
&efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd ynma&;0efxrf;tjzpf wm0efxrf;
aqmifcJhonf?
39? jrif;rl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;wifaiG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifaiGonf jrif;rl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

ppfudkif;òrd@e,f/ &GmaxmifZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;zdk;pdk;/ trd a':r#ifwdk@rS 1941 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (6)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifaiGonf jrif;rl+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;xdynmoif=um;cJhonf?
1964 ckESpfwGif rdwˆDvm xGefpufarmif;oifwef;ausmif;wufcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd pufr_
v,f,m0efxrf;/ 1971 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSE_wfxGufI Edk@qDvkyfief;/ awmif,mvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1976
ckESpfwGif a':aX;=unfESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif
oydwfaumfrwD 'kwd,OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? jrif;rl+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif
òrd@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
40? ajrmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;0if;&Sdef/ woDyk*~v?
OD;0if;&Sdefonf ajrmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif woDyk*~vtjzpf 0ifa&muf,OS f+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ

(9749)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(39²39)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ajrmif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz
OD;oef;az/ trd a':=unfwdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;0if;¶Sdefonf ajrmif
+rdK@ e*g;¶Hkausmif;/ ajrmif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ rEWav;+rdK@ &wemyHkESifhvSody`Hausmif;ESifh &efukef0dZ…mESifh
ody`HwuUodkvfwdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ ody`H(ukefxkwf"mwkaA')bGJ@ &¶SdcJhonf? 1971-72 ckESpfwGif
awmifolvkyfief;vkyfukdifcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m(ajrmif-ausmuf
&pfwGJzuftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;)/ 1974 ckESpfwGif txufwef;jyq&mr a':cifrsdK;wifhESifhvufxyfcJhonf?
1975-76 ckESpfwGif ¶lyaA'q&m/ tm;opfenf;jy(rEWav;+rdK@)/ 1976-77 ckESpfwGif txufwef;jyq&m(a&p
}udKycef;eD;i,f/ wGJzuftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;)/ 1977 ckEpS frS 1982 ckESpftxd enf;jycsKyf/ ajrmif OD;0if;¶Sdef
enf;jy/ 1982 ckESpf/ {+yDvrS 1983 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifvtxd (16)v=umr# rEWav;tusOf;axmifwGif yk'fr 10(u)
jzifh xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1983 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd usL¶Sifq&m/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@
'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@e,foydwfwyfcGJacgif;aqmif/ 1988-89 ckESpfwGif ajrmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif ¶Hk;tkyfwm0efESifh +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0efcHtjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/
Zefe0g&Dv (2)&ufae@wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS EkwfxGufcJhonf? rlvu trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@
- 121 -
csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI a¶G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SO+f ydKif&efjzpfaomfvnf; tzGJ@csKyf(A[dk)rS ,cif ynma&;
0ef}uD;Xme 'kwd,0ef}uD; ('kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;a[mif;) OD;atmifxGef;tm; ajrmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
twGuf udk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf owfrSwfcJhojzifh tzGJ@csKyfrSEkwfxGuf+yD; woD;yk*~vtjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOf
+ydKifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? a¶G;aumufyGJwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;axmufcHaom woD;yk*~vtjzpf a=unmcJh
onf? rJqEN¶SifwOD;jzpfol a'gufwmausmfEdkifxGef;rS a¶G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;cJhojzifh cHk¶Hk;.=um;em
ppfaq;r_cHcJh&onf?
41? ajrmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;rif;oGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;rif;oGifonf ajrmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

wkduf}uD;òrd@e,f/ zvHkaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;yk/ trd a':wkwfwdk@rS 1952 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
OD;rif;oGifonf zvHktpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ wdkuf}uD;+rdK@tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif qXrwef; atmif
onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1940 jynfhESpfwGif bDtrfyD wyfodk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1942 ckESpfwGif
ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bD-tkdif-at)wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1945 ckESpfwGif {&m0wDwkdif;wGifvnf;aumif;
e,fcsJ@zufqpfwkd@udkwGef;vSefwkdufckdufcJhonf? xkdrS oeu(1)/ rdwˆDvm+rdK@odk@ 0ifa&mufcJhI 1946 ckESpfwGif
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; vSnfhvnfpnf;±Hk;a[majym&mwGif Adkvfrif;vGif/ AdkvfxGef;vSwkd@ESifhtwl 1947 ckESpftxd
AkdvfcsKyf.vHk+cHKa&;wm0efudkxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1947 ckESpfrS 1949 ckESpftxd aomif;usef;r_ESdrfESif;a&;wyf/
1958 ckESpfwGif jynfapmifh&Jwyf&if;/ EkdifiHawmforRw.udk,f&HawmfwyfcJGr–;/ 1961 ckESpfwGif (10)wef;pmar;
yGJukd jyifyrSajzqkdatmifjrifcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif &Srf; oeu(1)/ ±dk;rppfqifa&;a&S@wef;wyfcJGr–;/ ppfa=umif;
r–;/ AuyESifhwkdufyJGwGif ajcaxmufESpfzufpvHk;'%f&m&IjzwfawmufcJh&+yD; 1968 ckESpfwGif (aq;)t+idrf;pm;
,lcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif awmifOuUvmyòrd@e,faumifpD0if/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGif vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if
(wwd,qifh)&onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif 0ef;okdòrd@e,fY yg0if
cJhonf? ppfudkif;wkdif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif 'kwd,OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf?
42? armfvdkuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;wifarmif0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifarmif0if;onf armfvkduf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(11249)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(63²69)jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
armfvkdufòrd@e,f/ uif;wyfZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ndKOD;/ trd a':oef;=unfwdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv
(21)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifarmif0if;onf uif;vkduftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ armfvdkuftpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif q,fwef;atmifonftxdoif,lcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd
òrd@e,fukefoG,fa&;ESifh or0g,r pma&;0efxrf;/ 1980 jynfhESpfrS 1990 jynfhESpftxd a&'D,dkatmfya&wm
oifwef;rsm;wuf+yD; udk,fydkif a&'D,kd/ uufqufðyjyifa&;vkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf?
43? ,if;rmyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
- 122 -
OD;Adkvfaomif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;Adkvfaomif;onf ,if;rmyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15647)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²95)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? acsmif;OD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&ef/ trd a':}uD;wdk@rS 1947 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (31)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;
cJhonf? OD;Adkvfaomif;onf ukwdk;ukef;&yftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ acsmif;OD;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@
wGif ajccHynmoif,lcJh+yD; rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 1973 ckESpfwGif ody`H(±lyaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1974
ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd ausmufarSmfwJGbuftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;ESifhtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif
wJGbuf tv,fwef;jyq&mESifh txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbm
vqef;wGif tdENd,EdkifiHodk‹ xGufcGmvmcJhonf?
44? ,if;rmyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;wifxGef;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifxGef;atmifonf ,if;rmyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? 'dkufOD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wif/ trd a':odfef;wifwkd@rS 1937 ckESpf/ arv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;
zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifxGef;atmifonf &efukefwuUokdvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@/ owif;pmoifwef;ausmif;rS owif;pm
'DyvdkrmbJG@&cJhonf? jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmESifh jrefrmhowif;pOft*Fvdyf(EdkifiHjcm;) t,f'Dwmtjzpf ESpfaygif;
(30)cef@aqmif&GufcJhonf? 'dkufOD;òrd@e,ftoif;(&efukef) wnfaxmifol OuUX/ 'kwd,OuUX/ twGif;a&;r–;
tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? *sD'Dtmodk@ owif;pmavhvma&;c&D;oGm;cJhonf?
45? a&OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;aX;armif (c) OD;oef;atmifaX;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;aX;armif(c)OD;oef;atmifaX;onf a&OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@

csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHrJ(16190)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²26)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? wef@qnfòrd@e,f/ acsmif;±dk;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;b&ef/ trd a':=unfarwkd@rS 1942
ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;aX;armif(c)OD;oef;atmifaX;onf acsmif;±dk;tpdk;&rlv
wef;ausmif;/ rEWav;pdef@yDwmtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ aròrd@pdef@tJvbwfausmif;wkd@wGif tajccHynm
oif=um;cJh+yD;aemuf rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS 1971 ckESpfwGif q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif a':cif
rm=unfESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1988 ckEpS ftxd a&OD;òrd@e,for0g,r wm0efcHq&m0ef/ 1350
jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@e,f+idrf;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhvHkòcHa&;tzJG@ aiGxdrf;
tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? a&OD;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf?
46? a&OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;0if;udk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 123 -
OD;0if;udkonf a&OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI
a&OD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oD0H/ trd a':jrwifwdk@rS 1945 ckESpf/ {+yDv (11)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
OD;0if;udkonf a&OD;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSw(f 1)/ rEWav;wuUodkvfESifh ynma&;wuUodkvf(&efukef)
wkdk@wGif ynma&;bJG@(bDtD;'D)&onftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1968 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd a&OD;+rdK@
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wGif txufwef;jyq&m/ oD0HonmpmykHESdyfpufvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf?
26-12-1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26)&ufae@&ufpJGjzifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJGusif;ya&;
aumfr&SifrS OD;0if;udktm; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oltjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? a=unmcsuf
wGif OD;0if;ukdonf pifòydiftpkd;&zJG@pnf;I EdkifiHawmfukdawmfvSefykefuef&efESifh vufeufpGJudkifawmfvSefykefuef
aomaomif;usef;oltzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh qufoG,fylaygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;ðyvkyfcJhI a&G;aumufyJG@Oya'yk'fr
(11)/ yk'frcJG(q)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oltjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; azmfjyxm;onf? 1990
jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@wGif rme,fyavmYzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@
aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@wGif b¾ma&;ESifhtcGefawmf0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrm
EdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&wm0efrsm;udkxrf;aqmif&if; 1993 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28)&ufae‹wGif w¶kwf
EdkifiH/ ulrif;+rdK@¶Sd a[mfw,fwckwGif vkyf}uHowfjzwfjcif;cHcJh&onf?
47? a&$bdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmatmifbdk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmatmifbkdonf a&$bdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

pm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkr(J 31270)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(60²78)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? a&$bdkòrd@e,f/ ausmufajrmif;Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;odef;wef/ trda':aomif;aomif;wk@drS 1952 ckESpf/
arv (7)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmatmifbkdonf rEWav;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(14)
ESifh tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(12)/ rEWav;aq;wuUodkfvfwdk@wGif q&m0efbJG@&onftxd ynmoif
=um;cJhonf? udk,fydkifaq;ukcef;zGifhvSpftoufarG;onf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (7)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD
taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcsuftrSwf(1264)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
tjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
48? a&$bdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;oef;xGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;oef;xGef;onf a&$bdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

I0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(36958)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(69²43)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
a&$bkd+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;btkef;/ trd a':=unfwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (11)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;
cJhonf? OD;oef;xGef;onf a&$bdk+rdK@/ tdENm&yftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ a&$bdkvSody`Hausmif;wkd@wGif q,fwef;
atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhI 1973 ckESpfwGif &efukefpufr_wuUodkfvfrS tif*sifeD,mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf?
1978 ckESpfwGif a':rlrlESifhvufxyfcJhonf? rdb±dk;&m a&$ta&mif;t0,fvkyfief;vkyfudkifonf? 1992 ckESpf/
Zefe0g&DvtwGif; e0wrS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJh+yD; a±$bdkaxmifYtusOf;cscH&um 1992 ckESpf/ arv (13)&ufae‹
- 124 -
wGifaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28)&ufae‹wGif jynfol‹v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
rSy,fzsufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
49? v[,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;cydk;udkifvHk/ em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD?
OD;cydk;udkifvHkonf v[,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwDtm; udk,fpm;

jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(4053)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(86²64)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1933 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (16)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;ygEGrf;.om;jzpfonf? OD;cydk;udkifvHkonf cEWD;tpdk;&
rlvwef;ausmif;/ &efukefpHjytpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; owWrwef;atmifjrifcJh
onf? 1959-60 ESpfrsm;wGif y-x-p (oef@¶Sif; z-q-y-v tzGJ@)wGif c¶dkifpnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1989
ckESpftxd cEWD;+rdK@e,f awmiftkyf/ 1989 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD
A[dk OuUX tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
50? av&SD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;a'G;aygh/ em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwD?
OD;a'G;ayghonf av&SD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif em*awmifwef;a'owdk;wufa&;ygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(3300)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(69²86)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? av
¶SD;+rdK@e,f/ qGrR&maus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wmvdkif;aygh/ trd a':umaomao;wdk@rS 1947 ckESpfwGifarG;
zGm;cJhonf? OD;a'G;ayghonf qGrR&maus;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ [oFmw+rdK@ u&ifESpfjcif;c&pf,mefomo
emausmif;wdk@wGif tv,fwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? xdk@aemuf tif;pdef+rdK@ ESpfjcif;"rR
wuUodkvfwGif av;ESpfoifwef;wufa&mufatmifjrifcJhI em*awmifwef;a'o/ em*ESpfjcif;c&pf,meftzGJ@csKyf
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf (2)ESpf/ wefuGefem*,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD b¾ma&;rª;tjzpf (10)ESpf/ wefuGef
em*tm;um OuUX tjzpfyg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? awmif,mvkyfudkifonf?
51? 0ufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;xGef;+rdKif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;xGef;+rdKifonf 0ufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(23986)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(63²36)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? tz OD;cspfwkyf/ trd a':rdwdk@rS 1945 ckESpf/ arv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;xGef;òrdifonf 1973
ckESpfwGif rEWav;wuUodkvfrS ody`H(ocsFm)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd 0ufvuf+rdK@e,for
0g,r pma&;0efxrf;/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd òrd@e,fvrf;pOfvli,fpnf;aumfrwD twGif;a&;r–;/ vl}uD;
ykdif;ESifhvli,fydkif;pnf;±Hk;a&;ysufjym;atmif jyKvkyfonf[kpGJcsufwifcH&I 1981 ckESpfwGif twGif;a&;r–;wm0ef
rS&yfqkdif;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1988 ckEpS ftxd usL&Sifq&mtjzpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? 0ufvuf+rdK@e,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif twGif;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
- 125 -
52? 0ufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a':cifpef;v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a':cifpef;v_difonf 0ufvuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdkifvHkrJ(29805)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(75²34)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? tz OD;a&G;/ trd a':av;wdk@rS 1956 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (16)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? 0uf
vuf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? a':cifpef;v_difonf 0ufvuf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS 1977 ckESpfwGif q,f
wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1979 ckESpfwGif 0ufvufòrd@e,for0g,rwGif 'kwd,pma&;/ wuUodkfvfpmay;pm,l
oifwef;wufI 1982 ckESpfwGif Oya'bJG@(t,fvft,fvfbD)&¶SdcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfwGif òrd@e,for0g,rrS
xGufI w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvkdufygaqmif&GufcJhonf? a':cifpef;v_difonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv
(29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rSv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fOD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGif usif;y
ðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpkd;&v#dK@0SufzJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhI oufqdkif&mrSxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&
onf? xdk@aemuf a':cifpef;v_diftm; jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr(122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I
a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr(11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufvkdufa=umif; ygwDpHk
'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifu 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@wGif a=unmcJh
onf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;wGifyg0if,SO+f ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (4)
&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
53? 0ef;odk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
a'gufwmatmifcif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmatmifcifonf 0ef;okd+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

aumvif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausmf/ trd a':jrwfwdk@rS 1952 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJh
onf? OD;atmifcifonf 1981 ckEpS fwGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@(trfbDbDtufpf)&¶SdcJhonf?
1982 ckESpf rS 1985 ckESpftxd uef@bvlòrd@e,f/ csyfoif;aus;&Gm òrd@e,foraq;cef;q&m0eftjzpf aqmif¶Guf
cJhonf? 1984 ckESpfwGif a':a0a0pddefESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1986 ckESpfrSpI udk,fydkifaq;cef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkif
cJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (21)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS
a=unm csuftrSwf(1272)jzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
54? [krRvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;tkef;}udKif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;tkef;}udifonf [krRvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ8684)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(41²88)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
[krRvif;+rdK@e,f/ armif;crf;&GmZwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;tdk;.om;jzpfonf? 1926 ckESpf/ arv (28)&ufae@zGm;
jzpfonf? OD;tkef;óudifonf 1953 ckESpfwGif armif;crf;&Gmtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifcJh
onf? 1953 ckESpfrS 1964 ckESpftxd armif;crf;tpd;k &tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1964
- 126 -
ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd av&SD;òrd@e,f/ a,mygrD;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ [krRvif;òrd@e,f/ rHrwftpdk;&rlvwef;
ausmif;/ ava0,Htpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ zmzkwftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ cEWD;+rdK@e,f/ pdefpGef;tpdk;&rlvwef;
ausmif;wdk@wGif ausmif;tkyf/ 1983 ckESpfwGif vkyfoufjynfht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG
a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 2000 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (14)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1494)
jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
55? [krRvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;vSodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vSodef;onf [krRvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(7068)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(43²02)jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1934 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (14)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;om0.om;jzpfonf? OD;vSodef;onf uufomtpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;rS 1957 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhI aemifylatmif/ armif;crf;/ uufom
aus;&Gmwkd@wGif tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyfxd tqifhqifhwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif vrf;pOfygwD
0if+yD;aemuf cEWD;òrd@e,fwGif ygwD,lepf OuUX/ nDvmcHudk,fpm;vS,f/ 1974 ckESpfwGif ygwD,lepfrsufESmpHknD
tpnf;ta0;Y vrf;pOfygwDtwGif; 'Drkdua&pDqdwfokO;f vm+yD; A[dkOD;pD;pepfxGef;um;vmjcif;/ tm%m&Sif
qefvmjcif;/ jynfolvlxk.qENESifhuif;uGmvmjcif; ponfhtcsufrsm;udkaxmufjy&m ygwD,lepf OuUX tjzpf
rSE_wfxGufcJhI ygwDrSoef@pifjcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf [krRvif;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif tv,fwef;
jyausmif;q&mtjzpf aqmif¶GufcJh+yD;aemuf t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? t+idrf;pm;,l+yD; awmifolvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJh
onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif OD;aqmifyg0ifcJhI acwWxdef;odrf;
jcif;cHcJh&onf? a¶G;aumufyGJt+yD;wGif ,SOfòydifbufjzpfol OD;armifoGif(&Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf)
rS a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;cJhojzifh =um;emppfaq;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG
a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 2000 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (14)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1495)
jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
56? t&mawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmaZmf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmaZmf0if;onf t&mawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? tz OD;oef;armif/ trd a':aomif;cifwkd@rS 1952 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (28)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
a&$bdk+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmaZmf0if;onf 1979 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;uwuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJh
onf? t&mawmfòrd@e,f/ awmuaus;&GmwGifaq;cef;zGifhvSpfI aus;vufq&m0eftjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf?
1996 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS
a=unmcsuftrSwf(1295)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
57? t&mawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;Av/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 127 -
OD;Avonf t&mawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK
I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16305)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(78²41)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
t&mawmf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1944 ckESpf/ ZGefv (25)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;cspfwif.om;jzpfonf?
OD;Avonf e0rwef;atmifjrifonftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf) jynfol@'Drdkua&
pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif vom+rdK@e,f oHaps;or*~ OuUX/ t&mawmf+rdK@e,ftoif; twGif;a&;r–;/ t&mawmf
+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0ifwm0efrsm; ,lcJhonf?
58? tif;awmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;apmv_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;apmv_difonf tif;awmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

tz OD;eoefoD;/ trd a':&Dwkd@rS 1956 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (8)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;apmv_difonf
1974 ckESpfwGif tif;awmftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;(ody`H)udk ocsFmbmomESifh "mwkaA'bmom
rsm;wGif*k%fxl;&¶Sd+yD; atmifjrifcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfpmay;pm,loifwef;rS 0dZ…mbJG@
('\eduaA')udk rsufarSmuf'\e*k%fxl;jzifhatmifjrifcJhI r[m0dZ…m aemufqHk;ESpfoifwef;odk@wufa&muf
cJhonf? 1982 ckESpfwGif tdyfcsf*sDyD(w&m;r*k%fxl;)/ 1987 ckESpfwGif tm&ft,fvf(ajr,m*k%fxl;)jzifh
atmifjrifcJh+yD; w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvkdufygaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1976 ckESpf/ r_dif;&mjynfhESifhywfoufI
axmif'%f(9)ESpfuscHcJh&onf? 1978 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHawmfaumifpDa=unmcsufjzifh t+yD;tjywfvGwfonf?
wuUodkvfpmay;pm,loifwef;qif;/ tif;awmfvli,fa&;&mnausmif;wkd@wGif apwemq&mtjzpfaqmif&Guf
cJhonf? OD;apmv_difonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS
jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGifusif;yðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpkd;&v#dK@0SufzJG@pnf;a&;
tpnf;ta0;ESifh 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@u rEWav;taemufawmifòrde,f trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf±Hk;wGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhI oufqdkif
&mrS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr(122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I
a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr(11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufvkdufa=umif; ygwDpHk
'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif a=unmcJh
onf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? 1992
ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
(6) weoFm&Dwdkif;?
taemufbufwGif rGefjynfe,f/ ta¶S@bufESifh ta¶S@awmifbufwGif xdkif;EdkifiH/ taemufbufwGif

uy`vDyifv,fjyifwdk@ESifh e,fedrdwfcsif; qufpyfvsuf¶Sdonf?
weoFm&Dwdkif;wGif rJqENe,f(13)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(7)cktm;udk,fpm;jyK,SOf+ydKifol v$wf

awmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(45)OD;0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(13)ae&mpvHk;a¶G;
cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?
- 128 -
1? aumhaomif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;vSrif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vSrif;onf aumhaomif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(8652)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²8)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
OD;atmifv_dif/ trd a':at;=unfwkd@rS 1939 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (11)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSrif;onf
a&ausmftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;(&efukef)rS 1962 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1966 ckESpfwGif
pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS (B.Eco.)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1966-67 ckESpfwGif tvkyfoift&m&Sd(pDrHb¾m)/ 1967 ckESpf
rS 1978 ckESpftxd òrd@e,fukefoG,fa&;refae*sm(oHawmif/ }uHcif;/ usHKaysmf/ ykodrf)/ xdk@aemufwm0efrS
t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf weoFm&Dwkdif;wJGbufpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? A[dk
OD;pD;tzGJ@0if/ weoFm&Dwdkif;pnf;&Hk;a&;wm0efcH OD;vSrif;udk Oya'ESifhtnD a&S@aejzifhckcHacsycGifhray;bJ/ 1950
jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (u)jzifh axmif'%f(&)ESpfjypf'%fcsrSwfcJhonf//
2? u|ef;pk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;cifarmifOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cifarmifOD;onf u|ef;pk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ (13568)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(81²26)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
OD;bcif.om;jzpfonf? 1925 ckESpf/ rwfv (23)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? anmifOD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmif
OD;onf anmifOD;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;ESifh a&eHacsmif;+rdK@ trsdK;om;txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif udk;
wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1942 ckESpfwGif tm&Svli,f apwemh0efxrf;wm0efcH/ 1943 ckESpfwGif
ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)/ ysOf;rem;wGif0ifcJhonf? 1945 ckESpf/ *syefawmfvSefa&;wGif rsdK;cspfArmh
wyfrawmf(yDbDtufzf) jrpf0u|ef;ay:wkdif;ESifhwkdif;(6) wyf=uyf}uD;/ 1946 ckESpfwGif anmifOD;òrd@e,f z-q-y-
v wJGzuftwGif;a&;r–;ESifh uGefjrLepfygwD twGif;a&;r–;/ xdkrS jynfol&JabmfXmecsKyf ±Hk;wm0eff/ 1947 ckESpfwGif
wyfpkr–;/ aomif;usef;r_ESdrfESif;a&;wyf/ 1948 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd jynfaxmifpkppf&J wyfcJGr–;/ wyf&if;r–;/
1962 ckESpfwGif Armhwyfrawmfokd@toGiful;ajymif;I wyf&if;r–;(Adkvfr–;tqifh)jzifh 1970 jynfhESpftxd/ 1970
jynfhESpfwGif Adkvfrª;tqifhjzifh pufr_0ef}uD;Xmeodk@ajymif;a¶$@I 1982 ckESpftxd pufr_0ef}uD;Xme puf±Hkr–;/
!ïef=um;a&;r–;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfwGif oufjynfhyifpif,lcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;
armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)/ yxrESifhpwkwˆt}udrf ygwDnDvmcHudk,fpm;vS,/f wyfwGif;ynmay; twGif;a&;r–;
wm0efwkd@udkaqmif&GufcJhonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ A[dkaumfrwD0if/ wyfr–;a[mif;rsm; (85)OD;tzJG@
0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf?
3? weoFm&D+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;0if;OD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
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OD;0if;OD;onf weoFm&D+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI
0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(8542)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(89²36)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
OD;odef;/ trd a':oef;a&$wkd@rS 1962 ckESpf/ atmufwb dk mv (30)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? weoFm&D+rdK@Zmwd
jzpfonf? OD;0if;OD;onf rlvwef;rSq,fwef;txd weoFm&D+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;
cJhonf? 1983 ckESpfwGif Adkvfwaxmifòrd@e,f(&efukefwkdif;)rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1987 ckESpfwGif
&efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS jrefrmpmt"dujzifh 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf?
4? xm;0,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;pdk;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pkd;!Gef@onf xm;0,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(17059)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(84²83)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
tz OD;=uifaz/ trd a':pkwkd@rS 1933 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ykavm+rdK@Zmwdjzpf
onf? OD;pkd;!Gef@onf q,fwef;udkxm;0,ftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS 1954 ckESpfwGifvnf;aumif;/
bDtuffpfpDbJG@udk &efukefwuUodkvfrS 1959 ckESpfwGifvnf;aumif; atmifjrifcJhonf? 1957-58 ckESpfwGif
&efukefwuUodkvf xm;0,fc±dkiftoif; twGif;a&;r–;/ 1959 ckESpfrS 1968 txd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/
tif[,fZ,fwdkiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;(xm;0,f)ESifh ykavmtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ 1969 ckESpfwGif
ynma&;wuUodkvfrS ynma&;'DyvdkrmbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ armif;r
ueftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;ESifh =uufpmjyiftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 1977 ckESpfwGift+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?
1977 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd ocsFmusL&Sifq&m/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf weoFm&Dwkdif; pnf;¶Hk;a&;
tzJG@0iftjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif uG,fvGefa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD
taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (14)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf
(976)jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf?
5? xm;0,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;rsdK;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;rsdK;atmifonf xm;0,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkr(J 17906)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(86²69)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? tz OD;btkd/ trd a':apmcifwkd@rS 1929 ckESpf/ rwfv (20)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onfh e0rajrmufom;
jzpfonf? xm;0,f+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;rsKd;atmifonf xm;0,f+rdK@OD;+ydK&ifausmif;/ trdsK;om;ausmif;ESifh
xm;0,ftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ ausmif;om;oHr%dwyfwGifyg0ifcJhonf? Armh
umuG,fa&;wyfrawmfwGif wyfom;tjzpfpwif0ifa&mufcJh&mrS zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGif rsdK;cspfwyfrawmfY
wkdif;(5)wGif 'kwd,Adkvf/ 'kwd,urBmppft+yD; &efukefwuUokdvf bDtdkpDaumvdyfokd@ wufa&mufynm
oif=um;cJhonf? 'kwd,ESpftif*sief D,moifwef;rqHk;rD wyfrawmfwGif wyfom;tjzpf0ifa&mufcJhonf?
Adkvfavmif;oifwef; 'kwd,ywfqif; (=unf;-5608) 'kwd,Adkvftjzpf trSwf(1)cv&ESifh trSwf(2)oeu/
Adkvfr–;tjzpf trSwf(17)cv& (e,fjcm;a'otkyfcsKyfa&;)/ 1975 ckESpfwGif vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if('kwd,
qifh)&onf? 1963-64 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk uGyfuJr_ESifhppfOD;pD;wuUodkvfodk@wufa&muf
atmifjrifcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfwGif ta&S@tv,fydkif;ppfyJG ukvor*~typftcwf&yfpJr_}uD;=uyfa&;tzJG@/ jrefrm
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ppftuJcwfrpf&SiftzJG@acgif;aqmiftjzpf udkif±kdifESifha*s±kqvifwdk@odk@oGm;a&mufcJhonf? xdkrS trSwf(106)
cr& wyf&if;r–;/ EkdifiHawmfumuG,fa&;enf;jyr–;/ 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;/ Adkvfr–;}uD;tjzpf tv,fydkif;wdkif;ppfXme
csKyf wkdif;OD;pD;csKyf/ &efukefòrd@awmfpnfyifom,ma&;tzJG@ rif;}uD;ESifhòrd@awmf0ef/ 1970 jynfhESpf/ AefaumufoGm;
tm&Stm;upm;yGJawmf jrefrmtm;upm;tzJG@acgif;aqmif/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpfwGif vrf;pOfygwDA[dk
a&;&maumffrwD0if/ trSwf(88)ajcjrefwyfrXmecsKyf wyfrr–;/ &efukefwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf wkdif;r–;/ EkdifiHawmf
umuG,fa&;wuUodkvf ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ 1976 ckESpfwGif Adkvfr–;}uD;tqifhjzifh wyfrawmfrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJh
onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;
rsm;tzJG@ A[dkOD;pD;tzJG@0if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf weoFm&Dwkdif;pnf;±Hk;a&;wm0efcHESifh A[kdOD;pD;tzJG@0if
tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD OuUX &JabmfAodef;wif. nDt&if;jzpfonf? 1976 ckESpfY
jzpfyGm;cJho!fh Adkvf}uD;tkef;ausmfjrifh. EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_Y yg0ifywfoufcJhonf[k rqv tpdk;&.pGyfpGJcsuf
a=umifh Adkvfrª;}uD;b0jzifht+idrf;pm;ay;cHcJh&jcif;jzpfonf? a±G;aumufyGJt+yD;wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ‹csKyf
. 1990 jy!fhESpf/ Zlvdkifv(28)&ufae‹rS(29)&uftxdjyKvkyfo!fh *EDNqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; e0wu v$wfawmf
ac:ray;v#if aqmif±Guf&efvdko!fh enf;vrf;oHk;oG,fpmwrf;jyKpk&mYyg0ifcJhr_a=umifh[k ta=umif;jyum
1950 jy!fhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5)(n)jzifh e0w ppftpdk;&u 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (24)
&ufae‹wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±Sifu
1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae‹wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(984)jzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,f
zsufcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? ppftpdk;
&.zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ‹csKyfESifhrsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ‹u OD;rsdK;atmiftm;ygwD0if
tjzpfrSxkwfy,fay;cJh&onf? 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
6? ykavm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;=unfa&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;=unfa&$onf ykavm+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf ,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(22088)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(88²48)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
ykavm+rdK@e,f/ rvdaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1937 ckESpf/ rwfv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;+idrf;.om;jzpfonf?
OD;=unfa&$onf q&m}uD;OD;zdk;csHKausmif;(ykavm)/ ykavm+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ armfv+rdKif+rdK@ atmif
ody`H tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGiftdrfaxmifjyKcJh
onf? ykavmESifharmfvòrdifokd@ ukefwifpufavSvkyfief;vkyfudkifonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@
'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif òrd@rdòrd@zrsm;zJG@pnf;cJhaom òrd@rat;csrf;om,ma&;tzJG@Y 'kwd,acgif;aqmif
7? bkwfjyif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;tkef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;tkef;jrifhonf bkwfjyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

1934 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;odef;wif.om;jzpfonf? OD;tkef;jrifhonf 1955
ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd +rdwfðrd@e,fynma&;XmewGif rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ atmufwef;pma&;ESifh
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avmif;vHkòrd@e,fynma&;r–;/ txufwef;pma&;/ 1971 ckESpf/ ZGefv (1)&ufae@rS 1988 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)
&ufae@txd vrf;pOfygwD +rdwfta&S@òrd@e,f ygwD,lepfESifh bkwfjyif;òrd@e,fygwD,lepfwkd@wGif aumfrwD0if/
ygwD,lepf twGif;a&;r–;/ ,lepf pnf;OuUX/ ,lepf OuUX/ wwd,ESifhpwkwôufwrf;wGif bkwfjyif;+rdK@e,f
v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f/ 1988 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@wGif ygwDwm0efrS&yfpJjcif;cH&onf? bkwfjyif;
òrd@e,f trsdL;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGifpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;tkef;jrifhonf usef;rma&;tajctae
a=umifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGufcGifhðyyg&ef wifjyvmojzifh EkwfxGufcGifhjyKcJha=umif;
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (27)&ufae@u a=unm
cJhonf?
8? +rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;ausmf&Sdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ausmf&Sdefonf +rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

+rdfwf+rdK@/ jrpfi,f&yfZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;usifarmif/ trd a':*if0gwdk@rS 1952 ckESpf/ rwfv (10)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmf&Sdefonf arG;csif;oHk;a,muf&Sdonfhteuf'kwd,ajrmufom;jzpfonf? 1968 ckESpfwGif
+rdwf+rdK@/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)rS q,fwef;pmar;yJGudk "mwkaA'*k%fxl;jzifhatmifjrifcJhonf?
1974 ckESpfwGif òrd@jytif*sifeD,mbJG@udk &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfrS&¶SdcJhonf? bJG@&+yD;aemuf rdbvkyfief; a&$
ta&mif;t0,fvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif a':cifrm&DESifhvufxyfcJhonf?
9? +rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;Om%fat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;Om%fat;onf +rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

tz OD;&Sdef/ trd a':usifv_difwdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (21)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? rtlyifòrd@e,f/
ukuUdKpk¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;Om%fat;onf ukuUdKpk&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ av;tdrfpktpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;(rtlyif)/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;(prf;acsmif;)wkd@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh&m 1970 jynfhESpfwGif q,f
wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfodk@wufa&mufonff? 1975 ckESpf/ ZGefv (5)&uf
ae@wGifjzpfay:cJhaom taxGaxGoydwfwkdufyGJwGifyg0ifcJhonf? pD;yGma&;wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0 1975
ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGif xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 1977 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (2)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf?
aemufqHk;ESpfpmar;yGJudkjyifyausmif;om;tjzpfajzqkdcGifh&I (bDuGef;)bJG@&cJhonf? ukefonfvkyfief;jzifhtouf
arG;onf?
10? a&jzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;wdk;ydk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
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ODwkd;ydkonf a&jzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf
+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(13021)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(87²16)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ykavm+rdK@Zmwd
jzpfonf? 1939 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (17)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;azcspf.om;jzpfonf? OD;wkd;ydkonf Oypm
ody`H(c)atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd wyfrawmfwGif Adkvf}uD;
tqifhtxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhpOf ajrmufydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyfe,fajr ppfqifa&;wpfckwGif rdkif;xd'%f&m&cJh
onf? xdk@aemuf wyfrawmfrS pufr_(1)0ef}uD;Xmeodk@ ajymif;a&$@wm0efay;jcif;cH&onf? wm;0,fwGif (5)ESpf/
yJcl;wGif (2)ESpf wkdif;OD;pD;r–;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk
umvwGif pufr_(1)0ef}uD;Xme tvkyform;or*~ em,utzJG@0if/ a'oEW&pufr_vufr_!ìef=um;a&;OD;pD;
XmewGif 'kwd, OuUXtjzpfyg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJhonf? qENjy&mwGif pufr_(1)OD;pD;Xmeudk OD;aqmifcsDwufcJhonf?
xdk@a=umifh 'kwd,!ìef=um;a&;r–;&mxl;rSyifpifay;I tvkyfrSE_wfxGufcJh&onf?
11? avmif;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;vSaz/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vSazonf avmif;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

1929 ckESpf/ arv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;!Gef@.om;jzpfonf? OD;vSazonf 1936 ckESpfrS 1942
ckESpftxd rEWav;ae&Sife,fausmif;wGif (7)wef;atmif/ xkdrS 1945-46 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;/ 1946 ckESpfrS
1949 ckESpftxd &efukefwuUokdvf bDtdkpDaumvdyf 'kwd,ESpf bDtufpfpDtif*sifeD,m(e,l;udk@pf)txd/
1950 jynfhESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd (=unf;-5796) 'kwd,AkdvfrS Adkvfr–;tqifhjzifh (jynfrESifh&Srf;jynf ajcvsif
wyf&if;ausmif;) 1965-66 ckESpfwGif tkd;tdrf/ twGif;0ef±Hk; ('kOuUX) wGJbuftwGif;0ef/ 1966 ckESpfrS 1971
ckESpftxd Akdvfr–;rS 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;/ &efukef ywf0ef;&if;r–; OD;pD;(y)/ 1971 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd 'kwd,
Adkvfr–;}uD;/ Adkvfr–;}uD;/ 'kwyfrr–;/ 'kr[mAsL[mr–;/ wyfrr–;/ wkdif;r–;(ta¶S@ydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf)(vm;&_d;/ rwˆDvm/
jrpf}uD;em;)/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd ygwDA[kad umfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfwGif
jzpfyGm;cJho!fh Adkvf}uD;tkef;ausmfjrifh. EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_wGifyg0ifywfoufcJhonf[k rqv ppftpdk;&u
pGyfpGJum EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ yk'fr(122)t& axmif'%f(10)ESpfESifh rqv ygwDtm;qef‹usifr_ESifh axmif'%f
(10)ESpf/ pkpkaygif; tvkyf=urf;ESifhaxmif'%ftESpf(20)csrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1981 ckESpfwGif vGwf+idrf;csrf;om
cGifhjzifhjyefvGwfcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD; +yD;onfhaemuf
rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ‹wGif A[dkODpD;tzGJ‹0ifESifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ‹csKyfwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmif
tzGJ‹0iftjzpfaqmif±Guf&if; e0w ppftpdk;&u 1992 ckESpfwGif 1950 jy!fhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr
(5)(n)jzifh w&m;pGJqdkIaxmif'%fcsrSwfcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±Sif
u 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (9)&ufae‹wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1016)xkwfjyefI v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS
y,fzsufcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfr!fh a±G;aumufyGJrsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf?
12? avmif;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;csdef[if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;csdef[ifonf avmif;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

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onf? tz OD;Om%fv_dif/ trd a':usifyGm;wdk@rS 1941 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
avmif;vHkòrd@e,f/ jyifacsmifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;csdef[ifonf rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef;ynm
rsm;udk xm;0,f+rdK@wGifoif=um;cJh+yD; 1964-65 ckESpfwGif &efukew f uUodkvfrS0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif
wyfrawmfAkdvfoifwef;trSwfpOf(36)odk@ wufa&mufcJh+yD; 'kwd,Akdvf/ Adkfvf/ Adkvf}uD;tqifhwkd@jzifh wm0ef
xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJh+yD;/ &efukef+rdK@wGif ta&mif;t0,fvkyfief; vkyf
udkifcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf weoFm&Dwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzJG@0if tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf?
13? o&ufacsmif;+rdK@e,f?
OD;wifjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifjrifhonf o&ufacsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

avmif;vHk+rdK@e,f/ u'uf}uD;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHb/ trd a':cspfarwkd@rS 1932 ckESpf/ arv (30)
&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifjrifhonf 1938 ckESpfrS 1947 ckESpftwGif; u'uf}uD;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;
ESifh atmufa&jzL&Gmtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif owWrwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf?
1947-48 ckESpfwGif u'uf}uD;aus;&Gm or0g,rqdkifwm0efcH/ 1948-49 ckESpfwGif wyfom;/ ppf0efxrf;
xm;0,f/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd wyfom;/ 'kwyf=uyf/ wyf=uyf/ wyf=uyf}uD;/ t&mcHAdkvf/ 'kAkdvf/ Akdvf/
Adkvf}uD;/ wyfa&;Adkvf}uD;tqifhxdwyfrawmfwGifwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfrSouf
jynfhyifpifjzifht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd o&ufacsmif;òrd@e,fjynfol@aumifpD OuUX
OD;wifjrifhonf wpfEkdifiHvkHwGifa&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&aom trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf v$wfawmfudk,f
pm;vS,f(392)OD;wGif rJ&mcdkifE_ef;trsm;qHk;jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&oljzpfonf? 1991 ckESpf/ pufwif
bmv (27)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS rdrdqENtavsmuf
usef;rma&;raumif;ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufcGifhjyK&efwifjyvmojzifh OD;wifjrifhtm;
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGufcGifhðya=umif; a=unmcsuftrSwf(969)jzifh a=unmcJhonf?
(7) yJcl;wdkif;?
ajrmufbufwGif rEWav;wdkif;ESifh rauG;wdkif;/ taemufbufwGif &cdkifjynfe,fESifh {&m0wDwdkif;/

awmifbufwGif &efukefwdkif;/ ta¶S@bufwGif u&ifjynfe,fESifh rGefjynfe,fwdk@wnf¶Sdonf?
yJcl;wdkif;wGif +rdK@e,f(28)+rdK@e,f¶Sd rJqENe,f(51)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(26)cktm;udk,fpm;jyK

,SOf+ydKifolv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(241)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(12)OD;/ pkpk
aygif; (255)OD;0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(47)ae&m/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwDrS
(3)ae&m ESifh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDrS(1)ae&m/ toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?
1? u0jrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmrsdK;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 134 -
a'gufwmrsKd;0if;onf u0+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;
jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(22774)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²65)jziffh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? u0+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;csKd/ trd a':wif!Gef@wdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (13)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;
cJhonf? a'gufwmrsKd;0if;onf u0+rdK@ &Gmopftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ u0òrd@rtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/
yJcl;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(3) (,ciftrsdK;om;ausmif;)wkd@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ q&m0efbJG@
udk rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS 1981 ckESpfwGif&¶SdcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfrSpI ‘o&zl’ukd,fydkifaq;cef;zGifhvSpfcJh
onf? 1978 ckESpfwGif a':eDvmatmifESifhvufxyfI om;orD;(3)OD;xGef;um;onf? 1988 ckESpf/ 'Drdkua&pD
ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifv_yf¶Sm;cJhonf? u0+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJh
onf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif
ac:,lxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 2001 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (6)&ufae@wGif jyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
(20)&ufae@wGif xdkif;-jrefrm e,fpyf vGwfajrmufe,fajrwae&modk@a&muf¶SdcJhonf?
2? u0+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;jrav;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;jrav;(ocifjrav;-a¶$usif)onf u0+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(23547)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²13)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1922 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (15)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;yef;òrdif.om;jzpfonf?
OD;jrav;onf t*Fvdyf-jrefrm q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhI 1938 ckESpfwGif 'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;0if ocif
jrav;jzpfvmcJhonf? 1942 ckESpf/ e,fcsJ@awmfvSefa&;wGif &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifAkdvfapmatmif/ AdkvfZifa,mf
wdk@wyfESifhtwl a&$usifudkwkdufcJhonf? 1943 ckESpfwGif a&$usifòrd@e,f 'HkZ&yf tm&Svli,f OuUX/ 1945 ckESpf
wGif ocifZifwdk@ESifhtwl wkdif;av;wdkif;wGif anmifav;yif 'dkufOD;e,fajr awmfvSefa&;wm0ef/ 1946-47
ckESpfwGif anmifav;yifòrd@e,f z-q-y-v twGif;a&;r–;/ 1947 ckESpfwGif z-q-y-v tzJG@csKyf.wm0ef
ay;csuft& AD,uferfajymufusm;rsm;ESifhqufoG,f&ef AD,uferff/ avm/ xkdif;EkdifiHrsm;okd@oGm;a&mufcJhonf?
1951 ckESpfwGif bk&ifhaemifppfqifa&;twGuf xkdif;EdkifiHokd@oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1955 ckESpfwGif w±kwfjynf
oGm;tvkyform;rpf&Sif udk,fpm;vS,f/ 1958 ckESpfwGif eDaygEdkifiH/ tm&Sqkd&S,fvpfnDvmcH udk,fpm;vS,f/
1965 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd ukef;vrf;o,f,lydk@aqmifa&;tzGJ@(u-v-o-z) vufaxmufreffae*sm/
1982 ckESpfwGift+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (15)&ufae‹wGifuG,fvGefonf?
3? ausmufwHcg;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;vSOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vSOD;onf ausmufwHcg;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? tz OD;vS}uD;/ trd a':=unf=unfwkd@rS 1951 ckESpf/ {+yDv (6)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSOD;onf
awmifil+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)wGif q,fweff;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf
(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifygcJhI tkd;tdrfOD;pD;Xme taqmifr–;wm0efrS E_wfxGufcJh&
onf? u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t¶Hk;(autifef,l) rme,fyavmpcef;odk@oGm;a&muf+yD; aomif;usef;olrsm;ESifh
- 135 -
yl;aygif;vsuf&Sda=umif; ppfaq;ay:aygufojzifh 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (u)(c)(n)/
jypfr_qkdfif&musifhxHk;Oya' yk'fr (512)t& A[ef;òrd@e,fw&m;±Hk;wGifw&m;pGJqdkxm;+yD;/ w&m;cHajy;tjzpf
a=unmxm;cJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f
tjzpfrS 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (30)&ufae@wGify,fzsufcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae‹wGif jynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyifqifwdk;cs@J zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;jzpf
vmcJhonf? 1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (21)&ufae@wGif qGD'ifEdkifiH/ AGefrm;pApfY jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;
!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;csdeftxd tvkyform;0ef}uD;tjzpfaqmif±GufcJhonf?
4? ausmufwHcg;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;armifarmif}uD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armifarmif}uD;onf ausmufwHcg;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(1991)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(64²2)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh
&onf? 1934 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (19)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;&ef}uD;atmif.om;jzpfonf? OD;armifarmif}uD;
onf '\rwef;xdynmoif=um;cJhI ausmif;om;b0wGif or*~ESifhjynfaxmifpkvli,f twGif;a&;r–;/ 1958
ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd oef@&Sif; z-q-y-v wGJrª;/ awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwfwGif jynfcspfwyfzGJ@wGif(2)
ESpfcef@awmckdcJh+yD; tvif;jyef0ifcJhonf? ,if;aemuf udk,fykdifvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988
ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? ausmufwHcg;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
òrd@e,f OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (8)&ufae@wGifuG,fvGefa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD
taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (15)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf
(912)jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf?
5? }udK@yifaumuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;at;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;at;jrifhonf }udK@yifaumuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(12739)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(60²43)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;
cHcJh&onf? 1931 ckESpf/ {+yDv (20)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? }udK@yifaumuf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz
OD;vSarmif.om;jzpfonf? OD;at;jrihfonf óud@yifaumuf q&m}uD;aqGausmif;/ trsdK;om;wef;jrifhausmif;
wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1953 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbJG@/ 1969 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ…mbJG@wkd@udk &efukef
wuUokdvfrS&¶SdcJhonf? txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tv,fwef;jyausmif;tkyf/ ypPnf;0,f,la&;tzJG@ vuf
axmuf!$ef=um;a&;r–;/ jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm bmomjyeft,f'Dwm/ jynfol@opPmowif;pmudk udk,fykdif
xkwfa0cJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (1)&uf
ae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1394)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJh
onf?
6? }udK@yifaumuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;at;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 136 -
OD;at;onf óud@yifaumuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;
jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(11008)rJ/ pkkpkaygi;f rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²44)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? tz OD;btkef;/ trd a':a&$pkwkd@rS 1924 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? óud@yifaumuf
+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;at;onf tm&fpDtrfausmif;/ trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;/ &efukefwuUodkvfwdk@wGif
Oypmtxufwef;txdynmoif,l=um;cJhonf? (uG,fvGefoltrsKd;om;acgif;aqmif}uD;) ocifjr v$wfawmf
trwfjyefvnf&&Sda&;ESifhrJtEdkif&&Sda&;wdk@twGuf &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifAkdvfrif;acgif(ocifapmvGif)/ ocifpkd;rif;
(óudyifaumuf)wkd@ESifhtwl aqmif&GufcJhonf? ausmif;om;b0wGif oHr%dwyfzJG@ESifh 'kd@Armtpnf;t±Hk;0if/
ausmif;om;or*~ OuUX/ 1300 jynfh/ ta&;awmfyHkwGif tpmiwfcHqENjycJhonf? rif;vSoydwfwm;qD;a&;
wGifyg0ifI ausmif;xkwfcHcJh&onf? e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&; ajratmufawmfvSefa&;tzJG@0if/ e,fcsJ@t*Fvdyftm;
'kwd,urBmppftwGuf ppfp&dwfaxmufyHh&efðyvkyfaom tm0ga';avmif;upm;0dkif;rsm;udk rD;±_d@zsufqD;cJhonf?
xkd@jyif óud@yifaumuf*gwfudkodrf;,l&mwGif yg0ifcJhonf? *syefawmfvSefa&;wGif Akdvf}uD;cspfòrdif(,cif
awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0if)wkd@ESifhtwl wyf&if;(107) rif;vSpnfolwyfESifhtwl wdkufyJG0ifcJhonf? 1949 ckESpf
0ufaumfwdkufyGJacgif;aqmif/ 1953 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd z-q-y-v tpdk;&u v,form;rsm;udkESdyfpuf
onfhtwGuf y-r-n-w xJodk@0ifI z-q-y-v Adkvfrif;acgifESifh,SOfòydifvsuf v$wfawmftrwfta&G;cHcJh
onf? r=umc% zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk
}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf?
7? ausmuf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;xGef;OD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;xGef;OD;onf ausmuf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(14461)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²09)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
ausmuf}uD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifusif/ trd a':pef;&ifwkd@rS 1957 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (9)&ufae@
wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;xGef;OD;onf &efukefpufr_wuUokdvfrS 1979 ckESpfwGif tif*sifeD,m(òrd@jy)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf?
1988 ckESpftxd aqmufvkyfa&;aumfydka&;¶Sif;wGif vufaxmuftif*sifeD,m/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/
jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif ausmuf}uD;òrd@e,f ta&;awmfyHkOuUX/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG a&G;aumufyGJ
usif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oltjzpfrS y,fzsuf
a=umif;a=unmcJhonf? a=unmcsufwGif OD;xGef;OD;onf pOfòydiftpdk;&zJG@pnf;I EkdifiHawmfudkawmfvSefykefuef
&efESihf vufeufpGJudkifawmfvSefykefuefaeaomaomif;usef;oltzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh qufoG,fyl;aygif;aqmif&Guf
jcif;rsm;ðyvkyfcJhI a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr(11)/ yk'frcJG(q)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHxm;&ol
tjzpfrSy,fzsufzsufa=umif;azmfjyxm;onf? xkd@jyif w&m;cHajy;tjzpf A[ef;òrd@e,fw&m;±Hk;rS a=unmxm;
cJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& pwif
zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg/ tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;ESifh vlr_0efxrf;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf?
1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& jyifqifwdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;
onfhtcg vlr_0efxrf;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpf 1995 ckEpS f/ Zlvdkifv (21)&ufae@ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH
trsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;csdeftxd aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
8? ZD;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
- 137 -
OD;pHwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pHwifonf ZD;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15992)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(56²79)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rkd;ndòrd@e,f/
rif;}uD;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1934 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;tkef;armif.om;jzpfonf? OD;pHwifonf owWr
wef;atmifjrifonftxd a&uif;wGJzuftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonf? xkwfvkyfESifh
pm;oHk; or0g,r twGif;a&;r–;/ vufum; or0g,r udk,fpm;vS,f/ z-q-y-v/ A-w-v-p/
qkd&S,fvpfvli,f/ wmyGefrJqENe,fpnf;±Hk;a&;r–; tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpfwGif a':aomif;ESifh
vufxyfonf? bmoma&;toif;tzJG@rsm;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1988 wGif &-0-w tzJG@0ifvkyfcJhonf?
9? anmifav;yif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;tkef;armif/ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;tkef;armifonf anmifav;yif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? 1928 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (1)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;a&$vS.om;jzpfonf? OD;tkef;armifonf
0dZ…mESihfOya'0dZ…mbJG@udk &efukefwuUodkvfrS&¶SdcJhonf? 1945 ckESpfwGif *syefawmfvSefa&;Xme ajymufusm;/
1946 ckESpfwGif ra'gufwdkufe,f z-q-y-v twGif;a&;r–;/ 1947 ckESpfwGif rif;bl;tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif; ausmif;om;or*~ OuUX/ 1948-49 ckESpf/ 1950-51 ckESpfrsm;wGif A[dktpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/
&efukefausmif;om;or*~ESihf &efukefc±dkifor*~ OuUX/ 1953 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvf ausmif;om;oydwf
acgif;aqmif/ &efukefwuUokdvf ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;umuG,fr_aumfrwD OuUX/ 1963 ckESpfwGif t*Fvef
EdkifiH/ vef'ef+rdK@odk@ b%fvkyfief;oGm;a&mufoif,lcJhonf? =op}wD;,m;wGif b%fvkyfief;ESD;aESmyJGwufcJh
onf? b%frefae*smb0jzifh t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? ,ckwdkif axmif'%fuscHae&qJjzpfonf?
10? anmifav;yif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;xGef;ºuG,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;xGef;ºuG,fonf anmifav;yif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20342)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²12)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1925 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;ausmf.om;jzpfonf? OD;xGef;ºuG,f
onf 0dZ…m(ynma&;bJG@)/ q&mjzpf'DyvkdrmESifh r[m0dZ…m(udkvHbD,m)bJG@wkd@&¶SdcJhonf? rlvwef;jyq&mrS
ynma&;wuUokdvfygarmuQtxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? *syefEdkifiH/ tdENd,EdkifiH/ oD&dvuFmEdkifiHwdk@okd@
ynma&;wm0efjzifhoGm;a&mufcJhonf? ynma&;aqmif;yg;rsm;udk ygarmuQOD;xGef;ºuG,f/ q&m'AŠtrnfwdk@
jzifh a&;om;cJhonf? jyGefwefqmacsmif;&if;/ attufzftdk twGif;a&;r–;/ (r-u-o-c) q&mor*~ twGif;
a&;r–;/ c&rf;òrd@e,f r-u-o OuUX/ ¹yGefwefqmtoif; OuUX/ a&$wd*HkapwDa*gyutzJG@0if/ ynma&;0efxrf;
t+idrf; pm;tjzpfaexdkifonf?
11? awmifil+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
- 138 -
OD;atmifpdk;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pStzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmifpkd;jrifhonf awmifil+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20369)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²75)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? awmifil+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;tkef;ausmf/ trd a':at;rdwkd@rS 1952 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (3)&ufae@
wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifpdk;jrifhonf 1975 ckESpfwGif pD;yGm;a&;wuUokdvfrS pD;yGm;a&;ynm(ocsFmpm&if;
tif;)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfI bmoma&;toif;tzJG@rsm;wGif
yg0ifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Dru dk a&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif awmifilc±dkif jynfol@vGwf
ajrmufa&;'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk A[dktaxGaxGoydwfaumfrwD0if/ ZeD;a':at;at;pef;ESihfom;orD;(3)OD;
xGef;um;onf? awmifil+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif twGif;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf
wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGifac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 2001
ckESpf/ ZGefv (21)&ufae@wGifjyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (29)&ufae@wGif OD;atmifpdk;jrifhpD;vm
onfhqdkifu,fESifh ausmif;olwOD;pD;vmonfhpufbD;wdk@ vrf;wGifrawmfwqyGwfwdkufrd=u&m/ OD;atmifpdk;jrifh
tm; tqdkygudpPESifhywfoufI ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS =o*kwfv (31)&ufae@wGifzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJh+yD;/ um,
uH¶Sifausmif;olraqGaqGrS ‚if;.trSm;a=umifhjzpf&ojzifh tr_rzGifhbJausat;cJhonfh=um;rS ,mOfwdkufr_ yk'fr
(337)/ tjyif vdkifpifrJhqdkifu,fvuf0,fxm;¶Sdr_ yk'fr 5 (1)jzifh tr_zGifh+yD;/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufae@wGif
tvkyfESifhaxmif'%f(7)ESpfcsrSwfcJhonf?
12? awmifil+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;!Gef@a0/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;!Gef@a0onf awmifil+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20401)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²1)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1926 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (14)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;baqG.om;jzpfonf? OD;!Gef@a0onf &efukef
wuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(abm*aA')*k%fxl;ESifh [m;AwfwuUodkvfrS r[m0dZ…m(tkyfcsKyfa&;)bJG@wkd@&¶SdcJhonf? 1947
ckESpf (1)ESpftwGif;vGwfvyfa&;&&Sd&efjyifqifr_wGif z-q-y-v tzJG@csKyfuay;aom acgif;aqmifoifwef;
qif; 1947 ckESpfrS 1952 ckESpftxd wuUodkvfausmif;om;acgif;aqmif/ 1952 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd
!ìef=um;a&;r–;/ A[dkpm&if;tif;ESifhabm*aA'Xme/ pufr_vufr_b%f/ refae*smcsKyf/ pdkufysKd;a&;b%f/ tmrcH
aumfydka&;&Sif; OD;aqmif!ìef=um;a&;r–;/ 1986 ckESpfwGif oufjynfht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0if jzpfonf?
13? xef;wyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;cspfarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cspfarmifonf xef;wyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19665)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65²36)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ppf
udkif;wkdif;/ ,if;rmyif+rdK@e,f/ vufv_yf&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;rkd;OD;/ trd at;pdefwdk@rS 1943 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbm
v (2)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;cspfarmifonf 0dZ…m/ 0dZ…mynma&;ESSifh txufwef; a&S@aepmar;yGJwkd@
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atmifjrifcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd pma&; (u-u) ypPnf;0,f,lr_!ìef=um;a&;r–;¶Hk;/ 1967 ckESpf
rS 1974 ckESpftxd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ xef;wyif+rdK@/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd OuUX
òrd@e,fw&m;ol}uD;tzJG@/ xef;wyif+rdK@/ 1988 ckESpfrS 1990 jynfhESpftxd txufwef;a&S@ae/ 1972 ckESpfwGif
vrf;pOfygwDodk@0ifcJhonf?
14? 'dkufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;&JxGÉf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;&JxGÉfonf 'dkufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK I

&efukef+rdK@/ wmarGZmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;jroef;.om;jzpf
onf? OD;&JxGÉfonf 1975 ckESpfwGif &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd
pm&if;ppf/ vufaxmuftvkyform;t&m&Sd/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;
wGifyg0ifcJhonf? OD;&JwGÉfonf 1969 ckESpf/ u|ef;qG,fta&;tcif;/ 1974 ckESpf/ OD;oef‹ta&;tcif;ESifh tvkyf
orm;ta&;tcif;wdk‹Yyg0ifcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfwGif yk'rf 5 (n)jzifhta&;,lcH&+yD; tvkyf=urf;ESifhaxmif'%f
(2)ESpfuscHcJh&onf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae‹u rEWav;/ taemufawmif+rdK‹e,f trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ‹csKyf±kH;YjyKvkyfo!fh ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ‹pnf;a&;v#dK‹0Suftpnf;a0;odk‹wufa&mufcJhojzifh e0w.
zrf;qD;r_udkcH&+yD; jypfr_qdkif&myk'fr 122 (1)jzifhw&m;pGJum 1991 ckESpf/ arvwGif axmif'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&
onf? a±G;aumufyGJaumfr±Sifu 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (30)&ufae‹wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(984)jzifh
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudk
vnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrS jyefvGwfonf?
15? 'dkufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;pdefxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdefxGef;onf 'dkufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

'dkufOD;+rdK@e,f/ aygufwyifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;&if/ trd a':wifwkd@rS 1942 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv
(27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? OD;pdefxGef;onf 0dZ…m(Oya')bGJ@ESifh Oya'0dZ…mbJG@& w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aewOD;jzpf
onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (3)
&ufae‹wGifuG,fvGefonf?
16? ewfwvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;tkef;aiG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;tkef;aiGonf ewfwvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(24388)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(73²86)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? ewfwvif;+rdK@e,f/ tkwfwGif;ukef;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;&Sdef.om;jzpfonf? 1917 ckESpf/ {+yDv
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(4)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;tkef;aiGonf 0dZ…mbJG@ESifh ynma&;'DyvkdrmbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? rlvwef;ausmif;q&m}uD;
tjzpfrS òrd@e,fynma&;r–;(yef;awmif;)tqifhtxd ynm0efxrf;cJhI 1977 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?
rD;owf/ aq;±Hkponfh bmoma&;toif;tzJG@rsm;/ vlr_a&;toif;tzGJ@rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf?
17? ewfwvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;apmpdefxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;apmpdefxGef; ewfwvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

1931 ckESpf/ ZGefv (6)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;atmifjrifh.om;jzpfonf? OD;apmpdfefxGef;onf ody`H
(pkdufysKd;&;)bGJ@ESifh Oya'0dZ…mbJG@wkd@udk 1955 ckESpfESihf 1960 jynfhESpfwdk@wiG f&¶SdcJhonf? 1955 ckEpS frS 1957 ckESpf
txd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ ewfwvif;+rdK@/ 1957 ckEpS fESifh 1958 ckESpfwGif ±kuQaA't&m&Sd(arSmfbD)/
(ajrmif;jr)/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd c±kdifpdkufysdK;a&;t&m&Sd(om,m0wD§+rdwf)/ 1967 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpf
txd ausmif;tkyf/ pkdufysdK;arG;jrLa&;txufwef;ausmif;(erfhqrf;§oJukef;)/ 1977 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd
'kwd,vufaxmuftaxGaxGrefae*sm/ v,f,mpkdufysdK;a&;aumfydka&;&Sif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dk
awmifolv,form;vkyfief;tzJG@0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf?
18? yJcl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;pdk;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD?
OD;pdk;0if;onf yJcl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwDtm;udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(44288)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²33)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? anmifOD;+rdK@
Zmwdjzpfonf? 1945 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;=uifqdkifjzpfonf? OD;pdk;0if;onf 1968
ckESpfwGif &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS 0g%dZ…(pufr_ukefxkwf)bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd
okawoevufaxmuf(pDrHudef;Xme) *kefeDpuf¶Hk/ tkwfusif;/ xdk@aemuf yHkESdyfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350
jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf. vHk+cHKa&;ESihv f lr_a&;
wm0ef ,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;tzGJ@0if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
ygwDwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmif wm0ef,lcJhonf?
19? yJcl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;jrwfvS/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;jrwfvSonf yJcl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

yJcl;+rdK@e,f/ ayyifacsmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pdefxGef;/ trd a':at;wifwdk@rS 1935 ckESpf/ arv
(23)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? OD;jrwfvSonf trsKd;om;wef;jrifhausmif;(yJcl;)rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifI
1957 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@ESifh 1967 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1957 ckESpfrS 1968
ckESpftxd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1968 ckESpfrSpI a&S@ae(w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@ae)tjzpfvkdufygaqmif¶GufcJh
- 141 -
onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? OD;jrwfvSonf ygwDpHk
'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG}uD;wGif jrefrmwEkdifiHvHk;Y ckdifvHkrJta&twGuftrsm;qHk;jzifh a&G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufcH&aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf?
20? jynf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
Adkvfrª;}uD;armiftkef;(jidrf;)/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD?
Adkvfrª;}uD;armiftkef;(jidrf;)onf jynf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;

ygwDtm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(14850)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(42²05)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;odef;az/ trd a':at;pdefwdk@rS 1929 ckESpf/ {+yDv (7)
&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? =unf;§6977 Adkvfrª;}uD;armiftkef;(+idrf;)onf 1955 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS
pufr_tif*sifeD,mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1949 ckESpfrS 1955 ckESpftxd waumif;ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESifhpmzwf
toif; OuUX/ 1955 ckESpf/ {+yDvrS 1981 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifvtxd wyfrawmfwGif 'kwd,AdkvftqifhrS Adkvfrª;}uD;
tqifhtxd yvp(1) &efukef/ evp(5) Axl;/ vvp(555) armfv+rdKif/ uyp(4)/ uuxkwf !$ef=um;a&;rª;
¶Hk; wm0ef/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd pwvu tr_aqmif'g¶dkufwm/ 1981 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
(1)&ufae@wGif wyfrawmfrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDodk@0ifcJhonf?
1981 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd A[dkaumfrwD0if/ yef;awmif;(2)v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f/ pufr_(1)
'kwd,0ef}uD;/ jynfol@ vkyfief;ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@0if/ jynfy(9)EdkifiHodk@ EdkifiHwm0efjzifhoGm;a&mufcJhI pDrHudef;
puf¶Hk}uD;(7)¶Hkudk wm0ef,l wnfaqmufcJhonf?
21? jynf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;aomif;pdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;aomif;pdefonf jynf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

oJukef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pkd;rif;/ trd a':at;jrwkd@rS 1930 jynfhESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;aomif;pdfef
onf oJukef;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif udk;wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1953 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfh
ESpftxd tulpma&;/ tifpyufawmf qefpyg;a&mif;0,fa&;/ eu&z/ 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd qnf
ajrmif;Xme uefx±dkufwm/ 1962 ckESpfrS 1990 jynfhESpftxd udk,fykdifqefpufvkyfief;/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988
ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif jynfòrd@e,f qefjzef@jzL;a&; OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? jynf
+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS
E_wfxGufcJhonf?
22? yef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;wiftkef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wiftkef;onf yef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm;

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onf? tz OD;apmv_dif/ trd a':oef;pdefwdk@rS 1946 ckESpf/ rwfv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? yef;awmif;+rdK@
Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;wiftkef;onf &efukefòrd@ pHjytrsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif
=um;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1966 ckESpftxd jynfol@qdkifwm0efcH/ 1966 ckESpfrS 1970 jynfhESpftxd aiGudkif
pma&;/ òrd@e,fukefoG,fa&;/ 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd toif;pkr–;/ òrd@e,for0g,r/ 1989 ckESpfrS
1990 jynfhESpftxd òrd@e,fowif;axmuf/ yef;awmif;/ yef;awmif;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
'kwd,OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1997 ckESpf/ rwf
v (21)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1349)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif;
a=unmcJhonf?
23? yef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;odef;[ef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;odfef;[efonf yef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? yef;awmif;òrd@e,f/ Oo#pfyif&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHa&$/ trd a':!Gef@wkd@rS 1939 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv
(3)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;odef;[efonf vkyfom;aumvdyfwGif ±lyaA'yxrESpftxdynmoif,lcJh
onf? 1961 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd pma&;0efxrf;/ tvkyform;!ïef=um;a&;OD;pD;Xme/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1985
ckESpftxd ‘&J[ef’uavmiftrnfjzihf 0wˆK/ aqmif;yg; (90)cef@a&;om;cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/
jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif jrefatmif+rdK@Yyg0ifcJhonf? yef;awmif;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@
csKyf OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf?
24? aygufacgif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
a'gufwmpdef0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD?
a'gufwmpdef0if;onf aygufacgif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(17511)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(49²94)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
tz tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD;-OD;b0if;(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;.tpfudk)/ trd a':cifapmwdk@rS 1944 ckESpf/
'DZifbmv (16)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? rauG;wdkif;/ awmifwGif;}uD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmpdef0if;
onf 1965 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS ody`H(ocsFm)*k%fxl;bGJ@/ 1974 ckESpfwGif *smrefjynfaxmifpkorRw
EdkifiH/ [rf;bwfwuUodkvfrS r[mody`HbGJ@ESifh 1979 ckESpfwGif a'gufwm(yg&*l-ocsFm) Ph.D. (Hamburg
University, Germany) bGJ@wdk@&¶SdcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd ocsFmuxdu/ udkvHbdkwuU
odkvf(oD&dvuFmEdkifiH)/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd Edkif¶dkbDwuUodkvf(uifnmEdkifiH)/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif;odk@
ADZmtwkjzifh jyefvnf0ifa&mufvmojzifh tif;pdefaxmifwGif axmif'%f(9)v jypf'%fcHcJh&onf? 1986
ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd tcsdefydkif;uxdu/ ocsFmXme/ vkyfom;aumvdyf/ 1989 ckESpfwGif trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jyef=um;a&;Xme(b¾ma&;wm0efcH)/ trsdKom;'Drdkua&pDygwD OuUX wm0efrsm;,lcJhonf?
1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@wGif rme,fyavmY jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&
pwifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg/ umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;/ jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;/ 0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf aqmif
¶GufcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif trsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyifqifwdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg
tqdkygwm0efrsm;udk qufvufaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (21)&ufae@wGif qGD'ifEdkifiH/ AGefrm;
- 143 -
pApfY trsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&jyefvnfjyifqifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg 0ef}uD;csKyfESifh EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;
tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJh+yD;/ 2000 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (7)&ufae@wGif tdkif,mvefEdkifiH/ 'yfAvif+rdK@Y trsdK;
om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg 0ef}uD;csKyftjzpfaqmif¶GufcJh&m ,ae@wdkifjzpfonf?
25? aygif;wnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;tkef;Edkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;tkef;Edkifonf aygif;wnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? aygif;wnf+rdK@/ bk&m;ig;ql&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pdefòzd;/ trd a':pdefwdk@rS 1933 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv
(11)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;tkef;Ekdifonf &efukefwuUokdvfrS ody`HbJG@/ ynma&;'DyvkdrmESihf ynma&;
0dZ…mbJG@wkd@udk 1964 ckESpfwGif&¶SdcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd aygif;wnftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;
wGif txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd vufaxmufuxdu/ q&mtwwfoif/
oJukef;+rdK@/ 1976 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyf/ tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ bk&m;ig;ql/
aygif;wnf+rdK@/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ aygif;wnf+rdK@/ 'kdufOD;(usKdufpaum)/
&efukef/ wuUokdvfausmif;om;b0wGif ausmif;om;nD!w G fa&;wyfOD;/ jynfc±dkifausmif;om;ausmif;ol
toif;/ o[m,ESihfpmzwftoif;rsm;tzJG@csKyffwdk@wGif yg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/
jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif qENjyausmif;om;rsm;t=urf;zufr_r&Sdatmifaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1988
ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (19)&ufae@wGif wm0efrSemrusef;t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?
26? aygif;wnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;at;oef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;at;oef;onf aygif;wnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? aygif;wnfòrd@e,f/ o&ufoHk;yif&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aiG'g;/ trd a':pdefjcLwdk@rS 1941 ckESpf/
azazmf0g&Dv (4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;at;oef;onf 1974 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS
0dZ…m(jrefrm pm)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd ukefonfvkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;I 1350 jynfh
ESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif oydwfaumfrwD0if/ aygif;wnf+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif òrd@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
27? jzL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;atmifoef;onf jzL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

jzL;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bdk;a*gif/ trd a':pdefarwkd@rS 1929 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (17)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh
onf? OD;atmifoef;onf 1962 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbJG@ESifh 1973 ckESpfwGif ynma&;'Dyvkdrm&¶SdcJhonf? 1944 ckESpf
- 144 -
rS 1946 ckESpftxd tm&Svli,ftzJG@0if/ 1959-60 ckESpfwGif +rdK@e,f z-q-y-v twGif;a&;r–;/ 1964 ckESpfrS
1968 ckESpftxd jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD0if/ 1954 ckESpfrS 1959 ckESpftxd txufwef;jy/ jzL;+rdK@
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ 1963 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd ausmif;tkyf/ oapP;tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;
(&rnf;oif;)/ tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)/ tvHk(&efukef)/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd ausmif;tkyf
}uD;/ a*s,ltpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ aZ,s0wD/ 1986 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fynma&;r–;(awmifil)/
1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif awmifilòrd@e,f'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_A[dk
aumfrwD 'kwd,OuUX/ puf±Hk/ tvkyf±HkESihf 0efxrf;aygif;pHkor*~ OuUX/ ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh ynma&;tzJG@
tpnf;rsm;. em,utjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS
1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (2)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1415)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
rS EkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
28? jzL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;pdk;armif/ trsdK;om;'Ddrdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdk;armifonf jzL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

tz OD;at;/ trd a':vSòrdifwkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? jzL;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf?
OD;pkd;armifonf 0dZ…mbJG@ESifhOya'bJG@udk &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUokdvfrS&¶SdcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1972 ckESpf
txd txufwef;a&S@ae/ 1972 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@ae/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd
Oya'0efxrf;tqihf(4)/ Oya'±Hk;(ueD/ urR/ v_dif)/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD ta&;awmf
yHk}uD;wGif jzL;òrd@e,f'Drkdua&pDwyfOD; 'kwd,OuUX tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? jzL;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pd
tzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpf vkdkufygaqmif&Gufonf?
1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (24)&ufae@wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxG
axGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcJhonf?
29? rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;wifhvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifhvGifonf rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

aysmfbG,fòrd@e,f/ &efatmifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1927 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (4)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz
OD;xGef;.om;jzpfonf? OD;wifhvGifonf ysOf;rem;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf?
1936 ckESpfwGif ausmif;om;or*~ twGif;a&;r–;/ oydwftr_aqmif/ 1942 ckESpfwGif tm&Svli,f/ bD'Dat/
yDADtufzf/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGifyg0ifcJhI armfuGef;0if'kwd,qifh&cJhonf? 1946 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf
tif*sifeD,mwyfodk@ wyfom;tjzpfpwif0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd =unf;-5326 'kAkdvf/
cv&(1) wyfcJGr–;/ cv&(5) OD;pD;t&m&Sd/ ajcvsifwyfr[m(4)ESihf(5) wyfcJGr–;/ cv&(28)ESihfcr&(104) OD;pD;(w)
'kwyf&if;r–;/ cr&(102) OD;pD;('k) vyc/ wyc/ wyf&if;r–;/ cv&(48) cvu OuUX/ wyf&if;r–;/ cv&(20)
wvu OuUX/ &ckdifwyfaygif;pkr–;/ ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ A[dkjynfol0efxrf;ausmif;/ A[dkaumfrwD(t&ef) a&;&m
aumfrwD0if/ A[dkaumfrwD0if/ a&;&mtwGif;a&;r–;/ qdkAD,ufjynfaxmifpkoGm;v$wfawmftzJG@0if/ vSnf;ul;
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(1) v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f/ 1977 ckESpfwGif ygwDpnf;urf;t& vrf;pOfygwDrSxkwfy,fjcif;cH&onf? 1350
jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ A[dk
aumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (13)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
tjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcJhonf?
30? rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a':vSvSrdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a':vSvSrkd;onf rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

1943 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? rif;vS+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSbl;.orD;jzpfonf? a':vSvSrdk;onf 1961 ckESpf
wGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1966 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…m(yx0D0if)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? xkdESpfrSmyif rif;vS+rdK@tpdk;&txuf
wef;ausmif;Y tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1968 ckESpfwGif txufwef;jyq&mrtjzpf wm0efxef;aqmifcJh+yD; 1984
ckESpfwGif bDtD;'DbJG@&¶Sdonf? 1988 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (2)&ufae@wGif t+idrf;pm;,l&efav#mufxm;cJh+yD;/ 1989
ckESpfwGifyifpif&onf? 1975 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd +rdK@e,fvrf;pOfvli,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD tzGJ@0if/
rif;vSòrd@e,f/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGif rdrdqENt&EkwfxGufcJhonf?
31? rdk;ndK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;vSatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vSatmifonf rdk;ndK+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

1924 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;pdef.om;jzpfonf? OD;vSatmifonf i,fpOfu (10)wef;ynmukd yJcl;wdkif;
xHk;bdkwGifoif=um;cJh+yD; 1941 ckESpfwGif 'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;wGif Armhvuf±Hkwyfom;tjzpf yg0ifcJhonf? 1942
ckESpfwGif bDtkdifat-Adkvfr–;&efEkdif/ Adkvfol& wyf&if;/ uaemifwyfcJG±Hk;tkyf/ 1943-44 ckESpf a&uif;+rdK@wGif
rlvwef;ausmif;q&mtjzpfwm0ef,lpOf 1945 ckESpf/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wm0efygwJGbuf,lcJh+yD; 1946-47
ckESpfwGif (yDADtdk) jynfol@ppfacgif;aqmifrsm;zJG@pnf;pOf ppfacgif;aqmif/ taxGaxGXmer–;/ 1947-48 ckESpfwGif
Armht&efwyfrawmf/ om,m0wDY ±Hk;tkyf/ tvHkqdyfurf;rsm;wGifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1950 jynfhESpfrS 1956
ckESpfwGif rkd;ndKY z-q-y-v o§r wm0ef/ xkdrS z-q-y-v y-x-p§OD;-Adkvf tkyfpkrsm;wGif 1962 ckESpf/
rwfv (1)&ufae@txdaqmif&GufcJhonf?
32? rdk;ndK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;xGef;a&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;xGef;a&$onf rkd;ndK+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

1933 ckESpf/ rwfv (1)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;vSarmif.om;jzpfonf? OD;xGef;a&$onf ody`H/ Oya'0dZ…mbJG@ESihf
ynma&;0dZ…mbJG@wkd@&¶SdcJhonf? 1956 ckESpfrS 1964 ckESpftxd ausmif;q&m/ a&S@ae/ or0g,r twGif;a&;r–;/
- 146 -
1964 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD A[dkEdkifiHa&;ody`H trSwfpOf(3)qif;/ tcsdefjynfh
au'gygwDa&;&mr–;/ A[dkaumfrwD0if/ ygwDpnf;urf;xdef;aumfrwD0if/ vufaxmufa&S@aecsKyf/ A[dkOya'±Hk;
!ïef=um;a&;rª;/ A[dkajr,maumfrwD0if/ tajccHOya'aumfr&SiftzJG@0if/ *syefEkdifiHoGm;v$wfawmfukd,fpm;
vS,ftzGJ@ twGif;a&;rSL;/ AD,mem®r@wGifusif;yonf@ (Treaty of Treaties). Oya'ynm&Sif/ rdk;ndK
vGwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f/ wwd,t}udrfygwDnDvmcH a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufr_ESifhywfoufI rJa&G;cs,fr_yÉdyuQ
wGifxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? armifxGef;a&$(A[dkw&m;&Hk;a&S@ae)trnfjzifh Oya'aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;onf? 1350
jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? uG,fvGefoGm;+yD;jzpfonf?
33? a&wm&Snf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmausmfausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmausmfausmfonf a&wm&Snf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15874)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(57²91)jzifh a&G;cs,f
wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rEW@av;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;udkudk/ trd a':oef;oef;wdk@rS 1951 ckESpf/ {+yDv
(2)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmausmfausmfonf 1978 ckESpfwGif oGm;bufqkdif&maq;wuUodkvfrS
q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ,if;aemuf jyifyaq;cef;wGifaq;ukor_vkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988
ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif òrd@e,foydwfpcef;wm0efcHwpfOD;tjzpf t=urf;zufr_rsm;ray:
aygufatmif xdef;odrf;cJhonf? a&wm¶Snf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf?
34? a&wm&Snf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;xGef;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;xGef;atmifonf a&wm&Snf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

jcif;cHcJh&onf? avmrusOf;awm&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bdk;aumif;/ trfd a':Oav;wkd@rS 1950 jynfhESpf/
{+yDv (29)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;xGef;atmifonf pufr_ody`H/ tif;pdefrS 1974 ckESpfwGif pufr_ody`H
'Dyvdkrm&¶SdcJhonf? tif;pdefpufr_ody`H òrd@jypm=unfhwkdufukdOD;aqmifzJG@pnf;cJhonf? 1978-79 ckESpfwGif om*&
+rdK@/ apwemnausmif;Y apwemq&mtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@
'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@u rEWav;
taemufawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf±Hk;wGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpkd;&zGJ@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;
ta0;okd@wufa&mufcJhonfhtjyif trmcH(6)OD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@
u rEWav;-aròrd@ um;vrf;ab; qefpuf0if;xJwGifðyvkyfaom awmwGif;e,fpyfwpfae&mwGif v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,f (20) odk@r[kwf (25)OD; oGm;a&mufum ,m,Dtpkd;&zJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;ESihf 1990 jynfhESpf/
Edk0ifbmv (8)&ufae@ v#dK@0Suftpnf;a0;wkd@udkwufa&mufcJhI zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;xGef;atmif
onf jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1)t&jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh +idpGef;
ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;
aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifmv (30)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(992)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemifwGif
jyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae‹wGif
tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
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35? a&$usif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdk;vGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdk;vGifonf a&Gusif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17840)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²62)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? a&$usif+rdK@
Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wkwf/ trd a':trmwkd@rS 1946 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
OD;pdk;vGifonf 1976 ckESpfwGif a&$usif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1981-82
ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUokdvfpmay;pm,loifwef;rS Oya'bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? uG,fvGefoGm;+yDjzpfonf?
36? a&$awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;oef;ºuG,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;oef;ºuG,fonf a&$awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,f

onf? a&$awmif+rdK@e,f/ usD;oJZmwdjzpfonf? Tz OD;xGef;pdef/ trd a':jrwifwkd@rS 1942 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv
(4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;oef;ºuG,fonf 1968 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpf
txd ukefoG,f0efxrf;/ pm&if;udkif/ 1987 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? xdk@aemuf ukefonfvkyfief;jzifh
toufarG;onf? 1990 jy!fhESpf/ pufwifbmESifh atmufwdkbmvrsm;twGif; rEWav;+rdK‹YjyKvkyfo!fh pif+ydKif
awmwGif;,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ‹pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;rsm;odk‹ wufa&mufcJhr_a=umifh 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (4)
&ufae‹wGif A[ef;+rdK‹e,fw&m;±Hk;Yw&m;pGJqdkcH&+yD; w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;oef;ºuG,f
onf 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae‹wGif vGwfajrmufe,fajrrme,fyavmYzGJ@pnf;cJho!fh trsdK;om;
!$ef‹aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@wGif ukefoG,fa&;ESifhor0g,r0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf?
xdk@a=umifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26)&ufae‹
wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&v D (19)&ufae‹wGif xdkif;EdkifiH/
befaumuf±SdjrefrmoH±Hk;Y 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv(19)&ufae‹wGif xdkif;EdkifiH/ befaumuf+rdK@±Sd jrefrmppfoH±Hk;/
ppfoHrª;Adkvfrª;}uD;A[def;xH qufoG,fowif;ydk@I OD;jrifhatmif(rauG;wdkif;/ uHr+rdK@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,f)ESifhtwltzrf;cHcJhonf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@rS E_wfxGuf
a=umif; 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (31)&ufae@ &efukef+rdK@wGifjyKvkyfonfhowif;pm±Sif;vif;yGJY a=unmcJhonf?
37? a&$awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;ydkuf+cHK/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ydkuf+cHKonf a&$awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? yckuUL jrpfajcxaemif;ukef;aus;&GmwGif tz OD;&Sif/ trd a':odef;&Sifwkd@rS 1945 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&uf
ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ydkuf+cHKonf i,fpOfu xaemif;ukef;&Gm uHOD;ausmif;q&mawmfxHwGif ynmpwif
oif=um;cJh+yD; 1979 ckESpfwGif &efuefwuUodkfvfrS0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1984 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@ae
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pmar;yJGatmifjrifI Oya'tusKd;aqmifjzpfvmcJhonf? pma&q&m/ uAsmq&m/ t,f'Dwm/ a&S@ae ponfjzihf
b0pHkonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif a':cifpef;vGifESihfvufxyfcJhonf? yJcl;wdkif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;
a&;tzGJ@0iftjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf?
38? vufyHwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;atmifjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmifjrifhonf vufyHwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,f

onf? vufyefwef;òrd@e,f/ crHkqdyf&GmrZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cifarmif/ trd a':axG;wifwkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ ZGef
v (5)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifjrifhonf vufyefweff;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifh
ausmif;xGufpmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1960-61 ckESpfwGif ausmif;om;or*~aqmf=oa&;r–;/ 1961 ckESpfwGif
wyfrawmfodk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD0ifjzpfcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd
EkdifiHa&;t&zrf;qD;xdef;odfrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1973-74 ckESpfwGif pma&;0efxrf;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd
"mwftyfpdkufukESifh[dkrkdyufopform;awmf/ vlr_a&;tzJG@rsm;wGifOD;aqmifyg0ifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988
ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@e,f'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk jynfol@a&;&mwm0efcH/ +rdK@e,f
&yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESihfw&m;Oya'tzJG@ wGJzuftwGif;a&;r–;/ vufyHwef;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@
csKyf twGif;a&;r–;/ rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf?
39? vufyHwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;!Gef@at;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;!Gef@at;onf vufyHwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,f

pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(19829)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²23)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh
&onf? vufyefwef;òrd@e,f/ uGrf;+cH&mG Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;a&$/ trd a':cifykwkd@rS 1936 ckESpf/ {+yDv
(12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;!Gef@at;onf &efukefwuUodkfvfrS Oypmody`HatmifjrifcJhonf? 1958-59
ckESpfwGif txufwef;jy óud@yifaumuftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ 1961 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd tvkyf
orm;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDESihf y-r-n-w obmywdtzJG@0if/ 1963 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;
cHcJh&onf? 1971 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yJGatmifjrifcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd
qdkAD,uf±kyf&Sifudk,fpm;vS,f±Hk; twGif;a&;r–;/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd a&S@ae/ 1986 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpf
txd }uHawmifol/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@e,f'Drkdua&pD
wyfaygif;pk 'kwd,OuUX/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,f OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf?
40? a0g+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;wifa&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifa&$onf a0g+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

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OD;tkef;.om;jzpfonf? 1941 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif yJEG,fukef;/ ausmufwHcg;+rdK@e,fwGifarG;zGm;
cJhonf? ody`H("mwkaA')t"dujzihf bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pwifzJG@pnf;
wnfaxmifonfhtcg a0g+rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDwGif ygwDrSE_wf
xGufcJhonf?
41? a0g+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;pdk;odrf;(armif0Ho)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdk;odrf;onf a0g+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

yJcl;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? yJcl;wdkif;/ a0g+rdK@e,f/ jrpfusdK;aus;¶Gm/ v,f,mESifh qefpufvkyfief;ydkif¶Sif tz
ODarmifcif/ trd a':jrpdefwdk@rS 1945 ckESpf/ {+yDv (17)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? arG;csif;(8)a,mufteuf
ti,fqHk;jzpfonf? OD;pdk;odrf;onf jrpfusdK;aus;¶Gm tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;rS rlvwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ yJcl;+rdK@
trsdK;om;wef;jrifhausmif;odk@ qufvufwufa&mufI wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifum &efukefwuUodkvfodk@
qufvufwufa&mufcJh+yD;/ 0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvf (4)OD;aumfrwD0iftjzpf yg0if
aqmif¶GufcJhonf? OD;pdk;odrf;onf 1962 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd taxmufawmfowif;pm wuUodkvf
owif;axmuf/ 1964 ckESpfwGif vkyfom;jynfol@ae@pOfowif;axmuf/ vufaxmuft,f'Dwm/ 1967-68
ckESpfwGif jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;Xme owif;pmtwwfoifausmif;Y yxrywf owif;pmynmoifwef;wuf
a&mufcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm t,f'DwmtjzpfvkyfudkifcJh+yD;/ 1976 ckESpfwGif *syef
EdkifiHodk@ owif;pmynmavhvma&;c&D; oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk ‘rpf¶SD*ef’
wuUodkvfY toufarG;0rf;ausmif; owif;pmynm ‘zJvdk;¶Spf’oifwef;odk@ wufa&mufatmifjrifcJhonf?
1978 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd rEWav;[Hom0wD owif;pmt,f'Dwmtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ Akdvfwaxmif
owif;pm t,f'Dwmtjzpfvnf;aumif; wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd
&efukefwdkif;/ a'oaumvdyftrSwf(1)Y vlxkqufoG,fa&;bmom&yfudk tcsdefydkif;oif=um;ykd@cscJhonf?
&efukefwuUodkvfYynmoif=um;aepOf ausmif;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfOD;ESifh ausmif;om;tzJG@tpnf;rsm;Y yg0if
cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif owif;pmwdkufaygif;pHkaumfrwD
0iftjzpfyg0ifv_yf¶Sm;cJhojzifh 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmvqef;rSpI Adkvfwaxmifowif;pm t,f'Dwm
tjzpfrS wm0ef&yfpJjcif;cHcJh&onf? OuUX OD;wifOD;/ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@
OD;aqmifaom trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfpwifxlaxmifaomtcg wwfodynm¶Sifrsm;tzGJ@wGif yg0ifcJhum
yJcl;wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ yJcl;wdkif;(28)+rdK@e,ftwGif; pnf;¶Hk;a&;vkyf
ief;rsm;udk v_yf¶Sm;aqmif¶GufcJhonf? ‚if;aemuf A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@0iftjzpf yl;wGJwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/
Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@txdef;odrf;rcH&rDwdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;cJhaom A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfwdk;jr‡ifh
wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1989 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@ eHeufydkif;rSpI trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf¶Hk;
wnf¶Sd&m wuUodkvf&dyfomvrf;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1962 ckESpf/
&efukefwuUodkvfwGifynmoif=um;aepOf Zlvdkif (7)&ufta&;tcif;wGif ausmif;om;nD!$wfa&;wyfOD;
twGif;a&;rª;tzGJ‹0iftjzpf yg0ifv_yf±Sm;cJhr_a=umifh ausmif;xkwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpf
twGif; owif;pmq&mtjzpfvkyfudkifcJh+yD;/ ‘armif0Ho’trnfjzifh pmtkyfpmwrf;trsm;tjym;a&;om;cJhonf?
1958 ckESpfwGif uAsmESifh 0wˆKwdkrsm; pwifa&;om;cJh+yD;/ ‘armif0Ho’uavmiftrnfudk 1961 ckESpfwGif pwif
toHk;jyKcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfrSpI ynma&;ESifh vli,fqdkif&maqmif;yg;rsm; trsm;qHk;a&;om;cJhonf? 1975§
1976§1977 ckESpfrsm;wGif ta¶S@awmifEiS fh ta¶S@ajrmuf e,fjcm;rsm;odk@ c&D;xGufcJh+yD;/ e,fjcm;a&;&mrsm;ESifh
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rl;,pfaq;0g;wdkufzsufa&;v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;ta=umif;/ owif;pmrsm;wGif tcef;qufaqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJh+yD;
pkpkaygif;aqmif;yg;yk'fa&(400)ausmfa&;om;chJonf? 1973 ckESpfwGif “upfqif;*sm;” EdkifiHa&;twˆKy`wWdpmtkyf
jzifh vHk;csif;avmuodk@0ifa&mufcJh+yD;/ “rdka¶S'g,ef”/ “tm,efa';”/ “tD*spforRwq'wf”/ “epfqif”/
“rm¶S,fwD;wdk;”/ “c¶k¶Suf”/ “armifhbufwef”paom EdkifiHa&;twˆKy`wWdpmtkyfrsm; a&;om;cJh+yD;/ “a¶S@ae}uD;
y,f&Darqif” tkyfwGJpmpOf0wˆKrsm;udk bmomjyefcJhonf? “acwf+ydKifurBmha&;&mtbd"mefpmtkyf (1982)”
udkjyKpkcJhonf? a&mbwfyif;0g;&if;. "All The King's Men" udk “rdk;rjrif avrjrif”trnfjzifhvnf;
aumif;/ upfqif;*sm;.tawG@t}uHKrSwfwrf;rsm;udk “tdrfjzLawmfESpfrsm;”ESifh “uaomif;ueif;ESpfrsm;”
trnfrsm;jzifhvnf;aumif; jrefrmbmomjyefcJhonf? 1984 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmvrSpI “tawG;tjrif”
pmpOfudkvnf;aumif;/ 1985 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&DvrSpI “vlc|efvlrGef”pmpOfudkvnf;aumif;/ 1987 ckESpfwGif
“owif;xl;”/ “bufpHk” *sme,frsm;udkvnf;aumif; pDpOfxkwfa0cJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ‹csKyf
A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpfwm0ef,laepOf *EDNqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; e0wu v$wfawmfac:ray;
v#if aqmif±Gufzdk‹vdko!fhenf;vrf;oHk;oG,fpmwrf;jyKpk&mY twGif;ususyg0ifcJhr_a=umifh[kqdkum e0wu
‚if;tm; 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (u) (c) (n) jzifhw&m;pGJum 1990 jynfhESpf/ Edk0if
bmvtwGif;wGif axmif'%fcsrSwfcJhonf? enf;vrf;oHk;oG,fpmwrf;udpPY ‚if;tygt0if A[dktvkyftr_
aqmiftzGJ‹0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;csrf;at;(armifpl;prf;)/ OD;cifarmifaqG/ OD;ausmrf if;(ydokumausmfrif;)/
OD;pdefvSOD;(armifEG,fOD;)wdk‹udkyg e0w u zrf;qD;axmifcscJhonf? xkd‹tjyif Adkvfrª;}uD;a[mif;rsdK;atmif(xm;
0,f-2)/ Adkvf}uD;a[mif;wif0if;ESifh A[dkvli,ftzGJ‹rS udkrdk;aZmfOD;/ udk&efatmif/ udk0if;vd_if/ udkudk}uD;wdk‹udk
vnf; wygwnf;zrf;qD;axmifcscJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±SifrS 1991
ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae‹wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(984)jzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufcJh
onf? 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (29)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 1996 ckESpf/ arvwGif
t=urf;rzufEdkifiHa&;v_yf¶Sm;r_aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJhojzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f(5)ESpf
csrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (13)&ufae@wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
42? oeyfyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;at;odef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;at;odef;onf oeyfyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? oeyfyif+rdK@/ atmufpk&yfuGufZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oef;a&$/ trd a':jr=unfwkd@rS 1959 ckESpf/ {+yDv
(5)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;at;odef;onf 1975 ckESpfwGif oeyfyiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS (10)
wef;atmifjrifcJh+yD; 1980 jynfhESpfwGif pmay;pm,ljzihfOya'bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvdkufyg
aqmif¶GufItoufarG;onf?
43? oeyfyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmaX;odef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmaX;odef;onf oeyfyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? yJcl;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cspfarmif/ trd a':usifEkwkd@rS 1953 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (24)&uf
- 151 -
ae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? OD;aX;odef;onf &efukefaq;wuUodkvf(2)rSq&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ajrmufOuUvmy
aq;±HkwGif tvkyfoifq&m0eftjzpf tr_xrf;cJh+yD;aemuf udk,fykdifaq;cef;zGifhxm;onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988
ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif oeyfyif+rdK@e,fausmif;om;or*~ em,utjzpf aqmif¶GufcJh
onf? a¶G;aumufyGJ+yD;aemuf tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwGif oGm;a&mufaexdkifcJhonf?
44? oJukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;at;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;at;onf oJukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

oJukef;òrd@e,f/ tif;rZmwdjzpfonf? Tz OD;wif/ trd a':tkef;wifwkd@rS 1925 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (22)&uf
ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;at;onf 1939 ckESpfwGif jrefrm(9)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1942-43 ckESpfwGif
&J=uyf}uD;/ 1943-44 ckESpfwGif &Jtkyf/ 1945 ckESpf/ awmfvSefa&;twGuf &Jtxl;axmufvSrf;a&;wm0ef/
Akdvfr–;}uD;Axl;.tkyfcsKyfr_atmufwGif *syefuifayv_yf&Sm;r_ukdowif;ykd@&ol/ 1946-47 ckESpfwGif +rdK@e,f
z-q-y-v qkd&S,fvpf jynfol@&Jabmfacgif;aqmif/ 1948 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd or0g,r+rdK@tkyf/
'Dtufpftkdif AuarG;jrLa&;refae*sm/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1990 jynfhESpftxd udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfonf?
45? oJukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;odef;xGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;odef;xGef;onf oJukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

oJukef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1311 ckESpf waqmifrkef;vqef; 7 &ufzGm;/ tz OD;wl/ trd a':pdefjrwkd@rS 1949
ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;odef;xGef;onf 1966 ckESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGuf
pmar;yJGatmifjrifcJhonf? 1968 ckESpf oJukef;q&mtwwfoifausmif; pma&;0efxrf;tqihf(1)/ 1984 ckESpf/
ZGefvwGif emrusef;yifpif,l+yD;/ udk,fykdifpkdufysKd;a&;/ arG;jrLa&;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1969 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv
aoG;aomufr*~Zif;Y 0wˆKwkdwpfyk'fa&;om;um pmayavmuodk@pwif0ifa&mufcJhonf? rdk;a0/ &_r0/ jzLeD
!dkjym/ pmayvkyfom;r*~Zif;rsm;wGif oumxG%f;/ xG%f;vlatmif uavmiftrnfjzifhpmayrsm;a&;om;cJh
onf? OD;odef;xGef;onf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae‹u rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK‹e,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ‹csKyf±Hk;wGifjyKvkyfo!fh ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ‹pnf;a&; v#dK‹0Suftpnf;a0;odk‹ wufa&mufcJh
ojzifh e0w.zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;r_udkcHcJh&+yD;/ jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1)jzifhw&m;pGJum 1991 ckESpf/ arv
wGif axmif'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa±G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr±SifrS 1992 ckESpf/
Zefe0g&Dv (6)&ufae‹wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(996)jzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufcJhonf?
aemifwGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (27)&uf
ae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
46? om,m0wD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
aZ,sausmfxif 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;pH0if; (+idrf;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 152 -
OD;pH0if;onf om,m0wD+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;
jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkr(J 15309)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(54²91)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? ZD;ukef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;b=unf/ trd a':oef;arwdk@rS 1924 ckESpf/ {+yDv (22)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pH0if;onf 0dZ…m(pD;yGm;a&;)bJG@ESihf txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yJGatmifjrifcJhonf? 1936 ckESpf
wGif ausmif;om;or*~acgif;aqmif/ oHr%dwyfom;/ 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd ArmhvGwfvyfa&;
wyfrawmf(bDtkdifat) 'kAdkvf/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat) Adkvfoifwef;tywfpOf(3)qif;/ zufqpf
awmfvSefa&; wdkfif;(7) rsdK;cspfArmhwyfrawmf(yDADtufzf) wyf&if;(2)/ 1946 ckESpfrS 1948 ckESpftxd oeu(4)
wyfom;rS 'kt&mcHAdkvf/ wyfrawmfwGif 'kAkdvfrS 'kAkdvfr–;}uD;/ cv&(9) wyf&if;r–;txd/ twGif;0ef/ 'kwd,
0ef}uD;rS 0ef}uD;(ukefoG,fa&;)txd/ jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD A[kdaumfrwD0if/ awmifolv,form;
aumifpD A[kdtvkyftr_aqmif/ 1976 ckESpf/ ZGefv (7)&ufae@wGif vrf;pOfygwDrS&yfpJcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf
(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;umvrSpI rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ wJGbuftaxGaxG
twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (22)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@YuG,fvGef
onf?
ema&;a=umfjim ² ² ²
bk&m;/ &[ef;/ odrf/ ausmif; 'g,um}uD;
aZ,sausmfxif 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;pH0if; (+idrf;)
bDpD-5262
B.A.(Eco.), H.G.P.
ukefoG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD; (+idrf;)
vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0ifyxrqifh/ EdkifiHh*k%f&nfyxrqifh
*syefacwf wwd,ywfAdkvfoifwef;ausmif;qif;(r*Fvm'Hk)
aygif;wnf§ZD;ukef;
&efukef+rdK@/ urm¶Gwf+rdK@e,f/ (2)&yfuGuf/ jruefomvrf;/ trSwf(649§pD)ae (opfawm0efaxmuf

OD;b=unf-a':oef;ar)wdk@.om;/ a':jrjroef;. cifyGef;/ (Adkvf}uD;oef;xGÉf)-a':jroef;0if;(pufr_-1/ +idrf;)/
(vufaxmufaxG§*sm/ pwm;wuftxnfcsKyfpuf¶Hk)/ a'gufwmcifrO…L0if;/ OD;aX;vGif0if;(v§xwdkif;Oya'
t&m¶Sd/ yJcl;wdkif;)-a':rrav;(OD;pD;t&m¶Sd/ ig;vkyfief;OD;pD;Xme)/ a'gufwmpdk;vGif0if;wdk@. zcif/ ajr;av;
a,mufwdk@. tbdk;onf 22-10-2003 &uf nae 4;30 em&DwGif aetdrfYuG,fvGefygI 24-10-2003
(aom=umae@) nae 3 em&DwGif a&a0;tat;wdkufrS a&a0;okoefodk@ ydk@aqmifrD;o+*õK[fygrnf?
47? om,m0wD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;armifat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armifat;onf om,m0wD+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? aygif;wnf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1929 ckESpf/ arv (25)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;bdk;q,f.om;jzpfonf?
OD;armifat;onf (10)wef;atmifjrif+yD; wyfrawmfa&wGif wyfom;rSAdkvfrª;tqifhtxd/ pcef;r–; ppfa&,mOf
r–;/ 1963 ckESpfwGif txl;t&m&Sd ykvJarG;jrLa&;vkyfief;/ 1972 ckESpfwGif (wyfrawmfrSt+idrf;pm;,lI) 'kwd,
taxGaxGrefae*sm ykvJESifhig;/ 1976 ckESpfwGif +rdwfòrd@e,fw&m;±Hk;Y ±Hk;wifppfaq;jcif;cH&I (5)ESpfr# ajz&Sif;
- 153 -
tr_&ifqdkif&onf? 1981 ckESpfwGif tr_+yD;qHk;umw&m;aov$wfI rlv&mxl;jyef&onf? 1982 ckESpfwGif
XmewGif;tqifrajyr_rsm;&ifqkdif&I t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? wm0eft& jynfyEkdifiHrsm;okd@oGm;a&mufcJhonf?
ol&Jaumif;rSwfwrf;0if&¶Sdonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJh
onf?
48? tkwfzdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;wifOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifOD;onf tkwfzdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

tkwfzdkòrd@e,f/ usD;yifqdyf¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;omrSef;/ trd a':r,fusifwkd@rS 1939 ckESpf/ arv (2)&uf
ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifOD;onf wuUodkvf0ifwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhI 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1981 ckESpf
txd +rdK@e,fawmifolv,form;tpnf;t±Hk; wJGzuftwGif;a&;r–;/ ygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if/ jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpf
vrf;pOfygwDwGif ygwDwGif;'Drdkua&pDqdwfokOf;aeonf[kajymonfukdta=umif;ðyI ygwDwm0efrS ±kyfodrf;jcif;
cHcJh&onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif awmifolv,form;or*~
twGif;a&;r–;/ tkwfzdk+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf twGif;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
49? tkwfzdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;omarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;omarmifonf tkwfzdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(12443)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(54²4)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
{&m0wDwkdif;/ usdefwvmb&m;ukef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;pdef/ trd a':pdwfaumif;wdk@rS 1920
jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;omarmifonf (7)wef;atmifonftxd ynmoif
=um;cJh+yD; 1942 ckESpfwGif ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtkdifat)odk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? *syefacwf 'kwd,ywf
Akdvfoifwef;qif;/ xkdkrS 'kAdkvftqihfESifh wyf&if;(2) Akdvfr–;cspfòrdifwyfwGif awmfvSefa&;atmifjrifonftxd
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1945 ckESpfrS 1948 ckESpftxd jynfol@&Jabmf c±kdifpnf;±Hk;a&;r–;/ 1953 ckESpfrS 1962
ckESpftxd z-q-y-v/ z-w-v-p/ y-x-p oef@&Sif;wkd@wGif òrd@e,fOuUX/ c±kdifpnf;±Hk;a&;r–;ESihf A[dk
aumfrwD0iftxd tqifhqifhaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk
}uD;wGif òrd@e,fawmifolv,form;or*~ em,u/ òrd@e,for*~aygif;pHk OuUX/ tkwfzkdòrd@e,ftrsdK;om; 'Drdk
ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf?
50? tkwfwGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;odef;OD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD?
OD;odef;OD;onf tkwfwGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI

{&m0wDwdkif;/ ajrmif;jr+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1949 ckEpS f/ ZGefv (21)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;&Jbvl;.om;jzpf
- 154 -
onf? OD;odef;OD;onf 1971 ckESpfwGif &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(ocsFmpm&if;tif;ynm)bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf?
1972 ckESpfwGif jrpfzsm;ESifh jruefom¶kyf¶Sifjzef@csda&;wGif ¶kyf¶Sif¶dkufuGif;ESifhum;iSm;refae*sm/ zvift,f'Dwm/
1984 ckESpfwGif r[meENmyHkESdyfwdkuf refae*sm/ 1984-85 ckESpfwGif rdk;a0r*~Zif; tkyfcsKyfa&;rª;ESifh t,f'Dwm
tzGJ@0if/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif bGJ@&ESifhausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;
or*~(&efukefwuUodkvf) em,utjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
51? tkwfwGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;cifarmif0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cifarmif0if;onf tkwfwGif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? jrif;+cH+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;&if/ trd a':oef;EGJ@wkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (28)&uf
ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;cifarmif0if;onf 1962 ckEpS fwGif wuUokdvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1966 ckESpf
wGif azmif}uD;A[dk0efxrf;wuUodkvfY 'kvHkòcHa&;r–;oifwef;tywfpOf(3) wufa&mufatmifjrifcJhonf? 1967
ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd awmifilc±kdifwGif 'k&Jtkyftqifhjzihfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD; 1978 ckESpfwGif &JwyfzJG@rS
E_wfxGufcJhonf?
(8) rauG;wdkif;?
ta¶S@bufwGif rEWav;wdkif;/ ajrmufbufwGif ppfudkif;wdkif;/ taemufbufwGif csif;jynfe,fESifh &cdkif

jynfe,f/ awmifbufwGif yJcl;wdkif;wdk@wnf¶Sdonf?
rauG;wdkif;wGif +rdK@e,f(25)+rdK@e,f¶Sd/ rJqENe,f(39)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(16)cktm;udk,f

pm;jyK,SOf+ydKifolv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(162)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(8)OD;/
pkpkaygif;(170)OD;0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(39)ae&mpvHk;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;
cHcJh=u&onf?
1? uHr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;jrifhatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;jrifhatmifonf uHr+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(22711)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²5)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? uHròrd@e,f/
aZG@rd&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;omOm%f/ trd a':zGm;cifwkd@rS 1959 ckESpf/ ZGefv (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh
onf? OD;jrifhatmifonf ody`H("mwkaA')bJG@udk &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUokdvfrS 1985 ckESpfwGifwGif&¶SdcJhonf?
bJG@&+yD;(2)ESpfr# ausmfpGm"mwfajr=oZmpuf±HkwGifvkyfudfkif+yD;aemuf udk,fydkifqefpufvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf?
uHr+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–; wm0ef,lcJhI aZG@rdaus;&Gm/ +rdL@wGifaeonf? 1991 ckESpf/
azazmf0g&Dv (8)&ufae@pGJjzihf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS OD;jrifhatmiftm;
v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufcGifhðya=umif; a=unmcJhonf? ,if;a=unmcsufwGif OD;jrifhatmifu
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rdrdonf EkdifiHawmftm;vufeufpGJudkfifawmfvSefykefuefaom aomif;usef;oltzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh 1990 jynfh
ESpf/ atmufwkdbmvrSpIyl;aygif;+yD; ,if;wkd@xlaxmifonfpifòydiftpkd;&tzJG@wGif v,f,mESifhopfawm0ef}uD;
tjzpfyg0ifcJha=umif;/ ,cktcg rdrdtrSm;udkf rdrdodojzifh Oya'abmiftwGif;okd@0ifa&mufcJh+yD;jzpfaomfvnf;
rdrdonf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'udk av;pm;vkdufemaomtm;jzifh uHròrd@e,fjynfol@v$wfawmf
ukd,fpm;tjzpfta&G;cH&oltjzpfrS E_wfxGufcGifhðyyg&efawmif;cHvmI E_wfxGufcGifhðyvkdkufa=umif;azmfjyyg&Sd
onf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'Dzifbmv (18)&ufae‹wGif vGwfajrmufe,fajrrme,fyavmY jynfaxmifpkjrefrm
EdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&zGJ@pnf;wnfaxmif+yD;aemufydkif; oGm;a&mufyl;aygif;cJhonf? ,if;tpdk;&tzGJ@Y
v,f,mESifhopfawm0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpf 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'Dzifbmv (20)&ufae@wGif wm0efay;cef@tyf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv(19)&ufae‹wGif xdkif;EdkifiH/ befaumuf+rdK@±Sd jrefrmppfoH±Hk;/ ppfoHrª;
Adkvfrª;}uD;A[def;xHqufoG,fowif;ydk@I yJcl;wdkif;/ a±$awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;
vS,f OD;oef;ºuG,fESifhtwl tzrf;cHcJhonf?
2? acsmufjrdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;jrifhodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;jrifhodef;onf acsmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(29135)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²31)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh
&onf? tz OD;&J.om;/ yk*Hòrd@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1942 ckEpS f/ pufwifbmv (13)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;jrifhodef;
onf 1948 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd acsmuf+rdK@a&tdk;pOftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifcJhI
1959 ckESpfwGif bDtkdpDtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS (10)wef;atmifjrifonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuU
odkvfrS 0dZ…m(orkdif;)bJG@&cJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpfwGif jrefrmha&eHaumfydka&;&Sif;wGiftr_xrf;cJh+yD;/ 1972 ckESpf
wGifacsmufa&eHajrYwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? jrefrmha&eHaumfydka&;±Sif;/ acskmufa&eHajrYwm0efxrf;aqmif
aepOf 1974 ckESpf/ ta&;tcif;wGifyg0ifcJhr_jzifh rqvtpdk;&u tvkyfrSxkwfypfcJhonf? acsmufòrd@e,ftrsdK;
om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1998 ckESpfwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS acsmuf+rdK@
xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2001 ckESp/f Zlvdkifv (6)&ufae@wGif jyefvGwf
onf? 2003 ckESpf/ {+yDv (12)&ufae@wGif ‚if;.aetdrfY acsmuf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ¶Hk;cef;zGifh
vSpfyGJusif;ycJh&m 'kwd,OuUX ol&OD;wifOD;ESifh taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@rS qdkif;bkwf
wifzGifhvSpfay;cJhonf? arv (30)&ufae@ 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;jzpfyGm;t+yD;/
wjynfvHk;¶SdtzGJ@csKyf¶Hk;rsm;tm; etz rS rw&m;ydwfjypfcJh&m OD;jrifhodef;rdom;pkrSm nDDjzpfol jrefrmha&eH0efxrf;
.tdrfwGif oGm;a&mufaexdkifcJh&&mrS nDjzpfoltm; tm%mydkifrsm;u t=uyfudkif+cdrf;ajcmufzdtm;ay;cJhojzifh
nDjzpfol.tdrfrS rdom;pkESifhtwlxGufcGmay;cJh&ojzifh aexdkifp&mr¶Sd tcuftcJ}uHKcJh &onf?
3? acsmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwm!Gef@pdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwm!Gef@pdefonf acsmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? oefvsif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1928 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (11)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;armifarmif;.om;jzpf
onf? a'gufwm!Gef@pdefonf 1954 ckESpfwGif &efukefaq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrS
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1957 ckESpftxd wm0efusq&m0ef iSufzsm;Xme/ &efukefaq;±Hk}uD;/ 1957 ckESpfrS 1964 ckESpftxd
vufaxmufq&m0ef acsmuf/ oefvsif/ (bDtkdpD)/ 1963 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd vufaxmufq&m0ef}uD;/
q&m0ef}uD;/ jrefrmha&eHaq;±Hk(acsmufa&eHajr)/ 1977 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd q&m0ef}uD;/ jrefrmha&eHaumfydk
a&;¶Sif;(±Hk;csKyf)/ 1988 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif oufjynfhyifpif,lcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfwGif urBmhusef;rma&;tzJG@
tpDtpOfjzihf a&eHESihfa&eH"mwkvkyfom;rsm; vkyfief;cGifusef;rma&;ynmavhvm&ef taemuf*smr%D/ a[mf
vef/ tD&ef/ tD*spf/ tif'dkeD;&Sm;wkd@odk@oGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;
awmfyHk}uD;wGif jrefrmha&eHaumfydka&;¶Sif;(±Hk;csKyf) vkyfom;rsm;or*~ (,m,D) OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf?
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkwwfodynm&SiftzJG@0if/ rauG;wkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwDtzGJ@0if tjzpfaqmif
¶GufcJhonf?
4? *ef@a*g+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;atmifxl;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmifxl;onf *ef@a*g+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdu k a&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

tz OD;barmf/ trd a':cspfjrwkd@rS 1930 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (20)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifxl;
onf 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJh+yD; 1951 ckESpfrS 1957 ckESpftxd uu(aiGpm&if;)/ 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd *ef@a*g
+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyq&m/ 1983 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd vufaxmufòrd@e,f
ynma&;r–;/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHkumvwGif 0efxrf;or*~ OuUX tjzpf
wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (26)&ufae@wGif ESvHk;a&m*gjzifhuG,fvGefonf?
5? izJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;=unfvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;=unfvGifonf izJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(10807)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²54)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rif;bl;+rdK@
Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;¶Sif/ trd a':cifat;wdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (7)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
OD;=unfvGifonf rauG;aumvdyfrS 0dZ…m(ordkif;)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1979 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd rlvwef;jy
ausmif;q&m(aygif;uav;/ yef;'ef;)/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0if
cJhonf? ZeD; a':jraX;ESifh om;orD;(2)OD;xGef;um;onf? izJ+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;
a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (10)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSzrf;qD;I rauG;+rdK@ wyfr
(88)twGif; xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (26)&uf
ae@wGif usef;rma&;raumif;ojzifh jyefv$wfay;cJhonf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ arv (7)&ufae@wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;
jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 2001 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae@wGif o&uftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
6? pvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;wm/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
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OD;wmonf pvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if
a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(28490)rJ/ pkkpkayg0if;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²15)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
pvif;òrd@e,f/ vif;Zif;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;at;armif/ trd a':pef;=unfwdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ ZGefv (10)
&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wmonf 1972 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`HbJG@&¶SdcJhonf?
1972 ckESpfwGif apwkwˆ&m+rdK@e,for0g,rwGif pm&if;ppfvkyfcJh+yD;/ 1975 ckESpfrSpI udk,fydkifvkyfief; qefpuf/
qDpufvkyfcJhonf? ZeD; a':at;at;rdk;ESifh om;orD;(3)OD;xGefum;onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@
'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? pvif;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpf aqmif¶Guf
cJhonf? 1998 ckESpfwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS acsmuf+rdK@¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;
xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
7? pvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;uHOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;uHOD;onf pvif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

tz OD;vS&D/ trd a':cifEkwdk@rS 1952 ckESpf/ arv (11)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? pvif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf?
OD;uHOD;onf &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfrS 1977 wGif tif*sifeD,m(v#yfppfpGrf;tm;)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ZD;jzLyif&Gm
wJGzuftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyq&mvkyfcJhonf? ZeD; a':0rf;=unfESifh orD;wpfOD;xGef;
um;onf? qifjzLu|ef;+rdK@ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf
wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS acsmuf+rdK@¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jzif;cHcJh&+yD;
2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (28)&ufae@wGif jyefvGwfonf?
8? apwkwW&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;tHh=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;tHh=unfonf apwkwˆ&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvkHrJ(9995)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_H;(62²08)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf/ apwkwˆ
&m+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&mcsdef/ trd a':r,fwifwdk@rS 1938 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (31)&ufae@ wGifarG;zGm;cJh
onf? OD;thH=unfonf 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ynmtkyf/ &kH;pma&;/ rlvwef;jy/ rlvwef;ausmif;tkyf/ tv,fwef;
jy/ wm0efcHtv,fwef;ausmif;tkyf/ txufwef;jyponfjzihf tESpfoHk;q,fr#ynma&;wm0efxrf;¶GufcJh
onf? txufwef;jyausmif;q&mb0jzifht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? ZeD; a':wif=unfESifh om;orD;(5)OD;xGef;um;
onf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? apwkwˆ&m+rdK@e,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpfwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS
acsmuf+rdK@¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jzif;cHcJh&+yD; usef;rma&;raumif;ojzifh
aq;0g;ukor_cH,lEdkif&ef jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufcJh&onf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG
a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (17)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1441)jzifh
jynfol@ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
tjzpfrSEkwfxGuf+yD; aq;0g;ukor_cH,laepOf uG,fvGefcJhonf?
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9? qifaygif0J+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;[HaZmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;[HaZmfonf qifaygif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

qifaygif0J+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;a&$.om;jzpfonf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (2)&ufae@zGm;jzpf
onf? OD;[efaZmfonf qifaygif0J+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1963-
64 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS0dZ…mwef;atmif+yD; 1965 ckESpfwGif Akdvfavmif;oifwef;tywfpOf(32)/
arSmfbDAdkvfoifwef;ausmif;odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? wyfrawmfjyefwrf;0ift&m&Sdtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;
1977 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? rauG;wdkif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;
aumfrwD OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS
zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@wGif &JrGefwyf+rdK@xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfh&dyfom)rS
jyefvGwfonf?
10? qdyfjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdk;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pkd;0if;onf qdyfjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(25100)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²89)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? qdyfjzL+rdK@
Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifuav;/ trd a':a&$wifwkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ {+yDv (4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
OD;pdk;0if;onf rlvwef;ynmukd qdyfjzLtv,fydkif;q&mOD;cifausmif;wGifoif,lcJh+yD; tv,fwef;ESifhtxuf
wef;ukd qdyfjzL+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ xkkdrS wuUodkvf0ifwef;udk acsmuf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS
atmifjrifcJhonf? &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? &efukefòrd@wGif ukefonfvkyfief;jzifh
toufarG;onf?
11? aqm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;ausmfwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ausmfwifonf aqm+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

tz OD;atmifausmf.om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckESpf/ ZGefv (16)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;ausmfwifonf rlv
wef;rStxufwef;txd aw;aus;&Gm/ ausmufxk/ rif;wyfESifh rEWav;wdk@wGifynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1970
jynfhESpfwGif rif;wyf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS (10)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1973-74 ckESpfwGif rauG;
aumvdyfrS 0dZ…m(yx0D)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfwGif aqm+rdK@e,fpm&if;±Hk;Ytvkyf0ifcJhonf? vrf;pOfygwD0if/
wwd,ESifhpwkwˆt}udrf rauG;wdkif;aumifpD0if(tcsdefydkif;)/ 1988 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (16)&ufae@wGif 0efxrf;
tjzpfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? aqm+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf?
12? awmifwGif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
- 159 -
OD;odrf;=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;odrf;=unfonf awmifwGif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

jcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;atmifjrifh/ trd a':jroef;wdk@rS 1951 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (7)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh
onf? OD;odrf;=unfonf 1981 ckESpfwGif Oya'bJG@&&SdcJh+yD; w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvkdufygaqmif¶Gufonf?
1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGif jyKvkyfonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@.
tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1999 ckEpS f/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@&ufpGJygpmtrSwf 041§pnf;(pnf;¶Hk;)§99 jzifh
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; vHk;0udk,fpm;rjyKawmhonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif;
xkwfjyefcJhonf? etz rS 2004 ckESpf/ arv (17)&ufae@wGifjyefvnfusif;yonfh trsdK;om;nDvmcHodk@ woD;
yk*~vtjzpf a¶G;aumufyGJwGifa¶G;cs,fcHxm;&aomudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJ@wGif yg0ifwufa&mufcJhonf?
13? awmifwGif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmoef;Edkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmoef;Ekdifonf awmifwGif;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(27436)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²02)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? awmifwGif;}uD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf?
OD;odef;armif.om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;Edkifonf 1976 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif aq;wuUodkvf(2)/ r*Fvm'HkrS
q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? q&m0efb0jzihf toufarG;onf? 1998 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (14)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmuf
vSrf;a&;trSwf(15)rS rauG;+rdK@/ wyfr(88)¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh
&onf? 1999 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (4)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcJhojzifh
ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSjyefv$wfay;cJhonf?
14? xD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;apm0if;(c)OD;ausmfaZmvif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;apm0if;(c)OD;ausmfaZmvif;onf xD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? tz OD;ausmf!Gef@/ trd a':at;vSwkd@rS 1938 ckESpf/ arv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
OD;apm0if;(c)OD;ausmfaZmvif;onf 1955 ckESpfwGif *ef@a*g+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS (10)wef;atmif
jrifcJhonf? &efukefwuUodkvfwGifqufvufynmoif=um;cJh&m oy`HbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfrSpI owif;pm
q&mtjzpfvkyfudkifcJh+yD;wzufwGif ukefoG,fpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;vkyfudkifcJhonf? OD;apm0if;(c)OD;ausmfaZm
vif;onf &efukef-oefvsif wHwm;pDrHudef;twGuf ysOf;rem;+rdK@rSxkwf,lxm;aomopfrsm;tm; pDrHudef;odk@
o,f,lay;&ef udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfaqmif&GufaepOf opfrsm;ray;oGif;bJwdrf;a&Smifaeojzifh jynfolydkifypPnf;
umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;Oya' yk'fr 6 (1)/ jypfr_qkdif&musifhxHk;Oya' yk'fr (512)t& omauw+rdK@e,f
w&m;±Hk;wGifw&m;pGJqdkxm;+yD; w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmxm;cJhonf? ,if;aemuf OD;apm0if;(c)OD;ausmfaZm
vif;onf 1963 ckESpf/ trsm;ESifhoufqkdifaomypPnf;umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;Oya' yk'fr(3)t& jypfr_xif
- 160 -
&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukdf,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsuf
a=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (12)&ufae@
wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(958)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (7)&ufae@wGif om,m0wDaxmif
twGif;Y uG,fvGefcJhonf?
15? ewfarmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;AdkvfaxG;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;AkdvfaxG;onf ewfarmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

&onf? ewfarmuf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;atmif/ trd a':jrwkdk@rS 1926 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
OD;AkdvfaxG;onf tv,fwef;jyq&mjzpfatmifjrifcJhonf? 1953 ckESpfrS 1957 ckESpftxd tpdk;&rlvwef;
ausmif;q&m}uD; rauG;(&Sm;yifvS&Gm)/ 1957 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jy/ tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;(ewfarmuf)/ vrf;pOfygwD0if/ +rdK@e,fpmayvkyfom; OuUX/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk
ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@e,f em,u tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ewfarmuf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyfwGif em,u tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;
trSwf(15)rS rauG;+rdK@/ wyfr(88)¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (1)&ufae@wGif usef;rma&;csdK@wJhojzifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSjyefv$wfay;cJhonf?
16? ewfarmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;atmifjrifhodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmifjrifhodef;onf ewfarmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? ewfarmuf+rdK@/ atmifqef;&yfZmwdjzpfonf? tz a&S@aeOD;aeatmif(AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;.tpfukd)/
trd a':cifav;wkd@rS 1954 ckESpf/ ZGefv (13)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifjrifhodef;onf ewfarmuf
+rdK@wGif q,fwef;atmifjrifonftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? awmifolvkyfief;vkyfudkifonf? ewfarmuf+rdK@
e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (14)&ufae@wGif
ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;trSwf(15)rS rauG;+rdK@/ wyfr(88)¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;
xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (28)&ufae@wGif jyefvGwfonf? OD;atmifjrifhodef;zrf;qD;cHae&pOf 1999
ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@wGif ewfarmuf+rdK@Y jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fESpfOD;tm; vlwpk pk¶Hk;
I ¶_wfcsuef@uGufatmf[pfyGJjyKvkyfEdkifa&;twGuf oufqdkif&m+rdK@e,ftm%mydkifrsm;ESifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS
}uHhzGH@toif;0ifrsm;ESifh ynma&;XmerS q&m/ q&mrrsm;udktoHk;csv#uf +rdK@ay:Ytwif;t=uyfvufrSwfa&;
xdk;cdkif;jcif;jyKvkyfcJh&m OD;atmifjrihfodef;.ZeD; ewfarmuf+rdK@e,fpm&if;¶Hk;rS pm&if;ppfrª;a':aX;atmiftm;
vufrSwfa&;xdk;cdkif;onfudk jiif;qdkcJhojzifh ppfudkif;wdkif;¶Hk;odk@ajymif;a¶$@ypfcJhojzifh 1999 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (1)
&ufae@wGif ajymif;a¶$@cJh&onf?
17? yckuUL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
- 161 -
a'gufwm=unfrif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwm=unfrif;onf yckuUL+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

jcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;vSarmif/ trd a':zGm;usifwkd@rS 1958 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
a'gufwm=unfrif;onf 1965 ckESpfrS 1969 ckESpftxd yckuUL+rdK@tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf(11)wGif av;
wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhI 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd yckuUL+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)
wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD; q,fwefatmifjrifcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxdf oGm;bufqkdif&maq;
wuUodkvf&efukefwGif qufvufynmoif=um;cJh+yD; bD'DtufpfbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1983 ckESpfrSpI udk,fydkifoGm;
aq;ukcef;zGifhxm;cJhonf? 1998 ckESpfwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,l
zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 2000 jynfh
ESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (2)&ufae@wGifa=unmcsuftrSwf(1518)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS Ekwf
xGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
18? yckuUL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;v_difat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;v_difat;onf yckuUL+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

tz OD;tkef;armif/ trd a':vS!Gef@wdk@rS 1942 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (17)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
OD;v_difat;onf yckuUL+rdK@/ jrpfudkif;ausmif;rSav;wef;atmifjrifcJh+yD; yckuUL+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;
trSwf(2)rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfwGif rEWav;wuUodkvfrS ody`HbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1969
ckESpfrS 1973 ckESpftxd +rdKif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jy/ 1973 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxfd
yckkuUL+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wGif txufwef;jy/ 1981 ckESpfrSpI udk,fydkifqeffta&mif;
t0,fvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? &yfuGufEiS fh+rdK@e,f vlr_a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf
wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSxdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ygwDpHk
'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 2000 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (2)&ufae@wGif a=unm
19? yGifhjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;ausmf&Sif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ausmf&Sifonf yGifhjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

yGifhjzL+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aomif;/ trd a':tkdwkd@rS 1929 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (28)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;
cJhonf? OD;ausmf&Sifonf 1974 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS0dZ…mbJG@ESifh 1977 ckESpfwGif ynma&;wuUodkvfrS
ynma&;'Dyvkdrm&¶SdcJhonf? 1953 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tv,fwef;jy
(tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ yGifhjzL+rdK@)/ txufwef;jy (ukef;apmif;)/ vufaxmufynma&;r–;(yGifhjzL+rdK@)/
òrd@e,fvHk;u|wftoHk;vHk;auspmwwfajrmufa&;wGif acgif;aqmifr_ay;±Hkomruudk,fwkdifyg0ifoif=um;cJhonf?
- 162 -
yGifhjzL+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpfwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS
acsmuf+rdK@/ xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
20? yGifhjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmatmifrdk;ndK/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmatmifrdk;ndKonf yGifhjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? yGifhjzL+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;!dk/ trd a':+idrf;wkd@rS 1958 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (13)&ufae@wGifarG;
zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmatmifrdk;!dkonf 1982 ckESpfwGif &efukefaq;wuUodkvf(1)rS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf?
1984 ckESpfrSpI udk,fydkifaq;ukocef;zGifhxm;cJhonf? aq;ausmif;om;b0wGif vkyftm;ay;pm=u!fhwkdufr–;
ESifh vrf;pOfvli,ftzGJ@wGifyg0ifcJhonf? yGifhjzL+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OD;aqmiftzJG@0ifwm0ef,lcJh
onf? 1998 ckESpfwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS acsmuf+rdK@/ xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;
odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 2001 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (13)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf?
21? ayguf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;cifarmif=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cifarmif=unfonf ayguf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? OD;az!Gef@.om;jzpfonf? 1954 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (30)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? ayguf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf?
OD;cifarmif=unfonf 1974 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1979 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUokdvfrS ody`HbJG@&¶SdcJh
onf? 1988 ckESpfwGif 0efxrf;tjzpfrES _wfxGufI ayguf+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OD;aqmif
aumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? e0w rS 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmvwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJh&m
1992 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGif yckuULaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 1992 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (19)&ufae@wGif
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
22? ayguf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;atmifEdkifOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmifEkdifOD;onf ayguf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? OD;bwif.om;jzpfonf? ayguf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckESpf/ ZGefv (24)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf?
OD;atmifEkdifOD;onf 1957 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd ayguf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif owWrwef;txd/
1965 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd yckuUL+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wGif (8)wef;rS (10)wef;txd
ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1969 ckESpfwGif ayguf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS (10)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? aumifpD
pma&;0efxrf;tjzpf (2)ESpfwm0efxrf;aqmif+yD; tvkyfrSxGufcJhonf? '\eduaA't"du 0dZ…mbmomwGJudk
jyifyrS pwkwÊSpftxdajzqkdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrSpI ukkefonfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf?
- 163 -
23? rauG;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;ausmfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ausmfjrifhonf rauG;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(36954)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77²7)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
OD;pdef/ trd a':cifarwkd@rS 1943 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ewfarmuf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;ausmfjrifhonf 1961
ckESpfwGif rauG;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)rS wuUokdvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD; 1966 ckESpfwGif
rEWav;wuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf(=unf;) Adkvfoifwef;ausmif;/ arSmfbDodk@
wufa&mufcJh+yD; 1968 ckESpf/ ZGefvwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd 'kwd,Akdkvf/ wyfrawmfwGif Akdvf}uD;(cJGr–;/ Adkvfr–;)
tqifhtxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1984 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (13)&ufae@
wGif trSwf(15)ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS rauG;+rdK@/ wyfr(88)¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;
xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2001 ckEpS f/ ZGefv (28)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf?
24? rauG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;atmifpdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmifpdk;onf rauG;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(34012)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²5)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
OD;wif.om;jzpfonf? 1934 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;atmifpdk;onf 1945 ckESpfrS
1948 ckESpftxd jrpfem;ompnf tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ jrif;uGef;aus;&Gm tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif
ynmoif=um;cJhI tv,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfrS 1951 ckESpftxd a&eHacsmif;+rdK@tpdk;&txuf
wef;ausmif;wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD; txufwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd pmwkdkufESifh
a=u;eef;pm&if;ppfXme vufaxmufaiGpm&if;0ef/ rif;bl;+rdK@e,fpm&if;±Hk; pwkwˆ!ìef=um;a&;r–;/ 1974 ckESpfrS
1988 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fOD;pD;r–;tqifh(2) +rdK@e,fpm&if;±Hk;/ rauG;wkdif; pm&if;OD;pD;r–;tjzpf wm0efxrf;¶GufcJh
onf? 1996 ckESpfwGif ‚if;aexdkif&m rauG;+rdK@/ jynfawmfomwdkufcef;/ trSwf(5§c)rS twif;tusyfz,f¶Sm;
cdkif;jcif;cHcJh&ojzifh z,f¶Sm;ay;cJh&onf? 1998 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (13)&ufae@wGif trSwf(15)ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;
rS rauG;+rdK@/ wyfr(88)¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD; xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2001
ckESpf/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf?
25? +rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;omatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;omatmifonf +rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? +rdK@opf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifaomif;/ trd a':tHk;&ifwkd@rS 1955 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
OD;omatmifonf q,fwef;txdoif=um;cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmf
yHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? +rdK@opf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998
- 164 -
ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (21)&ufae@wGif trSwf(15)ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS rauG;+rdK@/ wyfr(88)¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;
({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (28)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf?
26? +rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)?
OD;cspfaxG;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cspfaxG;onf +rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

+rdK@opf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 13-7-65 zGm;/ tz OD;wifarmif/ trd a':aygufpwdk@rS 1965 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (13)
&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;cspfaxG;onf 1987 ckESpfwGif ody`H(±lyaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988
ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? +rdK@opf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,f
pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1988 ckESpfu +rdK@opf+rdK@e,fvrf;pOfvli,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwDrS pm¶Gufpmwrf;
rsm;/ pma&;ud&d,mESifh toHk;taqmifrsm;tm; oydwftzGJ@rSrD;¶d_@zsufqD;cJhonf[kqdkum (8)ESpfcef@=umrS tr_
zGifhw&m;pGJqdkI axmif'%fcsrSwftjypfay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 2001 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (1)&ufae@wGif o&ufaxmif
rSjyefvGwfonf?
27? rif;wkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;xGef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;xGef;0if;onf rif;wkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20241)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²01)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
OD;OD;om/ trd a':wifwkd@rS 1929 ckESpf/ {+yDv (17)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;xGef;0if;onf a&eHacsmif;+rdK@
wGif (9)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1953 ckESpfwGif ZeD; a':opfESifh rif;wkef;+rdK@wGiftdrfaxmifusonf?
"mwfyHkESihfpmyHkESdyfvkyfief;rsm;jzihftoufarG;onf? 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (24)&ufae@rSpI rif;wkef;
+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUXtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1998 ckESpfwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS
zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ {+yDv (7)&ufae@ eHeuf(11)em&DtcsdefwGif rif;wkef;+rdK@e,f
&Jpcef;rª;OD;xdefeef;ESifh&Jom;rsm;u OD;xGef;0if;.aetdrfa¶S@wGif OD;xGef;0if;.om; udkvwfzGifhxm;onfh AD'D,dk
tacGiSm;qdkifodk@ 0ifa&muf¶SmazG=u+yD;/ vdkifpifrJhEdkifiHjcm;AD'D,dktacGrsm;awG@¶Sdonf[kqdkum rif;wkef;+rdK@bk&m;
}uD;0if;Y touf(70)jynfhtjzpf Oyk'f}uD;0ifaeonfh OD;xGef;0if;tm;oGm;a&mufzrf;qD;ac:aqmifvmcJh+yD;/
&Jpcef;wGifcsKyfxm;I OD;xGef;0if;tm; ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS tzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0iftjzpfESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,f
pm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; vufrSwfa&;xdk;ay;&ef t"rR+cdrf;ajcmuft=uyfudkifcJhonf? OD;xGef;0if;rS
rdrd,Hk=unfcsufudkrpGef@v$wfEdkifa=umif;ajymqdkI cdkifcdkifrmrm&yfwnfcJhojzifh vdkifpifrJhAD'D,dkacGvuf0,fxm;¶Sd
r_jzifh tr_zGifhw&m;pGJqdk+yD; axmif'%f(3)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 2001 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae@wGif
o&uftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
28? rif;bl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;pdk;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 165 -
OD;pdk;jrifhonf rif;bl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI
0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(21324/)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²81)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1946 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (3)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;!Gef@.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdk;jrifhonf 1968 ckESpfwGif
rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkfvf ody`H(owWaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd txufweff;jy
ausmif;q&m (qifjzLu|ef;+rdK@/ yGifhjzL+rdK@)/ 1974 ckESpfrSpI ukefonfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf
(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? rif;bl;+rdK@e,fESifh rauG;wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwdk@wGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmvwGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS
zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)jzifhtif;pdeftusOf;axmif
wGif axmif'%f(14)ESpfjypf'%fay;jcif;cHcJh&&m ,ae@wdkifjzpfonf?
29? rif;bl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;vSpdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vSpdk;onf rif;bl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

tz OD;pdef/ trd a':odef;wifwkd@rS 1934 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (20)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSpdk;onf q,f
wef;atmifonftxdynmoif=um;cJhI 1951 ckESpfwGifwyfrawmfokd@0ifa&muftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1953 ckESpfrS
1962 ckESpftxd Adkvfavmif;oifwef;qif;+yD; 'kAkdvfrS Adkvf}uD;txd/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd yxrywf
au'goifwef;qif;/ rif;bl;c±dkifygwDpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;/ a'gyHk+rdK@e,fygwD,lepf OuUX/ ucsifjynfe,fwdkif;cJGESifh a'o
twGif;a&;r–;/ u,m;jynfe,fa'oygwDaumfrwD OuUX/ 1978 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbmvwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOf
ygwDtwGif;jy\emjzpf&m atmifausmv f if;ppfqifa&;jzifh a'oygwDaumfrwD OuUX (14)OD;tm;xdef;odrf;
&mwGifyg0ifonf? 1980 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmvwGif xdef;odrf;xm;&mrSjyefvnfvGwfajrmufonf? 1980
jynfhESpfaemufydkif; udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGifjyKvkyfonfh trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@
&ufpGJygpmtrSwf 041§pnf;(pnf;¶Hk;)§99 jzifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; vHk;0udk,fpm;rjyKawmhonfh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif;xkwfjyefcJhonf? etz rS 2004 ckESpf/ arv (17)&ufae@wGifjyef
vnfusif;yonfhtrsdK;om;nDvmcHodk@ woD;yk*~vtjzpf a¶G;aumufyGJwGifa¶G;cs,fcHxm;&aomudk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;tpktzGJ@wGif yg0ifwufa&mufcJhonf?
30? rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;cspfwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cspfwifonf rif;vS+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd ;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(21631)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(56²68)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
OD;xGef;wif/ trd a':puDwdk@rS 1945 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (3)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;cspfwifonf
ody`HbJG@/ txufwef;a&S@aeESifh rSwfyHkwifOya'bJG@wkd@&onfh w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aejzpfonf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1979
ckESpftxd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m (o&uf/ rif;vS)/ 1979 ckESpfwGif emrusef;yifpif,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfh
ESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? rif;vS+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX
tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;cspfwifonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqEN
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e,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGifðyvkyfcJhaom v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;ESifh
1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@wGif rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@
csKyf±Hk;wGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@ wufa&mufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&
pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;zJG@pnf;xm;aom Hard Core (6)OD;wGifyg0ifonf? 1990 jynfh
ESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@u rEWav;-arðrd@um;vrf;ab; qefpuf0if;xJwGifðyvkyfcJho!fh e,fpyf
wpfae&modk@ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f (20) odk@r[kef (25)OD;cef@oGm;a&muf+yD; ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;
r!fhv#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@vnf;wufa&mufcJhonf? ,if;a=umifh oufqkdif&muzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJhonf?
,if;aemuf OD;cspfwifonf jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJ
Oya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzihf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfryS ,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD
taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? aemif
wGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,Sof+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckEpS f/ ZGefv (29)&ufae@wGif
tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGonf? 1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS &efukef+rdK@
wGif &JrGefwyfpcef;¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJh+yD;/ 1999 ckESpf/ rwfv (29)
&ufae@wGif rauG;+rdK@/ wyfr(88)¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;odk@ ajymif;a¶$@xdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
(30)&ufae@wGif usef;rma&;a=umifh jyefv$wfay;cJhonf?
31? +rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;atmifqef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmifqef;jrifhonf +rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? A[ef;+rdK@e,fZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifvS/ trd a':rr}uD;wkd@rS 1941 ckEpS fwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
OD;atmifqef;jrifhonf A[ef;+rdK@e,f/ *srm;&dyfom/ jrLausmif;/ A[ef;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif
q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1956 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd A[ef;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;
or*~0if/ 1961 ckESpf/ ðyjyifxdef;odrf;a&;avwyfpcef; t&yfom;atmufwef;pma&;/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpf
txd vli,fhwyfOD; ArmEkdifiHajray:tvHeDtzJG@0if/ vli,fwyfOD;(tvHeD)wGifyg0ifr_jzifh rqv tpdk;&u 1966
ckESpfrSpI tif;pdefaxmifwGifav;ESpf/ udkudk;u|ef;wGifESpfESpfzrf;qD;axmifcsxm;cJh+yD; 1972 ckESpfwGif jyefv$wf
ay;cJhonf? 1973 ckESpfwGif +rdKif+rdK@e,fae a':pdefa&$ESifhvufxyfI orD;wOD;xGef;um;onf? 1350 jynfhESpf
(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif &Gmopfaus;&Gmoydwfacgif;aqmif/ 1989 ckESpfwGif
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ‹csKyfzGJ‹pnf;o!fhtcg +rdKif+rdK‹e,fpnf;±Hk;a&;tzGJ‹0ifjzpfvmcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ puf
wifbmv (30)&ufae@u rEWav;+rdK@wGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&v#dK@0SufzJG@pnf;a&;tpnf;ta0;odk@ wuf
a&mufcJhojzifh oufqkdif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJhonf? xkd@aemuf jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr (112)(1)t& jypfr_
xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idfpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,f
zsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (6)&ufae@
wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(996)jzifh xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf
+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (29)&ufae‹wGifaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
32? +rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;jrifhatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 167 -
OD;jrifhatmifonf +rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI
tz OD;odrf;armif/ trd a':cifoef;wdk@rS 1959 ckESp/f arv (18)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;jrifhatmifonf
+rdKif+rdK@tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)ESifh +rdKif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wdk@wGif (10)wef;atmif
jrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? q,fwef;atmifjrif+yD;aemuf yckuULa'oaumvdyfESihf &efukef+rdK@wdk@wGif
qufvufynmoif=um;cJh&m 1984 ckESpfwGif ody`H("mwkaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf?
33? a&p}udK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;armfeD/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armfeDonf a&p}udK+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

OD;armfwif.om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckESpf/ arv (21)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? a&p}udK+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;armfeD
onf 1968 ckESpfwGif a&p}udK+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS tajccHtxufwef;atmifjrifI 1973 ckESpfwGif
Oya'0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1976 ckESpftxd &efukefwGif tvkyfoifa&S@aeESifha&S@aevkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1976
ckESpfrSpI w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif¶GufcJhonf?
34? a&p}udK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;wifarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifarmifonf a&p}udK+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? a&p}udK+rdK@e,f/ uHopfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pdef/ trd a':oef;wifwkd@rS 1945 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;
cJhonf? OD;wifarmifonf 0dZ…m(Oya')ESifh Oya'0dZ…mbJG@wdk@udk &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUokdvfrS 1974 ckESpfwGif
&¶SdcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@ae
tjzpfvkdufaqmif¶GuftoufarG;onf? OD;wifarmifonf “rdrdonf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f
pm;ðyI v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHxm;&oljzpfa=umif;/ a&p}udK+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tzJG@0iftcsKd@onf Oya'udkav;pm;vkdufemr_r&SdbJ rdrdwdk@xif&mjrif&mudk a&;om;ðyrl ajym
qdkr_rsm;&Sdaea=umif;/ aemufaemifwGif Oya'ESifhrnDaomðyvkyfr_rsm;jzpfay:vmygu rdrd.*k%foduQmESifh tzJG@
csKyf.*k%foduQm xdckdufusqif;zG,f&mrsm;jzpfay:EkdifygI rdrdtm;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGufcGifh
ðyyg&ef aumfr&Sifokd@wifjyvmI aumfr&SifuE_wfxGufcGifhðya=umif;” 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (4)&ufae@wGif a=u
nmcsuftrSwf(931)jzifh a=unmcJhonf?
35? a&eHacsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
ocif-cif!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 168 -
ocif-cif!Gef@onf a&eHacsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,f
onf? txufrif;vS+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jrwf}uD;/ trd a':=uifr_Hwdk@rS 1914 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (6)&ufae@
wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ocifcif!Gef@onf 1931 ckESpfu a&eHacsmif;+rdK@wGif 'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;udk pwifwnf
axmifI wGJzuftwGif;a&;r–;wm0ef/ 1300 jy!fhta&;awmfyHk tvkyform;acgif;aqmif/ (axmif'%fwpfESpf
uscHcJh&onf?) tm&Svli,f OuUX/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&; +rdK@e,facgif;aqmif/ armfuGef;0if&onf? xkdrS a&eH
acsmif;+rdK@ aps;or*~wnfaxmifol/ pme,fZif;ukd,fpm;vS,f/ urBmh+idrf;csrf;a&;uGef*&uf 'kwd,OuUX/
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk(y-r-n-w) acgif;aqmif/ 1956 ckESpfwGif &efukef+rdK@
Y pmayavmupmtkyfwkdufudkwnfaxmifonf? 'kd@Arm tpnf;t±Hk;orkdif;jyKpka&;aumfrwD0if aqmf=oa&;
r–;/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifwufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? vli,fnD!Gwf
a&;wyfaygif;pkwGif em,utjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmuf
vSrf;a&;rS xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJh+yD;/ pufwifbmv (14)&ufae@wGif
touft¶G,fESifhusef;rma&;t& jyefv$wfay;cJhonf?
36? a&eHacsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;cifausmf[ef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cifausmf[efonf a&eHacsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

jcif;cHcJh&onf? a&eHacsmif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;odef;[ef/ trd a':cif+yHK;wkd@rS 1953 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv
(23)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;cifausmf[efonf a&eHacsmif;+rdK@ trSwf(1)tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS
tajccHynmtxufwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD; Oya'bGJ@aemufqHk;ESpftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS
1987 ckESpftxd jrefrmha&eHaumfydka&;&Sif;wGif 'k-ypPnf;xdef;(puf)tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD; 1987 ckESpf
wGif wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1974 ckESpf/ a&eHacsmif;a&eHajrtvkyform;oydwfwGif wufºuGpGmyg0if
v_yf&Sm;cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfykH}uD;+yD;aemuf a&eHacsmif;+rdK@wGif
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf±Hk;udkpwifzGJ@pnf;wnfaxmif&mwGifyg0ifcJh+yD; +rdK@e,ftvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ OuUX
tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1992 ckESpfrS 1995 ckESpftxd o&uftusOf;axmifwGif (3)ESpfuscHcJh&onf? 1998
ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (14)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;trSwf(15)rS rauG;+rdK@/ wyfr(88)¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;
({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (28)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf?
2001 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (4)&ufae@wGif xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf vGwfajrmufe,fajrodk@a&muf¶Sdonf?
37? o&uf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;cifarmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cifarmifoef;onf o&uf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(34879)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²01)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
o&uf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bopf/ trd a':wifwifwkd@rS 1930 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (11)&ufae@wGifarG;
zGm;cJhonf? OD;cifarmifoef;onf 1963 ckESpfwGif 0dZm… (ynma&;)ESifh 1970 jynfhESpfwGif ynma&;0dZ…mbGJ@wkd@&
¶SdcJhonf? 1956 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tv,fwef;ausmif;ESifhtxufwef;
- 169 -
ausmif; ausmif;tkyf/ +rdK@e,fynma&;r–;/ 1979 ckESpw f Gif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/
jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wkdufyGJaumfrwD0ifESifh +rdK@jytkyfcsKyfa&;tzJG@ em,u tjzpf aqmif&Guf
cJhonf? o&uf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf?
38? atmifvH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;!Gef@v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;!Gef@v_difonf atmifvH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(17310)rJ/ pkkpkaygi;f rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(57²45)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? atmifvH+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGef;v_dif.om;jzpfonf? 1939 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (6)&ufae@zGm;jzpf
onf? OD;!Gef@v_difonf 1964 ckESpfwiG f &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1960-61 ckESpfwGif xD;wef;
aumvdyf pnf;§wm0efcH/ 1961-62 ckESpfwGif &mrnaqmifo[m,ESifhpmzwftoif; OuUX/ 1962 ckESpfwGif
&efukefwuUokdvfo&ufc±dkifausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;toif; twGif;a&;r–;/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd
ukefoG,fa&;pm&if;udkif/ ausmif;q&m/ 1979 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lchJonf? ,if;aemuf rSwfyHkwifOya'
oifwef;wufcJhonf? 1997 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (24)&ufae@wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1950 jynfh
ESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)jzifh w&m;pGJqdkcH&+yD; tvkyfESifhaxmif'%f(5)ESpfjypf'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh
&onf? 2001 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (18)&ufae@wGif o&uftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? rauG;wdkif; pnf;&Hk;a&;
tzGJ@.b¾ma&;rSL;jzpfol OD;nGef@vd_iftm; cGifhjyKcsufr&dSbJaus;&Gmrsm;odk@uGif;qif;pnf;&Hk;onf// ygwDpnf;&Hk;
a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk ajymifajymifwif;wif;aqmif&Gufonf// EdkifiHawmfvkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;tay:
rxDrJhjrif jyKonf[laompGyfpGJcsufrsm;jzifh 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHrSKtufOya'yk'fr 5(n)jzifhta&;,ljyD;
axmif '%f(5)ESpfcsrSwfcJhjcif;jzpfonf//
39? atmifvH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;odef;ZH/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;odef;ZHonf atmifvH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20717)rJ/ pkkpkaygi;f rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(61²79)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? OD;wif.om;jzpfonf? atmifvH+rdK@e,f/ 'k&*FAkdvfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1938 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (15)
&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;odef;ZHonf 1945 ckESpfrS 1956 ckESpftxd uopfuefaus;&Gmbkef;}uD;ausmif;/
anmifyifqdyf tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ jynf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ atmifvH+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;ESifh &efukeftvGwfynmoifausmif;rsm;wGif txufwef;txdynmoifcJh+yD;/ 1957-58 ckESpfwGif
&efukefwuUokdvfrS bDat-bDt,fvfbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ukefoG,fa&;wGif acwW0ifvkyf+yD; 1968 ckESpfrSpI
txufwef;a&S@ae(,m,D)/ tpdk;&a¶S@ae/ w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aeponfjzifhvkyfudkifcJhonf? &efukefwuUokdfvf
ae@ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;toif;/ o&uffc±dkifausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;toif;/ abm*aA'toif;/
awmifilaqmif o[m,ESihfpmzwftoif;wkd@wGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG
a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (7)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1374)jzifh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
- 170 -
(9) rEWav;wdkif;?
awmifbufwGif yJcl;wdkif;/ taemufbufwGif rauG;wdkif;/ ajrmufbufwGif ppfudkif;wdkif;ESifh ta¶S@

bufwGif ¶Srf;jynfe,fwdk@wnf¶Sdonf?
rEWav;wdkif;wGif rJqENe,f(56)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(26)cktm;udk,fpm;jyK,SOf+ydKifol v$wf

awmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(282)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(15)OD;/ pkpkaygif;(297)OD; 0if
a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(55)ae&mESifhwoD;yk*~v(1)ae&m/ toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?
1? ausmufqnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;atmifausmfOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmifausmfOD;onf ausmufqnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

jcif;cHcJh&onf? ausmufqnf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausmfcif/ trd a':cifjrOD;wkd@rS 1956 ckESpf/ arv (25)
&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifausmfOD;onf 1980 jynfhESpfwGif &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfrS tif*sifeD,mbJG@
(csnf§txnf)&¶SdcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfrS 1983 ckESpt f xd a&$awmif(csnfr#ifESifhtxnf)puf±HkpDrHudef;ESifh
txnfpuf±Hk(5)&efukef 0efxrf;/ 1984 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd udk,fydkifarmfawmf,mOfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJh
onf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drduk a&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf?
2? ausmufqnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;ausmf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ausmf0if;onf ausmufqnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? ausmufqnf+rdK@e,f/ ig;ajrmifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&Sdef/ trd a':xGef;=unfwkd@rS 1955
ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmf0if;onf 1979 ckESpfwiG f rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`H
wuUodkvfrS ody`H("mwkaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yJGatmifjrifonf? 1980
jynfhESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd a&S@aeynmqnf;yl;cJhonf// 1982 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd wGJzuf txufwef;jy/
oH&GmwJGzuftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ 1982 ckESpfwGif a':cifjrESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/
jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? ausmufqnf+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif
pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
3? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;AdkvfZH/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 171 -
OD;AdkvfZHonf ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;
udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(35320)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²87)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,f/ ta&S@tifwdkif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;baomf/ trd
a':at;v_difwkd@rS 1937 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;Adv k fZHonf 1964 ckESpfwGif
rEWav;wuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfwGif pcef;r–;/ aumufyJoD;ESH t0,fpcef;(ausmufyef;
awmif;+rdK@)/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd XmecJGrefae*sm/ +rdK@e,fukefoG,fa&;(ausmufyef;awmif;/ yk*H/
anmifOD;/ aqm)/ 1972 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd qDpufvkyfief;(ausmufyef;awmif;)/ 1956 ckESpfwGif y-r-
n-w/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD t&efygwD0if/ yky`g;awmifa*gufoD;&kduf
toif; OuUX/ 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@e,foydwfwyfaygif;pk
'kwd,OuUX/ ZeD; a':wifrESifhom;orD;(5)OD;xGef;um;onf? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0if tjzpfwm0ef,lchJonf? ,ck rEWav;wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶Gufv#uf¶Sdonf? 2003 ckESp/f arv (30)&ufae@ 'DyJ,if;aoG;
acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;jzpfyGm;t+yD; ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;
2004 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (16)&ufae@wGif trSwf(16)axmufvSrf;a&;wyfrS jyefvGwfonf?
4? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;aiGxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;aiGxGef;onf ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(35735)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mE_ef;(68²44)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh
&onf? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,f/ uifyGef;+cHK&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;omtd/ trd a':at;wifwdk@rS 1937
ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (15)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;aiGxGef;onf 0dZ…m(ynma&;)ESifh ynma&;0dZ…mbJG@wkd@&¶SdcJh
onf? 1957 ckESpfrSpI txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf
(1)/ 1973 ckESpfrSpI tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyf/ txufwef;ausmif;tkyf/ 1984 ckESpfrSpI +rdK@e,fynma&;r–;
ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@/ 1988 ckESpf/ rwfv (1)&ufae@wGif ±Hk;pma&;wpfOD; rSm;,Gif;pGmðypkaom 1987 ckESpf/
tXrwef;ajzqkdolpm&if;ukd vufrSwfxdk;rdI vkyfoufjynfhyifpifay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1982 ckESpfwGif jrefrmh
qdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD wif;jynfhygwD0if/ 1986 ckESpfwGif tajccHEdkifiHa&;oifwef;trSwfpOf(53)qif;/ 1350
jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
5? pOfhuljrdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;apmaX;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;apmaX;onf pOfhul+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(26079)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(65)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;b'if/
trd a':Zifwdk@rS 1934 ckESpf/ {+yDv (7)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;apmaX;onf 1962 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbGJ@
(ynma&;)bGJ@ESifh 1966 ckESpfwGif bDtD;'DbGJ@wdk@udk &efukefynma&; wuUodkvfrS&¶SdcJhonf? 1957 ckESpfrS 1972
ckESpftxd/ txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ xdk@aemufpOfhul+rdK@e,f ynma&;rª;tjzpfwm0efxrf;¶GufcJhonf? 1972
ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd pOfhul+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; wGif ausmif;tkyftjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1975
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ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd rEWav;taemufajrmuf+rdK@e,f ynma&;rª;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? rEWav;wdkif;pnf;
¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD 'kwd,OuUX jzpfonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (19)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS zrf;qD;
xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2004 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (16)&ufae@wGif rEWav;tusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
6? pOfhudkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmpdk;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmpdk;jrifhonf pOfhudkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m cddkifvHkrJ(18461)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²92)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh
&onf? wHwm;OD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oef;a&$/ trd a':tkef;arwdk@rS 1946 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (12)&ufae@
wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmpdk;jrifhonf ausmufqnf+rdK@/ jynfvHk;Ekdiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUokdvf
0ifwef;atmifjrifI 1972 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ar+rdK@/ tajccsppfaq;±Hk
(1)wGif tvkyfoifq&m0eftjzpf(1)ESpfxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1983 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd udk,fydkifaq;cef;/
1982 ckESpfwGif +rdK@e,fwkdif;&if;jrefrmorm;awmfrsm;tzJG@ OuUX/ 1971 ckESpfwGif a':EkEkat;ESifhvufxyfcJh
onf? pOfhudkif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf?
7? pOfhudkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmvSpdk;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmvSpkd;!Gef@onf pOf@udkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15458)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(69²07)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? rEWav;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;[ef!Gef@/ trd a':cspfcspfwkd@rS 1957 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv
(11)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmvSpkd;!Gef@onf 1983 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@
&¶SdcJhonf? ausmif;om;b0u vl&nfc|ef(e0rwef;)&onf? toHk;vHk;ESifhvli,fvkyftm;ay;wGifyg0ifcJhonf?
1985 ckESpfwGif a'gufwma':aX;0if;ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? udk,fydkifaq;cef;zGifhxm;onf? 1350 jynfh(1988
ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? pOfhudkif+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif
pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@nwGif jzpfysufcJhonfh tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkif
yg0ifywfoufpDpOfusL;vGefcJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;twGif; a':atmifqef;
pk=unfESifhtzGJ@.,mOfwef;wGifyg0ifvdkufygcJh+yD;/ vkyf}uHowfjzwfwdkufcdkufolrsm;&efrS toufrao vGwf
ajrmufvmcJhonf?
8? anmifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;csdK/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;csKdonf anmifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

anmifOD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ba&$/ trd a':jrtHkwdk@rS 1921 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;csKdonf Oypm
ody`Htxufwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhI ausmif;om;or*~/ tm&Svli,fESifh a&eHajrtvkyform;tpnf;
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t±Hk;wdk@wGifyg0ifcJhonf? ausmif;q&m/ axmufyHha&;ESifh a&eHt&m&Sd/ ysHoef;a&;vufaxmuf/ Adkvfavmif;
oifwef;qif;/ &JtzJG@wGif ESpf(30)ausmf 'k&Jtkyfb0rS r_cif;vufaxmuf&Jrif;}uD;tqifhxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh
onf? 1981 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? ZeD; a':pdef&ifESifh om;orD;(7)OD;xGef;um;onf? 1350 jynfh
(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif vHk+cHKa&;ESifhat;csrf;om,ma&; OuUX/ anmifOD;+rdK@e,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0ifwm0ef,lcJhonf?
9? anmifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;azwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;azwifonf anmifOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

ewWvif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wif/ trd a':vSykwdk@rS 1927 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
OD;azwifonf owWrwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd tajrmufwyfom;/ wyfpdyfr–;/ 1946
ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfodk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1946 ckESprf S 1958 ckESpftxd ,mOfjyif(1) 'kwyf=uyf tif*sifeD,m
wyfrS y-t&mcHAdkvftxd/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1961 ckESpftxd vHk+cHKa&;wyfzGJ@r–;(uu)/ 1962-63 ckESpfwGif
wyfa&;/ OuUX evu tr&yl&/ twGif;a&;r–; ajr,maumfrwD rEWav;wkdif;ESifh opfxkwfvkyfa&;tzGJ@/ 1963
ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd wyfpkr–;/ ppfa=umif;r–;/ cv&(11)/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fOD;pD;refae*sm
ukefoG,fa&;(anmifOD;§uGwfcdkif)/ 1974 ckESpfrSpI ‘rm;om;’wnf;ckd&dyfomvkyfief;&Sif/ ZeD;a':EkEkwifESifh
om;orD;(4)OD;xGef;um;onf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif yk*H+rdK@/ +rdK@rd
+rdK@ztzGJ@ em,u/ +rdK@e,frsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ OuUX/ anmifOD;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
+rdK@e,fpnf;&Hk;a&;aumfrwD0ifwm0ef,lcJhonf?
10? wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;at&m/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;at&monf wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(16686)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²9)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? wHwm;OD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1921 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? ODzdk;0ef.om;jzpf
onf? ODat&monf A[dkaemfrHausmif;rS txufwef;q&mjzpf([dkif;&m;*&dwf)ESifh ausmif;xGufvufrSwf&
pmar;yGJudkygtvGwfajzqdkatmifjrifcJhonf? 1300 jy!fhESpf/ ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,fausmif;om;
rsm;or*~ OuUX/ oydwfacgif;aqmif/ ajratmufawmfvSefa&; tcsdefjy!fhtzJG@0if/ ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf
(bDtdkifat)/ wHwm;OD;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;tzJG@0if/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)/ wyf&if;(1) wyfom;/
r*Fvm'HkAdkvfoifwef;ausmif; wwd,ywfAdkvfoifwef;qif;/ wyf&if;(3)/ wyfcJG(1)/ ±Hk;tkyf(tvkyfoifAfdkvf)/
*syefawmfvSefa&;wGif txufArmjynfwkdif;wm0efjzifh wHwm;OD;+rdK@wGifv_yf&Sm;cJhonf? z-q-y-v OuUX
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;.vHkòcHa&;wm0ef/ AdkvfcsKyfusqHk;+yD;aemuf +rdK@e,fwGif rlvwef;ESifhtv,fwef;jyq&m
tjzpf t+idrf;pm;,lonftxdaqmif&GufchJonf? wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,frsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ em,u ESifh
pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
11? wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
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OD;oef;eD/ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;oef;eDonf wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

I 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvkHrJ(16432)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(63²42)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? wHwm;OD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 25-3-1931 ckESpf/ rwfv (25)&ufae@zmG ;jzpfonf? OD;om&Sef;.om;jzpf
onf? OD;oef;eDonf 1964 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…m(ynma&;)bJG@/ 1968 ckESpfwGif0dZ…mbGJ@ESifh 1970 jynfhESpfwGif
ynma&;0dZ…mbGJ@wkd@&¶SdcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd
txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ txufwef;ausmif;tkyf/ 1979 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1946 ckESpf/ EdkifiH
vHk;qkdif&mausmif;om;oydwfwGif wHwm;OD;ausmif;om;oydwfacgif;aqmif/ Auorsm;tzJG@csKyf nDvmcH
udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? wHwm;OD;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;
wm0ef,lcJhonf?
12? wyfukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;0rf;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;0rf;armifonf wyfukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(25422)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²74)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? wyfukef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vS/ trd a':apmvS wkd@rS 1946 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23)&ufae@
wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;0rf;armifonf wyfukef;+rdK@/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wGif q,fwef;txd
ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1967 ckESpfwGif a':wifoef;ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? pdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;vkyfvsuf vlr_a&;/
bmoma&;toif;tzJG@rsm;wGif OD;aqmifOD;&GufjyKcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;
awmfyHk}uD;wGif aus;&Gmtkyfpk(64)&Gmodk@ vS!fhvnfIa[majymaqG;aEG;cJhonf? wyfukef;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
13? wyfukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;0if;v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;0if;v_difonf wyfukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? uav;0+rdK@e,f/ uav;0pDrHudef;opfacsmif;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1963 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (27)&ufae@
zGm;jzpfonf? OD;atmifxGef;.om;jzpfonf? OD;0if;v_difonf &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H(±lyaA')
bJG@&¶SdcJhI rSwfyHkwifOya'pmar;yGJatmifjrifonf? 1989 ckESpfwGiftdrfaxmifjyKcJhonf? ukefonfwydkif; a&S@ae
wykdif; toufarG;onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf(A[kd)wGif A[dkvli,fvkyfief;tzJG@0ifESifh A[kdOD;pD;tzJG@0if
wm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;0if;v_difonf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. *ENDcef;rqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; e0wxHrS v$wf
awmfac:,lcGifhr&v#if vkyfaqmifoifho!fhenf;vrf;oHk;oG,fpmwrf;udk tzG@Jrsm;cJGIwkdifyifaqG;aEG;a&;om;
=u&mwGif vli,fA[dktzJG@.tkyfpkacgif;aqmiftjzpfaqmif&GufcJho!fhtwGuf oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;
jcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;0if;v_difonf 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr(5)(u)(c)(n)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;
pD&ifjcif;cHcJh&I a&G;aumufyJGOya'yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsuf
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a=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20)&ufae@
wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(987)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemif (10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if
,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (24)&ufae‹wGif ESpf±Snfaxmif'%ftjypf
ay;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
14? awmifom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;cspfcdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cspfcdkif(aZ,sausmfxif/ oD&dysHcsD pnfol)onf awmifom+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;

'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(30026)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²64)jzifh
a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1921 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? awmifom+rdK@e,f/ oyGwfpk
Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;a&$O.om;jzpfonf? OD;cspfckdifonf q,fwef;ausmif;om;b0wGif ausmif;om;or*~
acgif;aqmif/ 1940 jynfhESpfrS 1961 ckESpftxd ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bD/ tkdif/ at)/ ArmhumuG,fa&;
wyfrawmf(bD/ 'D/ at)/ rsdK;cspfArmhwyfrawmf(yD/ AD/ tufzf)wdk@wGifygcJh+yD; udk,fydkiftrSwf (=unf;)3694
'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;b0jzifh 1961 ckESpfwiG ft+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd !¸ef=um;a&;r–;
csKyf/ tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme(AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;.tdrfapmifhtpkdk;&)/ EdkifiHh*k%f&nf(yxrqifh)/ armfuGef;0if
(yxrqifh)&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktwGif;a&;r–;ESifh rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ A[dk
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–;tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (1)&ufae‹wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD
taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; a=unmcsuf
trSwf(963)jzifha=unmcJhonf? ,if;udpPESifhywfoufI taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf‚if;aqmif±Gufaeo!fh
rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ‹rS rdrdtzGJ‹tpnf;udktodray;bJ E_wfxGufo!fhtwGuf OD;cspfcdkifudk rlt&
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;tjzpfrSvnf;aumif;/ tzGJ‹0iftjzpfrSvnf;aumif;xkwfy,fcJhonf? tvm;wl trsdK;
om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrSvnf; xkwfy,fcJhonf? e0w. trdef@trSwf(1§90)zDqefr_jzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;
cHcJh&+yD;aemuf 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (26)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 1993 ckESpf/ Zlvdkif
v (18)&ufae@wGifuG,fvGefonf?
15? awmifom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;oef;xGef;onf awmifom+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (6)&ufae@wGif a}unmcsuftrSwf
(609)jzifh rEWav;wkdif;/ awmifom+rdK@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;
cH&aom jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fjzpfa}umif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr(41)/ yk'fr
cGJ(8)ESifhtnDa}unmtyfygonf[k azmfjya=unmcJhonf? 1922 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf?
OD;zdk;rif;.om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;xGef;onf 1937 ckESpfrS 1941 ckESpftxd (10)wef;ausmif;om;/ jrif;+cH
ausmif;om;or*~tr_aqmif/ 1942 ckESpfrS 1946 ckESpftxd ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bD/ tkdif/ at) tkyf
csKyfa&;0if zufqpfawmfvSefa&; jrif;+cHc±dkifwm0efcH/ 1946 ckESpfrS 1953 ckESpftxd jrif;+cHc±dkif z-q-y-v
twGif;a&;r–;/ 1947 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd wkdif;ðyjynfðyv$wfawmftrwf/ ygvDreftrwf/ ygvDrHtwGif;0ef/
- 176 -
1953 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd tvkyform; tpnf;t±Hk;rsm;tzJG@csKyf-ArmEdkifiH(wD-,l-pD-bD) twGif;a&;r–;/
1964 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD0if/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd ukefoG,fa&;(4)tzJG@0if/
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmif/ txufArmjynfpnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0efcH/ A[kdktvkyform;
tzJG@acgif;aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf?
16? EGm;xdk;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;yef;om/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;yef;omonf EGm;xkd;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? EGm;xkd;}uD;+rdK@e,f/ 0ufvl;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vS&if/ trd a':vS}uD;wkd@rS 1924 ckESpf/ Zefe0g
&Dv (31)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;yef;omonf rEWav;zm;om;vzke;f ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifcJh
onf? 1941 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd tm&Svli,f/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGif EGm;xdk;}uD;ajrmufbufjcrf;
wm0efcH/ 1946 ckESpfrS 1948 ckESpftxd ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD +rdK@e,fpnf;±Hk;a&;tzGJ@0if/ 1948 ckESpf/ rwfv
(28)&ufae@wGif rEWav;axmifY zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1949 ckESpfwGif rEWav;+rdK@tm; u&if
olykefodrf;onfhtcg axmifrSjyefvnfvGwfajrmufcJhonf? 1951 ckESpfrS 1953 ckESpftxd ArmjynfuGefjrLepf
ygwD +rdK@e,fOuUX/ 1953 ckESpfwGif tvif;0ifcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfwGif +rdK@e,f z-q-y-v tzGJG@0if/ 1957 ckESpf
rS 1963 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,f z-q-y-v OuUX/ tvif;a&muf&Jabmfrsm;jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;aumfrwD
vl}uD;/ 1963 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd EdkifiHa&;rStem;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD
ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf?
17? EGm;xdk;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;pdef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdfef;armifonf EGm;xkd;}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? EGm;xkd;}uD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;pdef/ trd a':vS&ifwdk@rS 1930 jynfhESpf/ rwfv (25)&ufae@
wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdef;armifonf jrif;+cH+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;txd ynm
oif=um;cJh+yD; 1950 jynfhESpfwGif wyfrawmfodk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1950 jynfhESpfwGif vu&(1)wGif
ausmif;qif;+yD; A[dkqufoG,fa&;/ ar+rdK@wm0ef/ 1965 ckESpfwGif Adkvfoifwef;trSwfpOf(34)qif; wAu(2)
yky`g;/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd xy&(222) a&$anmif/ 1980 jynfhESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd xy&(525)
armfvòrdif/ 1987 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbmvwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD
ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? EGm;xdk;}uD;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;
tzJG@wdk@wGif wm0ef,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv
(11)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1266)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=u
nmcJhonf?
18? ykodrf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
- 177 -
OD;qef;!Gef@a0/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;qef;!Gef@a0onf ykodrf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;apm/ trd a':apma&$wkd@rS 1952 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (5)
&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;qef;!Gef@a0onf rauG;aumvdyfwGif ±lyaA'yxrESpftxd oif=um;cJhonf//
1971 ckESpfwGif tvkyfoifAdkvfavmif; trSwfpOf(1)odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd
tvkyfoifAdkvf cv&(1)/ 'kAdkvf cv&(6)/ Adkvf cv&(59)/ Adkvf}uD; cv&(74)/ cv&(4)/ 1984 ckESpfwGif
t&yfbufjypfr_ (307)(c)t& wyfrawmfrSt+rJwrf;xkwfjypf'%fESifh tvkyf=urf;jzifhaxmif'%f(1)ESpfuscHcJh&
onf? 1984 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd ykodrf}uD;+rdK@e,f/ a&xGufaus;&GmwGif opfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? rsKd;cspf
&Jabmfa[mif;rsmtzJG@ OuUX/ wkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0if/ ykodrf}uD;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,f
pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
19? ykodrf=uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;pHvSabmf(t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;pHvSabmf(t+idfrf;pm;)onf ykodrf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdk

ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(13870)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(57²76)jzifh
a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1928 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (20)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? armfv+rdKif+rdK@
Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;ausmf&Sdef.om;jzpfonf? 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;pHvSabmf(t+idrf;pm;)onf 1300 jynfh ta&;
awmfyHk/ ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)/ tm&Svli,f/ rsdK;cspfArmhwyfrawmf(yDADtufzf)wkd@wGifygcJh
onf? t*Fvdyf-jrefrm q,fwef;ta&muf 1947 ckESpf wGifwyfrawmfokd@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfwGif
Adkvfavmif;oifwef;trSwfpOf(7)odk@wufcJhonf? xkdrS 'kwd,Adkvf/ Adkvf/ Adkvf}uD;/ Adkvfr–;/ 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;
txd wyfrawmfwGiftr_xrf;cJhI 1985 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@
'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ rEWav;wkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD
OuUX/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf rEWav;wkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/
rEWav;wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@wm0efcH OD;pHvSabmftm; 22/ 11/ 96 &ufae@nwGif/ rEWav;-&efukef tjref
&xm;ay:wGif t}urf;zuform;vl&rf;um;wdk@u ypPnf;rsm;vk,ufjyD;/ OD;acgif;udk&dkufESufcJh}uonf// ,if;
tr_tm; oufqdkif&mtm%mydkifrsm;xH tr_zGifhwdkif}um;cJhaomfvnf;/ wpHkw&mta&;,lr_r&dScJhyg//
20? ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;wifhvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifhvGifonf ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(31681)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²5)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? ysOf;rem;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bkd}uD;/ trd a':cifjrwdk@rS 1945 ckESpfwGiaf rG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifhvGif
onf tajccHynmtxufwef;ukd (c)tqifhjzifhoHk;}udrfatmifjrif+yD;aemuf ausmif;qufrwufyJ }uHoum
yGJ±Hkvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? tm;upm;Esifhum,ynm enf;jy/ +rdK@e,for0g,rvkyfief;}uD;=uyfr_ESifh aps;E_ef;
!‡dE_dif;a&;aumfrwD0if/ 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? ysOf;rem;
- 178 -
+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 12-6-1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (12)&ufae@
wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGuf
a=umif; a=unmcsuftrSwf(1268)jzifh a=unmcJhonf?
21? ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;ausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ausmfonf ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

I 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(29995)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(61²38)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? ysOf;rem;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jzL trd apm&ifwdk@rS 1937 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (9)&ufae@wGifarG;
zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmfonf 1962 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,f
vpfvrf;pOfygwDodk@0ifonf? 1965 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd t&ef,lepfaumfrwD0if vtu OuUX/ v,f
orm;aumifpDESifh +rdK@e,for0g,r OuUX/ xdk@aemuf pdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;udk,fydkifvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf?
ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
22? aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;cifarmifndK/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cifarmifndKonf aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(25272)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(56²07)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,f/ av#mfjzLukef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1941 zGm;/ tz OD;aomif;az/ trd a':aomif;
wifwkd@rS 1941 ckESpf/ arv (2)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;cifarmifndKonf aysmfbG,f+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpfwGifa':oef;jrifhESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1960
jynfhESpfwGif pma&;/ +rdK@e,f&ufuef;or/ 1961 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd twGif;a&;r–; &ufuef;or/ +rdK@e,f
or0g,rESifh +rdK@e,fvufum;or/ ,ifaemufukd,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkicf Jhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/
jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf+rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;
a&;r–;ESifh b¾ma&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 2000
jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv (1)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1513)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS
EkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
23? aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;vSazonf aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,f/ ZD;jzLukef;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bdk;cif/ trd a':apmjrwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ ZGefv (6)&uf
ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSazonf 1969 ckESpfwGif aysmfbG,f+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;
atmifjrifcJhI 1972 ckESpfwGif rEWav;wuUodkvfrS ody`H(±lyaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0wGif
- 179 -
+rdK@e,ftoif;ESifh taqmifom,ma&;aumfrwDwkd@wGif OD;aqmifcJhonf? +rdK@e,ftwGif; ausmif;q&mtjzpf
(2)ESpf/ or0efxrf;,m,Dvkyfukdif+yD;aemuf a':cif0if;=unfESihfvufxyfcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfrSpI udk,fydkif
enf;jyoifwef;zGifhonf? 1982 ckESpfrS 1988 ckEpS ftxd a&$jynf&efatmifor0g,rtoif; OuUX/ 1350 jynfh
(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? aysmfbG,f+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
+rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD wGJbuftwGif;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? pifòydiftpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;/ awmwGif;,m,D
tpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;wkd@ESifhygwfoufI 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmvESifhatmufwkdbmvwGif rEWav;+rdK@wGif
v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;rsm;ðyvkyf&mwGiyf g0ifcJhonf? oufqdkif&mrSta&;,l&efpDpOfaepOf a&Smifwdrf;oGm;ojzifh
w&m;cHajy;tjzpf A[ef;+rdK‹e,fw&m;±Hk;rS 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? 1990
jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygi;f tpdk;&pwifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg/
ynma&;/ usef;rma&;ESifh jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? xdk@twGuf aomif;usef;ol
ESifhqufoG,fjcif;/ aomif;usef;e,fajrrme,fyavmokd@oGm;a&muf+yD;pifðydiftpdk;&zGJ@vsuf EkdifiHawmfudkaxmif
xm;jcm;em;jcif;wkd@a=umifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oltjzpfrSysufjy,fojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;
vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1990 jynfhESpf/
'DZifbmv (26)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? 1991 ckESp/f {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH
trsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&jyifqifwdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg jyef=um;a&;ESifh,Ofaus;r_0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpf
wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@wGifwm0efxrf;aqmif
aepOf xdkif;EdkifiH/ befaumuf+rdK@Y vkyf}uHcHcJh&+yD; uG,fvGefcJhonf?
24? rvd_if+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;apma&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;apma&$onf rv_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

OD;0dkifvifcsKd.om;jzpfonf? 1936 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;apma&$onf wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yJGatmifjrifcJh
onf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD0if/ pnfyif§tm;um/ vlr_a&;ESifhbmoma&;
tzJG@tpnf;rsm;wGif OD;pD;aqmif&GufcJhonf? rvd_if+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;
aumfrwD0ifwm0ef,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZif
bmv (3)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1416)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGuf
a=umif;a=unmcJhonf?
25? rv_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;armifarmifjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armifarmifjrifhonf rv_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? ar+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;boef;/ trd a':EGJ@wkd@rS 1941 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;
cJhonf? OD;armifarmifjrifhonf 1947 ckESpfrS 1949 ckESpftxd ar+rdK@rpPatmhudzfrlvwef;}udKausmif;/ 1949
ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd pdeftJvAwft*Fvdyftxufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD; wuUodkvf
0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1961 ckEpS ftxd rEWav;wuUodkvfwGifwufa&mufI odyH̀bGJ@&¶SdcJh
- 180 -
onf? ,if;aemuf cr&(109)wGif wyf=uyf}uD;pma&;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf aoewfusnfqefxGufI
vlaor_jzifhjypf'%fuscHcJh&onf? 1977 ckESpfwGif &rnf;oif;axmifrSvGwfonf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpf
txd jynfol@aumifpD'kwd,oufwef;wGif rEWav;ta&S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD0iftjzpf wm0efay;
tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1982 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd rEWav;ta&S@ajrmuf (31)vrf;wGif yÌrwef;rSwuUodkvf
0ifwef;txd t*FvdyfpmusL&SifjycJhonf? tdrfwGif;pufr_vufr_vkyfiefvnf;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf
(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif ppfr_xrf;a[mif;rsm;or*~udkzJG@pnf;OD;aqmifcJhonf? ygwD
pHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶Sirf S 1999 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (22)&ufae@wGif a=unm
26? jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;vSapmOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vSapmOD;onf jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? tz OD;ausmfvSatmif/ trd a':pHjrckdifwdk@rS 1933 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSapmOD;onf &efukef
wuUodkvfrS ody`HbJG@ESifhOya'0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;tkyf}uD;(+rdK@a[mif;/ [oFmw/
tif;pdef)/ wGHaw;+rdK@e,fw&m;ol}uD;/ ppfawG/ ar+rdK@/ armif;awme,fydkifw&m;ol}uD;/ &efukefA[dkw&m;±Hk;
'kwd,vufaxmuf!$ef=um;a&;r–;/ ar+rdK@ +rdK@e,fw&m;ol}uD;tzJG@ OuUX/ xdk@aemuf w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpf
vkdufygcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (7)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶Sif
rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcsuftrSwf(1262)jzifh a=unmcJhonf?
27? jyifOD;vGifjrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)?
OD;yDwmvif;yif/ woD;yk*~v?
OD;yDwmvif;yifonf jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif woD;yk*~vtjzpf ta¶G;cs,fcHcJh&m

cdkifvHkrJ(6943)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(38²44)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;vif;yifxdyfwif
vwf/ trd a':cifcifodef;wdk@.om;jzpfonf? 1941 ckEpS f/ atmufwdkbmv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf?
1947-1962 ckESpfrsm;wGif pdef@z&efppf/ t*Fvdyfrufo'pfESifh+rdK@rtrsdK;om;ausmif;wdk@wGif 'orwef;
atmifonftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? +rdK@rtxufwef;ausmif;/ &efukef+rdK@wGif ynmoif;=um;aepOfu
ausmif;om;or*~twGif;a&;rª;ESifh &efukefc¶dkifausmif;om;or*~/ vrf;rawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf aqmif¶Guf
cJhonf? 1964 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (1)&ufae@rS 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv (25)&ufae@ txd umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/
aiGpm&if;0ef¶Hk;wGif pma&;0efxrf;/ e,fvSnfhpm&if;ppf/ wyfpm&if;udkif(rEWav;/ jyifOD;vGif/ tr&yl&/ jrpfi,f/
ausmufqnf/ ¶Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;/ &efukef/ wef@,ef;/ ausmufjzL/ vdGKifvif/ aumhu&dwfESifh+rdwfwdk@¶Sd
wyf&if;/ wyfzGJ@rsm;wm0ef)/ 1988 ckESpf/ 'Drdkua&pDvlxkawmfvSefa&;ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif jyifOD;vGif +rdK@rd+rdK@z
tzGJ@ twGif;a&;rª;/ =um;jzwftpdk;&zGJ@pnf;ay;&efawmif;qdkcJhonf? OD;Ek/ OD;atmif}uD;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf/
ol&OD;wifOD;/ Adkvf&efEdkif/ Adkvfrª;atmifwdk@ESifhawG@qHkI AGD'D,dkwdwfacGrsm;/ vufurf;pmapmifrsm;udk rEWav;
ausmif;om;rsm;xHodk@vnf;aumif;/ q&m0eftoif;ESit fh jcm;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u vuf qifhurf;ay;vdkufonfh
pm¶Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk/ +rdK@e,ftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;odk@vnf;aumif; jzef@a0cJhonf? ,if;udpP ESifhywfoufI 1988
- 181 -
ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (23)&ufae@rS 1988 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (17)&ufae@txd/ xdef;odrf; cHcJh&onf? 1989
ckESpf/ rwfv (25)&ufae@wGif wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cH&onf?
1989 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (17)&ufae@txd trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ ar+rdK@wGif (21)OD; OD;aqmif
aumfrwD/ (b¾ma&;) vli,fwm0efcHtjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhI/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfudk,fpm;jyK v$wf
awmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf,SOf+ydKifta¶G;cH&eftwGuf a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶Sifodk@ av#mufxm;
cJhonf? odk@aomf 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@rS trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@ul;ajymif;vmonfh
OD;cifarmifjrifhtm;/ jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)twGuf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf/ tzGJ@
csKyfA[dkrS a¶G;cs,ftodtrSwfjyKvdkufojzifh tzGJ@csKyfA[dkrSwm0efcHOD;=unfarmifxHodk@ jyif;jyif;xefxef pma&;
uef@uGufcJh+yD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrSEkwx
f GufI woD;yk*~vudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf a¶G;aumufyGJ
0ifcJhonf? a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&+yD;aemufwGif tjcm;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onfh +rdK@e,ftoD;oD;rS
tzGJ@csKyf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESihf qufoG,fyl;aygif;aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
a¶G;aumufyGJwGif,SOf+ydKifzufjzpfonfh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDrS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;
vS,favmif; Adkvfrª;}uD;armifarmif(t+idrf;pm;)rS a¶G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGi;f cJhojzifh/ a¶G;aumufyGJcHk
trSwf(3)wGif =um;emppfaq;jcif;cHcJh&onf? xdktawmtwGif; OD;yDwmvif;yifonf pif+ydKiftpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;
wdk@ESifhywfoufI 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmvESifhatmufwdkbmvtwGif; rEWav;+rdK@Y v#dK@0Suftpnf;
ta0;rsm;jyKvkyf&mwGif yg0ifcJhonf? ,if;twGufoufqdkif&muta&;,l&efpDpOfaepOf a¶Smifwdrf;oGm;ojzifh
oufqdkif&mrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae@wGif w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmcJhonf?
1990 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (18)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&
pwifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? odk@twGuf aomif;usef;
olwdk@ESifhqufoG,fjcif;/ aomif;usef;ole,fajrrme,fyavmodk@oGm;a&muf+yD;/ EdkifiHawmfudkaxmifxm;
jcm;em;jcif;wdk@a=umifh a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&oltjzpfrSysufjy,fojzifh/ v$waf wmfudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpf
rSy,fzsufa=umif; a¶G;aumufyGJaumfr¶SifrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26)&ufae@pGJjzifha=unmcJhonf?
1990 a¶G;aumufyGJumvu OD;yDwmvif;yif. 0efcHcsuf?

jynfol@0efcHcsuf?
u|efawmfonf pmtkyfoauFwjzifh jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfudk,fpm;jyK
Ia¶G;cs,fcH&aom udk,fpm;vS,w f pfOD;jzpfonfhtav#muf u|efawmf.atmifEdkifa&;onftrsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. atmifEdkifa&;jzpfa=umif; 0efcH*wdjyKygonf?
OD;yDwmvif;yif
28? rdk;ukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a':arESif;=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a':arESif;=unfonf rdk;ukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? 14-2-1948 ckESpfzGm;/ tz OD;atmif!Gef@/ trd a':aX;wkd@rS 1948 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (14)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? a':arESif;=unfonf rdk;ukwf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1968
ckESpfwGif rEWav;wuUodkvfrS ody`H(±lyaA')bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif OD;rdk;[def;ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 2003
ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (10)&ufae@wGif 'DyJ,if;tjzpftysuftm; pHkprf;ppfaq;ay;&ef etz OuUX xHpma&;awmif;qdk
cJhonfhudpPtwGuf ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS ac:,lppfaq;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (17)&ufae@wGif
- 182 -
tif;pdefr_cif;wyfzGJ@rS aetdrfodk@vma&mufac:aqmif+yD; tif;pdeftusOf;axmifwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJh
onf?
29? rdk;ukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;bdkvSwifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;bkdvSwifhonf rkd;ukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? rkd;ukwf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pH&Sdef/ trd a':tkef;wkd@rS 1957 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;bkdvSwifhonf rdk;ukwf+rdK@/ usyfjyiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1981 ckESpfwGif &efukefpufr_wuU
odkvfrS +rdK@jytif*sDeD,mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1984 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&DvrS 1985 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifvtxd ivkdufacsmif;
qnfwnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;wGif vkyfief;jy vufaxmuftif*sDeD,m/ yHkaovpm,m,D0efxrf;/ 1350 jynfh
ESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhojzifh 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (19)
&ufae@rS 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (24)&ufae@txd xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@0ifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ Zlvdkifv (4)&ufae@wGif rESif;ESif;a0ESifhvufxyfcJhonf?
rdk;ukwf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0if/ 0yfa&Smhvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? pif+ydKif
tpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;/ awmwGif;,m,Dtpkd;&zJG@pnf;a&;wfdk@ESifhywfoufI 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmvESifh
atmufwdkbmvtwGif; rEWav;+rdK@Yv#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;rsm;ðyvkyf&mwGifyg0ifcJhonf? oufqdkif&mu ta&;
,l&efpDpOfaepOf a&Smifwdrf;oGm;ojzifh A[ef;+rdK@e,fw&m;¶Hk;Y w&m;pGJqdk+yD; w&m;cHajy;tjzpf 1990 jynfhESpf/
'DZifbmv (3)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrm
EdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpkd;&zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg aqmufvkyfa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ owˆKwGif;ESifhpGrf;tif0ef}uD;Xme
0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? ,if;a=umifh aomif;usef;olESifhqufoG,fjcif;/ aomif;usef;e,fajroddk@oGm;
a&muf+yD; EdkifiHawmfukdaxmifxm;jcm;em;jcif;wdk@a=umifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHxm;oltjzpfrSysufjy,f
ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;
aumfr&SifrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyifqifwdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg rlvwm0efudkyif quf
vufwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (21)&ufae@wGif qGD'ifEdkifiH/ AGefrm;pApfY trsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;
tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg b¾ma&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;jzpfvmcJhonf?
30? rwW&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmatmifa0/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmatmifa0onf rwW&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? jrif;+cH+rdK@/ qDrDcHkZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;odkuf/ trd a':zGm;csDwdk@rS 1943 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (14)
&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmatmifa0onf 1968 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJh
onf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fusef;rma&;t&m&Sd({&m0wDwdkif;/ vyGwWm+rdK@)/ 1972 ckESpfrS 1974
ckESpftxd wm0efcHq&m0ef(azmif}uD;0efxrf;ausmif;)/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fq&m0ef
- 183 -
(rif;jym;/ ykÀm;u|ef;/ rwW&m)/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,faumifpD0ifESifh tvkyform;tpnf;
t±Hk;0if/ +rdK@e,f tm;§um wnfaqmufa&; OuUX/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD
ta&;awmf yHk}uD;wGif +rdK@e,fusef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;. oydwfacgif;aqmif/ rwW&m+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ rwfv (7)&ufae@wGif pifumylEdkifiHY
uG,fvGefonf?
a'gufwmOD;atmifa0
touf(60)
(rwW&m)
jrif;+cH+rdK@e,f/ qDrD;cHkae OD;odkuf-a':zGm;csDwdk@.om;/ rEWav;+rdK@/ r[m+rdKif&yfae OD;uH!Gef@-a':=unf
cifwdk@. om;oruf/ rwW&m+rdK@ae udkrif;rif;OD;-rcdkifEG,fa0/ udkxG%f;aeatmif-rcsdKcsdKvS/ pdrf;EG,fa0/ jrwfrsdK;
EG,fa0wdk@. arG;ozcif/ a':cifndK.cspfvSpGmaomcifyGef;/ a'gufwmOD;atmifa0onf 7-3-2002 &uf jrefrm
pHawmfcsdef rGef;vGJ 1;28 em&DwGif pifumylEdkifiHY uG,fvGefygI 9-3-2002 &uf eHeuf 7;30 em&DwGif pifumyl
EdkifiHY o+*õK[f+yD;pD;yga=umif; aqGrsdK;rdwfo*F[rsm;tm; ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf?
usef&pfolrdom;pk
31? rwW&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;oef;vGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;oef;vGifonf rwW&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

1938 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;pHaxG;.om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;vGifonf pkdufysKd;a&;'Dyvdkrm&¶SdcJhonf? trjy (10)
ESpf/ tvjy (6)v/ pdkufysKd;a&;t&m&Sdtjzpf (6)ESpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf
rD;avmif&mwGifXmeydkifaiGyg0ifqHk;±H_oGm;ojzifh axmif'%fuscHcJh&onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@
'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? rwW&m+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUXjzpfol OD;oef;vGif
tm; jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;a&;udkta=umif;jyKI 1998 ckESpf/ ZGefv (26)&ufae@rS 2000 jynfhESpf/ Zef
e0g&Dv (30)&ufae@txd ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS rw&m;zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJh+yD; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
tjzpfESifh tzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0iftjzpfrS E_wfxGuf&ef t}udrf}udrfzdtm;ay;t=uyfudkifcJhonf?
32? rdxWDvm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
Adkvfrª;armifarmifjrifh(t+idrf;pm;)/ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
Adkvfr–;armifarmifjrifh(t+idrf;pm;)onf rdwˆDvm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD

tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(33664)rJ/ pkpkaygifrJ&mE_ef;(59²11)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;bwif/ trd a':wifwkd@rS 1929 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (22)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;
onf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? Adkvfr–;armifarmifjrifh(t+idrf;pm;)onf +rdK@rtrdsK;om;ausmif;rSq,fwef;
atmifjrifcJh+yD; 1958 ckESpfwGif &efukefaq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1959 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd
- 184 -
aq;r–;/ c&pf,mefaq;±Hk/ =unfhjrifwkdif/ 1963 ckESpfwGif jynfol@ppfr_xrf;aq;r–;/ 1964 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf
aq;wyf jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd(=unf;-3344)/ 1969 ckESpfwGif Adkvfr–;/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGif wyfrawmfrSt+idrf;pm;
,lcJhonf? xdk@aemuf ukd,fydkifaq;cef;zGifhI rdwˆDvm+rdK@wGifaexdkifonf? 2003 ckESpf/ rwfv (22)&ufae@wGif
c&pfawmfYtdyfaysmfonf?
c&pfawmfYtdyfaysmfjcif;
a'gufwmarmifarmifjrifh
touf(74)ESpf
(Adkvfrª;/ t+idrf;pm;)
(rdwˆDvm)
rdwˆDvm+rdK@/ 0efZif;(1)/ OwW&vrf;ae a':ararat;. cifyGef;/ OD;armfxifjrifh-a':pdk;pdk;atmif/ OD;ausmf
vif;r*|dKif;at;rmjrifh/ OD;rsdK;xifjrifh-a':py,fOD;wdk@. arG;ozcif/ at;csrf;jrifh/ okudkvif;/ ZifZifrsdK;OD;/ Zifudk
vif;/ a';Apfa,moyf/ &JxufOD;/ tufpfwmwdk@. tbdk;onf txufygaetdrfY 22-3-2003 &uf rGef;vGJ 2
em&DwGif c&pfawmfYtdyfaysmfoGm;ygI 23-3-2003 &uf nae 4 em&DwGif jrifawmfuefc&pf,mefocsõKif;Y
o+*õK[frnfjzpfyga=umif;?
usef&pfolrdom;pk
33? rdxWDvm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmodef;vGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmodef;vGifonf rdwˆDvm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

jcif;cHcJh&onf? rdwˆDvm+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;uH&if/ trd a':trmwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ arv (12)&ufae@
wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmodef;vGifonf 1979 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(1)&efukefrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf?
rdwˆDvm+rdK@wGifudk,fydkifaq;ukcef;zGifhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif a':cs,f&DESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988
ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf?
34? rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmpdk;vif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmpdk;vif;onf rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD

tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SO+f ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(26467)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(81²91)jzifh a&G;cs,f
wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rEWav;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oef;az/ trd a':tkef;pdefwkd@rS 1953 ckESpf/ arv
(1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmpdk;vif;onf 1960 ckESpfrS 1964 ckESpftxd ar+rdK@pdef@ar&Dausmif;/
1965 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd rEWav;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh
onf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif rEWav;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(24)rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf?
1971 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfodk@wufa&mufI 1979 ckESpfwGifq&m0ef(trfbDbD
- 185 -
tufpf)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? udk,fydkifaq;ukocef;zGifhvSpfxm;onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD
ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif q&m0eftoif;(rEWav;)wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv
(29)&ufae@wGif tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;. av;pk&yf
uGuf/ &Srf;a*gif;&yf/ tr&yl&aetdrfwGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpkd;&zJG@pnf;a&; v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;okd@wuf
a&mufcJhI wufºuGpGmOD;aqmifaqG;aEG;cJhonf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufvmonfh wdkif;ESifhjynfe,f
toD;oD;rS jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;aexdkifpm;aomufoGm;vma&;ESifh ,if;tpnf;ta0;
xajrmufatmifjrifa&;wkd@udkOD;aqmifpDpOfcJhojzifh oufqkdif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;twGuf
a'gufwmpdk;vif;onf jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya'
(11)(n)ESifh +idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufvkdufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG
a¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(988)jzifh
a=unmcJhonf? aemifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/
rwfv (9)&ufae@wGif a'gufwmpdk;vif;rSOD;aqmifI }uHhzGH@rsm;/ tm%mydkifrsm;ESifhppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS
+cdrf;ajcmuft=uyfudkifjcif;/ tcGifhta&;ay;jcif;ponfh enf;vrf;rsdK;pHkjzifhac:,lxm;ol(400)cef@jzifh rEWav;+rdK@/
qifjzLuef¶Sd uaemifcef;rwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0ifrsm; tzGJ@csKyfrSEkwfxGufyGJvkyfaqmifcJh
onf?
35? rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;odef;OD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;odef;OD;onf rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(29741)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(80²36)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rEWav;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wifarmif/ trd a':vS+rdKifwkd@rS 1955 ckESpf/ arv (24)
&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;odef;OD;onf &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(Oya')bGJ@ESifh Oya'0dZ…mbJG@wkd@
udk 1977-78 ckESpfwGif&¶SdcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@ae/ 1981 ckESpfwGif A[dkw&m;±Hk;a&S@ae/
wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0wGif 1974 ckESpf/ OD;oef@ta&;tcif;/ 1975 ckESpf/ ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;ESifh
1976 ckESpf/ r_dif;&mjy!fhta&;tcif;wkd@wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;
awmfyHk}uD;wGif a&S@aersm;toif;wGifwufwufºuGºuGyg0ifcJhonf? rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;odfef;OD;onf pif+ydKiftpkd;&zG@Jpnf;a&;/
awmwGif;,m,Dtpkd;&zJG@pnf;a&;wkd@ESifhygwfoufI 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmvESifhatmufwkdbmvtwGif;
rEWav;+rdK@Y v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;ðyvkyf&mwGifyg0ifcJhonf? oufqdkif&muta&;,lI&efpDpOfaepOf a&Smifwdrf;
oGm;I w&m;cHajy;tjzpf 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbm
v (18)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&pwifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg/ w&m;a&;0ef}uD;
Xme0ef}uD;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? aomif;usef;olESifhqufoG,fjcif;/ aomif;usef;ole,fajrrme,fyavmokd@
oGm;a&muf+yD; pif+ydKiftpkd;&zGJ@pnf;vsuf EkdifiHawmfukdaxmifxm;jcm;em;jcif;wdk@a=umifh OD;odef;OD;tm;
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oltjzpfrSysufjy,fojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdk
ua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJh
onf? jrefrmEdkifiHa&S›aersm;aumifpD. OuUXtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ rwfv (23)&ufae@ tar&d
uefEdkifiH/ 0g¶Sifwef+rdK@awmfwGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfh
tcsdeftxd 0ef}uD;wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf?
- 186 -
36? rEWav;taemufajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;wifatmifatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifatmifatmifonf rEWav;taemufajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&

pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(29443)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(80²38)jzifh a&G;cs,f
wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1943 ckESpf/ ZGefv (23)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? OD;vS&if.om;jzpfonf? OD;wif
atmifatmifonf &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfrS B.E(Automobile) bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpf
txd ukef;vrf;ydk@aqmifa&;aumfydka&;&Sif;/ vufaxmuftif*sifeD,m/ tr_aqmiftif*sifeD,m/ 1988 ckESpf/
Edk0ifbmv (7)&ufae@wGift+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;
wGifyg0ifcJhonf? OD;wifatmifatmifonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,f
rJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGifusif;yðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ@
pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufyg0ifaqG;aEG;cJhojzifh oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
,if;aemuf OD;wifatmifatmiftm; jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJ
Oya'yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxG
axGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(991)jzifh
xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmvwGif axmif'%f(25)ESpftjypfay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 2003
ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@nwGif jzpfysufcJhonfh tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkif yg0ifywfouf pDpOfusL;vGefcJhonfh
'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;twGif; zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cHcJh&+yD; 2004 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv
(16)&ufae@wGif uav;tusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
37? rEWav;taemufajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;atmifpdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmifpdk;onf rEWav;taemufajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(23576)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²91)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rEWav;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bausmh/ trd a':apma&$wkd@rS 29-5-1949 ckESpf/
arv (29)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifpkd;onf 1975 ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H
(±lyaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? OD;atmifpdk;onf 1976 ckESpfwGif a':0if;ESifhvufxyfIorD;oHk;a,mufxGef;um;onf?
1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? udkf,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkif
onf?
38? rEWav;ta&S@awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;wif!Gef@(c)OD;xifausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
trnf OD;xifausmf
tjcm;trnf OD;wif!Gef@(i,femrnf)
trsdK;om;rSwfyHkwiftrSwf MTLA 000851
- 187 -
ynmt&nftcsif; B.A. (Hons.) 0dZ…m*k%fxl;/ EdkifiHa&;ody`H
a'vDwuUodkvf/ e,l;a'vD+rdK@/ tdENd,EdkifiH?
M.A. (Political Science) r[m0dZ…m (EdkifiHa&;ody`H)
a'vDwuUodkvf/ e,l;a'vD+rdK@/ tdENd,EdkifiH?
tzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0iftrSwf (2440256)
arG;ouU&mZf 1937 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (5)&uf
OD;wif!Gef@(c)OD;xifausmfonf rEWav;ta&S@awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdku

a&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(29642)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(80²30)jzifh
a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;vSarmif/ trd a':at;ºuG,fwdk@rS 1937 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (5)&uf
ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? 1956 ckESpfwiG f rdwˆDvm+rdK@rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? xdkpOfu tdENd,EdkifiH/
e,l;a'vD+rdK@¶Sd jrefrmoH¶Hk;wGif ¶Hk;tkyf}uD;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaeonfh a,mufz OD;0if;armif/ tr a':cif
oef;wdk@xHa&muf¶SdcJh+yD; a'vDwuUodkvfwGifqufvufynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1959 ckESpfwGif OD;0if;armif/
a':cifoef;wdk@rdom;pk jrefrmEdkifiHodk@jyefoGm;onfhtcg tdENd,toHv$ifhXme/ jrefrmydkif;tpDtpOfwGif bmom
jyefol/ toHv$ifhowif;zwfoltjzpf tr_xrf;&if; ynmqufvufoif=um;cJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…m*k%f
xl;bGJ@udk EdkifiHa&;ody`Hynm/ pD;yGm;a&;ynm/ jynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&;ynmwdk@jzifh atmifjrifcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfwGif
r[m0dZ…mbGJ@udk EdkifiHwumzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'rsm;ESifh trsm;jynfolqdkif&m EdkifiHwumw&m;Oya'
bmom&yfrsm;tjyif EdkifiHwumEdkifiHa&;ynm/ EdkifiHwumqufqHa&;ynm/ EdkifiHwumtpnf;t¶Hk;rsm;ynm
&yfwdk@jzifh atmifjrifcJhonf? 1977-78 ckESpfrsm;wGif e,l;a'vD+rdK@/ *s0g[mae¶l;wuUodkvf/ EdkifiHwuma&;&m
ody`H(ta¶S@awmif/ awmifydkif;ESifh tv,fydkif; tm¶SXme)wGif Ph. D. (yg&*l)bGJ@twGuf okawoejyK&if;
jrefrmEdkifiH. EdkifiHa&;/ vlr_a&;/ pD;yGm;a&;udpPrsm;udk tjcm;ta¶S@awmiftm¶SEdkifiHrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJavhvmcJh
onf? 1981 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrStem;,lI jrefrmEdkifiHokd@t+yD;jyefvmcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/
jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif rdom;pkvdkufyg0ifv_yf¶Sm;cJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfpwifzGJ@
pnf;pOfuyif tzGJ@0ifwOD;tjzpfyg0ifcJhonf? EdkifiHwumzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'rsm;avhvma&;tzGJ@i,f
wGif yg0ifcJh+yD;/ *syefEdkifiHzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jrefrmbmomodk@jyefqdka&;om;cJhonf? ZeD;jzpfol
a':wifhwifhOD;pD;vkyfudkifonfh jrefrmzdeyfvkyfief;wGifyg0ifulnDvkyfudkifcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;
aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (4)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1418)jzifh jynfol@
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
39? rEWav;ta&S@awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;tkef;}udKif(atmif0ifh)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;tkef;}udKif(atmif0ifh)onf rEWav;ta&S@awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD

wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;b&Sif/ trd a':pdfefwkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ Zlvdkif
v (2)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;tkef;}udKif(atmif0ifh)onf 1967 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbJG@/ 1972 ckESpfwGif
owif;pmynm'Dyvkdrm/ 1978-79 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpkokd@ ynmoifqkjzifhoGm;a&mufI
owif;pmynm'Dyvkdrm&¶SdcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd a=u;rHkowif;pm/ [Hom0wDowif;pm
(rEWav;)/ Adkvfwaxmifowif;pmwkd@wGif vufaxmuft,f'DwmESifht,f'Dwm/ 1962-63 ckESpf/ ausmif;
om;ta&;tcif;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif vrfpOfowif;/ Adkvfwaxmifowif;pmESifh ±kyf&SifatmifvH
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wdk@wGif armifcspfzG,f/ atmif0ifh/ atmifwifhuavmiftrnfwdk@jzifh EdkifiHwuma&;&maqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;
cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? owif;pmt,f'Dwm
tjzpfvkyfudkifae&if; 1350 jynfhESpf/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhr_a=umifh Adkvfwaxmif
owif;pmt,f'DwmtjzpfrS 1988 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif t+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyf A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@0ifESifh rEWav;wkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwDtzGJ@0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? e0w. trdef@
trSwf(1§90)qef@usifr_jzifh oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xddef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;tkef;}udKifonf 1950 jy!hfESpf/
ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5)(u)(c)(n) t& jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)
ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;
ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@wGifa=unmonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfha±G;aumufyGJ
rsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (7)&ufae‹wGif axmif'%f(7)ESpf
csrSwfcHcJh&+yD;/ aemufydkif;wGif jypf'%f(10)ESpfxyfwdk;IcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf?
40? rEWav;ta&S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;armifarmifat;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armifarmifat;onf rEWav;ta&S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD

wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rEWav;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSaiG/ trd a':trmwdk@rS 1956 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
(27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;armifarmifat;onf 1979 ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H
(ocsFm)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1983 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yJGatmifjrifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/
jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? rEWav;ta¶S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,f/ uOPer[D&yfuGuf tzGJ@csKyf
OuUX/ rEWav;ta¶S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,f tzGJ@csKyfpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwDtzGJ@0if/ rEWav;wdkif;tzGJ@csKyf ukefoG,fpD;yGm;
tzGJ@0if/ OD;armifarmifat;onf 1990 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv (8)&ufae@wGif rEWav;+rdK@YjzpfyGm;cJhonfhudpPtay:
tzGJ@csKyfrEWav;wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0if rHk¶GmOD;wifa¶$ESifhtzGJ@u rEWav;wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD¶Hk;wGif
tpnf;ta0;jyKvkyf+yD;/ rEWav;wdkif;+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuUXxH uef@uGufpma&;om;ay;ydk@
cJh&m/ tqdkygpmudk OD;armifarmifat;ESifhtzGJ@u trsm;jynfolzwf¶_&efa=umfjimoifykef;wGifuyfcJhojzifh/ ouf
qkdif&muta&;,l&efpDpOfaepOf wdrf;a&SmifoGm;I w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmcHxm;&onf? OD;armifarmifat;
onf pifòydiftpkdkf;&zJG@+yD; EkdifiHawmfudkykefuef&ef EdkifiHawmftm;vufeufudkif awmfvSefykefuefaeaom
aomif;usef;oltzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh qufoG,fyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufonf@twGuf v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
rSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyJu G sif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (21)
&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;
tpdk;&tzGJ@jyifqifwdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg ukefoG,fa&;ESifhor0g,fr0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;jzpfvmcJhonf? 1995
ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (21)&ufae@wGif qGD'ifEdkifiH/ AGefrm;pApfY jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;Xme
0ef}uD;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 2004 ckESp/f rwfv (23)&ufae@ tar&duefEdkifi/H 0g¶Sifwef+rdK@awmfwGif jynf
axmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfhtcsdeftxd 0ef}uD;wm0efxrf;aqmif
cJhonf?
41? rEWav;ta&S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;wifat;(t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 189 -
(1) trnf OD;wifat;
(2) arG;ouU&mZf 1925 ck/ {+yDv 11 &uf
(3) trsdK;om;rSwfyHkwiftrSwf ISN - 448361
EdkifiHom;vufrSwf 12§ur&/ Edkif - 011598
(4) vlrsdK;§bmom jrefrm - Ak'<bmom
(5) ynmt&nftcsif; Oypmwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf?
wyfrawmfjyef=um;a&; 'Dyvdkrm/ pdwf"mwf
ppfqifa&; 'Dyvdkrm (tar&duef)
(6) rdbtrnf OD;+idrf; - a':ndKr,f
(7) rJpm&if;0if &yf§aus; trnfESifh rEWav;ta¶S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,f/ &efrsdK;vHk&yfuGuf
trSwf rJpm&if;trSwfpOf 359
(8) t+rJwef;ae&yfvdyfpm 52 (bD) tif;,m;vrf;/ urm¶Gwf+rdK@e,f/
&efukef?
OD;wifat;onf rEWav;ta&S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

tm;udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(22547)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²69)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? rEWav;ta¶S@ajrmuf+rdK@e,f/ rJqENe,ftrSwf(2)twGif;¶Sd &yfuGufrsm;rSm arm&*D0g/ &efrsdK;vHk/
ywfukef;aysmfbG,f/ jynf}uD;rsufrSef/ pdwW&r[D/ ywfukef;0ef;usif/ jynf}uD;rsuf¶SifESifh r[maZ,sbHkwdk@jzpf
onf? aygif;wnf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;+idrf;/ trd a':ndKr,fwdk@rS 1925 ckESpf/ {+yDv (11)&ufae@wGif jynf
c¶dkif/ aygif;wnf+rdK@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifat;onf Oypmwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1300 jy!fhESpf
ta&;awmfyHkwGif ausmif;om;or*~tr_aqmifwOD;jzpf+yD;/ ausmif;om;oydwfrsm;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? ausmif;
om;oHr%dwyfzJG@0ifjzpfonf? 1942 ckESpf/ 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;jzpfcsdefwGif ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf
(bDtdkifat)wyfzGJ@&mwGif yg0ifcJhonf? rv_dif+rdK@e,f/ tm&Svli,ftpnf;t±Hk;0ifjzpfonf? zufqpf*syef
awmfvSefa&;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)&onf? 1946 ckESpf/ vGwfvyfa&;t}udK
umvwGif tr_xrf;aygif;pkHoydwfwkdufyJGwGif txufjrefrmjynfacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfonf? &Srf;jynfe,fwGif
ya'o&mZfqef@usifa&;twGuf “&Srf;atmifvH”owif;pmudk }uD;=uyfxkwfa0cJhonf? 1951 ckESpfwGif
wyfrawmfokd@0ifa&mufcJhonf (=unf; 6392)? w±kwfjzLusL;ausmfr_ppfqifa&;wGifygonf? ,if;aemuf
umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;±Hk; pdwf"gwfppfqifa&;Xme okawoet&m&SdESifh enf;jyq&mtjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf?
1958-59 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpkodk@ ynmawmfoiftjzpfoGm;a&mufcJhonf? 1962 ckESpf/ awmf
vSefa&;tpkd;&wuf+yD;aemuf A[dkEdkifiHa&;ody`Hausmif;wGif enf;jyrª;(Akdvfr–;)/ vufaxmufausmif;tkyf}uD;
('kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;)/ aemifwGif A[dkEdkifiHa&;wuUodkvfY ausmif;tkyf}uD;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf?
jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD A[dkaumfrwD0if/ 1977 ckESpf/ =o*kwfvwGif ygwDwm0ef¶kyfodrf;jcif;cH&+yD;aemuf
wyfrawmfrS 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;tqifhjzifh t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD
ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wyfr–;a[mif;/ &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@(aemifwGif rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@)wGif
yg0ifcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pwifzGJ@pnf;pOfuyif yg0ifcJh+yD;/ rEWav;wdkif;/ pnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0efcH
wOD;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1968 ckESpf/ (23)}udrfajrmuf ukvor*~nDvmcHodk@ jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
wufa&mufcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGifvnf; xyfrHI ukvor*~nDvmcHodk@wufa&mufcJhonf? *syefESifh
+AdwdefEkdifiHrsm;odk@vnf; 0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfwGif tar&duefEdkifiH¶Sd om;jzpfol. Zdwfac:csuft&
oGm;a&mufvnfywfcJhonf? zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHxm;&&mrS 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDv (26)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdef
axmifrSjyefv$wfonf?
- 190 -
42? jrif;+cH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;aygcif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;aygcifonf jrif;+cH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

jrif;+cH+rdK@e,f/ a*gif;uGJ&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;axG;/ trd a':ouf+rdKifwkd@rS 1947 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (12)
&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;aygcifonf ar+rdK@pdef@tJvAwftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ jrif;+cH+rdK@tpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1975 ckESpfwGif &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfrS
+rdK@jytif*sifeD,mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ukefonfvkyfief;jzifhotoufarG;onf? pufr_wuUodkvfvufa&G;pOfabmfvHk;
orm;/ 1970 jynfhESpfwGif a':&D&DOD;ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? jrif;+cH+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif b¾m
a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@nwGif jzpfysufcJhonfh tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkifyg0if
ywfouf pDpOfusL;vGefcJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vky}f uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;twGif; zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;
cHcJh&+yD; 2004 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (16)&ufae@wGif uav;tusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
43? jrif;+cH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;armifarmif0if;(c)OD;0if;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armifarmif0if;(c)OD;0if;armifonf jrif;+cH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@

csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(39088)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²08)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? jrif;+cH+rdK@e,f/ anmifyif&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wifarmif/ trd a':odef;wdk@rS 1948
ckESpf/ {+yDv (19)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;armifarmif0if;(c)OD;0if;armifonf rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`H
wuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhI &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfwGif r[m0dZ…mbJG@udk tydkif;(u)txdoif,lcJhonf?
1972 ckESpfwGif a':qef;,OfESifhvufxyfcJhonf? udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfonf? jrif;+cH+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
44? jrpfom;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a':tkef;=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a':tkef;=unfonf jrpfom;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? EGm;xkd;}uD;+rdK@e,f/ urf;em;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;yk/ trd a':oef;wifwkd@rS 1952 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&D
v (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? i,femrnfrvSaX;(ac:)a':tkef;=unfonf awmif}uD;aumvdyfrS 1969-
70 ckESpfwGif "mwkt"du,lI 1973 ckESpfwGif rEWav;wuUodkvfrS ody`H("mwkaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrS
1982 ckESpftxd pma&;0efxrf;(jrpfom;+rdK@)/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf?
1978 ckESpfwGif OD;!Gef@wifESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;
wGifyg0ifcJhonf? ausmif;om;b0u ‘t’oHk;vHk;vkyftm;ay;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? a&S@aetjzpfvkdufygtoufarG;
onf? jrpfom;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? a':tkef;=unfonf
- 191 -
1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;
vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;a0;odk@wufa&mufcJhI ouf
qdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdefodrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? xdkaemuf jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;
cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr(11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif;
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (6)&ufae@wGif a=unm
csuftrSwf(996)jzifh a=unmonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJh
onf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (4)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrS jyefvGwfonf?
45? jrpfom;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmrsdK;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmrsKd;jrifhonf jrpfom;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? jrpfom;+rdK@e,f/ ulrJZmwdjzpfonf? Tz OD;!Gef@armif/ trd a':pef;wdk@rS 1954 ckESpf/ {+yDv
(4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;onf? OD;rsKd;jrifhonf 1981 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkfvfrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf?
aq;wuUodkvfrEWav;wGif vrff;pOfvli,f/ ulrJwGif t&efygwD0if/ ausmif;+yD;onfESifhaetdrfwGifaq;cef;zGifh
onf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? jrpfom;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (16)&ufae‹wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD
taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufa=umif; a=unmcsuf
trSwf(1271)jzifh a=unmcJhonf?
46? &rnf;oif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;armifarmifjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armifarmifjrifhonf &rnf;oif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? &rnf;oif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifwif/ trd a':wifnGe@f wdk@rS 1942 ckESpf/ arv (3)&uf
ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;armifarmifjrifhonf '\rwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhI vlr_a&;ESifhbmoma&;vkyf
ief;rsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf? ZeD;a':0if;=unfESifhom;orD;(6)OD;xGef;um;onf? yHkESdyfpufESifhqefpufvkyf
ief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? &rnf;oif;
+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fb¾a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;armifarmifjrifhonf 1961 ckESpf/
jypfr_usL;vGefwwfolrsm;ajccsKyfESifhcH0eftufOya' yk'fr(5) yk'frcJG(1)(p)(q)ESifh jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr (290)
wkd@jzifhjypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(Ë)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f
tjzpfrSy,fzsufvdkufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe
0g&Dv (9)&ufae@wGif a=unmcJhonf?
47? &rnf;oif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;armifarmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 192 -
OD;armifarmifoef;onf &rnf;oif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;
udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15082)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(41²24)jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;
cHcJh&onf? ompnf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1950 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv (31)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;pdef.om;jzpf
onf? OD;armifarmifoef;onf rEWav;+rdK@/ pdef@aZAD;,m;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;udk(c)tqifh
jzifhatmifjrifcJh+yD;aemuf/ 1972 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf(av)okd@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd
ajrjyiftwwfoifavwyfpcef;(rdwˆDvm)/ (502)avwyfpcef;/ r*Fvm'Hk/ wyfrawmfavwGif&SdpOf q,fwef;udk
(u)tqifhjzifhajzqkdatmifjrifcJhonf? 1983 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJh+yD; rdbvufikwfudk,fykdifvkyfief;vkyf
udkvkyfudkifcJhonf?
48? v,fa0;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;wifxGÉfOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifxÉfOD;onf v,fa0;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? rEWav;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;udk}uD;/ trd a':cif+idrf;+idrf;wdk@rS 1963 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27)&uf
ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifxGÉfOD;onf 1983 ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUokdvfrS ody`H(±lyaA')bJG@&¶SdcJh
onf? ausmif;+yD;onfhaemuf rdb.jrefrm@aq;udk,fpm;vS,fvkyfief;udkvkyfudkifcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv
(30)&ufae@nwGifjzpfysufcJhonfh tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkif yg0ifywfoufpDpOfusL;vGefcJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;
acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;twGif; zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cHcJh&+yD; 2004 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (16)&ufae@
wGif a¶$bdktusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
49? v,fa0;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;nDnDxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;nDnDxGef;onf v,fa0;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(23457)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²95)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh
&onf? &rnf;oif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jrwfomxGef;/ trd a':apmav;wdk@rS 1935 ckESpf/ arv (22)
&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;nDnDxGef;onf 1952 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifI &efukefwuUodkvf
wGif Oypm0dZ…m(c)txddynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1958 ckESpfwGif v,fa0;+rdK@e,f jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;
om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfaygif;pk(y-r-n-w) OuUX/ 1960 jynfhESpfwGif y-r-n-w +rdK@e,ftrwfavmif;/ 1963
ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD qdkifwm0efcH/ awmifolv,form;aumifpD twGif;a&;r–;/ 1982 ckESpfrS
1988 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,for0g,r refae*sm/ 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif
yg0ifcJhonf? txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? v,fa0;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif
+rdK@e,fwm0efcH wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ rwfv (12)&ufae@u v,fa0;+rdK@e,f/ om,mukef;aus;¶Gm
wGifjyKvkyfcJhonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tzGJ@0ifrsm;EkwfxGufv$may;tyfyGJtcrf;tem;wGif OD;nDnDxGef;
udk,fwdkifwufa&mufI ‚if;EkwfxGuf&jcif;ta=umif;udk¶Sif;jycJhonf[k 1999 ckESpf/ rwfv (13)&ufae@xkwf
&ufae@xkwf etz owif;pmrsm;wGifazmfjycJhonf?
- 193 -
50? 0rf;wGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmaomif;wif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmaomif;wifonf 0rf;wGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

jcif;cHcJh&onf? yGifhjzLòrd@e,f/ a&Smufawmaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jraomif;/ trd a':cifwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/
ZGefv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;aomif;wifonf 1975 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(1)&efukefrS q&m0ef
bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd wm0efcHq&m0ef bk&m;pkaus;&Gm/ or0g,rvlr_a&;aq;ay;
cef;/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf?
51? 0rf;wGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;vSatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vSatmifonf 0rf;wGif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? 0rf;wGif;+rdK@e,f/ jynfawmf&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;at;armif/ trd a':at;=unfwkd@rS 1941 ckESpf/
'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSatmifonf 0dZ…mbJG@/ tjynfjynfqdkif&mqufoG,fa&; ynm
a&;'Dyvkdrmwdk@udk &efukefwuUodkvfrS 1962 ckESpfESifh 1964 ckESpfwdk@wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1962 ckESpfESihf 1970
jynfhESpfwdk@wGif armfpudkEkdifiHawmfwuUodkvfrS ±k&Sm;bmom'DyvdkrmESifh pD;yGm;a&;yg&bJG@wkd@udkvnf;aumif;
toD;oD;&&SdcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd okawoet&m&SdESifh vufaxmufuxdu A[dk
EdkifiHa&;wuUodkfvf? ,if;XmerSqENtavsmufE_wfxGuf+yD; ZmwdwGif ±dk;&mawmifolvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf?
1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 0rf;wGif;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
52? oydwfusif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;armf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armfonf oydwfusif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

1923 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (13)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? uef@bvl+rdK@e,f/ ZD;ukef;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;om*srf;.om;
jzpfonf? OD;armfonf 1938-39 ckESpf/ ausmif;om;oydwfESifh 'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;0if/ 1944 ckESpfwGif uGefjrL
epfygwD0if/ 1946 ckESpfwGif tvHeDuGefjrLepfygwD0if/ 1948 ckESpfwGifawmckdum 1958 ckESpfwGif tvHeDXme
csKyfukdoydwfarSmufI 1962 ckESpfwGiftvif;0ifcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfwGif +rdK@e,f OuUX (q-p-w-u)/ 1970
jynfhESpfwGif +rdK@e,for0g,rtoif; OuUX/ 1981 ckESpfwGif +rdK@e,fvkyfief;ppfaq;a&; tzJG@0if/ 1350
jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifonf? 1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&ufae@wGif
uG,fvGefa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcsuftrSwf(951)jzifh
1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (13)&ufae@wGif xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf?
- 194 -
53? ompnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;odrf;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;odrf;armifonf ompnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? tz OD;pH=uL;/ trd a':vSJ@wkd@rS 1943 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (13)&ufae@wiG farG;zGm;cJhonf? ompnf+rdK@e,f/
[HZm;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;odef;armifonf 0dZ…m('\edu)bJG@udk pmay;pm,ljzifh &efukefwuUodkvfrS
&¶SdcJhonf? tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ xkd@aemuf 1981 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fvkyfief;ppfaq;a&;
tzJG@/ 1986 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDwm0efrSE_wfxGuf+yD; rdom;pkwpfEkdifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfcJhonf?
1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf?
54? ompnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;armifarmifav;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armifarmifav;onf ompnf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

jcif;cHcJh&onf? ompnf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;apmat;csKd/ trd a':cif=unfwkd@rS 1949 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv
(24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;armifarmifav;onf 1970 jynfhESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS
0dZ…m(yx0D)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd yxrtoif;pkr–; or0g,rOD;pD;Xme(uavm/
ompnf)/ 1987-88 ckESpfwGif XmeOD;pD;/ or0g,rOD;pD;Xme(erfhprf)/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk
ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (16)&ufae@wGif0effxrf;tjzpfrS E_wf
xGufcJhonf? ompnf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
55? tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmaZmfjrifharmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmaZmfjrifharmifonf tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1951 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (11)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;cspfarmif.om;jzpfonf?
a'gufwmaZmfjrifharmifonf 1979 ckESpfwGif rEWav;aq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1982-83 ckESpf
wGif wm0efcHq&m0ef(rEWav;wdkif;) ppfudkif;&Gmopf}uD;wdkufe,faq;±Hk/ 1983 ckEpS frS 1988 ckESpftxd ZD0
"mwko±kyfjyq&m(rEWav;aq;wuUodkvf)/ aq;ynmr[mody`H(ZD0"mwk)bJG@vGefoifwef;yxrESpfudk 1985
ckESpfwGif atmifjrifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf?
1988 ckESpf/ atmufwkdbmvwGif &efukefokd@ajymif;a&$@cH&ojzifh E_wfxGufcGifhawmif;cHcJh&m 1988 ckESpf/
'DZifbmvwGifE_wfxGufcGifh&cJhonf? udk,fykdifaq;ukcef;zGifhxm;onf? a'gufwmaZmfjrifharmifonf 1990
jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv (29)&ufae@wGif tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJG@pnf;a&;vsKd@0Suftpnf;ta0; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf ae&m
xkdifcif;pDpOfjcif;/ {nfhcHau|;arG;jcif;ESifh tpnf;ta0;wGifaqG;aEG;a[majymjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfcJhonf? 1990 jynfh
- 195 -
ESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@wGif rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf±Hk;wGifðyvkyf
aom ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@vnf;wufa&mufcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdk
bmv (1)&ufae@wGif trmcH (Hard Core) (6)OD;twGuf qufoG,fr_ESifhaexkdifpm;aomufr_tydkif;udk
wm0ef,lvkyfaqmif&efuwdfay;cJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpf
=uaom OD;bkdvSwifh/ OD;0if;udk/ OD;vSaz/ OD;odef;OD;wdk@ awmwGif;oGm;rnfhtpDtpOfudkóudwifodxm;cJhonf?
OD;bkdvSwifhawmwGif;a&muf&Sdaea=umif;udkvnf; ,if;.tquftoG,fjzifhod&SdcJhI oufqkdif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;
ofdrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? a'gufwmaZmfjrifharmif;tm; jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1)t& jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;
cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwD
pHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJh
onf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfr!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbm
vwGif axmif'%f(25)csrSwfcHcJh&onf?
56? tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;bbGm;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;bbGm;onf tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? 1927 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (11)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? ocifAodef;.om;jzpfonf? ODbbGm;onf
ocifAodfef;ESifhtwl 'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;/ e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;/ zufqpfqef@usifa&;/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&;
wkdufyJGwdk@Yyg0ifcJhonf? 1946 ckESpf/ wyfrawmfzJG@csdef wyfrawmfwGifwm0efxef;aqmif+yD;/ 1948 ckESpf/
vGwfvyfa&;&onfhtcg wyfrawmfrSxGufcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfwGif a&mifpHkolykefrsm;vufrS tr&yl&+rdK@udk jyef
vnfodrf;ydkufwdkufckduf&mwGifyg0ifcJhonf? zcifocifAodef; ygvDreftwGif;0efvkyfpOf z-q-y-v tzJG@csKyf
wGifyg0ifcJhonf? &Srf;a*gif;&yf/ av;pk&yfuGuf/ tr&yl&wGifaeonf? ,if;onf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv
(29)&ufae@uusif;yðyvkyfonfh ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;udk ,if;.aetdrfwGifðyvkyfcGifh
ay;cJh+yD; udk,fwdkiftqdkygtpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufyg0ifaqG;aEG;cJhojzifh oufqkdif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;
cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemufOD;bbGm;onf jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1)t& jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJG
Oya'yk'fr 11 (n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG
a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (30)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyf
r!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudk ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (4)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;
axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
(10) rGefjynfe,f?
ajrmufbufwGif yJcl;wdkif;/ ta¶S@bufwGif u&ifjynfe,f/ awmifbufwGif weoFm&Dwdkif;ESifh

taemufbufwGif rkwWryifv,fjyifwdk@wnf¶Sdonf?
rGefjynfe,fwGif +rdK@e,f(10)+rdK@e,f¶Sd rJqENe,f(20)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(16)cktm; udk,f

pm;jyK,SOf+ydKifolv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(94)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(1)OD;/ pkpk
- 196 -
aygif;(95)OD;0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(16)ae&mESifh rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@
rS(4)ae&m toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?
1? usdKufxdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;&JxGÉf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD&JxGÉfonf usdKufxkd+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

OD;azcif.om;jzpfonf? 1922 ckESpf/ {+yDv (21)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? awmfvSefa&;umvwGif Armh vGwfvyf
a&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)wGifyg0ifcJh+yD; tm&Svli,f +rdwfc±kdifpnf;±Hk;a&;wm0efcH/ 1952 ckESpfwGif ody`HbJG@&¶SdcJh
I "mwkaA'enf;jyq&mESifh yif;,aqmiftaqmifenf;jy/ 1953 ckESpfrS 1954 ckESpftxd z-q-y-v tvkyf
orm;tpnf;t±Hk;(wD,lpDbD)wGif a&eHESifhowWKXme/ vufaxmufXmewm0efcH/ 1963 ckESpfwGif z-q-y-v
weoFm&Dwkdif;r–;/ 1969 ckESpfwGif Oya'bJG@&¶SdcJhI 1971 ckESpfrSpI w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@ae/ 1988 ckESpfwGif trsKd;
om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf A[dkOD;pD;tzJG@0if/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf rGefjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;tzJG@0if tjzpf
aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
2? usdKufxdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmat;ZH/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmat;ZHonf usdKufxdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1954 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;ausmfZH.om;jzpfonf? rk'Hk+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmat;ZHonf
rk'Hk+rdK@/ oDayg+rdK@ESifh oHjzLZ&yf+rdK@rsm;wGif tajccHynmoif,lcJhonf? 1979 ckESpfwGif aq;ynmbJG@udk r*Fvm'Hk
aq;wuUodkvf(2)rS&&SdcJh+yD; rk'Hk+rdK@wGif udk,fydkifaq;ukcef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkfifcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ {+yDvrSpI
usKdufxkd+rdK@odk@ajymif;a&$@aexkdif+yD; udk,fydkifaq;ukcef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifcJhonf?
3? usdKufra&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;jrihfodef;onf usdKufra&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

&onf? OD;atmif=unf.om;jzpfonf? 1947 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? ppfudkif;wdkif;/ ige;f ZGef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf?
OD;jrifhodef;onf 1968 ckESpfwGif pDyGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS 0g%dZ…/ 0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJh+yD; 1970 jynfhESpfwGif or0g,r
0ef}uD;XmeY tvkyf0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJhonf? oxkH/ rwW&m/ qDqdkif/ awmif}uD;/ bkwvif/ qdyfurf;/ &efukef
±Hk;csKyfESifh usdKufra&m+rdK@wkd@wGif or0g,rOD;pD;Xme/ +rdK@e,fOD;pD;r–;wm0efwkd@udk xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/
azazmf0g&DvwGift+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?
4? usdKufra&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
- 197 -
OD;rif;cifarmif(c)Edkifcifarmif/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@?
OD;rif;cifarmif(c)Edkifcifarmifonf usdKuffra&m+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD

tzGJ@tm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(11528)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(41²89)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz EdkifvGef;cdkif/ trd rdjrcspfwdk@rS 1933 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (8)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh
onf? OD;rif;cifarmif(c)Edkifcifarmifonf 1962 ckESpw f Gif v#yfppf"mwftm;ay;a&;tzGJ@ vufaxmuftif*sifeD
,m/ 1966 ckESpfwGif pufypPnf;}uD;=uyfa&;tzGJ@Y tr_aqmift&m¶Sd/ xdk@aemuf 'kwd,tr_aqmift&m¶SdcsKyf/
1972 ckESpfrSpI A[dkpufypPnf;pm&if;tif;ESifhppfaq;a&;OD;pD;Xme 'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;rª;/ 1989 ckESpf/ rwfv
(31)&ufae@wGift+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? &efukefwuUodkvfrGeftoif;wGif twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf 1957-58 ckESpf/
1958-59 ckESpf/ rGefpmayESifh,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD(&efukef)wGif 1978-80/ 1980-82/ 1982-84 ckESpfrsm;Y
OuUX/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0if(wdkif;&if;om;a&;&mXmerª;)/ jynfaxmifpk
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf rl0g'a&;&maumfrwDwGif tzGJ@0if/ a¶G;aumufyGJ,SOf+ydKifbuf trsdK;
om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS udk,fpm;vS,favmif; OD;wifaiGu a¶G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;cJhojzifh a¶G;
aumufyGJcHktzGJ@(1). =um;emppfaq;r_udkcHcJh&onf? OD;rif;cifarmif(c)Edkifcifarmif ¡ rGefausmif;em,utzGJ@
0if/ rGef"rRm¶Hkwnfaqmufa&;aumfrwD 'kwd,OuUX/ rGef"rRm¶HkESifhrGefydÉuwfwdkuf xdef;odrf;apmifha¶Smufa&;
em,utzGJ@0if/ rGefpmayESifh,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD(&efukef).em,utzGJ@0if ¢ onf 2002 ckESpf/ pufwifbm
v (29)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@YuG,fvGefonf?
OD;rif;cifarmif (c) Edkifcifarmif
touf(70)
B.Sc.(Engg.) Mech.
zJuwm/ uwdk;aumhESyf
(prf;acsmif;/ &efukef)
'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;rª; (+idrf;)
A[dkpufypPnf;pm&if;tif;ESifhppfaq;a&;OD;pD;Xme
vlr_xl;c|ef(wwd,qifh)
armfv+rdKif+rdK@/ uwdk;aumhESyfaus;¶Gmae (EdkifvGef;cdkif-rdjrcspf)wdk@.om;/ armfv+rdKif+rdK@/ 'dkif;0efuGif;&yf/
0wf}uD;vrf;ae (OD;yk-a':aiG+rdKif)wdk@.om;oruf/ trSwf(40)/ iSufaysmawmvrf;/ u|ef;awmajrmuf&yfuGuf/
prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,fae a':wifpdef.cspfvSpGmaomcifyGef;/ (OD;pdk;odef;/ ava=umif;OD;pD;Xme)-a':oif;+rdKifwdk@.
nD§armif/ OD;rif;ndKodrf;(¶Hk;tzGJ@rª;/ +idrf;)-a':vS=unf/ OD;atmifjrifh-a':wifwif/ a':0if;0if;¶Sdef(EdkifiHawmf
at;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGH@+zdK;a&;aumifpD¶Hk;)/ OD;pdk;jrifh-a':wifa¶$wdk@.tpfudk/ udkausmfvif;aZmf(acwW-
U.S.A.)/ udkxGef;xGef;/ udkrsdK;ol&-ywfcs,f&Dcp(acwW-Aefaumuf)/ udkxGef;odef;(C.E., N.S.S.P.L.)-
reDvmcif/ udkwifh atmif/ reDvmatmif (Final Part I, I.M. 1) wdk@. aus;Zl;¶Sifzcif/ eef@cs&m/ armif+zdK;rif;
odef;wdk@.tbdk; onf 29-9-2002 &ufwGif uG,fvGefygI 1-10-2002 &uf (t*Fgae@) rGef;vGJ 1 em&DwGif
xdefyiftat; wdkufrS xdefyifokomefodk@ ydk@aqmifrD;o+*õK[fygrnf?
usef&pfolrdom;pk
5? acsmif;qHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
- 198 -
OD;atmif=unf!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmif=unf!Gef@onf acsmif;qHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

jcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;wifjrifh.om;jzpfonf? 1951 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (8)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? rEWav;wkdif;/
wyfukef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;atmif=unf!Gef@onf 1973 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yJGatmifjrifcJh
onf? 1975 ckESpfwGif pkdufysKd;ynmbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfrSpI acsmif;qHk+rdK@ taemufydkif;&yfuGufwGifaeI
txufwef;a&S@aetjzpftoufarG;onf? OD;atmif=unf!Gef@onf jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr (416)(109)jzihf
jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cHcJh&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr (11)(Ë)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,f
zsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (9)&ufae@
wGif a=unmcJhonf?
6? acsmif;qHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a':cifaX;ºuG,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a':cifaX;ºuG,fonf acsmif;qHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? OD;uGefyg.orD;jzpfonf? 1946 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? acsmif;qHk+rdK@e,f/ rk&pf
uav;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif qXrwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? xdkrS &efukefodk@ajymif;a&$@ynm
oif=um;cJh&m 1966 ckESpfwGif trSwf(3)wmarGtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? xkdrS
&efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfodk@ wufa&mufynmoif=um;cJh&m 1970 jynfhESpfwGif ody`H(owWaA')bJG@&¶SdcJh
onf? bJG@&+yD;aemuf A[dkv,faumifpD pma&;0efxrf;/ 1978 ckESpfwGif rSwfyHkwifa&S@ae oifwef;atmifjrif
onfhtcgpma&;0efxrf;tjzpfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? ,if;aemufw&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif&GufcJhonf?
7? aygif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;Om%f0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;Om%f0if;onf aygif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(20032)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²2)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
OD;csdefaz/ trd a':&Dwkd@rS 1942 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (20)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? usdKufcrDZmwdjzpfonf?
OD;Om%f0if;onf 1948-49 ckESpfrS 1959-60 ckESpt f xd usdKufcrDtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ armfv+rdKif
&Sifr[mAk'<aCmotxufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif wuUokdvf0ifwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf?
1960 jynfhESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd armfv+rdKifOypmaumvdyf/ rEWav;wuUodkvfESifh &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`H
wuUodkvfwdk@rS 0dZ…m(Oya'bJG@)ESifhOya'bJG@rsm;&¶SdcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfwGif a':vSvS0if;ESifhvufxyfcJhonf?
1970 jynfhESpfrS 1973 ckESpftxd txufwef;a&S@ae/ w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@ae/ 1973 ckESpfwGif Oya'0efxrf;tqifh
(4)/ 14-11-1988 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (14)&ufae@wGif Oya'0efxrf;tqifh(1)rS t+idrf;pm;,lcJh+yD;/ w&m;±Hk;csKyf
a&S@aetjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf?
8? aygif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
- 199 -
Edkifaomif;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
Ekdifaomif;!Gef@onf aygif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? OD;bkd;ouf.om;jzpfonf? 1934 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (31)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? aygif+rdK@/ u'g&yfuGufZmwd
jzpfonf? Ekdifaomif;!Gef@onf 1943 ckESpfrSpI bkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;ynm/ rlvwef;ynm/ tv,fwef;/
txufwef;ESifhwuUodkvf0ifwef;txd/ "rRar"eDausmif;ESifh aygif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif ynm
oif=um;cJhonf? ausmif;rSxGufI v,fvkyfief;vkyfukdifcJh+yD; aygif+rdK@e,f z-q-y-v/ A-w-v-p wkd@wGif
+rdK@e,ftqifh/ 1965 ckESpfwGif q-p-w-u twGif;a&;r–;/ 1968 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (17)&ufae@rSpI ,lepf
a&;&mr–;/ ,lepfaumfrwD0if/ 1977 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2)&ufae@rS 1978 ckESpf/ ZGefv (10)&ufae@txd
ygwD,lepf twGif;a&;r–;/ 1978 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@rS 1985 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@txd ygwD,lepf
OuUX wm0efwkd@udkxrf;aqmifcJh+yD; 1986 ckESpf/ arv (25)&ufae@wGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDrS E_wf
xGufcJhonf?
9? bD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;armifarmifvwf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armifarmifvwfonf bD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? OD;xGef;pdef.om;jzpfonf? bD;vif;+rdK@e,f/ a&SavSaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1947 ckESpf/ pufwifbm
v (9)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;armifarmifvwfonf a&SavSaus;&Gmrlvwef;ausmif;/ bD;vif;/ usdKufxkd/ oxHk
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1972 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvf
rS 0dZ…mbJG@(Oya')ESifh 1973 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ…mbJG@wkd@&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif A[kdw&m;±Hk;tvkyfoif
a&S@aeoifwef;wufa&mufcJhI 1975 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aevkdifpif&&Sd+yD; bD;vif;/ usdKufxkd+rdK@e,f
w&m;±Hk;ESifh rGefjynfe,fw&m;±Hk;wkd@wGifa&S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1983 ckESpfwGif A[dkw&m;±Hk;
a&S@aetjzpfpwifvdkufygaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd bD;vif;+rdK@e,f a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf
yJGaumfr&Sif tzJG@0if/ 1975 ckESpfwGif a&SavSaus;&GmpmqkdawmfyJGESifh 1986 ckESpfwGif bD;vif;pmqkdawmfae@
wkd@wGifa[majymcJhonf?
10? bD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;armifarmif(opPm¶Sif)/ trdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armifarmifonf bD;vif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? 1930 jynfhESpfzGm;jzpfonf? ar+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;jrat;.om;jzpfonf? OD;armifarmifonf
ppftwGif; tm&Svli,ftzJG@0ifESifh 1954 ckESpfrSpI +rdK@e,fausmif;om;or*~ESifh ausmif;om;wyfOD;wGif
+rdK@e,f wyfa&;/ 1946 ckESpfwGif taxGaxGoydwfacgif;aqmif/ 1947 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfodk@0ifa&mufcJh+yD;
1950 jy!hfESpfwGif ol&Jaumif;rSwfwrf;0ifwHqdyf&onf? 1955 ckESpfrS 1957 ckESpftxd pifumyl/
- 200 -
=opa=w;vsESihf tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwdk@wGif ppfoifwef;wufa&mufcJhonf? '*Hk+rdK@e,f}uH@ckdifa&;toif;
+rdK@e,fpnf;±Hk;a&;r–;ESifh &efukefwkdif; (tv,fykdif;) wvu twGif;a&;r–;/ jynfol@axmufyHha&;tzJG@ tpdk;&
cef@tzJG@0if/ rEWav; wkdif;tvkyform;}uD;=uyfa&;tzJG@ twGif;a&;r–;/ 1972 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfrS Akdvfr–
;tqifhjzihf t+idrf;pm;,l cJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd vrf;pOfygwDXmecsKyf ynma&;&mXmewGif
XmecJGr–;ESifh 'kwd,Xmer–;/ XmecsKyfygwD,lepf OuUXESifh A[dkaumfrwD0iftxd/ tjynfjynfqkdif&mqufoG,f
a&;ESihf EkdifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwD twGif;a&;r–;/ zJG@pnf;yHktajccHOya'a&;qJGa&;aumfr&SifwGif tzJG@0ifESihf
aumfrwDtzJG@cJGtwGif;a&;r–;/ xD;csdKifhrJqENe,fv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f/ jynfol@v$wfawmf tjynfjynf
qkdif&mqufoG,fa&;ESihfEkdifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwD twGif;a&;r–;/ ukvor*~okd@(3)}udrfESifh bufrvkdufEkdifiHrsm;
nDvmcHodk@(2)}udrf wufa&mufcJhonf? 0efxrf;a&G;cs,favhusifha&;tzJG@0if/ 1977 ckESpfwGif ygwDwm0efrsm;rS
±kyfodrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf EkdifiHjcm;ukr`%Drsm;wGif u|rf;usifr_vufaxmuf/ ar+rdK@toif;(&efukef)
OuUX/ ‘opPm&Sif’uavmiftrnfjzihf pma&;q&m/ 1988 ckESpfwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESihf rsdK;cspf
&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@odk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@wGif A[dkaumfrwD0ifESifhtwGif;a&;r–
;(pDrH)tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
11? rk'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a':wifapmOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGH@csKyf?
a':wifapmOD;onf rk'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

rk'Hk+rdK@e,f/ anmif0dkif;Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSa&$/ trd a':aiG&Dwkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ rwfv (14)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? a':wifapmOD;onf rk'Hk&Sif&[Hausmif;wGif rlvwef;ynmpwifoif=um;cJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpf
wGif armfv+rdKif armfwifvdef;*s'fqiftxufwef;ausmif;rS wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yJGudkvnf;aumif;/
1961 ckESpfwGif rk'Hk+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;udkvnf;aumif; atmifjrifcJhonf? 1967
-68 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(Oya')bGJ@ESihfOya'0dZ…mbGJ@wdk@&¶SdcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif
armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,f w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aerpPwmea';qif;xHwGif tvkyfoifa&S@aetjzpfavhvmqnf;yl;cJhonf?
1971 ckESpf/ rwfv (30)&ufae@wGif w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aejzpfvm+yD;aemuf rGefjynfe,fw&m;¶Hk;ESifh rk'Hk+rdK@e,f
w&m;±Hk;rsm;wGif w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvkdufygaqmif&GufcJhonf?
12? rk'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmrif;=unf0if;/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@?
a'gufwmrif;=unf0if;onf rk'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@tm;

cHcJh&onf? tz OD;Edkifausmf(uG,fvGef)/ trd a':apm¶Sdefwdk@rS 1952 ckESpf/ ZGefv (29)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
a'gufwmrif;=unf0if;onf arG;csif;armifESpfr(5)a,mufteuf 'kwd,ajrmufom;jzpfonf? i,femrnf rif;
aiG=unf0if;jzpfonf? rk'Hk+rdK@e,f/ anmifukef;aus;¶Gm rGefrlvwef;ausmif;wGif rlvwef;ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/
tv,fwef;ESifhtxufwef;ynmudk rk'Hk+rdK@/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wGif oif=um;cJhonf? 1971
ckESpfwGif (10)wef;udk (3)bmom*k%fxl;jzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(2)r*Fvm'HkrS
q&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1982-83 ckESpfwGif +rdK@e,fudk,fxludk,fxausmif; usef;rma&;q&m0ef/ 1981
- 201 -
ckESpfwGif rdprf;EGJ@(enf;jy/ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ynmoifausmif;/ armfv+rdKif+rdK@)ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? udk,fydkif
aq;ukocef; zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifonf? rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@(A[dk)wGif wGJzuftwGif;a&;rª;(1) wm0ef,lcJh
onf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmvwGif 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)jzifh axmif
'%f(7)ESpf csrSwfjcif; cHcJh&+yD;/ 2004 ckESpf/ ZGefv (4)&ufae@wGif armfv+rdKiftusOf;axmifrS jyefvGwfonf?
13? armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
Adkvfrª;}uD;vGef;wif(t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
Akdvfr–;}uD;vGef;wif(t+idrf;pm;)onf armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD

tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(39624)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77²29)jzifh a&G;cs,f
wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,f/ aumhESyf&GmZmwdjzpfonf? rGeftrsKd;om;Ak'<bmom0ifjzpfonf?
tz OD;xGef;vif;/ trd a':odef;arwkd@rS 1921 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? Akdvfr–;}uD;vGef;wif
(t+idrf;pm;)onf 1928 ckESpfrS 1932 ckESpftxd ajrmif;jr+rdK@/ atbDtrf trsKd;orD;tv,fwef;ausmif;/
1932 ckESpfrS 1941 ckESpftxd ajrmif;jr+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif q,fweff;atmifjrifonftxd
ynmoif=um;cJhI 1941-42 ckESpf/ ppfjzpfcsdefwGif Oypmatmufwef;txd &efukef,leDAmpDwDaumvdyfwGif
ynmoif=um;cJhonf? ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)wGif tjcm;tqifhjzihf 1942 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&D
v (1)&ufae@rS 1942 ckESpf/ rwfv (16)&ufae@txd/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)wGif t&m&Sd
tqifhjzihf 1942 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (27)&ufae@rS 1945 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&ufae@txd/ ArmhrsKd;cspfwyfrawmf
(bDyDtufzf)wGif t&m&Sdtqihfjzihf 1945 ckESpf/ rwfv (27)&ufae@rS 1945 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (31)&ufae@
txd EkdifiHhwm0efrsm;udkxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1945 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGif *ENDpmcsKyft&zJG@pnf;
aomArmhwyfrawmfwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&SdjzpfvmcJhonf? oeu(5)wGif wyf&if;r–;tjzpf 1953 ckESpf/ ZGefv
(11)&ufae@rS 1953 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (2)&ufae@txd/ cv&(22)wGif wyf&if;r–;tjzpf 1953 ckESpf/
atmufwdkbmv (3)&ufae@rS 1955 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (28)&ufae@txd cv&(6)wGif wyf&if;r–;tjzpf 1955
ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (29)&ufae@rS 1957 ckESpf/ rwfv (29)&ufae@txd/ cv&(14)wGif wyf&if;r–;tjzpf 30-3-
1957 ckESpf/ rwfv (30)&ufae@rS 1958 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (18)&ufae@txdf/ trSwf(11) wyfr[mXmecsKyf
wGif ,m,Dwyfr[mrSL;tjzpf 1958 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (19)&ufae@rS 1959 ckESpf/ arv (19)&ufae@txd/
trSwf(1) wyfr[mXmecsKyfwGif ,m,Dwyfr[mrª;tjzpf 1959 ckESpf/ arv (25)&ufae@rS 1961 ckESpf/
=o*kwfv (16)&ufae@txd/ trSwf(7) wyfr[mXmecsKyfwGif wyfr[mrSL;tjzpf 1961 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (17)
&ufae@rS 1963 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (15)&ufae@txd/ taemufajrmufwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf wkdif;rSL;tjzpf 1963
ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (16)&ufae@rS 1965 ckESpf/ {+yDv (29)&ufae@txdf/ 1965 ckESpf/ {+yDv (29)&ufae@rSpI
u-u-csKyf(=unf;)odk@ wJGzufwm0ef/ taemufajrmufwdkif;ppfXmecsKyfwGif wkdif;rSL;tjzpfaqmif&GufpOf
bkef;}uD;ta&;tcif;Yyg0ifywfoufr_jzihf 1965 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (1)&ufae@rS 1967 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv
(27)&ufae@txd zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? umuG,fa&;Xme aumifpD!$ef=um;csuftrSwf 1§64/ tydk'f
(6-1)t& 1968 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (25)&ufae@rSpI ppfr_xrf;aqmifjcif;rS&yfpJcHcJh&I 1968 ckESpfrS 1978
ckESpftxd trSwf(1)pufr_0ef}uD;Xme !$ef=um;a&;rª;csKyf/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd tvkyform;Xme
!$ef=um;a&;rª;csKyf/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd tvkyform;Xme t}uHay;yk*~dKvftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf?
1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;+yD;onfhaemuf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@0if
cJhonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ A[dktvkyftr_aqmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkOD;pD;ESifh rGefjynf
e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? jyefwrf;0if wyfrawmft&m&SdtrSwf (=unf;-3618)jzpf
onf? 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@wGiftm%modrf;cJhonfh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;OD;aqmifaom awmfvSefa&;
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aumifpDwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDa=unmcsuftrSwf(34)jzifh 1962 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&ufae@wGif awmfvSef
a&;aumifpD0iftjzpf cef@tyfcHcJh&onf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD wif;jynfhygwD0ifvnf;jzpfcJhonf?
1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wyfrSL;a[mif;rsm;tzJG@0iftjzpf yg0ifv_yf&Sm;
cJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)/ EdkifiHh*k%f&nf(yxrqifh)/ oD&dysHcsD/ aZ,sausmfxif/ oD[Av
wHqdyfwkd@tygt0if qkwHqdyf(7)ck&¶SdcJhonf? 1951 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (9)&ufae@wGif a':oef;=unfESifh vuf
xyfcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&uf ae@wGif jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@wGif
tzGJ@0iftjzpfwdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1996 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae‹wGif topfjyef
vnfzGJŒpnf;onfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkaumfrwDY A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0if/ rGefjynfe,f
wm0efcHtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufae@wGifzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDwGif tzGJ@0ifjzpfvmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@nwGif
jzpfyGm;cJhonfh tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkif yg0ifywfoufpDpOfusL;vGefcJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkuf
cdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;jzpfyGm;t+yD;wGif aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2003 ckESpf/ Edk0if
bmv (24)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf?
¡ u|efawmfonf armfvòrdifc¶kdif uwkd;aumhESyf&GmrSaeI ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtkdifat)ESifh

vkdufygvmcJhonf? bm;tHodk@a&mufaomtcg ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtkdifat)XmecsKyf&Sd&m,dk;',m;
e,fpyf &[kdif;bufodk@c&D;qufcJh.? &[dkif;Y *syefjyefAdkfvfrdk;(ocifat;armif)OD;aqmifaomwyfzGJ@udkzGJ@pnf;
&mwGifyg0if+yD;vufeufrsm;udkvufcH&&Sdonf? vufeufrsm;rSm wyfzGJ@0ifOD;a&xufrsm;aeonfhtwGuf ydkv#H
aomvufeufrsm;udko,fum awmtxyfxyfawmiftxyfxyfjzwfI zmyGefvrf;bufodk@csDwuf=uonf?
csDwuf&mvrf;wav#mufY u&if&GmrStyrnfonfh&Gmr#r&Sd? acsmif;óudacsmif;=um;/ ajrmif;óudajrmif;=um;
auG@ywfumcsDwufcJh=uonf? xrif;vnf;iwfcJhonf? odk@aomfvGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJtwGufpdwf"gwfrSmrl
wufºuGjyif;xefvsuf&Sdonf? ppfawmif;jrpftaemufbufurf;odk@a&muf&SdonfhtcsdefY tajrmufoHrsm;/
AkH;}uJoHrsm;udk=um;&aoma=umifh wyfzGJ@rSm&yfwef@oGm;onf? xkdaemuf t*Fvdyfav,mOfysHrsm;.vma&muf
wkdufckdifr_udkcH&onf? ppfawmif;jrpf'Da&twuftusESifhtwl tavmif;rsm;rSma&pkHa&qefESifhtwlajrmyg
onfudkawG@&onf? wmqkHY bDtkdifatwyfom;rsm;onf t*Fvdyfwkd@.,EW&m;wyfzGJ@ESifhawG@qkHwkdufyGJjzpfyGm;
&mrS taotaysmufrsm;&Sdonfudkvnf;=um;&onf? xkdae&mYyif av,mOfysHypfcwfenf;/ aoewfypfcwf
enf;rsm;udk u|efawmfwkd@tjyif;txefavhusifh&onf?
xkdrSwqifh bDtkdifatwyfzGJ@onf&efukefbufodk@csDwuf=ujyef&m u|efawmfwkd@yg0ifaomwyfzGJ@Y
wyfpk(1)wyfpkr–;tjzpfu|efawmf/ wyfpkr–;(2)tjzpfAdkvftkef;a&$(jynfwGif;aomif;usef;r_ESdrfeif;&mwGif rkwWr
bufYusqkH;onf)/ wyfpk(3)wyfpkr–;tjzpf ,dk;',m;rSygvmaom ,dk;',m;aygufjrefrmvlrdsK;Adkvfbatmif/
wyfpk(4)wyfpkr–;tjzpf ,dk;',m;jrefrmujym;(,dk;',m;emrnfjzpfonfhtwGufrrSwfrdawmh)wkd@u wm0ef,l
=u&um wyfzGJ@ukd AdkvfawZ(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)uOD;pD;onf? u|Ekfyfwkd@wyfzGJ@.*syefppft&m&SdrSm rpPwm
xkduf&jzpfonf?
wnwGif rEWav;vrf;udk jzwfausmf&eftðy &efukefbufrSwufvmaom &efolum;wyf}uD;rsm;udk
awG@&Sd&onf? txuftrdef@t& xkdum;wyf}uD;rsm;udk wkdufckdifjcif;rðybJajr}uD;ay:Y0yf+yD; noef;acgiftxd
rv_yfr,Suf ae=u&onf? &efolum;wyf}uD;rsm;vGefajrmuf+yD;rS rEWav;um;vrf;ukdjzwfum yJcl;&dk;rwGif;okd@
0if=uonf? yJcl;&dk;rrSwqifh jynfvrf;buf&Sd wkduf}uD;jrdK@e,f vdarRmf+cHaus;&Gmodk@a&muf&Sd=uonf? AdkvfawZ
(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)onf wkduf}uD;jrdK@rSacgif;aqmifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;wifarmif}uD;ESifhtzGJ@wkd@udkac:,lI
t*Fvdyfwyfrsm;qkwfcGmoGm;onfhtajctaeudkar;jref;pkpH rf;wkdifyif=uonf? xkdnY AdkvfawZ/ rpPwmxdkuf
& Adkvftkef;a&$ESifh u|efawmfwkd@(4)a,mufwkd@onf t*Fvdyfwkd@.qkwfcGmvrf;jzpfaom wkduf}uD;teD;rD;&xm;
wHwm;ukd rdkif;jzifhoGm;+yD;csdK;zsuf=uum eHeuf(4)em&DwGif vdarRmf+cHaus;&Gmokd@jyefvnfa&muf&Sd=uonf?
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aemufwae@wGif t*Fvdyfuif;vSnfhwyfzGJ@wzGJ@ vdarRmf+cHaus;&Gmbufodk@wufvm&m u|efawmfwkd@wyfzGJ@u
jyefvnfwkdufxkwfojzifh t*Fvdyfw@kd onf tavmif;rsm;yifraumufEkdifyJjyefvnfqkwfcGmoGm;=uonf? Adkvf
awZ(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)OD;aqmifaom u|efawmfwkd@ppfa=umif;onf atmifyGJrsm;cH,laepOftwGif; *syef
jyefAdkvfrdk;rSm zl;}uD;wkdufyGJYusqkH;oGm;a=umif;0rf;enf;bG,f&m=um;od&avonf? vdarRmf+cHrSwqifh rD;&xm;
vrf;twdkif;csDwufvm&m ajrmif;wumwGif&or#um;rsm;udkpkpnf;+yD; xkdt&yfum;rsm;jzifh arSmfbDjrdK@odk@0if
=uonf? arSmfbDjrdK@wjrdK@vkH;rSmwdwfqdwfae+yD; vlwa,mufudkr#rawG@&ay?
*syefwyfrsm;ESifhtjydKif &efukefjrdK@odk@0ifa&mufEkdifa&;twGuf um;rsm;jzifhqufvufxGufcGmvmcJh&m
narSmifpwGifaxmuf=uef@odk@a&muf=u.? *syefwyfzGJ@rsm;onf &efukefvrf;wbufwcsufrScsDwufaepOf
AdkvfawZ(AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)OD;pD;aom u|efawmfwkd@ppfa=umif;u xdyfYa'gif;tvHv$ifhxlum axmuf=uef@
rS&efukefodk@tjyif;armif;vm=uonf? &efukefjrdK@wiG f;odk@a&muf&Sdaomtcg wjrdK@vkH;onfwdwfqdwfaeum
rD;rsm;vnf;vkH;0r&Sd/ tpma&pmiwfaeaomacG;rsm;.tloHudkom=um;&+yD; vrf;ay:Yvlwa,mufr#rawG@&
yg? &efukefjrdK@ay:wGif u|efawmfwkd@um;wef;onf [dk[kdonfonfav#mufarmif;aeaomfvnf; rnfol@udkr#
rawG@&onfhtwGuf a&$wd*kHbk&m;ajc&if;&Sda*:&mukef;pcef;(,ckrSwfwrf;¶kH;&Sd&m)odk@a&muf&Sd+yD; pcef;csxm;
vkdufonf? &efukefjrdK@udkodrf;ykduf+yD;aemuf *syefwyfESifhArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmfwkd@onf r=umc%tcsif;
rsm;=uonf? t*Fvdyfwkd@pGef@cGmoGm;aomukefwkduf}uD;rsm;/ &duQm*dka'gifrsm;wkd@udk *syefwyfESifhbDtkdifatwyf
wkd@onfOD;&mvlodrf;=uonf?
&efukefjrdK@Y&SdaepOf wae@Y a*:&mukef;pcef;&SdwyfzGJ@rsm;tm;wef;pDap+yD; *syefAdkvfrpPwmuDwm*sDrm
(,ck rpPwmwmum[m&Sd/ jrefrmoH¶kH;/ wkdusdK)u Akdvftkef;a&$ESifhu|efawmfwdk@tm;ac:xkwfvdkuf+yD; wdkuf
}uD;jrdK@ t*Fvdyfrsm;qkwfcGmvrf;&Sd&xm;wHwm;udkzsufqD;&mY pGrfpGrf;wrHaqmif&Gufr_a=umifh bDtdkifatqkwH
qdyfudkcsD;jr‡ifha=umif;ajym=um;um u|efawmfwkd@ESpOf D;.&ifbwfrsm;wGifwHqdyfrsm;wyfqifay;ygonf? xkdwH
qdyfrsdK;onf *syefjyefAdkfvfrsm;vnf;wyfqifxm;onfudkawG@&Sd&onf?
ajrmufydkif;odk@csDwuf&mwGif *syefwkd@uOD;raqmifawmhbJ *syefjyefrsm;uOD;aqmifonf? AdkvfaZ,s
OD;aqmifaomppfa=umif;Y Adkvf&efatmifwyfr[m/ Adkvf&JxGÉfwyfr[m/ Adkvfjrifhatmifwyfr[m[lI wyf
r[m(3)ckwkd@yg0ifonf? Adkvf&JxGÉfwyfr[mwGif trSwf(1)wyf&if;r–;tjzpfu|efawmfAdkvf[oFm/ trSwf(2)
wyf&if;r–;tjzpfAdkvfoHwkdif(,ckAdkvfr–;a[mif;oHwkdif)/ trSwf(3)wyf&if;r–;tjzpf Akdvftkef;a&$(xm;0,fom;/
usqkH;) trSwf(4)wyf&if;r–;tjzpfAkdvfbóudif(bm;tH/ a&$*Gef;YusqkH;)wkd@u toD;oD;wm0ef,l=u&ygonf?
ajrmufydkif;odk@csDwuf&mwGif *syefwyfESifhbDtkdifatwyfwkd@onftòydiftqkdifcsDwuf=uonf? c&D;&Snfvmonf
ESifhtr# *syefESifhArmwyfwkd@.yÉdyuQrSmydkrkdjyif;xefvmonf? Oyrm Aef;armfESifha&$*lt=um;vrf;c&D;Y
ppfa=umif;r–;AdkvfaZ,sESifhtzGJ@udk *syefwyfuzrf;qD;xm;a=umif;owif;udk&&SdonfhtcgwGif rcHr&yfEkdifjzpf=u
um AdkvfaZ,svGwfajrmufa&;twGuf *syefwyfudkwkdufckduf&efusdK;yrf;vmonftxdjzpfcJh&onf? aemufqkH;
wGif AdkvfaZ,stm; *syefwkd@utav#mhay;umjyefvnfv$wfay;vkduf&awmhonf? Aef;armfrSwqifh u|efawmf
wkd@wyfrawmfonf rEWav;okd@jyefvnfpk¶kH;um (bD-tkdif-at)udkzsufodrf;+yD; (bD-'D-at)udk ArmhumuG,f
a&;wyfrawmftjzpfajymif;vJzGJ@pnf;cJhygonf?
Adkvf[oFm (Adkvfr–;}uD;a[mif;vGef;wif?)
- tDZkrd,xwfpka&m *syefbmomjzifha&;om;I 'kAdkvfrª;}uD;oD[Avjraomif;(t+idrf;pm;)/ *syefbmomrS

wdkuf¶dkufjrefrmjyefonfh “&JabmfoHk;usdyfESifhrDemrDv#dK@0SuftzGJ@”pmtkyf/ yxrt}udrf(1976) twGufa&;onfh
trSmpmrS ² ² ² ¢
14? armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
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OD;csrf;at;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;csrf;at;onf armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? ysOf;rem;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;v_dif/ trd a':pdefwkd@rS 1927 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (24)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? i,femrnf OD;wifa&$/ uavmifemrnf armifpl;prf;/ awmwGif;emrnf OD;xGef;az (ac:)
OD;csrf;at;onf uefawmfuav;jrLausmif;/ A[kdtpkd;&txufwef;ausmif;(txu 1/ vom)wdk@wGif ppf
rjzpfrDu ynmoif=um;cJhI 1941 ckESpfwGif 8 wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1938-39 ckESpf/ ausmif;om;oydwfESihf
tpmiwfcHwkdufyJGrsm;wGif wef;jrifhausmif;om;acgif;aqmif/ 1943 ckESpfwGif r*Fvm'Hkrlvwef;ppfwuUokdvf
(a,meif;) tywfpOf(1)odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? 1945 ckESpf/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGif om,m0wD/ OuUHESihf
yJcl;c±dkifwkd@wGif ajymufusm;acgif;aqmif/ 1945-46 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifpmar;yJGatmifjrifcJhonf? 1946-
47 ckESpf/ &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;om;/ Auorsm;tzJG@csKyf wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;/ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;/
OuUX/ 1949 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…m(c)abm*aA'*k%fxl;wef;wufaepOf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD(Auy) awmckd&modk@
vkdufygoGm;cJhonf? xkdpOf OD;csrf;at;onf &efukefc±kdif(Auy),l*sDtjzpfESifh &efukefokd@r=umc%a&mufI
&efukefwuUokdvfausmif;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfOD;rS ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhaqG;aEG;jcif;/ Auy.
oabmxm;udk!$ef=um;;pOf OD;csrf;at;tm; 1956 ckESpf/ rwfv (31)&ufae@wGif z-q-y-v tpkd;&
ESifhaphpyf aqG;aEG;&ef Auy udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wm0efay;apv$wfonf? aphpyfaqGaEG;&mwGif Auy A[kdu
EkdifiHa&; tajccHjzihfðyvkyf&ef!$ef=um;aomfvnf; OD;csrf;at;urvkdufemojzifh wkdif;aumfrwDtqifhwm0efrS
±kyfodrf; +yD; ygwD0iftjzpfrSvnf; (9)v&yfpJxm;cJhonf? xkdtcg OD;csrf;at;u ygwDrSE_wfxGufcGifhðy&ef
Auyodk@ pma&;wifjy&m A[dkuvufrcHcJhay? xkdtcsdefcGifhjzihfaexdkifpOf OD;csrf;at;onf ppfwrf;wpfapmif
(aemifwGif csrf;at;ppfwrf;[ktrnfwGifcJhonf?)udkðypk+yD; Auy A[dkokd@wifjycJhonf? xkdppfwrf;.tESpf
om&rSm Auy A[dk. 48 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv vrf;pOfjzpfaom vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;vrf;pOfudk jyefvnf
oHk;oyfI vufeufudkifvrf;pOfudkpGef@+yD; ygvDref'Drkdua&pDenf;t& wkdufyJG0if&efjzpfonf? xkdvrf;pOfufdk Auy
A[dku vufrcH y,fcs cJhonf? 1957 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (8)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@wGif v#dK@0Sufv_yf&Sm;
vsuf&Sdaom OD;csrf;at;udk wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSzrf;qD;&rdcJhonf? xkdpOf OD;csrf;at;onf zqyv
tpkd;& jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD; OD;xGef;0if;xHodk@ csrf;at;ppfwrf;udkwifjycJhonf? ,if;ppfwrf;a=umifh &Jabmf
csrf;at;tjrifrSef&oGm;+yD[k z-q-y-v tpdk;&u,Hk=unfum 1957 ckESpf/ {+yDv (5)&ufae@wGif cH0efuwd
jzihfjyefv$wfay;+yD; xkdae@rSmyif tpdk;&cGifhðycsufa=umifh owif;pmq&mrsm;ESifhawG@qHkum owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJG
jyKvkyfcGifhay;cJhonf? ‚if;wifjyaom csrf;at;ppfwrf;ukdvnf; yHkESdyfxkwfa0cGifhjyKcJhonf? 1957 ckESpfwGif
&effukefwuUodkvfrS Oya'bJG@&,l+yD; Oya'ynm&Sif/ pma&;q&mESifhowif;pmq&m/ 1957-58 ckESpfwGif
z-q-y-v 0ef}uD; jrefrmhtvif;OD;wif.pDpOfay;csuft& jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmwGif pD;yGm;a&;t,f'Dwm
jzpfcJhonf? 0ef}uD;a[mif;OD;xGef;0if; (wnf+rJ z-q-y-v) OuUX tjzpfaqmif&Gufaom A[dkvufum; or
0g,rtoif;wGif OD;xGef;0if;.zdwfac:csuft& or0g,roifwef; uxdu/ pHawmfcsdefowif;pm (rxkwf
jzpfcJh) t,f'DwmcsKyfwm0efwkd@udkaqmif&GufcJhonf? ,if;okd@aqmif&GufpOf OD;xGef;0if;ESifh EkdifiHa&;udpPrsm;
jiif;cHkaqG;aEG;&mrS OD;csrf;at;onf Auy &yfwnfcsuftwkdif; &yfwnfcsufrajymif;vJ/ wnf+rJ z-q-y-v
udkvnf; apmfum;ykwfcwfonf[kqkdum 1960 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (2)&ufae@wGif tvkkyfrS&yfpJcJh
onf? 1961-62 ckESpfwGif rSefeef;pD;yGm;a&; owif;pOf(ae@pOfxkwf)ESifh rSefeef;*sme,f(tywfpOf)wkd@wGif
t,f'DwmcsKyfwm0eff,lcJhonf? ,if;rSefeef;*sme,fonf 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@wGif tm%modrf;cJh
aom AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;OD;aqmifonfh awmfvSefa&;aumifpD. qkd&S,fvpfpD;yGm;a&;pepfudkóudqkda=umif;
axmufcHa&;om;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpfwGif awmfvSefa&;tpdk;& jyef=um;a&;/ or0g,rESihftrsdK;om;pDrHudef;
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0ef}uD;Xmewdk@wGif txl;t&m&Sd/ xkdrS pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvf ausmif;oHk; qkd&S,fvpfabm*aA'pmtkyfukd
OD;wifa&$(bDat/ abm*aA'*k%fxl;/ bDt,fvf)trnfjzihf ðypkcJhonf? xkd@jyif EdkifiHawmful;oef;a&mif;0,f
a&;b%f 'g±kdufwmvl}uD;/ pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvf ynma&;tzJG@0if/ jyifyuxdu pmppfrSL;wm0efwdk@udk
aqmif&GufcJhonf? awmfvSefa&;tpdk;&.tpDtpOfjzihf *sDeDAm ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;tzJG@0ifrsm; tpnf;
ta0;ESihf 1964 ckESpf/ tjynfjynfqkdif&mor0g,rESD;aESmzvS,fyJGwdk@okd@ wufa&mufcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif
pD;yGm;a&;pDrHudef;rsm;a&;qGJjcif;ESifhywfoufI awmfvSefa&;aumifpDESifh t,ltqrukdufnDojzifh tvkyfrS
E_wfxGufI armfv+rdKifodk@ajymif;a&$@+yD;aemuf A[dkw&m;±Hk;a&S@aetjzpf toufarG;&if; armif;pl;prf; trnf
jzihfpmrsm;a&;om;cJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif yxrZeD;a':oef;oef;uG,fvGefoGm;I ,ckvuf&SdZeD; a':cifcspf
(tv,fwef;jy)ESifh 1973 ckESpfwGif vufxyfcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD
ta&;awmfyHk}uD;t+yD;wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfokd@0ifa&mufI A[dktvkyftr_aqmif aumfrwD0if/
A[dkOD;pD;tzJG@0if/ rGefjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;rSL;wm0efwkd@,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. *ENDqHk;jzwfcsuf
twkdif; e0w tpdk;&xHrS v$wfawmfac:,lcGifhr&vsif vkyfaqmifoifhonfh enf;vrf;oHk;oG,fpmwrf;udk
wkdifyifaqG;aEG;a&;om;ðypk&mwGifyg0ifcJho!fhtwGuf oufqkdif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1950
jy!fhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr (5)(u)(c)(n)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya'
yk'fr 11 (n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG
a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20)&ufae@wGif a=unmcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpf
twGif;jyKvkyfr!fh a±G;aumufyGJrsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (9)&uf
ae@wGif OD;csrf;at;udkifaqmifonfh w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@aevdkifpiftrSwf(1131)tm; ¶kyfodrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; a¶S@ae
tjzpfrSygxkwfy,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? trsKd ;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrSvnf; rlt& 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (24)&uf
ae‹wGif ygwD0iftjzpfrSxkwfy,fay;cJh&onf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (15)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyef
vGwfonf?
15? a&;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmrif;pdk;vif;/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@?
a'gufwmrif;pdk;vif;onf a&;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@tm; udk,f

onf? OD;omcif.om;jzpfonf? 1957 ckEpS f/ =o*kwfv (31)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? a&;+rdK@e,f/ aumh'Gef;aus;¶Gm
Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmrif;pdk;vif;onf rlvwef;ynmudk aumh'Gef;aus;¶GmwGifvnf;aumif;/ tv,fwef;
ESifhtxufwef;ynmudk rk'Hk+rdK@wGifvnf;aumif;/ wuUodkvfynmudk armfv+rdKifa'oaumvdyfESifhaq;wuU
odkvf(2)/ r*Fvm'HkwGifvnf;aumif; oif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1985 ckESpfwGif q&m0efbGJ@(M.B.B.S.)&¶SdcJhonf? txuf
wef;ausmif;om;b0wGif ausmif;aumifpDtwGif;a&;rª;/ wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0wGif rGefpmayESifh,Ofaus;
r_aumfrwD(wuUodkvfrsm;/ &efukef) tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0if/ aq;wuUodkvf(2)Ak'<bmomtoif; twGif;
a&;rª;/ armfv+rdKifaq;¶Hk}uD;wGif tvkyfoifq&m0eftjzpfxrf;aqmifpOf rGeftrsdK;om;ae@usif;ya&;aumfrwD
twGif;a&;rª;ESifhOuUX/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@(A[dk)wGif taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1998
ckESpf/ pufwifbmvwGif 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)jzifh axmif'%f(7)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;
cHcJh&+yD;/ 2004 ckESpf/ ZGefv (4)&ufae@wGif armfv+rdKiftusOf;axmifrS jyefvGwfonf?
16? a&;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
- 206 -
a'gufwm=uifodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwm=uifodef;onf a&;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? tz OD;baiG/ trd a':vSwifwkd@rS 1941 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? wGHaw;+rdK@
e,f/ ysOf;uwkd;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwm=uifodef;onf 1959-60 ckESpfwGif &efukef+rdK@pdefaygausmif;rS
ocsFm/ "mwkaA'*k%fxl;wkd@jzifh wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfwGif r*Fvm'Hkaq;wuUokdvf
(2)rS q&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfwGif oxHk+rdK@ol a':0if;=unf(bDat)ESifhtdrfaxmifuscJhonf? 1969
ckESpfwGif em*awmifwef;a'o av&SD;+rdK@Y q&m0ef/ 1972 ckESpfwGif oxHkjynfol@aq;±Hk vufaxmufq&m0ef/
1974 ckESpfwGif rk'Hk+rdK@e,f/ urm0uf&Gm wdkufe,fq&m0ef/ 1976 ckESpfwGif a&;+rdK@wGif +rdK@e,fusef;rma&;
t&m&Sd/ 1981 ckESpfwGif a&;+rdK@jynfol@aq;±HkY +rdK@e,fq&m0ef/ 1986 ckESpfwGif wm0efrSE_wfxGufcJh+yD; a&;+rdK@
wGiftajccsaexdkifI udk,fydkifaq;ukor_vkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (1)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk
'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGuf
a=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
17? oxHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
cGefjrifhxGef;(armifjrifhxGef;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cGefjrifhxGef;onf oxHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? tz OD;zkef;cif/ trd a': cifat;wdk@rS 1963 ckESp/f Zefe0g&Dv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? odrfqdyf
aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? cGefjrifhxGef;onf 1979 ckESpfwGif tajccHynmtxufwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1983
ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS ody`H(blrdaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? wuUokdvfrSxGuf+yD;aemuf rdbrsm;ESifhtwl'l;&if;oD;
vkyfief;/ rkef@rsKd;pHkvkyfief;wkd@udkvkyfudkifcJhonf? trjzpfol.usL&Sifausmif;wGifvnf; vufaxmufusL&Sifq&m
tjzpfoif=um;ay;cJhzl;onf? 1996 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (20)&ufae@wGif jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 122(2) EdkifiHawmf
opPmazmufzsufykefuefr_jzifh axmif'%f(7)ESpfjypf'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf? ¡ 22-8-96 &ufae@xkwfowif;
pmrsm;wGif tdENd,EdkifiHtajcpdkuf v_yf¶Sm;v#uf¶SdaomtrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS a'gufwmwifhaqGOD;pD;
aomtzGJ@u jynfwGif;¶SdtrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS OD;'dkaxmif;(uav;+rdK@)/ cGefjrifhxGef;(oxHk+rdK@)tygt0if
(19)OD;tm;qufoG,fI jynfyoifwef;odk@oifwef;om;rsm;apv$wfay;&ef/ vH_@aqmf0g'jzef@pmapmifrsm;jzef@
a0&eftjyif rHk¶Gm+rdK@Yjynfytkyfpk.v#dK@0Suf¶Hk;cGJzGifhvSpf&efaqmif¶GufcJhjcif;rsm;twGuf zrf;qD;ta&;,l&a=umif;
azmfjyxm;onf? ¢
18? oxHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;oef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;oef;armifonf oxHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

I0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(2479&)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mckdifE_ef;(67²56)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
tz OD;jyef@/ trd a':wifhwkd@rS 1927 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (20)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? atmifyef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpf
onf? OD;oef;armifonf ar+rdK@wGif(8)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1946 ckESpf/ arv (24)&ufae@wGif
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ar+rdK@/ A[dktif*sifeD,mwyfodk@wyfom;tjzpfpwif0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1949-50 ckESpfwGif ol&Jaumif;rSwfwrf;
0ifbJG@wHqdyf&cJhonf? 1953 ckESpfwGif ar+rdK@Akdvfoifwef;ausmif; tywfpOf(10)odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? ,if;
aemuf ajcv#ifwyf&if;trSwf(13)wGifwm0efus+yD; armfvòrdif/ bm;tH/ aumhu&dwf/ xm;0,f/ zmyGef+rdK@rsm;
wGif wyfcJGrSL;tqifh/ 1963 ckESpfwGif oeu(1)oxHk/ wyfcJGrSL;ESifhppfa=umif;rSL;/ 1965 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd
oxHk+rdK@ evu OuUX/ 1968 ckESpfrS 1970 jynfhESpftxd weoFm&Dòrd@ evu OuUX/ 1970-71 ckESpfwGif
ucsifaoewfukdifwyf&if;(2)/ bm;tH+rdK@/ xkdrS arSmfbDAdkvfoifwef;ausmif;okd@ajymif;a&$@cJhonf? 1977 ckESpf
wGif trSwf(6)wkdif;A[dkavhusifha&;pcef; tkwfwGif;wyfrSL;/ 1985 ckESpfwGif oufjynfhyifpifjzihfwyfrawmfrS
t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? oxHk+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif tvkyftr_aqmif/ oxHk+rdK@e,frsKd;cspf&Jabmf
a[mif;rsm;tzJG@wGif OuUX wm0efwkd@,lcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,f
pm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS a=unmcJh
onf?
19? oHjzLZ&yf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;armifarmif=uD;(t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armifarmif}uD;onf oHjzLZ&yf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(12250)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(50²71)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;
cHcJh&onf? OD;bdk;pdef.om;jzpfonf? 1920 jynfhESpf/ {+yDv (1)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? armfv+rdKif+rdK@Zmwdjzpf
onf? armfv+rdK@tpkd;&txufwef;ausmif;rS (10)atmifjrif+yD; &efukefwuUodkvfwGif(bDtufpfpD)txd ynm
oif=um;cJhonf? ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmfwGif Adkvfav;/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf r*Fvm'HkppfwuU
okdvf wwd,ywfAdkvfavmif;oifwef;qif;/ ppfOD;pD;/ ppfO;D pD;csKyfAkdvfrSL;}uD;aZ,s.tyg;awmf+rJ/ awmfvSefa&;
wGif rif;wkef;e,fY AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;.vHk+cHKa&;wyfzJG@0if Akdvfav;/ 1945 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (28)&ufae@wGif
a&wyfjyefwrf;0if/ 1967 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif 'kwd,AkdvfrSL;}uD;tqifhjzifht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?
txl;wm0efrsm;tjzpf 1958 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd tvkyform;Xme/ 'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;rª;csKyfESihf
&efukefqdyfurf;txl;rif;}uD;/ awmfvSefa&;tpdk;&vufxuf ta&S@awmifwkdif; vtu 'kwd,OuUX/ 1964
ckESpf/ {+yDv (17)&ufae@rS 1966 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (20)&ufae@txd v,f§opf wJGzuftwGif;0efESihf
opfvkyfief;tzJG@ 'kwd,OuUX/ A[kdqdk&S,fvpfpD;yGm;wnfaqmufa&;aumfrwD tzJG@0if/ EkdifiHa&;aqmif&Guf
csufrsm;tjzpf 1939 ckESpfwGif 'kd@Armtpnf;t±Hk;odk@pwif0ifa&mufonf? &efukef+rdK@/ prf;acsmif;&yfuGufvkH;
qkdif&m 'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;udkpwifwnfaxmifolwOD;jzpf+yD;/ tpnf;t±Hk;.wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;/ wyfrSL;}uD;
a[mif;rsm;ESihf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;/ rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ em,utzJG@0if/ Armh
vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqihf)/ aZ,sausmfxifbJG@ESifhol&Jaumif;rSwfwrf;0ifwdk@&cJhonf? ZeD;a':pdef&D
ESihf om;(1)a,muf/ orD;(4)a,mufxGef;um;onf?
20? oHjzLZ&yf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
EdkifxGef;odef;/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@?
EdkifxGef;odef;onf oHjzLZ&yf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@tm; udk,f

onf? OD;atmif'Gef;.om;jzpfonf? 1917 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (31)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? EdkifxGef;odef;
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onf 1938 ckESpf/ arvwGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm(10)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1945 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif ody`HbGJ@
(B.Sc.)&¶SdcJhonf? 1946 ckESpfwGif &mrnwdkif;vHk;qdkif&m rGeftzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;/ 1947-48
ckESpfwGif usdKufcrD(*)e,f ynmtkyf/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd vufeufudkifrGefajratmuf awmfvSef
a&;tzGJ@acgif;aqmif/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd Oya'abmiftwGi;f rGefjynfol@wyfOD;tzGJ@ taxGaxG
twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1969 ckESpftxd armfv+rdKifaxmifwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;
xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd armfv+rdKif+rdK@/ rGeftrsdK;om;ae@usif;ya&;aumfrwD
em,u/ rGefpmay+ydKifyGJqyfaumfrwD OuUX tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@(A[dk)wGif
OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u 1990 jynfhESpf/
a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm; taumiftxnfazmfray;ojzifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;yg0ifonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfw&yfudk r=umrDac:,lrnfjzpfa=umif;/ 1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (21)&ufae@
wGifa=unmcJht+yD; ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkEdkifiHa&;ygwDacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfol EdkifxGef;odef;
tm; zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;
jyKaumfrwD (pDtm&fyDyD)wdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@.udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf yg0ifvmcJh
onf?
(11) &cdkifjynfe,f?
taemufajrmufbufwGif b*Fvm;a'h¶SforRwEdkifiH/ ajrmufbufwGif csif;jynfe,f/ ta¶S@bufwGif

rauG;wdkif;/ yJcl;wdkif;ESifh {&m0wDwdkif;ESifh/ taemufbufESifh awmifbufwGif b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfwdk@wnf
¶Sdonf?
&cdkifjynfe,fwGif rJqENe,f(26)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(20)cktm;udk,fpm;jyK,SOf+ydKifol v$wf

awmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(148)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(4)OD;/ pkpkaygif;(152)OD;0if
a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(11)ae&m/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(9)ae&m/ trsdK;om;
vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwDrS(4)ae&m/ +rdK(ac:)crDtrsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ESifh ureftrsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwdk@rS(1)ae&mpD toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?
1? ausmufawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmxGef;at;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmxGef;at;onf ausmufawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? tz OD;aom=um/ trd a':rcdkifausmhwdk@rS 1954 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
rif;jym;+rdK@/ atmuf¶Gmydkif;&yfuGufZmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmxGef;at;onf rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;ESifh txuf
wef;ynm&yfrsm;udk rif;jym;awmifydkif;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;ESifh rif;jym;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif
oif=um;cJh&m (8)wef;wGif *k%fxl;(2)bmom/ tajccHynmtxufwef;wGif *k%fxl;(3)bmomjzifh xl;c|efpGm
atmifjrifcJhojzifh a¶$wHqdyfqkrsm;csD;jr‡ifhjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1971 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(2)/ &efukefodk@0ifcGifh&¶Sd
cJhonf? 1975 ckESpf/ ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifacgif;aqmifcJhI &ufaygif;(140)cef@zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;
xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf ausmif;jyefwufcGif;&cJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif a':vSat;EkESifhvufxyfcJhonf?
- 209 -
1980 jynfhESpfwGif q&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? ajrmufOuUvmyaq;¶HkwGif tvkyfoifq&m0eftjzpf (1)ESpfwm0ef
xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd ausmufawmf+rdK@e,for0g,raq;cef;q&m0ef/ xdk@aemuf
tvkyfrSxGufI &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif twGif;a&;rª;(1)tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? ausmufawmf+rdK@wGif
udk,fydkifaq;ukcef;zGifhvSpfaexdkifonf?
2? ausmufawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;pHomatmif/ +rdK(ac:)crD trsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@?
OD;pHomatmifonf ausmufawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif +rdK(ac:)crDtrsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;

tzGJ@tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(15801)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²44)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1942 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (28)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;pH+ydef@.om;jzpfonf? OD;pHom
atmifonf 1963 ckESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif rlvwef;q&m
tjzpftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif tvkyform;a&;&moifwef;wufa&mufcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfrS 1988
ckESpftxd ygwDuvyfpnf;acgif;aqmif/ ygwDpdwfaumfrwD/ ygwDpdwftwGif;a&;rª;/ xdk@aemuf +rdK@e,fjynfol@
aumifpDtzGJ@0if/ tvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0ifESifh twGif;a&;rª;wm0efwdk@udkaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/
'DZifbmv (22)&ufae@wGif +rdK(ac:)trDtrsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@udkwnfaxmifI A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@
OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf?
3? ausmufjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;qef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;qeff;armifonf ausmufjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? OD;omxGef;pH.om;jzpfonf? 1926 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (11)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? ausmufjzL+rdK@Zmwdjzpf
onf? 1946 ckESpfwGif ausmufjzL+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfwGif
wyfrawmf(av)odk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfwGif ar+rdK@ wyfrawmf(=unf;)Adkvfoifwef;odk@wufa&mufcJh
onf? taumif;qHk;u'uf(Cadet)&cJhonf? wyfpkrª;oifwef;/ wyfcJGrª;oifwef;/ tkyfcsKyfr_oifwef;/ t&m&Sd
i,fOya'oifwef;wkd@udkwufa&mufcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif trSwf(117)ajcjrefwyf&if;wGif wyf&if;rSL;
('kAkdvfrª;}uD;tqifh)/ 1970 jynfhESpfwGif e,fbuf tkd;tdrfOD;pD;Xmeokd@ajymif;a¶$@tr_xrf;cJhonf? 1971 ckESpf
wGif wyfrawmfrS Adkvfrª;tqihfjzifht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? tkd;tdrfOD;pD;XmewGif txl;t&m&Sd xdkrS twGif;a&;rSL;
(tkd;tdrfaumfrwD)/ 1986 ckESpfwGif oufjynfhyifpif,lcJhonf? 1948 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftwGif; t*Fvef/
tar&duef/ tpPa&;/ taemuf*smr%D/ awmifudk&D;,m;wkd@okd@ EkdifiHwm0efjzihfoGm;a&mufcJhonf?
4? ausmufjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;wif}uD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wif}uD;onf ausmufjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

- 210 -
onf? 1926 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;apmxGef;OD;.om;jzpfonf? OD;wif}uD;onf 1942 ckESpfwGif ausmufjzL+rdK@/
jrLeDpDy,fausmif;wGif (7)weff;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? *syefacwfwGif *syefpum;jyefvkyfcJhonf? 1945-
46 ckESpfwGif ppf&Jwyf&if;trSwf(20)odk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? wyf=uyf/ xkdrS 1949 ckESpfwGif wyf&if;w&if;vHk;
awmckd&mwGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1950 jynfhESpfwGif tvif;0ifcJhonf? xdkaemuf ppf&Jwyf&if;trSwf(1)wGif
jyefvnf tr_xrf;cJhonf? (9)vcef@tr_xrf;+yD;aemufxGufcJhonf? ,if;aemuf ukefonfvkyfief; vkyfudkifcJh
onf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? ausmufjzL+rdK@e,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfwGifb¾ma&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ
usif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1997 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (5)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS
EkwfxGufa=umif;a=unmcJhonf[k 1997 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (6)&ufae@ etz. jrefrmhowif;v$m
at-0084(tdkif)wGifazmfjyxm;onf?
5? *G+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;nDyk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;nDykonf *G+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf

+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15931)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²93)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? &ckdifvlrsdK;/
Ak'<bmom0ifjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;az/ trd a':jrOD;wkd@rS 1955 ckESpf/ {+yDv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
*G+rdK@e,f/ &ckdifuGif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif 'orwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1983 ckESpfwGif &efukef
0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS Oya'bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif &efukef+rdK@odk@ajymif;a&$@aexkdif+yD; 1976 ckESpfwGif
w,fvDzkH;±Hk;napmifh/ xkdaemuf ukef;vrf;ydk@aqmifa&;wGif ynmoifb0rSpwifI pma&;0efxrf;tqifhtxd
1988 ckESpftxdwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? xdk@aemuf Zmwdaus;¶Gmodk@jyefvnftajccsaexdkifcJhonf? *G+rdK@e,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;aumfrwDtwGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf?
6? ppfawG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;a&$,/ ureftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;a¶$,onf ppfawG+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif ureftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

1955 ckESpf/ {+yDv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;a¶$armif.om;jzpfonf? OD;a¶$,onf 1974 ckESpfwGif ajryHk+rdK@
e,ftaxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xme pma&;0efxrf;/ xdk@aemuf 1986 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSEkwfxGuf+yD; a¶S@ae
tjzpfvdkufygaqmif¶GufcJhonf? Oya'bGJ@(t,fvft,fvfbD)&cJhonf? a¶G;aumufyGJwGif,SOf+ydKifbufjzpfol
&cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS OD;armifomZHu a¶G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;cJhojzifh a¶G;aumufyGJcHktrSwf(4)
wGif =um;emppfaq;r_cHcJh&onf?
7? ppfawG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;pHxGef;(c)vljzL/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 211 -
OD;pHxGef;(c)OD;vljzLonf ppfawG+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;
tz OD;jrOD;/ trd a':pHvSjzLwdk@rS 1925 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (15)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pHxGef;(c)OD;vl
jzLonf ppfawG+rdK@t*FvdyfoDv¶Sifausmif;/ &efukef+rdK@tpdk;&[dkufpul;ausmif;wdk@wGifynmoif=um;cJh&m 1942
ckESpfwGif ppfjzpfvmojzifh (9)wef;ausmif;om;b0wGifausmif;xGufcJh&onf? 1943 ckESpfwGif ArmhumuG,f
a&;wyfrawmf/ tvHkcsif;acsmif;pcef;/ wyf&if;(2)/ wyfcGJ(1)wGif wyfom;/ xdk@aemuf 1943 ckESpfwGif r*Fvm'Hk
yxrywft=uyfoifwef;odk@wufcGifh&I wyf=uyfuav;&mxl;jzifh ausmif;qif;cJhonf? ysOf;rem;wyf&if;(6)
pufaoewf}uD;wyfcGJwGif wm0efusonf? xdkrS taemufydkif;wdkif;/ wdkif;rª; Adkvf&efatmif. wdkif;(7)
o&ufodk@ ajymif;a¶$@cJhonf? awmfvSefa&;t+yD;wGif yJcl;wdkif;rª; AdkvfausmfaZm. wdkif;(4)wGif wyfpkrª;/
rsdK;cspfwyfrawmfudk uENDpmcsKyft&zsufodrf;csdefwGif t&mcHAdkvf/ ,if;aemuf rnfonfhEdkifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;
wGifrSryg0ifbJ tdkifbDyD a&eHjzef@jzL;a&;udk,fpm;vS,f vkyfaecJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0ifqkwHqdyf/
vGwfvyfa&;pnf;¶Hk; r_wHqdyf/ vGwfajrmufa&;wHqdyfwdk@&cJhonf?
8? Awmifukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;ausmfcdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ausmfcdkifonf awmifukwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

awmifukwf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifb/ trd a':v_difwkd@rS 1923 ckESpf/ arv (23)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;
cJhonf? OD;ausmfckdifonf uif;armf&Gmtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS e0rwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1941 ckESpfwGif
a':jr=uLESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrSpI awmifukwf+rdK@/ azmifawmfOD;apwDa*gyutzJG@0if/ 1350 jynfh
(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@e,fvHkòcHa&;udkwm0ef,lcJhonf? aq;±HkaumfrwD/
q&mrdbtoif;/ oHCmhaq;±Hkpaomvlr_a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxG
axGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1999 ckESpf/ rwfv (30)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1452)jzifh
9? aygufawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;boef;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;boef;onf aygufawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

1948 ckESpf/ rwfv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;ausmfZHOD;.om;jzpfonf? &cdkiftrsdK;om;/ Ak'<bmom0ifjzpf
onf? OD;boef;onf aygufawm+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ xdk@aemuf uefawmfuav;tpdk;&txuf
wef;ausmif;trSwf(1)/ Adkvfwaxmiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(5)/ vli,fha&;&mausmif;rsm;wGifynm
oif=um;cJh+yD; 'orwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? aygufawm+rdK@e,f taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;XmeESifh +rdK@e,fjynfol@
aumifpD¶Hk;wdk@wGif pma&;0efxrf;tjzpf (11)ESpfcef@wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfwGif pmay;pm,ljzifh
Oya'bGJ@ajzqdkatmifjrifcJhonf? xdkaemuf A[dkw&m;¶Hk;a¶S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif¶GufcJhonf? +rdK@e,fabmvHk;
toif;enfhjy/ &yfuGufpm=unfhwdkuf OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? aygufawm+rdK@e,f &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
wGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf?
- 212 -
10? aygufawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;apmxGef;pdef/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;apmxGef;pdefonf aygufawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

aygufawm+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;vSjzL/ trd a':yef;cdkifwdk@rS 1957 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (1)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? &cdkifvlrsdK;/ Ak'<bmom0ifjzpfonf? OD;apmxGef;pdefonf aygufawm+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;/ ppfawG+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(4)wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 'orwef;atmifjrifcJh
onf? 1977-78 ckESpfwGif ppfawGaumvdyfrS pufjyif'Dyvdkrm&¶SdcJhI 1982 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS
Oya'bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? trSwf(1)wuUodkvfavhusifha&;wyfwGif tajccHppfynmESifh wef;jrifhppfynmbmom&yf
rsm; oif=um;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfwGif a':jrodef;ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@aetjzpfvdkuf
ygaqmif¶Guf toufarG;onf? aygufawm+rdK@e,f&cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJh
onf?
11? ykÀm;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;atmifxGef;pdef/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmifxGef;pdefonf ykÀm;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

ppfawG+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;apmvS/ trd a':apmomwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (31)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifxGef;pdefonf ppfawG+rdK@ tdk;wef;tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ pdef@tifhuGefAifhwdk@wGif
ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ e0rwef;wGif ocsFmvl&nfc|ef&cJhonf? xdk@aemuf ykodrfaumvdyfESifh &efukefwuUodkvfwdk@
wGif qufvufynmoif=um;cJh&m "mwkaA't"dujzifh ody`HbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd
tpdk;&,ufuef;ausmif;wGif ody`Henf;jy/ oabFmvkyfief;XmecGJ(ppfawG)wGif aiGpm&if;udkif/ 1976 ckESpfwGif
odrfjzLtm,kaAŠ'aq;ody`HrS wdkif;&if;aq;ynm&yfudk ESpfbmom*k%fxl;jzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? tm;upm;/ pm
=unfhwdkufponfh vlr_a&;vkyfief;rsm;tjyif &efukefwuUodkvf &cdkifausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;(wdkif;&if;om;
vlrsdK;rsm;pmayESifh,Ofaus;r_aumfrwD)wGif jyef=um;a&;rª;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? wdkif;&if;aq;ynmjzifh
aq; 0g;ukoonfhvkyfief;vkyfudkiftoufarG;onf?
12? bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;ausmfrif;(c)rmarmufa¶Smif¶_tmaemf*lvma[muf/
OD;ausmfrif;(c)rmarmufa¶Smif¶_tmaemf*lvma[mufonf bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
wGif trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(30997)rJ/
pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²39)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,f/ rdausmif;aps;¶GmZmwd
jzpfonf? tz OD;azmfaZmfa&mfref;/ trd a': avrefcgwlwdk@rS 1953 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmfrif;(c)
- 213 -
rmarmufa¶Smif¶_tmaemf*lvma[mufonf rdausmif;aps;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ awmifbZmtpdk;&
tv,fwef;ausmif;/ bl;oD;awmif+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ ppfawG+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;
trSwf(1)wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1968 ckESpfwGif &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS bDuGrf;bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf?
1969 ckESpfwGif ppfawG+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)wGif txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1983 ckESpf
wGif ynma&;'DyvdkrmbGJ@&¶SdcJh+yD;/ bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,f vufaxmufynma&;rª;/ 1985 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;
ausmif;tkyftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh&mrS 1989 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif tvkyfrSEkwfy,fcHcJh&onf? trsdK;om;vl@
tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD(r-v-'-y)wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf?
13? bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;wifarmif(c)Ek&ftmruf/ trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD?
OD;wifarmif(c)Ek&ftmrufonf bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;vl@tcGifh

ta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(20045)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;
(49²93)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,f/ zHkndKvdyfaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1934
ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;a¶Smfrvkuf.om;jzpfonf? OD;wifarmif(c)Ek&ftmrufonf =uufurf;jyifwGJzuftpdk;&
tv,fwef;ausmif;/ armif;awm+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;ESifh ppfawG+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;
trSwf(1)wdk@wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD; (10)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1954-56 ckESpfwGif usef;rma&;oifwef;
ausmif;rS usef;rma&;rª;oifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1957 ckESpfrS 1969 ckESpftxd usef;rma&;Xme iSufzsm;
a&m*grª;tjzpf ppfawG/ bl;oD;awmifwdk@wGifwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfwGif usef;rma&;a=umifh
tvkyfrSEkwfxGufcJh+yD; udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;twGuf e,fpyfjzwf
ausmfcJhjcif;a=umifh oufqdkif&mvl0efr_}uD;=uyfa&;XmerS ¶Hk;wifw&m;pGJqdkI '%faiG(70d§-)csrSwfjcif;cHcJh&
onf? bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD OuUX/ XmecsKyfA[dkaumfrwD0iftjzpf
aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
14? rif;jym;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;armifjrifh/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armifjrifhonf rif;jym;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(12301)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(55²2)jzifh a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
&rf;+AJ+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ndKcsrf;atmif/ trd a':ESif;ykwdk@rS 1938 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (16)&ufae@wGifarG;
zGm;cJhonf? OD;armifjrifhonf &rf;+AJ+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS(10)wef;atmifjrifcJhI ausmufjzLaumvdyf/
&efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfwdk@rS 0dZ…mbGJ@(ordkif;)&¶SdcJhonf? usef;rma&;rª;oifwef;ESifh txufwef;a¶S@aepm
ar;yGJwdk@udkatmifjrifcJh+yD; usef;rma&;rª;/ xdk@aemuf txufwef;a¶S@aetjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpf
wGif a':jrifharESifhvufxyfcJhonf? rif;jym;+rdK@e,f &cddkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf?
15? rif;jym;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;xGef;0if;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 214 -
OD;xGef;0if;onf rif;jym;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if
a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(11899)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(58²24)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rif;
jym;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bpH/ trd a':odef;arwdk@rS 1941 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh
onf? OD;xGef;0if;onf i,fpOfuyif &efukef+rdK@odk@oGm;a&mufI avmuD/ avmukwW&mpmayrsm;oif,lcJh&m
bDatbGJ@ESifh "rRmp&d,bGJ@wdk@&¶SdcJhonf? vkyfom;rsm;aumfvdyfwGif tcsdefydkif;enf;jyq&m/ ppfawG+rdK@e,for
0g,r/ &cdkifjynfe,f/ +rdK@e,for0g,rtoif;pkwdk@wGif refae*smtjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? ppfawG+rdK@/ jyify0dZ…m
ESifh wuUodkvfpmay;pm,loifwef;/ apwemnausmif;wdk@wGif (10)ESpfausmf apwemq&mESifh OuUX tjzpf
aqmif¶GufcJhonf? ppfawG+rdK@e,f/ ynmoifaxmufyHha&;aumfrwD(wuUodkvfaumvdyfbGJ@&) OuUX/ &cdkif
o[m,toif; twGif;a&;rª;/ &cdkifvli,ftoif; OuUX/ &efukefwuUodkvfygÏdpmaytoif; twGif;a&;rª;
tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? jyifxGef;0if;(bDat/ "rRmp&d,)/ xGef;0if;(&efukefwuUodkvf)/ wuUodkvfcdkifZm0if;
uavmiftrnfwdk@jzifh pmayrsm;a&;om;cJhonf? &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf(A[dk) b¾ma&;rª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJh
onf?
16? armif;awm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;tDjAm[def;(c)OD;cspfvGif/ trsdK;om;vl@tcGifha&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD?
OD;tDjAm[def;(c)OD;cspfvGifonf armif;awm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;vl@tcGifha&;'Drdk

u&ufwpfygwD(r-v-'-y)tm; udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(12620)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;
(50²97)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? armif;awm+rdK@e,f/ +rdK@ol}uD;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz [m*sD
OD;qD'Dtmruf/ trd a':tifwD[mcgwlwdk@rS 1946 ckESpf/ ZGefv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;tDjAm[def;(c)
OD;cspfvGifonf rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef;ynm&yfrsm;udk +rdK@ol}uD;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/
armif;awm+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;ESifh ppfawG+rdK@OD;atmifvSZHausmif;wdk@wGif oif=um;cJhonf? 1963-
64 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfodk@wufa&mufonf? 0g%dZ…bGJ@(pm&if;udkif/ pm&if;ppf)udk 1966-67 ckESpfwGif
&¶SdcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfwGif bGJ@vGefp;D yGm;a&;pDrHudef;ynm'Dyvdkrmudk &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS *k%fxl;jzifh
atmifjrifcJhI 1982 ckESpfwGif rSwfyHkwifa¶S@aepmar;yGJ(tm&ft,fvf)atmifjrifcJhonf? w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@ae
tjzpfvdkufygaqmif¶GuftoufarG;onf? 0efxrf;tjzpf 1967 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd pDrHb¾m0ef}uD;Xme
pm&if;udkifoifwef;enf;jy acwWausmif;tkyf}uD;/ a'oaumvdyf ¶Hk;vkyfief;twwfynmpmppfrª;wm0efwdk@udk
aqmif¶GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;vl@tcGifha&;'Drdk u&ufwpfygwD(r-v-'-y)wGif A[dkOuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJh
onf?
17? armifawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;azmfaZmftmarmuf/ trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD?
OD;azmfaZmftmarmufonf armifawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdk

u&ufwpfygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(24881)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(42²73)jzifh
a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? armif;awm+rdK@e,f/ tdwmvsmaus;¶Gmtkyfpk/ bmqlb¶GmZmwdjzpfonf?
tz OD;r[mrufumvl/ trd a':0kvfar&fwdk@rS 1941 ckEpS fwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? arG;csif;(7)a,mufteuf 'kwd,
ajrmufom;jzpfonf? OD;azmfaZmftmarmufonf 1960 jynfhESpfwGif armif;awmtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS
wef;jrifhausmif;xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yGJ atmifjrifcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfwGif e,fjcm;a'otkyfcsKyfa&;Xme.
- 215 -
ar,ke,fjcm;c¶dkif0efvufatmufwGif pma&;0efxrf;/ xdk@aemuf jynfol@aumifpD¶Hk;/ taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;
pD;XmewGif txufwef;pma&;/ ¶Hk;tkyfpma&;}uD;tjzpf armif;awm/ bl;oD;awmif/ ausmufawmf/ ausmufjzL/
awmifukwfESifh ppfawG+rdK@rsm;wGif tr_xrf;cJhonf? txufwef;a¶S@aepmar;yGJajzqdkatmifjrifcJhojzifh 1985
ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJh+yD;/ a¶S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif¶GuftoufarG;cJhonf? trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;
'Drdku&ufwpfygwDwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf?
18? rmefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;odef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;odef;armifonf rmefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

OD;0HxD;atmif.om;jzpfonf? 1951 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (9)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? armif;awm+rdK@e,f/ ukef;
wef&Gmawmifydkif;Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;odef;armifonf q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? ausmif;rSxGufI
rdbESifhtwl v,f,mvkyfief;vkyfudkifI tdrfaxmifus+yD;aomtcg aps;onfvkyfief;jzihftoufarG;cJhonf?
jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDokd@0if+yD; uvmyfpnf;acgif;aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@0ifa&muf+yD; 1989 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (18)&ufae@rSpI rmefatmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf?
19? ajryHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;jzLpdefOD;/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;jzLpdefOD;onf ajryHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(10763)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(43²0)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;armifjzL
.om;jzpfonf? 1934 ckESpf/ rwfv (3)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? ajryHk+rdK@e,f/ =uufa&u|ef;aus;¶GmZmwdjzpf
onf? OD;jzLpdef OD;onf 1954 ckESpfwGif =uufa&u|ef;aus;¶Gmrlvwef;ausmif;rS rlvwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1962
ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfwGif ausmif;q&mtjzpftr_xrf;cJhI 1978-79
ckESpfwGif 'DyDtD;'DbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? txufwef;jyausmif;q&mtjzpf(2)ESpftr_xrf;cJh+yD;aemuf 1988 ckESpf/ ZGefv
(22)&uf ae@wGifemrusef;yifpif,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS
1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (2)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1414)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
tjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
OD;apmjratmif/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;apmjratmifonf ajrmufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(17322)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²09)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
tz OD;apmvSatmif/ trd a':oef;pHOD;wdk@rS 1908 ckESpf/ {+yDv (23)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ajrmufOD;+rdK@Zm
wdjzpfonf? OD;apmjratmifonf ajrmufOD;+rdK@Y rlvwef;/ ppfawG+rdK@Y tv,fwef;/ &efukef+rdK@Y txufwef;
- 216 -
ynmrsm;oif,latmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1942 ckESpf/ 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;jzpfyGm;onfhtcsdeftxd &efukef+rdK@wGif aq;
ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1943 ckESpfwGif tdENd,EdkifiH/ bHkab+rdK@Y aq;ynmbmom&yfrsm;qufvufoif=um;cJh
&m 1947 ckESpf/ arvwGif q&m0efbGJ@/ trfbDbDtufpf(bHkab)&¶SdcJhonf? 1947 ckESpfrSpI EdkifiH0efxrf;tjzpf
(2)ESpfaqmif¶GufcJh+yD;/ +AdwdefEdkifiHwGif (4)ESpf=um vufawG@tr_xrf;&if; aq;ynmbmom&yfrsm;qufvuf
oif=um;cJh&m bGJ@vGef'Dyvdkrm'DpDtdwfcsfbGJ@(DCH)vef'efESifh tufzftm&fpDyDbGJ@(FRCP)*vyfpudk; yg&*lbGJ@
rsm;&¶SdcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrSpI EdkifiH0efxrf;/ 1955 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd rEWav;c¶dkif q&m0ef}uD;/ aq;¶Hk
tkyf}uD;/ orm;awmf}uD;ESifh rEWav;aq;wuU odkvf aq;ynmXmerª;/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd ¶dkx&D
toif; rEWav;XmecGJ OuUX/ &efukef+rdK@¶Sd &cdkif o[m,toif; OuUX/ &cdkif"rRm¶Hkaqmufvkyfa&; em,u/
1983 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd &efukef+rdK@ &cdkifo [m,toif; OuUX/ 1958 ckESpfwGif urBmhaq;ynm¶Sifrsm;
zvS,faomtpDtpOft& tar&duefEdkifiHwGif(2)vESifh +AdwdefEdkifiHwGif &ufowW(3)ywfwdwd avhvmcGif;&cJh
onf? 1972 ckESpfwGif w¶kwfjynfol@orRwEdkifiH.zdwf=um;csuft& yg&*lrsm;tzGJ@udkOD;aqmifI &ufowW (3)
ywfoGm;a&mufavhvmcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,l+yD;aemuf 1979 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd
a[mifaumif¶Sd aq;¶Hk}uD;(2)ckwGif oGm;a&muftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1982 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHjcm;rSjyefa&mufvm+yD;
aemuf &efukef+rdK@¶Sd A[ef;+rdK@e,fZD0dw'geoHCmhaq;¶HkESifh oDv¶Sifrsm;aq;¶HkwGif apwemorm;awmf}uD;
tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/
=o*kwfv (21)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJht+yD; ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkEdkifiHa&;ygwDacgif;aqmif
wOD;jzpfol OD;apmjratmiftm; zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwif bmv (17)&ufae@&ufpGJ
jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDrS a'gufwmOD;apmjratmiftm; jynfol@v$wfawmf OuUX tjzpf
a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufvdkufa=umif;a=unmcJhonf? zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&&mrS 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv
(13) &ufae@wGif jyefvGwfonf?
OD;atmifvSZH/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmifvSZHonf ajrmufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

ajrmufOD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cspfapmOD;/ trd a':pHomjzLwdk@rS 1927 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufae@
wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmifvSZHonf ajrmufOD;+rdK@/ pyg;qdyftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ ajrmufOD;+rdK@ jrefrmtpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;/ ppfawG+rdK@ tpdk;&aemfrefausmif;/ &efukefwuUodkvfwdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ ul;oef;
a&mif;0,fa&;0dZ…m(bDuGrf;)bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfwGif ausmufawmf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; ausmif;
tkyf}uD;/ 1955 ckESpfwGif A[dkpm&if;tif;ESifhpD;yGm;a&;Xme pm&if;tif;t&m¶Sd/ xdk@aemuf tvkyfrSEkwfxGufI
1956 ckESpfwGif OD;atmifvSZHynmoifausmif;udk wnfaxmifcJhonf?
22? &aohawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;armifºuGif;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armifºuGif;atmifonf &aohawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(7310)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(37²25)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? &aohawmif+rdK@e,f/ jrif;uHanmif;Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausmfZHatmif/ trd
- 217 -
a':vSaemfOD;wkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;armifºuGif;atmifonf uHjyif
aus;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ xlaxmifaus;&Gmtpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ ppfawG+rdK@OD;atmifvSZH tvGwf
ynmoifausmif; wkd@wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ e0rwef;wGifausmif;rSxGufcJhonf? ukefonftjzpftoufarG;
onf? &aohawmif +rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
23? &aohawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;OD;omEdk@/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;OD;omEdk@onf &aohawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

tz OD;aumif;pH¶SD/ trd a':ESif;omjzLwdk@rS 1934 ckESpf/ arv (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ppfawG+rdK@e,f/
qwf¶dk;usta¶S@buf¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;OD;omEdk@onf qwf¶dk;usta¶S@rlvwef;ausmif;/ 1951 ckESpfwGif
vrf;rawmfajrmuftv,fwef;ausmif;ESifh ppfawG+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wdk@wGif 1952 ckESpf
txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? ppfawG+rdK@ ausmif;om;or*~ESifhvli,ftpnf;t¶Hk; twGif;a&;rª;/ 1958 ckESpfwGif
w&m;a&;0ef}uD;Xme/ udk,f&Hawmf&Jtkyftjzpf acwWtr_xrf;cJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif ppfawGjrLeDpDy,fa¶G;
aumufyGJwGifta¶G;cHcJh&onf? 1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (21)&ufae@wGif qGD'ifEdkifiH/ AGefrm;pApf+rdK@Y jynfaxmif
pkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyefvnfjyifqifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;
tjzpfwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (7)&ufae@wGif tdkif,mvefEdkifiH/ 'AŠvif
+rdK@Y !Gef@aygif;tpdk;& jyefvnfjyifqifzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg Xmevufudkifr¶Sd0ef}uD;jzpfvmcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/
rwfv (23)&ufae@ tar&duefEdkifiH/ 0g¶Sifwef+rdK@awmfwGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&
tzGJ@ jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;csdeftxd 0ef}uD;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf?
24? &rf;+AJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;jrarmifonf &rf;+AJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(28322)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(79²43)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;zkd;
wif/ trd a':apmjrOD;wkd@rS 1938 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;jrarmifonf &rf;+AJ+rdK@
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS 1958 ckESpfwGif ausmif;xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yJGatmifjrifcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS
1988 ckESpftxd ynma&;XmewGif tv,fwef;jyq&mtjzpf tESpf(30)cef@tr_xrf;cJhonf? 1957 ckESpfwGif
&rf;+AJ+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; ausmif;om;or*~tvkyftr_aqmif/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd &rf;+AJ
+rdK@tmp&d,or*~ tvkyftr_aqmif/ &rf;+AJ+rdK@ynma&;Xme aiGpkaiGacs;toif; b¾ma&;rSL;/ &rf;+AJ+rdK@e,f
Ak'<bmomvli,frsm;toif; twGif;a&;rSL;/ wkduf(7)awmifbk&m;a*gyu twGif;a&;rSL;/ +rdK@rpm=unfhwkduf
OuUX/ ykvkyfawmiftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif; rdbq&mtoif; OuUX wm0efwkd@tjyif 1350 jynfh(1988
ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@jy,m,DtkyfcsKyfa&; OuUX/ oydwfwyfzJG@ OuUX tjzpfaqmif
&GufcJhonf? jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;umvtwGif; OD;ausmfat;.aetdrfzsufqD;&mwGif yg0ifonf
[ktpGyfpJGcH&+yD; (7)vcef@zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &cdkifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;
tzGJ@0ifESifh &rf;+AJ+rdK@e,f OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf?
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25? oHwGJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;xGef;&D/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;xGef;&Donf oHwGJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(36789)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;979²28)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? uif;armf
Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;tkef;az/ trd a':pdeftdwkd@rS 1947 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (17)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
OD;xGef;&Donf 1968 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H(ocsFm)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ajrwkdif;OD;pD;XmewGif
1969 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd Xmepdwfrª;/ zD*sDEkdifiH ukvor*~zHG@òzd;a&;tpDtpOfvufatmufwGif 1981 ckESpfrS
1985 ckESpftxd ajrwdkif;t&m&Sd/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd yg&*l/ xdk@aemuf ukefonfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJh
onf? tar&duefjynfaxmifpkodk@w&m;0ifEdkifiHul;vufrSwfjzifhxGufcGmvmcJh+yD;aemuf tar&duefEdkifiHwGif
aexdkifcGifha¶Smufxm;+yD; aexdkifonf?
26? trf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;ae0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ae0if;onf trf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(13379)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²08)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? trf;+rdK@
Zmwddjzpfonf? tz OD;aeOD;/ trd a':raomif;wkd@rS 1947 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ae0if;onf 1963 ckESpfrS
1979 ckESpftxd trf;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1984 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbJG@udk pdwf
ynmt"dujzihf&¶SdcJhonf? a&$yef;xdrfvkyfief;jzihfhtoufarG;onf? 1984 ckESpfwGif a':atmifrkd;wifhESifhvuf
xyfcJhonf?
(12) &efukefwdkif;?
awmifbufwGif uy`vDyifv,f/ ta¶S@bufwGif rGefjynfe,f/ ta¶S@awmifbufwGif rkwWrauG@/

ajrmufbufwGif yJcl;wdkif;/ taemufbufwGif {&m0wDwdkif;wdk@wnf¶Sdonf?
&efukefwdkif;wGif +rdK@e,f(42)+rdK@e,f¶SdrJqENe,f(61)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(46)cktm;udk,fpm;

jyK,SOf+ydKifolv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(379)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(21)OD;/ pkpk
aygif;(400)OD;0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(59)ae&m/ 'Drdkua&pDygwD/ 'Drdku&ufwpf
bGJ@&ESifhausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@wdk@rS(1)ae&mpDtoD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?
1? urm&Gwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;0ef(rif;ok0%f)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
uAsmq&m}uD;rif;ok0%ftrnfjzifh xif¶Sm;aom 0Àausmfxif oD&dysHcsD OD;0ef r[m0dZ…m(&efukef)/

B. Litt (OXON)onf urm¶Gwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,frS trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if
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a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(23345)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²95)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1909 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (10)&uf (Ak'<[l;)ae@wGif [Hom0wDc¶dkif/ uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@/ awmifzufurf;ta¶S@ydkif;
wGif ukefonfrsm;jzpf=uaom tz OD;vGrf;yif/ trd a':rdwdk@rSarG;zGm;cJhonf? arG;csif;(7)a,mufteuf 'kwd,
ajrmufjzpf+yD; rGef-jrefrm rsdK;¶dk;jzpfonf? 1916 ckESpfwGif uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@/ =um;ausmif;ac: a¶$usifausmif;wdkuf
(q&mOD;zdk;vd_ifausmif;)wGif jrefrmpmpwifoif,lonf? ausmif;tkyfq&mawmfrSm OD;ÁEN0HojzpfI qXrwef;
txdaecJhonf? 1921 ckESpf/ ZGefv (21)&ufae@wGif uGr;f +cHukef;+rdK@ trsdK;om;ausmif;zGifhaomtcg =um;
ausmif;rSxGufI trsdK;om;ausmif;opfwGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm (2)bmompwifoif,lcJhonf? uAsma&;enf;udk
ausmif;aezuf OD;tmumoef;xHrSoif,cl Jhonf? qXrwef;txdaecJhonf? 1923 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (30)&uf
ae@wGif &efukef+rdK@/ q&mrSwf}uD;ausmif;ac: pdef*|ef;ausmif;wGif yOPrwef;odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? 1926 ckESpf/
rwfvwGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm tv,fwef; paumvm;¶Spfpmar;yGJwGif pwkwˆ&I atmifjrifcJhonf? tXrwef;
rSpI q&mrSwf}uD;tdyfaqmifwGif y&Dzufac: ausmif;om;rª;vkyfcJh&onf? usHK;}uD;vrf;/ rif;}uD;uawmf
a':jrar. Ak'<bmom rdef;uav;ausmif;wGifzGifhonfh nausmif;Y tywfwdkif; tvSnfhuspmoifay;cJh&onf?
1929 ckESpf/ rwfvwGifusi;f yaom q,fwef;pmar;yGJudk yx0Dbmom*k%fxl;jzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? ZGefvwGif
,leDAmpDwDaumvdyfodk@ wufa&mufcJhonf? yJcl;ausmif;aqmif tv,fxyf tcef;trSwf(91)wGifaecJhonf?
1930 jynfhESpfY Oypmwef;wGif py,f¶S,fausmif;om;tjzpf ta¶G;cH&I wESpftwGif;wGif 1930 jynfhESpf/ rwf
vwGifusif;yaom Oypmtxufwef;pmar;yGJudk ajzqdkatmifjrifcJhonf? ,if;ESpf rdk;&moDxkwf aumvdyfr*~
Zif; twGJ(20)/ trSwf(1)wGif uAsmrsm; pwifxnfhoGif;azmfjyjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1931 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif usif;y
aom yxrESpf0dZ…m(jrefrmpm*k%fxl;) tprf;pmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? xdkESpfwGifrdbrsm;pD;yGm;ysufI ausmif;
rSxGuf+yD; uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@ trsdK;om;ausmif;wGif ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD;0ifvkyfcJhonf? uav;uAsmrsm;udk
pwifa&;om;cJhonf? wuUodkvfzGifhonfhtcg ygarmuQOD;azarmifwifrSjyefac:I tvkyfrSxGuf+yD; wuUodkvf
jyefwufcJhonf? 1933 ckESpf/ rwfvwGifusif;yaom 0dZ…m*k%fxl;wef;udk jrefrmpm yxrtqifhjzifhatmif
jrifcJhonf? 1933 ckESpf/ ZGefvrS 1935 ckESpf/ arvtxd jrefrmpmXmewGif tcsdefydkif;enf;jyq&m0ifvkyfcJh
onf? yJcl;aqmifwGifvnf; ausmif;aqmifenf;jyq&mvkyfcJh+yD; r[m0dZ…mwef;odk@ tcsdefydkif;wufa&mufcJh
onf? 1935 ckESpf/ rwfvwGifusif;yaom r[m0dZ…m jrefrmpm*k%fxl;pmar;yGJudk 'kwd,tqifhjzifh atmif
jrifcJhonf? tcsdefjynfhenf;jyq&mtjzpfcef@tyfjcif;cHcJh&I yif;,ausmif;aqmifodk@ajymif;+yD; ausmif;aqmif
enf;jyq&mtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? tqdkygESpfrsm;wGif wuUodkvfausmif;wdkufjrefrmtoif; twGif;
a&;rª;/ wuUodkvfAk'<bmomtoif; twGif;a&;rª;/ aumvdyfr*~Zif; jrefrmydkif;t,f'Dwm/ *EWavmur*~Zif;
t,f'DwmvkyfcJhonf? wuUodkvfausmif;wdkufAk'<bmomtoif;tm; wuUodkvfAk'<bmomtoif;jzpf
atmifaqmif¶GufI "rRm¶Hktkwfjrpfcs&mwGifyg0ifco Jh nf? 1936 ckESpf/ pufwifbm vwGifynmoifqk&I
t*FvefEdkifiH atmufpzdk@wuUodkvfodk@oGm;a&mufynmoif=um;cJhonf? pdefuufo&if;ausmif;wGif ouUÉ/
ygÏd/ wdAuf/ taxGaxGbmomaA'ynm&yfrsm;udkoif,lcJhonf? 1938 ckESpf/ atmufwdk bmvwGif vef'ef
wuUodkvf ta¶S@wdkif;ESifhtmz&dubmom&yfrsm;avhvma&;ausmif; (School of Oriental and African
Studies) odk@ajymif;a¶$@ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1939 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (15)&uf ae@wGifusif;yaom atmufpzdk@
wuUodkvfbGJ@ESif;obifwGif bDvpf(B. Litt.)ac:pmay0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? t*FvefEdkifiHYynmoif=um;aepOf
twGif; EdkifiHa&;a[majymyGJrsm;odk@wufa&mufjcif;/ EdkifiHa&;pmay toif;0iftjzpf zwf¶_avhvmaqG;aEG;jcif;/
*smreD/ tDwvD/ jyifopfEdkifiHrsm;odk@oGm;a&muf+yD; rdrEd dkifiHvGwfvyfa&;vrf;ptjzpf EdkifiHa&;A[kokwrsm;udk
¶SmrSD;um jrefrmEdkifiHodk@ rsdK;cspfpdwf"mwf¶Sda&;uAsmpmayrsm;udk a&;om;ay;ydk@cJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;&¶Sdaom
tcg vGwfvyfa&;a=unmcsufpmwrf;udk ynm¶Sifrsm;ESifh yl;aygif; a&;om;cJhonf? 1939 ckESpf/ pufwifbm
vwGif jrefrmEdkifiHodk@jyefvnfa&muf¶SdcJhonf? atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@wGif wuUodkvfjrefrmpmXmeY
vufaxmufuxdutjzpf tr_xrf;cJhonf? jrefrmEdkifiHynmjyef@yGm;a&;toif;aumfrwD0iftjzpfvnf;
aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1942 ckESpf/ 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;twGif;wGif ynma&;Xme bmomjyefpmayXmecGJwGif
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tr_xrf;cJhonf? ynmhwHcGeftoif;/ tbd"mefvkyfief;udkOD;aqmifvkyfudkif&efcef@xm;jcif;cH&ojzifh Zefe0g&Dv
(10)&ufae@wGif uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@wGif pwifjyKpkcJhonf? 1945 ckESpf/ {+yDv (7)&ufae@wGif ppfab;tEW&m,f
a=umifh tbd"mefvkyfief;udk acwW&yfqdkif;cJh&onf? +Adwdo#rsm;jyefa&mufI tkyfcsKyfa&;udkjyefvnfvkyfaqmif
aomtcg uGrf;+cHukef;ajrmufydkif;wGif +rdK@tkyfcef@xm;ojzifh(2)vcef@vkyfudkifcJhonf? =o*kwfv (6)&ufae@wGif
&efukef+rdK@/ r*dkvrf;wGif ta&;ay:wuUodkvfoifwef;rsm;zGifhI jrefrmpmvufaxmufuxdutjzpf 0ifa&muf
vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1946 ckESpf/ ZGefv (1)&ufae@wGif uxdutjzpfwdk;jr‡ifhcef@xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1947 ckESpfwGif
tdENd,EdkifiH/ a'vD+rdK@wGifusif;yaom tm¶SwdkufqufqHa&;nDvmcHodk@ 0wfvHkawmf&OD;ausmfjrifh acgif;aqmif
aomtzGJ@ESifhwufa&mufcJhonf? xdkESpf jrefrmEdkifiHbmomjyefpmaytoif; jzpfay:vmaomtcg a0g[m&
aumfrwDwGif0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1948 ckESpf/ ZGefv (1)&ufae@wGif &efukefwuUodkvf bmomjyef
ESifhpmtkyfxkwfa0a&;XmezGifhvSpf+yD; Xmerª;tjzpfaqmif¶GufI tbd"mefvkyfief;jyefvnfvkyfudkifcJhonf? xdkESpf
twGif;wGif jrefrmEdkifiHtajccHOya' jrefrmpmpmrludk ppfaq;avhvmt}uHay;cJh&onf? jrefrmEdkfifiHokawoe
toif;tr_aqmiftzGJ@wGif 0ifa&mufaqmif¶GufcJhonf? xdktoif;*sme,fwGif pmwnf;tjzpfvkyfcJhonf?
1952 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk/ e,l;a[Aif+rdK@a,;vfwuUodkvfwGif ajcmufvcef@ bmomaA'ynm
qnf;yl;cJhonf? 1953 ckESpf/ ZGefv (1)&ufae@wGif &efukefwuUodkvf bmomjyefESifhpmtkyfxkwfa0a&;Xme
wGif pmwnf;rª;tjzpfwdk;jr‡ifhcef@xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1957 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmvwGif jrefrmEdkifiH,Ofaus;r_
udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ESifhtwl w¶kwfjynfol@orRwEdkifiH/ qdkAD,uf¶k¶Sm;/ ydkvef/ csufudkpvdkAufuD;,m;/ ta¶S@
*smreDEdkifiHrsm;odk@oGm;a&mufcJhonf? wdydÉu ygÏd-jrefrmtbd"mefvkyfief;/ rGef-jrefrmtbd"mefvkyfief;rsm;
wGif 0ifa&mufulnDcJhonf? pmayAdrmef. jrefrmhpG,fpHkusrf;tzGJ@/ pmayqkay;a&;tzGJ@/ okcrdeftzGJ@/ yefwsm
rlrSefjyKvkyfa&;aumfrDwD/ ydÉuwfawmfjrefrmjyefaumfrwD/ Oya'bmomjyefaumfrwDwdk@wGif 0ifa&muf
aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1961 ckESpf/ rwfv (1)&ufae@rS 1962 ckESpf/ arv (12)&ufae@txd wuUodkvfjrefrmpm
XmewGif ygarmuQtjzpftr_xrf;cJhonf? atmufwdkbmvwGif jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ESifhtwl
w¶kwfjynfol@orRwEdkifiHodk@oGm;a&mufcJhonf? wuUodkvfpmtkyfxkwfa0jzef@csad &;aumfrDwD OuUX/ jrefrmEdkifiH
ordkif;aumfr¶SiftzGJ@0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1962 ckESpf/ arv (13)&ufae@wGif ygarmuQ&mxl;udkpGef@
v$wf+yD;/ bmomjyefESifhpmtkyfxkwfa0a&;XmewGif jyefvnftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiH
pmrwwfolyaysmufa&;twGuf ouf}uD;pmoifenf;(0-x-u-v-o enf;)udkwDxGifcJhonf? 1968 ckESpf
wGif wuUodkvfbmomjyefESifh pmtkyfxkwfa0a&;Xme pmwnf;rª;tjzpfrSt+idrf;pm;,lcJhI ynma&;Xmetxl;
t&m¶Sdtjzpf qufvufaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHokawoetoif; ESpf(60) jynfhESpf
wGif toif;. OuUX tjzpfa¶G;cs,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1971 ckESpf/ arv (31)&ufae@wGif ynma&;t&m¶Sdtjzpf
rStem;,lcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd *syefEdkifiH/ tdkqmumEdkifiHjcm; bmomoifwuUodkvfY
{nfhygarmuQtjzpf oGm;a&mufwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? OD;0ef(rif;ok0%f)onf tdkqmum+rdK@rS jrefrmwOD;
trnfjzifh *syefwdkif;(rf)owif;pmY 'kwd,urBmppftwGif; jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; epfemcsufESifhywfoufI
tcsuf(2)csuf wifjycJhonf? yxrtcsufrSm *syefwdk@onf 'kwd,urBmppftwGif;u olwdk@.&efoljzpfaom
t*Fvdyf/ tar&duef/ =opawvs ppfoHk@yef;rsm;xJrS ppf+yD; ESpf(30)t=um usef&pfcJholrsm;udkzdwf=um;I
aorif;wrefvrf;[kac:wGifonfh auG;jrpfwHwm;vrf;azmufvkyf&mY apcdkif;cJhjcif;twGuf 0rf;enf;a=umif;
awmif;yefum *k%fjyKyGJjyKvkyfcJhaomfvnf;/ xdkvrf;azmufvkyf&mY rw&m;apcdkif;jcif;cHcJh&aom jrefrmrsm;udkrl
*k%fjyK&ef arhaysmufcsefvSyfcJhjcif;rSm rw&m;a=umif; wifjycJhonf? 'kwd,tcsufrSm *syef{u&mZf [D¶dk[Dwdk
taejzifh ppftwGif;u &efoljzpfcJh&aom tar&dueftpdk;&xH ppfjzpfonfhudpPwGif rdrdryg0ifa=umif; rsuf&nf
cHxdk; awmif;yefaernfhtpm; rdrdwdk@EdkifiH}uD;rsm;a=umifh jzpfyGm;cJh&aom ppfyGJY "m;pmcHjzpfcJh&aom jrefrm
EdkifiHtygt0if EdkifiHi,fav;rsm;odk@ pdwfraumif;a=umif;ajym=um;cJhv#if cH&olrsm;bufrS tcH&oufomrnf
jzpfa=umif; wifjya&;om;cJhonf? xdkodk@ acwftqufquf trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;udk pmayuÀrS tpOfwpdkuf
}udK;yrf;vkyfaqmifcJhaom OD;0ef(rif;ok0%f)onf 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk
- 221 -
}uD;rS aygufzGm;vmcJhonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; pwifzGJ@pnf;csdefrSpwifI tm;ay;axmufcHcJh
onf? OD;0ef(rif;ok0%f)onf 1933 ckEpS fwGif jrefrmpm 0dZ…m*k%fxl;wef;udk yxrwef;rS xl;c|efpGmatmifjrif
ojzifh Jamsheji Medal qkwHqdyf&¶SdcJhonf? xdk@jyif r[m0dZ…m/ bDvpf(atmufpzdk@)/ 0Àausmfxif(1950
ckESpf)/ oD&dysHcsD(1962 ckESpf)wdk@&¶SdcJhonf? rsufrjrifpmopfudkOD;aqmifwnfxGio
f l/ acwf opfuav;uAsmudk
pwifzGJ@qdkoljzpfonf? ppftpdk;&. zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh 1992 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS
E_wfxGufcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (15)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@aetdrfY uG,fvGefonf?
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; OD;0ef(rif;ok0%f). &yfwnfcsuf

(1) jynfolwdk@. qENESifhtnD tajccH vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;udk tmrcHrnfh ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pD
EdkifiHawmfopf xlaxmifa&;?
(2) jynfolwpf&yfvHk;. tusdK;pD;yGm;udk xm0pOf OD;xdyfyefqifa&;?
(3) wdkif;&if;om;jynfolwpf&yfvHk;ESifh EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;. om,m0ajymr_ESifh zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufr_wdk@udk }udK;
yrf;azmfaqmifa&;?
(4) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX OD;wifOD; ESifh taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@.
acgif;aqmifr_udkcH,lI w&m;r#w/ vGwfvyfaom a¶G;aumufyGJodk@ +idrf;csrf;pGm a¶S;¶_csDwufa&;?
(5) rdrdwdk@tzGJ@0ifrsm;. pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfr_tiftm;jzifh jynfoltaygif;udk vufwGJum/ a¶G;aumufyGJwGif
wpfcJeuf atmifyGJcHa&;?
“vli,fa&mifawmuf pdefcarmuf”
aeylr_udkvnf; olra¶Smif
rdk;¶Gmr_udkvnf; olra¶Smif
wdk@wpfawG csrf;omr_udk
usdK;jyK¶Gufaqmif? ?
=unfndKr_&,fESifh
0dkif;pk=u vlv,facgif
0if;ajymifvdk@ a&mifawmuf? ?
aemifa&;udkar#mf
atmifaw;wpfa=umfa=umfESifh
EdkifiHawmf omapa=umif;[mrdk@
wdk@wpfawG qkrGefawmif;vdk@&,f
atmifoajy anmifa&avmif;umygh
aqmif;=u carmuf? ?
rif;ok0%f
¡ a¶G;aumufyGJ t}udKumv q&m}uD;rif;ok0%f. rJqG,fpnf;¶Hk;a&; vufurf;pmapmifrS ² ² ² ¢
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OD;0ef (rif;ok0%f)
touf(96)ESpf
&efukef+rdK@/ trSwf 18/ xGef;vif;&dyfom/ urm¶Gwf+rdK@e,fae a':=unf=unf.cifyGef;/ OD;Om%fpdk;-
a':wifrr/ OD;xifausmf-a':pkpkvGif/ a':xm;csdK-OD;ausmfbkef;jrifhwdk@.zcif/ (a':wifEk).armif/ (OD;xGef;=unf)/
a':&ifEk(Ek,Of)-¡OD;tkef;az(c)wufwdk;¢wdk@.tpfudkonf 15-8-2004 &uf(we*FaEGae@) eHeuf 11;30 em&D
wGif aetdrf(oajyndK)Y uG,fvGefoGm;ygI 17-8-2004 &uf(t*Fgae@) rGef;vGJ 2 em&DwGif a&a0;okomefY
*loGif;o+*õK[frnfjzpfyga=umif; aqGrsdK;rdwfo*F[taygif;tm; today;ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf?
usef&pfolrdom;pk
2? aumhrª;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;baqG(ajrmif;jr-baqG)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;baqG(ajrmif;jrbaqG)onf aumhr–;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? tz OD;bausmf(uG,fvGef)/ trd a':at;=unf(uG,fvGef)wkd@rS 1931 ckESpfwGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? ajrmif;jr
+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? v,form;rsdK;¶dk;jzpfI Ak'<bmom0ifjzpfonf? OD;baqG(ajrmif;jrbaqG)onf ajrmif;jr+rdK@
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif (10)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? (13)ESpfom;t¶G,fwGif ajrmif;jr+rdK@
tm&Svli,ftpnf;t¶Hk;0ifjzpfvmum/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&;Y yg0ifcJhonf? (16)ESpfom;t¶G,fwGif jynfol@
&Jabmftaejzifh vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJYyg0ifcJhonf? trsdK;om;acgif;aqmif}uD;/ vGwfvyfa&;Adokum}uD;/
wyfrawmfzcif}uD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;OD;aqmifonfh z-q-y-v tzGJ@wGifyg0if+yD;/ wdkif;jynfjyefvnfxl
axmifa&;Y aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1948-49 ckESpfwGif &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifAdkvfrif;acgif;. ta&;ay:vufeufudkif
wyfzJG@0if/ xkdrS c¶dkif0ef¶Hk; pma&;/ rlvwef;ausmif;q&m/ owif;axmuf/ pma&;q&m/ t,f'DwmESifh
usL&Sifq&m(t*Fvdyfpm)tjzpf toufarG;0rf;a=umif;jyKcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfwGif &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifAdkvfr–;
atmif(jynfol@v$wfawmf OuUX}uD;ESifh umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;a[mif;)/ pma&;q&m}uD;&efukefbaqG(uG,fvGef)
wkd@ESifhtwl jynfyodk@xGufcGmI r-q-v tpdk;&tm; vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;qifE$JcJhonf? jynfywGif
0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif;OD;EkOD;pD;aom ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwDwGif A[dkaumfrwD0ifjzpfI jynfcspfvGwfajrmufa&;
wyfrawmfY Adkvfr–;jzpfcJhonf? &JabmfoHk;usdyf0if AdkvfvusFm(usqHk;/ 'kwd,0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif;)/ &Jabmf
oHk;usdyf0if Adkvf&efEdkif(uG,fvGef)/ Adkvfrª;csKyfa[mif; apm=um'dk;wdk@ uGyfuJonfh a¶S@wef;ppfqifa&;XmecsKyf
wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHawmfaumifpDa=unmcsuf(1)t& jynfyrS jrefrmEdkifiHodk@
jyefvmcJhonf? r-q-v wpfygwD tpdk;&tm;qef@usifr_jzifh 1967 ckESpf/ w&kwf - Armta&;tcif;wGif (1)
}udrf/ 1974 ckESpf/ OD;oef@ta&; tcif;wGif (1)}udrf/ 1977 ckESpfwGif yk'fr 124 (u)jzifh (1)}udrf/ (3)}udrf
axmifoGif;tusOf;csxm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? uavmifjzifhvnf;aumif;/ vufeufjzifhvnf;aumif;/ 'Drdkua&pDjzifh
vnf;aumif;/ r-q-v wpfygwDtpdk;&tm; (26)ESpfvHk;vHk; awmfvSefcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/
jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif aumhr–;+rdK@e,fY oydwfacgif;aqmifwOD;tjzpfyg0ifcJhonf? 'Drdkua&pD
udk toufESifhxyfwlcspfjrwfEdk;I aumhr;ª +rdK@e,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfudk pwiftajcpdkufcJhaom acgif;
aqmifjzpfonf? xdkif;EdkifiH/ avmEdkifiHESifh uarBm'D;,m;EdkifiHrsm;odk@ a&mufbl;aebl;onf? ZeD; a':cif0if;aqG/
om; ausmfaqG0if;(tmvl;)wkd@ESifhtwl aumhr–;+rdK@wGif tajccsaexdkifonf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6)
&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS &efukefwdkif;ppfXmecsKyfvufatmufcH oHv#if+rdK@/ trSwf(90)ajcv#ifwyf&if;
wGifzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf?
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3? ausmufwHwm;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;wifpdk;(py,fOD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
ODwifpdk;onf ausmufwHwm;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

tz OD;cspf/ trd a':jrcifwdk@rS 1941 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? {&m0wDwdkif;/ ig;odkif;
acsmif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;wifpkd;onff 1946 ckESpfwiG f &efukef+rdK@/ aq;u&uf[wf(pdef@aygvf)ausmif;wGif
pwifausmif;aecJhonf? 1948-49 ckESpfwGif rdbrsm; pD;yGm;a&;tqifrajyojzifh xdkausmif;rSxGufcJh+yD;/
&efukef+rdK@/ armfwifvrf;/ tpdk;&jrrmvmtv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;ajymif;ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1951
ckESpfwGif zcifuG,fvGefI rdcifESifhtwl pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif ulnDvkyfudkifay;cJh&onf? 1956 ckESpfwGif
A[dktpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;odk@ ajymif;a¶$@ynmoif=um;&if;/ pD;yGm;a&;owif;pmwdkufwGif jyef=um;a&;
0ef}uD;XmerSxkwfjyefonfh owif;jyef=um;csufrsm; oGm;a&muf,l&onfh atmufajctvkyform;b0/ vpm
aiG(60d§-)pm; tvkyfudk pwif0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfESifh 1959 ckESpfwdk@wGif A[dktrsdK;om;
txufwef;ausmif;rS 'orwef;udk (2)}udrfajzqdkcJhaomfvnf; ratmifojzifh ausmif;rSxGufcJhonf? 1958
ckESpfwGif OD;atmifjrif(q&m+rdK@rarmif).ac:,lr_a=umifh &efukefowif;pmwdkufodk@ ajymif;a¶$@vkyfudkifcJhonf?
xdk@aemuf oHr%dowif;pm/ ta&;ay:owif;pm/ v#yfppfowif;pm/ jynfausmfowif;pm/ rD;'kwfowif;pm
rsm;wGif (pmjyif/ zdkrif/ vufaxmuft,f'Dwm/ t,f'Dwm)tqifhtxd ‚if;.}uDK;pm;r_rsm;a=umifh q&m
orm;rsm;u wdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1960 jynfhESpfwGif owif;pmvkyfief;rsm;rSwqifh ¶_r0
OD;ausmfuac:,lojzifh ¶_r0r*~Zif;wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1962 ckESpfwGif aiGwm&Dr*~Zif;wdkufrsm;odk@vnf;aumif;
ajymif;a¶$@vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfwGif “py,fOD;pmayjzef@csda&;”udk udk,fydkifwnfaxmifI pmtkyfpmwrf;
rsm;pGm xkwfa0vkyfudkifcJhonf? “py,fOD;”jrefrm0wˆKwdkr*~Zif;udk 1984 ckESpf/ pufwifbmvrSpI pmwnf;
csKyftjzpf wnf;jzwfxkwfa0cJhonf? 1967 ckESpf/ arv (18)&ufae@rSpI 1968 ckESpf/ ZGefv (18)&ufae@txd
yk'fr(5)jzifh tif;pdeftusOf;axmifwGif (13)v=umr# zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988
ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif “pmayESifhtEkynm¶Sifrsm;tzGJ@”udk pwifzGJ@pnf;OD;aqmifol (5)
OD;xJwGif yg0ifcJh+yD;/ 'Drdkua&pDawmif;qdkqENjyyGJrsm;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (24)
&ufae@wGif &efukefjynfol@aq;¶Hk}uD;0if;twGif;Y pmayESifhtEkynm¶Sifrsm;tzGJ@rS a':atmifqef;pk=unf.
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif yxrqHk;vlxkw&m;yGJjzpfajrmufa&;wGif yg0ifOD;aqmifcJhonf? 1988 ckESpftwGif; jzpfay:cJh
onfh 'Drdkua&pDawmif;qdkyGJrsm;wGif qENjyr_rsm;udk wufºuGpGmtm;ay;ulnDcJh+yD;/ ppfwyfrStm%modrf;+yD;
aemufydkif;txd qufvufqENjyv_yf¶Sm;oltcsdK@udk ulnDyHhydk;cJhojzifh EdkifiHawmftm; aESmifh,SufzsufqD;vdkol
rsm;. ab;tEW&m,frS umuG,fapmifha¶Smufonfh Oya'jzifh 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (2)&ufae@rS
1989 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (19)&ufae@txd (Zm*em/ Zif0dkif;/ rdk;0if;)wdk@ESifhtwl zrf;qD;xdefodrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
ausmufwHwm;+rdK@e,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf trnfpm
&if;wifoGif;+yD;aemuf 1990 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (8)&ufae@rS (26)&ufae@txd xyfrHzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cH
cJh&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;aumfrwDwGif twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif
¶GufcJhonf? “py,fOD;”±kyf&Sif tpk&Sif/ OD;pD;/ 'g&kdufwmwifarmifpdk;trnfjzifh “tazwpfckom;wpfck”&kyf&Sif
&dkuful;cJhonf? (py,fOD;)OD;wifpdk;trnfjzifh vlodrsm;onf?
4? ausmufwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmoef;+idrf;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
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a'gufwmoef;+idrf;onf ausmufwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ausmufwef;+rdK@e,f/ caemif&GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1937 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (5)&ufae@zGm;
jzpfonf? OD;armifpdef.om;jzpfonf? a'gufwmoef;+idrf;onf +rdK@rtxufwef;ausmif;(&efukef)rS wuUodkvf
0ifwef;atmifjrifI &efukefaq;wuUodkvfrS 1963 ckESpfwGif q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpf
txd usefrma&;OD;pD;Xme vufaxmufq&m0ef/ +rdK@e,fq&m0ef/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd oD&dvuFm
EdkifiHwGif ukvor*~apwemh0efxrf;q&m0ef/ 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif
ygI tvkyfrSt+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf udk,fydkifaq;ukcef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1997 ckESpf/
azazmf0g&Dv (21)&ufae@wGif omauw&Jpcef;rS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJh+yD;/ 1972 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH
jynfol@usef;rma&;qdkif&mOya' yk'fr 9 (1)(*)t& tr_zGifhta&;,ljcif;cHcJh&onf? 1997 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbm
v (28)&ufae@wGif r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,ftzGJ@csKyf¶Hk;wGif tzGJ@csKyfvli,frsm;wm0efay;tyfjcif;tpnf;ta0; jyK
vkyf&efpDpOfcJh&m tpdk;&qef@usifa&;qlylv_yf¶Sm;r_jyKvkyf&efpDpOfcJhonf[kqdkum 1997 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (26)
&ufae@wGif &efukeftaemufydkif;c¶dkifw&m;¶Hk;Y 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)jzifh tr_
zGifhw&m;pGJqdkcJh+yD;/ 1997 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (9)&ufae@wGif tvkyfESifhaxmif'%f(7)ESpfcsrSwfcJhonf? 2004
ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (23) &ufae@wGif yk'fr 10 (u)jzifh aemufxyfjypf'%f &ufaygif;(60)csrSwfcJhonf?
5? ausmufwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;pdk;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pkd;!Gef@onf ausmufwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? 1936 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (18)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz ODay:v_dif.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdk;!Gef@onf
&efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(ordkif;)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? wyfrawmfrS 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;tqifhjzifh t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonff?
jynfwGif;tcGefOD;pD;Xme !¸ef=um;a&;r–;/ jrefrmhxkwfukefoGif;ukefaumfya&;&Sif; OD;aqmif!¸ef=um;a&;r–;
wm0efwkd@udk xrf;aqmifchJonf? r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX/ &efukefwdkif;pnf;
wm0efwkd@udk,lcJhonf? OD;pkd;!Gef@onf 1950 jy!fhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (u)(c)(n)t&
jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cHcJh&I a&G;aumufyJGOya'yk'fr 11 (n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
rSy,fzsufa=umif; aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpftwGif
usif;yrnfh a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
ESifh rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@wdk@u tzJG@0iftjzpfrSxkwfy,fcJonf?
6? =unfhjrifwdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;vSxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vSxGef;onf =unfhjrifwdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(26774)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(75²5)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? Arm/
Ak'<bmomrdbrsm;jzpfonfh tz OD;AsdKpdkif/ trd a':apm[efwdk@rS 1941 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;
zGm;cJhonf? urm¶Gwf+rdK@e,fZmwdjzpfonf? OD;vSxGef;onf 1966 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS
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0dZ…mbGJ@(pD;yGm;a&;ynm/ pm&if;tif;ynm/ ¶dk;¶dk;ocsFm/ t*Fvdyfpm)&¶SdcJhonf? 1961-62 ckESpfwGif
ynma&;wuUodkvf avhusifha&;ausmif;/ ausmif;om;or*~twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1965-66
ckESpfrS 1969-70 ckESpftxd vli,fa&;&mnausmif; vd_if+rdK@e,f tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)Y
apwemq&mtjzpf vkyftm;ay;cJhonf? 1986 ckESp/f arv (29)&ufae@wGif 'kwd,!¸ef=um;a&;r–;
tqifh(1)&mxl;jzifh pDrHudef;a&;qGJa&;OD;pD;Xme(pDrHudef;ESifhb¾ma&;0ef}uD;Xme)wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh
onf? 1986 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (15)&ufae@rS 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&ufae@txd {&m0wDwdkif;/
wkdif;pDrHudef;OD;pD;r–;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? jynfwGif;oifwef;rsm;tjzpf pDrHudef;u|rf;usifr_ tqifh
(2)/ oifwef;trSwfpOf(1)/ (pDrHudef;a&;qGJa&;OD;pD;Xme)ESifh v,f,mESifhaus;vufa'ozGH@+zdK;a&; &if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHr_
vkyfief;rsm;/ a¶G;cs,fowfrSwfjcif;/ tusdK;tjrwfoHk;oyfjcif;/ }uD;=uyfuGyfuJjcif;qdkif&mvkyfief;cGifoifwef;
rsm;odk@ wufa&mufcJhonf? jynfyoifwef;rsm;tjzpf ukvor*~pdkufysdK;a&;ESifhpm;eyf&duQmtzGJ@rS }uD;rª;usif;y
aom +AdwdefEdkifiH/ refcsufpwmwuUodkvfYzGifhvSpfonfh pdkufysdK;a&;ESifhaus;vufa'ozGH@+zdK; a&;pDrHcef@cGJr_
oifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? tD*spfEdkifiH/ udkif¶dk+rdK@wiG fusif;yaom v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;ESifhaus;vufa'ozGH@+zdK;
a&;oifwef;odk@ wufa&mufavhvmcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;
wGif ykodrf+rdK@/ +idrf;csrf;pGm vlxkqENazmfxkwfa&;aumfrwDwGif b¾ma&;rª;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJh+yD;/ ykodrf ta¶S@
ESifhtaemuf +rdK@e,fvHk;qdkif&m &[ef;¶Sifvl/ ausmif;om;/ ausmif;ol/ rdbjynfolwdk@. 'Drdkua&pDv_yf¶Sm;r_qEN
jyyGJudk pepfwus}uD;=uyfuGyfuJaqmif¶GufcJhjcif;/ {&m0wDwdkif; Xmeqdkif&m 0efxrf;aygif;pHkor*~ twGif;a&;rª;
(,m,D)tjzpf pnf;¶Hk;v_yf¶Sm;aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufae@wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;
jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23)&ufae@wGif tvkyfrSt+idrf;pm;ay;+yD;/ ykodrfaxmifrSjyefv$wf
ay;cJhonf? =unfhjrifwdkif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fO;D pD;tzJG@0ifESifh ukefoG,fpD;yGm;vkyf
ief;tzGJ@wGif tzJG@0iftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkukefoG,fpD;yGm;vkyfief;tzGJ@wGif
tzGJ@0iftjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,f
rJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fOD;bbGm;. aetdrfwGifðyvkyaf om ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;
a&; v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufI wufwufºuGºuGaqG;aEG;cJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv
(30)&ufae@u rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf±Hk;wGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&
zJG@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@vnf; wufa&mufI wufwufºuGºuGaqG;aEG;cJhonfh trmcH Hard Core
(6)OD;wGifyg0ifonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (1)&ufae@u rEWav;-ar+rdK@ um;vrf;ab; qefpuf
taqmufttHkwGifðyvkyfaom e,fpyfwae&mwGif ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;&efudpP v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@
vnf;wufa&mufcJhonf? &efukef+rdK@odk@jyefa&mufpOf awmxJoGm;I ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;udpPudk trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fESifhwm0ef&Sdolrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;wifarmifjrifh/ OD;cifarmif
aqG(prf;acsmif;)/ a'gufwmpef;atmif(t*Fyl-2)/ OD;armifudk(trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkvkyfief;tzGJ@)wdk@
udktoday;cJhonf? jynfyoH±Hk;rsm;ESifhtquftoG,&f &ef a'gufwmwifhaqG(ykvJ-1)/ a'gufwmpef;atmif
(t*Fyl-2)wdk@ESifhtwltm;xkwfcJhI oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 1992 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif ppfckH¶kH;
wif+yD; axmif'%f(25)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&ygonf? ,if;aemuf OD;vSxGef;tm; jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 122 (1)
t& jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya'yk'fr 11 (n) ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
tjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS a=unmcJhonf? aemif
jyKvkyfrnfha¶G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif
axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? OD;vSxGef;axmifrSjyefvnfvGwfajrmufvm+yD;aemuf aq;0g;vkyfief;puf¶kHwGif
wm0efxrf;aqmifaeol OD;vSxGef;.ZeD;a':jroef;tm; vufaxmufpuf¶kH;rª;rSac:,lawG@qHkI cifyGef;onf
taejzifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrSEkwfxGufa=umif;/ v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif;/
pm,lvm&efajymqdkcJhonf? xdkuJhodk@r[kwfaqmifv#if a':jroef;ESifhorD;jzpfolrEG,feDxGef;wdk@ tvkyfxdckduf
rnfjzpfa=umif;+cdrf;ajcmufajymqdkcJhonf? orD;jzpfolrSmvnf; aq;0g;vkyfief;puf¶kHwGif tvkyfvkyfaejcif;jzpf
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onf? tqdkygudpPESifhywfoufI rdom;pktwGif;aqG;aEG;+yD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrSm w&m;0ifrSwfyHk
wifxm;onfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDjzpfojzifh w&m;0ifygwD.tzGJ@0ifjzpfjcif;onf Oya'csdK;azmufjcif;r[kwfonfhjyif
vlxkqENtm;av;pm;aoma=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSvnf; rEkwfxGufEdkif/ ,kH=unfcsuf
tm;rpGef@Ekdifojzifh xGufcsif;xGufv#if ZeD;ESifhorD;om puf¶kHtr_xrf;tjzpfrSxGuf&efqkH;jzwfcJh=u+yD;/ vuf
axmufpuf¶kHrª; OD;wifjrifhodk@ta=umif;jyefcJh&m orD;jzpfolEG,feDxGef;ukd &ufydkif;twGif;vkyfief;vdktyfcsuf
r&Sd[kta=umif;jyI tvkyfrSxkwfypfcJhonf? xdk@aemuf a':jroef;tm; yifpifwif&eftwif;tusyfzdtm;ay;
vmcJhonf? wESpfausmf=um+yD; 2000 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (6)&ufae@wGif a':jroef;tm; vufaxmufpuf¶Hkrª;rS
yifpifrwifv#if e,fodk@ajymif;a¶$@tr_xrf;&rnf[kajymvmcJhojzifh 2000 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (26)&ufae@wGif
OD;vSxGef;.ZeD;a':jroef;taejzifh yifpifwif&efqENr¶Sdaomfvnf;/ rdrd.qENt&[kqdkum yifpifwifcJh&onf?
7? uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;,k*ef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;,k*efonf uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(28198)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²68)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1925 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;a0VK.om;jzpfonf? OD;,k*efonf 1940-41 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcJh
onf? 1942 ckESpfwGif ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)odk@0ifI rsufyg;&yfAdkvfoifwef;wufa&mufcJh
onf? wyfr–; (rwW&m/ pOfhul;ESifh xHk;}uD;+rdK@e,f)/ 1943 ckESpfwGif tm&Svli,f OuUX/ 1944 ckESpfrS 1955
ckESpftxd ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat) Adkvfr–;}uD;Axl;wyf +rdK@e,fwyfcJGr–;oifwef;wufI rEWav;
ajrmufydkif;+rdK@e,frsm; ppfa&;acgif;aqmif/ 1945 ckESpfwGif ArmhrsdK;cspfwyfrawmf(yDbDtufzf) wyfr–;(rEWav;/
rwW&m/ pOfhul;/ xHk;}uD;/ ppfa&;wm0efcH)/ 1945 ckESpfrS 1948 ckESpftxd AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifhtwl
z-q-y-v pnf;±Hk;a&;/ 1947 ckESpf/ zGJG@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHpnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&;udk,fpm;vS,f/ 1945 ckESpfrS
1951 ckESpftxd udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sif/ 1951 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd b%ft&m&Sd/ 1983 ckESpfwGif
t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf?
&Jabmfa[mif;or*~ OuUX/ (wyfr–;a[mif;ESifh&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@) rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ A[dkOD;pD;/
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fem,u/ vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0ifESifh wkdufyJG0ifwHqdyfrsm;csD;jr‡ifhjcif;cHcJh&
onf? 0efxef;tjzpfESifh jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD0ifjzpfcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ
usif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (7)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1261)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGufa=umif;a=unmcJhonf?
8? udkudk;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;vSoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
(1) trnf OD;vSoef;

(2) EdkifiHom;vufrSwftrSwf 12§urw (Edkif) 008214
(3) vlrsdK;§bmom Arm§Ak'<bmom
(4) rdbtrnf OD;odef;az/ a':!Gef@
(5) ynmt&nftcsif; Oya'bGJ@ (LL.B.)
(6) tvkyftudkif A[dkw&m;¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@ae
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(7) avhvmoif=um;wwfajrmufcJhaomynm&yfrsm; Oya'ynm/ pDrHcef@cGJtkyfcsKyfr_ynm/
pm&if;tif;ynm/ vufa&;wdkynm
OD;vSoef;onf udkdudk;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(246)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(56²94)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? [Hom
0wDc¶dkif/ uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@tydkif/ 0g;bavmufaomufaus;¶GmwGif v,f,mvkyfudkifol tz OD;odef;az/ trd
a':!Gef@wdk@rS 1947 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? arG;csif;(8)OD;teuf owWrajrmufjzpf
onf? rlvwef;ynmudk 0g;bavmufaomufaus;¶Gm rlvwef;ausmif;wGifvnf;aumif;/ tv,fwef;ynm
udk armfv+rdKif+rdK@/ armifiH&yf/ trSwf(2)tv,fwef;ausmif;wGifvnf;aumif; owWrwef;atmifjrifonf
txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1965 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf(a&wyf)odk@0ifa&mufI a&wyfom;tjzpfjzifh &wemyHk
a&wyfpcef;/ ppfawGa&wyfpcef;/ wdkufa&,mOf(110) a&wyfurf;wufwdkufcdkufa&;wyf&if;/ ppf¶Hk;csKyf/
umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf¶Hk;(a&)/ wm0ef(2)XmepkESifh ppfa&,mOf&ef}uD;atmifwdk@wGif 1977 ckESpf/ arvtxd
tr_xrf;cJh+yD; vkyfoufyifpifjzifh t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? wyfrawmf(a&wyf)wGiftr_xrf;pOf edrfhusaomb0rS
vGwfajrmuf&ef rdrdudk,fydkiftem;,l&rnfhtcsdefudk wefbdk;¶SdpGmtoHk;csI jrefrmvufa&;wdkynmudk‚if;/
pm&if;tif;ynmudk‚if; avhvmoif,lcJhonf? (5)ESpfausmfr#jywfawmufaeaom ausmif;ynma&;udk tXr
wef;rSpI qufvufoif,lcJh&m 1975 ckESpfwGif (10)wef;pmar;yGJudk ¶lyaA'bmom*k%fxl;jzifh atmifjrif
cJhonf? wyfrawmf(a&wyf)rSt+idrf;pm;,l+yD; (3)ESpft=um/ 1979-80 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvf
rS Oya'bGJ@(LL.B.)&¶SdcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrSpI a¶S@aeavmuodk@0ifa&mufcJh+yD;/ txufwef;a¶S@ae/ A[dkw&m;
¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@aetjzpf &mZ0wfr_/ w&m;rr_rsm;pGmudk jrefrmwEdkifiHvHk;¶Sd w&m;¶Hk;rsm;wGif a'ora¶G;vdkufygaqmif
¶GufcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif &efukefa¶S@aersm;tzGJ@ESifh
=unfhjrifwdkif+rdK@e,fwdk@rS OD;aqmifyg0ifv_yf¶Sm;cJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wnfaxmifonfhtcg
tzGJ@0iftjzpftqdkjyKcJh+yD;/ pnf;¶Hk;a&;umvwGif =unfhjrifwdkif+rdK@e,ftzGJ@csKyf pDrHa&;&mtzGJ@ twGif;a&;rª;
tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ +rdK@e,fyxrt}udrfnDvmcHrS +rdK@e,ftzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m
nDvmcHudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfvnf;aumif; a¶G;cs,fwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd
=unf@jrifwkdif+rdK@e,f ppfr_xrf;a[mif;tzJG@ ±Hk;tzJGr–;/ oufomvkyfief; twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf?
'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHopfwnfaqmuf&mwGif wwftm;oa¶G@}udK;yrf;aqmif¶GufEdkifa&;ESifh udkudk;u|ef;+rdK@e,f¶Sd rJqEN
¶Sifrsm;. 'Drdkua&pDvdkvm;aomqENudk tav;xm;aomtm;jzifh udkudk;u|ef;+rdK@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKif&ef a¶G;cs,fqENjyKcJhonf? OD;vSoef;onf 1990 jynfhESpf/
pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;
.aetdrfwGifjyKvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;ESifh 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)
&ufae@ rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf±Hk;wGifðyvkyfcJhaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;
a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhojzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv
(23)&ufae@wGif ppfcHk¶Hk;rS tvkyf=urf;ESifhaxmif'%f(25)ESpf tjypfay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ODvSoef;onf jypfr_
qkdif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cHcJh&ojzifh a&G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 11 (n) jzifhndpGef;
ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;y
a&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? 1996 ckESpfwGif urBmhukvor*~
txl;udk,fpm;vS,f ygarmuQ,dkZdk,dkudkwmxH axmifwGif;rSaeIpma&;om;ay;ydk@r_jzifh aemufxyfaxmif'%f
(7)ESpfcsrSwfcHcJh&onf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefvtwGif;wGif tjyif;zsm;I tif;pdefaxmifrS &efukefjynfol@aq;¶Hk}uD;
ajratmufxyf¶Sd tusOf;om;rsm;aq;ukaqmifodk@ydk@Iaq;ukor_jyKcJh&m 1996 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (2)&ufae@
wGif uG,fvGefoGm;cJhonf?
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¡ =o*kwfv 2 &ufae@u 1990 jynfhESpf a¶G;aumufyGJrSm a¶G;cs,fcH&wJh tifeft,fvf'DtzGJ@0if jynf
ol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;vSoef;[m e0w &J@ EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;tjzpfeJ@ &efukefjynfol@aq;¶Hk}uD;rSm
uG,fvGefcJhygw,f?
oludk,fpm;jyK rJqENe,fjzpfwJh udkudk;u|ef;[m jrefrmEdkifiHwGif;rSm tao;qHk;jzpfayr,fhvnf; vlod
trsm;qHk;ae&mjzpfygw,f? tdENd,ork'N&mxJrSm¶SdwJh 'Du|ef;pkav;&J@yifru|ef;[m 1958 ckESpf ppfwyfu yxr
OD;qHk;t}udrf tm%modrf;+yD;wJhaemuf EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;udk jypf'%fcsrSwfwJhae&mjzpfwJhtwGuf
emrnfqdk;eJ@ausmf=um;cJhygw,f? tJ'Dae&mrSm b,fudkyJ=unfh=unfh om,mvSyaeygw,f? us,fajymvSwJh
yifv,fjyif/ jymvJhvJhrdk;aumif;uif/ oJaomifjyifus,f/ avwdkufwdkif;,drf;EGJ@aqmhupm;aewJh tkef;yifawGeJ@
yg?
tjypf'%fay;r_awGudk 1960 jynfhESpfawG&J@aemufqHk;ESpfrsm;rSm zsufodrf;vdkuf+yD;/ udkudk;u|ef;[m
a&wyfpcef;tjzpf usefcJhygawmhw,f? tkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf vdktyfwJh0efxrf;rsm;/ tkef;vkyfief;vkyfudkifaewJh
rdom;pkrsm;om aexdkif=uygawmhw,f? 1990 jynfhESpf pm&if;t& u|ef;ay:rSm vlOD;a& (1000)omomav;yJ
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a¶G;aumufyGJusif;yzdk@ 23 &uftvdkrSm/ 1990 jynfhESpf/ arv (4)&ufae@rSm OD;vSoef;eJ@ tjcm; tifef
t,fvf'DtzGJ@0ifav;OD;wdk@[m udkudk;u|ef;udkxGufcGmoGm;cJh=uygw,f? tJ'DrSm olwdk@wawG[m opfuav;/
0g;uav;eJ@ tajcpdkufpcef;tjzpf bef*vdkav;wckwnfaqmuf+yD;/ olwdk@vm&if;&nf¶G,fcsufaygufajrmuf
atmifjrifzdk@twGuf pwifav#mufvSrf;ygawmhw,f?
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aemuf OD;vSoef;tm; jynfol@0efxrf;awG&J@tdrfudkoGm;a&mufvnfywfjcif;rjyKawmhygbl;vdk@ 0efcHwJhvufrSwf
xdk;cdkif;ygw,f? OD;vSoef;ujiif;qdkvdkuf+yD; ol[m vlr_a&;t&oGm;a&mufvnfywfwmjzpfw,f/ a¶G;aumufyGJ
udpPeJ@vHk;0ywfoufjcif;r¶Sdbl;vdk@ ¶Sif;jycJhygw,f?
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ae wJh u|ef;ay:ujynfolawGtwGuf 'Drdkua&pDowif;pum;udk vufqifhurf;EdkifcJh=uygw,f?
rkwfokef&moDu pwifaeayr,fhvnf; arv (27)&ufae@ reufae[m awmufypGmxGufay:vmyg
awmhw,f? touf(18)ESpfausmfvdk@ rJay;cGifh&=uwJhol (613)OD;¶SdwJhteufu (450)eD;yg;[m u|ef;ay:¶SdrJ¶Hk
ESpf¶HkrSm OD;vSoef;eJ@ jrefrmEdkifiHudk(26)ESpf=umtkyfcsKyfcJhwJh jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDudk trnfajymif;xm;
wJh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDuudk,fpm;vS,fwdk@teuf olwdk@ESpfouf&mudkrJay;cJh=uygw,f? rJay;
r_awG[m nae(4)em&DavmufrSm+yD;oGm;+yD; n(7)em&DcGJavmufrSm rJa&wGufr_awG+yD;qHk;oGm;cJhygw,f?
rJay;ydkifcGifh¶Sdfolpkpkaygif;&J@ (56²94)&mcdkifE_ef;udk tifeft,fvf'D&J@udk,fpm;vS,fu &¶SdcJhygw,f? udkudk;
u|ef;urJay;r_udk a¶G;aumufyGJtao;pm;av;vdk@ajym=uayr,fhvnf; OD;vSoef;eJ@ ol@&J@tzGJ@om;awGtwGuf
uawmh r[matmifyGJygyJ? olwdk@wawG &efukefudkjyefvmwJhtcgrSm vkyfazmfudkifzufawG axmufcHtm;ay;
olawGu ol&Jaumif;awGtjzpf aumif;pGm}udKqdk=uygw,f?
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf ta¶G;cs,fcH&pOfwkef;u OD;vSoef;&J@touf[m (45)ESpfyJ¶Sdygao;
w,f? ol[m v,form;rdbESpfyg;u arG;zGm;cJhwmjzpf+yD;/ tv,fwef;ynmtqifhudk armfv+rdKifrSm+yD;qHk;cJhyg
w,f? toufESpfq,ft¶G,frSm ol[m a&wyfxJ 0ifa&muftr_xrf;cJhygw,f? &nf¶G,fcsufcdkifrm+yD;/ }udK;pm;
wJhvli,fav;[m ynm&J@wefbdk;udk aumif;pGmem;vnf,Hk=unfwJhtwGuf a&wyfxJrSmtr_xrf;aepOfumv
twGif;rSm ynmudkqufvufavhvmoif,l+yD;/ txufwef;pmar;yGJudk 1975 ckESpfrSm atmifjrifcJhygw,f?
1977 ckESpfrSm a&wyfuaet+idrf;pm;,l+yD;aemuf Oya'ynm&yfudk qufvufavhvmcJh&m 1980 jynfhESpfrSm
&efukefwuUodkvfu Oya'bGJ@udk&cJhygw,f?
- 229 -
1988 ckESpf 'Drdkua&pDv_yf¶Sm;r_}uD;rSm OD;vSoef;[m &efukefa¶S@aersm;toif;uae wufºuGpGmyg0if
v_yf¶Sm;cJhygw,f? aemufydkif;rSm tifeft,fvf'DtzGJ@xJ0ifa&mufvm+yD; &efukefwdkif;twGif; ta&;t}uD;qHk;
+rdK@e,fawGxJu +rdK@e,fwck&J@ ygwDOuUX jzpfvmygw,f? a¶G;aumufyGJtwGuf jyifqifr_awGpwifwJhtcg olu
EdkifiHa&;t& Edk;=um;r_odyfr¶SdwJh udkudk;u|ef;rJqENe,fajr&J@ udk,fpm;vS,tf jzpf ta¶G;cHr,fvdk@ tqdkjyKygw,f/
ol@tqdkjyKcsufudk tm;vHk;u0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmeJ@ vufcH=uygw,f?
a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fw&m;0ifxkwfjyefa=unmr_[m &ufowWywftenf;i,f=umayr,fhvnf; tifef
t,fvf'D[m jywfjywfom;om;tEdkif&cJhw,fqdkwm tm;vHk;odcJh=uygw,f? wwdkif;jynfvHk;aysmf¶$ifae=uyg
w,f? q,fpkESpfoHk;cktwGif; yxrqHk;usif;ywJh 'Drdkua&pDuswJha¶G;aumufyGJuxGufvmwJh &v'ftwGuf*k%f
,lae=uygw,f? t&nftcsif;¶Sd+yD; tm;udk;&wJhtpdk;&rsdK;/ jynfwGif;ua&m jynfyuyg ,Hk=unfav;pm;r_udk&
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eJ@ygyJ?
aemufydkif;rSm jrefrmjynfxJu tenf;i,faom vlwcsKd @[m t¶Sufr¶SdqHk;/ oduQmtrJhqHk;vkyf&yfawG
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ua&pDenf;usus v$Jay;r,fqdkwJh uwdpum;awG[m udkudk;u|ef;urf;ajcwav#muf avwdkufvdk@vGifharsmae
wJh tkef;¶GufajcmufawGeJ@rjcm; jzpfawmhrSmyJvdk@ em;vnfvm=uygw,f?
a¶G;aumufyGJ+yD;vdk@ (2)v=umvmyg+yD/ e0w[m tm%mudkpGef@v$wfzdk@ t&dyfvuQ%mvnf;rjyyg
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tHk@r_dif;aewJh&moDOwk[m ydkrdkqdk;¶Gm;vmygawmhw,f? aemufvrSmawmh OD;vSoef;tygt0if v$wfawmfudk,f
pm;vS,ftawmfrsm;rsm;[m tzrf;cH=u&ygw,f? OD;vSoef;[m 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDvrSm ppfcHk¶Hk;wifw&m;pGJqdkcH
&+yD; pif+ydKiftpdk;&xlaxmifa&;rSm yl;aygif;yg0ifywfoufw,fvdk@qdkum tvkyf=urf;eJ@axmif'%f(25)ESpf cs
rSwfjcif;udkcHcJh&ygw,f? tckig;ESp=f umcJhyg+yD/ rSefuefr_r¶SdwJh Oya'a&;&mtpDtpOf&J@ &ufpuf=urf;=uKwfwJh
w&m;pD&ifr_pepf&J@om;aumiftjzpfeJ@ olaoqHk;oGm;cJh&yg+yD?
- a':atmifqef;pk=unf. “jrefrmjynfuvmwJhpm” tusOf;axmifwGif;aoqHk;jcif;(1)
=o*kwfv (2)&ufae@rSm vuf¶SdjrefrmEdkifiHudktkyfcsKyfaewJh ppftpdk;&&J@ EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;tjzpfeJ@

aoqHk;oGm;wJh udkudk;u|ef;rJqENe,frS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tifeft,fvf'DtzGJ@0if OD;vSoef;&J@ao
pm&if;rSwfwrf;rSm wDbDa&m*geJ@ HIV a&m*gydk;ul;pufr_wdk@a=umifh aoqHk;cJh&w,fvdk@ azmfjyxm;ygw,f?
wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkif olaoqHk;wJhae@rSmyJ befaumufu The Nation owif;pmrSm OD;vSoef;
(6)ESpfeD;yg;tusOf;uscHcJh&wJh tif;pdefaxmifwGif;eJ@ jrefrmjynfwGif;utusOf;axmifawGta=umif; ¶Sif;vif;
ajymjyxm;wJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwOD;&J@ tpD&ifcHpmwapmif (Cries from Insein) ygvmygw,f?
tJ'DtpD&ifcHpmu aq;0g;rSefuefpGmoHk;pGJr_r¶Sdjcif;a=umifh tusOf;axmifwGif;rSm HIV eJ@ AIDS
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wa,mufudk aq;ykvif;&J@w0uf 'grSr[kwf w0ufxufav#mhenf;pGm xdk;ay;+yD;wJhaemuf usefwJhaq;udk
aemufvlemwa,mufudk 'Daq;xdk;tyf/ aq;xdk;¹yGefeJ@yJ qufvufxdk;ay;wJhtwGuf aoG;uwqifhjyef@yGm;Edkif
wJh b,ful;pufa&m*grqdk ul;pufjyef@yGm;zdk@&m aomcsmygw,fvdk@ qdkygw,f?
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¶Gm;vSwJh tajctaeawGa=umifh OD;vSoef;aoqHk;&jcif;jzpfw,fvdk@ oHo,¶SdEdkifygw,f? 1995 ckESpfrSm EdkifiH
wum=uufajceDtoif;}uD; jrefrmEdkifiHuaexGufcGmoGm;&jcif;[m tm%mydkifawGu tusOf;axmifwGif;rS
tajctaeawGudk =unfh¶_ppfaq;cGifhray;wJhtwGuf jzpfygw,f?
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trSefawmh OD;vSoef;[m e0w&J@ tusOf;axmiftwGif;rSm ,Hk=unfcsufa=umifh tusOf;uscHae&ol
awGxJu yxrOD;qHk; aoqHk;&olr[kwfygbl;? udk,fh&J@ EdkifiHa&;,Hk=unfcsufudk +rJ+rHpGmpGJudkif&if; toufay;
oGm;=uwJholawGxJrSm tifeft,fvf'Duacgif;aqmifwcsdK@vnf; yg0ifygw,f?
- a':atmifqef;pk=unf. “jrefrmjynfuvmwJhpm” tusOf;axmifwGif;aoqHk;jcif;(2) ¢
9? c&rf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;ausmfoGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ausmfoGifonf c&rf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

tz ocifarmifarmif}uD;/ trd a':jr[efwdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
OD;ausmfoGifonf 1967 ckESpf w¶kwf-jrefrmta&;tcif;wGif txu(1) ti,fwef;ausmif;om;aumfrwD0if
tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1974 ckESpf 'DZifbm OD;oef@ta&;tcif;wGif rEWav;aqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpf
aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif blrdaA't"dujzifh &efukefwuUodkvfodk@a&muf¶SdcJhonf? 1975 ckESpf
ODoef@ta&;tcif;wGifyg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJh+yD;/ OD;oef@ta&;tcif;rSwqifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm;pnf;¶Hk;awmcdkcJhojzifh
rw&m;oif;tuf Oya' yk'fr 17 (1)(2) jzifh axmif'%f(3)ESpftjypfay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1977 ckESpfwGif
axmifrSvGwfcJh+yD; udk,fydkifenf;jyoifwef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1980-81 ckESpfwGif pmay;pm,ljzifh
Oya'bmomoif,lcJhonf? Oya'wwd,ESpftxda&muf&SdcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD
ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif c&rf;+rdK@e,f wyfaygif;pkoydwfaumfrwD wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf yg0if
aqmif¶GufcJhonf? c&rf;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0efcHtjzpf aqmif¶Guf
cJhonf? OD;ausmfoGifonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGifjyKvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;
ta0;odk@ wufa&mufcJhonf? ,if;okd@wufa&mufcJhonfhta=umif;ESifh tpnf;ta0;tajctae ta=umif;pHk
udk 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdk bmv (1)&ufae@wGif c&rf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,f OD;wifarmif0if;xHodk@ oGm;a&muftoday;cJhonf? xdk@twGufoufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;
cHcJh&onf? OD;ausmfoGifonf jypfr_qdkif&m Oya'yk'fr 122 (1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&+yD; axmif'%f(25)
ESpfcsrSwftjypfay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? a&G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 11 (n)ESifhndpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;
vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZif
bmv (18)&ufae@wGif a=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfha¶G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwf
yifcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ {+yDv (7)&ufae@wGif xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf vGwfajrmufe,fajrwae&modk@ a&muf¶Sd
vmcJhonf?
10? c&rf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)?
OD;wifarmif0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifarmif0if;onf c&rf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? c&rf;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (8)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;+rdK@.om;jzpfonf?
OD;wifarmif0if;onff c&rf;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ a&ausmfrufo'pfESifh +rdK@rtrsdK;om;ausmif;wdk@wGif
- 231 -
q,fwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;aemuf 1957-58 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfodk@wuf
a&mufcJhonf? c&rf;+rdK@e,fausmif;om;or*~ twGif;a&;r–;/ wuUodkvfc&rf;+rdK@e,ftoif;/ [Hom0wDc±dkif
toif;/ uavmif&Siftoif;/ o[m,ESifhpmzwftoif;rsm;wGif a&S@wef;uyg0ifI Auorsm;tzJG@csKyfESifh
wuotzJG@0if/ ausmif;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfOD; wGJzuftwGif;a&;r–;ESifh obmywdtzJG@0if/ 1962 ckESpf/ Zlvdkfif
ta&;tcif;wGif &efukefwuUodkvf ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;umuG,fr_wdkufyJGaumfrwD OuUX/ 1963 ckESpfrS
1970 jynfhESpftxd vHk+cHKa&;yk'fr(5)jzifhzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? axmifrSvGwf+yD;aemuf c&rf;+rdK@e,f&Sd
rdom;pkydkifqefpufwGif refae*smtjzpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;
awmfyHk}uD;wGif ppf+yD;acwfESifhvGwfvyfa&;acwf ausmif;om;or*~0ifa[mif;rsm;aumfrwDwGif yg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJh
onf? ta&;awmfyHk}uD;t+yD; EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;zGJ‹pnf;wnfaxmifaomtcg trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ‹csKyfY
yg0ifcJh+yD; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &efukefwdkif;pnf;tzJG@0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? c&rf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f
trSwf(2)rS ODwifarmif0if;ESifh,SOf+ydKifbuf wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDrS OD;aZmf0if;(t+idrf;pm;
Adkvfr–;}uD;aZmf0if;) rqvacwf EdkifiHawmfaumifpD0ifa[mif;. nDt&if;jzpfonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdk
bmvwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; axmif'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&+yD; e0wppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rsm;. !‡if;yef;ESdyfpufr_
a=umifh 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (18)&ufae‹wGif axmifwGif;YaoqHk;oGm;cJhonf? OD;wifarmif0if;. ZeD;rSm
pma&;q&mr ,k0wDcifv_dif=uLjzpf+yD; om;orD;(2)a,mufusef&pfcJhonf?
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tus,fESdrfeif;r_rsm;jyKvkyfcJhygw,f? tJ'DvawGrSm jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawGjzpf=uwJh tifeft,f
vf'DtzGJ@0ifawG[m tzrf;cH=u&+yD; tif;pdefaxmifudk a&mufukef=uygw,f? 'Dvdktzrf;cH&wJhvlawGtxJrSm
'Drdku&ufwpftpdk;&zGJ@zdk@ jynfolvlxkua¶G;cs,fcJhayr,fhvnf; ppftpdk;&&J@pGJcsufwif tjypf'%fcsrSwfcH&wJh
c&rf;+rdK@e,fu OD;wifarmif0if;vnf;yg0ifygw,f? ol[m 1950 ckESpfawG&J@tqH;k ydkif;awGeJ@ 1960 ckESpfawG&J@
tpydkif;awGrSm vlodrsm;ausmf=um;cJhwJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfygw,f? 1962 ckESpfrSm ppfwyfu
tm%modrf;r_udk ausmif;om;rsm;qef@usifcJh=uwkef;u ol[m ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; ckcHumuG,fr_aumf
rDwD OuUX jzpfcJhygw,f? aemufESpfrSmawmh &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;om;or*~&J@ acgif;aqmifwa,muf
tjzpfeJ@ zrf;qD;cH&ygawmhw,f?
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atmufrSm ESpfaygif;(25)ESpfausmf=um b0wckvHk;aovkeD;yg;jzpfcJh&wmawGu ol@&J@cdkifrmwJh EdkifiHa&;,Hk=unf
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acgif;aqmifa[mif;awGeJ@twl yg0ifv_yf¶Sm;cJhygw,f? 1990 ckESpfa¶G;aumufyGJrSm ol[m ol@&J@Zmwdc&rf;+rdK@
e,fuae tifeft,fvf'Dudk udk,fpm;jyK+yD; 'Drdku&ufwpfygwDrsm;&J@ t"du&efoljzpfwJh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;
nD!Gwfa&;ygwDrS0ifa&mufta¶G;cHcJhol ol@&J@tudkt&if;eJ@ ,SOf+ydKifta¶G;cHcJhygw,f? a¶G;aumufyGJrSmtEdkif&+yD;
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wJh a&=unftdkifrSm wvcef@aecJh&ygw,f? 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&DvrSm ol@udk}uD;av;wJhtjypf'%fcsrSwfwJh
tcsdefrSm ol[mvGefpGmrusef;rrmjzpfaewJhtwGufcHk¶Hk;udkrwufa&mufEdkifcJhygbl;? ol[m Zefe0g&Dv (18)&uf
ae@rSm aoqHk;cJhygw,f? tm%mydkifawGu ol[maoG;uifqmeJ@aoqHk;cJhw,fvdk@qdkygw,f? 'gayr,fh vGefcJhwJh
(4)v axmifrusrDwkef;u ol@rSm 'DvdktouftEW&m,fudkxdcdkufEdkifavmufwJha&m*g cHpm;ae&w,fqdkwJh
vuQ%mrsdK; r¶SdcJhygbl;? o+*õK[fjcif;rjyKrD ol@&J@¶kyftavmif;uddkawG@jrifcJh&olrsm;u ol[m axmifwGif;rSmESdyf
pufcH&wJh'%f&mawGa=umifh aoqHk;&jcif;jzpfw,fvdk@qdk=uygw,f?
- a':atmifqef;pk=unf. “jrefrmjynfuvmwJhpm” tusOf;axmifwGif;aoqHk;jcif;(3)rS ² ² ² ¢
11? prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
- 232 -
OD;cifarmifaqG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cifarmifaqGonf prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckfdifvHkrJ(28944)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²64)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
tz OD;armifat;/ trd a':wif=unfwdk@rS 1942 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? {&m0wDwdkif;/
ig;odkif;acsmif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;cifarmifaqG onf 1960 jynfhESpfwGif t*FvdkAmeDusLvmrpf&Sifausmif;rS
q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI &efukefwuUodkvfwGif 1961 ckESpfrS 1966 ckESpftxd ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/
bDtufpD(blrdaA')bJG@udk a&eHvkyfief;qdkif&mbmomwGJjzif;&¶SdcJhonf? &efukefwuUodkvfYynmoif=um;aepOf
ykodrfc¶dkifausmif;om;rsm;toif; pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;/ bmom&yfqdkif&mtoif;rsm;. tr_aqmiftzGJ@0ifESifh &efukef
wuUodkvfausmif;om;or*~(wuo)0iftjzpf 1962 ckESpf/ ausmif;om;v_yf¶mS ;r_rsm;wGif yg0ifcJhonf? 1966
ckESpfwGif jrefrmha&eHaumfydka&;¶Sif;Y tvkyfoift&m¶Sdtjzpf pwifxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1966 ckESpfrS 1988
ckESpftxd jrefrmjynftESH a&eH¶SmazGwl;azmfxkwfvkyfa&;qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;udk tvkyfoifblrdaA't&m&Sd/
'kblrdaA't&m&Sd/ t}uD;wef;blrdaA't&m&Sdponfjzifh aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif pifumylEdkifiHwGif
usif;yaom a&eHwGif;wl;azmfa&;ESifha&eHwGif;aygufuGJr_xdef;odrf;a&;qdkif&m vkyfief;cGifoifwef;odk@wufa&muf
cJhonf? 1986 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk/ wufqufpfjynfe,f/ wJvfqmwuUodkvfwGif a&eH¶SmazGwl;
azmfxkwfvkyfjcif;ESifha&eHajrzGH@+zdK;jcif;qdkif&m'Dyvdkrmtqifhoifwef;odk@ wufa&mufatmifjrifcJhonf? txuf
jrefrmjynf a&eHajrrsm;zGJ@+zdK;a&;ESifh a&eHESifhobm0"mwfaiG@wl;azmfxkwfvkyfa&;qdkif&m t}uD;wef;blrdaA'
t&m¶Sdtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;ay:
aygufvm&m acsmuf/ a&eHacsmif;/ jynf/ jrefatmif/ ref;ESifhaxmuf¶Smyif a&eHajrtvkyform;or*~rsm;udk
pkpnf;vufwGJI jrefrmha&eHaumfydka&;¶Sif;(¶Hk;csKyf) tvkyform;or*~ twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (3)&ufae@wGif 0efxrf;tm;vHk;vkyfcGifodk@ jyefvnfwufa&muf&ef e0w xkwf
jyefcsufudkrvkdufemcJhI tvkyfxkwfy,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–;
a':atmifqef;pk=unf. ac:,lwm0efay;csuft& 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmvwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyf A[dkOD;pD;tzJG@0iftjzpf tzGJ@csKyfwm0efrsm;udk pwifxrf;aqmifcJhonf? yxrt}udrf A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@
tpnf;ta0;rS rauG;wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0efcHtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&+yD;/ rauG;wdkif;(25)+rdK@e,ftwGif;
pnf;¶Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm; v_yf¶Sm;aqmif¶GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfY A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@0iftjzpfvnf;
aumif;/ prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,ftzGJ@0iftjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif¶GufcJhI 1989 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@ eHeuf
ydkif; wm;qD;rcH&rDtcsdefwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf wdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;ay;aom tvkyftr_aqmiftzJG@wGif tzGJ@0if
tjzpf wdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&onf? A[dkvkyfief;tzJG@(tvkyform;) tzJG0ifESifh A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;
a&;tzJG@ OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (5)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,f OD;vSxGef;(=unfhjrifwdkif)rS OD;cifarmifaqGtm; ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&; v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;
udpPrsm;udkvnf;aumif;/ ,m,Dtpdk;&tzJG@wGif OD;cifarmifaqGtm; 0ef}uD;wpfae&mvsmxm;jcif;udpPwkd@udk
vnf;aumif; today;cJhonf? ,if;udpPESifhywfoufI OD;cifarmifaqGudkoufqkdif&mrS 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDvwGif
zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJhonf? ,if;aemuf OD;cifarmifaqGonf jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 122 (1) t& 1990 jynfhESpf/
atmufwdkbmv (23)&ufae@wGif axmif'%f(10)ESpfcsrSwfcJhonf? a&G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 11 (n) ESifh +idpGef;
ojzifhjynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;y
a&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (18)&ufae@ae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfh a¶G;aumufyGJ
rsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (1)&ufae@wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrS jyef
vGwfonf? 1994 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (5)&ufae@wGif a'gufwmcifaZmf0if;udpPESifhywfoufI zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;
jcif;cHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f (7)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf?
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12? qdyfurf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
a':pef;pef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a':pef;pef;onf qdyfurf;rJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(615)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mE_ef;(59²25)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
uG,fvGefol pma&;q&m(ykvdyft&m&SdwpfOD;trnfcH) c¶dkif&J0efOD;baomf(jypfr_r*~Zif;wnfaxmifol)/ trd
a':rrav;(jypfr_r*~Zif;wm0efcHxkwfa0ol)wdk@rS 1932 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? arG;
csif;(5)a,mufteuf wwd,ajrmufjzpfonf? tpfudk(2)OD;rSm uG,fvGefol trsdK;om;pmayqk& pma&;q&m
ESifhowif;pmq&m pdefcifarmif&DESifh *g'D,ef;owif;axmufcsKyf OD;cifarmif=unfwdk@jzpfonf? rHk&Gm+rdK@/
tvHkZmwdjzpfonf? i,fpOfu rHk¶Gm+rdK@/ trsdK;om;tv,fwef;ausmif;/ Ak'<bmomausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoif
=um;cJh+yD;aemuf &efukefwuUodkvfrS 1954 ckESpfwGif bDtufpfpDbJG@&onf? &efukefwuUodkvf bifwefaqmifY
o[m,ESifhpmzwftoif;/ A[dkausmif;aqmif o[m,ESifhpmzwftoif;/ ¶lyaA'/ ZD0aA'toif;/ csif;wGif;
toif;paom toif;tzGJ@rsm;wGif tvkyftr_aqmiftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfrS 1955 ckESpftxd
A[dktpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;(&efukef) txufwef;jy/ &efuif;aumvdyf/ armfv+rdKifaumvdyfwdk@wGif owW
aA'Xme o¶kyfjyq&mr/ ,l*dkqvm;AD;,m;EdkifiH/ tpPa&;EdkifiHrsm;okd@ ynmawmfoifoGm;a&mufcJhbl;onf/
1958-59 ckESpfwGif owif;pm'Dyvdkrm('Da*s)&onf? 1960 jynfhESpfrSpI tvkyform;!¸ef=um;a&;OD;pD;Xme
wGif 0g%dZ…yÉdyuQjzefajza&;t&m¶Sd/ +rdK@e,fOD;pD;rª;wm0efjzifh Adkvfwaxmif/ ykZGefawmif/ ausmufwHwm;/
abmufaxmf/ ouFef;u|ef;/ &efuif;/ vd_if/ urm¶Gwf/ r&rf;ukef;/ ajrmufOuUvmy/ awmifOuUvmy/ qdyfurf;/
qdyf}uD;caemifwdkESifh 'v+rdK@e,frsm;wGif tr_xrf;cJhonf? 1985 ckESpfwGif tvkyform;!¸ef=um;a&;OD;pD;Xme/
ppfudkif;wdkif; OD;pD;Xmerª;/ 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmvwGif &efukef+rdK@ okawoeESifhpDrHudef;XmecGJ/ tvkyf
orm;!¸ef=um;a&;OD;pD;Xme 'kwd,!$ef=um;a&;r–;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cH
cJh&onf? 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif tvkyform;rsm;0efxrf;or*~Y
OuUXtjzpfwufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf// trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkvkyfief;tzJG@(tvkyform;) twGif;a&;r–;/
A[dkpnf;urf;xdef;odrf;a&;tzGJ@twGif;a&;rª;/ A[dkpnf;¶H;k vH_@aqmfa&;tzGJ@0iftjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? a':pef;pef;
onf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmf
udkf,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;aetdrfwGifðyvkyfaom ,m,DtpDk;&zJG@pnf;a&; v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;okdk@wufa&mufcJh
onf/ 1990 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (14)&ufae@wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfol@v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpf=uaom OD;vSxGef;(=unfhjrifwdkif)/ OD;0if;udk(a&OD;-2)ESifh woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;
vS,f OD;yDwmvif;yif(jyifOD;vGif-2)wdk@udk ,if;.aetdrfwGif ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;udpPudkaqG;aEG;&ef cGifhðycJh
onf? tvm;wl ,if;.aetdrfYyif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpf=uaom OD;vSxGef;(=unfhjrifwdkif)
a'gufwmfwifhaqG(ykvJ-1)ESifh a'gufwmpef;atmif(t*Fyl-2)wdk@oHk;OD;tm; ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;udpPtwGuf
aqG;aEG;cGifhðycJhI oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJhonf? ,if;aemuf a':pef;pef;onf jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr
(122)(1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya'yk'fr(11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG
a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS a=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfha±G;aumufrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudk
vnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (1)&ufae‹wGif e0w a=unmcsuftrSwf(11§92)t& jypfr_qdkif&m
usifhxHk;Oya'yk'fr 401 (1)t& tif;pdefaxmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 1997 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (31)&ufae@wGif
EdkifiHjcm;owif;XmeESifhqufoG,fowif;ay;r_jzifh jypfr_qdkif&musifhxHk;Oya' yk'fr 401 (3) t& ,cifusef¶Sdae
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ao;onfhjypf'%frsm;tm; jyefvnfuscHcJh&+yD;/ 2001 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (13)&ufae@wGifjyefvnfvGwfajrmufcJh
onf? 2003 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (1)&ufae@wGif xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf vGwfajrmufe,fajrodk@a&muf¶SdcJhonf?
13? qdyf}uD;caemifwdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
a'gufwmpdef0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmpdef0if;onf qdyf}uD;caemifwdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1958 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (21)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;!Gef.om;jzpf
onf? a'gufwmpdef0if;onf 1982 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(1)&efukefrS q&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfrS
1983 ckESpftxd tvkyfoifq&m0ef/ 1983 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd jyifyaq;ukcef;q&m0ef/ 1985 ckESpfwGif
vufaxmufq&m0ef/ usef;rma&;0ef}uD;Xme/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd jrefrmEkdifiHppfr_xrf;Oya'
(1959)t& umuG,fa&;0ef}uDXme jynfol@ppfr_xrf;q&mef/ aq;wuUodkvf(1)r*~Zif; pmwnf;tzJG@0ifESifh
tEkynmtoif; tr_aqmifvkyfcJhonf?
14? wmarG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;vSodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vSodef;onf wmarG+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh cdkifvHkrJ(25765)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77²8)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1951 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? atmifwif.om;jzpfonf? OD;vSodef;onf
e0rwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif yg0ifcJh
onf? wmarG+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
15? wmarG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;odef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;odef;jrifhonf wmarG+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

1950 jynfhESpf/ arv (5)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;wifa&$.om;jzpfonf? OD;odef;jrifhonf bDtufpD/ tdyfcsf*sDyD/
tm&ft,fvf (2)bGJ@&cJhonf// 1967 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd vlr_0efxrf;apwemtru q&mESifhausmif;tkyf/
1972 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd “tm;opf”usL&Sif udk,fydkifvkyfief;/ 1976 ckESpfwGif tdk;pk&yfuGufor0g,r
wGJzuftwGif;a&;r–;/ 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif yg0ifcJhonf?
16? wGHaw;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;omqdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
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OD;omqdkifonf wGHaw;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK
I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(24577)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²82)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf//
tz OD;omydk/ trd a':pdfefarwdk@rS 1946 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;omqdkifonf
+rdK@rtxufwef;ausmif;(&efukef)ESifh &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfwGif ordkif;t"dujzifh 0dZ…mwwd,ESpftxd
ynmoif=um;cJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wGHaw;+rdK@e,fwGifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988
ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHkumvwGif cavmufcsdKufwdkufe,fwGif a&S@wef;rSwufwufºuGºuGyg0ifcJh
onf? OD;omqdkifonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@wGif rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;
om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf¶Hk;wGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@ wufa&mufcJhojzifh
oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;Iaxmif'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf// xdk@twGuf OD;omqdkifonf jypfr_qdkif&mOya'
yk'fr 122 (1)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 11 (n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif
rS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (2)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(995)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemifjyKvkyfrnfh a¶G;
aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ ZGefv (2)&ufae@wGif tif;pdeftusOf;
axmifrS jyefvGwfonf?
17? wGHaw;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;jrv_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;jrv_difonf wGHaw;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

1935 ckESpf/ rwfv (13)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;pHb.om;jzpfonf? wGHaw;+rdK@e,f a&wGif;ukef;aus;&GmZmwd
jzpfonf? OD;jrvd_ifonf Oypm 0dZ…m(c)txdynmoif=um;cJhonf// 1968 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd awmifil
c¶dkif/ xef;wyif+rdK@e,f ygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if/ +rdK@e,fygwD,lepf OuUX/ usef;rma&;raumif;ojzifh 1978 ckESpf
wGifvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;ESifhtnDEkwfxGufcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif a&wGif;ukef;aus;¶GmY udk,fydkifv,f,m
vkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf?
18? wdkuf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;vSxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vSxGef;onf wkduf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? wkduf}uD;+rdK@e,f/ tdkifuavmifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;avmufuH/ trd a':aiG&Dwdk@rS 1932 ckESpf/
{+yDv (3)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSxGef;onf 1957 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@udkvnf;
aumif;/ 1968 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ…mbJG@udkvnf;aumif;&¶SdcJhonf? ausmif;om;b0wGif wkduf}uD;+rdK@e,f
ausmif;om;or*~ twGif;a&;r–;/ tif;pdefc¶dkifausmif;om;or*~ OuUX/ &efukefwuUodkvf wkd;wufaom
ausmif;om;tiftm;pk tzJG@0if/ ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*~ 'kwd,OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJh
onf? 1964-65 ckESpfwGif tif;pdef+rdK@e,f/ q-p-w-u OuUX/ 1966 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd ygwD,lepf
OuUX/ t&efA[dkaumfrwD0if/ &efukefwkdif;a'oygwDaumfrwD0if/ 1977 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOf
ygwDrS tem;ay;jcif;cH&onf? xdk@aemuf w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpf vkdufygaqmif¶Gufonf?
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19? wdkuf=uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a':pefar(a&$ularESif;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a':pefar(a&$ularESif;)onf wkduf}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

tm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(19866)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(51²9)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? a&$ul+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdef.orD;jzpfonf? 1939 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (15)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf?
0dZ…mbGJ@&cJhonf? a':pefaronf tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&mr/ txufwef;jyausmif;q&mr/ jrefrmhtoH
0efxrf;/ pma&;q&mpaomb0rsm;udkjzwfoef;vmcJhonf// trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trsdK;orD;A[dk
vkyfief;tzJG@acgif;aqmif wm0ef,lcJhonf? jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 193 ('kwd,ydkif;)t& jypf'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh
&I 1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (25) &ufae@wGif v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufcHcJh&onf? 28/ Áp>m
&mrvrf;/ 0*~D&dyfom/ urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f/ &efukefwGifaexdkifcJh&mrS 2002 ckESpfwGif tqdkyg jynfvrf;ab;¶Sd
0*~D&yfuGuftm; &efukef+rdK@awmfpnfyifom,ma&;aumf rwDESifhyk*~vduuefx¶dkufwmrsm;yl;aygif;I t"rR
odrf;,l&eftwGuf trSwf(3)ppfa'orª; Adkvfrª;}uD;&efEdkifOD;rS {+yDv (5)&ufae@aemufqHk;xm; a¶$@ajymif;cdkif;
onfudkrvdkufemojzifh noef;aumiftcsdef ppfwyfESifh0dki;f I nwGif;csif;aetdrfrsm;udkzsufqD;/ ypPnf;rsm;udk
pvif;uGif;twGif;pkyHkxm;+yD; ESifxkwfcJhojzifh ajymif;a¶$@ay;cJh&onf?
20? awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;pdk;jrifh(c)ocifpdk;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdk;jrifh(c)ocifpdk;jrifhonf awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@

csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(13959)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²29)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1923 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (16)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;&Sdef.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdk;jrifh(c)
ocif pdk;jrifhonf ajrmif;jr+rdK@wGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm (6)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,f
wkd@Armtpnf;t¶Hk; twGif;a&;r–;/ e,fcsJ@ESifhzufqpfawmfvSefa&;ajratmufacgif;aqmif/ ArmhumuG,fa&;
wyfrawmf(bD'Dat) wyf&if;r–;/ ykodrfc¶dkif jrpf0u|ef;ay:wkdif; ppfaumfrwD0if/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkygwD
wnfaxmif&m wGifyg0ifcJh+yD;/ qdk&S,fvpfygwD ajrmif;jrc¶fdkif OuUXESifh A[dkOD;pD;tzJG@0if/ z-q-y-v A[dkOD;pD;/
A-w-v-p A[dktvkyftr_aqmif/ qdk&S,feD A[dkaumfrwD0if/ jynfol@vli,ftzJG@csKyf 'kwd,OuUX/ 1953
ckESpf AD,ifem urBmhvli,fnDvmcHoGm; udk,fpm;vS,f/ vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)&cJhonf?
t,f'Dwm/ pmðy/ (17) vkdif;tkyfcsKyfa&;r–;ponfjzifh b0rsm;pGmusifvnfcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
A[dktr_aqmif/ A[dkv,form;rsm;tzJG@ acgif;aqmif/ &efukefwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf?
ocifpkd;jrifhonf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. *ENDqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; e0w u v$wfawmfac:,lcGifhray;v#if
vkyfaqmifoifh onfenf;vrf;oHk;oG,f pmwrf;ukda&;om;ðypk&mwGifyg0ifcJojzifh oufqdkif&mrSacwWzrf;qD;
xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&uf ae@wGifjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@
wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfwdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufae@wGif zGJ@pnf;
cJhonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDwGif tzGJ@0ifjzpfvmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGif
jzpfyGm;cJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_jzpfyGm;pOf etz rS aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh
xdef;odrf;xm;cJh&mrS 2003 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif jyefvGwfonf?
- 237 -
21? awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;cifarmifausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cifarmifausmfonf awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1937 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (20)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? awmifom+rdK@e,f/ qDrD;uef&GmZmwd
jzpfonf? OD;aomif;.om;jzpfonf? OD;cifarmifausmfonf 1953 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhI
1959 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS tif*sifeD,m(pufr_)bJG@ B.sc.,(Mach) &¶SdcJhonf? 1959 ckESpf/ {+yDv
(10) &ufae@wGif wyfrawmf(=unf;) v#yfppfESifhpufr_tif*sifeD,mwyfzJG@wGif jyefwrf;0ifAdkvf/ 1964 ckESpf/
pufwif bmv (18)&ufae@wGif Adkvf}uD;/ 1972 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (20)&ufae@wGif Adkvfr–;/ 1978 ckESpf/ rwfv
(2)&uf ae@wGif 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;/ 1981 ckESpfESifh 1984 ckESpfwdk@wGif ppfpnf;urf;t&ta&;,lcHcJh&+yD;
wyfrawmfrSE_wfxGufcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf tiSm;,mOfarmif;b0jzifhtoufarG;cJhonf? ,if;onf
“trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftwGif; 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOfrsm;ESifhqef@usifv#uf rdrdae&m&&Sda&;twGuf wpfOD;ESifh
wpfOD; yk*~dKvfa&;wkdufcdkufr_rsm;usifhoHk;vmonfhtwGuf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf.acgif;aqmifr_ tay:
wGif r,Hk=unfawmhojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufcGifhðyyg&ef”aumfr&SifxHwifjyvmI
aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (28)&ufae@wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufcGifhðya=umif;
a=unmcsuftrSwf(961) jzifha=unmcJhonf?
22? xef;wyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;wifudkudk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifudkudkonf xef;wyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

tz OD;ydkif/ trd a':wifwif}uD;wkd@rS 1923 ckESpf/ rwfv (18)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifudkudkonf
A[dktrsdK;om;txufwef;ausmif;/ rEWav;rS q,fwef;atmif+yD;aemuf 1948 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfY
Oypmtxufwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1949 ckESpfrS 1973 ckESpftxd 'kwd,AdkvfrS 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;
txd umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ taemufajrmufwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf/ 1973 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd OD;aqmif
!$ef=um;a&;r–;/ owWKwGif;0ef}uD;Xme/ 1980 jynfhESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxdA[ef;+rdK@e,fw&m;ol}uD;/ 1988 ckESpf/
rwfvrS =o*kwfvtwGif; wyfrawmfwyfr–;a[mif;rsm;tzJG@A[dkaumfrwD(jyef=um;a&;)tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJh
onf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;(,if;wdk@tac: {nfh
a*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJh&mrS 1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&DvwGif usef;rma&;tajctaeqdk;0g;ojzifh
aetdrfjyefydk@cJhonf? aetdrfwGif aq;ukor_cHae&mrS 1999 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf?
23? '*Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;atmifaZmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmifaZmfonf '*Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI0if

- 238 -
OD;rif;ol(*Dwpmqkd).om;jzpfonf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1967 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (29)&ufae@zGm;jzpf
onf? OD;atmifaZmfonf r*Fvmawmif!Gef@tpdk;& rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)/ '*Hktpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;
trSwf(2)/ pdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;txufwef;ausmif;(awmifil)/ ysOf;rem;pdkufysdK;a&;ody`Hwdk@wGif pdkufysdK;a&;'Dyvdkrm
aemufqHk;ESpftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd v,f,mpdfkufysdK;a&;aumfydka&;&Sif;
(¶Hk;csKyf) tvkyfoif0efxrf;/ 1987 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf?
24? '*Hk+rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;xGef;tkef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;xGef;tkef;onf '*Hk+rdK@opf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(21636)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²54)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
OD;armifyk/ trd a':0ufwdk@rS 1943 ckESpf/ rwfv (13)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? vSnf;ul;+rdK@e,f/ aygufb
avmufaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGef;tkef;onf (9)wef;xdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1976 ckESpfwGif a':pef;Ek
ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD0if/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,f jynfol@
aumifpD0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1998
ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (4)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1419)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwf
xGufa=umif;a=unmcJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (18)&ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf?
&[ef;'g,um}uD;
OD;xGef;tkef; touf(60)
&efukef+rdK@/ r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,f/ (5)&yfuGufae (OD;armifyk-a':0uf)wdk@.om;/ trSwf 214(E)/ rpdk;&drf
ausmif;vrf;/ udk;rdkif/ r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,fae a':pef;Ek.cifyGef;/ raucdkifxGef;/ armifaZmfrif;cdkifwdk@. arG;ozcif/
OD;pdk;0if;-a':odef;0if;/ OD;pHaiG-a':jrifhpdef/ OD;vSa¶$-a':jrifhjrifhpef;/ OD;cifndK-a':EdkifEdkif0if;wdk@. tpfudk}uD;
OD;xGef;tkef;onf 18-7-2002 &ufwGif uG,fvGefoGm;ygI 20-7-2002 (paeae@) nae 3 em&DwGif a&a0;
okomefY rD;o+*õK[fygrnf?
usef&pfolrdom;pk
25? 'v+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdef0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdef0if;onf 'v+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15417)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(63²47)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rdwˆDvm+rdK@
Zmwdjzpfonf? 1953 ckESpf/ arv (13)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;!Gef@.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdef0if;onf rdwˆDvm
+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifI 1975 ckESpfwGif rauG;aumvdyfrS ody`HbJG@&¶SdcJhonf?
1977 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd uDvDaps;yGJ¶Hkvkyfief;/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd blrdowÎKOD;pD;Xme "gwfcJG
cef;r–;/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd uDvDaps;yGJ¶Hkvkyfief;/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD
ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif uDvDaps;or*~twGif;a&;r–;/ ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_}uD;=uyfa&;aumfrwD &duQmtzJG@r–;/
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wkdif;pnf;tzGJ@0iftjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf?
- 239 -
26? a'gyHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;jrarmifonf a'gyHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(15375)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(64²48)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 0rf;wGif;
+rdK@e,f/ wrmukef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;bkd;wif/ trd a':qdkifwdk@rS 1925 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (28)&uf
ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;jrarmifonf ArmhvGwfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)zJG@pnf;onfrS zsufodrf;onftxd
&JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifAdkvfvif;,kefwyfwGifyg0ifawmfvSefcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(wwd,qifh)&I
owWrwef;txd ausmif;ynmoif=um;cJhonf?
27? ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;Edkif;Edkif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;onf ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

usdKufxdk+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;apmbodef;.om;jzpfonf? 1942 ckESpf/ {+yDv (3)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf?
OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;onf &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@ESifh pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS tkyfcsKyfr_ESifhpDrHcef@cJGa&;ynm('Dtrfat)
bJG@vGefwdk@toD;oD;&¶SdcJhonf// 1967 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd refae*sm ukefoG,fa&;/ 1983 ckESpfwGif
rdrdqENtav#muftvkyfrSE_wfxGufI u|rf;usifr_today;0efxrf;ESifh twdkifyifct H jzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf?
ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr
122 (1) t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpeG f;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufvdkufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS
1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (30)&ufae@wGif a=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfha¶G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0ifcGifhudk
vnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (13)&ufESifh (14)&ufae@rsm;wGif OD;apmEdkif;Edkif;/ &efukef
wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0if OD;pdk;[ef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkXmecsKyf¶Hk;tzGJ@0if OD;xGef;jrifh/ A[ef;+rdK@e,f
pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@ OuUX OD;atmifjrifh(uAsmq&m-zsmyHkeDvHkOD;)/ 'kwd,OuUX OD;pdk;/ uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;
tzGJ@ OuUX OD;ausmfpdefatmif/ 'kwd,OuUX rsm;jzpf=uonfh OD;xdef0if;/ OD;pdefaX;/ twGif;a&;rª; OD;aZmfOD;/
b¾ma&;rª; OD;pef;+rdKif/ pnf;tzGJ@0if OD;wif!Gef@wdk@tm; tm%mydkifrsm;rS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJh+yD; OD;apmEdkif;Edkif;
ESifh (5)OD;tm; trsdK;om;'Drdk ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tzGJ@0ifrsm;.oabmxm;a=unmcsufa&;om;r_jzifh tvkyfESifh
axmif'%f(21)ESpfpD csrSwfcJhonf?
---------
OD;at;=uL(c)rkH&Gmatmif&Sif/ OD;atmifjrihf/ OD;pkd;[ef/ OD;xGef;jrihf/ OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif;(c)OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;/

OD;pdefxGef;ausmfwkd@(5)OD; 0kdif;0ef;a&;om;onhf a=unmcsuf?
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trSwf(97§c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwdkifvrf;/
- 240 -
A[ef;+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@?
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/
tzGJ@0ifrsm;.oabmxm;a=unmcsuf?
1? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf w&m;0if&yfwnfv#uf&dSaomEdkifiHa&;ygwDjzpfonf? odk@twGuf

w&m;0ifaomygwDpnf;&Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk w&m;0ifvkyfudkifcGifh&dS+yD;jzpfonf? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf.
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;a':atmifqef;pk=unf. ygwDpnf;&Hk;a&;vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;a=umifh rnfonfh
tcg/ rnfonfhae&mwGifr# w&m;Oya'pkdk;rdk;a&;udkvnf;aumif;/ &yf&Gmat;csrf;wnf+idrfa&;udk vnf;aumif;
taESmifht,SufjzpfcJhjcif;r&dSay? Ttcsufrsm;onf rnfolr#rjiif;y,fEdkifaomtcsufrsm; jzpfonf?
2? TrSefuefcsufrsm;udk EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGH@+zdK;a&;aumifpDtaejzifhvnf;od&dS+yD;jzpfonf?
odk@ygvsuf &efukefwdkif;twGif;&dS uGef;+cHukef;+rdK@ESifhaumhr_;+rdK@rsm;odk@oGm;aom a':atmifqef;pk=unf.
w&m;0ifpnf;&Hk;a&;c&D;pOfudk ,kwWdrwefaomta=umif;jycsufrsm;jzifh Oya'rJh/ [ef@wm;ydwfqdk@xm;,Hkr# ru
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vnf;aumif;/ jynfolvlxk.axmufcHr_udkvnf;aumif;/ csdeJ@tm;enf;atmif ðyvkyfEdkifrnf r[kwfay?
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a&;udk zsufqD;vdkufjcif;jzpfonfudkvnf; rnfolr#jiif;y,fvdrfhrnfr[kwfay? EdkifiHawmfat;csrf; om,ma&;
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aomtaxGaxGjy\emrsm;/ t=uyftwnf;rsm; ajyaysmufoGm;jcif;r&dS,Hkr#ru/ ydkIydkI omqdk;&Gm;vm+yD;
aemufqHk;Y xdrf;rEdkif/ odfrf;r&jzpfvmEdkifbG,f&mom&dSonf? EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGH@+zdK;a&;
aumifpDutpOfaºuG;a=umfaeaom acwfrDrGH@+zdK;wdk;wufonfh'Drdka&pDEdkifiHawmf}uD; ay:aygufa&;onfvnf;
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4? tu,fpifppftm;jzifh trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh a':atmifqef;pk=unfwnf&dSaejcif;onf wdkif;jynf

wGif EdkifiHa&;t=urf;zufr_rsm;ESifh vufeufudkifyËdyuQrsm;udkavsmhyg;apayonf? wdkif;&if;om; aoG;pnf;
nD!Gwfr_ydkrdkcdkifrma&; tvm;tvmaumif;rsm;udkjzpfay:aponfhtjyif awmifolv,form;/ tvkyform;/
jynfoltrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;vli,frsm;wdk@.ar#mfvifhcsufrsm;jynfh0aprnfh tiftm;yifjzpfonf? odk@ygI
tzGJ@csKyfacgif;aqmifrsm;tm;vHk;udk vGwfvyfpGmv_yf&Sm;oGm;vmEdkifa&;twGuf [ef@wm;ydwfyifr_rsm;udk
csufjcif;&kyfodrf;ay;&ef/ tzGJ@csKyfXmecsKyf&Hk;udkjyefvnfzGifhvSpf+yD; w&m;0ifEdkifiHa&;ygwDwck . vGwfvyfcGifh rsm;/
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trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0ifrsm;?
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1362 ckESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhae@
2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (12)&uf?
---------
a=unmcsufa&;om;olrsm;tm; 1950 jynhfESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)t&

axmif(7)ESpfcs vkdufonhf w&m;&kH;tr_wJG?
pD&ifcsufykHpH
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2000 ckESpf/ &mZ0wf}uD;r_trSwf - 23
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pD&ifcsuf
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(10-9-2000)&ufae@ESihf (12-9-2000)&ufae@wGif OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif;(c)OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;. aetdrfcef;wGifpka0;awG@qkH
I a':pk=unfESihf pDtD;pDtzJG@0ifrsm; aetdrfwGifoGm;vmv_yf&Sm;r_uef@owfxm;r_ukd tjrefv$wfay;&ef/ Xme
csKyf&kH;ESihf wkdif;&kH;ydwfxm;jcif;ukd jyefzGihfay;&ef/ tpkd;& tifeft,fvf'DESifh wkdif;&if;om;tzJG@0ifrsm;ygaom
(3)yGihfqkdifawG@qkHaqG;aEG;a&;ukd tjrefaqmif&Guf&efESihf EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESihfzHG@+zdK;a&;aumifpD.
Oya'rhJvkyf&yfrsm;ukduef@uGuf&_wfcs&ef ponfwkd@yg0ifaom (12-9-2000)&ufae@pJGyg trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD
tzJG@csKyf/ tzJG@0ifrsm;.oabmxm;a=unmcsufukd 0kdif;0ef;wkdifyifaqG;aEG;jcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGefysLwm
&kdufESdyfjcif;/ tar&duefoH&kH;rSwqihf ADGtkdattoHv$ihfXmeokd@ay;ykd@jcif;wkd@ukd vkyfaqmifchJ=ua=umif; ppfaq;
awG@&dS&ojzihf 4if;wkd@(6)OD;tay: 1950 jynhfESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)jzihf ta&;,lay;yg&ef
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&kdufESdyf+yD;pmrlwkd@ukd oufaocH(c)ESihf(c-2)wkd@t& &SmazGykHpHukdoufaocH(*)tjzpf‚if;/ OD;atmif&Sifwkd@u
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csufukd 0kdif;0ef;wkdifyifaqG;aEG;jcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfjcif;wkd@ jyKvkyfygonf[lI trsKd;om;
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ponfjzihf xGufqkdchJ=uonf?
w&m;vkdjyoufaorsm;ESihf ‚if;wkd@wifjyaomoufaocHpm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;t& w&m;cH OD;at;=uL
(c)rkH&Gmatmif&Sif/ OD;atmifjrihf/ OD;pkd;[ef/ OD;xGef;jrihf/ OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif;(c)OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;wkd@tay:wGif 1950 jynhfESpf/
ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n) t&pJGcsufwif&ef jrifomaomtaxmuftxm;rsm;&dSonhftwGuf
‚if;wkd@tay:wifoGif;onhfOya'yk'fr 5 (n)jzihf pJGcsufwifchJonf?
Ttr_ESihfqufpyfr_&Sd+yD; jypfr_ao;trSwf - 30§2000 rSxGufajy;aeol OD;pdefxGef;ausmftay: jypfr_
qkdif&musihfxkH;Oya'yk'fr - 87§88t& aqmif&Gufrnfjzpfonf?
ppfaq;+yD;chJaomw&m;vkdjyoufaorsm;teufrS tr_ppft&m&dSOD;ausmfausmfvd_ifukd jyefac:oufao
tjzpfppfaq;chJ=uonf? OD;ausmfausmfvd_ifu w&m;cHrsm;onftqkdygoabmxm;a=ujimcsufukd AkdvfcsKyfrSL;
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w&m;cHOD;at;=uLu rdrdonf tzJG@0ifrsm;.wm0efay;csuft& oabmxm;a=ujimpmwrf;rl=urf;
ukda&;om;+yD; tzJG@0ifrsm;ukdzwfapchJa=umif;/ pmacsma&;om;&efwm0efay;onhftwGuf pmacsma&;+yD; EkdifiH
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OD;pkd;[ef.ZeD; vjynhfqGrf;au|;onhfae@wGif‚if; vli,frsm;rausreyfajymqkda0zef=ua=umif;/ rvkdvm;tyf
aom jy\emrsm;jzpfay:rnfqkdonhftwGuf tzJG@0ifrsm;ESihfwkdifyif+yD; w&m;0iftzJG@tpnf;jzpfonhf rdrdwkd@
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xGufqkdonf?
w&m;cHOD;pkd;[efrSmw&m;&kH;csKyfa&S@aejzpfonf? ‚if;.wkdifcsufESihf w&m;vkdjyoufaorsm;.xGufcsuf
rsm;onf (10-9-2000)ae@u rdrdyg0ifaqG;aEG;chJonf[kyg&dSaomfvnf; r[kwfa=umif;/ tzJG@0ifOD;xGef;jrihf.
ta=umif;=um;pmt& vli,frsm;ukdajzmifhzsaqG;aEG;ay;&efajymonhftwGuf (12-9-2000)&ufae@wGif
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Oya' 94 t& &SmazG0&rf;xkwfoihf+yD;/ odrf;qnf;oihfyga=umif;wifjyonf? ‚if;onf (10-9-2000)&uf
ae@uaqG;aEG;&mwGif yg0ifjcif;r&dSonhfwkdifatmif (12-9-2000)&ufae@u OD;Ekdif;Edkif;tdrfokd@a&muf&dSchJa=umif;
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- 243 -
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EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;a&;ukd xdckdufapvkdonhf&nf&G,fcsufr&dSa=umif; ponfjzihfxGufqkdonf?
w&m;cHOD;apmEkdif;Ekdif;(c)OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;rS rdrdtrd fwGifvma&mufaqG;aEG;=uonfrSmrSefuefyga=umif;/ tzJG@
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&G,fyga=umif;/ uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfjcif;rSm rdrdroda=umif; xGufqkdonf?
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OD;&Jaemifyg-2 tr_1 wGif xkH;zJG@xm;onf?
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xif&Sm;jcif;r&dSay? xkd@a=umihf ‚if;wkd@u wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&;xHay;chJaom ppfa=umcsufrsm;onf
vufrcHEkdifp&mta=umif;r&dSay? tqkdygppfa=umcsufrsm;rSm oufaocH(C)rS( )xd jzpfonf?
,if;ppfaq;csufrsm;ESihf w&m;vkdjyoufaorsm;.tppfcHcsufrsm;aygif;pyfv#if trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD
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tifeft,fvf'DESihf wkdif;&if;om;tzJG@0ifrsm;yg0ifaom okH;yGihfqkdifaqG;aEG;a&;ukd tjrefaqmif&Guf&efESihf EkdifiH
awmfat;csrf;om,ma&;zHG@+zKd;a&;aumifpD.Oya'rhJvkyf&yfrsm;ukd uef@uGu&f _wfcs&efygonf? (12-9-2000)
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OD;atmif&Sifwkd@u tqkdyga=unmcsufukdEkdifiHawmft}uD;tuJjzpfonhfAkdvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;xHwifjy&ef &nf&G,fcsuf
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onf[k qkd&rnfjzpfayonf?
“trdef@”
OD;atmif&Sif(c)OD;at;=uL (b)OD;bkd;0if;/ OD;atmifjrihf(c)zsmykHeDvkHOD; (b)OD;bef'k/ OD;pkd;[ef (b)

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ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n) t& tjypf&dSojzihf tvkyfESihfaxmif(7)ESpfpDuscHap&ef trdef@csrSwfvkduf
onf?
axmif'%frS csKyf&ufrsm;ukdxkwfE_wfcHpm;ap?
ykH§ »»»
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(bausmf)
wJGzufwkdif;w&m;ol}uD;(4)
&efukefwkdif;w&m;&kH;?
1? 1991 ckESpf/ jrefrmEkdifiHpD&ifxkH; pm - 63
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a=unmcsufa&;om;olrsm;tm; 1962 ckESpf/ ykHESdyfolrsm;ESihfxkwfa0olrsm;rSwfykHwifOya' yk'fr(17) ESihf

yk'fr(20) t& pkpkaygif; axmif(14)ESpfcsvkdufonhf w&m;&kH;tr_wJG?
pD&ifcsufykHpH
&mZ0wfw&m;ol}uD;&kH;awmfY
2000 jynhfESpf/ 'DZifbmv 14 &ufae@
2000 jynhfESpf/ &mZ0wfr_}uD;trSwf - 24
'k&JrSL; vSjrihf
w&m;vkd
ESihf
OD;at;=uL(c)rkH&Gmatmif&Sif yg - 5
w&m;cH
1962 ckESpf/ ykHESdyfolrsm;ESihfxkwfa0olrsm;rSwfykHwifOya' yk'fr - 17§20 t& pJGr_?
pD&ifcsuf
tr_rSm OD;at;=uL(c)rkH&Gmatmif&Sif/ OD;atmifjrihf/ OD;xGef;jrihf/ OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif;(c)OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;ESihf

xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifaeol tifeft,fvf'DygwD {&m0wDwkdif;pnf; 'k-OuUX OD;pdefxGef;ausmfw@kd onf
(10-9-2000)ae@ESihf (12-9-2000)ae@wkd@wGif OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;.aetdrfwGifpka0;awG@qkHI a':pk=unfESihf pDtD;pD
tzJG@0ifrsm; aetdrfwGifoGm;vmv_yf&Sm;r_uef@owfxm;r_ukd tjrefjyefv$wfay;&ef/ XmecsKyf&kH;ESihf wkdif;&kH;
ydwfxm;r_ukd zGihfay;&ef/ tpkd;&/ tifeft,fvf'DESihf wkdif;&if;om;tzJG@rsm;ygaom (3)yGihfqkdifaqG;aEG;a&;ukd
tjrefaqmif&Guf&efESihf EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESihfzHG@+zdK;a&;aumifpD. Oya'rhJvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ukd
&_wfcs&ef (12-9-2000)&ufpJGyg trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyftzJG@0ifrsm;. oabmxm;a=ujimcsufukd
0kdif;0ef;wkdifyifjcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfjcif;/ tar&duefoH&kH;rSwqihf ADGtkdattoHv$ihfXmeokd@
toHv$ihfEkdif&ef oGm;a&mufay;ykd@jcif;rsm;vkyfaqmifchJ&m ,if;okd@ a&;om;&kdufESdyfjzef@a0chJjcif;rsm;onf
oufqkdif&mcGihfjyKcsufwpfpkHwpf&mr&dSbJ vkyfaqmifchJjcif;jzpfonhftwGuf ‚if;wkd@ 6 OD; tay: 1962 ckESpf/
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ykHESdyfolrsm;ESihfxkwfa0olrsm;rSwfykHwifOya' yk'fr - 17§20 jzihf tr_zGihfta&;,lay;yg&ef owif;wyfzJG@rS 'k-
&JrSL; OD;vSjrifhu wkdifwef;&mrS ay:aygufvmaomtr_jzpfonf?
tr_wGif 'k-&JrSL; OD;vSjrifh(vkdjy-1)/ &JtkyfaZmfrif;(vkdjy-2)/ OD;ausmfpkd;ESihfOD;wifxGËf (vkdjy-3 ESihf 4 )
ESihf tr_ppft&m&dS&Jtkyfausmfausmfvd_ifwkd@ukdppfaq;chJonf? wkdifcsufudk oufaocH(u)ESihf(u-1)wkd@t&‚if;/
&SmazGykHpHukd oufaocH(c)tjzpf‚if;/ trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyftzJG@0ifrsm;. oabmxm;a=ujimcsufukd
oufaocH(c-1)t&‚if;/ tqkdyga=ujimcsufukd uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfxm;onhfpm&Gufukd oufaocH(c-2)tjzpf
‚if;/ wifjyIvufcHonf? xkd@jyif OD;atmif&Sifwkd@(6)OD;u axmufvSrf;a&;t&m&dSxHwGif ‚if;wkd@jypfr_usL;vGef
r_ESihfywfoufI xGufqkdtppfcHcsufrsm;ukd oufaocH(*)rS(q)txd‚if; vufcHchJonf?
'k-&JrSL; OD;vSjrifh(vkdjy-1)/ &JtkyfaZmfrif;(vkdjy-2)/ &efuif;&,uOuUX OD;ausmfpkd;ESihf tzJG@0if
OD;wifxGËf (vkdjy-3 ESihf 4 )ESihf tr_ppft&m&dS&Jtkyfausmfausmfvd_ifwkd@u OD;at;=uL(c)rkH&Gmatmif&Sif
wnf;ckdonhf omauwxef;awmy&d,wWdpmoifwkdufokd@ (14-9-2000)&ufae@wGif oGm;a&muf&SmazGodrf;
qnf;&m trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf0ifrsm;. (12-9-2000)&ufpJGyg oabmxm;a=ujimcsuf vufa&;rl
wpfapmifESihf uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfxm;aompm&Guf(15)&Gufwkd@ukd OD;atmif&SifxHrS oufaocH(c)&SmazGykHpHjzihf
odrf;qnf;&rdchJa=umif;/ tqkdygoabmxm;a=ujimcsufonf ‚if;wkd@(6)OD; 0kdif;0ef;wkdifyifaqG;aEG;jcif;/ a&;
om;jcif;/ uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfjcif;/ tar&duefoH&kH;rSwqihf ADGtkdattoHv$ihfXmeokd@ toHv$ifhxkwfEkdif&efay;ykd@
jcif;rsm;vkyfaqmifchJa=umif;/ ,if;okd@ a&;om;&kdufESdyfjzef@a0jyKvkyfr_onf oufqkdif&mcGihfjyKcsuf wpfpkHwpf&m
r&dSbJvkyfaqmifchJjcif;jzpfygonf[k xGufqkd=uonf?
OD;atmif&Sifyg 6-OD;wkd@u axmufvSrf;a&;t&m&dSxHwGif ‚if;wkd@jypfr_usL;vGefonf[k xGufqkdtppfcH
csuf ppfa=umcsufrsm;wGifvnf; azmfjyxm;onfukdawG@&dS&onf?
w&m;vkdjyoufaorsm;.xGufqkdcsufrsm;/ pm&Gufpmwrf;taxmuftxm;rsm;t& w&m;cHrsm;
onf trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf. (12-9-2000)&ufpJGyga=ujimcsufukd 0kdif;0ef;wkdifyifaqG;aEG; a&;om;
jcif;/ uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfjcif;rsm;onf oufqkdif&mcGihfjyKcsufr&dSbJvkyfaqmifa=umif; jrifomaomoufaocH
csufrsm;&dSojzihf OD;atmif&Sifyg 6-OD;wkd@tay:wGif 1962 ckESpf/ ykHESdyfolrsm;ESihfxkwfa0olrsm;rSwfykHwifOya'
yk'fr - 17§20 t&‚if;/ yk'fr 20 t&‚if; pJGcsufwifchJonf?
OD;atmif&Sifyg 6 OD;wkd@u tjypfr&dSa=umif;jiif;y,f+yD; ppfaq;+yD;aom w&m;vkdjyoufaorsm;
teuf tr_ppft&m&dSOD;ausmfausmfvd_ifukd ac:,lppfaq;&efwifjychJonf?
tr_ppft&m&dSOD;ausmfausmfvd_iftm; jyefvnfac:,lppfaq;&mwGif ‚if;wkd@onf tqkdyga=ujimcsuf
tm; qlylr_jzpfap&efa&;om;chJjcif;r[kwf[kqkdv#ifrrSefa=umif;/ uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfonhfudpPudkvnf; EkdifiHawmf
t}uD;tuJxHay;ykd@&rnhfpmjzpfonhftwGuf uGefysLwm&dkdufESdyfjcif;jzpfa=umif;/ okd@aomfvnf; xkdudpPukdrdrd
wkd@roda=umif;ar;jref;csufukdvnf; OD;ausmfausmfvd_ifu rrSefa=umif;ajzqkdchJonf?
Ttr_ESihfqufpyfr_&dSaom jypfr_taxGaxG trSwf - 31§2000 rS OD;pdefxGef;ausmftay: jypfr_
qkdif&musihfxkH;Oya' yk'fr - *7§** t& qufvufta&;,laqmif&Guf&ef qkH;jzwfchJonf?
w&m;cH OD;at;=uL(c)rkH&Gmatmif&Sifu tqkdyga=ujimcsufpmwrf;ukd tzJG@0ifrsm;.wm0efay;csuf
t& rdrdupm=urf;a&;om;+yD;wifjychJa=umif;/ pmacsmukd rdrda&;ul;chJa=umif; EkdifiHawmft}uD;tuJ AkdvfcsKyfrSL;
}uD;oef;a&$xHay;ykd@&ef&nf&G,fonhftwGuf oyf&yfaumif;rGefap&ef wpfOD;wpfa,muftm; uGefysLwm&kdufESdyf
apchJa=umif;/ vkyfom;jynfolrsm;qlylr_jzpfap&ef &nf&G,faompum;vkH;ryga=umif;/ tzJG@csKyfvl}uD;rsm; oGm;
vmv_yf&Sm;r_csKyfcs,fxm;r_udpP/ tzJG@csKyf&kH;ESihf wkdif;&kH;ydwfxm;r_tay: vli,fwpfpkura=ureyfjzpfI a0zef
aqG;aEG;onfukd rdrdwkd@=um;&yga=umif;/ rvkdvm;tyfaomjy\emrsm; rjzpfay:ap&eftwGuf rdrdwkd@tzJG@0if
rsm;wkdifyif=u+yD; AkdvfcsKyfrSL;}ud;xHwifjy&ef&nf&G,f+yD; a&;om;chJjcif;jzpfa=umif; xkacsonf?
w&m;cHOD;atmifjrifh/ OD;pkd;[ef/ OD;xGef;jrifh/ OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;(c)apmEkdif;Ekdif;wkd@u (10-9-2000)&ufae@wGif
OD;pkd;[efrStywkdifyifchJ=ua=umif;/ 12-9-2000 &ufae@wGif OD;pkd;[eftygt0if rdrdwkd@ OD;Ekdif;Ekdif;tdrfwGif
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xyfrHawG@qkHchJ=u+yD; OD;atmif&Sifupm=urf;a&;om;jcif;jyKvkyfonfukdodyga=umif;/ okd@aomfuGefysLwm&kdufESdyf
rnhfudpPukd rdrdwkd@rodyga=umif; xkacschJ=uonf?
tr_wGifta&;}uD;aomtaxmuftxm;wpf&yfrSm w&m;cHrsm;rS ‚if;wkd@jypfr_usL;vGefr_ESihfywfouf
I trsKd;om;axmufvSrf;a&;tzJG@xHwGif xkwfazmftppfcHonhftcsufjzpfonf? trsKd;om;axmufvSrf;a&;
tzJG@xH w&m;cHwkd@. jypfr_usL;vGefr_ESihfywfoufI xkwfazmftppfcHcsufrsm;onf oufaocHOya' yk'fr - 24
wGifazmfjyxm;aom aoG;aqmifjcif;/ uwdxm;jcif;/ +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;ukd usL;vGefa=umif; ay:vGifxif&Sm;jcif;
r&dSv#if ‚if;wkd@u wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&;tzJG@wGifay;chJaom ppfa=umcsufrsm;ukd vufrcHEkdifp&m
ta=umif;r&dSacs[lI jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfESihfOD;&Jaemifyg - 2 tr_1 wGif xkH;zJG@xm;+yD;jzpfonf?
,cktr_wGif w&m;cHwkd@jypfr_usL;vGefykHESihfywfoufI axmufvSrf;a&;tzJG@xH tppfcHxm;jcif;rSm
oufaocHOya' yk'fr 24 wGifazmfjyxm;aom aoG;aqmifjcif;/ +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;/ uwdjyKjcif;wkd@ jyKvkyf
a=umif;ay:vGifxif&Sm;onfukd rawG@&ay? xkd@a=umihf ‚if;wkd@u axmufvSrf;a&;xHay;chJaom ppfa=umcsuf
rsm;ukd vufcH&rnfjzpfayonf?
w&m;cHrsm;u axmufvSrf;a&;tzJG@xHay;chJaomppfa=umcsufrsm;ESihf vdkjyoufao 'k&JtkyfOD;vSjrifh/
&JtkyfaZmfrif;/ tr_ppft&m&dSausmfausmfvd_ifwkd@. &SmazGykHpHoufaowkd@.tppfcHcsufrsm;t& OD;atmif&Sifyg 6
OD;wkd@onf trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@0ifrsm;u oabmxm;a=ujimcsufukd 0kdif;0ef;wkdifyifaqG;aEG; a&;om;jcif;/
uGefysLwm&kdufESdyfjcif;jzpfa=umif;ay:aygufonf? tar&duefoH&kH;rSwqihf ADGtkdatXmeokd@ toHv$ihfapo&ef
ay;ykd@xm;a=umif; taxmuftxm;xifxif&Sm;&Sm;rawG@&ay? OD;atmif&Sifwkd@u rdrdwkd@onf tqkdygoabm
xm;a=ujimcsufukd EkdifiHawmft}uD;tuJAkdvfcsKyfrSL;}uD;xHay;ykd@&ef &nf&G,fcsufrsKd;jzihf a&;om;jcif;r[kwf
a=umif; awG@&dS&onf?
OD;atmif&Sifwkd@onf oabmxm;a=ujimcsufukd oufqkdif&m.cGifhjyKcsufawmif;cHjcif; r&dSa=umif;
vnf;ay:aygufonhftwGuf ‚if;wkd@onf 1962 ckESpf/ ykHESdyfolrsm;ESihfxkwfa0olrsm;Oya' yk'fr 17 t&‚if;/
,if;Oya' yk'fr 20 t&‚if; jypfr_usL;vGefa=umif;ay:aygufonf?
w&m;cHrsm;u rdrdwkd@vkyfaqmifcsufonf wpfckwnf;omjzpfonhftwGuf jypfr_wpfckwnf;jzihfom
pum;&yfrsm;Oya'yk'fr 22 t& tjypfay;&ef okd@r[kwf jypf'%fav#mhay;&ef wifjyav#mufvJ=uonf?
w&m;cHrsm;onf &nf&G,fcsufjcif;rwlaomoD;jcm;jypfr_rsm;ukd usL;vGef=ujcif;jzpfonf? 1950 jynhf
ESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)onf jynfol@w&m;ol}uD;tzJG@!$ef=um;csuftrSwf 9 wGif azmfjy
xm;aom EkdifiHawmfvkH+cKHa&;ukdxdyg;apaomjypfr_trsKd;tpm;wGif yg0ifonf? xkd@a=umihf w&m;cHrsm;.wifjy
csufukd vufrcHEkdifay? atmufygtwkdif; trdef@csrSwfonf?
“trdef@”
OD;atmif&Sif(c)OD;at;=uL (b)OD;bkd;0if;/ OD;atmifjrihf(c)zsmykHeDvkHOD; (b)OD;bef'k/ OD;pkd;[ef (b)

OD;b&Sdef/ OD;xGef;jrihf (b)OD;=unfarmif/ OD;apmEkdif;Ekdif;(c)Ekdif;Ekdif; (b)OD;apmbodef;wkd@onf 1962 ckESpf/
ykHESdyfolrsm;ESihfxkwfa0olrsm;rSwfykHwifOya' yk'fr 17 tjypf&dSojzihf tvkyfESihfaxmif'%f(7)ESpfpD uscHap&
rnf? xkd@jyif ,if;Oya'yk'fr 20 t& tjypf&dSojzihf tvkyfESihfaxmif'%f(7)ESpfpDukdvnf; uscH&rnf?
ykH§ »»»
(bausmf)
wJGzufwkdif;w&m;ol}uD;(4)
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&efukefwkdif;w&m;&kH;?
1? 1991 ckESpf/ jrefrmEkdifiHpD&ifxkH; pm - 63
28? yef;bJwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;armifarmifatmif/ 'Drdku&ufwpfwuUokdvfbGJ@&ESifhausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@?
OD;armifarmifatmifonf yef;bJwef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif 'Drdku&ufwpfwuUodkvfbGJ@&ESifh ausmif;

om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@('-w-u-z)tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(7231)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkif
E_ef;(38²78)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;wifatmif/ trd a':cifat;a0wdk@rS 1966 ckESpf/
rwfv (12)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? &efukef+rdK@/ r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,fZmwdjzpfonf? OD;armifatmifonf 1986
ckESpfwGif "mwkaA't"dujzifh ody`HbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1987 ckESpfwGif r[mody`Ht&nftcsif;ppf tydkif;(1)oifwef;
wufa&mufcJhonf? 'Drdku&ufwpfwuUodkvfbGJ@&ESifh ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@('-w-u-z)wGif A[dk
twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
29? A[ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;xGef;v_dif/ 'Drdkua&pDygwD?
OD;xGef;v_difonf A[ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif 'Drdkua&pDygwDtm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(16271)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²3)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
OD;vS[ef/ trd a':trm=unfwdk@rS 1956 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (8)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? arG;csif;(9)a,muf
teuf om;t}uD;qHk;jzpfonf? r*Fvmawmif!Gef@+rdK@e,f(&efukef)Zmwdjzpfonf? 1979 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf
0ifwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ Oya't"du 'kwd,ESpftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? vS[efESifhom;rsm;pufr_vufr_
vkyfief;udk OD;pD;vkyfudkifonf?
30? A[ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;=unfarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;=unfarmifonf A[ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15625)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mE_ef;(73²17)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;bdk;odef;/
trd a':aiGcifwdk@rS 1920 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;=unfarmifonf 1936 ckESpf
wGif &efukef+rdK@/ pdef*|ef;aumvdyfrS (10)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1937 ckESpf/ 1938 ckESpf/ 1939 ckESpfrsm;wGif
&efukefwuUodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ OuUX OD;atmifqef;vufatmufwGifvnf;aumif;/ qufvufI
or*~ OuUX OD;vSa¶$ESifhvnf;aumif;/ or*~tvkyftr_aqmifwOD;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1938 ckESpf/
ausmif;om;oydwfwGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? 1938 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20)&ufae@wGif +Adwdo#e,fcsJ@
ynma&;pepftm; qef@usifuef@uGufqENjycJhonfh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;wGifyg0ifcJh+yD;/ e,fcsJ@ppfykvdyf
wdk@.vufcsufjzifh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifAdkvfatmifausmf '%f&m&onfrSuG,fvGefonftxd teD;uyf
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az;rjyKpkcJholjzpfonf? bDat aemufqHk;ESpftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1941 ckESpf/ bDataemufqHk;ESpfwGif
pmar;yGJrajzjzpfbJ ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtkdifatwyf)odk@0ifa&mufcJh+yD;/ r*Fvm'Hk yxrywfAdkvf
oifwef;odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? 1943 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd *syefEdkifiH/ bk&ifhwyfrawmfppfwuUodkvf
oifwef;tywfpOf(57)odk@ wufa&mufatmifjrif+yD;aemuf 1945 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif Armhwyfrawmf
wyf&if;(5)wGif jyefwrf;0ift&m¶Sd ¡udk,fydkiftrSwf 3516(=unf;)¢tjzpf tr_xrf;cJhonf? 1947 ckESpfwGif
t*FvefEdkifiHwGif oifwef;wufcJh+yD;/ 1948 ckESpfwGif wyf&if;r–;/ 1951 ckESpfwGif ajrmufydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf/
ar+rdK@ ppfOD;pD;yxrwef;/ 1953 ckESpfwGif wyfr[m(7)wyfr[mr–;/ 1955-56 ckESpfwGif wyfr–;ESifh tar&duef
EdkifiH/ zdk@'fvJAif;0yf¶Sd uGyfuJr_ESifhppfOD;pD;wuUodkvfwGifwufa&mufoif,lcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpf
txd aejynfawmfppfXmecsKyf(&efukefwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf) wdkif;r–;/ 1961 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd taemuf
awmifwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf(ykodrf) wdkif;rª;/ 1962 ckESpfwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0if/ 1963 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv
(30)&ufae@rS azazmf0g&Dv (1)&ufae@txd [oFmwc¶dkif/ 'l;,m;¶GmwGifusif;ycJhonfh awmifolv,form;
ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJodk@ wm0ef&Sdaomppfwdkif;r–;jzpfonfhtjyif awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0ifwOD;vnf;jzpfygv#uf (rdrd.
ppfwdkif;e,fajrtwGif;)awmfvSefa&;aumifpDu}uD;r–;usif;ycJhonfh ESD;aESmzvS,fyJGodk@rwufbJ trddef@ukdzDqef
cJhonfhtwGuf 1959 ckESpf/ wyfrawmftufOya't& ppfr_xrf;jcif;rS&yfpJjcif;cHcJh&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyfpwifwnfaxmifcsdefwGif okawoeXmerª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? e0w.(1§90)trdef@
qef@usifr_jzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csLyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmif/ (,m,D)
OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf?
1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)ESifh jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;& v#dK@0SufcsuftufOya'
yk'fr 6 (2)(c)ESifh 6 (3)t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&GaumuffyGJOya' yk'fr 11 (n)ESifhjidpGef;ojzifh jynfol@
v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&; aumfr&Sif
rS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfrnfh a±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y
yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkydwfyifcJhonf?
1988 ckESpf/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHk}uD;t+yD; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfzGJ‹pnf;aomtcg OD;atmif}uD;
OD;aqmifonfhtzGJ‹rSudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf yg0ifcJhonf? A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ‹0if/ okawoeXmerª;tjzpf
wm0ef,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif uGefjrLepfrsm;pdk;rdk;ae+yD[lonfh OD;atmif}uD;.pGyfpGJcsuf
ygwDwGif;jy\ema=umifh 1988 ckESpf/ 'Dzifbmv (3)&ufae@wGifusif;yonfh A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ‹tpnf;ta0; rJcGJ
qHk;jzwfcsufwGif OD;atmif}uD;tpktzGJ‹rSOD;=unfarmifonf a':atmifqef;pk=unftpktzGJ‹odk‹yl;aygif;cJhonf?
OD;wifOD;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk‹zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cH&+yD;aemuf tzGJ@csKyf. ,m,DOuUX jzpfvmonf?
*EDNcef;rtpnf;ta0;+yD;aemuf ppftm%mydkifrsm;rS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJhonf? tzGJ@csKyf OuUXtjzpf OD;atmifa±$
rSwm0ef,laepOf e0w. zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh OD;=unfarmiftygt0ifxdyfwef;acgif;aqmif(12)OD;udk tzGJ@csKyfrS
xkwfy,fcJh&onf? 1995 ckESpf/ rwfv (14)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? a':atmifqef;
pk=unfvGwfajrmufvm+yD; 1995 ckESpf/ atmufwb dk mv (9)&ufaeŒYjyefvnfzGJ‹pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_
aqmifaumfrwDY 'kwd,OuUXtjzpf wm0efay;tyf jcif;cHcJh&onf?
1996 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (9)&ufae@ nae(3;45)em&Dcef@wGif uarBmZ&dyfom0if;wHcg;.awmifzuf
(15)aycef@tuGmY vl&rf;um;rsm;u tzGJ@csKyfacgif;aqmifrsm;jzpf}uaom OD;}unfarmif/ OD;wifOD;ESifh
a':atmifqef;pk}unfwdk@tm; oHwkwf/ csdef;}udK;/ ausmufcJponfh vludkaoapEdkifaomvufeufrsdK;pHkjzifh
wm0efustm%mydkifrsm;a&S@wGift}urf;zufwdkufcdkufcJh}uonf// xdkae@ nae(4;45)em&Dcef@wGif wuUodkvf
&dyfomvrf;ESifhoHvGifvrf;axmifhY wm0efust&m&dSrsm;teD;rSvl(2)OD;ajy;xGufvm+yD; acgif;aqmifrsm;pD;vm
onfhum;udk cJjzifhypfayguf,Hkru teD;uyf'g;jzifh0ifxdk;cJh+yD; }uD;rm;aomvkyf}uHr_}uD;wckjyKvkyfcJhonf// ,if;
uJhodk@ +rdK@v,facgifwGifjzpfyGm;cJhonfhudpPESifhywfoufI tzGJ@csKyf OuUX u e0w OuUX xHodk@ w&m;0if pmjzifh
t}udrf}udrfta}umif;}um;cJhaomfvnf;/ w&m;cHrsm;udkzrf;qD;jcif;/ w&m;pGJqdkjcif;/ ESpfOD;ESpfbufoabmwlnD
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csufjzifh vGwfvyfaomcHk&Hk;udkzGJ@pnf;I w&m;cHrsm;udkazmfxkwfjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfay;jcif;r¶SdyJ vspfv#L¶_cJhonfudk
cHcJh&onf?
OD;=unfarmifonf 19-8-2004 &ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@aetdrfY uG,fvGefonf?
oD&dysHcsDOD;=unfarmif
(t+idrf;pm;Adkvfrª;}uD;)
bDpD-3516
touf(86)ESpf
&efukef+rdK@/ A[ef;+rdK@e,f/ a¶$awmif=um;(1)&yfuGuf/ trSwf(24)/ uarBmZ&dyfomae a':=unf=unf
om. cspfvSpGmaomcifyGef;/ (OD;=unfpdk;)/ (OD;jynfpdk;)-a':jrifhjrifh(tru-3/ A[ef;)/ OD;atmifoef@-a':cifrsdK;
=unf/ OD;armifarmifwdk@. cspfvSpGmaomzcif OD;=unfarmifonf 19-8-2004 (=umoyaw;ae@) rGef;vGJ 12;
15 em&DwGif b0wpfyg;odk@ ajymif;vJoGm;+yDjzpfygojzifh 21-8-2004 (paeae@) eHeuf 10 em&DwGif a&a0;ok
omefY rD;o+*õK[frnfjzpfyga=umif; &yfeD;&yfa0;ae aqGrsdK;rdwfo*F[taygif;tm; odaptyfygonf?
usef&pfolrdom;pk
¡ 1943 ckESpfrSm OD;vGifeJ@twl *syefEdkifiHudk ppfoifwef;wufzdk@oGm;wJh jrefrmvli,ft&m¶Sdavmif;

awGxJrSm oleJ@t&if;ESD;qHk;oli,fcsif;vnf;jzpf aemufydkif;rSm a,mufzjzpfvmwJh OD;=unfarmifvnf; ygyg
w,f? wuUodkvfrSmwkef;u OD;=unfarmif[m vGwfvyfa&;&¶Sda&;twGuf ausmif;om;awG&J@v_yf¶Sm;r_xJrSm
wufºuGpGm yg0ifcJholjzpfygw,f?
1938 ckESpfu qENjyyGJrSm ausmif;om;or*~&J@tvHudk jrifhjrifhudkif+yD; a¶S@qHk;uaecsDwufcJhwJholu
awmh OD;=unfarmifyJjzpfygw,f? ausmif;om;awG&J@ csDwufqENjyr_udk &yfwef@+zdKcGJzdk@twGuf jrif;pD;ykvdyfawG
[m ausmif;om;xk=um;0if+yD; eHygwfwkwfeJ@¶dkufygw,f?
tJ'Dvdk jrif;pD;ykvdyfawGu ¶kwfw&uf0if¶dkufvdk@ yxrqHk;t¶dkufcH&wJh ausmif;om;awGxJrSm OD;=unf
armifvnf; yg0ifygw,f? OD;acgif;rSm oHk;csuft¶dkufcH&+yD; yHkvJusoGm;ygw,f? ol@&J@taemufrSmuyf+yD; csDwuf
vdkufygvmwJh udkatmifausmf[m csufaumif;udkwcsufwnf;t¶dkufcH&+yD; yHkvJusoGm;ygw,f? em&Dtenf;
i,frSmawmh udkatmifausmfqdkwJh ausmif;om;vli,f[m tJ'D'%f&meJ@yJ aq;¶HkrSmuG,fvGefoGm;ygw,f?
'Dowif;a=umifh jynfolw&yfvHk; a'gotHkºuGr_[m wEdkifiHvHk; jyef@ESH@oGm;ygawmhw,f? Adkvfatmif
ausmfqdkwJh ausmif;om;tmZmenfqdkwJh emrnf[m w&m;r#wr_eJ@vGwfvyfr_twGufwdkufyGJ0ifaewJh ausmif;
om;awG&J@ pdwfxJrSm 'Duae@txd usef&pfaewkef;ygyJ?
ppfjzpfyGm;vmawmh OD;=unfarmif[m jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmfxJ0ifvdkufygw,f? vGwfvyfa&;
twGuf wyfrawmfxlaxmifcJhwJh olawGtrsm;tjym;udk tJ'Duwnf;u odu|rf;vmcJhygw,f? ppfwyfeJ@EdkifiH
a&; cGJjcm;Edkifr_udk aumif;pGmodjrifcH,lxm;wJh olwOD;jzpfwJhtwGuf 1962 ckESpfrSm ppfwyfutm%modrf;wJh
udpPudk tjyif;txefqef@usifcJhwJholjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifhvnf; 1963 ckESpfrSm taemufydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf
wdkif;rª;tjzpfeJ@ wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOfrSmyJ t+idrf;pm;,lzdk@ajymwJhtwGuf tem;,lvdkuf&wmuawmh odyf
+yD;tHh=op&mr[kwfygbl;?
wyfrawmfuae t+idrf;pm;,l+yD;wJh 25 ESpfwmumvtwGif;rSm axmifESpf}udrfuscJhygw,f? ppfwyf
udk (aemufydkif; jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD) qef@usifw,fqdkwJh oHo,eJ@ axmifuscH&wJh 'DESpf}udrf[m pkpk
aygif; (7)ESpf=umcJhygw,f?
1988 ckESpf/ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk jzpfjzpfjcif;rSmyJ OD;=unfarmif[m wwd,t}udrf tusOf;axmif
xJrSm txdef;odrf;cHcJh&ygw,f? 'gayr,fh wvavmuft=umrSm jyefvGwfvmygw,f? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwif
- 250 -
bmvrSm ol[m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf&J@ tvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD (12)OD;xJu tzGJ@0ifwOD;jzpfvm
ygawmhw,f?
1989 ckESpf/ ZlvdkifvrSm OD;wifO;D eJ@usrwdk@ aetdrfrSm txdef;odrf;cH&+yD;wJhaemuf tifeft,fvf'D&J@
tr_aqmifaumfrwDawGu acgif;aqmifr_tiftm;udkjyefpkzdk@ qHk;jzwfwJhtcsdefrSmawmh 1990 jynfhESpf a¶G;
aumufyGJrSm atmifyGJcHEdkifzdk@ OD;aqmifcJhwJh OD;=unfarmifudk a¶G;cs,fcJhwmygyJvdk@ ajym&ifrrSm;Edkifygbl;?
a¶G;aumufyGJ+yD;wJhaemuf &ufowWywftenf;i,frSm tm;vHk;aysmf¶$ifpGmeJ@ atmifyGJcH=u+yD;aemuf
jrefrmjynfolawGu tm%mydkifawG[m a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk av;pm;zdk@ pdwfqENr&nfoefbl;qdkwm wjznf;
jznf; oHo,¶Sdvmygw,f? 'Dvdk oHo,pdk;&drfpdwfudk cdkifrmapcJhwmuawmh OD;=unfarmif[m 1990 pufwif
bmvrSm pwkwˆt}udrfajrmuf tzrf;cH&+yD; ppfcHk¶Hk;u axmif'%ftESpf(20)csvdkufwmyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
vnf; ol[m 1995 ck/ rwfvrSm jyefvGwfvmygw,f?
- a':atmifqef;pk=unf. “jrefrmjynfuvmwJhpm” trSwf(19)rS ² ² ² ¢
31? Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmarmifarmifausmfonf Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(14816)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²41)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausmfpde/f trd a':wifvSwdk@rS 1961 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4)&uf
ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? &cdkiftrsdK;om;/ Ak'<bmom0ifwOD;jzpfonf? a'gufwmarmifarmifausmfonf 1978
ckESpfwGif ppfawG+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(4)rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1984 ckESpfwGif oGm;buf
qdkif&maq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbJG@(bD'Dtufpf)&¶SdcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfrS 1990 jynfhESpftxd “oufom”
udk,fydkifoGm;aq;ukcef;/ oauwESifhqdyfurf;+rdK@e,ftaemufydkif;or0g,raq;cef; oGm;bufqdkif&mq&m0ef/
1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/
Edk0ifbmv (3)&ufae@wGif trdsK;orD;wpfOD;tm;aygif;oif;+yD;/ vufxyf&efjiif;qefr_jzifh axmif'%f(1)ESpf
tjypfay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;jypfr_ESifhjypf'%ftwGuf 1991 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (14)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD
taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif;a=unm
cJhonf? aemif (10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfrnfh a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf?
32? r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;atmifa&$/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmifa&$onf r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? 1918 ckESpf/ arv (19)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;zdk;uGef;.om;jzpfonf? OD;atmifa&$onf 1940 jynfh
ESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS bDatbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;OD;aqmif
aom ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)ESifhArmhrsdK;cspfwyfr
awmf(yDbDtufzf)wdk@wGifyg0ifcJhI vGwfvyfa&;}udK;yrf;r_wGif +Adwdo#e,fcsJ@ESifh*syefzufqpfwdk@ukd awmfvSefcJh
onf? 1945 ckESpfrS 1961 ckESpftxd wyfrawmf(=unf;)wGif udk,fydkiftrSwf(3505)jzifh Adkvf}uD;tqifhrSpI
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh&m Adkvfr–;}uD;/ ppfaxmufcsKyf/ Adkvfr–;csKyf/ wkdif;r–;tqifhtxdaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1959
- 251 -
ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (25)&ufae@rS 1961 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (15)&ufae@twGif; awmifydkif;wkdif;ppfXmecsKyf
wGif wkdif;r–;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf a&G;aumufyJGYbufvdkufcJha=umif;pdppfawG@&Sd&ojzifh[kqdkum
1961 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (13)&ufae@ &mxl;cef@xm;a&;tzJG@tpnf;ta0;rS wyfrawmfwGifppfr_xrf;jcif;rS
t+idrf;pm;,lcGifhjyKcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd jrefrmEkdifiHqdkif&moHtrwf}uD; =opa=w;vs/
(e,l;ZDvef)ygyl;wGJI/ tD*spf/ jyifopf/ (pydfefESifh,leufpukd)tzJG@wkd@ygyl;wGJwm0ef,lI/ 1975 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;
pm;,lcJhonf? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ESifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwdk@wGif A[dkOuUXwm0ef,lcJhonf?
OD;atmifa&$onf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpf vufrSwfa&;xkd;v#uf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0iftjzpfrS xkwfy,fa=umif;jzifh aumfr&SifxHodk@ay;ydk@cJhonf/ aumfr&SifrS
1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifowif;xkwfjyefcsuftrSwfpOf(38§91)jzifh xkwfjyef&mwGif
“a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf aomif;usef;olrsm;ESifhqufoG,fcJhonfudk EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmuf
a&;tzJG@ twGif; a&;r–;(1)u owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJGwckwGif wkdif;odjynfod/ urBmod&Sif;vif;ajym=um;csuft&
cdkifvHkonfh taxmuftxm;&Sdae+yDjzpfa=umif;/ xdk@jyif EdkifiHjcm;owif;v$ifhXmersm;jzpf=uaom bDbDpD/
AGDtdkat/ attdkiftmwdk@rSvnf; ae@pOfrjywf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf.
acgif;aqmiftjzpfazmfjy+yD; aoG;xdk;v_H@aqmftoHv$ifhcsufrsm;t& a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf EdkifiHjcm;
wdkif;jynf. tzJG@tpnf;wckckrStaxmuftyHhudk oG,f0dkufaomenf;jzifhvufcH&&Sdaeonf[k ygwDpHk'Drkdua&pD
taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifu ,lqa=umif;aqG;aEG;csuft& trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf
onf wkdif;jynf.tusdK;/ wdkif;oljynfom;wkd@.tusdK;twGuf trdsK;om;a&;udkOD;wnf&nf&G,faeonfh tzGJ@
tpnf;jzpfyga=umif;/ wdkif;jynfta&;onf vlyk*~dKvfta&;xufta&;}uD;ygojzifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf
. rGefjrwfaomtrdsK;om;a&;udkqufvufpnf;±Hk;aqmif&GufEdkifa&;twGuf a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; trsKd;
om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf tzJG@0iftjzpfrSxkwfy,fvdkufyga=umif;/ 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (11)&ufae@wGif
usif;yðyvkyfonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmif tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& trdsK;
om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzJG@ukd,fpm; OuUXOD;atmifa&$.vufrSwfa&;xdk;wifjycsuf”
[lIazmfjyyg&Sdonf?
¡ tifeft,fvf'D&J@ OuUX uawmh OD;atmifa¶$jzpfygw,f? ol[m 1942 ckESpfrSm jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;

wyfrawmf bDtdkifatxJudk 0ifcJhygw,f? 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;jzpfyGm;aecsdeftwGif; wdkif;jynftwGuf us&mae
&muae b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf wm0efwckudkxrf;aqmifzdk@vdktyfw,fvdk@ cH,lcJh=uwJh ynmwwfvli,frsm;xJrSm
ol[mwa,muftygt0ifjzpfygw,f? (wyfrawmfxJr0ifcif 2 ESpfavmufuwnf;u &efukefwuUodkvfuae
bGJ@&cJhygw,f?)
1948 ckESpfrSm jrefrmEdkifiH[m vGwfvyfwJhEdkifiHjzpfvm+yD;wJhaemuf ol[m wyfrawmfxJrSmyJ quf
vufwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f? 1950 ckESpfawG&J@tukefydkif;rSmawmh tJ'Dumvwkef;u vltenf;i,fom¶Sd
ao;wJh Adkvfrª;csKyf&mxl;udk&¶SdcJhygw,f? 1962 ckESpfrSm awmifydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf&@J wdkif;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;
aqmifaecsdefrSmyJ ol@udkwyfrawmfuae t+idrf;pm;,lcdkif;+yD; =opa=w;vseJ@ e,l;ZdvefEdkifiHqdkif&m oHtrwf
tjzpfapv$wfjcif;cHcJh&ygw,f? tJ'Dwke;f uawmh bmjzpfvdk@ t+idrf;pm;,lcdkif;+yD; ajymif;a¶$@vdkufw,fqdkwJh
ta=umif;udk w&m;0if¶Sif;vif;ajym=um;jcif;r¶SdcJhygbl;? 'gayr,fhvnf; tifeft,fvf'Dacgif;aqmifawGudk
jynfolvlxkurESpfoufatmif/ vufrcHatmif trsdK;rsdK;oduQmcswJhvkyf&yfawGudk vkyfaqmifwJhtaeeJ@ vGefcJh
wJhESpftenf;i,ftwGif;u tpdk;&xkwfa0wJh pme,fZif;awGrSm OD;atmifa¶$[m 1960 ckESpf a¶G;aumufyGJum
vwkef;u ygwDpGJ/ *dk%f;*%pGJeJ@ vkyfaqmifr_awG¶SdcJhvdk@ wyfrawmfuae t+idrf;pm;ay;cJh&wmjzpfa=umif;qdk+yD;
a&;om;=uygw,f? trSefuawmh ol[m tJ'Da¶G;aumufyGJwkef;u ppfwyf[mqdk¶S,fvpfawGtEdkif&zdk@twGuf
wzufowfudkifwG,fv_yf¶Sm;r_awGeJ@ywfouf+yD; jypfwifa0zefcH&rSmudkumuG,fzdk@ }udK;yrf;r_awG&J@ om;aumif
jzpfcJholyg?
- 252 -
OD;atmifa¶$[m =opa=wvsrSm wm0efxrf;aqmif+yD;wJhaemuf tD*spf/ tJ'Daemuf yJ&pf ponfjzifh
1975 ckESpfrSm tpdk;&0efxrf;b0uae t+idrf;pm;,lcJhwJhtxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f? tJ'Daemuf &efukef
+rdK@rSmyJ tajccsaexdkifcJhygw,f? &efukef+rdK@uawmh tm;vHk;od+yD;wJhtwdkif; 1988 ckESpfrSm jynfolvlxktHkºuGr_
}uD; wdkif;jynfeJ@tESH@ysH@oGm;apcJhwJh tpysdK;&mae&myJjzpfygw,f?
jrefrmjynfoljynfom;awG[m jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD(rqv)&J@ wygwDtm%mcsKyfudkifr_
a=umifh wcgu ta¶S@awmiftm¶SrSm zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufr_tv#ifjrefqHk;vdk@qdkwJh EdkifiHtqifhuae urBmay:rSm
tqif;&JqHk;EdkifiHpm&if;xJudk 0ifoGm;cJh&vdk@ tifrwef+iD;aiG@ae+yDjzpfygw,f?
wygwDpepfvnf;+ydKusoGm;a&m jrefrmjynfrSm ygwDawGtajrmuftrsm;ay:vmawmhwmygyJ/ 'kwd,
urBmppf+yD;+yD;csif;umvu *syefEdkifiHtajctaeawGudk aumif;aumif;odwJholawGuawmh jrefrmjynfrSm ygwD
awGbma=umifh 'Davmuftxdrsm;jym;ae&ovJqdkwmudk od=uygw,f? 'Dvdkay:aygufvmwJhygwDawGxJu
tifeft,fvf'DxJrSm OD;atmifa¶$[m tvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0if wOD;jzpfovdk tifeft,fvf'D&J@ w&m;0if
r[mrdwfvnf;jzpfwJh rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@&J@ OuUX vnf;jzpfygw,f?
rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@qdkwm wyfrawmfuae t+idrf;pm;,lcJholawG pkaygif;zGJ@pnf;xm;wmjzpf
ygw,f? 'Dvdk ygwDaygif; 200 ausmf¶SdwJhtxJrSm (rqv)[mvnf; wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD
(wpn)qdkwJhemrnfeJ@ yg0ifygw,f? tifeft,fvf'D[mvnf; jrefrmjynfolvlxktrsm;pk&J@ tm;ay;axmufcH
r_udk t}uD;tus,f&cJhygw,f? 'Dvdk jynfolvlxk=um;xJrSm a&yef;pm;vmav/ vl}udKufrsm;vmav/ pnf;¶Hk;
a&;pGrf;&nfawGa=umifh ygwD&J@taetxm;wdk;wufjrifhrm;vmav ygwD0ifawGudk ppfaq;ar;jref;r_awG/ ygwD&J@
v_yf¶Sm;r_udk uef@owfcsKyfcs,fr_awG wdk;jrifhvmavygyJ?
1989 ckESpf ZGefvrSm tifeft,fvf'D&J@twGif;a&;rª; 2 OD;xJu wOD;jzpfwJh OD;0if;wif[m zrf;qD;
axmifcscH&+yD; ZlvdkifvrSmawmh OuUX OD;wifOD;eJ@ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;jzpfwJh usr[mvnf; aetdrfrSm
tus,fcsKyfcsxm;cH&ygw,f? 'DvdkzdESdyfr_trsdK;rsdK;udkcHcJh&ayr,fhvnf; 1990 jynfhESpf arvrSmusif;ycJhwJh
a¶G;aumufyGJrSmawmh rJqENe,fpkpkaygif;&J@ 82 &mcdkifE_ef; tjywftowftEdkif&cJhygw,f? 'gayr,fhvnf; jynf
olvlxkuar#mfvifhxm;ovdk 'Drdku&ufwpftpdk;&vufxJudk tm%mv$Jajymif;ay;jcif; rjyKvkyfcJhygbl;? tJ'D
tpm; ygwD+ydKuGJysufpD;a&;twGuf&nf¶G,f+yD; trsdK;rsdK;aomzdESdyfcsKyfcs,fr_awG jyKvkyfcJhygw,f?
pufwifbmvxJrSm tifeft,fvf'D&J@ ,m,DOuUX vkyfaewJh OD;=unfarmifudkzrf;cJhjyefygw,f?
aemufqHk;usefcJhwJhOD;atmifa¶$vnf; tcuftcJawGtrsdK;rsdK;=um;xJuyJ ygwDqufvuf&yfwnfEdkifzdk@twGuf
taumif;qHk;enf;vrf;awGeJ@ udkifwG,fv_yf¶Sm;cJh&ygw,f?
1990 aemufydkif;rSm tifeft,fvf'DtaeeJ@ EdkifiHa&;ygwDwcktjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfEdkifa&;udk
aESmifh,Suf+cdrf;ajcmufr_trsdK;rsdK;=um;xJu ¶kef;uefae&wJh OD;atmifa¶$udk rsm;pGmulnDcJholuawmh tifeft,f
vf'D tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@&J@ rlvtzGJ@0ifvnf;jzpf/ tifeft,fvf'D&J@ b¾ma&;rª;vnf;jzpfwJh OD;vGifygyJ?
33? r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmar0if;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmar0if;jrifhonf r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(20513)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²18)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;
cHcJh&onf? armfv+rdKif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1950 jynfhESpf/ rwfv (8)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;aomif;!Gef@.orD;
jzpfonf? a'gufwmar0if;jrifhonf 1967 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(1)rS q&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfrS
1981 ckESpftxd ajrmufOuUvmyESifh ausmufwHwm;or0g,r tcsdefydkif;q&m0ef/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpf
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txd vufaxmufq&m0ef(&efukefjynfol@aq;±Hk}uD;)/ 1983 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd q&m0ef(ordkif;roef
rpGrf;txl;ukaq;¶Hk)/ 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwkdbmv (31)&ufae@wGif0efxrf;tjzpfrSE_wfxGufonf? r&rf;ukef;
e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif twGif;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1997 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (28)&uf
ae@wGif r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,ftzGJ@csKyf¶Hk;wGif tzGJ@csKyfvli,frsm;wm0efay;tyfjcif;tpnf;ta0; jyKvkyf&efpDpOfcJh&m
tpdk;&qef@usifa&;qlylv_yf¶Sm;r_jyKvkyf&efpDpOfcJhonf[kqdkum 1997 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (26)&ufae@wGif &efukef
taemufydkif;c¶dkifw&m;¶Hk;Y 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (n)jzifh tr_zGifhw&m;pGJqdkcJh+yD;/
1997 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (9)&ufae@wGif tvkyfESifhaxmif'%f(7)ESpfcsrSwfcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (23)
&ufae@wGif yk'fr 10 (u)jzifh aemufxyfjypf'%f &ufaygif;(60)csrSwfcJhonf?
34? r*FvmawmifnGef@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmatmifcifqifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmatmifcifqifhonf r*Fvmawmif!Gef@+rdK@e,frJqEe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD

tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(21648)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(82²95)jzifh a&G;cs,f
wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? yckuUL+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifuav;(ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD;)/ trd
a':oDv(iSufaysmukefonf)wdk@rS 1935 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwm atmifcif
qifhonf yckuULAk'<bmomausmif;/ &efukefwuUodkvfwdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh&m M.B.,B.S.(q&m0efbJG@)
&¶SdcJhonf? t*FvefEdkifiH/ refcsuf(p)wmwuUodkvfrS M.Sc.(Community Medicine) Manchester jynfol@
tusdK;jyKaq;ynmyg&*lbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? *k%fxl;aqmif aq;bufqdkif&mawmf0ifbGJ@ F.R.S.H (London) udk
t*FvefEdkifiHrS&¶Sd+yD;/ refcsuf(p)wmwuUodkvf usef;rma&;ynmtzGJ@0ifvl}uD; M.I.H.E (Manchester)
*k%fxl;aqmifyk*~dKvftjzpf cef@tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 'uQd%wdkif;/ tqkwfa&m*gpHkprf;&SmazGa&;tzJG@acgif;aqmif
tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ usef;rma&;ynmXme (vufaxmuf!$ef=um;a&;r–;)tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ 1988 ckESpftxd
aqmif&GufcJhonf? urBmhusef;rma&;tzGJ@. yxrt}udrfynmoifqkudk 1964 ckESpfwGif tdENd,EdkifiH/ bef*vdk
+rdK@odk@vnf;aumif;/ 'kwd,t}udrf urBmhusef;rma&;tzGJ@.ynmoifqkudk 1972 ckESpfwGif ,l*dkqvm;AD;,m;
EdkifiH/ bJvf*&dwf+rdK@odk@vnf;aumif;/ wwd,t}udrf urBmhusef;rma&;tzGJ@.ynmoifqkudk 1975 ckESpfwGif
t*FvefEdkifiHodk@vnf;aumif;/ pwkwˆt}udrf urBmhusef;rma&;tzGJ@.ynmoifqkudk 1983 ckESpfwGif tdENd,
EdkifiH/ e,l;a'vD+rdK@ESifh oD&dvuFmEdkifiH/ udkvHbdk+rdK@ aq;bufqdkif&mtkyfcsKyfr_ynmbmomoifwef;odk@vnf;
aumif; ynmoifqk (4)}udrfwdkifwdkif qGwfcl;&¶SdcJhonf? q&m0efpma&;q&ma'gufwmatmifcifqifh tjzpfESifh
1972 ckESpfwGif “umuG,fI ukoenf;”aq;ynmay;pmtkyfjzifh trsdK;om;pmayqk&¶SdcJhonf? aq;ynm
jyef@yGm;a&;twGuf owif;pm/ *sme,f/ a&'D,dk/ ¶kyfjrifoH=um;ponfwdk@rS jzef@jzL;ynmay;jcif;rsm; aqmif¶Guf
cJhonf? aq;wuUodkvf(1)/ &efukefwGif aemufqHk;ESpfausmif;om;rsm;tm; usef;rma&;ynmbmom&yfudk
tcsdefydkif;ydk@csay;cJhonf? usef;rma&;0ef}uD;Xme/ usef;rma&;ynmXmewGif vufaxmuf!¸ef=um;a&;rª;
(usef;rma&;ynm)tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmf
yHk}uD;wGif jrefrmEdkifiHusef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;or*~ OuUX/ usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme0efxrf;rsm;or*~ OuUX/ &efukef
aq;¶Hk}uD;ESifh&efukefwdkif;aq;¶Hk0efxrf;rsm;or*~ OuUX tjzpfyg0ifcJhr_a=umifh wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cHcJh&
onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@0iftjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf// 1993 ckESpfwGif e0wrS
}uD;rª;usif;yo!fhtrsdK;om;nDvmcHodk‹ a±G;cs,fcHudk,fpm;vS,ftpktzGJ‹rSudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wufa&mufcJh
onf? trsdK;om;nDvmcHtm;qef‹usifonfh pm±Gufpmwrf;jzef‹a0r_jzifh nDvmcHudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS xkwf
y,fjcif;cHcJh&onf?
- 254 -
35? r*FvmawmifnGef@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmoef;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmoef;atmifonf r*Fvmawmif!Gef@+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdk

a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;apmcdkif/ trd a':apmykwdk@rS 1944 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&ufae@wGifarG;
zGm;cJhonf? ausmufjzL+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;oef;atmifonf ausmufjzLtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ &efukef
wuUodkvf/ &efukefaq;wuUodkvf(1)wkd@wGif q&m0efbJG@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1974 ckESpfwGif
udk,fydkifaq;ukcef;/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd r*Fvmawmif!Gef@or0g,raq;cef; wm0efcHq&m0ef?
1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? a'gufwmoef;atmiftm; 1997
ckESpf/ azazmf0g&DvwGif etztm%mydkifrsm;u vlaor_jzifh t"rRtr_qifzrf;qD;cJhonf? a'gufwm
oef;atmif.ukd,fykdifaq;cef;wGif vma&mufta&;ay:aq;ukor_cH,lonfh yef;em&ifusyfa0'emonf vlem
wOD;tm; ta&;ay:toufu,faq;xkd;ay;+yD; &efukefaq;¶kH}uD;udktjrefoGm;&efa'gufwmoef;atmifrS
t}uHay;cJhonf? tqdkygvlrrm &efukefaq;¶kH}uD;a&mufonfhtcg wm0efusq&m0efrsm;rS &efukefjynfol@
aq;¶kHtopfodk@oGm;&ef xyfrHn$ef=um;cJhonf? aq;¶kHtopfodk@toGm; vlemwifvmonfhum; bD;ayguf
oGm;+yD; bD;topf&efpDpOfcJh&m tcsdeftawmf=umoGm;cJhonf? aemufqkH; aq;¶kHopfodk@ra&mufrDvrf;wGif
vlemaoqkH;oGm;cJhonf? aoqkH;olvlem. aqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm;rS tajctaejzpf&yfrSeftm;vkH;tm; od&Sdxm;
onfhtwGuf a'gufwmoef;atmiftay: wpkHw&mjypfwifajymqdkjcif;rjyKcJhaomfvnf; +rdK@e,ftm%mydkifrsm;
vufoyfarG;xm;onfh}uHhzGH@rsm;rS aq;xkd;rSm;IvlrrmaoqkH;&jcif;jzpfa=umif; tr_qifwdkif=um;cJhojzifh
zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f(14)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf?
36? r*Fvm'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;=unf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;=unf0if;onf r*Fvm'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

tz OD;jrifha0/ trd a':at;at;wdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD=unf0if;
onf &efukefwuUodkvfrS ody`H(ocsFm)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpf/ OD;oef@ta&;tcif;wGif wuUodkvfausmif;
om;rsm;A[dkaumfrwD OuUX tjzifhaqmif&GufcJhI axmif'%f(7)tjypfay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? r*Fvm'Hk+rdK@e,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf twGif;a&;r–;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ &efukefwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;tjzpfvnf;aumif;
aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGifusif;yjyK vkyfcJhonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf/
040§pnf;(pnf;¶Hk;)§99 jzifh OD;=unf0if;tm; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; vHk;0udk,fpm;rjyKawmhonfh
udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif; xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? etz rS 2004 ckESpf/ arv (17)&ufae@wGif jyefvnf
usif;yonfh trsdK;om;nDvmcHodk@ woD;yk*~vtjzpf a¶G;aumufyGJwGifa¶G;cs,fcHxm;&aomudk,fpm;vS,frsm;
tpktzGJ@wGif yg0ifwufa&mufcJhonf?
37? r*Fvm'Hk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
- 255 -
OD;wifxGef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifxGef;armifonf r*Fvm'kH+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(15537)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;( 55²09)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? =unfhjrifwdkif(&efukef)Zmwdjzpfonf? tz 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;vSarmif(t+idrf;pm;)/ trd apm!Gef@
wdk@rS 1944 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifxGef;armifonf ,leufwpfc&pf,mef
ausmif; tvHkrS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifI &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUokdvfrS 1966 ckESpfwGif ody`H(±lyaA')
bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfwGif r[mody`Htydkif;(u)odk@wufa&mufpOf owWK§blrdaA'XmewGif tvkyfoif
blrdaA't&m&Sd/ 1969 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmf(=unf;)Akdvfoifwef;ausmif; trSwfpOf(40)odk@ wufa&mufcJhI
1970 jynfhESpf/ oif;wef;qif;t+yD; taumif;qHk;ausmif;om;qk&¶Sdonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd
tvkyf±HkcJGr–; uyp(1)/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpt f xd tvkyf±Hkr–; xkwfvkyfa&; uyp(5)/ 1987 ckESpfwGif
t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGifusif;yjyK vkyfcJhonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf/
040§pnf;(pnf;¶Hk;)§99 jzifh OD;=unf0if;tm; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; vHk;0udk,fpm;rjyKawmhonfh
udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif; xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? etz rS 2004 ckESpf/ arv (17)&ufae@wGif jyefvnf
usif;yonfh trsdK;om;nDvmcHodk@ woD;yk*~vtjzpf a¶G;aumufyGJwGifa¶G;cs,fcHxm;&aomudk,fpm;vS,frsm;
tpktzGJ@wGif yg0ifwufa&mufcJhonf?
38? ajrmufOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmoef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmoef;0if;onf ajrmufOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pdef0if;/ trd a':=uif&Dwkd@rS 1949 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv
(18)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmoef;0if;onf pdef@aygvfausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI aq;wuU
odkvf(1)rS 1974 ckESpfwGif q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1974-75 ckESpfwGif tvkyfoifq&m0ef/ wyfrawmfaq;±Hk
}uD;(r*Fvm'Hk)/ 1976 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd udk,fydkifaq;ukcef;zGifhvSpfcJhonf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckESpf)/
jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf?
39? ajrmufOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;ausmf!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ausmf!Gef@onf ajrmufOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? 1948 ckESpf/ {+yDv (19)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? rtlyif+rdK@e,f/ tv,fwef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf?
OD;pdefjr.om;jzpfonf? OD;ausmf!Gef@onf wef;jrifhausmif;xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1350
jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf?
40? arSmfbD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
- 256 -
OD;pdk;wif(c)OD;pdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdk;wif(c)OD;pdk;onf arSmfbD+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? 1941 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (29)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? oxHk+rdK@e,f odrfqyd f&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;armifxGef;
.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdk;onf 1958 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifI 1961 ckESpfwGif tif;pdefpufr_
vufr_ody`HrS v#yfppftm;(at*sDwDtdkif)atmifjrifcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd 'kwd,vufaxmuf
tif*sDeD,m/ tif*sDeD,m(rif;bl;/ rauG;/ yJcl;/ arSmfbD)/ 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&DvwGif arSmfbD+rdK@e,f/ v#yfppf
tif*sDeD,mwm0efrS t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif
wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhojzifh 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (2)&ufae@rS 1989 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (4)&ufae@
txd yk'fr (10)ujzifh xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
41? arSmfbD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;cifarmifxGef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cifarmifxGef;onf arSmfbD+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? 1928 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (5)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;jrwfomxGef;.om;jzpfonf? OD;cifarmifxGef;onf
ppf}uD;twGif; Armhwyfrawmfodk@&JabmftjzpfESifh0ifa&mufcJhonf? yÌrywfAdkvfoifwef;wufI zufqpf
awmfvSefa&;wGif wkdif;(7)/ wyf&if;(103) Adkvfavmif;&mxl;jzifhyg0ifcJhonf? ppf}uD;t+yD;; q,fwef;atmifjrif
I &efukefwuUodkvfodk@wufa&mufonf? Oypmody`Hwef;atmifjrifonf? ausmif;om;oHr%dwyf zJG@pnf;a&;
wGifOD;aqmifyg0ifcJh+yD; ArmhwyfrawmfAdkvfoifwef; tywfpOf(3)odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? 1950 jynfhESpfrS 1960
jynfhESpftxd qo& 'kAdkvf/ t*Fvefodk@ qufoG,fa&;t&m¶Sdoifwef;wuf&ef (2)}udrfoGm;a&mufcJhonf?
qo& wyfpkr–;/ wyfcJGr–;/ (w&kwfjzLppfqifa&;ESifh aomif;usef;r_ESdfrfESif;a&;)/ 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1970 jynfhESpf
txd qo& 'kwd,Adkvfr–;}uD;/ rEWav; wvu/ cvu/ evu wdk@wGif OuUX/ tzJG@0if/ wkdif;ajr,maumfrwD
OuUX/ 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1981 ckESpt f xd qufoG,fa&;!¸ef=um;r_XmeESifhqufoG,fa&;aumfya&;&Sif; !¸ef=um;
a&;rª;csKyfESifh OD;aqmif!¸ef=um;a&;r–;/ jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD uvmyfpnf;acgif;aqmif/ tvkyform;
tpnf;t±Hk; A[kdOD;pD;/ tjynfjynfqdkif&ma=u;eef;qufoG,fa&;nDvmcH/ pmydk@wkdufor*~nDvmcHESifh +*dKvfwk
qufoG,fa&;ESifhtm&SEkdifiHqufoG,fa&;ynmnd‡E_dif;pnf;a0;yJGrsm;oGm; acgif;aqmif/ armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)
ESifh EdkifiH*k%f&nf(yxrqifh)&onf? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ESifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkwGif
wm0ef,lcJhonf?
42? &efuif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
a':cifat;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a':cifat;jrifhonf &efuif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

armfv+rdKifu|ef;Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pH!Gef@/ trd a':tkef;wdk@rS 1929 ckESpf/ ZGefv (28)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh
- 257 -
onf? a':cifat;jrifhonf i,fpOfu jynf+rdK@wGifynmoif=um;cJhI 1952 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbJG@/ 1958 ckESpfwGif
ynma&;0dZ…mbJG@&¶Sdonf? 1952 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpt
f xd A[ef;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jy/
1965-66 ckESpfwGif vufaxmufuxdu uefbJhq&mtwwfoifody`H/ 1967 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd ajrmuf
OuUvmtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1) ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ 1972 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd wmarGtpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1) ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ 1986 ckESpfwGif vkyfoufjynfht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? &efuif;+rdK@
e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGifusif;yjyK
vkyfcJhonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1999
ckESpf/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf/ 040§pnf;(pnf;¶Hk;)§99 jzifh a':cifat;jrifhtm; trsdK;om;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; vHk;0udk,fpm;rjyKawmhonfh udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif; xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf?
43? a&$jynfom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdefvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdefvGif(Adkvfr–;}uD;oefxGef;-t+idrf;pm;)onf a&$jynfom(+rdK@opf)rJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdk

a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;jr&$ef;/ trd a':pdefrwdk@rS 1922 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? }udK@yif
aumuf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdefvGif(Adkvf}uD;oef;xGef;-t+idrf;pm;)onf }udK@yifaumuf+rdK@trsdK;om;txuf
wef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd ArmhumuG,fa&;
wyfrawmf(bD'Dat) wyf&if;(2) ysOf;rem;ppf0ef}uD;±Hk;/ xdkrS ArmhrsdK;cspfwyfrawmf(yDbDtufzf) wdkif;(4)/
(105)wyf&if; ysOfyHk}uD;pcef;zsufodrf;onftxdyg0ifcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)&cJhonf?
1940 jynfhESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd ppf&Jwyf&if;(4) wyfcJGr–;wyfa&;Adkvf}uD;/ ppf&JAdkvf}uD;/ OD;pD;t&m&Sd('k)/
a&;§axmuf/ Adkvf}uD;tqifh/ wyfcJGr–;Adkvf}uD; cv&(57)/ evu OuUX tkyfwGif;/ wyfcJGr–;Adkvf}uD;/ cr&(109)
vm;&_d; (vkyfouf 2 ESpfav#m@cscH&onf)? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif wyfrawmfrSwfwrf;±Hk;/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGif
t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@(wdkif;±Hk;)wGif wm0ef,lcJhonf?
44? vom+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;=unfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;=unfjrifhonf vom+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(11205)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(84‹88)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1953
ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (14)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;armifarmif.om;jzpfonf? OD;=unfjrifhonf tvHk tpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS bD-tDuGef;bJG@&¶SdcJhonf?
1972 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd pDrHudef;a&;qGJa&;OD;pD;Xme(±Hk;csKyf/ vGdKifaumf/ zm;aqmif;)±Hk;0efxrf;/ 1982
ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;
awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1993 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (15)&ufae@wGif &efukefajrmufydkif;c¶dkifw&m;¶Hk;rS
1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya'yk'fr 5 (n)/ rw&m;toif;rsm;tufOya'yk'fr 17 (1)/ 1962 ckESpf/
yHkESdyfxkwfa0cGifhOya' yk'fr 17§20 wdk@jzifh jynfya&muftwdkuftcHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;xkwfa0onfh pmtkyf/
pmapmifrsm;tm; v#dK@0SufpGmjzef@a0onf[kqdkum axmif'%ftESpf(20)csrSwfjcif;cHcJh&&mrS 2001 ckESpf/
atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae@wGif jrif;+cHtusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
- 258 -
45? v_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;a&$ (t+idrf;pm;Adkvfrª;}uD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
t+idrf;pm;Adkvfr–;}uD;armifa&$onf vd_if+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

tm;udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(24779)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²82)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1920 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (4)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? aygufacgif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;bdk;om
.om;jzpfonf? OD;a&$onf i,fpOfu aygufacgif;/ jynf/ &efukefwdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonff? &efukef
wuUodkvfwGif Oypm0dZ…m tydkif;(c)Ywufa&mufaepOf ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)odk@0if
a&mufcJhonf? ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)/ ArmhrsdK;cspf
wyfrawmf(yDADtufzf)/ Armhwyfrawmfwdk@wGifwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh&m/ 1961 ckESpfrS 1964 ckESpftxd Adkvfr–;
}uD;/ wdkif;r–;(ta¶S@ydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf)/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1972 ckEpS ftxd pufr_vufr_ESifhtvkyform;Xme
0ef}uD;/ 1962 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0if/ jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD A[dk
aumfrwD0ifESifh A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0if/ A[dktvkyform;aumifpD OuUX/ 1972 ESpfwGif wm0ef
tm;vHk;rS&yfpJcH&+yD;/ awmfvSefa&;tpdk;&uw&m;pGJcJh&m txl;cHk±Hk;jzifhppfaq;cJh+yD; w&m;pGJqkd&eftcsufr&SdI
tr_wGiftEdkif&¶SdcJhonf? ygwD.ta&;,lcH&r_twGuf ygwDwGif;t,lcHwufcJh&m A[dkaumfrwDwGiftEdkif&
aomfvnf; A[dknDvmcHt,lcHaumfrwDu ‚if;udpPudkqufvufaqmif&Gufay;jcif;r&SdcJhyg? 1350 jynfh(1988
ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wyfr–;a[mif;}uD;rsm; (15)OD;tzJG@wGifyg0ifonf? rdsK;cspf&Jabmf
a[mif;rsm;tzJG@ESifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwkd@wGif A[kdtvkyftr_aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;a&$onf
rdrd.usef;rma&;tajctaea=umifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSE_wfxGufcGifhjyKyg&ef wifjyvm
ojzifh aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (7)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(972)jzifh E_wfxGufcGifh
jyKcJhonf? OD;a¶$rS trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@ A[dkOD;pD;tzGJ@0if/ &efukefwdkif;pnf;tzGJ@0ifESifh omreftzGJ@0if
tjzpfrS EkwfxGufcGifhjyK&efawmif;qdkcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@rS OD;a¶$xHrS EkwfxGufcGifhrwifjyrD 1991
ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (8)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufcJhjcif;tm; trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@ }udKwiftoday;cJhjcif;r¶Sdojzifh tzGJ@csKyf.rlESifhqef@usifojzifh tzGJ@csKyf. omref¶dk;¶dk;
tzGJ@0iftjzpfrSyif xkwfy,fcJhonf? pnfolAdkvfrª;}uD;armifa¶$ (t+idrf;pm;/ =unf;-3575/ ,cif awmfvSefa&;
aumifpD0if/ +idrf;)/ (0ef}uD;/ pufr_vufr_ESifhtvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme/ +idrf;)/ vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)
EdkifiHh*k%f&nf(yxrqifh)/ *syefacwfAdkvfoifwef;tywfpOf(1)/ touf(81)ESpfonf 2001 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv
(4)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@Y uG,fvGefonf?
46? v_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf (2)?
OD;apmjrodef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pdtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;apmjrodef;onf v_dif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

jrpfom;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;+rdKif/ trd a':aiGydkifwdk@rS 1924 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (3)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
OD;apmjrodef;onf jrpfom;'Dp}wdwfaumifpDbkwftzJG@ausmif;rS tv,fwef;atmifjrifI trsdK;om;txuf
wef;ausmif;wGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? ausmif;om;or*~ twGif;a&;r–;/
1942 ckESpfwGif ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)wyfom; r*Fvm'HkAdkvfoifwef;ausmif; 'kwd,ywfqif;
- 259 -
Adkvfavmif;/ 1943 ckESpfwGif *syefjynfbk&ifhppfwuUodkvf/ wdkusdK/ ynmawmfoif/ (oifwef;+yD;qHk;/ Adkvfav;
&mxl;)/ 1946 ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd uENDpmcsKyft& wyfrawmfukdzJG@pnf;onfhtcg 1946 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv
(1)&ufae@wGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd 'kwd,Adkvf/ xdkrS tru(1) rdwˆDvm/ wyfcJGt&m&Sd/ ,ltifyD(6)/ rdwˆDvm
wyf&if;r–;(rdwDˆvmwdkufyJG/ 1949 ckESpfwGif autif'Dtkdzrf;qD;jcif;cH&+yD; (2)ESpfausmfcef@csKyfaESmifcH&onf)?
oeu(2)/ usdKif;wHk wyf&if;r–;/ cv&(5)ESifh cv&(14)/ ppfawG wyf&if;r–;ESifh &cdkifwyfaygif;pkr–;/ A[dk(euf)/
wyfr–;}uD;/ &efukef+rdK@e,fwyfr–;/ Adkvfoifwef;ausmif;ESifht=uyfoifwef;ausmif; ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ cv&(10)
awmifil/ wyf&if;r–;/ csif;oeu(4) wmcsDvdyf/ usdKif;wHk/ wyf&if;r–;ESifh acwWAsL[mr–;/ ppfOD;pD;wuUodkvf
(&efukef) wGJzuf/ 1971 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (1)&ufae@wGif 'kAdkvfr–;}uD;tqifhjrifhwyfrawmfrS t+idrf;pm;,lcJh
onf? }uHhcdkifa&;/ uif;axmufESifh =uufajceDtoif;wdk@wGif t"duwm0ef,lcJhonf? wyfrawmfwm0efjzifh
jynfy(7)EdkifiHodk@ avhvma&;oGm;a&mufcJhonf? y-&-o-z ESifh A[dko,fydk@aumfrwD OuUX/ &efukefqdyfurf;
ESifh taumufcGeftxl;rif;}uD;/ or0g,r !$ef=um;a&;r–;/ jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD wdkif;cJG(3)/ csif;jynf
e,f 'kwd,OuUX/ ygwDXmecsKyf/ ynma&;Xme}uD;r–;paom ygwDwm0efwdk@udkxrf;aqmifcJhonf? rsdK;cspf&Jabmf
a[mif;rsm;tzJG@ A[dkaumfrwD0if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fem,u wm0efwdk@,lcJhonf? vGwfvyf
a&;armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)/ EdkifiH*k%f&nf(yxrqifh)/ oD&dysHcsDbJG@wdk@&¶SdcJhonf?
47? v_difom,m+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
Adkvf}uD;oef;ºuG,f(t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
Adkvf}uD;oef;ºuG,f(t+idrf;pm;)onf v_difom,m(+rdK@opf)rJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

tm;udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(17248)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²98)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1927 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;wifh.om;jzpfonf? Adkvf}uD;oef;ºuG,f
(t+idrf;pm;)onf 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHk ausmif;om;oydwfwGifvnf;aumif;/ 1941 ckESpf/ tm&Svli,f
rtlyifc&dkifwGifvnf;aumif;yg0ifcJhonf? 1947 ckESpw f Gif Armhaoewfudkifwyfodk@0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1949
ckESpfwGif ar+rdK@ bDtm&fpDavhusifha&;wyf/ yk'fr (5) jzifh (8)vtcsKyfcH&+yD; wyfrSxGufcGifhay;cJhonf? 1950
jynfhESpfwGif rtlyifc±dkifppf0efxrf;wyfodk@0ifa&mufcJh+yD; 1955 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfodk@ul;ajymif;onfhtcg
jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sdtjzpf cv&(30)wGif wm0efuscJhonf? 1961 ckESpfwGif cv&(7) (bbppfqifa&;)/ 1963
ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd e,fjcm;0efaxmuf(usdKif;wHkESifhwmcsDvdwfc±kdif)/ 1966 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd evu
OuUX oeyfyif/ tif;pdef/ r*Fvm'Hk/ Aef;armuf/ 1972 ckESpfwGif rdrdqENtav#muf wyfrSxGufcJhonf? 1974
ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd tif;pdef+rdK@e,faumifpD OuUX/ vd_ifom,m+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif
pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
48? vSnf;ul;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;apmausmfpdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;apmausmfpdefonf vSnf;ul;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? 1932 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (25)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;jrrif;.om;jzpfonf? OD;apmausmfpdefonf
armfv+rdKifatbDtrfausmif;/ tvHkyJcl;u&ifausmif;wdk@wGif owWrwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? xdk@aemuf
ausmif;rSxGufI opfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif
- 260 -
yg0ifcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif aus;&GmOuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG
a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (6)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1426)jzifh
49? vSnf;ul;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;pHwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pHwifonf vSnf;ul;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

1947 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (22)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;vSaz.om;jzpfonf? OD;pHwifonf a&wm&Snf+rdK@e,f/
+rdK@vStpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ v,fa0;+rdK@e,f atvmtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ awmifil+rdK@ tpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ armfv+rdKifaumvdyf/ &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvf(jyify)wkd@wGif 0dZ…mbJG@&
onftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? txufwef;a&S@aeESifh rSwfyHkwifOya'pmar;yJGwfdk@udkvnf; atmifjrifcJhonf//
1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpf vkdufyg
aqmif&GuftoufarG;onf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1999 ckESpf/ Zefe0g
&Dv (6)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1446)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif;
a=unmcJhonf?
50? vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;aeOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;aeOD;onf vrff;rawmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(15765)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(81²38)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
OD;ae0if;(tqm[d&SifbGef;)(uG,fvGef)/ trd a':&D&Dwdk@rS 1952 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (19)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh
onf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;aeOD;onf pdef@yufx&pfausmif;/ a':EkEkcifausmif;/ tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;trSwf(2) tvHk/ &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfwdk@wGif 0dZ…m(jrefrmpm)bGJ@&onftxd ynmoif=um;
cJhonf// rdzydkif (ae&D&D)yHkESdyfwkdufwGif refae*smtjzpfaqmif&Gufonf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk
ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifwufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGufa=umif;
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (13)&ufae@wGif
a=unmcsuf trSwf(1270)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? 2001 ckEpS f/ Edk0ifbmv (28)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@/
A[dkpnfaq;¶Hk}uD;Y uG,fvGefonf?
OD;aeOD; touf (50)

(ae&D&Dpmtkyfwdkuf)
vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,f
&efukef+rdK@/ vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,f (2§u) atmif&wemvrf;ae (pma&;q&marmifae0if;)-a':cif&Dwdk@.
om;}uD;/ (OD;vGef;armif-a':cif!Gef@)wdk@. om;oruf/ (Adkvfrª;rif;aqG)-a':jrifhjrifhcifwdk@. wl§armif/ a':eDeD
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Edkif. cspfvSpGmaomcifyGef;/ armifatmif[def;0if; (ESpfvHk;csuf}uD;)/ rar0ifholwdk@. Zcif/ (OD;=unfvif)-a':
wifrmquf/ (OD;pdkif;avmifvdkif;z)-a':&D&D0if;/ OD;Om%f0if;(acwW-pifumyl)-a':pkpkwifhwdk@. tpfudk}uD;/
pdkif;oD[z/ tif=uif;zESifh rif;udkEdkifwdk@. b}uD;onf 28-11-2001 &ufwGif A[dkpnfaq;¶Hk}uD;Y uG,fvGefyg
I 30-11-2001 &uf eHeuf 10 em&DwGif a&a0;tat;wdkufrS a&a0;okomefodk@ ydk@aqmifrD;o+*õK[fygrnf?
usef&pfolrdom;pk
51? omauw+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;armifarmifvwf(a'gufwmvd_ifeD)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armifarmifvwf(a'gufwmv_difeD)onf omauw+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdk

ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(32295)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²65)jzifh
a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? ysOf;rem;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vSòrdif(&JabmfoHk;usdyf0if Adkvfrª;&ef
atmif)/ trd a':v_difv_difwdk@rS 1950 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwv f (9)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? i,femrnf a'gif;av;
jzpf+yD;/ wuUodkvf0ifwef;txdtrnfrSm armifarmifvwfjzpfonf? aq;wuUodkvfodk@a&muf¶Sdonfhtcg
armifvd_ifeD[k trnfajymif;cJhonf? OD;armifarmifvwf(a'gufwmv_difeD)onf 1956 ckESpfrS 1959 ckESpftxd
rvd_if+rdK@/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGifynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd &efukef+rdK@/
a&ausmftxufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonf? Adkvfwaxmiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)rS
q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1977 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(1)rS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1979 ckESpfrS 1988
ckESpftxd yJcl;wdkif;twGif; aq;0efxrf;vkyfief;wdk@udkaqmif&GufcJhonf? aq;wuUodkvf(1)ausmif;om;b0
wGif u|efqG,fta&;tcif;ESifh OD;oef@ta&;tcif;wkd@wGif wufwufºuGºuGyg0ifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988
ckESpf)/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHk}uD;umvqENjy&mwGif udk,fwkdifryg0ifcJhaomfvnf; n(8)em&D jrefrmhtoH
owif;ukd oHykH;wD;±_wfcs&efv_H@aqmfcJhonf? “rmCvkvif”trnfjzifh w&m;r0if pmapmifxkwfa0cJhonf?
a'gufwmv_difeDonf 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwif bmv (30)&ufae@u rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,f
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf±Hk;wGifjyKvkyfaom ,m,D tpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&; v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;wGif
wufwufºuGºuGyg0ifaqG;aEG;cJhojzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh& onf? jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 122 (1)t&
jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cHcJh&I a&G;aumufyJGOya'yk'fr 11 (n)ESifh +idpGef;ojzifh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ
usif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (12)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfh a¶G;
aumufyGJrsm;wGif yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf?
52? omauw+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;tkef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;tkef;jrifhonf omauw+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

yJcl;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;&if/ trd a':oef;wdk@rS 1936 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (16)&ufae@wGifarG;
zGm;cJhonf? OD;tkef;jrifhonf yJcl;+rdK@ trsdK;om;txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifI &efukefwuUodkvfrS
ody`HbGJ@(bDtufpfpD)&cJhonf? 1962 ckESpfrSpI ocsFmESifh±lyaA'enf;jy udk,fydkifoifwef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifcJhonf?
1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf?
- 262 -
53? oCFef;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;odef;!Gef@(armifodef;!Gef@-aumhu&dwf)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;odef;!Gef@onf oCFef;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? 1944 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (26)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;Om%f&if.om;jzpfonf? OD;odef;!Gef@(aumhu&dwf)
onf bDattm&ft,fvf/ tdwfcsf*sDyD/ 'Da*sbJG@& w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aejzpfonf? 1959 ckESpfrS 1961 ckESpftxd
u&ifjynfe,fESifhweoFm&Dwdkif; ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif/ aumhu&dwfausmif;om;or*~jzpfajrmufa&;aumf
rwD twGif;a&;r–;/ ausmif;om;nD!Gwfa&;wyfOD; acgif;aqmif/ o[m,ESifhpmzwftoif;csKyf OuUX/
ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_udkOD;aqmifcJhojzifh 1963 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (2)&ufae@rS 1967 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv
(14)&ufae@txd armfv+rdKifaxmifwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd
tif;pdef yvu pma&;0efxrf;/ 1972 ckEpS frS 1978 ckESpftxd vrf;pOfvli,fESifh ygwDXmecsKyfwdk@wGif Xmer–;?
1978 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (22)&ufae@wGif vli,fESifhywfoufaom owif;aqmif;yg;ESpfyk'fudpP/ EdkifiHa&;orm;
ESpfOD;wdk@ESifhywfoufaomudpPwdk@a=umifh wm0efESifhtzJG@0iftjzpfrS &yfpJxkwfy,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1968 ckESpfrS
1978 ckESpftxd armifodef;!Gef@(aumhu&dwf)trnfjzifh aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJhonf? 1350 jynfh(1988
ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6)&ufae@
wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rS &JrGefwyf+rdK@¶Sd xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;({nfha*[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh
&+yD;/ 2001 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (6)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf?
54? oCFef;u|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;jrifhodef;onf oCFu|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? 1928 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;zdk;aX;.om;jzpfonf? OD;jrifhodef;onf zufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;wGif
yg0ifcJhI armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)&cJhonf? wdkif;jrefrmaq;q&mpmar;yGJatmifjrifxm;I udk,fydkifjrefrmh±dk;&m
aq;wdkufzGifhvSpfxm;onf? 1950 jynfhESpfrS 1962 ckEpS ftxd +rdK@e,fc±dkif z-q-y-v wGifyg0ifOD;aqmifcJh
onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf(A[dk) awmifolv,form;tzJG@wGif wm0ef,lcJhonf?
55? oHk;cG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;vGif(Adkvfr_;}uD;armifvGif-t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vGifonf oHk;cG+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

1924 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (22)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;bom.om;jzpfonf? OD;vGifonf 1942 ckESpf/
'kwd,urBmppf}uD;rwdkifrD &efukef+rdK@wGif oli,fwef;rSq,fwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS
1945 ckESpftxd ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)/ ArmhrsdK;cspf
- 263 -
wyfrawmf(yDbDtufzf)wdk@wGifyg0ifcJhonf? bDd'Dat yxrywfAdkvfoifwef;qif;/ *syefjynf bk&ifhwyfrawmf
ppfwuUodkvfausmif;qif;/ 1946 ckESpfwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd/ oeu(5)wdk@rS Adkvfr–;}uD;txd/ 1952 ckESpfrS
1954 ckESpftxd tqifhjrifhppfoifwef;rsm;udk t*Fvefjynf ppfwuUodkvfwdk@wGifwufcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfrS
1980 jynfhESpftxd ppfoHr–;(tar&duefjynfaxmifpk)/ 'kwd,wdkif;r–;/ wdkif;r–;/ 'kwd,0ef}uD;/ 0ef}uD;/ 'kwd,
0ef}uD;csKyf/ EkdifiHawmfaumifpD0if/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGiftem;,lcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)/
EkdifiHh*k%f&nf(yxrqifh)/ oD&dysHcsDbJG@wkd@csD;jr‡ifhcH&onf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmf
yHk}uD;+yD;aemuf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif b¾ma&;Xmer–;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;wifOD;/ OD;=unf
armif/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@ zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;aemuf 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&ufae@wGif jyef
vnfzGJ@pnf;onfh tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@wGif twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf ae
tdrftus,fcsKyfrS jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvm+yD;aemuf 1995 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae@wGif jyefvnf
zGJ@pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwDY twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf jyefvnfwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf?
¡ 1990 aemufydkif;rSm tifeft,fvf'DtaeeJ@ EdkifiHa&;ygwDwcktjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfEdkifa&;udk
aESmifh,Suf+cdrf;ajcmufr_trsdK;rsdK;=um;xJu ¶kef;uefae&wJh OD;atmifa¶$udk rsm;pGmulnDcJholuawmh tifeft,f
vf'D tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@&J@ rlvtzGJ@0ifvnf;jzpf/ tifeft,fvf'D&J@ b¾ma&;rª;vnf;jzpfwJh OD;vGifygyJ? 'kwd
,urBmppfjzpfvdk@ OD;vGif bDtdkifatxJ0ifwJhtcsdefwkef;u touf(18)ESpfyJ¶Sdygao;w,f? OD;vGif[m 1943
ckESpf/ =o*kwfvtwGif; *syefEdkifiH Rikugun Shikan Gakko Adkvfoifwef;ausmif;rSm oifwef;wufzdk@
apv$wfjcif;cH&wJh jrefrmt&m¶Sdavmif;awGxJu wOD;jzpfygw,f? 1945 =o*kwfvrSm jrefrmt&m¶Sdi,fav;
awG ppfoifwef;+yD;wJhtcsdefrSm jrefrmEdkifiHrSm zufqpfawmfvSefa&;upaeyg+yD? OD;vGifeJ@ol@&J@vkyfazmfudkif
buf t&m¶Sdi,fav;awG[m Hakone rSm 1945 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmvtxd aecJh&+yD;/ pm;zdk@aomufzdk@
twGuf rD;aoG; zkwfa&mif;cJh&ygw,f?
vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;wJhaemuf OD;vGif[m wyfrawmfxJrSmyJ qufvufwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ t*Fvef
eJ@ taemuf*smreDawGudk ppfoifwef;awGwufzdk@ apv$wfjcif;cH&ygw,f? 1959 ckESpfrSm ol[m 0g¶SifwefrSm
ppfoHrª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f? tar&duefjynfaxmifpkuae jyefvm+yD;wJhaemuf tv,fydkif;wdkif;
ppfXmecsKyfwdkif;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaeqJrSm &efukefrSm 'k0ef}uD;wm0efxrf;aqmifzdk@ tac:cH&ygw,f?
1962 ckESpfrSm ppfwyfutm%modrf;+yD;wJhaemuf jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDudk wnfaxmifcJh+yD;/ wdkif;jynf
udktkyfcsKyfaepOfumvtwGif;rSm OD;vGif[m b¾ma&;0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f? tJ'Daemuf
'kwd,0ef}uD;csKyf/ EdkifiHawmfaumifpD0if tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f? ol[m EdkifiHawmfaumifpD0iftjzpf
rSm EkwfxGufvdkufygw,f?
OD;vGif[m 1988 ckESpfrSm tifeft,fvf'DxJrSm yg0ifcJh+yD;/ ol@&J@b¾ma&;qdkif&mtawG@t}uHKawG/ ¶dk;
om;ajzmifhrwfr_ *k%foduQmawGa=umifh b¾ma&;rª;tjzpf a¶G;cs,fjcif;cH&ygw,f? 1992 rSm tifeft,fvf'D
udk twif;t"rRjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;cdkif;wJhtcgrSm OD;vGif[m twGif;a&;rª;wm0efudk,l+yD;/ OD;atmifa¶$[m OuUX
jzpfvmcJhygw,f?
56? oHk;cG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;ausmfjrifhonf oHk;cG+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

oHk;cG+rdK@e,f/ waumaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHvS/ trd a':apmvSwdk@rS 1934 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&uf
- 264 -
ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmfjrifhonf wkdif;&if;aq;ynm oHk;bmom*k%fxl;jzifhatmifjrifaom ±ddk;&maq;
ynm&SifwOD;jzpfI wkdif;&if;y&aq;okawoe tcrJhvkyfief;ESifh wdkif;&if;aq;0g;wkd;wufa&;wkd@udk aqmif&GufcJh
onf? pmqdkawmfr*~Zif;xkwfa0ol/ wufae0if;yHkESdyfwdkuf yHkESdyfol/ obm0owWdaq;wdkufvkyfief;wdk@udkvkyf
udkifonf?
57? oHv#if+rdK@e,frJqENe, ftrSwf(1)?
a'gufwm0if;Edkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwm0if;Ekdifonf oHv#if+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? A[ef;(&efukef)Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jraomif;/ trd a':!¸ef@&Sifwdk@rS 1954 ckESpf/ rwfv (10)&ufae@
wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwm0if;Ekdifonf omauw+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)rS q,fwef;
atmifjrifcJhI aq;wuUodkvf(1)&efukefrS 1979 ckESpfwGif q&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpf
txd jyifyq&m0ef/ 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? oefvsif
+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ#csKyfwGif OD;aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf?
58? oHv#if+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;oef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;oef;0if;onf oHvsif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

1930 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv (26)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? +rdwf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdefv#H.om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;
0if;onf 1951 ckESpfwGif ody`HbGJ@(yxra&$wHqdyfqk)/ 1952 ckESpfwGif ody`H(*k%fxl;)("mwkaA') a&$wHqdyfqk/
'DyDwDESifhpDtD;(City and Guilds of London)bJG@vGef'Dyvkdrm& a&eH"mwkody`Hynm&SifwOD;jzpfonf? 1953
ckESpfwGif t}uD;wef;"mwkaA't&m&Sd(bDtdkpD) oefvsifa&eHcsufpuf&Hk/ 1977 ckESpfwGif !¸ef=um;a&;r–;/ ref;oH
yk&muefpDrHudef;/ 1984 ckESpfwGif !¸ef=um;a&;r–;/ a&eH"mwkESifhobm0"mwfaiG@vkyfief;aumfya&;&Sif;/ 1987
ckESpfwGif t+idfrf;pm;,lcJhonf? a&eH"mwkESifhywfoufI bJG@vGef,ljcif;/ avhvma&;c&D;ESifh ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrsm;
wufa&mufjcif;wkd@twGuf jynfyEdkifiHaygif;(20)ausmfodk@oGm;a&mufcJh+yD; ,if;tawG@tóuHrsm;udk jrefrmha&eH
vkyfief;wGif vufawG@toHk;cscJhonf?
59? tvHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
a':pef;pef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a':pef;pef;0if;onf tvHkrJ+rdK@e,fqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16503)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²54)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
a';'&J+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;udkudk}uD;(t+idrf;pm;OD;pD;r–;)/ trd a':0rf;wdk@rS 1945 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (25)
&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a':pef;pef;0if;onf vomtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)(pdef*|ef;uGefAifh)/
+rdK@rtrsdK;orD;ausmif;wkd@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1971 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS
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Oya'bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrSpI w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvkdufygaqmif&Gufcho
J nf? tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqEN
e,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fOD;bbGm;.aetdfrfwGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;v#dK@
0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhojzifh oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf jypfr_qdkif&m
Oya'yk'fr 122 (1) t&jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 11 (n) jzifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@
v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,fzsufvdkufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;
aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif a=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y
yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf? e0w a=unmcsuftrSwf(11§92)t& jypfr_qdkif&musifhxHk;Oya'yk'fr
401 (1) jzifh 1992 ckESpf/ arv (1)&ufae‹wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf?
60? tif;pdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;xGef;v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;xGef;v_difonf tif;pdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? wkduf}uD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;pHjrifh/ trd a':at;jrwdk@rS 1927 ckESp/f =o*kwfv (16)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;xGef;v_difonf 1943 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd tm&Svli,ftr_aqmif/ zufqpfawmfvSef
a&;wGif wkduf}uD;+rdK@e,fajrmufydkif; EdkifiHa&;wm0efc/H 1945-46 ckESpfwGif tvHeDygwD +rdK@e,ftwGif;a&;r–;/
xkdrS wvcGJr#tzrf;cHcJh&+yD;aemuf &efukefwuUodkvfwGifynmqufvufoif,lcJhonf? 1947 ckESpfrS 1952
ckESpftxd ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif/ ocsFmtoif;tr_aqmif/ tif;pdefc±dkifwuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;toif;
OuUX/ 1951 ckESpfwGif ody`HbJG@&¶SdcJh+yD; Oya'0dZ…moifwef;'kwfd,ESpftxd oif,lcJhonf? 1951-52 ckESpfwGif
txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ tif;pdefc±dkif +rdK@e,fq&mrsm;toif; OuUX/ 1952-53 ckESpfwGif tif;pdefc±dkif
ynmtkyf/ 1953-54 ckESpfwGif tvkyfoifvufaxmufv,f0ef(xkdrS ausmif;om;b0 EdkifiHa&;aqmif¶Gufr_
a=umifh z-q-y-v tpdk;&u zrf;qD;+yD;/ tvkyfrS&yfpJvdkufonf)? 1964 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd jrefrmh
qdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD0if/ ygwD,lepf OuUX/ A[dkaumfrwD0if/ A[dka&;&maumfrwD0if/ awmifolv,form;
aumifpD tvkyftr_aqmif/ A[dktzJG@i,f OuUX/ 1976 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDrSoef@pifjcif;cHcJh
&onf? 1977 ckESpfrS 1979 ckEpS ftxd tvGwfynmoifausmif;tkyf/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@ae
pmar;yJGatmifjrifcJh+yD;a&S@aetjzpfvkdufygcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)&onf? ygwDpHk'Drdk
ua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1999 ckESpf/ rwfv (4)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf
(1447)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSEkwfxGufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
61? tif;pdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;pdefvSOD;(armifEG,fOD;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdefvSOD;onf tif;pdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

1938 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (17)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;bdk;b.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdefvSOD;onf owif;pmorm;
wOD;jzpfI &efukefwuUodkvfESifhtar&duefjynfaxmifpkwdk@wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ bDat/ 'Da*s(*sufzmqifzJ
vdk;)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ausmif;om;b0wGif wuUodkvfowif;axmuf/ ausmif;t+yD;wGif Adkvfwaxmifowif;pm
t,f'Dwm(jynfwGif;/ jynfyaqmif;yg;/ acgif;}uD;rsm;a&;om;cJhonf)? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk
- 266 -
ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif owif;pmoydwfudkacgif;aqmifcJhI/ wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? trsdK;
om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfzJG@pnf;&mwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf.tiftm;pktjzpf yg0ifcJhonf? armifEG,fOD;
uavmiftrnfjzifh &kyf&Sifa0zefa&;aqmif;yg;trsm;tjym;a&;om;cJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpfwGif trsdK;om;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0if OD;pdefvSOD;onf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. *ENDa=unm
csuftwdkif; e0wu v$wfawmfac:,lcGifhray;v#if trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftaejzifh aqmif&Guf&r!fh
enf;vrf;oHk;oG,fudk tzJG@rsm;cJGIa&;om;ðypk&mwGifyg0ifaqG;aEG;cJhonf? rEWav;+rdK@wGif pif+ydKiftpdk;&zJG@pnf;
a&; v#dK@0SufudpPwdk@udkvnf;od&Sdxm;cJhI oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf OD;pdefvSOD;
onf jypfr_qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 122 (1) t& axmif'%f(10)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&I a&G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 11
(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufvdkufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxG
a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (23)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? wuUodkvf
ausmif;om;b0u 1962 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (7)&ufae‹ta&;tcif;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? aemifjyKvkyfrnfh a±G;
aumufyGJrsm;Yyg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (1)&ufae‹wGif e0w a=unmcsuf
trSwf(11§92)t& jypfr_qdkif&musifhxHk;Oya' yk'fr 401 (1)jzifh tif;pdefaxmifrSjyefvGwfcJhonf? 1994 ckESpf/
Zlvdkifv (4)&ufae‹Y ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSzrf;qD;cJhaom a'gufwmcifaZmf0if;.udpPESifhywfoufI ‚if;
tygt0if OD;cifarmifaqG(prf;acsmif;)ESifh a':pef;pef;EGJ‹(pef;pef;EGJ‹-om,m0wD)wdk‹ESifhtwl 1994 ckESpf/ =o*kwf
v (5)&ufae‹wGifxyfrHzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f(7)ESpf jypf'%fcsrSwfcJhjcif;cHcJh&onf?
(13) ¶Srf;jynfe,f?
¶Srf;jynfe,fwGif +rdK@e,f(52)+rdK@e,f¶Sd rJqENe,f(56)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;(22)cktm;

udk,fpm;jyK,SOf+ydKifol v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(200)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;
(4)OD;/ pkpkaygif;(204)OD;0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m ¶Sr;f wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(23)ae&m/ trsdK;
om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(22)ae&m/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyfrS(3)ae&m/ wtmif;(yavmif)
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(2)ae&m/ u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@/ jynfaxmifpk
"EktrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ ¶Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD/ vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD/
jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwDESifh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDwdk@rS(1)ae&mpD toD;oD;
a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?
1? uavm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;jrifhoef;/ jynfaxmifpk"EktrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;jrifhoef;onf uavm+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif jynfaxmifpk"EktrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? tz OD;ndKpdrfh/ trd a':a¶$wdk@rS 1947 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (3)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;jrifhoef;onf
ynma&;wuUodkvfrS ynma&;bGJ@(bD-tD;-'D)&cJhonf? 1971 ckESpfrSpI atmifyef;tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ xdkrS 1989 ckESpfwGif emrusef;yifpif,lcJhonf? xdk@aemuf pdkufysdK;a&;
vkyfief;vkyfudkifonf? 1984 ckESpfwGif txufwef;olemjyK a':jrifhjrifh(usdKufvwf)ESifhvufxyfcJhonf?
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2? uGef[def;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdkif;vdyf(c)pJvdyf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdkif;vdyf(c)pJvdyfonf uGef[def;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cJh&onf? tz OD;0rf;qGrf;/ trd a':eef;vlwdk@rS 1940 jynfhESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? uGef[def;
+rdK@e,f/ usdKif;vGef;qGrf;aus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdkif;vdyf(c)pJvdyfonf usdKif;vGef;aus;¶Gmvlxktru/ vG,f
viftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif owWrwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpf
wGif &yfuGuf(2) OuUX/ &yfuGufaumifpD OuUX/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,faumifpDtvkyftr_
aqmiftzGJ@0if/ 1985 ckESpfwGif tem;,lI udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkifcJhonf? &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fem,utjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
3? aus;oD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;xGef;wif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;xGef;wifonf aus;oD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

tz OD;xGef;vS/ trd a':apmcifwdk@rS 1942 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? aus;oD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGef;wifonf
aus;oD;tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ vJcsm;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJ
atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif vJcsm;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif acwW
ausmif;q&m0ifvkyfcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrSpI udk,fydkifv,f,m+cHvkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;cJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/
pufwifbmv (7)&ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf?
4? uGwfcdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;cGefqdkif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cGefqkdifonf uGwfcdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(1761)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(35²44)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
uGwfckdif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1916 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (9)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;cGef*srf.om;jzpfonf? OD;cGefqdkif
onf uGwfcdkif+rdK@tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ t*Fvdyf-jrefrmtv,fwef;ausmif;/ vm;±_d;/ ykodrf/ paumu&if
txuwdk@wGif (9)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1940 jynfhESpfwGif rEWav;&Jody`Hodk@wufa&mufcJhonf?
1941-42 ckESpfwGif 'k&Jtkyf/ odEMD/ 1942 ckESpfrS 1952 ckESpftxd pcef;r–;/ =uLukwf/ yefqdkif/ erf;crf;/ 1953
ckESpfrS 1959 ckESpftxd ucsifqyfpwdwfaumifpD0if/ 1959 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd &Jtkyf/ 1966 ckESpfrS 1976
ckESpftxd 'k&Jr–;/ 1976 ckEpS fwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?
5? uGwfcdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;tdkuf&D(c)OD;vS[ef/ wtmif;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
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OD;tdkuf&D(c)OD;vS[efonf uGwfcdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif wtmif;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(1316)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(34²87)jzifh
a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? uGwfcdkif+rdK@e,f/ avmhcGrf¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armufcrf;/ trd a':at;
yGifhwdk@rS 1946 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;tdkuf&D(c)OD;vS[efonf uGwfcdkif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif
e0rwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? xdkrS ukefoG,fa&;0efxrf;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd
uGwfcdkif+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD0if/ 1976 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,for0g,r wGJzuftwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf
aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
6? ausmufrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;vSaz(c)pdkif;z/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vSaz(c)pdkif;zonf ausmufrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDzGJ@csKyf

tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(9045)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(48²42)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;aygif;auG/ trd a':qG,fcrf;pDwdk@rS 1950 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (16)&ufae@
wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? erRwl+rdK@/ yef[dkuf&yfZmwdjzpfonf? OD;vSaz(c)pdkif;zonf yef[dkuftrsdK;om;rlvwef;
ausmif;/ tm0g av'DuGefAifhtxufwef;ausmif; erRwlwdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;+yD;aemuf 1974 ckESpf
wGif pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS bDuGef;(tdkifwD)pDyDatbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? O,smOf+cHvkyfief;vkyfudkifonf? &Srf;wdkif;&if;
om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDzGJ@ csKyfwGif A[dkpnf;rª;(1)wm0ef,lcJhonf?
7? ausmufrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
pdkif;aqmifqD(c)e,fvfqif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
pdkif;aqmifqD(c)e,fvfqifonf ausmufrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdk

ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(8427)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(50²78)jzifh a¶G;
cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;aumvD.om;jzpfonf? 1948 ckESpf/ {+yDv (1)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? pdkif;
aqmifpDonf 1954 ckESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd ar+rdK@pdefrdkufu,fausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1969 ckESpfwGif
rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`HbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? ausmufrJ+rdK@wGif “t¶k%fOD;”wnf;cdkcef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkif
onf? &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dkpm&if;ppfwm0ef,lcJhonf?
8? uGrf;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;&efusif;armf/ &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD?
OD;&efusif;armfonf uGrf;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyK

udk;uef@e,f/ ,efawmf¶Sef¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&ef0ifajymif/ trd a':vDa¶Smufavmufwdk@rS 1938 ckESpf
wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;&efusif;armfonf (8)ESpft¶G,fwGif ,efawmf¶Sef¶Gm¶Sd udk;uef@pmayoif=um;aom
ausmif;Y (9)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? touf(22)ESpfwGif tdrfaxmifjyKI rdom;pkESifhtwlawmif,m
- 269 -
vkyfief;/ ta&mif;t0,fvkyfief; vkyfudkifcJhonf? &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwDwGif 'kwd,OuUXtjzpf
wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (13)&ufae@wGif jyKvkyfonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD
tpnf;ta0;rS OD;&efusif;armftm; tzGJ@0ifopftjzpf vufcHcJhonf?
9? usdKif;wHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;pdkif;vHkausmuf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pkdif;vHkausmufonf usdKif;wHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? 1942 ckESpf/ arv (23)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;armifeD.om;jzpfonf? OD;pkdif;vHkausmufonf 1958
ckESpfwGif usdKif;wHktpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1965 ckESpftxd
aemifa,;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ usKdif;wHkwGif rlvwef;jyq&mtjzpftr_xrf;cJhonf?
10? usdKif;wkH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;pdkif;&Dwpf(yf)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
pdkif;,Dwpf(yf)onf usdKif;wHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? 1942 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (27)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;vHkxGD.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdkif;,Dwpf(yf)onf 1965
ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI yxrESpfody`Hudk awmif}uD;OypmaumvdyfwGif wESpfwufa&muf+yD;/ 1966
ckESpfwGif usdKif;wHktpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)wGif tv,fwef;jyq&m/ 1970 jynfhESpfwGif tvkyfrS
E_wfxGufcJhonf?
11? qDqdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdef0if;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdef0if;onf qDqdkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2110)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(35²5)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1941
ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (26)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;q&mav;.om;jzpfonf? [dkykef;+rdK@/ aemifpHkaus;¶GmZmwdjzpf
onf? OD;pdef0if;onf arG;csif;(9)OD;teuft}uD;qHk;jzpf+yD;/ 1950 jynfhESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd rEWav;+rdK@/ wdkif;
cspfausmif;wGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1965 ckESpfrS 1968 ckESpftxd ausmif;q&m
tjzpfvkyfudkifcJh+yD;/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd qDqdkif+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0ifjzpfcJh
onf?
12? anmifa&$+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmOD;v_dif(c)OD;xGef;vd_if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 270 -
a'gufwmOD;v_dif(c)OD;xGef;v_difonf anmifa&$+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkfifvHkrJ(11874)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(63²73)jzifh a&G;cs,f
wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;tkef;/ trd a':aygwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (1)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh
onf? a&vnf&yf/ [J,m&Gmr tif;av;Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;v_dif(c)OD;xGef;v_difonf [J,m&Gmr tpdk;&txuf
wef;ausmif;/ awmif}uD;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD; wuUodkvf
0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1973 ckEpS fwGif aq;wuUodkfvf(2)/ r*Fvm'HkrS q&m0efbG@J&¶SdcJhonf? xkdESpfwGif
tdrfaxmifjyKcJhonf? 1976 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd &GmiH vufaxmufq&m0ef/ +rdK@e,fq&m0ef/ 1979 ckESpfrS
1980 jynfhESpf/ ZGefvtxd yk'fr 5 (n)ESifh 10 (u) wkdk@jzifhzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1984 ckESpfwGif
&mxl;rS&yfpJcHcJh&onf? ,cktcg [J&m &Gmr a&vnf&yfuGufwGifaeonf?
13? anmifa&$+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;tkef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;tkef;armifonf anmifa&$+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? anmifa&$+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ºuG,f/ trd a':jr[efwkd@rS 1947 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@wGifarG;
cJhonf? OD;tkef;armifonf 1965 ckESpfwGif awmif}uD;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(6)rS q,fwef;
atmifjrifcJhonf? awmif}uD;aumvdyfrS ±lyaA't"dujzifh 'kwd,ESpfwGifausmif;xGufonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif
a':cifoef;EGJ@ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSxGufcJhonf? Anmifa¶$+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
14? awmif}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;ausmfcif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ausmfcifonf awmif}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? rdk;!‡if;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;!Gef@/ trdd a':pdefwifwdk@rS 1939 ckESpf/ arv (5)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh
onf? OD;ausmfcifonf ody`HbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ukefoG,fa&;(1)ESifh zm;uef@ausmufpdrf;wGif;wkd@wGif vkyfudkifcJhonf?
1972 ckESpfwGif awmif}uD;+rdK@odk@ajymif;a&$@aexkdifcJhonf? 1977 ckESpfwGif a':ciftkef;jrifhESifhvufxyfcJhonf?
awmif}uD;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;/ jynfe,fA[dkOD;pD; tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf?
15? awmif}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
cGefazaxG;(c)cGef&wema[m0f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
cGefazaxG;(c)cGef&wema[m0fonf awmif}uD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD

tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(16886)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(66²73)jzihf a&G;cs,f
wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;ausmif;rmvm.om;jzpfonf? 1949 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (26)&ufae@zGm;jzpf
onf? cGefazaxG;(c)cGef&wema[m0fonf ody`H(opfawm)bJG@udk 1973-74 ckESpfwGif&¶SdcJhonf? i,fpOfuyif
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orxusifhpOfukdavhvmvkdufpm;cJhI tENd,/ wdbuf/ w&kwf/ *syefESihf ax&0g'Ak'<usifhpOfwkd@udk tm;xkwf
onf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD wif;jynfhygwD0ifjzpfcJhzl;onf? ytkd@trdsK;om;zGHG@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;tzGJG@wGif
wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–;/ awmif}uD;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;±Hk;a&;r–;wm0efwdk@,lcJh
onf?
16? wef@,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;cGef}uD;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cGef}uD;onf wef@,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cJh&onf? tz OD;cGefpdef/ trd a':Edkif;wdk@rS 1930 jynfhESpf/ arv (12)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;cGef}uD;onf
1950-51 ckESpfwGif vm;¶_d;+rdK@tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;rS (7)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfwGif ausmif;
xGufI vm;¶_d;+rdK@tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;wGif vufaxmufausmif;q&m0ifvkyfcJhonf? xdkrS rdkif;&,f+rdK@odk@
ajymif;a¶$@cJhonf? 1953-54 ckEpS fwGif awmif}uD;+rdK@q&mtwwfoifausmif;odk@ wufa&mufcJh+yD;aemuf
ausmif;q&mtjzpf wef@,ef;+rdK@e,f/ cdkif;ywfaus;¶Gmodk@ajymif;a¶$@vkyfudkifcJhonf? ausmif;q&mtjzpfrS tem;
,lcJh+yD;aemufwGif awmif,mvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf?
17? wef@,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;xGef;qm(c)pdkif;xGef;0if;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;xGef;qm(c)pdkif;xGef;0if;onf wef@,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdk

ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2322)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(48²78)jzifh a¶G;
cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;cef;¶Guf/ trd a':eef;vGwfwdk@rS 1947 ckESpfwiG f arG;zGm;cJhonf? p,f[D
aus;¶Gmtkyfpk/ uwfawmifaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdkif;xGef;0if;onf 1957 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd vm;¶_d;
+rdK@wGif rlvwef;/ 1963 ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd wef@,ef;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ 1967 ckESpfwGif wef;
jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJatmifjrifI 1968 ckESpfrS 1970 jynfhESpftxd awmif}uD;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;trSwf(6)wufa&mufcJh+yD; tajccHynmtxufwef;pmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif
awmif}uD;aumvdyfodk@wufa&mufcJh+yD;/ 1972 ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ordkif;bmomt"du
jzifh 0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,faumifpD0if/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1991 ckESpftxd wef@
,ef;+rdK@e,f w&m;ol}uD;tzGJ@0if/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd wef@,ef;+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD tvkyftr_
aqmiftjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? xdk@aemuf v,f,mvkyfief;vkyfudkifonf?
18? wmcsDvdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pGHqdkif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pGefqdkif;onf wmcsDvdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(8901)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²91)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz
OD;pHcuf/ trd a':eef;v#dK;wdk@rS 1960 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pGHqdkif;onf 1965
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ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd wmcsDvdwf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wGif ynmoif=um;cJh&m &Spfwef;
atmifjrifcJhonf? 1979 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd rdbESifhtwlpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1989 ckESpfwGif
tdrfaxmifusonf?
19? erfhpef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdkif;wif0if;(c)OD;wif0if;/ &Sr;f wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdkif;wif0if;(c)OD;wif0if;onf erfhpef+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

ajr‡muf jcif;cHcJh&onf? vdGKifvif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;jr=unf.om;jzpfonf? 1943 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv
(5)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;pdkif;wif0if;(c)OD;wif0if;onf 1962-63 ckESpfwGif vdGKifvif+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;rS ausmif;xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1963-64 ckESpfwGif opfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf?
1974 ckESpfwGif erfhqef+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD twGif;a&;rª;/ 1981 ckESpfwGif erfhqef+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD
wzGJ@vHk; ta&;,lcHcJh&ojzifh aumifpD0iftjzpfrS&yfem;cJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrpS I pdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;
vkyfudkifcJhonf?
20? erfhqef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;xGef;ausmf/ wtmif;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;xGef;ausmfonf erfhqef+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif wtmif;(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cJh&onf? tz OD;tdkufpif/ trd a':vSwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (10)&ufae@wGiaf rG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;xGef;
ausmfonf 1974 ckESpfwGif rEWav;pdkufysdK;a&;wuUodkvfrS pdkufysdK;a&;ynmbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1988
ckESpftxd tcsdefydkif;+rdK@e,faumifpD0if/ +rdK@e,for0g,r twGif;a&;rª;/ +rdK@e,fawmifolv,form;tpnf;
t¶Hk; 'kwd,OuUX/ wtmif;(yavmif)vlrsdK;wdk@.pmay jyefvnfazmfxkwfa&;udkaqmif¶GufcJhonf? wtmif;
(yavmif)trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dkaumfrwD0ifESifh +rdK@e,fpnf;aumfrwD OuUX tjzpf wm0ef,lcJh
onf?
21? erfhcrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdkif;omat;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdkif;omat;onf erfhcrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;udk,fpm;

jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(20190)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(62²54)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? odEMD+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;0[m0rf;/ trd a':crfqmwdk@rS 1935 ckESpf/ arv (17)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;
cJhonf? OD;pdkif;omat;onf wuUodkvf0ifwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1959 ckESpfwGif rEWav;&Jody`HwGif 'k&J
tkyfoifwef;wufa&mufcJhonf? 1960 jynfhESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd 'k&Jtkyf/ &Jtkyf/ 1972 ckESpfwGif e-v-u
twGif;a&;rª;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD OuUX/ 1985 ckESpfwGif usef;rma&;a=umifh
- 273 -
&Jtkyftqifhjzifh t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? EdkifiHawmf&Jtr_xrf;wHqdyf csD;jr‡ifhjcif;cHcJh&onf? &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf?
22? aemifcsdK+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;xGef;atmif(c)OD;xGef;xGef;[def;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;xGef;atmif(c)OD;xGef;xGef;[def;onf aemifcsKd+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;=um[def;/ trd a':jrcifwkd@rS 1949 ckESpf/ {+yDv (30)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
jyifOD;vGif+rdK@e,f/ ZD;yif}uD;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;xGef;xGef;[def;onf 1954 ckESpfwGif ausmufrJ+rdK@
trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1966 ckESpfwGif ausmif;xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yJGESifh
1968 ckESpfwGif ausmufrJ+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1972 ckESpfwGif
rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`HbJG@(owWaA')&¶SdcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfwiG f a':pdefpdefodrf;ESifhvufxyfcJh
onf? 1973-74 ckESpfwGif e,fpyfa'ouGrfvHk+rdK@Y rdbq&mcef@ txufwef;jyq&m/ 1975 ckESpfwGif txuf
wef;a&S@aepmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif aemifcsKd+rdK@e,f
taxGaxGoydwfuGyfuJr_aumfrwD OuUX/ 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmvwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
aemifcsKd+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wm0efcHtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf?
23? erRwl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
a':arjzdK;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a':ar+zdK;onf erRwl+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(9782)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(54²84)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;+zdK;
(jrefrm)ESifh trd a':&Gufwdk@rS 1927 ckESpf/ arv (5)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a':ar+zdK;onf 0dZ…mbJG@&cJhonf?
ausmif;q&mrtjzpf (22)ESpf/ trSwf(1)owˆKwl;azmfa&;aumfydka&;&Sif;wGif (19)ESpf/ tcsKyfa&;&m0efxrf;('k)
tjzpfrS oufjynfhyifpif,lcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD0if(tcsdefydkif;)/ vlr_
a&;&maumfrwD twGif;a&;r–;/ +rdK@e,fpmayvkyfom;tzJG@ twGif;a&;r–;/ omoemhwuUodkvfjzpfajrmufa&;
+rdK@e,f OyXmutzJG@0iftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (4)&ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf?
a':ar+zdK; (78)ESpf
Teacher May
o-w-u (t+idrf;pm;) erRwl+rdK@
erRwl+rdK@/ yef[dkuf&yfuGuf(4)/ ,kZevrf;/ trSwf(5)ae OD;xGef;cif.ZeD;/ OD;wifarmifaomif;-a':eef;
+idrf;vS/ OD;aZ,s-a':=unf=unfaX;/ a':cifa¶$/ OD;pdk;vSpf-a':cifxm;/ OD;pHvif;-a':,Of,Ofar/ OD;oef@Zif-a':
ararat;/ OD;tHhbG,f-a':aomif;jrifhwdk@. rdcif/ ajr; 16 a,mufwdk@.tbGm;onf 4-11-2002 &ufwGif erR
wl+rdK@aetdrfY uG,fvGefI 6-11-2002 &uf nae 3 em&DwGif yef[dkufokomefwGif rD;o+*õK[f+yD;pD;yga=umif;?
usef&pfolrdom;pk
24? yif;w,+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
- 274 -
OD;atmifoef;onf yif;w,+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

tz OD;=u,fajymif/ trd a':wifwkd@rS 1942 ckESpf/ rwfv (9)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? yif;w,+rdK@e,f/
opft,fyifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;atmifoef;onf 1952 ckESpfwGif opft,fyifaus;&GmY rlvwef;ynm
oif=um;cJh+yD; 1956 ckESpfwGif tXrwef;udk awmif}uD;+rdK@/ wkdif;&if;om;c&pf,meftxufwef;ausmif;rS
vnf;aumif;/ 1960 jynfhESpfwGif yif;w,+rdK@wGJbuftxufwef;ausmif;rS (10)wef;udk (c)tqifhjzifhvnf;
aumif;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd qufoG,fa&;aumfydka&;&Sif; pma&;0efxrf;/ 1974
ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?
25? yifavmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;armif=uD;/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armif}uD;onf yifavmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? yifavmif;+rdK@e,f/ wDuspfaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? 1937 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (28)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf?
OD;uau.om;jzpfonf? OD;armif}uD;onf awmif}uD;+rdK@/ ya'o&mZfta¶S@ausmif;/ [J,m¶Gmr/ tif;av;/ u
avm/ rEWav;/ &efukefwdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? wuUodkvfausmif;
om;b0wGif ytdk0fhausmif;om;or*~ 'kwd,OuUX/ yifavmif;+rdK@e,fygwD,lepf¶Hk;wGif ¶Hk;tkyf(3)ESpfvkyfcJhbl;
onf? 1974 ckESpfwGif yifavmif;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f/ udk,fydkifvufzuf+cHvkyfief;vkyfudkifonf?
26? yifavmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;p0fomwifh/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;p0fomwifhonf yifavmif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(937)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(71²97)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡muf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? tz yifavmif;apmfbGm;}uD;p0fcrf;csKyf/ trd r[ma'0Dp0fjrppfwdk@rS 1934 ckESpf/ rwfv (23)
&ufae@wGifarG;zGGm;cJhonf? 1957-58 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfrSpI &yf¶Gmwm0efrsm;
udkxrf;aqmifcJhonf? ydÉuwfbmomjyef A[dkaumfrwD/ +rdK@e,faumifpD0iftjzpf xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1990
jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (26)&ufae@wGif uG,fvGefonf?
27? z,fcHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
cGefrm;&fudkbef/ u,ef;trsdKom;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@?
cGefrm;&fudkbefonf z,fcHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif u,ef;trsdKom;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pD

tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(12536)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(76²89)jzifh a¶G;cs,f
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wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz zl;cGef;usm/ trd yD;rlaomif;wdk@rS 1941 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? u,m;jynf/ rdk;+AJe,f/ vG,f,if;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? cGefrm;&fudkbefonf 1964-65 ckESpfwGif
wef;jrifhausmif;xGufatmifjrifcJh+yD;aemuf ausmif;rSxGufcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfrS 1970 jynfhESpftxd ukefoG,f
a&;Xme/ 1971 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,ftkycf sKyfa&;Xmewdk@wGif tr_xrf;cJhonf? 1982 ckESpfrSpI
v,f,m+cHvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? u,ef;trsdKom;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@(A[dk)wGif 'kwd,
OuUXtjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (11)&ufae@wGif e0wrS trdef@trSwf(7§92)jzifh u,ef;
trsdKom;rsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; zsufodrf;cJhojzifh cGefrm;&fudkbefonf ygwDrJhjzpfoGm;
+yD; woD;yk*~vtoGifa&muf¶SdoGm;cJhonf? 1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (21)&ufae@wGif qGD'ifEdkifiH/ AGefrm;pApfwGif
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;& jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfhtcg zuf'&,fa&;&m0ef}uD;tjzpfwm
0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf?
28? rdk;eJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;cGefyGifh/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cGefyGifhonf rdk;eJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(3145)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(58²86)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;¶Guf
0if.om;jzpfonf? 1923 ckESpf/ ZGefv (18)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? uGef[def;+rdK@e,f/ usdKif;vGef;aus;¶GmZmwdjzpf
onf? OD;cGefyGifhonf rdk;eJtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif owWrwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJh
onf? 1948 ckESpfwGif tdrfaxmifjyKcJhonf? 1958 ckESpt f xd ukefonfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhI 1959 ckESpfwGif
zciftem;,lonfhtcg zcifae&m usdKif;vGef;+rdK@pm;tjzpf 1962 ckESpftxd aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrS
1981 ckESpftxd &yfuGufjynfol@aumifpD OuUX/ 1982 ckESpfwGif udk,fydkifqefpufvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf?
29? armufr,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
pdkif;tGwf(c)pdkif;wifatmif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
pdkif;tGwf(c)pdkif;wifatmifonf armufr,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@

csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2626)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(86²84)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;oef;.om;jzpfonf? 1958 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? pdkif;tGwf(c)pdkif;wifatmifonf
&efukefwuUodkvfrS ody`H(¶lyaA')bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfwGif qnfajrmif;OD;pD;Xme armufr,f+rdK@wGif tvkyf
=uyftjzpf wESpfvkyfudkifcJhonf? xdk@aemuf tvkyfrSxGufI udk,fydkif+cHvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf?
30? rdkif;yef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdkif;rdk;=unf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdkif;rdk;=unfonf rdkif;yef+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

tz OD;ausmif;!Gef@/ trd a':pef;yGifhwdk@rS 1953 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (6)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? om;orD;(15)
OD;wGif (11)a,mufajrmufom;jzpfonf? 1941 ckESpfwGif rdkif;yeftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ 1951 ckESpfwGif
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awmif}uD;+rdK@ c&pf,meftxufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1953 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfodk@0ifcJh
onf? trSwf(2)ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;wyf/ trSwf(6)/ trSwf(3)axmufvSrf;a&;wyfwdk@rSwqifh trSwf(2)
axmufvSrf;a&;/ awmif}uD; cv&(41)wdk@wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1966 ckESpfwGif wyf=uyf}uD;tqifhjzifh
t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfwGif rdkif;yef+rdK@r vHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD OuUX/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1977
ckESpftxd +rdK@e,faumifpD OuUX/ 1979 ckESpfwGif rdkif;yef+rdK@e,fygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if/ tvkyform; OuUX wm
0efrsm;,lcJh+yD;/ 1982 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDrS E_wfxGufcJhonf?
31? rdkif;udkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdkif;tGrf/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdkif;tGrfonf rdkif;udkif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Sr;f wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

rdkif;udkif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cef;aqmeENm/ trd a':pef;pdefwdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (23)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdkif;tGro f nf 1980 jynfhESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`H(¶kuQaA')bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf?
1981 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ rdkif;udkiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ 1982 ckESpfwGif y&aq;ukef
onf/ 1983 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd twGif;a&;rª;/ 'kw, d OuUX/ vvoo/ 1984 ckESpfwGif a':eef;crf;¶GufESifh
vufxyfcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd a*gyutzGJ@/ b¾mxdef;/ twGif;a&;rª;/ +rdK@e,f¶Srf;pmay,Of
aus;r_aumfrwD twGif;a&;rª;/ &Srf;wdik f;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,ftwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif
¶GufcJhonf?
32? rdkif;¶SL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdkif;0if;az(c)0if;az/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdkif;0if;az(c)0if;azonf rdkif;¶SL;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? tz OD;pHyGifh/ trd a':ESif;&Dwdk@rS 1957 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (4)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf?
OD;pdkif;0if;az(Sai Win Pay)onf 1962 ckESpfwGif awmif}uD;+rdK@/ a&at;uGif;&yf¶Sd a':}uD;-a':i,f tvGwf
ynmoifausmif;Yynmoif=um;cJhI (7)wef;wGif tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ 1978 ckESpfwGif (10)
wef;pmar;yGJudk tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(6)rS atmifjrifcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd
awmif}uD;a'oaumvdyfodk@wufa&mufynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 'kwd,ESpfwGif ¶Hk;vkyfief;'Dyvdkrm&onf? 1980
jynfhESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUokdvfodk@wufa&mufynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 0dZ…m(pdwfynm)bGJ@
&¶SdcJhonf? rEWav;wuUodkvfwGif ynmoif=um;aepOf ¶Srf;pmay ‘r’ig;vHk;oifwef;q&mtjzpf yJcl;wdkif;/
awmifil+rdK@e,f/ Z&yf}uD;¶GmwGif (2)}udrfvkyftm;ay;cJhonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a¶S@aepmar;yGJudk jref
rm"avhxHk;wrf;Oya'*k%fxl;jzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif awmif}uD;Xme
cGJ/ qufoG,fjyef=um;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ rwfv (23)&ufae@wGif Nang Tin Tin
Kham ESifhvufxyfcJhonf?
33? rdkif;&,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
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OD;vS'if/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vS'ifonf rdkif;&,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdik f;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

1919 ckESpf/ rwfv (15)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;p.om;jzpfonf? OD;vS'ifonf rdkif;vHktpdk;&tv,fwef;
ausmif;rS owWrwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1936 ckESpfrS 1952 ckESpftxd oDayge,fapmfbGm;.&JtzGJ@wGif &Jwyf
om;rS pcef;rª;txd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfwGif tvkyfrSxGufcJh+yD; rdkif;vHkwGif tcsdKaomuf
vufzufajcmufvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJh&m 1958 ckESpftxdjzpfonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd ¶Srf;jynfol@&J
tzGJ@wGif jyefvnf0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJh+yD; &JtkyfrS pcef;rª;txd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1979 ckESpfwGif ouf
jynfhyifpif,lcJhonf?
34? rlq,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;pdkif;vSaz/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdkif;vSazonf rlq,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? rlq,f+rdK@e,f/ awmf¶Gufaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;qdkifcrf;[def;/ trd a':qGJ@crf;wdk@rS 1953
ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (28)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdkif;vSazonf rlq,ftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ vm;¶d_;+rdK@/
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ tajccHynmtxufwef;udk (c)tqifhjzifh
atmifjrifcJhonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif yefcef;aus;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif; ausmif;q&m/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1980
jynfhESpftxd rlq,f+rdK@e,for0g,rOD;pD;Xme 'k-toif;pkrª;/ xdk@aemuf v,f,mvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf?
OD;pdkif;vSazonf wEdkifiHvHk;wGif cdkifvHkrJ&mcdkifE_ef;trsm;qHk;jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&oljzpfonf?
35? rlq,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;pdkif;armifav;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdkif;armifav;onf rlq,f+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;vSarmif/ trd a':rdkif;crf;wdk@rS 1947 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
ausmufrJ+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdkif;armifav;onf rlq,f+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;ESifh vm;¶d_;+rdK@tpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1972 ckESpfwGif rEWav;0dZ…mESifhody`HwuU
odkvfrS ody`H(¶kuQaA')bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1973 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd rlq,f+rdK@e,for0g,rOD;pD;Xme pma&;0ef
xrf;/ 1976 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,for0g,rtoif; twGif;a&;rª;(oHk;}udrf)/ 'kwd,OuUX(1)
(ESpf}udrf)/ 1984 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,fw&m;ol}uD;tzGJ@0if/ xdk@aemuf ukefonfvkyfief;vkyfudkif
onf?
36? rdk;rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
a'gufwmtkef;armif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 278 -
a'gufwmOD;tkef;armifonf rdk;rdwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK
rbdef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armif}uD;/ trd a':cif,Hkwdk@rS 1932 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28)&ufae@wGifarG;
zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmOD;tkef;armifonf 1960 jynfhESpfwGif &efukefaq;wuUodkvfrS aq;ody`HbGJ@(trfbDbD
tufpf)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfwGif t*FvefEdkifiHodk@ cJGpdwfr_yg&*lbJG@,l&efoGm;a&mufcJh+yD;/ 1965 ckESpfwGif
yg&*lbJG@udk yxrtqifhjzifhatmifjrifcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfwGif 'kwd,ykdif;ajzqkd&ef tD'ifbm&m+rdK@okd@toGm;
vrf;wGifum;arSmufI atmufydkif;aocJhonf? t*FvefwGif(1)ESpfaq;ukocJh+yD; 1970 jynfhESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiH
odk@jyefvnfa&muf&Sdonf? 1970 jynfhESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd q&m0ef/ rdk;ukwf+rdK@jynfol@aq;±Hk/ 1978 ckESpfwGif
roefrpGrf;yifpif,lcJhonf? bdef;jzLtEW&m,fwm;qD;umuG,fa&;wGif aq;pGJolvli,f(120)udk pepfwusuko
ay;cJhonf? 1979 ckESpfwGif “u|efawmfhom;}uD;/ aorif;ESifhppfcif;ol”pmtkyfjzifh trsKd;om;pmayqk&¶SdcJhonf?
37? rbdrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;cspfcif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;cspfcifonf rbdrf;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(8767)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(83²38)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rbdrf;+rdK@
Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;boG,f.om;jzpfonf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (20)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf?
OD;cspfcifonf 1954 ckESpfrS 1966 ckESpftxd rbdrf;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ uom+rdK@tpdk;&txuf
wef;ausmif;wkd@wGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhI 1972-73 ckESpfwGif rEWav;
wuUodkvfrS ody`H(±lyaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd rbdrf;+rdK@e,for0g,r twGif;a&;r–;/
'kwd,OuUX/ 1989 ckESpfwGif rbdrf;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (7)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGufcJhonf?
38? rdkif;ysif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;',feD&,fatmif/ vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@jzdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD?
OD;',feD&,fatmifonf rdkif;ysif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@jzdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwDtm;

cJh&onf? vm;¶d_;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;=um[J/ trd a':em*wdk@rS 1942 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (5)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;',feD&,fatmifonf erfhcsdKatbDtrfausmif;(yef,ef;)/ yef0dkifatbDtrfausmif;(usdKif;wHk)/
&efukef/ =unfhjrifwdkiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(4)wdk@wGif tajccHynmtxufwef;txdynmoif
=um;cJh+yD;/ 1966 ckESpfwGif&efukefwuUodkvfrS0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1966 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (23)&ufae@rS 1989
ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (7)&ufae@txd jrefrmhowif;pOf(EdkifiHjcm;) bmomjyef/ vufaxmuft,f'Dwm/ t,f'D
wm/ 1976 ckESpfwGif AD,uferfESifh 1987 ckESpfwGif w¶kwfEdkifiHodk@oGm;a&mufcJhonfh cspf=unfa&;owif;pm
udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@0if/ vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@jzdK;wdk;wufa&;ygwD(A[dk)wGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf?
39? rdkif;,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
- 279 -
OD;pdkif;EGHwpf(yf)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
pdkfif;EGHwpf(yf)onf rkdif;,ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(803)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(52²21)jzifhf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1961
ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;apmatmif.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdkif;EGHwpf(yf)onf 1968
ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpftxd oli,fwef;rSpIowWrwef;txd rkdif;,ef;tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 1978 ckESpfwGif
owWrwef;atmifjrifI 1981 ckESpfwGif usdKif;wHktpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;okd@ajymif;a&$+yD; (8)wef;rS(10)
wef;txdynmoif,lcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfwGif ausmif;rSxGufI rdkif;,ef;+rdK@/ aps;wef;&yfae reef;qdkifESifh
tdrfaxmifus+yD; pufcsKyftwwfynmjzifhtoufarG;cJhonf?
40? rdkif;cwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdkif;&SJefavG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdkif;&SJefavGonf rkdif;cwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(1283)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²31)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? rdkif;
,ef;+rdK@e,f/ rdkif;avGZmwdjzpfonf? 1942 ckESpf/ rwfv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;&Sdefpdkifcrf;.om;jzpfonf?
OD;pdkif;&SJefavGonf 1962 ckESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufvufrSwf&pmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfrS
1988 ckESpftxd usdKif;wHk+rdK@e,for0g,r twGif;a&;r–;(1)/ òrd@e,fjynfol@aumifpD tcsdefykdif;/ rkdif;cwf+rdK@e,f
ygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if/ rdkif;cwf+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
41? rdkif;wHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdkif;ausmfpdef/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdkif;ausmfpdefonf rdkif;wHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

tz vHk;ausmif;yEW/ trd a':ygvefwdk@.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdkif;ausmfpdefonf touf(5)ESpft¶G,fwGif rdkif;wHk
rlvwef;ausmif;/ yifvHk+rdK@tv,fwef;ausmif;/ rdkif;wHktv,fwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif (8)wef;atmifjrifonf
txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? v,form;aumifpDwGif pma&;0efxrf;tjzpf(6)ESpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ tvkyf
rSE_wfxGufI &yfuGufaumifpD OuUX/ twGif;a&;rª;wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk
¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDrSE_wfxGufcJh+yD;/ udk,fydkifv,f,mvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (19)&ufae@
wGifuG,fvGefonf?
42? rdkif;qwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;qef0kef;(c)OD;pdkif;bkef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;qef0kef;(c)OD;pdkfif;bkef;jrifhonf rkdif;qwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (9)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? rdkif;qwf+rdK@e,f/ 0def;aeZmwdjzpfonf?
- 280 -
OD;&SJefpdfkif;.om;jzpfonf? OD;qef0kef;(c)OD;pkdif;bkef;jrifhonf tXrwef;atmifjrif+yD;aemuf 1964 ckESpfrS 1969
ckESpftxd 0def;aetpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ rlvwef;jy/ 1972 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd rdkif;qwfevu
tvkyftr_aqmif/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd jynfe,faumifpD0if(tcsdefykdif;)tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
43? rdkif;a,mif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
pdkif;xGef;atmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
pkdif;xGef;atmifonf rkdif;a,mif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

tz OD;apmvHk/ trd a':eef;vHkwkd@rS 1953 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? rkdif;a,mif;Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;pdkif;xGef;
atmifonf 1971 ckESpfwGif qXrwef;atmifonftxd rdkif;a,mif;wGifausmif;aecJhonf? 1973 ckESpfrS
1985 ckESpftxd +rdK@r or0g,r pma&;0efxrf;/ xdk@aemuf rdbESifhtwlv,f,mvkyfief; vkyfudkifcJhonf?
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (8)&ufae@wGif a=unm
44? rdkif;jzwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdkif;EGJ@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdkif;EJG@onf rkdif;jzwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(1625)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(38²44)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? usdKif;wHk+rdK@
Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;qkdifausmuf/ trd a':eef;oef;wdk@rS 1937 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (13)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJh
onf? OD;pdkif;EGJ@onf usKdif;wHkaemifa&;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;rS yÌrwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1952 ckESpfrS 1957
ckESpftxd OD;rdk;pmay/ pme,fZif;udk,fpm;vS,f/ 1960 jynfhESpfwGif a':eef;[kwfESifhvufxyfcJhonf? udk,fydkif
qefpufvkyfief;vkyfudkifonf?
45? &GmiH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;atmifodef;/ jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwD?
OD;atmifodef;onf &GmiH+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwDtm; udk,fpm;

tz OD;armifoef;/ trd a':trm&Dwdk@rS 1948 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (30)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf? xm;0,f+rdK@
Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;atmifodef;onf tajccHynmudk xm;0,f+rdK@ESifh &efukef+rdK@rsm;wGif oif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1964
ckESpfwGif awmif}uD;OypmaumvdyfY 'kwd,ESpfody`Hwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1966
ckESpfwGif usef;rma&;rª;oifwef;wufa&mufcJh+yD; ¶GmiH+rdK@wGif (11)ESpf=um usef;rma&;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;
aqmifcJhonf? tvkyfrSE_wfxGuf+yD;aemufwGif ¶GmiH+rdK@e,f/ +rdKifaus;¶GmwGif pdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;vkyfudkifaexdkif
cJhonf? jynfaxmifpktrsdK;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDygwD(,l-tifef-'D-yD)rS a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfh wOD;
wnf;aom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf?
- 281 -
46? &yfapmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
a'gufwmvS&Sdef/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmvS&Sdefonf &yfapmuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkfifvHkrJ(10851)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(49²2)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
OD;bkd;atmif.om;jzpfonf? 1935 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (17)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? yef;waemf+rdK@e,f/ a&vJ&Gm
Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmvS&Sdefonf 1954 ckESpfwGif (10)wef;atmifjrifcJh+yD; &efukefaq;wuUodkvfodk@wuf
a&mufcJhonf? q&m0efbJG@r&rD ausmif;q&mxGufIvkyfcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfwGif &efukefaq;wuUodkvf(1)rS
q&m0efbGJ@(trfbDbDtufpf)&¶SdcJhonf? usef;rma&;XmewGif (18)ESpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ tvkyfrSyifpif
r,lbJ 1979 ckESpfwGif E_wfxGufcJhonf? xdk@aemuf &yfapmuf+rdK@wGif vdarRmf+cHvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf?
47? vGdKifvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdkif;xGef;ausmf(c)xGef;ausmf/ &Sr;f wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdkif;xGef;ausmf(c)xGef;ausmfonf vGdKifvif+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@

csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(6946)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(38²46)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1945 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;ajy.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdkif;xGef;ausmfonf (8)wef;atmifjrif
onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd 0rfpdefaus;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;(rdkif;
aemif)ESifh yifvHktpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)wdk@wGif rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1972 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpf
txd yifvHk&yfuGuf(1) &yfuGufvHk+cHKa&;aumifpD twGif;a&;rª;/ OuUX/ +rdK@e,faumifpD0ifponfjzifh
aqmif¶Guf cJhonf?
48? vJcsm;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;omxGef;jr/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;omxGef;jronf vJcsm;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

rdkif;&,fZmwdjzpfonf? 1938 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;qGJ.om;jzpfonf? OD;omxGef;
jronf rdkif;a*ghtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ ausmufrJtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ awmif}uD;aumvdyf/ &efukef
wuUodkvfwdk@wGif Oypm(u)wef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? awmif}uD;aumvdyf ausmif;
om;rsm;or*~ESifh ¶Srf;jynfausmif;om;rsm;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@wdk@wGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1966 ckESpf
wGif tajccHEdkifiHa&;oifwef;wufa&mufcJhonf? 1966 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd vJcsm;/ rdkif;udkif/ rdkif;¶SL;
+rdK@e,frsm;wGif ygwD,lepfaumfrwD0if/ twGif;a&;rª;/ OuUX/ 1981 ckESpfwGif ynma&;Xmeodk@ jyefvnfajymif;
a¶$@vkyfudkifcJh +yD;/ 1986 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?
49? vif;ac;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdkif;xGef;atmif/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 282 -
OD;pdkif;xGef;atmifonf vif;ac;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;
cJh&onf? vif;ac;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;vHk;pdkif;vHk/ trd a':ygvdwfwdk@rS 1958 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (10)&ufae@
wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdkif;xGef;atmifonf vif;ac;tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ awmif}uD;a'oaumvdyf/ &ef
ukefwdarG;ukoa&;wuUodkvf/ ysOf;rem;a&qif;wdarG;ukwuUodkvfwdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ wdarG;uk'Dyvdk
rmESifh wdarG;ukq&m0efbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? wd&p>mefaq;ukcef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifonf? &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,f OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf?
50? vm;¶_d;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;pdkif;jrifharmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pkdif;jrifharmifonf vm;±_d;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkfifvHkrJ(11491)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(39²81)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? 1946 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (18)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;0if;vGif.om;jzpfonf? OD;pkdif;jrifharmifonf 1964
ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifI 1970 jynfhESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`HbJG@&¶SdcJhonf?
1970 jynfhESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yGJ ajzqdkatmifjrifcJhonf? a&S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif¶Guf&if;
1976 ckESpfwGif rSwfyHkwifOya'bJG@(tmt,fvf)atmifjrifcJhonf? 1979 ckESpw f Gif A[dkw&m;±Hk;/ vm;±_d;+rdK@e,f
a&S@aersm;toif; OuUX/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif vm;±_d;+rdK@e,f
A[kdkoydwf OuUX/ ta&;awmfyHk}uD;t+yD;wGif (23)&uf=umzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
51? vm;&_d;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;oef;aX;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;oef;aX;onf vm;±d_;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

I 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkfifvHkrJ(8649)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(39²8)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1948 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;b&Si. f om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;aX;onf txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yJGatmifjrifcJhI
Oya'bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1965 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd vm;±_d;+rdK@/ tpkd;&vcpm;rsm;aiGpkaiGacs;wGif pma&;/
pm&if;udkif/ txufwef;pma&;/ refae*sm/ 1983 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&SS@ae/ xkdrS A[dkw&m;±Hk;a&S@aetjzpf
vkyfudkifcJhonf?
52? odEDM+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pdkif;xGef;vl/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGH@csKyf?
OD;pdkif;xGef;vlonf odEDM+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGH@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

odEMD+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armif}uD;/ trd a':a¶$cifwdk@rS 1946 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;pdkif;xGef;vlonf
odEMD+rdK@uGefAifhESifh tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif (9)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1975
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ckESpftxd udk,fydkifum;vkyfief;/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd +rdK@e,for0g,rESifh ¶Srf;jynfajrmufydkif;or0g
,rtoif;pk tvkyftr_aqmif/ xdk@aemuf udk,fydkifwGifcHkESifhoH*a[qufvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf?
53? oDayg+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
cGefxGef;OD;/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
cGefxGef;OD;onf oDayg+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cJh&onf? OD;p0f=umZHk.om;jzpfonf? 1943 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (11)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? cGefxGef;OD;onf
1964 ckESpfwGif awmif}uD;+rdK@/ uarBmZaumvdyfrS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1965 ckESpfwGif &efukef
wuUodkvfodk@wufa&mufI Oya'bmom&yfudk 'kwd,ESpftxdoif=um;cJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpf
txd tif'dkeD;¶Sm;oH¶Hk; ppfoHrª;.udk,fa&;t&m¶Sd/ 1984 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHwumowif;pmjzef@csda&;ukr`%D/ *syef
Overseas Courier Service (tdkpDtufpf). owif;pmjzef@csda&;udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? &Srf;
wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf(A[dk) OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶Gufonf? 2002 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23)
&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD(pDtm&fyDyD)wdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf.udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf yg0ifcJhonf?
54? oDayg+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;pdkif;atmifoef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pdkif;atmifoef;onf oDayg+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

pm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(3826)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(45²48)jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? ausmufrJ+rdK@e,f/ rkdif;vHkZmwdjzpfonf? 1951 ckESpfzGm;jzpfonf? OD;vS'if.om;jzpfonf? OD;pkdif;atmif
oef;onf 1977 ckESpfwGif &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfrS tif*sifeD,m(+rdK@jy)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif
a':eef;cifjrifh(txufwef;jy)ESifh vufxyfcJhonf? 1979-80 ckESpfwGif oDayg+rdK@wGif aqmufvkyfa&; tvkyf
oiftif*sifeD,m 1981 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd oDayg+rdK@e,faumifpD0if/ 1996 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (1)&ufae@wGif
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGufcJhonf?
55? [dkyHk;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;pHvS/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pHvSonf [dkyHk;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(7163)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²66)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? [dkyHk;
+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (4)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;ukrRm.om;jzpfonf? OD;pHvSonf
owWrwef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1973 ckESpfESifh 1974 ckESprf sm;wGif [dkyHk;+rdK@/
+rdK@OD;uGufopf &yfuGufvHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwD twGif;a&;rª;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd
+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0if/ OuUX/ jynfaxmifpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf(A[dk)wGif
tvkyftr_aqmiftjzpf wm 0ef,lcJhonf?
- 284 -
56? [dkyef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
OD;cGefxGef;vl/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD?
OD;cGefxGef;vlonf [dkyef+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? OD;cGefxGef;vltay: ¶_H;edrfhol ‘0’trsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;
wufa&;ygwDrS OD;apmzD;vpf(c)OD;zD;vpfqrfrS uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;cJhojzifh a¶G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@trSwf(4)wGif
=um;emppfaq;r_ cHcJh&onf?
(14) {&m0wDwdkif;?
taemufbufESifh taemufajrmufbufwdk@wGif b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfESifh &cdkifjynfe,f/ ajrmufbuf

ESifh ta¶S@bufwdk@wGif yJcl;wdkif;/ ta¶S@bufwGif &efukefwdkif;ESifh awmifbufwGif uy`vDyifv,fjyifwdk@ wnf¶Sd
onf?
{&m0wDwdkif;wGif +rdK@e,f(26)+rdK@e,f¶Sd rJqENe,f(51)e,fY EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk,fpm;jyK

,SOf+ydKifolv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(199)OD;/ woD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;(5)OD;/ pkpk
aygif;(204)OD;0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh=u&m trsdK;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS(48)ae&m/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwf
a&;ygwDrS(2) ae&mESifhwoD;yk*~v(1)ae&m toD;oD;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh=u&onf?
1? usdKufvwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;oef;wif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;oef;wifonf usdKufvwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? tz OD;xGm;/ trd a':rr}uD;wkd@rS 1929 ckESpf/ arv (31)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? t*Fyl+rdK@e,f
xef;yifukef;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;oef;wifonf xef;yifukef;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ [oFmw+rdK@trsKd;om;
txufwef;ausmif;/ &efukeftvGwfynmoifausmif;wkd@wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1955
ckESpfrS 1957 ckESpftxd pmayAdrmef pma&;0efxrf;/ 1958 ckESpfrSpI usdKufvwf+rdK@wGif ukefonfvkyfief;vkyf
udkifcJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd xef;yifukef;wGif tm&Svli,ftzJG@0iftjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf?
usKdufvwf+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
2? usdKufvwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;wif0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wif0if;onf usdKufvwf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSw(f 2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

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onf? tz OD;omarmif/ trd a':jrodef;wdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf?
usdKufvwf+rdK@e,f/ uefausmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;wif0if;onf ykÀrDtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif; (awmif
OuUvmy)/ usdKufvwf+rdK@tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ usdKufvwf+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@
wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;
wGif +rdK@e,ftvkyform;or*~ tvkyftr_aqmiftjzpfyg0ifcJhonf? 1999 ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGifusif;y
jyKvkyfcJhonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1999
ckESpf/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf/ 040§pnf;(pnf;¶Hk;)§99 jzifh OD;wif0if;tm; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyftm; vHk;0udk,fpm;rjyKawmhonfh udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif; xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/
arv (17)&ufae@wGif jyefvnfusif;ycJhonfh etz. trsdK;om;nDvmcHodk@ woD;yk*~vtjzpf a¶G;aumufyGJ
wGifa¶G;cs,fcHxm;&aom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJ@wGif wufa&mufcJhonf?
3? ausmif;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;apmvGif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;apmvGifonf ausmif;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? ausmif;ukef;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ndK}uD;/ trd a':ndef;wdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (10)&uf
ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;apmvGifonf rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef;ynmrsm;udk [oFmw+rdK@wGif
oif,lcJh+yD; 1983 ckESpfwGif ordkif;t"dujzifh 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ynma&;XmewGif 1979 ckESpfrSpI tr_xrf;cJh
onf?
4? ausmif;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmvS0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmvS0if;onf ausmif;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? OD;omcif.om;jzpfonf? 1955 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (15)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? a'gufwmvS0if;onf
1967-68 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;ynmudk tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ 'g;uaus;&Gm/ ykodrfta&S@ajrmuf+rdK@
e,fwGif oif=um;cJhI 1971-72 ckESpfwGif txufwef;ynmudk ocsFm/ "mwk/ ±ly *k%fxl;wkd@jzihf ykodrf+rdK@/
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rSatmifjrifcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd oGm;bufqkdif&maq;wuUodkvf
wGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1979 ckESpfwGif oGm;bufqkdif&mq&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd
oGm;bufqkdif&mq&m0eftjzpf ausmif;ukef;+rdK@e,f/ +rdK@e,fjynfol@aq;±HkwGiftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1989 ckESpf
Zefe0g&DvwGif wm0efrStem;,lcJhonf?
5? usHKaysmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;ref;a*smfeD/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
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OD;ref;a*smfeDonf usHKaysmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;
jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifdvHkrJ(31731)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²93)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&
onf? tz OD;ausmfOD;/ trd a':ajcmufwkd@rS 1942 ckEpS f/ Zefe0g&Dv (31)&ufae@wiG farG;zGm;cJhonf? ykodrf
ta&S@ydkif;/ qifacgif;}uD;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;ref;a*smfeDonf ykodrf+rdK@/ pde@f *sdK;ZufuGef@Aifhausmif;/ umwkdvdyf
a,musFm;uav;rsm;A[dkfausmif;/ r&rf;acsmif;&Gm/ ykodrf+rdK@wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh&mrS wuUodkvf0if
wef;udk 1960 jynfhESpfwGifvnf;aumif;/ wuUodkvfynmudk ykodfrfOypmaumvdyfwGifvnf;aumif;oif=um;
cJhonf? 1965 ckESpfwGif rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1967 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1980 jynfhESpf
wGif ynma&;wuUodkvf/ &efukefrS ynma&;'Dyvkdrm&¶SdcJhI txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf &mxl;wkd;jr‡ifhcH&onf?
1982 ckESpfwGif vufaxmuf+rdK@e,fynma&;r–;tjzpf &mxl;wkd;jr‡ifhcHcJh&+yD;/ 1986 ckESpfwGif emrusef;yifpif
jzifh t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?
6? usKHaysmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;wif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifonf usHKaysmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifdvHkrJ(30816)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(68²59)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf?
OD;bausmf.om;jzpfonf? 1917 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&v D (3)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;wifonf ausmif;om;
oydwfwGifvnf;aumif;/ ausmif;&JwyfzGJ@wGifvnf;aumif; acgif;aqmiftjzpfyg0ifcJhonf? 1937 ckESpfwGif
(10)wef;ausmif;om;b0jzihf trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;rSxGufI rEWav; t*FvdyfppfwyfwGif0ifa&mufcJh
onf? usef;rma&;raumif;I t=uyfb0jzihfxGufcJh&onf? vGwfvyfa&;}udK;yrf;r_wGif acwf(3)acwfpvHk;
tm&Svli,fpnf;±Hk;a&;acgif;aqmif/ jynfol&JabmfwyfzJG@ 'kwd,ppfacgif;aqmif/ z-q-y-v tzJG@ +rdK@e,f
'kwd,OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJh&m vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if('kwd,qifh)&¶SdcJhonf? 1951 ckESpfrS 1957 ckESpf
txd jynfol@v$wfawmfwGifvnf;aumif;/ 1957 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd vlrsKd;pkv$wfawmfwGifvnf;aumif;/
yg0ifaqmif&GufcJh+yD; t+rJwrf;b¾ma&;aumfrwD0if/ Oya'jyKaumfrwD0iftjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1958
ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd usHKaysmf+rdK@ jrLeDpDy,fOuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf?
7? =uHcif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f?
a'gufwm&Jjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwm&Jjrifhonf }uHcif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0if

a&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(27147)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²13)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1954
ckESpf/ {+yDv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? &efukefZmwdjzpfonf? OD;tkef;cif.om;jzpfonf? a'gufwm&Jjrifhonf
[oFmw+rdK@ uGefAifhausmif;/ awmif}uD;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ r*Fvmawmif!Gef@ tpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(5)wkd@wGif q,fwef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1979 ckESpfwGif aq;
wuUodkvf(1)&efukefrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1982 ckESpfrS 1985 ckESpftxd csif;jynfe,f/ wD;wdefjynfol@
aq;±Hk vufaxmufq&m0ef/ 1985 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd yJcl;wkdif;/ yef;awmif;+rdK@e,f/ xHk;bkdwdkufe,f
aq;±Hk wkdufe,fq&m0ef/ 1989 ckESpf/ {+yDv (10)&ufae@wGif usef;rma&;0ef}uD;Xme usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme.
trdef@a=umfjimpmt& tvkyfrSxkwfy,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;
- 287 -
aumfr¶SifrS 1998 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(1417)jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufa=umif;a=unmcJhonf?
8? iykawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;a';ApfvSjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;a';ApfvSjrifhonf iykawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? tz OD;vSjrifh/ trd a':[efaX;wdk@rS 1959 ckESpf/ arv (13)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ykodrf+rdK@Zmwdjzpf
onf? OD;a';ApfvSjrifhonf ykkodrftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(6)rS q,fweff;atmifjrifI ykodrf'D*&D
aumvdyfrS ocsFmt"dujzihfody`HbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd iykawm+rdK@e,ftwGif;&Sd
wGJzuftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif wGJzufq&mtjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyf {&m0wDwkdif;pnf;(ykodrf+rdK@e,fpk)wm0efcHtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? ,if;tm; oufqkdif&mw&m;±Hk;u
EkdifiHawmftvHOya' yk'fr(6) t& jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifcJhI a&G;aumufyJG yk'fr (11)/ yk'frcJG (n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzihf
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufvdkufa=umif; 1991 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (16)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk
'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcsuftrSwf(958)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? aemif
(10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfrnfh a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf?
9? iykawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmppfwif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmppfwifonf iykawm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(32293)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(67²47)jzifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf
jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1960 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (5)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? usKHul;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;jrifhaqG.om;
jzpfonf? a'gufwmppfwifonf 1984 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(2)rS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfwGif
ykodrfjynfol@aq;±Hk}uD;wGif tvkyfoifq&m0ef/ 1986 ckESpfrSpI udk,fydkifaq;ukcef;zGifhcJhonf? iykawm+rdK@
e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1996 ckESpf/ ZGefv (9)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk
'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS E_wfxGuf
a=umif;a=unmcJhonf?
10? ZvGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;ausmfjrifhonf ZvGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

tz ociftkef;qkdif/ trd a':cifa&$wkd@rS 1943 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (30)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ZvGef+rdK@e,f/
a&abmfaomifaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;ausmfjrifhonf tajccHynmtxufwef;udk 1961 ckESpfwGif
tazsmuftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ ysOf;rem;pdkufysKd;a&;ody`HrS pdkufysdK;a&;'Dyvkdrmudk 1969
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ckESpfwGif&¶SdcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif a':ESif;EG,fESifhvufxyfcJhonf? rdom;pkESifhtwl +cHvkyfief;jzihftouf
arG;onf?
11? ZvGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
Adkvfrª;}uD;=unf0if;(t+idrf;pm;)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
Adkvfr–;}uD;=unf0if;(t+idrf;pm;)onf ZvGef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@

csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(27558)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(70²83)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? jrif;+cH+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armif/ trd a':ykwdk@rS 1919 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (1)&ufae@
wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? i,femrnff armif}uD;aiGjzpfonf? Adkvfr–;}uD;}unf0if;(t+idrf;pm;)onf jrif;+cH+rdK@tpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHkwGif jrif;+cHc±dkifvHk;qdkif&mausmif;
om;rsm;or*~zJG@pnf;aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1940 jynfhESpf t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;wGif anmifOD;ajratmuf
awmfvSefa&;acgif;aqmif/ ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtkdifat) AdkvfcsKyfuav;aZ,s(&JabmfoHk;usdyf0if).
¶Hk;tzGJ@0if/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat) *syefppfwuUodkvftrSwfpOf(1)qif;/ wyf&if;(6) 'kwd,Akdvf/
1943 ckESpfwGif ppfaoemywdcsKyfAkdvfr–;}uD;ae0if;. udk,f&HawmfAdkvf/ 1944 ckESpfwGif ajrmufydkif;wkdif;ppf
XmecsKyf wdkif;r–;/ Adkvfr–;}uD;Axl;ESifhyl;wGJwm0ef/ 1945 ckESpf/ *syefzufqpfawmfvSefa&;wGif jrpf0u|ef;ay:
wkdif;(2)/ AkdvfcsKyfae0if;vufatmuf&Sd wyf&if;(83) wyf&if;r–;/ 1945-46 ckESpfwGif uef'DpmcsKyft& Armh
aoewfudkifwyf&if;(5)wGif/ udk,fykdiftrSwf(=unf;-3572) 'kwd,Akdvf/ 1947-48 ckESpfwGif uavm+rdK@
(bDatpDtufpf)wyfwGifvnf;aumif;/ 1949 ckESpfwGif t*FvefEkdifiH ppfausmif;wufcJh&mrS ppf±Hk;csKyfujyefac:
I wydkif;wpESifhjyefcJh&onf? ppf±Hk;csKyfwGif ppfOD;pD;('kwd,wef;)tjzpfjzifhvnf;aumif;/ &efukefòrd@ Inner
Defence wm0efukd AkdvfcsKyfae0if;uay;tyfcJhonf? 1950 jynfhESpfwGif oeu(4) wyf&if;r–;/ 1952 ckESpfwGif
wyfr[m(8) ykodrf/ wyfr[mr–;/ 1953 ckESpfwGif Australia Staff College wufcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrS 1958
ckESpftxd wyfr[m(10)(acsmuf) wyfr[mr–;/ 1959-60 ckESpf/ AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;.tdrfapmifhtpdk;&vuf
xufwGif ajraus;&Sif;ESifhv,f,mopfawm 'kwd,OuUX('kwd,0ef}uD;tqifh)/ 1961 ckESpfwGif wyfr[m(7)
jrpf}uD;em;/ wyfr[mr–;/ bbppfqifa&;wm0efcH/ wyfr[m(7)wGif wyfr[mr–;wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf
1960 jynfhESpf/ ygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJwGif bufvkdufcJha=umif;pdppfawG@&Sd&I &mxl;cef@xm;a&;tzJG@tpnf;
ta0;rS wyfrawmfwGifppfr_xrf;jcif;rSt+idrf;pm;,lcGifhjyKcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfwGif wyfrawmfrS &yfpJtrdef@xkwf
jyefcJh+yD; 1961 ckESpfrSpI ppfOD;pD;wuUokfdvfokd@ ajymif;a&$@tiftm;jyxm;cH&onf? 1961 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv/
(11)&ufae@wGif ,if;.jyefwrf;0iftvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk jyefvnftyfESHcGifhðyapcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988
ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wyfr–;a[mif;(15)OD;taejzifhyg0ifcJhonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;
rsm;tzGJ@ESifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dkOD;pD;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1995 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (11)
&ufae@wGifuG,fvGefonf?
12? anmifwkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;atmif}udKif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmif}udKifonf anmifwkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

jcif;cHcJh&onf? "EkjzL+rdK@e,f/ ESJ}uD;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;barmif/ trd a':pdefykwdk@rS 1936 ckESpf/ 'DZifbm
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v (3)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;atmif}udKifonf ESJ}uD;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ r*Fvmawmif!Gef@
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvf/ &efukefynma&;wuUodkvfwkd@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh
&m bDattD;'D/ bDtD;'DbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1957 ckESprf S 1963 ckESpftxd "EkjzL+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;
txufwef;jy/ 1963 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd anmifwkef;/ ZvGef tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif; ausmif;tkyf}uD;/
1976 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd xm;0,f/ tkdifojyK tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ 1983 ckESpfrS
1989 ckESpftxd u0/ ausmuf}uD;/ anmifwkef; +rdK@e,fynma&;r–;/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@
'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif 'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzJG@ em,u/ bJG@&vli,frsm; em,u/ Xmeaygif;pHk
0efxrf;rsm;or*~ OuUX/ anmifwkef;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
13? anmifwkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;ompdk;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ompdk;onf anmifwkef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? tz OD;a&$OD;/ trd a':apmwifwkd@rS 1943 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (22)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? anmifwkef;
+rdK@e,f/ yJ±Hkqdyf&GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;ompdk;onf yJ±kqH dyftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ anmifwkef;+rdK@tpdk;&txuf
wef;ausmif;/ &efukefwuUodkvfESifh vkyfom;rsm;aumvdyfwkd@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh&m 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1960
jynfhESpfrS 1961 ckESpftxd anmifwkef;txufwef;ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ OuUX/ 1964 ckESpfwGif &efukef
wuUodkvf anmifwkef;ausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;toif; twGif;a&;r–;/ 1968 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd
tv,fwef;jyq&m tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;trSwf(1) anmifwkef;/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd udk,fykdif
enf;jyq&m/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif 'Drdkua&pDwdkufyGJaumfrwD
OuUX/ bJG@&ESifhausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;toif; OuUX/ anmifwkef;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX
14? a';'&J+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmrsdK;!Gef@/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmrsKd;!Gef@onf a';'&J+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? 14-7-1953 zGm;/ tz OD;bcspf/ trd a':usifjrwkd@rS 1953 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (14)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJh
onf? a';'&J+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;rsKd;!Gef@onf OD;tkef;!Gef@tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;(a';'&J)/ a';'&J+rdK@tpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)/ aq;wuUokdvf(2)/ &efukefwkd@wGif q&m0efbJG@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJh
onf? 1979 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd a';'&J+rdK@e,for0g,raq;cef;/ 1979 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd “rsKd;”
udk,fykdifaq;ukcef;/ a';'&J+rdK@/ 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;umvwGif
jrefrmEdkifiHq&m0efrsm;toif;.xkwfjyefa=unmcsufudk òrd@e,ftwGif;&Sdq&m0efrsm;tm;vHk; yl;wGJaxmufcH
&mwGifyg0ifcJhonf? rvkdvm;tyfaomt=urf;zufr_rsm;rjzpfyGm;apa&;twGuf vlxktpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif
a[majymcJhonf? a';'&J+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwDtzJG@0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJh
onf? udk,fydkifaq;cef;zGifhI a';'&J+rdK@wGifaexkdifonf? 1996 ckESpfwGif w&m;0ifrSwfyHkwifjzifh 'DCm,kaq;0g;
xkwfvkyaf &;vkyfief;vkyfudkifonfudk 1992 ckESpf/ trsdK;om;aq;0g;Oya'yk'fr 19 (u)t& w&m;pGJqdk+yD;
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tvkyfESifhaxmif'%f(7)ESpf jypf'%fcsrSwfcJhonf? a'gufwmrsdK;nGef@rSm trdef@a}ujimpm trSwf(2§93)
tydk'fcGJ(1)t& ,m,DrSwfyHkwifvufrSwfav#mufxm;jyD;jcif;/ tydk'fcGJ(4)wGif “tydk'fcGJ(1)ygvkyfief;&yfudk
vuf&dSvkyfudkifaeolrsm;onf ,m,DrSwfyHkwifav#mufxm;aepOftwGif;/ rdrdvkyfief;udk qufvufvkyfudkifcGifh
&dSonf”[k jyXmef;xm;jcif;wdk@&dSygvsuf 1992 ckESpf/ trsdK;om;aq;0g;tufOya' yk'fr 19 (u)t& tvkyfESifh
axmif'%f(7)ESpf jypf'%fcsrSwfcJhjcif;jzpfonf//
15? a';'&J+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;oef;xGef;onf a';'&J+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? a';'&J+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oufESif;/ trd a':wifvSwkd@rS 1949 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (15)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;oef;xGef;onf a';'&J+rdK@ OD;tkef;!Gef@tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ a';'&J+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;/ &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUokdvfwdk@wGif ody`H(±lyaA')bGJ@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1975 ckESpf
rS 1984 ckESpftxd &wemvkyfief; &efukef+rdK@/ 1984 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd udk,fykdifaq;cef; &efukef+rdK@/
1987 ckESpfwGif blrdvufaxmuftjzpf taemuf*smreD 'dkif;em;wpfukr`%DwGif oGm;a&mufvkyfudkifcJhonf?
b,f*sD,H/ jyifopf/ t*Fvef/ ta&S@*smr%/D tdENd,/ xkdif;puFmylEdkifiHrsm;wGif oGm;a&mufavhvmcJhonf?
1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfo@l 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif ryg0ifaomfvnf; 1969 ckESpf/ u|ef;qG,f
ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;wGifyg0ifv_yf&Sm;r_a=umifh (1)ESpfESifh(8)v zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? a';'&J+rdK@
e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;/ tzJG@acgif;aqmif/ wkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0efwkd@,lcJhonf? 1999
ckESpf/ ZGefv (11)&ufae@wGifusif;yjyKvkyfcJhonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@.
tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& 1999 ckEpS f/ ZGefv (14)&ufae@ &ufpGJygpmtrSwf/ 040§pnf;(pnf;¶Hk;)§99 jzifh
OD;oef;xGef;tm; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; vHk;0udk,fpm;rjyKawmhonfh udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif;
xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ arv (17)&ufae@wGifjyefvnfusif;ycJhonfh etz. trsdK;om;nDvmcH
odk@ woD;yk*~vtjzpf a¶G;aumufyGJwGifa¶G;cs,fcHxm;&aom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJ@wGif wufa&mufcJh
onf?
16? "EkjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;0if;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;0if;jrifhonf "EkjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

"EkjzL+rdK@e,f/ anmifausmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;usif/ trd a':oef;wkd@rS 1951 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbm
v (8)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;0if;jrifhonf anmifausmif;aus;&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ "EkjzL+rdK@
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ ykodrf+rdK@wGif tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(6)wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD;
1974 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUokdvfrS ody`H(blrdaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1981 ckESpfwGif txufwef;
a&S@aepmar;yGJudkvnf;aumif;/ 1985 ckESpfwGif rSwfyHkwifa&S@aeoifwef;udkvnf;aumif; ajzqdkatmifjrifcJh
onf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? "EkjzL+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif jyef=um;a&;r–;tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf?
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17? "EkjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;aomif;&D/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;aomif;&Donf "EkjzL+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

"EkjzL+rdK@/ (10)&yfuGufZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aiGqif/ trd a':apmvSwdk@rS 1945 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (10)
&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;aomif;&Donf "EkjzL+rdK@wGif (10)wef;atmifjrifcJh+yD;aemuf &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`H
wuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(Oya')/ Oya'0dZ…mbJG@wkd@udk&¶SdcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1974 ckESpftxd yyu pma&;("EkjzL+rdK@)/
1985 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD ygwDpdwfr–; (10)&yfuGuf/ "EkjzL+rdK@? "EkjzL+rdK@/ wif;epftoif;ESihf
aoewfypftoif;/ a*gyutzJG@wkd@wGif OuUX/ twGif;a&;r–;/ w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@aetjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? "EkjzL
+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ 'kwd,OuUX tjzpf 1989 ckESpfrS 1997 ckESpf
txd aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1997 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (21)&ufae@wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf tzGJ@0iftjzpfrS
vnf;aumif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSvnf;aumif; EkwfxGucf Jh+yD; ppftkyfpktvdkusaqmif;yg;
rsm;udk ppftpdk;&ydkifowif;pmrsm;wGif ‘OD;aomif;&D(w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@ae)/ NLD "EkjzLa¶G;cs,fcHudk,fpm;vS,f
(EkwfxGuf)’uavmiftrnfjzifh a&;om;cJhonf?
18? ykodrftaemuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;wifacsm/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifacsmonf ykodrftaemuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? tz OD;ESpf/ trd a':jrpfwdk@rS 1935 ckESpf/ arv (10)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a&=unf+rdK@Zmwdjzpf
onf? OD;wifacsmonf a&=unftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1964 ckESpfwGif
ynma&;wuUokdvfrS 0dZ…m(ynma&;)bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1964 ckESpfwGif omaygif;+rdK@e,f/ pufa'gifh}uD;aus;&Gm
tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif; ausmif;tkyf}uD;/ 1982 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd weoFm&DESihf ykodrftaemuf+rdK@
e,fwkd@wGif +rdK@e,fynma&;r–;/ 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (18)&ufae@wGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?
19? ykodrftaemuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;ausmfrif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ausmfrif;onf ykodrftaemuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

jcif;cHcJh&onf? tz 0ÀausmfxifOD;bausmf(1920 ausmif;om;oydwfacgif;aqmif/ tpdk;&yHkESdyfwdkuf!¸ef
=um;a&;0ef)/ trd a':at;=unfwdk@rS 1933 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmfrif;
onf i,fpOfu usKHaysmf+rdK@ESifh &efukef+rdK@wdk@wGifynmoif=um;+yD;/ 1949 ckESpfwGif wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmif
jrifcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUokdvfY wwd,ESpftif*sifeD,moifwef;wufa&mufaepOf tar&d
uefjynfaxmifpk/ rufqmcsL;quf jynfe,fpufr_wuUodkvfodk@ ynmawmfoifoGm;a&mufcJh+yD; 1957 ckESpf
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wGif AdokumbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? &efukefwuUodkvfwGifynmoif=um;aepOf bmom&yftoD;oD;ESifh o[m,pmzwf
toif;wdk@wGif tr_aqmiftjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;or*~wGif wGJzuftwGif;a&;
rª;tjzpfaqmif¶Guf&if; 1953 ckESpf/ ausmif;om;v_yf¶Sm;r_wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1958 ckESpf rS 1960 jynfhESpftxd
&efukefwuUodkvftif*sif eD,mr[mXme/ ydokumXmewGif vufaxmufuxdu/ Xmerª;tjzpfxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;
tvkyfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfrSpI ukd,fykdifAdokumvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? jrefrmjynfhtESHtjym;¶Sd
taqmuftODrsm; aqmufvkyf+yD;pD;cJh+yD; +rdK@¶Gmpnfyifa&;/ Adokumynmjyef@yGm;a&;wdk@udk tpOfwpdkuf
aqmif¶GufcJhonf? q&m}uD;ocifudk,fawmfr_dif;*lAdrmefukd udk,fwdkifyHkpHa&;qGJ+yD; }uD;=uyfaqmufvkyfcJhonf?
*lAdrmefapmifha¶Smufa&;tzGJ@wGif t}uHay;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;.ZeD; a':cif=unf.
psmyeA[dkaumfrwD0iftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ *loGif;o+*õK[fa&;qyfaumfrwDwGifvnf;aumif;/ *lAdrmefwnf
aqmuf&mwGif udk,fwdkifyHkpHa&;qGJ}uD;=uyfaqmufvkyfcJhonf? *lAdrmef}uD;=uyfapmifha¶Smufa&;tzGJ@wGifvnf;
t}uHay;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[kdOD;pD;tzJG@0if/ A[kdtvkyftr_aqmiftzJG@0if/
jyef=um;a&;ESihf &Srf;jynfe,f pnf;±Hk;qufoG,fa&;tzJG@0if wm0efwdk@udkxrf;aqmifcJhonf? OD;ausmfrif;onf
*ENDqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; e0w u v$wfawmfac:ray;v#if aqmif&Gufzkd@vdkonfhenf;vrf;oHk; oG,fpmwrf;ðypk
&mwGif twGif;ususyg0ifcJhojzifh 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya'yk'fr 5 (u) (c) (n) t& jypfr_
xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 11 (n) ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpf
rSy,fzsufa=umif; aumfr&Sifu 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf (984)jzifh
a=unmcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpftwGif; jyKvkyfrnfha¶G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwfyifcJhonf?
e0w ppftkyfpk.zdtm;ay;r_a=umifh 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (24)&ufae@wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS
xkwfy,fay;cJh&onf? 1992 ckESpf/ arv (20)&ufae@wGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifrSjyefvGwfonf? 1999 ckESpf/
Zlvdkifv (1)&ufae@wGif &efukef jynfol@aq;¶Hk}uD;Y tonf;a&m*gjzifh uG,fvGefonf?
OD;ausmfrif; (Adokum)
B.Arch. M.I.T. (A.I.I.A.)
touf (66)ESpf
&efukef+rdK@ae (OD;bausmf)-(a':at;=unf)wdk@.om;}uD;/ yJcl;+rdK@ae (OD;oif;armif)-a':apm&Dwdk@.
om;oruf/ &efukef+rdK@ trSwf(60)/ a&ausmfvrf;/ ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,fae a':0if;jrifhjrifh (0if;0if; 217/ bD¶Hk/
odrf}uD;aps;).cifyGef;/ udkausmfrif;atmif-rndKrm0if;/ udk+zdK;a0rif; (+zdK;ausmf/ r*Fvmaps;)-rat;at;atmif/
udkpdk;jrifhaZmfwdk@.zcif/ armifydkif+zdK;cef@ (tru-12/ awmif§!Gef@)/ rtO…vDrif;/ armifcef@xufaZmfwdk@.tbdk;
OD;ausmfrif;onf 1-7-99 &uf (=umoyaw;ae@) nae 5;30 em&DwGif &efukefjynfol@aq;¶Hk}uD;Y uG,fvGef
oGm;ygojzifh 3-7-99 &uf (paeae@) eHeuf 11 em&DwGif a&a0;tat;wdkufrS a&a0;okomefodk@ ydk@aqmif
o+*õK[frnfjzpfyga=umif;?
usef&pfolrdom;pk
20? ykodrfta&S@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;!Gef@v_dif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;!Gef@vd_ifonf ykodrfta&S@+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? 1945 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;oef;armif.om;jzpfonf? OD;!Gef@v_difonf 1964-
65 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUokdvf(1) Oypmwef;tqifhwufaepOf qkdAD,ufjynfaxmifpkodk@ EkdifiHjcm;ynmawmf
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oiftjzpfoGm;a&muf&ef a&G;cs,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1966 ckESpfrS 1971 ckESpftxd tufpfx&mcefig;ynm
wuUodkvfwGifynmoif=um;cJh+yD; M. Sc. (Fishery) ig;ynmr[mody`HbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpf
txd ig;vkyfief;Xme +rdK@e,fOD;pD;r–;(rEWav;)/ rEWav;wuUokdvf owWaA'Xme tcsdefykdif;uxdu (yl;wGJ
wm0ef)/ +rdK@e,fOD;pD;r–; anmifa&$/ rauG;ESifh ysOfrem;/ wkdif;OD;pD;r–; {&m0wDwdkif;(ykodrf)/ 1987 ckESpfwGif
ukvor*~pm;eyf&duQmESifhpdkufysdK;a&;tzJG@tpnf;ta0;odk@ v,f,mESifhopfawm0ef}uD;ESifhtwl jrefrmudk,f
pm;vS,ftzGJ@0if/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHk}uD;umvwGif {&m0wDwkdif;vHk;qdkif&m
0efxrf;rsm;ESifhtvkyform;or*~ OuUX/ 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (13)&ufae@wGif zrf;qD;ta&;,ljcif;cHcJh&
onf? 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (14)&ufae@wGif tvkyfwm0efrS&yfqdkif;+yD; yifpifay;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
21? ykodrfta&S@+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;vS=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vS=unfonf ykodrfta&S@+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? ykodrf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;oufxGef;/ trd a':apmwkd@rS 1944 ckESpfwGiaf rG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vS=unf
onf ajrmif;jr/ r&rf;ukef;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;trSwf(5)/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ ESpfjcif;c&pf
,mefausmif;wdk@wGifwuUodkvf0ifwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? ajrmif;jrausmif;om;rsm;or*~acgif;aqmif
jzpfcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif OD;wifOD;.vHk+cHKa&; tzJG@0if/
1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (14)&ufae@wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf {&m0wDwdkif; ±Hk;tzJG@0if/ 1988
ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (20)&ufae@wGif wdkif;pnf;±Hk;a&;r–;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX OD;wifOD; .
{&m0wD/ &ckdifESifhyJcl;wkdif;c&D;pOfwdk@wGifvnf;aumif;/ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–;a':atmifqef;pk=unf. {&m
0wDc&D;pOfwGifvnf;aumif; vdkufygcJhonf? ESpf}udrfzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cH&+yD;/ 1989 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (30)
&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wdkif;pnf;r–;wm0efESifh b¾ma&;wm0efwdk@,lcJhonf?
22? yef;waemf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
a'gufwmwifrif;xGÉf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmwifrif;xGÉfonf yef;waemf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

tm; udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(21160)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(57²02)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? a0g+rdK@e,f/ anmifcg;&Snf&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;=unf/ trd a':wifwifwdk@rS
1952 ckESpf/ arv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmwifrif;xGËfonf anmifcg;&Snftpdk;&tv,f
wef;ausmif;/ a0g+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ yJcl;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wkd@wGif tajccH
ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; 1976 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(2)&efukefrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1976-77 ckESpfwGif
tvkyfoifq&m0ef(ajrmufOuUvmyaq;±Hk}uD;)/ 1986 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd wkdif;jynfolaumifpD0if({&m
0wDwdkif;)/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd jrefrmEdkifiHq&m0eftoif; yef;waemftwGif;a&;r–;/ 1350 jynfhESpf
(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif yef;waemf+rdK@e,f &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;aumfrwD
0iftjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? yef;waemf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif 'kwd,OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,lcJh
onf? 1997 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (19)&ufae@wGif yef;waemf+rdK@e,f&Jpcef;rª;ESifhtzGJ@rS a'gufwmwifrif;xGÉf.
aetdrfodk@0ifa&muf¶SmazGcJh+yD;/ aetdrfwGif a'gufwmwifrif;xGÉf.om;i,f aqmhupm;onfhcGufxJrS pifumyl
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EdkifiHoHk;taºuGaph(2)aphawG@¶Sdonfudk EdkifiHjcm;aiGw&m;r0ifvuf0,fxm;¶Sdr_ yk'fr(24)jzifh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifcJh
+yD; tr_qifw&m;pGJqdkI axmif'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf?
23? yef;waemf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;ref;!Gef@odef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;ref!Gef@odef;onf yef;waemf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? yef;waemf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;atmifcsif;az/ trd aomif;=unfwkd@rS 1949 ckESpf/ rwfv
(15)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ref;!Gef@odef;onf yef;waemf+rdK@/ taemuf&yftpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/
yef;waemf+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ =unfhjrifwkdiftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)wkd@wGif tajccH
ynmoif=um;cJh+yD; &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS ody`HbJG@(ocsFm)&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd
+rdK@e,fjynfol@aumifpD0if(tcsdefydkif;)/ yef;waemf+rdK@e,f/ jyvif;/ rdef;rajy;&Gm wGJzuftpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;/ tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif wGJzufausmif;q&m/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk
ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? yef;waemf+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX tjzpfwm0ef,l
cJhonf?
24? zsmyHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;aomif;wif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;aomif;wifonf zsmyHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? zsmyHk+rdK@e,f/ tvef;zvGwf&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGef;a&$/ trd a':odef;wkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ rwfv (1)
&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;aomif;wifonf tvef;zvGwf&Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ zsmyHk+rdK@ tpdk;&txuf
wef;ausmif;trSwf(1)/ pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvf(&efukef)wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1966 ckESpfwGif pdkufysKd;a&;
abm*aA'bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ jrif;uukef;ESihf tpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ zsmyHkwdk@wGif txufwef;jyq&m/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk
ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif zsmyHk wuUodkvfausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;or*~ OuUX/ zsmyHk+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv (26)&ufae@wGif OD;aomif;wifu rdrdonf
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfudkudk,fpm;ðyI v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHxm;&ol
jzpfa=umif;/ tcktcg rdrdudk,fpm;jyKxm;aom trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzJG@ESifh
{&m0wDwkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzJG@wkd@onf csrSwfxm;aom pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf; rl0g'wdk@ESifhtnD av;pm;vkdufemr_
r&Sd=uawmhbJ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf zsmyHk+rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;tzJG@tm; wzufowfzsufodrf;cJha=umif;/
,if;a=umifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf(A[dk)ESifh {&m0wDwdkif;pnf;wkd@tay:wGif av;pm;,Hk=unfr_r&Sdawmh
I aumfr&SifxH E_wfxGufcGifhawmif;cHvmo!fhtwGuf aumfr&Sifonf OD;aomif;wiftm; 1991 ckESpf/ ZGefv
(26)&ufae@rSpI E_wfxGufcGifhðyvkdufa=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
25? zsmykH+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
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OD;rif;aqG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;rif;aqGonf zsmyHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

zsmyHk+rdK@e,f/ usHKu'Gef;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;zdk;usm;/ trd a':wifOwkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ rwfv (16)&ufae@
wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;rif;aqGonf usHKu'Gef;tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ zsmyHk+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;
trSwf(1)wkd@wGif (10)wef;atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfESifh ynm
a&;wuUodkvfwdk@rS ody`HbJG@ESihf 0dZ…mynma&;bJG@wkd@&¶SdcJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1984 ckESpftxd zsmyHk+rdK@ tpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)/ ausmuf}uD;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;wkd@wGif txufwef;jyq&m/ 1977 ckESpfrS 1987 txd +rdK@e,fvrf;pOfvli,f pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;/ 1350
jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wuUodkvfausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;or*~/ zsmyHk
wGif 'kwd,OuUX tjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
1996 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (28)&ufae@wGif {&m0wDwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0ifwOD;jzpfol OD;rif;aqGESifh om;
jzpfol +rdK@e,fvli,fwm0efcH udkodef;aqGwdk@tm; 1984 ckESpf/ bmom&yfoifudk,fydkifoifwef;Oya' yk'fr 14
(c)/ 20 (u)(c)jzifhzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ oifwef;q&mrSwfyHkwifu'fjym;ESifh bmom&yfoifudk,fydkif
oifwef;rSwfyHkwifvufrSwfudkxkwfay;cJhjcif;/ 1984 ckESpf/ bmom&yfoifudk,fykdifoifwef;Oya' vkyfxHk;vkyf
enf;rsm;ESifhnDnGwfr_&dSa}umif;pDppfawG@&dS&ojzifh rSwyf HkwifcGifhjyKa}umif;ta}umif;}um;ygonf[k twdtvif;
azmfjyxm;jcif;/ 1/ 6/ 96 rS 31/ 5/ 97 txd oif}um;cGifh&dSonf[kazmfjyxm;jcif;wdk@yg&dSygvsuf OD;rif;aqGudk
1984 ckESpf/ bmom&yfoifudk,fydkifoifwef;Oya' yk'fr (22) (23) wdk@t& axmif'%f(3)ESpfESifh aiG'%f
( 30000d§-)pDudk wpfaygif;wnf;uscHap&efjypf'%fcsrSwfcJhygonf// aiG'%fraqmifojzifh axmif'%f(9)v
csrSwfcJhonf? 2000 jynfhESpf/ rwfv (14)&uf ae@wGif OD;rif;aqGESifhom;jzpfoludkrsdK;rif;aqGwdk@(2)OD;tm;
zsmyHk&Jpcef;rSvma&mufac:aqmifI jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (409)jzifh pm;azsmft&ufqdkifrS wefzdk;aiG
(70000)usyfausmfweft&ufrsm;udk OD;rif;aqGwdk@om; tzESpfOD;rSvma&muf,loGm;r_jzifh tr_qifw&m;pGJqdk
cJhonf?
26? bdkuav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;0if;}udKif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;0if;}udKifonf bkduav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? bkduav;+rdK@e,f/ urmuvlaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;ausmfpdef/ trda':=uifwifhwdk@rS 1944 ckESpf/
arv (26)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;0if;}udKifonf a':ok"rRpm&Dausmif;(bkduav;)ESifh OD;xGef;armif
ausmif;(&efukef)wkd@wGif q,fwef;atmifonftxdvnf;aumif;/ ykodrfaumvdyfESifh &efukefwuUodkvfwkd@wGif
ody`H(±lyaA')bGJ@&¶Sdonftxdvnf;aumif; ynmoif=um;cJhonf? urmuvlwdkufe,faq;±Hkaqmufvkyfa&;
tzJG@ESifh wGJzuftpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;(urmuvl)wkd@wGif OuUXtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf? yifv,fxyd f
aus;&GmwGifudk,fydkifqefpuf&Sdonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif &yfrd
&yfzwOD;tjzpfyg0ifcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&DvwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@0ifcJhonf? a'guf
wmpdef0if;OD;aqmifaom pif+ydKiftpdk;&tm;axmufcHaom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(250)wGif ryg0ifcJhaomf
vnf; *ENDa=unmpmwrf;udkvufrSwfa&;xkd;cJhonf? bkduav;+rdK@e,f wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD/
iydacsmif;aus;&GmrJ±Hkudk,fpm;vS,f OD;jr[efu ‘OD;0if;óudiftEdkif&&SdaomrJrsm;onf w&m;rJhjyKusifh&mrS&&SdcJh
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jcif;jzpfa=umif;’pGyfpGJvsuf a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;xm;I a&G;aumufyGJcHktrSwf(2)wGif =um;em
ppfaq;cJhonf? bdkuav;+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf?
27? bdkuav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmpdefjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmpdefjrifhonf bdkuav;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? tz OD;oef;xGef;(armfuGef;0ifyxrqifh)/ trd a':cifpdefwdk@rS 1955 ckESp/f {+yDv (2)&ufae@wGifarG;
zGm;cJhonf? bkduav;+rdK@e,f/ u'Hkuedaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmpdefjrifhonf q,fwef;atmifonf
txd bdkuav;+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1)wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJhI q&m0efbJG@udk aq;
wuUodkvf(1)rS 1980 jynfhESpfwGif&¶SdcJhonf? 1980-81 ckESpfwGif tvkyfoifq&m0ef/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1989
ckESpftxd udk,fydkifaq;cef;(u'Hkued/ bdkuav;) zGifhvSpfcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk
ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif rdom;pkESifhtwl &efukef+rdK@/ uefawmfuav;wGifa&mufaecdkufyg0ifcJhonf? 1989
ckESpf/ {+yDv (10)&ufae@wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfESihftzJG@ u'Hkuedaus;&Gmodk@ pnf;¶Hk;a&;c&D;vma&mufpOf
wnf;ckdjyKpkr_wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1989 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (9)&ufae@wGif EkdifiHawmftm;aESmifh,SufzsufqD;vdkol
rsm;.tEW&m,frS umuG,fapmifha&SmufonfhOya' yk'fr 10 (u) t& ykodrfaxmifYzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&
+yD; 1989 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (30)&ufae@wGijf yefvGwfonf? *ENDtpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhonf?
a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;jcif;cH&I a¶G;aumufyGJcHktzJG@(2)rS =um;emppfaq;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
28? rtlyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;cspfoef;/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD?
OD;cspfoef;onf rtlyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm;

cHcJh&onf? tz OD;wifat;/ trd a':pdefEGJ@wdk@rS 1946 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (18)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? "EkjzL
+rdK@e,f/ ESJusdK;aus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;cspfoef;onf ESJusdK;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ ZvGefaumhwyf}uD; tpdk;&
tv,fwef;ausmif;/ "EkjzLtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD;/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGif
pmay;pm,ljzifh &efukefwuUodkvfrS Oya'bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd "EkjzL+rdK@e,fygwD,lepf
aumfrwD0if/ +rdK@e,fawmifolv,form;aumifpD twGif;a&;rª;/ A[dkawmifolv,form;aumifpD0if/ tajccH
EdkifiHa&;oifwef;trSwfpOf(22)qif;/ rtlyif+rdK@e,f ygwD,lepf pnf;aumfrwD0if/ +rdK@e,fawmifolv,form;
tpnf;t¶Hk;udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
29? rtlyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;vSjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vSjrifhonf rtlyif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

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rtlyif+rdK@e,f/ oHjzLpk&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;wifh/ trdd a':yHkwkd@rS 1924 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSjrifh
onf oHjzLpk¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ ckESpftdrfwef;tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif ckESpfwef;txdynm
oif=um;cJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)/ ArmhumuG,fa&;
wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)/ ArmhrsdK;cspfwyfrawmf(yDADtufzf)wkd@wGif &Jabmf/ 'kd@Armtpnf;±Hk;0if/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1958
ckESpftxd A-w-v-p/ p-y-u-o/ wD-,l-pD-bD twGif;a&;r–;(yef;waemf)/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd
rtlyifc±dkif y-x-p twGif;a&;r–;/ 1953 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd vufaxmufc±kdif0efxrf;r–;(v,f,majr
EkdifiHydkifðyvkyfa&;) rtlyif/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1966 ckESpftxd a0,Hu|ef;bkef;}uD;ausmif; rlvwef;q&m/ 1967
ckESpfrS 1980 jynfhESpftxd ukefoG,fv,f,m0efxrf;(rtlyif)/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pD
ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif +rdK@rd/ +rdK@z (13)OD;tzJG@wGifyg0ifcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh) &¶SdcJhonf?
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf wdkif;}uD;=uyfr_acgif;aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1996 ckESpfwGif 0wW&m;aESmifh,Suf
r_jzifhw&m;pGJqdkI axmif'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf?
30? armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;vSazonf armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? tz OD;armifqkdif(¶kyf¶Sif¶Hkrefae*sm)/ trd a':tkef;oifwdk@rS 1927 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (19)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSazonf armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@ OD;armifaxG;txufwef;ausmif;ESifh +rdK@rtxufwef;ausmif;
wkd@wGif (10)wef;txfdynmoif=um;cJhonf? ausmif;om;or*~ESifh ausmif;om;oHr%dwyfzGJ@ Xmerª;/ ajrmif;jr
c¶dkif ausmif;om;or*~ tvkyftr_aqmifjzpfcJh+yD;/ ausmif;om;oydwfESifh ArmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf t*Fvdyf
e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;wdkufyGJrsm;wGif 'dk@Armtpnf;t¶Hk;/ vuf¶Hk;wyfrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1942
ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftwGif; armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@/ rD;owftpnf;t¶Hk;wGifyg0ifcJh&if; zufqpf*syefrsm;udkawmfvSef
&ef ajratmufawmfvSefa&;twGuf jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkygwD twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf?
1946 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftwGif; armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,f Armjynfqdk¶S,fvpfygwDESifh ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m
awmifolv,form;tpnf;t¶Hk; twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ ajrmif;jrc¶dkif qdk¶S,fvpfygwDESifh (z-q-
y-v)tzGJ@ twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ v,f,majrEdkifiHydkifjyKvkyfa&;0ef}uD;Xme ygvDreftwGif;0ef
tjzpfvnf;aumif;aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftwGif; {&m0wDwdkif;(z-q-y-v)tzGJ@
twGif;a&;rª;ESifh (A-w-v-p)XmecsKyf wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;(pnf;¶Hk;a&;)wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1968
ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd ydk@aqmifqufoG,fa&;0ef}uD;XmewGif !‡dE_dif;a&;t&m&Sdtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ pDrHudef;
ESifhvkyfief;aqmif¶Gufa&;OD;pD;XmewGif wdkif;OD;pD;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif; wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1986 ckESpf
wGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)/ jynfaxmifpkorRw a¶$wHqdyfqk/ EdkifiHh*k%f&nf
('kwd,qifh)wdk@&¶SdcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif vGwfvyfa&;
wdkufyGJtpOftvm¶SdcJh=uaom EdkifiHa&;&Jabmfrsm;ESifhtwl jynfolw&yfvHk;.qENjzpfonfh 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&
ay:aygufa&;twGuf a=unmcsufxkwfjyefjcif;/ ygw*D dk%f;*%uif;¶Sif;aom wckwnf;aomawmifolv,f
orm;tzGJ@ay:ayguf&ef aqG;aEG;!d‡Ed_if;+yD; (,m,D) tajccHrsm;zGJ@cJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[kd
OD;pD;tzGJ@0if/ A[kdawmifolv,form;tzJG@ twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? yJcl;wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0if
wm0ef yl;wGJaqmif¶GufcJhonf? {&m0wDwkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzJG@0ifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&uf
ae@wGif jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfwdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufae@wGifzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDwGif tzGJ@0if
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jzpfvmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGifjzpfyGm;cJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowf
jzwfr_jzpfyGm;pOf etz rS aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzpfh xdef;odrf;xm;cJh&mrS 2003 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif
jyefvGwfonf?
31? armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;wifvS/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifvSonf armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? OD;bdk;aomf.om;jzpfonf? 1936 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (4)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@
Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;wifvSonf armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif q,fwef;txdynmoif
=um;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpfwGif a':aX;aX;ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? udk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkifonf? vlr_a&;wGif
jynfvHk;csrf;om a*gyutzJG@ 'kwd,OuUX/ +rdK@r(4) or0g,r twGif;a&;r––;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf?
32? ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;atmif=uif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;atmif=uifonf ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? 1957 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (3)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? ajrmif;jr+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;armif=uif.om;jzpf
onf? OD;atmif=uifonf 1974 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;udk t*Fvdyfpm*k%fxl;jzifhatmifjrifI 1981 ckESpfwGif
ody`H(±lyaA')bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
33? ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;pdk;rif;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pkdk;rif;onf ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

1956 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (17)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;tkef;az.om;jzpfonf? OD;pkd;rif;onf 1977 ckESpfwGif
q,fwef;atmifjrifI 1980-81 ckESpfwGif ykodrfaumvdyfrS jrefrmpmt"dujzifh 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? rdb
vufikufvuf&if; jrefrmhaq;ynmjzifhtoufarG;onf? ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,f/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif
pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf?
34? jrefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;wifOD;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 299 -
OD;wifOD;onf jrefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;
onf? 1941 ckESpf/ ZGefv (1)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? [oFmw+rdK@e,f/ ydawmufukef;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf?
OD;bat;.om;jzpfonf? OD;wifOD;onf 1968 ckESpfwGif &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…mbJG@&¶SdcJhonf?
vufaxmuf+rdK@ydkifoifwef;wufcJh+yD; 1969 ckESpfwGif vufaxmuf+rdK@ydkif tifyif+rdK@e,fcJG(jrefatmif)/ 1971
ckESpfwGif 'kwd,OD;pD;r–;(jrefatmif)/ 1974 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&S@aepmar;yGJatmifjrifcJhonf? 1974 ckESpf
wGif +rdK@e,faumifpDtwGif;a&;r––;/ 1977 ckESpfwGif ygwDrSoef@pifjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1977-78 ckESpfwGif 'k±Hk;tzJG@r–;/
+rdK@e,faumifpD/ pvif;+rdK@(rauG;wkdif;)/ 1978 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? xdk@aemuf txufwef;a&S@ae
tjzpfvdkufygaqmif¶Gufonf?
35? jrefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;jrifhod%f;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;jrifhod%f;onf jrefatmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

&onf? jrefatmif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;rl/ trd a':ndKwdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (4)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;
cJhonf? OD;jrifhod%f;onf 1973 ckESpfwGif jrefatmif tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS(10)wef;atmifjrifI 1976
ckESpfwGif ykodrfaumvdyfYwwd,ESpf(ocsFm)wufaepOf rwfvausmif;om;ta&;tcif;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0if
cJhojzifh yk'fr (5)jzifh (2)ESpfzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1982 ckESpfwGif ocsFmt"dujzihfbJG@&cJhonf? usL&Sif
vkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;onf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif a&S@wef;rS
wufºuGpGmyg0ifaqmif&GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jrefatmif+rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@ OuUX tjzpf
wm0ef,lcJhonf?
2004 ckESpf/ rwfv (6)&ufae@/ eHeuf(11;00)em&DwGifuG,fvGefcJhonf? rwfv(7)&ufae@ o+*õKvf
onfhpsmyetcrf;tem;wGif }uHcif;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;&Hk;a&;tzGJ@0ifrsm;/ jref
atmif+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ +rdK@e,fESifh&yfuGufaus;&Gmpnf;&Hk;a&;tzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh yef;waemf/ usHK
aysmf+rdK@e,frsm;rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tygt0if jrefatmif+rdK@e,fjynfolvlxkoHk;aomif;cef@
u pnfum;odkuf+rdKufpGmvdkufygydk@aqmif=uonf?
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf jrefatmif+rdK@e,frS ta&G;cs,f
cH&+yD;onfhaemufydkif;wGifvnf; ygwDwm0ef/ wdkif;jynfwm0efrsm;udk wufºuGckdif}unfpGmxrf;aqmifcJholjzpf
onf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGijf zpfyGm;cJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD; vkyf}uHwdkufcdkuf owfjzwfr_
ta&;tcif;twGufvnf; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS vkyfazmfudkifbuf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;ESifhtwlyl;aygif;vsuf w&m;cHtppftrSefrsm;azmfxkwfa&;twGuf awmif;qdkcJhonf?
ZeD;jzpfolrSm 1999 ckESpfuyifuG,fvGefESifhcJh+yD;/ uG,fvGefcsdefwGif orD; roef@ZifZifodef;/ om; +zdK;
pnfol[def;ESifh om;i,f+zdK;nDolodef;wdk@oHk;OD;usef&pfcJhonf?
36? a&=unf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf (1)?
OD;!Gef@0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
- 300 -
OD;!Gef@0if;onf a&=unf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;
onf? ykodrf+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;btkef;/ trd a':xGm;wdk@rS 1939 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;!Gef@0if;
onf 0dZ…mbJG@ESifhynma&;'Dyvkdrm&¶SdcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd ykodrfaumvdyfausmif;om;
twGif;a&;r–;/ OuUX/ 1961 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jy/ txufwef;jy/ vufaxmufynma&;r–;
(ykodrfta&S@/ ykodrftaemuf/ iykawm/ o&uf/ yif;w,/ a&=unf) 1350 jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@
'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif a&=unfòrd@e,f/ +idrf;csrf;pGmvlxkqENazmfxkwfa&;aumfrwD OuUX tjzpf
aqmif&GufcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (4)&ufae@rS 1988 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (2)&ufae@txd
zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1988 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (1)&ufae@wGif vufaxmufynma&;rª;wm0efrS
t+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? {&m0wDwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1996 ckESpfwGif +rdK@
¶GmESifhtdk;tdrfzGH@+zdK;a&;OD;pD;XmerS ‚if;ESifhrdom;pkaexdkif&m ykodrf+rdK@/ jynfawmfomwdkuf/ trSwf(52)rS twif;
tusyfz,f¶Sm;cdkif;ojzifh z,f¶Sm;ay;cJh&onf?
37? a&=unf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;armifarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;armifarmifonf a&=unf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? ig;odkif;acsmif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;a&$azmh/ trd a':pdefwifhwkd@rS 1922 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (23)
&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;armifarmifonf &efukefwuUokdvfrS 0dZ…mbG@J&I 0dZ…m*k%fxl;wef;aemufqHk;ESpf
+yD;qHk;onftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? tm&Svli,f/ z-q-y-v vli,f wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–;ESifh
(wnf+rJ) z-q-y-v A[kdtvkyftr_aqmif/ 1952 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd ygvDreftwGif;0ef/ jyef=um;
a&;0ef}uD;Xme/ ygvDreftrwf(a&=unf§ig;odkif;acsmif;)/ 1968 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd tzJG@0if(yifv,ful;
oabFmESihfudk,fpm;vS,fvkyfief;)/ 'kwd,taxGaxGrefae*sm([kdw,fESihfwkd;&pf)/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/
jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? EkdifihH*k%f&nf('kwd,qifh)&onf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyf A[kdOD;pD;(ukefoG,f§pD;yGm;) acgif;aqmif wm0ef,lcJhonf? *ENDqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; e0wrS v$wfawmf
ac:ray;v#if vkyfaqmif&r!fhenf;vrf;oHk;oG,fpmwef;udk wkdifyifa&;om;ðypk&mwGifyg0ifcJhojzifh oufqkdif&m
rSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
38? vyGwWm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;=unf0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;=unf0if;onf vyGwWm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? vyGwWm+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;aomif;pdef/ trd a':usifpdefwdk@rS 1946 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;=unf0if;onf 0dZ…m(Oya')bJG@ESifh Oya'0dZ…mbJG@&w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aejzpfonf? 1988 ckESpfwGif
a':ar$;ar$;ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? vyGwWma&S@aetoif; twGif;a&;r–;/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk
ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufae@rS 1988 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv
- 301 -
(1)&ufae@txd zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? vyGwWm+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;
tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf?
39? vyGwWm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmat;=uL/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmat;=uLonf vyGwWm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

jcif;cHcJh&onf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1949 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (29)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;a&$zkef;.om;jzpf
onf? a'gufwmat;=uLonf rlvwef;ynmukd wGHaw;+rdK@wGifoif=um;cJhI wmarGtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;
trSwf(1)rS (10)wef;atmifjrif+yD; 1977 ckESpfwGif aq;wuUodkvf(1)&efukefrS q&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1980
jynfhESpfwGif a':cifcifóudifESifhvufxyfcJhonf? udk,fydkifaq;cef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkifonf? vyGwWm+rdK@e,f trsdK;
om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf?
40? av;rsufESm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;pDarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;pDarmifonf av;rsufESm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? av;rsufESm+rdK@e,f/ cHk}uD;Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armif&Sdef/ trd a':odef;wdk@rS 1947 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv
(27)&uf ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? wpfOD;wnf;aomom;jzpfonf? OD;pDarmifonf av;rsufESm+rdK@tpdk;&txuf
wef;ausmif;rS e0rwef;atmifjrifcJhI [oFmw+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJh
onf? ykodrfaumvdyfESif&efukefwuUodkvfwdk@wGif pdwfynm'kwd,ESpftxdynmoif=um;cJhonf? &efukef
wuUodkvfwGifynmoif=um;aepOf 1962 ckESpf/ Zlvdkif (7)&uf ta&;tcif;ESifhywfoufI ausmif;xkwfcHcJh&
onf? ,if;aemuf &yfuGufvHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_aumfrwDpma&;tjzpf (5)cef@0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350
jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif a':jrifhpdefESifh
vufxyfcJhonf? av;rsufESm+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf?
rEWav;+rdK@wGif pOfòydiftpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;/ awmwGif;,m,Dtpdk;&zJG@pnf;a&;wkd@ESifhywfoufI 1990 jynfhESpf/
pufwifbmvESifhatmufwkdbmvtwGif; v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;rsm;ðyvkyf&mwGifyg0ifcJha=umif; ppfaq;ay:
aygufojzifh ta&;,l&efaqmif&GufaepOf xGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifoGm;I oufqkdif&mrS w&m;cHajy;tjzpfowf
rSwfa=umif; 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (4)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJhonf? 1991 ckEpS f/ arv (16)&ufae@xkwf
vkyfom;owif;pmwGif OD;pDarmifESifhywfoufIowif;wyk'fyg&Sdonf? OD;pDarmifonf av;rsufESm+rdK@e,f/
taemuf±dk;rawmifay:&Sd 0g;awmufacsmif;teD;wGif ,m,DwJxkd;xm;+yD;ykef;atmifaepOf 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&D
v (30)&ufae@wGif iSufzsm;a&m*gjzihfaoqHk;oGm;a=umif;/ ‚if;ESifhtwlaexkdifcJh=uaom awmifuav;&Gm
om; OD;pdefarmifESifhcifarmif0if;/ rSefuef&Gmom; zdk;odef;wdk@rS oufqdkif&mokd@xkwfazmf0efcHowif;ay;=uojzihf
tcif;jzpf&modk@oGm;a&mufppfaq;&m OD;pDarmif.tavmif;udkawG@&SdcJh&onf? OD;pDarmifaoqHk;onfrSmrSefuef
a=umif; qdkif&mrStwnfjyKcJhonf? okd@jzpfI a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifrSvnf; 1991 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (30)&uf
ae@wGif OD;pDarmifuG,fvGefoGm;a=umif;ESifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&aomtrnfpm&if;rS y,fzsufa=umif;
a=unmcJhonf?
- 302 -
41? av;rsufESm+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;qef;jrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;qef;jrifhonf av;rsufESm+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? a&=unf+rdK@e,f/ tokwfZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;cspfat;/ trd a':at;wifwkd@rS 1950 jynfhESpf/ arv
(2)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;qef;jrifhonf &efukefwuUodkvfrSOya'bJG@& w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aejzpfonf? 1980
jynfhESpfwGif a':oef;oef;axG;(tkdifojyK)ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? av;rsufESm+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
wGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf?
42? 0g;c,fr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;wifatmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifatmifonf 0g;c,fr+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? 0g;c,fr+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;armifcsKd/ trd a':tkef;arwkd@rS 1944 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (22)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;wifatmifonf wm0wöom tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ 0g;c,fr+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;
wkd@wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJh+yD; &efukefwuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(Oya')bJG@ESifh Oya'0dZ…mbJG@wkd@udk 1972-73 ckESpf
wGif&¶SdcJhonf? 1974 ckESpfrSpI w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aetjzpfvdkufygaqmif&GufcJhonf?
43? 0g;c,fr+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
Adkvfrª;}uD;oufa0(t+idrf;pm;)/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD?
Adkvfrª;}uD;oufa0(t+idrf;pm;)onf 0g;c,fr+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;

nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(17893)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(43²09)jzifh
a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? &efukef+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? 1928 ckESpf/ ZGefv (3)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf?
OD;bb.om;jzpfonf? Adkvfrª;}uD;oufa0(t+idrf;pm;)onf Oypm0dZ…mtxufwef;txd &efukefwuUodkvf
wGifynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1949 ckESpfwGif t*FvefEdkifiH (MONS) Adkvfoifwef;qif; 'kwd,Adkvf/ 1952 ckESpf
wGif t*FvefwGif tajrmufwyfcGJrª;oifwef;ESifh 1955-56 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwGif wef;jrifh
tajrmufynmoifwef;wufcJhonf? 1956 ckESpfwGif tajrmufenf;jy ppfOD;pD;wuUodkvf/ 1960-61 ckESpfwGif
w¶kwf-jrefrm e,fjcm;owfrSwfa&;tzGJ@acgif;aqmif/ 1962 ckESpfrS 1970 jynfhESpftxd wyf&if;rª;/ A[dkESifh
tajrmufwyf(2)/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1966 ckESpfwGif c¶dkifvHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfra_ umfrwD OuUX vm;¶d_;/ 1971 ckESpfrS
1974 ckESpftxd w¶kwfEdkifiHjrefrmhppfoH/ 1974 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd 'kwd,!¸ef=um;a&;rª; uu(oH)/
1976 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd jrefrmaumifppf0efcsKyf a[mifaumifu|ef;/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd !¸ef
=um;a&;rª; uu(oH)/ 1986 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD A[dkaumfrwD0if (XmecsKyf/
tcsdefjynfh)/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)/ ArmhrsKd ;cspfwyfrawmf(yDbDtufzf)wGifyg0ifcJhI armfuGef;
0if('kwd,qifh)&cJhonf? aZ,sausmfxifESifh xl;c|efwHqdyf(3)ck&cJhonf?
- 303 -
44? omaygif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;vSjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;vSjrifhonf omaygif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

omaygif;+rdK@e,f/ xef;yl;rusD;ukef;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;odef;armif/ trd a':oli,frwkd@rS 1947 ckESpf/
azazmf0g&Dv (24)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSjrifhonf 0dZ…m(Oya')/ Oya'0dZ…mESifh txufwef;a&S@ae
pmar;yJGwkd@udkatmifjrifxm;onfh w&m;±Hk;csKyfa&S@aejzpfonf? 1970 jynfhESpfwGif a':ciftkef;jrifhESifhvufxyfcJh
onf? ykodrf+rdK@a&S@aersm;toif;. twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf (10)ESpfaqmif&GufcJhonf?
45? omaygif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;oef;0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;oef;0if;onf omaygif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? omaygif;+rdK@e,f/ uif;wyfaus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;[efpdef/ trd a':,Ofjrwkd@rS 1947 ckESpf/ arv
(25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;oef;0if;onf &efukef0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvfrS 1968 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…m(yx0D)
bJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd tv,fwef;jyq&m(ynma&;Xme)/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/
jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&ufae@rS 1988 ckESpf/
atmufwdkbmv (22)&ufae@txd zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1989 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@rSpI
wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;,lcGifh&cJhonf? xdk@aemuf vuform;tvkyfjzifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;cJhonf? omaygif;+rdK@
e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGifwm0ef,lcJhonf?
46? [oFmw+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;jroef;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;jroef;onf [oFmw+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;

onf? "rBDZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;odef;armif/ trd a':apmwifwkd@.om;jzpfonf? OD;jroef;onf &efukef+rdK@
pdefaygvfausmif;ESifh +rdK@rtrsKd;om;ausmif;wdk@wGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm e0rwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf?
'dk@Armtpnf;t±Hk;/ tm&Svli,f0if/ ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf
(bD'Dat)/ ArmhrsdK;cspfwyfrawmf(yDADtufzf)wkd@wGif ppfa&;/ EkdifiHa&;t&yg0ifcJhI vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if
(yxr)qifh&¶SdcJhonf? 1945 ckESpfrS 1947 ckESpftxd jynfol@&Jabmfppfacgif;aqmif/ 1948 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpf
txd z-q-y-v c±dkiftr_aqmifESihf vli,ftwGif;a&;r–;/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd wnf+rJ
z-q-y-v [oFmwajrmuf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHcJh&onf?
y-x-p ESifh r-q-v vufxuf rnfonfhtzJG@wGifrSryg0ifcJhyJ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@
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'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? [oFmw+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf +rdK@e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;
wm0ef,lcJhonf?
47? [oFmw+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmaZmfjrifh/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
a'gufwmaZmfjrifhonf [oFmw+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? armfv+rdKif+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;azwif/ trd a':=uifjrwkd@rS 1943 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (2)&uf
ae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? a'gufwmaZmfjrifhonf armfv+rdKif pdef@yx&pfausmif;/ rEWav; vzkef;ausmif;/ &efukef
rufo'pftpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;(,ck '*Hk-1)/ armfv+rdKif tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(1) wdk@wGif
tajccHynmoif=um;cJh&m wuUokdvf0ifwef;udk ±lyaA'*k%fxl;jzifhatmifjrifI xl;c|efqk&cJhonf? 1969 ckESpf
wGif oGm;bufqdkif&maq;wuUodkvfrS (bD'Dtufpf) oGm;bufqkdif&mq&m0efbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfrS
1988 ckESpftxd oGm;bufqdkfif&mq&m0ef armfv+rdKifausmif;usef;rma&;Xme/ rif;wyf(csif;jynfe,f)/
[oFmwESifh iykawm jynfol@aq;±Hk/ 1988 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (11)&ufae@wGif &mxl;rSE_wfxGufcJhonf? 1350
jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? udk,fydkiaf q;cef;zGifhvSpfvkyfudkif
onf? 1973 ckESpfwGif a':cifoef;ESifhvufxyfcJhonf? 29-9-1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (29)&ufae@wGif
tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGifjyKvkyfaom
,m,D tpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufcJhonf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;wGif 'kwd,*ENDnDvmcH
ac:,la&;/ ,m,Dtpkd;&zGJ@pnf;a&;wkd@ukdk tm;wufoa&maqG;aEG;cJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (30)
&ufae@wGif rEWav;taemufawmif+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf±Hk;wGifðyvkyfaom ,m,Dtpkd;&zJG@pnf;
a&; v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@vnf;wufa&mufcJhonf? odk@twGuf oufqkdif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&
onf? ,if;aemufa'gufwmaZmfjriffhonf jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1) t& jypf'%fpD&ifjcif;cH&I
a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 11 (n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzihf jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwD
pHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (27)&ufae@wGif a=unm
csuftrSwf(991)jzifha=unmcJhonf? aemifwGifjyKvkyfrnfha¶G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf; ydwf
yifcJhonf?
48? t*Fyl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
OD;jr0if;/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;jr0if;onf t*Fyl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

tz OD;xGef;+rdKif/ trd a':rDrDwdk@rS 1949 ckESpf/ ZGefv (9)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? t*Fyl+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf?
OD;jr0if;onf t*Fyl+rdK@e,f/ csKdukef;tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ anmifusdK;tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;/ [oFmw+rdK@
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(4)wkd@wGif (10)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? &Spfwef;ESifh ukd;wef;wdk@wGif
[oFmwc±dkifvl&nfc|eftjzpfa&G;cs,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1971-72 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;udk awmifOuUvmypmppf
XmerS oHk;bmom*k%fxl;jzifh tvGwfajzqkdatmifjrifcJhonf? xkd@aemuf aq;wuUodkvf(1)wGif wwd,ESpf
txdwufa&mufcJhonf? OD;oef@ta&;tcif;ESifhr_dif;&mjynfhta&;tcif;wGifyg0ifcJhojzifh 1976 ckESpfwGif
- 305 -
ausmif;xkwfcHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f(9)ESpfuscHcJh&onf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhtrdef@jzifh axmifrS
jyefvGwfcJhonf? 1980 jynfhESpfrSpI wGJbuftv,fwef;jy (2)ESpf/ wGJbuftxufwef;jy (2)ESpf/ usL&Sifq&m
tjzpf (2)ESpfvkyfcJhonf? pmay;pm,ljzihfwwd,ESpfajzqdkcJh&m 1983 ckESpfwGif ody`H(owWaA')bJG@&cJhonf?
1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;t+yD;wGif ygwDpHkzJG@pnf;cGifh&onfhtcg 'Drkd
ua&pDnD!Gwfa&;wyfOD;wGif wJGzuftwGif;a&;r–;/ wyfOD;zsufodrf;I 'D+idrf;ESifhaygif;+yD;aemufwGif 'Drdkua&pDESifh
+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@ A[dktwdkifyifcHaumfrwD0if/ ,if;aemuf 'D+idrf;rSxGufI trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfokd@0if
a&mufcJhonf? OD;ausmf+idrf;.orD; a'gufwma':usifusif+idrf;ESifh 1982 ckESpf/ arv (1)&ufae@wGif vufxyf
cJhonf? a'gufwmusifusif+idrf;onf jynfyodk@om;orD;(2)a,mufESifhtwl xGufcGmoGm;a&mufaexkdifcJh+yD;/
OD;jr0if;onf &efukefESifhykodrf+rdK@wkd@odk@ul;oef;+yD; ta&mif;t0,fvkyfudkifcJhonf? 1990 jy!fhESpf/ pufwifbm
vESifhatmufwdkbmvrsm;twGif; rEWav;YjyKvkyfo!fh ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ‹pnf;a&;vd_@0Suftpnf;ta0;rsm;odk‹
wufa&mufcJhojzifh 1990 jynfhESpf/ 'DZifbmv (3)&ufae‹wGif w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmcHcJh&+yD; (9)&uf
ae‹wGiftzrf;cHcJh&onf? jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1)jzifhw&m;pGJ+yD; axmif'%f(25)ESpfcsrSwfcHcJh&onf?
jypfr_qkdif&mOya' yk'fr 122 (1) t&jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 11 (n) jzifh+idpGef;
ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (12)&ufae@wGif
a=unmcsuftrSwf(985)jzifh a=unmcJhonf? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfryS ,fzsuf+yD; aemifwGifjyKvkyf
r!fha±G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkyg ydwfyifcJhonf?
49? t*Fyl+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
a'gufwmpef;atmif/ woD;yk*~v?
a'gufwmpef;atmifonf t*Fyl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif woD;yk*~vtjzpf 0ifa&muf,Sof+ydKif

cJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(24581)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(52²68)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz t+idrf;pm;
'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;baX;/ trd a':cifwkwfwdk@rS 1955 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? pwkwˆ
ajrmufom;jzpfonf? awmif}uD;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? a'gufwmpef;atmifonf &efuif;tpdk;&txufwef;
ausmif;trSwf(2)rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcJhI 1979 ckESpfwGif oGm;bufqdkif&maq;wuUodkvfrS q&m0efbGJ@&¶Sd
cJhonf? 1982 ckESpfwGif oGm;bufqdkif&mq&m0ef(iykawmaq;¶Hk)/ 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdk
ua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGifyg0ifcJh+yD;/ tvkyfrSE_wfxGufcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (21)&ufae@wGif
a=unmcsuftrSwf(913)jzifh ,if;onf rme,fyavm¶Sd jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&
tzGJ@ESifh qufoG,fcJhojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS ysufjy,fa=umif;a=unmcJhonf? trsdK;
om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif {&m0wDwdkif; pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;wm0ef,lxm;cJhaomfvnf; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@
csKyfrS ta&;ygonfhyk*~dKvfwOD;u rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@udk,fpm;jyKI t*Fyl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)
wGif 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKif&eftpDtpOf¶SdcJhojzifh woD;yk*~vtjzpf0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJhonf? a'gufwmpef;atmif
tay: a¶G;aumufyGJwGif,SOf+ydKifbufjzpfol wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDrS udk,fpm;vS,favmif;
OD;odef;xGef;rS a¶G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifoGif;cJhojzifh a¶G;aumufyGJcHktrSwf(1).=um;emppfaq;r_udkcHcJh&
onf? 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv (25)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygi;f tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyifqifwdk;
csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg ynma&;ESifhusef;rma&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;cef@tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 2000
jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (7)&ufae@wGif tdkif,mvefEdkifiH/ 'AŠvif+rdK@Y !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyefvnfjyifqif
zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg 0ef}uD;csKyf¶Hk; 0ef}uD;(ta¶S@zufa'o/ xdkif;EdkifiH)tjzpf wm0efay;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
50? tdrfrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(1)?
- 306 -
OD;wifxGwf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;wifxGwfonf tdrfrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

tdrfrJ+rdK@/ v,fay:&yfuGufZmwdjzpfonf? tz trsdK;om;ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD; OD;,Hkaumif;/ trd a':odef;jr
wdk@rS 1934 ckESpf/ ZGefv (25)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? arG;csif;(8)OD;teuft}uD;qHk;om;jzpfonf? OD;wif
xGwfonf 1935 ckESpfwGif tdrfrJ+rdK@/ trsdK;om;ausmif;Ypwifynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1939 ckESpfwGif
ysOf;rem;+rdK@/ trsdK;om;ausmif;odk@ ajymif;a¶$@ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 'kwd,urBmppftwGif; tdrfrJ+rdK@/ uHvS
bkef;}uD;ausmif; q&mawmfOD;a^;,sxHwGif avmukwW&mpmayrsm;avhvmoif=um;cJhonf? tm¶Svli,f
tpnf;t¶Hk; uif;axmufvkviftzGJ@0iftjzpf yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1945-46 ckESpftwGif; tfdrfrJ+rdK@e,f/
z-q-y-v tzGJ@csKyf. vGwfvyfa&;}udK;yrf;v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;wGif wufºuGpGmyg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? tdrfrJ+rdK@
e,f ausmif;om;or*~ twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf aqmif¶Guf+yD;/ jynfol@vrf;jyeH&Huyfpmapmif t,f'Dwmtjzpf
aqmif¶Gufxkwfa0cJhonf? 1947 ckESpftwGif; ykodrf+rdK@/ vlrsdK;aygi;f pHk rGefu&iftxufwef;ausmif;Y ynm
qufvufoif=um;onf? ,if;ausmif;Y ausmif;om;or*~twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJh+yD;/ ykodrfc¶dkif
ausmif;om;or*~tr_aqmiftjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1948 ckESpfwGif tpdk;&A[dktxuf
wef;ausmif;/ &efukefodk@ajymif;a¶$@+yD; ynmqufvufoif=um;cJhonf? ,if;ausmif;Y ausmif;om;or*~
pm=unfhwdkufrª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1949 ckESpfwGif tr_xrf;aygif;pHkESifhausmif;om;oydwfwkdufyGJv_yf¶Sm;
r_wGif &efukefc¶dkifausmif;om;or*~ESifhtwl a¶S@wef;rSyg0ifv_yf¶Sm;cJhonf? 1950 jynfhESpfwGif pdef*|ef;'dkiftdkpD
pif a,musFm;av;txufwef;ausmif; wuUodkvf0ifoifwef;Y qufvufynmoif=um;cJhonf? pdef*|ef;
a,musFm;av;txufwef;ausmif;/ ausmif;om;or*~ pnf;¶Hk;a&;rª;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? &efukefc±dkif
ausmif;om;or*~(&-u-o)jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;a&;twGuf &efukefc¶dkifausmif;om;or*~ pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD
tvkyftr_aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ twGif;a&;r–;tjzpfvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1951 ckESpf
wGif wuUodkvf0ifpmar;yGJatmifjrifI ZD0aA'bmomwGJjzifh &efukefwuUodkvfwGif qufvufynmoif=um;
cJhonf? 1951 ckESpfwGif ArmEdkifiHausmif;om;or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD/ pnf;¶Hk;a&;AsL±dk twGif;
a&;r–;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJh+yD;/ txufjrefrmjynfodk@pnf;¶Hk;a&;qif;cJhonf? &efukefwuUodkvfY ynmoif=um;pOf
yg%aA'bmom&yftoif; twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ yif;,aqmif o[m,ESifhpmzwftoif; tvkyf
tr_aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? &efukefwuUodkvf wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk
zGJ@pnf;wnfaxmifolwOD;tjzpf wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm; v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;wGif a¶S@wef;rSacgif;aqmifyg0if
aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1952-53 ckESpfwGif &efukefc¶dkifausmif;om;or*~ OuUX tjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;
cH&onf? 1953 ckESpfwGif &efukew f uUodkvf atmufwkdbmausmif;wvydwfa&;wdkufyGJwGif acgif;aqmifyg0ifcJh
onf? &efukefwuUodkvfrS &moufyefausmif;xkwfjcif;cH&+yD;/ yk'fr (5) jzifhzrf;qD;I tif;pdefA[dktusOf;
axmifwGif (1)ESpfcJGcef@zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1956-57 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfY ausmif;0ifcGifh
jyefvnf&¶SdI Oypmody`Hwef;Y ynmqufvufoif=um;cJhonf? 1958-59 ckESpfwGif &efukefaq;aumvdyfY
'kwd, trfbDbDtuf(pf) t}uD;wef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? aq;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;nD!Gwfa&;
wyfOD;acgif;aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ vomaqmif o[m,ESifhpmzwftoif; twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;
aumif;yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1958 ckESpf/ =o*kwfvwGifusif;yaom ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwGif aq;
aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfwufa&mufcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd ausmif;om;
v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;/ urBmh+idrf;csrf;a&;v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvf
0dZ…mtydkif;(u) oifwef;odk@ ajymif;a¶$@oif=um;cJhonf? 1963 ckESpfwGif 0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1962-63 ckESpf
wGif &efukefwuUodkvf r*~Zif;aumfrwD twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1964 ckESpfrS
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1985 ckESpftxd ynma&;Xme vli,fha&;&mXmecGJwGif ynm-pDrH-okaw Xmepdwfrª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/
wuUodkvfrsm;tkyfcsKyfa&;¶Hk; wuUodkvfrsm;A[dk&duQmXmerª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ usef;rma&;0ef}uD;Xme/
aq;ynmOD;pD;XmetkyfcsKyfr_atmuf¶Sd oGm;bufqdkif&maq;wuUodkvfY armfuGef;xdef;tqifh(2)tjzpf
vnf;aumif;/ aq;wuUodkvf(1)Y armfuGef;xdef;tqifh(1)tjzpfvnf;aumif; tr_xrf;cJhonf? 1964 ckESpf
wGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvrf;pOfygwD vli,fa&;&mc±dkifpnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;/ awZvli,fpmapmif t,f'DwmtzGJ@0if/ 1966
ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD A[dkvli,f ynmpDrHokawoer–;/ ygwDXmecsKyf vlxka&;&mXme ygwD
0efxrf;(Xmepdwfr–;)/ 1975-76 ckESpfwGif vom+rdK@e,ftvkyform;aumifpD 'kwd,OuUX(1)/ 1973 ckESpfwGif
jynfvHk;u|wfqENcH,lyGJusif;ya&;ESifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif vom+rdK@e,f tzJG@0ifESifh OuUX/
1981 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (4)&ufae@wGif EkdifiHawmfaumifpD trdef@trSwf (2§81)jzifh EkdifiH*k%f&nf('kwd,qifh)
csD;jr‡ifhcH&onf? 1985 ckESpfwGif jynfol0efxrf;wHqdyfcsD;jr‡ifhcH&onf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@
'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif ppf+yD;acwfESifh vGwfvyfa&;acwf ausmif;om;or*~tzJG@0ifa[mif;rsm;ESifh
twl yg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJhonf? ¶Spfav;vHk;wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf.acgif;aqmifr_udkcH,lv_yf&Sm;cJhonf?
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf pwifxlaxmifpOfuyif A[dkXmecsKyf ¶Hk;tzGJ@wGif yg0ifaqmif¶GufcJhonf? trsdK;
om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[kdOD;pD;tzJG@0if/ wkdif;pnf;tzJG@0ifwm0efwkd@,lcJhonf? OD;wifxGwfonf trsdK;om;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. *ENDqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; e0wu v$wfawmfac:ray;vsif aqmif&Gufzdk@vkdonfhenf;vrf;
oHk;oG,fpmwrf;ðypk&mwGif twGif;ususyg0ifcJhojzifh oufqkdif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;
aemuf OD;wifxGwfonf 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya' yk'fr 5 (u) (c) (n) t& jypfr_xif&Sm;
pD&ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyJGOya' yk'fr 11 (n) ESihf+idpGef;ojzihf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS y,f
zsufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (20)&uf
ae@wGif a=unmcsuftrSwf(987)jzifha=unmcJhonf? aemif(10)ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfrnfh a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;Y yg0if
,SOf+ydKifcGifhudkvnf;ydwfyifcJhonf?
51? tdrfrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2)?
OD;jrifharmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?
OD;jrifharmifonf tdrfrJ+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

1937 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (13)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;armifwif.om;jzpfonf? OD;jrifharmifonf jyify0dZ…m
yxrESpfatmifjrifcJhonf? 1985 ckESpfrS 1989 ckESpftxd aiGpm&if;rif;}uD;±Hk;wGif atmufweff;pma&;/
xkd@aemuf pm&if;ppfr–;/ 1989 ckESpf/ arv (2)&ufae@wGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? tdrfrJ+rdK@e,f trsdK;om;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif pnf;¶Hk;a&;r–;wm0ef,lcJhonf? vGwfajrmufe,fajrrme,fyavmpcef;okd@oGm;a&muf+yD;
aomif;usef;olrsm;ESifhyl;aygif;vsuf&Sda=umif; ppfaq;ay:aygufojzifh 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_ tufOya'
yk'fr 5 (u)(c)(n)/ jypfr_qdkif&musifhxHk;Oya' yk'fr(512)t& A[ef;+rdK@e,fw&m;±Hk;wGif w&m;pGJqkdxm;+yD;/
w&m;cHajy;tjzpfa=unmxm;onfhtjyif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1991
ckESpf/ {+yDv (30)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ {+yDv
(25)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&tzGJ@ jyifqifwdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg v,f
,mESifhopfawm0ef}uD;Xme/ obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&
onf? 1994 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&ufae@wGif xdkif;EdkifiH/ befaumuf+rdK@¶Sd jrefrmoH¶Hk;odk@oGm;a&muftzrf;cHcJh+yD;
e-0-w xHtnHhcHcJhonf?
- 308 -
ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ
“ jynfyodk@xGufcGmvmonfh jynfo@l v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;? ”
pOf trnf rJqENe,fajr jynfe,f§wdkif; ygwD rSwfcsuf
1? a'gufwmpdef0if; aygufacgif; yJcl;wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD

2? OD;bdkvSwifh rdk;ukwf (2) rEWav;wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
3? OD;armifarmifat; rEWav;§t&r (1) rEWav;wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
4? OD;odef;OD; rEWav;§tew (1) rEWav;wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
5? OD;xGef;OD; ausmuf}uD; yJcl;wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
6? OD;vSOD; ausmufwHcg; (1) yJcl;wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
7? OD;oef;pdef ykvJ (1) ppfudkif;wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
8? a'gufwmwifhaqG ykvJ (2) ppfudkif;wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
9? a'gufwmpef;atmmif t*Fyl (2) {&m0wD wdkif; woD;yk*~v
10? OD;yDwmvif;yif jyifOD;vGif rEWav;wdkif; woD;yk*~v
11? OD;0if;udk a&OD; (2) ppfudkif;wdkif; tzGJ@csKyf uG,fvGef
12? OD;vSaz aysmfbG,f (2) ppfudkif;wdkif; tzGJ@csKyf uG,fvGef
13? OD;oef;ºuG,f a±$awmif (1) yJcl;wdkif; tzGJ@csKyf jynfwGif;jyef0if
14? OD;jrifhatmif uHr rauG;wdkif; tzGJ@csKyf jynfwGif;jyef0if
15? OD;jrifharmif tdrfrJ (2) {&m0wDwdkif; tzGJ@csKyf jynfwGif;jyef0if
16? OD;tifeef;*rf rcsrf;abm ucsifjynfe,f tzGJ@csKyf jynfwGif;jyef0if
17? OD;ref‹zef;qif ac:bl'J ucsifjynfe,f tzGJ@csKyf jynfwGif;jyef0if
18? OD;ausmfarmif rdk;!‡if;-1 ucsifjynfe,f tzGJ@csKyf jynfwGif;jyef0if
19? OD;=umjr rdk;!‡if; (2) ucsifjynfe,f tzGJ@csKyf jynfwGif;jyef0if
20? OD;a,mpD ylwmtdk ucsifjynfe,f tzGJ@csKyf jynfwGif;jyef0if
21? OD;armifarmifvwf bD;vif; (1) rGefjynfe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
22? OD;Adkvfaomif; ,if;rmyif (1) ppfudkif;wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
23? a'gufwmZvS,fxef zvrf; csif;jynfe,f csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
24? OD;v#Htkyf [m;cg; csif;jynfe,f woD;yk*~v
25? cGefwuf'Dbl;&D vGKdifaumf (2) u,m;jynfe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
26? OD;',feD&,fatmif rdkif;ysOf; ±Srf;jynfe,f vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;
ygwD
27? cGefrm;udkbef z,fcHk ±Srf;jynfe,f u,ef;trsdK;om;rsm;pnf;vHk;
nD!Gwfa&;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
28? OD;OD;omEdk@ &aohawmif &cdkifjynfe,f &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
29? OD;jr0if; t*Fyl (1) {&m0wDwdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
30? OD;xGef;&D oHwJG &cdkifjynfe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
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31? a'gufwmaX;odef; oeyfyif (2) yJc;l wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
32? OD;xefv#ef;aygif wGef;ZH csif;jynfe,f ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf
33? OD;cifausmf[ef a&eHacsmif; (2) rauG;wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
34? pdkif;0if;az rdkif;¶SL; ¶Srf;jynfe,f ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyf
35? Edkifaomif;¶Sdef aumhu&dwf (2) u&ifjynfe,f rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@
36? OD;wifxGwf tdrfrJ (1) {&m0wDwkdif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
37? 'l0gaZmfatmif 0dkif;armf ucsifjynfe,f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
38? a':pef;pef; qdyfurf; &efukefwdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
39? OD;ausmfoGif c&rf; (1) &efukefwdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
40? a'gufwmrsdK;0if; u0 (1) yJcl;wdkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
ÙÙÙÙÙ
tusOf;axmifrsm;wGif xdef;odrf;cHae&qJ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;?
pOf? trnf jynfe,f§wdkif; rJqENe,f zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; tusOf;axmif jypf'%f

cH&onfhae@
(1) OD;tkef;}udKif rEWav;wdkif; ta¶S@awmif(2) 7-9-1990 awmifil (7)ESpf

(2) a'gufwm
aZmfjrifharmif rEWav;wdkif; tr&yl&(1) Ekd0ifbm/ 90 jrpf}uD;em; (37)ESpf
(3) OD;pdefvSOD; &efukefwdkif; tif;pdef(2) 4-7-1994 jrpf}uD;em; (7)ESpf
(4) OD;cifarmifaqG &efukefwdkif; prf;acsmif; 5-8-1994 jrpf}uD;em; (7)ESpf
(5) OD;ausmfcif ¶Srf;jynfe,f awmif}uD;(1) 6-3-1996 o&uf (10)ESpf
(6) a'gufwm
oef;+idrf; &efukefwdkif; ausmufwef;(1) 28-10-97 tif;pdef (7)ESpf
(7) a'gufwm
ar0if;jrifh &efukefwdkif; r&rf;ukef;(2) 28-10-97 tif;pdef (7)ESpf
(8) OD;tkef;armif yJcl;wdkif; anmifav;yif(1) 28-4-1998 tif;pdef (7)ESpf
(9) OD;wdk;ydk weoFm&Dwdkif; a&jzL 9-6-1998 tif;pdef (7)ESpf
(10) OD;pdk;jrifh rauG;wdkif; rif;bl;(1) 9-9-1998 tif;pdef (28)ESpf
(11) OD;ausmfqef; ppfudkif;wdkif; wef@qnf(1) 6-9-1998 tif;pdef (7)ESpf
(12) OD;a,mpD ucsifjynfe,f ylwmtdk 2-10-1998 jrpf}uD;em; (5)ESpf
(13) OD;Edkif;Edkif; &efukefwdkif; ykZGefawmif 13-9-2000 tif;pdef (21)ESpf
(14) OD;atmifpdk;jrifh yJcl;wdkif; awmifil(1) 31-8-2003 o&uf (7)ESpf
rSwfcsuf? ? ¶Srf;jynfe,f/ vm;¶_d;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS OD;oef;aX;tm; 11-8-2004 &ufae@wGif

om;jzpfol udkoef;xGef;OD;ESifh wljzpfolwdk@ESifhtwl w&m;r0ifypPnf;vufcHa&mif;0,fr_jzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;
- 310 -
xm;cJhonf? {&m0wDwdkif;/ ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)rS OD;atmif=uiftm; 2004 ckESpf/ =o*kwfvxJ
wGif w&m;r0ifAD'D,dkacGrsm; vuf0,fawG@¶Sdr_jzifh tm%mydkifrsm;rS zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf?
ÙÙÙÙÙ
ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya'
(EkdfifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 1§88)
1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 11 &uf

1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 21 &uf
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfwGif ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdfif

&ef EkdfifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf atmufygOya'udkjyÏmef;vkdufonf?
tcef; (1)
trnf
1? TOya'ukd ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya'[kac:wGifap&rnf?
tcef; (2)
zGJ@pnf;jcif;
2? 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&ufae@pGJyg EkdfifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzJG@ a=unm

csuftrSwf (1§88) tykd'f (2)wGif &nf!Gef;xm;aom ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;
aumfr&Sifukd qufvufwm0efay;tyfonf?
3? EkdfifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;
aumfr&SifwGif tzGJ@0ifOD;a&wkd;jcif;/ vpfvyfonfhae&mwGif tpm;xkd;jcif;wdk@ukdaqmif&GufEkdifonf?
tcef; (3)
wm0efESifhvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;
4? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif. wm0efESifhvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;rSm atmufyg

twkdif;jzpfonf -
- 311 -
(u) vGwfvyfI w&m;r#waomygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdif
a&;twGufaqmif&Gufjcif;/
(c) vkdtyfaom Oya'rsm;ukda&;qGJI EkdfifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u jyÏmef;ay;a&;
twGufwifjyjcif;/
(*) vkdtyfaom enf;Oy'rsm;/ vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;/ trdef@rsm;/ !Gef=um;csufrsm;udk a&;qGJIxkwf
jyefjcif;/
(C) ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;udk zGJ@pnf;jcif;/
(i) ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SiEf Sifh aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;twGuf vkdtyfaom&kH;
0efxrf;rsm;cef@tyfjcif;/ 0efxrf;a&;&m udpP&yfrsm;udkpDrHcef@cGJjcif;/ pDrHcef@cGJapjcif;/
(p) vGwfvyfI w&m;r#waomygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJatmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdif&efvkd
tyfonfhtpDtpOfrsm;ðyvkyfjcif;/ vkdtyfonfrsm;udkaqmif&Gufjcif;/ vkdtyfonfhtultnDrsm;
ukdawmif;cH&,ljcif;?
tcef; (4)
taxGaxG
5? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifEiS fh aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;. ukefusp&dwfrsm;/ a&G;

aumufyGJusif;ya&;twGufukefusp&dwfrsm;ukd EkdifiHawmf.b¾maiGrS uscH&rnf?
6? jynfol@v$wfawmfESifhjynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifh a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifOya'
(1976 ckESpf/ jynfol@v$wfawmfOya' trSwf - 5) udk TOya'jzifh &kyfodrf;vkdfufonf?
(yHk) apmarmif
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;
OuUX
EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@
ÙÙÙÙÙ
EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'
(EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJŒ Oya'trSwf 4§88 )
1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhausmf (2)&uf?

1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (27)&uf?
- 312 -
ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdif&ef EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnf
aqmufa&;tzGJŒonf atmufygOya'udkjyÏmef;vkdufonf?
tcef;(1)
trnfESifht"dy`g,fazmfjycsuf
1? TOya'udk EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf?

2? TOya'wGifyg&Sdaom atmufygpum;&yfrsm;onf azmfjyygtwkdif; t"dy`g,foufa&mufap&rnf?
(u) EkdifiHa&;ygwDqdkonfrSm ppfrSefaomygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDudkvufcHusifhokH;aomtzGJŒtpnf;udkqkdonf?
(c) a&G;aumufyGJqkdonfrSm ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudkqkdonf?
(*) aumfr&SifqkdonfrSm ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifudkqkdonf?
tcef;(2)
EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;
3? a&G;aumufyGJY0ifa&muf,SOfòydifvkdaom EkdifiHa&;ygwDtoD;oD;onf owfrSwfxm;aomenf;vrf;

rsm;ESifhtnDrSwfykHwif&ef aumfr&Sifodk@av#mufxm;&rnf? odk@&mwGif atmufygtzGJŒtpnf;w&yf&yfonf
rSwfykHwif&ef av#mufxm;cGifhr&Sdap&?
(u) wnfqJOya'w&yf&yft& rw&m;toif;tjzpfa=unmjcif;cH&aomtzGJŒtpnf;?
(c) EkdifiHawmftm; vufeufpGJudkifI awmfvSefykefuefaeaom aomif;usefoltzGJŒtpnf;?
(*) EkdifiHawmfydkifaiGa=u;/ taqmufttkH/ ,mOf/ ypPnf;wkd@udk wkduf±kdufjzpfap/ oG,f0dkufaomenf;
jzifhjzpfap &,lokH;pGJonfhtzGJ@tpnf;?
(C) EkdifiHjcm;wkdif;jynfwckck. tpdk;& odk@r[kwf bmoma&;tzGJŒtpnf; odk@r[kwf tjcm;tzGJŒtpnf;
wck ckrS aiGa=u;/ ypPnf;/ tjcm;taxmuftyHhudk wkduf±kdufjzpfap/ oG,f0dkufaomenf;jzifhjzpfap &,l
okH;pGJonfh tzGJ@tpnf;?
(i) bmoma&;udk EkdifiHa&;udpPtwGuf tvGJokH;pm;ðyaomtzGJ@tpnf;?
(p) jynfolŒwyfrawmf/ jynfolŒ&JwyfzGJŒpaom umuG,fa&;wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;/ jynfolŒ0efxrf;tzGJ@tpnf;
toD;oD;/ EkdifiHydkifpD;yGm;a&;/ bkwf/ aumfydka&;&Si;f / tzGJŒtpnf;toD;oD;rS0efxrf;rsm;ESihf EkdifiHawmf
b¾maiGrSvpmcHpm;=uaom 0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifonfhtzGJ@tpnf;?
4? rnfonfhEkdifiHa&;ygwDrqkd TOya't&rSwfykHwifcGifh&&Sd+yD;rSomv#if a&G;aumufyGJwGif0ifa&muf

,SOfòydifcGifh&Sdonf?
tcef;(3)
aumfr&Sif. vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;
- 313 -
5? EkdifiHa&;ygwDwckurSwfykHwifay;&efav#mufxm;onfhtcg owfrSwfxm;aomenf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD
ppfaq;+yD;aemuf aumfr&Sifonf ² ² ²
(u) rSwfykHwifcGihfðyEkdifonf? odk@r[kwf
(c) rSwfykHwifcGifhðy&ef jiif;qkdEkdifonf//
6? a&G;aumufyGJusif;yjcif;rðyrD rSwfykHwifcGifh&&Sd+yD;aomEkdifiHa&;ygwDwckonf yk'fr 3/ yk'frcGJ (u)(c)(*)

(C) odk@r[kwf (i)wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtzGJŒtpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif; aumfr&SifuawG@&Sdv#if rSwfykHwifcGifhðycJh
jcif;udk y,fzsuf&rnf?
7? a&G;aumufyGJusif;yjcif;rðyrD rSwfykHwifcGifh&&Sd+yD;aomEdkifiHa&;ygwDwckonf yk'fr 3/ yk'frcGJ (p) wGif

azmfjyxm;onfh tzGJŒtpnf;w&yfjzpfa=umif;aumfr&SifuawGŒ&Sdv#if ,if;tzGJŒtpnf;wGifyg0ifonfhoufqkdif
&myk*~dKvfrsm;tm; ygwD0iftjzpfrSE_wfxGufap&ef aumfr&Sifu oufqkdif&mEkdifiHa&;ygwDESihf oufqkdif&m
0efxrf;tzGJŒtpnf;tm; ta=umif;=um;&rnf?
8? yk'fr (5)/ (6) odk@r[kwf (7) t& aumfr&Sif.qkH;jzwfcsufonf t+yD;tjywfjzpfonf?
tcef;(4)
taxGaxG
9/ aumfr&Sifonf TOya'ygjyÏmef;csufrsm;udk aqmif&Guf&efvkdtyfaom enf;Oya'rsm;/ vkyfxkH;vkyf

enf;rsm;/ trdef@rsm;/ !¸ef=um;csufrsm;udk xkwfjyefEkdifonf?
ÙÙÙÙÙ
toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;jcif;qdkif&m Oya'
(EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya' trSwf 6§88)
1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vjynfhausmf 5 &uf

1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 30 &uf
EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf atmufygOya'udk jyXmef;vdkufonf?
tcef; (1)
trnfESifht"dy`m,fazmfjycsuf
1? TOya'udk toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;jcif;qdkif&m Oya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf?
- 314 -
2? TOya'wGifyg¶Sdaomatmufygpum;&yfrsm;onf azmfjyygtwdkif;t"dy`m,foufa&mufap&rnf ² ² ²
(u) toif;tzGJ@ qdkonfrSm trnfoD;jcm;¶Sdonfjzpfap/ r¶Sdonfjzpfap &nf¶G,fcsufwpfckcktwGuf
odk@r[kwf vkyfief;pOf wpfckcktwGuf vltrsm;pkaygif;zGJ@pnf;xm;aom toif;tzGJ@/ tpnf;t¶Hk;/
or*~/ ygwD/ aumfrwD/ tzGJ@csKyf/ toif;pk/ wyfOD;/ uvyfESifh tvm;wl toif;tzGJ@udk qdkonf?
(c) EdkifiHa&; toif;tzGJ@ qdkonfrSm EdkifiHa&;t,l0g' wpfckcktay:wGif tajccHI EdkifiHa&;pnf;¶Hk;
v_yf¶Sm;r_udk wpfenf;enf;jyKaom toif;tzGJ@udk qdkonf?
tcef; (2)
zGJ@pnf;cGifh&¶Sd&ef av#mufxm;jcif;
3? (u) toif;tzGJ@rsm;onf zGJ@pnf;cGifh&¶Sd&ef jynfxJa&;ESifhomoema&;0ef}uD;Xmeodk@ owfrSwf

xm;aom enf;vrf;twdkif; av#mufxm;&rnf/
(c) zGJ@pnf;+yD;aom toif;tzGJ@onf TOya' jyXmef;aomae@&ufrS &ufaygif;oHk;q,ftwGif;
av#mufxm;&rnf/
(*) cGifhjyKcsufr&aom toif;tzGJ@udk zGJ@pnf;jcif; odk@r[kwf qufvuf&yfwnf v_yf¶Sm;jcif; rjyK&?
4? atmufyg toif;tzGJ@rsm;onf TOya't& zGJ@pnf;cGifh av#mufxm;&efrvdk ² ² ²

(u) 1964 ckESpf/ trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;udk umuG,fonfh Oya't& jynfxJa&;ESifh omoem
a&;0ef}uD;XmewGif rSwfyHkwifxm;+yD;jzpfI ,if;rSwfyHkwif wnfv#uf¶Sdaom toif;tzGJ@/
(c) bmom/ omoema&;oufoufudkom usifhoHk;aqmif¶Gufaom toif;tzGJ@/
(*) pD;yGm;a&;oufoufudkom vkyfudkifaqmif¶Gufaom toif;tzGJ@/
(C) wnfqJ Oya'wpf&yf&yft& rSwfyHkwifxm;aom toif;tzGJ@/
(i) EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifjcif; Oya't& ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxG a¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;
aumfr¶SifrS rSwfyHkwifcGifh&¶Sd+yD;aom odk@r[kwf ,if;aumfr¶Sifodk@ rSwfyHkwif&ef av#mufxm;+yD; odk@r
[kwf av#mufxm;&ef jyifqifv#uf¶Sda=umif; wifjy+yD;jzpfaom EdkifiHa&;ygwD toif;tzGJ@?
tcef; (3)
zGJ@pnf;cGifhr¶Sdaom toif;tzGJ@rsm;
atmufyg toif;tzGJ@rsm;udk zGJ@pnf;jcif;rjyK&/ zGJ@pnf;xm;+yD;jzpfv#ifvnf; v_yf¶Sm;jcif;rjyK&/ quf

vufwnf¶SdcGifh r¶Sdap& ² ² ²
(u) 1988 ckESpf/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya't& rSwfyHkwifcGifhr&aom toif;tzGJ@/ rSwfyHk
wifcGifh&aomfvnf; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr¶Sifu rSwfyHkwifjcif;
udk y,fzsufjcif;cH&aom toif;tzGJ@/
(c) w&m;Oya' pdk;rdk;a&;/ e,fajrat;csrf;om,ma&;udk jzpfap/ vrf;yef;qufoG,fr_ vHk+cHKacsmarG@
apa&;udkjzpfap wpfenf;enf;tm;jzifh xdcdkufap&ef tm;xkwfaom/ vH_@aqmfaom/ wdkufwGef;tm;
ay;aom/ ulnDaom/ jyKvkyfaom toif;tzGJ@/
(*) EdkifiHawmftkyfcsKyfa&;,EW&m;¶Sd jynfol@wyfrawmf/ jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@paom umuG,fa&;wyfzGJ@0if
rsm;/ jynfol@0efxrf; tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;/ EdkifiHydkifpD;yGm;a&; bkwf/ aumfydka&;¶Sif;ESifh tzGJ@tpnf;
- 315 -
toD;oD;rS 0efxrf;rsm; odk@r[kwf EdkifiHawmfb¾maiGrS vpm&,l=uaom 0efxrf;wpfOD;OD; odk@r
[kwf 0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifzGJ@pnf;xm;+yD; EdkifiHa&;toif;tzGJ@wpfckck. =oZmcH,laom odk@r[kwf EdkifiH
a&; toif;tzGJ@ wpfckckESifh qufoG,faom toif;tzGJ@?
tcef; (4)
jypf'%frsm;
6? rnfolrqdk yk'fr 3/ yk'frcGJ (*) udkjzpfap/ yk'fr 5 udkjzpfap azmufzsufusL;vGefa=umif; jypfr_xif¶Sm;

pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f ig;ESpfxd uscHap&rnf?
7? rnfolrqdk yk'fr 3/ yk'frcGJ (*) t& zGJ@pnf;cGifhudk jzpfap/ qufvuf&yfwnfcGifhudk jzpfap r&aom
toif;tzGJ@ odk@r[kwf yk'fr 3 t& zGJ@pnf;cGifhr¶Sdaom toif;tzGJ@ wpfckckwGif yg0ifa=umif;/ toif;tzGJ@udk
tm;ay;ulnDa=umif;/ odk@r[kwf xdktoif;tzGJ@ taqmifta,mifudk toHk;jyKa=umif; jypfr_xif¶Sm; pD&ifjcif;
cH&v#if axmif'%f oHk;ESpfxd uscHap&rnf?
tcef; (5)
taxGaxG
8? jynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0ef}uD;Xmeonf TOya't& rSwfyHkwifcGifhjyKxm;aom toif;tzGJ@

taejzifh rSwfyHkwifcGifhjyKpOf azmfjycJhaom &nf¶G,fcsufESifh vkyfief;pOfudk ajymif;vJI v_yf¶Sm;a=umif; pdppfawG@
¶Sdv#if xdktoif;tzGJ@. rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;udk y,fzsufEdkifonf?
9? jynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0ef}uD;Xmeonf vdktyfaom enf;Oya'rsm;/ trdef@rsm;/ !¸ef=um;csuf

rsm;/ vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;udk xkwfjyefEdkifonf?
toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;jcif;qdkif&mOya'
jyXmef;jcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;I¶Sif;vif;csuf
EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf jynfolwpf&yfvHk; vdkvm;awmifhw awmif;qdk

v#uf¶Sdaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJwGif ppfrSefaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDudk vufcHusifhoHk;aom
EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;taejzifh owfrSwfxm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD vGwfvyfpGm zGJ@pnf;v_yf¶Sm; yg0if,SOf+ydKif
Edkif&ef &nf¶G,fcsufjzifh 1964 ckESpf/ trsdK;om; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;udk umuG,fonfhOya'udk y,fzsufcJhyg
onf?
xdk@jyif EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJwGif

ppfrSefaomygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDudk vufcHusifhoHk;aomEdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;taejzifh pepfwus vGwfvyfpGm 0ifa&muf
,SOf+ydKifEdkifa&;twGuf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶Sif Oya' udkvnf;aumif;/ Edkif
iHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifjcif; Oya'udkvnf;aumif;/ jyXmef;cJhygonf?
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,cktcg 'Drdkua&pD.tESpfom&udk trSefwu,fjrwfEdk;pGmjzifh ppfrSefaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDudk
vufcHusifhoHk;aom EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzG@J tpnf;rsm; zGJ@pnf;vmonfrsm; ¶SdouJhodk@ 'Drdkua&pDudk[efjy+yD;
r¶dk;om;aomoabm/ rormaom&nf¶G,fcsufwdk@jzifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;udk
taESmifht,Suf t[ef@twm; tEW&m,fjzpfaprnfh toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;xm;a=umif;/ zGJ@pnf;&ef jyifqif
v#uf¶Sdaea=umif; od¶Sd&ygonf?
xdkuJhodk@ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;udk taESmifht,Suf t[ef@twm;

tEW&m,fjzpfaprnfh toif;tzGJ@rsm;udk cGifhjyKxm;ygu w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;ESifh e,fajrat;csrf;om,ma&;/
EdkifiHawmf tkyfcsKyfa&;,EW&m; yHkrSefvma&;wdk@udk xdcdkufvmEdkifrnfjzpfygonf? xdk@jyif &[ef;¶Sifvl jynfolrsm;
ESifh 0efxrf;rsm;t=um; pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfr_ ysufjym;jcif;/ pdwf0rf;uGJjym;jcif;/ pnf;urf;azmufzsufjcif;rsm; jzpf
vmEdkifzG,f&m ta=umif;¶Sdygonf?
xdk@a=umifh EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;jcif;qdkif&mOya'

udk jyXmef;&jcif; jzpfygonf?
ÙÙÙÙÙ
jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'
(EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 14§98)
1351 ckESpf/ uqkefvjy!fhausmf 12 &uf

(1989 ckESpf/ arv 31 &uf)
vGwfvyfI w&m;r#waom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;yI jynfol@v$wfawmf

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udka¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufEdkif&ef EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf atmufyg
Oya'udkjyXmef;vdkufonf?
tcef; (1)
trnfESifht"dy`m,fazmfjycsuf
1? TOya'udk jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf?
2? TOya'wGifyg¶Sdaomatmufygpum;&yfrsm;onf azmfjyygtwdkif;t"dy`m,foufa&mufap&rnf ² ² ²
(u) v$wfawmf qdkonfrSm jynfol@v$wfawmfudk qdkonf/
(c) aumfr¶Sif qdkonfrSm ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶Sifudk qdk onf/
(*) aumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJ qdkonfrSm aumfr¶SifuzGJ@pnf;ay;aom jynfe,f/ wdkif; odk@r[kwf òrd@e,fpk
odk@r[kwf òrd@e,f odk@r[kwf &yfuGuf odk@r[kwf aus;¶Gmtkyfpk aumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;udk qdkonf?
xdkpum;&yfwGif òrd@e,fpkaumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJtjzpfaqmif¶Guf&ef aumfr¶Sifu jynfe,f odk@r[kwf wdkif;
aumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJ0ifrsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;ay;aom aumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJvnf; yg0ifonf?
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(C) a¶G;aumufyGJ qdkonfrSm ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJudk qdkonf?
(i) rJqENe,f qdkonfrSm v$wfawmfrq J ENe,fudk qdkonf/
(p) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f qdkonfrSm v$wfawmfodk@a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&oludk qdk onf?
(q) omoemh0efxrf; qdkonfrSm atmufygyk*~dKvfrsm;udk qdkonf ² ² ²
(1) Ak'<bmom0ifrsm;twGufjzpfv#if Ak'<bmom omoemh0efudkxrf;¶Gufaeaom &[ef;/
omra%/ zdk;olawmf/ r,foDv/ &aohESifh &aohr/
¶Sif;vif;csuf? omoemh0efxrf;[kqdk&mwGif omoema&;qdkif&m &[ef; odk@r[kwf
omoemh0efxrf;tjzpf acwWcH,lxm;qJumvtzdk@ oufqdkifap&
rnf?
(2) c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;twGufjzpfv#if c&pf,mefomoemh0efudkxrf;aqmif&ef
t"dutm;jzifh rdrdudk,fudk qufuyfxm;+yD;yk*~dKvf[k oufqdkif&m c&pf,meftoif;
awmf}uD;rsm; (Churches) u todtrSwfðyI oduQmay;xm;jcif;cH&aom odk@r[kwf
wm0efay;xm;jcif;cH&aom yk*~dKvfrsm;jzpfap/ rdrdwdk@udk;uG,f&mbmomt& *dk%f;csKyf.
tkyfcsKyfjcif;udk rdrdqENtavsmufvufcHI bmoma&;pnf;rsOf;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ t"d
Xmefðycsufjzifhvnf;aumif; pnf;¶Hk;xm;aom yk*~dKvfwpkwGifjzpfap/ tzGJ@tpnf;wGif jzpfap
yg0ifaomyk*~dKvfrsm;/
(3) [dENLbmom0ifrsm;twGufjzpfv#if pH,mpD/ r[ef@ odk@r[kwf [dENLbkef;awmf}uD; rsm;?
(Z) rJpm&if; qdkonfrSm a¶G;aumufyGJtwGuf owfrSwfxm;aom rJqENe,frsm;wGif¶Sdo!fh
qENrJay;ydkifcGifh¶Sdolrsm;. pm&if;udk qdkonf/
(ps) axmif'%fuscHae&olrsm; qdkonfrSm w&m;¶Hk;wckck. pD&ifcsuft& axmif'%fuscHae&ol
rsm;udk qdkonf? xdkpum;&yfwGif oufqdkif&m w&m;¶Hk;.axmif'%fpD&ifcsufudk rauseyfI
t,lcH0ifxm;aom axmif'%fuscHqJolrsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/
(n) rJ¶HktzGJ@ qdkonfrSm rJqENe,fwe,ftwGif;¶Sd rJ¶Hkw¶HkY qENrJay;jcif;ESifhpyfv#Of;I pkaygif;
wm0ef,laqmif¶Guf&ef oufqdkif&m+rdK@e,faumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJu wm0efay;tyfxm;aom tzGJ@udk
qdkonf/
(Ë) rJ¶Hkrª; qdkonfrSm rJ¶HktzGJ@tm;}uD;rª;aom yk*~dKvfudkqdkonf/
(X) a¶G;aumufr_qdkif&mtcGifhta&; qdkonfrSm a¶G;aumufyGJwGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
avmif;tjzpfjzifh yg0if,SOf+ydKifEdkifaom tcGifhta&; odk@r[kwf ryg0if r,SOf+ydKifbJaeEdkifaom
tcGifhta&; odk@r[kwf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpfrS EkwfxGufEdkifaomtcGifhta&; odk@
r[kwf a¶G;aumufyGJwGif rJay;EdkifaomtcGifhta&; odk@r[kwf rJray;bJaeEdkifaomtcGifhta&; udk
qdkonf?
(È) w&m;rJhðyusifhr_ qdkonfrSm TOya'tcef;(13)wGif azmfjyxm;aom jyKusifhr_wckckudk qdkonf?
tcef; (2)
v$wfawmfzGJ@pnf;jcif;
3? v$wfawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESifhtnD a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufvdkufaom v$wfawmf

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;&rnf?
tcef; (3)
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rJqENe,frsm;owfrSwfjcif;
4? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk a¶G;aumufwifajr‡muf&ef rJqENe,frsm;onf aemufqufwGJ

Z,m;wGifowfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; jzpfonf? odk@&mwGif a&G;aumufyGJusif;yr!hfae@&ufudk a=unmjcif;
rðyrD tpdk;&tzGJ@u òrd@e,fwòrd@e,ftwGif;&Sde,fajrtcsdK@udkjzpfap/ eD;pyf&mòrd@e,frsm;twGif;&Sd e,fajrrsm;
udkaygif;pyfIjzpfap òrd@e,fwòrd@e,ftjzpf topfowfrSwfzGJ@pnf;v#if rlvòrd@e,fwGifvnf;aumif;/ topf
owfrSwfzGJ@pnf;o!fh òrd@e,fwGifvnf;aumif; rJqENe,ftenf;qkH;we,f&&Sdap&ef aemufqufwGJZ,m; yg
rJqENe,fta&twGufxufausmfvGefapumrl aumfr&Sifu oifhavsmfovkd owfrSwfay;Ekdifonf?
5? rJqENe,fwe,fwGif v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fwOD;pD a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf&rnf?
tcef; (4)
qENrJay;ydkifcGifh¶Sdolrsm;
6? atmufygt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhjynfhpHkolrsm;onf trsdK;om;/ trsdK;orD;ra¶G;/ bmomra¶G;

a¶G;aumufyGJwGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh¶Sdonf?
(u) a¶G;aumufyGJpwifusif;yonfhae@wGif touf(18)ESpfjynfh+yD;/ TOya'yg jyXmef;csufrsm;
ESifhrqef@usifaom EdkifiHom;/ {nfhEdkifiHom;ESifh EdkifiHom;ðycGifh&olrsm;?
(c) oufqdkif&mrJqENe,f. rJpm&if;wGif yg0ifolrsm;?
7? atmufygyk*~dKvfrsm;onf a¶G;aumufyGJwGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifhr¶Sdap& ² ² ²

(u) omoemh0efxrf;rsm;?
(c) pdwfayghoGyfaeonf[k oufqdkif&mOya'u jyXmef;xm;onfhtwdkif; owfrSwfjcif;cH&ol rsm;?
(*) jypfr_wckcka=umifh w&m;¶Hk;.trdef@/ pD&ifcsuft& axmif'%fuscHae&olrsm;?
(C) EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;?
tcef; (5)
a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHydkifcGifh¶Sdolrsm;
8? atmufygt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpHkonfh EdkifiHom;rsm;onf trsdK;om;/ trsdK;orD;ra¶G;/

bmomra¶G;/ a¶G;aumufyGJwGif a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHydkifcGifh¶Sdonf?
(u) a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHEdkifa&;twGuf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;v$m wifoGif;csdefwGif ² ² ²
(1) touf(21)ESpfjynfh+yD;/ TOya'yg jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifolrsm;?
(2) rdbESpfyg;vHk; EdkifiHom;jzpf+yD;olrsm;/ odk@r[kwf rdbESpfyg;vHk; uG,fvGef+yD;apumrl/ ,if; wdk@
touf¶Sifv#uf¶Sdygu/ 1948 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHom;jzpfr_ tufOya't&
EdkifiHom;tvdktav#mufjzpfcGifh¶Sdolrsm;/ odk@r[kwf rdbESpfyg;uG,fvGefcsdefwGif ,if;rdb
ESpfyg;vHk; EdkifiHom;jzpf+yD;olrsm;/ odk@r[kwf rdbwyg;onf wdkif;&if;om;jzpfI usefrdbwyg;
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onf jrefrmEdkifiHom;Oya'jyXmef;jcif;rðyrD uG,fvGefjcif;jzpfv#if ,if;odk@uG,fvGefcsdefwGif
EdkifiHom;tjzpf av#mufxm;&,lcGifh¶Sdolrsm;?
(c) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; aexdkifolrsm;?
(*) rJpm&if;wGif yg0ifolrsm;?
9? a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufydkifcGifh¶SdolwOD;onf woD;yk*~vtjzpfjzifhjzpfap/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDwck. ygwD

0iftjzpfjzifhjzpfap/ a¶G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcGifh¶Sdonf?
10? atmufygyk*~dKvfrsm;onf a¶G;aumufyGJwGif a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufydkifcGifh r¶Sdap& ² ² ²

(u) omoemh0efxrf;rsm;?
(c) pdwfayghoGyfaeonf[k oufqdkif&mOya'u jyXmef;xm;onfhtwkdif; owfrSwfcH&olrsm;?
(*) jypfr_wckcka=umifh w&m;¶Hk;.trdef@/ pD&ifcsuft& axmif'%fuscHae&olrsm;?
(C) yk'fr 8/ yk'frcGJ(u)/ yk'frcGJi,f(2)yg rdbrsm;rS arG;zGm;jcif;r[kwfaom EdkifiHom;rsm;?
(i) EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&. aus;Zl;opPmawmfudk cH,lapmifha¶Smuf¶dkaoolrsm;/ odk@r[kwf EdkifiHjcm;
tpdk;&. vufatmufcHjzpfolrsm;/ odk@r[kwf xdktpdk;&. EdkifiHom;jzpfolrsm;/ odk@r[kwf xdktpdk; &.
vufatmufcHjzpfolaomfvnf;aumif;/ EdkifiHom;aomfvnf;aumif;/ cHpm;&aom tcGifh
ta&;rsm;ESifh aus;Zl;cHpm;cGifhrsm;udk cHpm;EdkifcGifh¶Sdolrsm;?
(p) {nfhEdkifiHom;/ EdkifiHom;ðycGifh&olESifh EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;?
(q) wnfqJOya' w&yf&yft& rw&m;toif;tjzpf a=unmjcif;cH&aom tzGJ@tpnf;0ifrsm;?
(Z) EdkifiHawmftm; vufeufpGJudkifI awmfvSefykefuefaeaom aomif;usef;oltzGJ@tpnf;0if rsm;/
awmfvSefykefuef&ef ,if;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ odk@r[kwf tzGJ@tpnf;0ifrsm;ESifh qufoG,f a=umif;
cdkifvHkaomtaxmuftxm;¶Sdo!fhyk*~dKvfrsm;?
(ps) EdkifiHawmfydkifaiGa=u;/ taqmufttHk/ ,mOf/ ypPnf;wdk@udk wdkuf¶dkufjzpfap/ oG,f0dkufaom
enf;jzifhjzpfap/ &,loHk;pGJonfhyk*~dKvf/ odk@r[kwf tzGJ@tpnf;0ifrsm;?
¹cGif;csuf? (1) EdkifiHawmfydkifaiGa=u;[laompum;&yfwGif t+idrf;pm;vpmaiGa=u;aomfvnf; aumif;/
EdkifiHawmftusdK;twGufaqmif¶GufcJhojzifh EdkifiHawmfuw&m;0ifaxmufyHhcsD;jr‡ifhxm; aom
aiGa=u;aomfvnf;aumif; ryg0if?
(2) EdkifiHawmfydkif taqmufttHk/ ,mOf/ ypPnf;[laompum;&yfwGif EdkifiHawmfu
Oya'w&yf&yft& oHk;pGJcGifhðyxm;aom odk@r[kwf EdkifiHawmfxHrS tca=u;aiGjzifhiSm;&rf;aexdkif aom
tdk;tdrfOD;pD;XmeydkiftaqmufttHkESifhtcef;rsm;/ EdkifiHawmfydkiftjcm;taqmufttHkESifh tcef;rsm;/
EdkifiHawmfxHrS tca=u;aiGjzifhiSm;&rf;oHk;pGJaom EdkifiHawmfydkif av,mOf/ &xm;/ oabFm/
armfawmf,mOfponfrsm;/ ypPnf;rsm;ryg0if?
(n) EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfwckck. tpdk;& odk@r[kwf bmoma&;tzGJ@tpnf; odk@r[kwf tjcm;tzGJ@

tpnf;wckckrS aiGa=u;/ ypPnf;/ tjcm;taxmuftyHhudk wdkuf¶dkufjzpfap/ oG,f0dkufaomenf;
jzifhjzpfap/ &,loHk;pGJonfh yk*~dKvf/ odk@r[kwf tzGJ@tpnf;0ifrsm;?
(É) EdkifiHa&;udpPtwGuf bmoma&;udkta=umif;jyI qENrJay;&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrJray;
&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ ajymqdkjcif;/ a[majymjcif;/ a=unmcsufxkwfjyefjcif;ESifh ,if;odk@ðyvkyf &ef
tm;ay;v_H@aqmfjcif;ðyaom yk*~dKvf odk@r[kwf tzGJ@tpnf;0ifrsm;?
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(X) wyfrawmf/ jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@paom umuG,fa&;wyfzGJ@0ifrsm;/ jynfol@0efxrf;tzGJ@tpnf;
toD;oD;/ EdkifiHydkifpD;yGm;a&;tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;rS 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh EdkifiHawmfb¾maiGrS vpmcH
pm;=uaom tjcm;0efxrf;rsm;?
rSwfcsuf? ,if;0efxrf;rsm;wGif t+idrf;pm;,lxm;aom yk*~dKvfrsm;ryg0if?
11? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&+yD;aemuf atmufygwckckESifh+idpGef;v#if

v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGifhr¶Sdap& ² ² ²
(u) omoemh0efxrf;tjzpfodk@ t+rJwrf;ul;ajymif;oGm;jcif;?
(c) pdwfayghoGyfonf[k oufqdkif&mOya'u jyXmef;xm;onfhtwdkif; owfrSwfcH&jcif;?
(*) oufqdkif&mOya't& EdkifiHom;tjzpfrS &yfpJoGm;a=umif; owfrSwfcH&jcif;?
(C) EdkfifiHjcm;tpdk;&. aus;Zl;opPmawmfudk cH,lapmifha¶Smuf¶dkaool/ odk@r[kwf EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&
.vufatmufcHjzpfol/ odk@r[kwf xdktpdk;&.EdkifiHom;jzpfol/ odk@r[kwf xdktpdk;&.vuf
atmufcHjzpfolaomfvnf;aumif;/ EdkifiHom;aomfvnf;aumif; cHpm;&aomtcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh
aus;Zl;cHpm;cGifhrsm;udk cHpm;EdkifcGifh¶Sdol[k a¶G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@.qHk;jzwfcH&jcif;?
(i) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS aumfr¶Sif odk@r[kwf oufqdkif&muEkwfxGufcGifhðyjcif;?
(p) yk'fr(8)/ yk'frcGJ(u)/ yk'frcGJi,f(2)yg rdbrsm;rS arG;zGm;jcif;r[kwfaom EdkifiHom;tjzpf ouf
qdkif&mu owfrSwfjcif;?
(q) yk'fr(10)/ yk'frcGJ(q) odk@r[kwf (Z) yg yk*~dKvf odk@r[kwf tzGJ@tpnf;.tzGJ@0ifjzpfa=umif;/
oufqdkif&m w&m;¶Hk;. qHk;jzwfcH&jcif;?
(Z) yk'fr(10)/ yk'frcGJ(ps)/ (n) odk@r[kwf (É) yg yk*~dKvf odk@r[kwf tzGJ@tpnf;w&yf. tzGJ@
tpnf;0ifjzpfa=umif;/ a¶G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@. qHk;jzwfcH&jcif;?
(ps) yk'fr(10)/ yk'frcGJ(X)yg 0efxrf;jzpfa=umif;/ oufqdkif&m 0efxrf;tzGJ@tpnf;t}uD;tuJu
ta=umif;=um;jcif;?
tcef; (6)
rJpm&if;ðypkjcif;
12? (u) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf&ef rJqENe,ftoD;oD;twGuf qENrJ

ay;ykdifcGifh&Sdolrsm;. rJpm&if;ukd aumfr&Sifu ðypk&rnf/
(c) rJpm&if;rsm;ðypkjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;I aumfr&Sifonf aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;udk wm0efay;I aqmif
&GufapEdkifonf?
13? (u) TOya'ygjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhqef@usifaom EkdifiHom;/ {!fhEdkifiHom;/ EkdifiHom;ðycGifh&olwkdif;

onf rJqENe,fwe,fwGifaexkdifolvnf;jzpfI a&G;aumufyGJpwifusif;yonfhae@wGif touf
wpfq,fh&SpfESpfjynfholvnf;jzpfv#if &yfuGufodk@r[kwfau|;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJu oufqkdif
&mrJpm&if;Y xnfhoGif;azmfjy&rnf/
(c) wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ EkdifiHjyifywGifa&muf&Sdaeaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf. oHtzGJ@
0ifrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm; oH¶kH;tzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;/ ynmawmfoifrsm;ESifh
tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;/ udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;/ tpkd;&.cGifhðycsufjzifh
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EdkifiHjyifywGifa&muf&Sdaeolrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;udk &yfuGufokd@r[kwf au|;&Gmtkyfpk aumf
r&SiftzGJ@cGJu owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; oufqkdif&mrJpm&if;Y xnfhoGif;azmfjy&rnf?
14? (u) rJqENe,fwpfe,f. rJpm&if;wGif trnfyg0ifaomEkdifiHom;/ {nfhEkdifiHom;/ EkdifiHom;ðycGifh&

olwkdif;onf ,if;rJqENe,fwGifom qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&Sdonf?
(c) qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&SdolwpfOD;onf rJqENe,fwpfe,f.rJpm&if;rS tjcm;rJqENe,f.rJpm&if;odk@
ckdifvkHaomta=umif;jycsufjzifh trnfajymif;a&$@vkdv#if owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; oufqkdif&m
aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ av#mufxm;Ekdifonf/
(*) rJqENe,frsm;&Sd qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&Sdol rnfolrqkd oufqkdif&mrJqENe,f. rJpm&if;wpftckrS ty
tjcm;rJqENe,f.rJpm&if;rsm;Y wpfcsdefwnf;wGif trnfpm;&ifyg0ifjcif;r&Sdap&?
15? rJqENe,ftvkduf a&G;aumufyGJrusif;yrD qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&&Sdolrsm;. trnfpm&if;ukd owfrSwf

xm;onfhtwkdif; óudwifa=unm&rnf?
16? (u) TOya't& qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&SdolwpfOD;onf oufqkdif&mrJpm&if;wGif rdrdtrnfyg0ifjcif;r&Sd

v#if oufqkdif&m&yfuGuf odk@r[kwf au|;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ rdrdtrnfxnfhoGif;ay; &ef
owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; awmif;qkdv$mukdwifoGif;Ekdifonf/
(c) oufqkdif&m&yfuGuf odk@r[kwf au|;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJu trnfxnfhoGif;ay;jcif;
r&SdcJ@v#if owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdfif; òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ t,lcHcGifh&Sdonf? ,if;aumfr&Sif
tzGJ@cGJ.qkH;jzwfcsufonf yk'fr 45 yg jyXmef;csufrsm;rSwpfyg; t+yD;jywfjzpfap&rnf?
17? (u) rJpm&if;wGif ,if;rJqENe,fY qENrJay;ykdifcGifhr&SdolwpfOD;. trnfyg0ifaea=umif; ,if;rJpm

&if;Yyg0ifolwpfOD;u uef@uGufvkdv#if oufqkdif&m &yfuGuf odk@r[kwf au|;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&Sif
tzGJ@cGJodk@ owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; uef@uGufv$mwifoGif;Edkifonf/
(c) oufqkdif&m&yfuGuf odk@r[kwf au|;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJu ,if;trnfudk rJpm&if;rS
y,fzsufay;jcif;r&SdcJhv#if owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@odk@ t,lcHcGifh&Sdonf?
,if;aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ. qkH;jzwfcsufonf yk'fr 45 ygjyXmef;csufrsm;rSwpfyg; t+yD;tjywfjzpfap
&rnf/
(*) òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJY t,lcHr_r+yD;jywfao;aomfvnf; rJpm&if;wGiftrnfyg&Sd+yD;jzpfaom
oltm; rJray;&[krwm;jrpf&? ,if;tcGifhta&;t& ay;+yD;jzpfaomqENrJonfvnf; w&m;0if
jzpfap&rnf?
18? rJpm&if;wGifyg0ifcGifh&SdvsufESifh yg0ifjcif;r&Sda=umif;awG@&Sdv#if xkdtrnfrsm;udk aemufqufwGJrJpm&if; wGif

xnfhoGif;ay;jcif; okd@r[kwf rJpm&if;wGifygcGifhr&SdbJyg0ifa=umif;awG@&Sdv#if xkdtrnfrsm;udk rJpm&if;rS
y,fzsufay;jcif;udk aumfr&SifESifhaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJtqifhqifhwkd@u aqmif&Guf&rnf?
tcef; (7)
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; trnfpm&if;wifoGif;jcif; ESifh

a¶G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,f cef@xm;jcif;
- 322 -
19? a&G;aumufyGJwGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifvkdolwpfOD;onf owfrSwf
xm;onfhtwkdif; oufqkdif&mòrd@e,fpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ trnfpm&if;wifoGif;&rnf?
20? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;wOD;onf w+ydKifwnf; rJqENe,fwe,fxufydkI trnfpm&if;

wifoGif;cGifhr¶Sdap&?
21? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;ol. trnfpm&if;wifoGif;v$m

onf owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifhnD!Gwfjcif; ¶Sdr¶Sd/ vufcH&efoifhroifhudk owfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; oufqdkif&m
òrd@e,fpkaumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJu pdppf&rnf?
22? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;olwpfOD;onf owfrSwfxm;onfh

twkdif; rdrd.trnfpm&if;wifoGif;v$mudk ¶kyfodrf;cGifh&Sdonf?
23? yk'fr(21) t& oufqdkif&m òrd@e,fpkaumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJu pdppfonfhtcsdefwGif ² ² ²

(u) oufqdkif&m v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;olonf rdrd
wifjyvdkaom taxmuftxm;rsm;udk wifjycGifh¶Sdonf?
(c) oufqdkif&m v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;olonf a¶G;
aumufwifajr‡mufcHydkifcGifhr¶Sda=umif;/ odk@r[kwf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufydkifcGifht&nftcsif;rsm; ESifh
jynfhpHkjcif;r¶Sda=umif;udk a¶G;aumufyGJwGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh¶SdolwOD;OD;u vHkavmufaom t
axmuftxm;rsm;wifjyI owfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; uef@uGufEdkifonf?
24? oufqdkif&m òrd@e,fpkaumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJonf owfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; pdppf+yD;aemuf atmufyg

trdef@w&yf&yfudk csrSwfEdkifonf ² ² ²
(u) oufqdkif&m v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;oltm; a¶G;
aumufwifajr‡mufcHydkifcGifh¶Sdo!fh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf owfrSwfa=unmjcif;?
(c) oufqdkif&m v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;oltm; a¶G;
aumufwifajr‡mufcHykdifcGifhr¶Sdoltjzpf owfrSwfa=unmjcif;?
25? yk'fr(24)t& csrSwfonfhtrdef@udkrauseyfolonf oufqdkif&m jynfe,f odk@r[kwf wdkif;aumf

r¶SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ owfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; t,lcHcGifh¶Sdonf? ,if; jynfe,f odk@r[kwf wdkif; aumfr¶Sif
tzGJ@cGJ.qHk;jzwfcsufonf yk'fr(45)yg jyXmef;csufrsm;rSwpfyg; t+yD;tjywfjzpfap&rnf?
26? a&G;aumufyGJtwGuf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,af vmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;xm;olonf

owfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; rdrdukd,fukdjzpfap/ tjcm;olwpfOD;udkjzpfap rdrd.a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,f tjzpf
cef@xm;&rnf?
27? (u) TOya't& v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHykdifcGifh t&nftcsif; ESifh

jynfpkHoludkomv#if a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfcef@xm;&rnf? ,if;okd@cef@xm;&mwGif xkdol.
oabmwlnDcsufjzifhom cef@xm;&rnf/
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(c) yk'frcGJ(u)t& cef@xm;onfha&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,f EkwfxGufv#ifjzpfap/ uG,fvGefv#if
jzpfap/ a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS ¶kyfodrf;cH&v#ifjzpfap v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
avmif;onf a¶G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS.ftjzpf tjcm;olwpfOD;tm; xyfrHcef@xm;Ekdifonf?
tcef; (8)
qENrJay;jcif;
28? aumfr¶Sifonf ² ² ²
(u) a&G;aumufyGJrsm;udkjzpfEkdifoa&$@ wpfòydifeuf wpfae@wnf;usif;y&rnf/

(c) a&G;aumufyGJrsm;udk jzpfEkdifoa&$@ trsm;jynfolwkd@. tvkyfydwf&ufwGifusif;y&rnf/
(*) a&G;aumufyGJusif;yrnfhae&ufudk óudwifIowfrSwfa=unm&rnf?
29? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk oufqdkif&mrJqENe,frsm;wGif aexkdif=uaom qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdol rsm;u

v#dK@0SufqENrJjzifh wkduf¶dkufa&G;aumufwifajr‡muf&rnf?
30? aumfr&Sifonf &yfuGufESifhau|;&Gmtkyfpktvkdufxm;&Sdrnfh rJ¶kHta&twGufudk qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&SdolOD;

a&ESifh a'otajctaeudkrlwnfI oifhavsmfovkdowfrSwfEkdifonf odk@r[kwf jynfe,f okd@r[kwf wkdif;
aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;tm; wm0efay;tyfEkdifonf? òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;tm; rJ¶kHae&mrsm;owfrSwf&ef
wm0efay;tyfEkdifonf?
31? rJ¶kHrsm;udk trsm;jynfolwkd@ tvG,fwulvma&mufqENrJay;Ekdifaomae&mrsm;Y v#dK@0SufqENrJay;r_

udkrxdcdkufap&ef vkHòcHpGmpDpOfxm;&Sd&rnf? rJ¶kHrsm;wnf&Sdonfhae&mudk trsm;jynfolwkd@od&Sdap&ef óudwif
a=unm&rnf?
32? rJqENe,ftoD;oD;&SdrJ¶kHrsm;udk }uD;=uyfuGufuJ&ef oufqkdif&mòrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJu ² ² ²
(u) 0efxrf;rsm;xJrS oifhavsmfolrsm;udk rJ¶kHr–;rsm;tjzpfcef@tyf&rnf/

(c) rJ¶kHtzGJ@rsm;udk jzpfEkdifoa&$@ 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwdk@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif;
cH&aom EkdifiHom;/ {nfhEkdfifiHom; odk@r[kwf EkdifiHom;ðycGifh&olrsm;jzifh owfrSwfxm;onfh twkdif;
zGJ@pnf;wm0efay;tyf&rnf/
(*) rJ¶kHtzGJ@rsm;ESifh rJ¶kHr–;rsm;. wm0efESifhvkyfykdifcGifhrsm;udk enf;Oya'rsm;jzifhowfrSwfay;&rnf?
33? a&G;aumufyGJusif;yonfhae@wGif rdrda&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHrnfh rJqENe,ftwGif;&Sd rJ¶kHtoD;oD;Y

rdrdudk,fpm;aqmif&GufEkdif&ef v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;toD;oD;onf rJ¶kHudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;ESifh
tuludk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;pDudk owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; cef@xm;Ekdifonf? ,if;rJ¶kHukd,fpm;vS,fESifh
tulukd,fpm;vS,fwkd@onf qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&Sdolrsm; jzpfap&rnf?
- 324 -
34? (u) rJqENe,fwpfe,fwGif a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHrnfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; wpfOD;
wnf;om&Sdv#if ,if;rJqENe,ftwGif a&G;aumufyGJusif;yjcif;rðyawmhbJ xkdyk*d~Kvftm;
v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fjzpfa=umif; aumfr&Sifu a=unm&rnf/
(c) rJqENe,fwpfe,fwGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,af vmif; wpfOD;xufydkI&SdcJhv#if rJykH;ESifh
qENrJvufrSwfrsm;ukd enf;Oya'rsm;jzifhowfrSwxf m;onfhtwkdif; ðyvkyfpDpOfI qENrJay;ap
&rnf?
35? a&G;aumufyGJusif;yonfhae@wGif rJ¶kHrsm;udk eHeuf 6 em&DrS nae 4 em&Dtxd zGifhvSpfxm;&rnf?

odk@&mwGif qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&Sdoltm;vkH; qENrJay;+yD;ygu rJ¶kHrsm;ukd nae 4 em&DxufapmI ydwfEkdifonf?
36? qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&Sdolrsm;onf oufqkdif&mrJ¶kHtoD;oD;Y qENrJvufrSwfrsm;udk udk,fwkdifvma&muf

xkwf,l&rnf? oufqkdif&mrJykH;twGif;odk@ ,if;qENrJvufrSwfudk udk,fwkdifxnf&h rnf? rnfolr# udk,fpm;
vS,fapv$wfI qENrJay;jcif;rðy&?
37? qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&SdolwpfOD;onf a&G;aumufyGJwpfckwGif ² ² ²
(u) qENrJwpfrJom ay;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/

(c) wpf}udrfxufydkI qENrJay;ykdifcGifhr&Sdap&?
38? (u) oufqkdif&mrJqENe,fjyifyodk@a&mufaeaom wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ ausmif;om;rsm;/

oifwef;om;rsm;/ 0efxrf;rsm;/ tcsKyfcHae&olrsm;/ aq¶kH&SdtwGif;vlemrsm;onf óudwifqENrJ
vufrSwfjzifh oufqkdfif&mrJqENe,ftwGuf qENrJay;Ekdfif&ef oufqkdif&m òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@u
pDpOfay;&rnf/
(c) qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&SdolwpfOD;onf a&G;aumufyGJusif;yonfhae@wGif rdrdtrnfpm&if;yg0ifaom
rJqENe,frSausmfvGefI c&D;a0;oGm;vm&ef&Sdv#if óudwifqENrJvufrSwfjzifh qENrJay;ekdif&ef
oufqkdif&m &yfuGuf odk@r[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cJGu pDpOfay;&rnf/
(*) rJqENe,ftwGif;&Sdaomfvnf; atmufygta=umif;wckcka=umifh rJ¶kHodk@udk,fwkdfifvma&muf
qENrJray;Ekdifolrsm;onf qENrJay;vkdv#if óudwifqENrJvufrSwfjzifh qENrJay;Ekdif&ef owfrSwf
xm;onfhtwdkif; oufqkdif&m &yfuGuf odk@r[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJu pDpOfay;& rnf ² ²
²
(1) tem}uD;a&m*gpGJuyfaejcif;/
(2) a&m*ga0'emjyif;xefpGmcHpm;ae&jcif;/
(3) touft&G,f}uD;&ifhaejcif;/
(4) aetdrfwGifrD;zGm;aejcif;/
(5) &JtcsKyfpcef; odk@r[kwf tusOf;pcef;wGif tcsKyfcHae&jcif;/
(6) aq;¶kHY twGif;vlemtjzpf aq;0g;ukor_cH,lae&jcif;/
(7) 0efxrf; odk@r[kwf wyfawmfom; odk@r[kwf &JwyfzGJ@0ifwpfOD;onf rJpm&if;yg&Sd&ma'orS
ausmfvGefI oGm;a&mufwm0efxrf;aqmif&jcif;?
(C) óudwifqENrJvufrSwf odk@r[kwf qENrJvufrSwfwGif rdrdudk,fwkdifa&;oGif;&ef tcuftcJ&Sd
olrsm;twGuf qENðy&rnfhenf;vrf;udk enf;Oya'rsm;jzifh owfrSwfay;&rnf?
- 325 -
39? (u) a&G;aumufyGJusif;yonfhtcsdefY EkdifiHjyifywGifa&muf&Sdaeaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH awmf.
oHtzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;/ oH¶kH;tzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;/ ynm awmfoifrsm;ESifh
tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;/ udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;/ tpkd; &.cGifhðycsufjzifh
EkdifiHjyifywGifa&muf&Sdaeaomolrsm;ESifh tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;u oufqkdif&m rJqENe,frsm;twGuf
óudwifIqENrJay;Ekdif&ef aumfr&Sifu pDpOfay;&rnf/
(c) EkdifiHjyifywGifa&muf&Sdaeaom qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdolrsm;u óudwifIqENrJay;Ekdfifa&;twGuf
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&/ EkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xmeu wm0ef,lqufoG,faqmif&Gufay;
&rnf?
tcef; (9)
qENrJa&wGufjcif;ESifh twnfðya=unmjcif;
40? (u) &yfuGuf odk@r[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJonf rdrdESifhoufqkdifaomrJ¶kHtoD;oD;ESifh

ywfoufonfh yk'fr 38 yk'frcGJ (c)ESifh(*)wdk@t& qENðyxm;aom óudwifqENrJvufrSwfrsm;ESifh
trnfpm&if;rsm;ukd a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaomae@wGif rJ¶kHrzGifhrD oufqkdif&mrJ¶kHr–;.vuf0,fodk@
ta&mufay;ykd@&rnf/
(c) oufqkdif&mrJqENe,ftvkduf qENrJvufrSwfrsm;udk qENrJay;jcif; +yD;jywfv#if+yD;jywfcsif; rJ¶kHr–

;udk,fwkdfifjzpfap/ ,if;uwm0efay;tyfaom rJ¶kHtzGJ@0ifujzpfap rJ¶HkwGifyif rJ¶kHtzGJ@0ifrsm;/
trsm;jynfolrsm;/ rJ¶kHudk,fpm;vS,frsm;a&S@arSmufY a&wGuf&rnf? qENrJrsm;a&wGuf&mwGif
ckdfifvkHaomqENrJESifh rckdifvkHaomqENrJrsm;udk enf;Oya'rsm;ESifhtnDcGJjcm;I a&wGuf&rnf?
a&wGuf&&SdaomtqENrJta&twGufudk owfrSwfonfhtwdkif; pm&if;ðypk+yD; qENrJpm&if;Z,m;
rsm;ukd òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ ay;ydk@&rnf? rdwWLwpfapmifudk &yfuGuf odk@r[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpk
aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ ay;ydk@&rnf?
(*) &yfuGuf odk@r[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJonf rdrde,fajrtwGif;&Sd rJ¶kHr–;rsm;u owf

rSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; ðypkxm;aomqENrJpm&if;Z,m;rsm;udk òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ tcsdefrD
a&muf&Sdap&ef tjrefqkH;ay;ydk@a&;twGuf vkdtyfovkd}uD;=uyfaqmif&Guf&rnf/
(C) òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;onf a&G;aumufyGJusif;yonfhae@ nae 4 em&DrwdkifrD rdrdvuf

0,fodk@a&muf¶Sdaeaom yk'fr 38 yk'frcGJ(u)ESifh yk'fr 39 yk'frcGJ(u)wkd@t& qENðyxm;onfh
óudwifqENrJvufrSwfrsm;udk v$wfawmfudkf,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm; odk@r[kwf ,if;wdk@.
a¶G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh trsm;jynfola&S@arSmufYa&wGuf+yD; oufqdkif&mqENrJpm&if;
Z,m;rsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; v$wfawmfrJqENe,fwpfe,fpDtwGuf aygif;¶kH;pkpnf;& rnf?
41? (u) òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJonf rJqENe,fwpfe,fwGif a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHrnfh v$wfawmf

udk,fpm;vS,favmif; wpfOD;xufydkI&SdcJhv#if ,if;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;toD;oD;&&Sd aom
qENrJta&twGufudk a=unm&rnf? qENrJtrsm;qkH;&&Sdoludk a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&ol tjzpf
aumfr&SifuowfrSwfa=unmEkdif&efvnf;aumif;/ qENrJta&twGufwlnDaev#if
- 326 -
a&G;aumufyGJxyfrHusif;yEkdifa&;twGufvnf;aumif; òrd@e,fpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ tjrefqkH;wifjy
&rnf?
(c) òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ. yk'frcGJ(u)t& wifjycsufudk&&Sdv#if òrd@e,fpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJonf

rdrdwkd@.oabmxm;rSwfcsufESifhtwl aumfr&Sio f dk@ tjrefqkH;qufvufwifjy&rnf? rdwWLwpf
apmifudk jynfe,f odk@r[kwf wkdif;aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@wifjy&rnf?
(*) aumfr&Sifonf òrd@e,faumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJ. yk'frcGJ(c)ESifhtnD ay;ydk@onfhpm&if;rsm;t&

a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oludk a=unm&rnf? qENrJta&twGufwlnDaea=umif; yk'frcGJ(u)
t&wifjyvmv#if a&G;aumufyGJxyfrHusif;ya&;ESifh pyfvsOf;I aumfr&Sifu!$ef=um;onfh twkdif;
òrd@e,fpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJonf enf;Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Gufay;&rnf? trsm;qkH; &&Sdaom
qENrJta&twGufwlnDaeojzifh a&G;aumufyGJxyfrHusif;yay;&efjzpfv#if xkdqENrJwlnD aeolrsm;
omv#if ,SOfòydifa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHydkifcGifh&Sdonf?
tcef; (10)
aumfr¶Sif.vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;
42? aumfr¶Sifonf ² ² ²
(u) obm0ab;tEW&m,fwpfckcka=umifh a¶G;aumufyGJrusif;yEdkifaom rJqENe,frsm;wGif ,if;

ab;tEW&m,fuif;¶Sif;+yD;onftxd/ a¶G;aumufyGJudka¶$@qdkif;Edkifonf?
(c) rJqENe,fwpfe,fY a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;twGuf rJpm&if;ðypk&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrJay;
&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ vHk+cHKr_tajctaer¶Sdv#if ,if;rJqENe,ftwGufa¶G;aumufyGJudk a¶$@qdkif;Edkif
onf?
(*) v$wfawmfrJqENe,fwpfe,fwGifyg0ifaom tcsdK@a'orsm;Y a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;y&ef tajc
tae¶Sd+yD;/ tcsdK@a'orsm;Y a¶G;aumufyGJusif;y&ef tajctaer¶Sdv#if a¶G;aumufyGJusif;y&ef tajc
tae¶Sdaoma'orsm;Y a¶G;aumufyGJusif;y&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ a¶G;aumufyGJusif;y&ef tajc
taer¶Sdaoma'orsm;Y a¶G;aumufyGJusif;yjcif;rðy&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ rJ¶Hkrsm;udk vHk+cHKr_¶Sdaom
ae&mrsm;odk@ ajymif;a¶$@usif;y&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ qHk;jzwfEdkifonf? odk@&mwGif rJpm&if;t& rJqEN
¶Siftm;vHk;.(51)&mcdkifE_ef;u qENrJay;+yD;jzpfv#if xajrmufaom a¶G;aumufyGJtjzpf owfrSwfEdkif
onf? vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom a¶G;aumufyGJusif;y&efrjzpfEdkif[k aumfr¶Sifu,lqv#if ,if;
rJqENe,fwpfe,fvHk;.a¶G;aumufyGJudk a¶$@qdkif;Edkifonf?
43? a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;a¶$@qdkif;jcif;/ rJ¶Hkrsm;udkvHk+cHKr_¶Sdaomae&mrsm;odk@ ajymif;a¶$@usif;yjcif;ESifh pyfv#Of;

onfhvkyfydkifcGifhudk aumfr¶Sifu aumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJtoD;oD;odk@ oifhav#mfovdkv$JtyfEdkifonf?
44? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; wpfOD;om¶Sdonfh/ rJqENe,fwpfe,fwGif a¶G;aumufyGJrusif; yrD/

,if;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; uG,fvGefv#ifjzpfap/ a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHydkifcGifhr¶Sda=umif; awG@¶Sd
v#ifjzpfap ,if;rJqENe,ftwGuf a¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;ESifhpyfv#Of;I v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;
trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfhtqifhrSpI jyefvnfaqmif¶Guf&rnf?
- 327 -
45? a¶G;aumufyGJudpPtwGuf aumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJtoD;oD;. a¶G;aumufyGJqdkif&m aqmif¶Gufcsuf/ qHk;
jzwfcsufrsm;ESifhpyfv#Of;I aumfr¶Sifonf rdrd.oabmqENtav#muf oufqdkif&mtr_wGJ/ pm¶Gufpm
wrf;rsm;udk awmif;ac:=unfh¶_I vdktyfovdktqHk;tjzwfcsrSwfEdkifonf? ,if;qHk;jzwfcsufonf t+yD;
tjywfjzpfap&rnf?
46? aumfr¶Sifonf vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waoma¶G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEdkifa&;twGuf

vdktyfovdkaqmif¶GufEdkifonf?
tcef; (11)
a¶G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh ukefusp&dwfrsm;
47? a¶G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fonf oufqdkif&ma¶G;aumufyGJtwGuf a&G;aumufyGJqkdif&mukefus

p&dwfrsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; pepfwusxdef;odrf;xm;&Sd&rnf? ,if;ukefusp&dwfpm&if;ukd owf
rSwfxm;onfhenf;vrf;ESifhtnD oufqkdif&mòrd@e,fpkaumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@ wifjy&rnf?
48? a&G;aumufyGJtwGuf ukefusp&dwftrsm;qkH; E_ef;xm;onfvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJESifhpyfvsOf;I

v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;twGuf tca=u;aiGjzifhaqmif&GufolOD;a&onfvnf;aumif;/ enf;Oya'
rsm;jzifh owfrSwfonfhtwkdif;jzpfonf?
tcef; (12)
a¶G;aumufyGJqdkif&m jypfr_rsm;ESifh jypf'%frsm;
49? (u) a&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif yk*~dKvfwpfOD;. qENrJay;ykdifcGifhESifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHydkifcGifhwkd@udk

usifhokH;jcif;rðyEkdifap&ef t=urf;zufjcif;/ +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;/ ravsmf=oZmokH;jcif;/ vdrfvnfvSnfh
jzm;jcif;/ vmbfay;jcif; odk@r[kwf vmbf,ljcif;wkd@udk rnfolr#rðy&/
(c) rnfolrqkd yk'frcGJ(u)ygwm;jrpfcsufwpfckckudk azmufzsufusL;vGefjcif;a=umifh jypfr_xif
&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%fwpfESpftxdjzpfap/ usyfESpfaxmiftxdaiG'%fudkjzpfap/ jypf'%f
ESpf&yfvkH;udkjzpfap uscHap&rnf?
50? rnfolr# atmufygwm;jrpfcsufwpf&yf&yfudk azmufzsufusL;vGefjcif;rðy&/ azmufzsufusL;vGef a=umif;

jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%fwpfESpftxdjzpfap/ usyfESpfaxmiftxdaiG'%fudkjzpfap/
jypf'%fESpf&yfvkH;udkjzpfap uscHap&rnf ² ² ²
(u) a&G;aumufr_qkdif&mtcGifhta&;udk rw&m;ojzifh&&Sdap&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ ,if;tcGifh

ta&;udk&&SdcJhjcif;twGuf aus;Zl;wkH@jyefonfhtaejzifhaomfvnf;aumif;/ aiG/ ukefypPnf;/ tpm;
taomuf/ &mxl;/ tvkyftudkifae&majymif;a&$@r_ponfh enf;vrf;wpfckckudktokH;ðyvsuf
vmbfay;jcif;/ vmbf,ljcif;/
- 328 -
(c) a&G;aumufr_qkdif&mtcGifhta&;udk vGwfvyfpGmrusifhokH;Ekdifap&ef v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
avmif;wpfOD;OD;ukdaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrJay;ykdifcGifh&SdolwpfOD;OD;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ +cdrf;
ajcmufjcif;/
(*) vlrsdK;a&;udkjzpfap/ bmoma&;udkjzpfap ta=umif;jyI qENrJay;&efaomfvnf;aumif;/

qENrJray;&efaomfvnf;aumif; ajymqkdjcif;/ a[majymjcif;/ a=unmcsufxkwfjyefjcif;ESifh ,if;
odk@ðyvkyf&eftm;ay;v_H@aqmfjcif;/
(C) qENrJay;jcif;udkysufjym;ap&ef v_H@aqmfajym=um;jcif;/ pnf;a0;a[majymjcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/

jzef@csdjcif;/ ydkpwmrsm;tokH;ðyjcif;?
51? rnfolr# atmufygwm;jrpfcsufwpf&yf&yfudk azmufzsufusL;vGefjcif; odk@r[kwf tjcm;olwpfOD;OD; tm;

azmufzsufusL;vGefap&ef tm;ay;ulnDjcif;rðy&/ azmufzsufusL;vGefa=umif; odk@r[kwf azmufzsuf
usL;vGef&eftm;ay;ulnDa=umif; jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if xkdoltm; axmif'%f 6 vtxdjzpfap/
us,fwpfaxmiftxd aiG'%fukdjzpfap/ jypf'%fESpf&yfvkH;udkjzpfap uscHap&rnf ² ² ²
(u) aumfr&SifESifh aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;u xkwjf yefxm;aom pm&if;/ ta=umif;=um;pm odk@r [kwf

tjcm;pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;ukd r¶kd;ajzmifhaomoabmjzifh zwfr&atmifðyvkyfjcif;/ odk@r[kwf
zsufqD;jcif;/
(c) rJpm&if;ukdaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrJvufrSwfudkaomfvnf;aumif;/ pmwkdufrSwpfqifh
ay;ydk@&mwGif tokH;ðyaom pmtdwf odk@r[kwf txkyfudkaomfvnf;aumif;/ vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;
vkdaomoabmjzifh zsufqD;jcif; odk@r[kwf ,if;wdk@wGif a&;oGif;xm;csufrsm;udk zwfr&atmif
ðyvkyfjcif;/
(*) qENrJvufrSwfudk roraomenf;jzifh tjcm;olwpfOD;tm; ay;jcif;/
(C) xnfhcGifh&Sdaom qENrJvufrSwfrSty tjcm;ypPnf;wpfckckudk rJykH;twGif;odk@ xnfhoGif;jcif;/
(i) tokH;ðyqJjzpfaom rJykH;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ qENrJvufrSwfudkaomfvnf;aumif; tcGifh
tm%mr&SdbJ zGifhvSpfjcif; odk@r[kwf zsufqD;jcif;/
(p) a&G;aumufyGJwGif rJqENe,fwpfe,fxufydkaom rJqENe,frsm;twGuf qENrJay;jcif;/
(q) a&G;aumufyGJwpfckckwGif rJqENe,fwpfe,ftwGuf wpf}udrfxufydkI qENrJay;jcif;/
(Z) olwpfyg;[efaqmifI qENrJvufrSwfudk vma&mufawmif;qkdjcif;/ qENrJay;jcif;/
(ps) a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaepOf rJ¶kHtwGi;f odk@ 0ifcGifhr&SdbJ 0ifa&mufjcif;/
(n) twkðyvkyfxm;aom qENrJvufrSwfwpfckckudkjzpfap/ trsm;ukdjzpfap rJykH;twGif;odk@ xnfh
oGif;jcif;?
52? rnfolrqkd a&G;aaumufyGJusif;yonfhae@wGif qENrJay;ydkifcGifh&SdolwpfOD;OD;udk qENrJray;Ekdifatmif

aESmifh,Sufa=umif;/ odk@r[kwf aESmifh,Suf&eftm;ay;ulnaD =umif;/ jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif '%f
6 vtxdjzpfap/ usyfwpfaxmiftxd aiG'%fudkjzpfap/ jypf'%fESpf&yfvkH;udkjzpfap uscHap&rnf?
53? (u) rnfolr# rJay;onfhae@wGif rJ¶kHtwGi;f Yjzpfap/ rJ¶kHrSudkufwpf&mtuGmtwGif;Yjzpfap

atmufygwpfckckudk rðyvkyf& ² ² ²
- 329 -
(1) rJqG,fjcif;/
(2) rJqEN&SifwpfOD;OD;tm; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;wpfOD;OD;udk rJay;&efawmif;qkdjcif;/
(3) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmifwpfOD;OD;udk rJray;&efaomfvnfaumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJYrJay;
&efaomfvnf;aumif;/ rJray;bJae&efaomfvnf;aumif; wkdufwGef;aoG;aqmifjcif;?
&Sif;vif;csuf? Tyk'frygudpPtvkd@iSm rJ¶kHwpfyg; tjcm;ae&mrsm;wGif a&G;aumufyGJESifh
oufqdkfifonfh a=umfjim/ pm&Gufpmwrf; ponfwkd@uyfxm;jcif;/ csdwfqGJxm;jcif; ryg0if?
(c) rnfolrqkd yk'frcGJ(u)ygwm;jrpfcsufwpf&yf&yfudk azmufzsufusL;vGefa=umif; jypfr_xif&Sm;

pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f 6 vtxdjzpfap/ usyfwpfaxmiftxd aiG'%fjzpfap/ jypf'%fESpf&yf
vkH;ukdjzpfap uscHap&rnf?
54? aumfr¶SiftzGJ@cGJtqifhqifhtygt0if a¶G;aumufyGJESifhoufqdkifonfh wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk xrf;

aqmifaomyk*~dKvfonf atmufygjyXmef;csufrsm;udk vdkufemaqmif¶Guf&rnf? ,if;jyXmef;csufwpf&yf&yf udk
azmufzsufusL;vGefa=umif;/ jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f(6)vtxdjzpfap/ usyfwpf
axmiftxdaiG'%fudkjzpfap/ jypf'%f(2)&yfvHk;udkjzpfap uscHap&rnf ² ² ²
(u) a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;ESifhoufqdkifaom pm&if;Z,m;ESifh rSwfwrf;rsm;udk wduspGmðypkxdef;odrf; jcif;?
(c) v#dK@0SufqENrJay;jcif;udk ulnDapmifha¶Smufjcif;?
(*) aumfr¶Sifu xkwfjyefcGifhðyaom pm&if;tcsuftvufrsm;rSwpfyg; tjcm;udpPrsm;ESifhpyf v#Of;I
ayguf=um;jcif;r¶Sdap&ef apmifhxdef;jcif;?
(C) a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;wpfOD;OD;twGuf rSefrSefuefuef
aqmif¶Gufjcif;/ rnfonfhv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;twGufr# rJrqG,fjcif;/ bufrvdkuf jcif;?
55? (u) rJqENe,ftwGif; qENrJay;onfhae@wGif bmoma&;ESifhpyfvsOf;onfhudpPrSty rnfolr#

trsm;jynfolwufa&mufEkdifaom tpnf;ta0;zdwfac:jcif;/ usif;yjcif;rðy&? ,if;uJhodk@ tpnf;
ta0;rsdK;udkvnf; wufa&mufjcif;rðy&?
(c) rnfolrqkd yk'frcGJ(u)ygwm;jrpfcsufudk azmufzsufusL;vGefa=umif; jypfr_xif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH& v#if
axmif'%f 6 vtxdjzpfap/ usyfwpfaxmiftxdaiG'%fudkjzpfap/ jypf'%fESpf&yfvkH;udk jzpfap
uscHap&rnf?
56? (u) rnfolr# qENrJay;onfhae@wGif qENrJay;&efvma&mufolrsm; pdwfòidjiifap&ef odk@r[kwf

rJ¶kHwGifwm0efusaom rJ¶kHr–;ESifhrJ¶kHtzGJ@0ifrsm; 0wW&m;aqmif&Gufjcif;udk taESmifht,Sufjzpfap &ef
rJ¶kHtwGif;Yjzpfap/ rJ¶kHrSudkufig;&mtwGif;Yjzpfap/ toHcsJ@puftp&Sdaom vl.toHukdus,f
atmifðyvkyfonfh ud&d,mwefqmokH;pGJjcif;/ atmf[pfjcif;tp&Sdaom pnf;urf;rJhonfh tðytrl
rsm;rðy&/
(c) rnfolrqkd yk'frcGJ(u)yg wm;jrpfcsufwpfckckudk azmufzsufusL;vGefa=umif; jypfr_xif&Sm;
pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f 6 vtxdjzpfap/ usyfwpfaxmiftxdaiG'%fudkjzpfap/ jypf'%f
57? (u) rnfolrqkd rJ¶kHwGifqENrJay;&ef owfrSwfxm;aomtcsdefem&DtwGif; rJ¶kHYrzG,fr&maom

tr_udkðyv#if odk@r[kwf rJ¶kHr–;u rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;t& ay;onfhtrdef@udk remcHv#if xkdoludk rJ¶kHr–
;.trdef@jzifhaomfvnf;aumif;/ rJ¶kHr–;.tcGifhtm%m& rJ¶kHtzGJ@0ifwpfOD;.trdef@jzifhaomf
- 330 -
vnf;aumif; wm0efusjynfol@&JwyfzGJ@0if okd@r[kwf tjcm;vkHòcHa&;wm0ef&Sdolu rJ¶kHrSz,f&Sm;
ypf&rnf/
(c) rJ¶kHrSz,f&Sm;jcif;cH&olonf rJ¶kHr–;.cGifhðycsufr&&SdbJ rJ¶kHokd@jyef0ifvmjcif;a=umifh jypfr_xif
&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&v#if axmif'%f 6 vtxdjzpfap/ usyfwpfaxmiftxdaiG'%fudkjzpfap/ jypf'%f
58? yk'fr 54 t&jypf'%fxkdufaomjypfr_udk aumfr&Sif odk@r[kwf aumfr&Sifr&Sdawmhv#if tpdk;&.cGifhðyrdef@

odk@r[kwf TudpPtvkd@iSm tpdk;&utcGifhtm%mv$Jtyfxm;onfhyk*~dKvf. cGifhðyrdef@&&SdrSom w&m;pGJqkd
&rnf?
59? rnfolrqdk a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;qkdif&m jypfrr_ sm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I vdrfvnfpGyfpGJwkdfifwef;a=umif;

jypfr_xif;&SmpD&ifjcif;cHv#if xkdolukd axmif'%f 6 vtxdjzpfap/ usyfwpfaxmiftxdaiG'%fudkjzpfap/
jypf'%fESpf&yfvkH;udkjzpfap uscHap&rnf?
60? wpfOD;wpfa,mufaomolonf TOya'wGifjyXmef;xm;onfh jypfr_wpfckckudk usL;vGefonf odk@r[kwf

usL;vGefqJjzpfonfudkawG@&Sdv#if rJ¶kHr–;onf xkdoludkzrf;qD;&ef wm0efusjynfol@&JwyfzGJ@0if odk@r[kwf
tjcm;vkHòcHa&;wm0ef&Sdoltm; trdef@ay;Ekdifonf?
61? a&G;aumufyGJr_qkdfif&m jypfr_rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I oufqkdif&mrJqENe,fwGif rJqENay;ykdifcGifh&Sdol wpfOD;OD;

ujzpfap/ v$wfawmfudkf,fpm;vS,favmif; odk@r[kwf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;OD;ujzpfap/ rJqEN
e,ftwGuf wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&aom aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJodk@r[kwf rJ¶kHtzGJ@wckckwGifyg0ifaom tzGJ@0if
wpfOD;OD;ujzpfap oufaotaxmuftxm;ckdifvkHpGmjzifh a&G;aumufyGJrusif;yrDaomfvnf;aumif;/
a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaepOfaomfvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaomae@rS(15)&uftwGif; aomfvnf;
aumif; oufqkdif&mòrd@e,fw&m;¶kH;odk@ av#mufxm;pGJqkdEdkifonf?
tcef; (13)
w&m;rJhðyusifhr_rsm;
62? atmufygwdk@onf w&m;rJhðyusifhr_rsm;jzpfonf ² ² ²
(u) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;ujzpfap/ ,if;.a¶G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fujzpfap/ ,if;

wdk@wpfOD;OD;. oabmwlnDcsufjzifh tjcm;olwOD;OD;ujzpfap/ atmufygjypfr_rsm;udk usL;vGef jcif; ² ²
²
(1) vmbfay;vmbf,lr_ ðyvkyfjcif;?
(2) a¶G;aumufr_qdkif&mtcGifhta&;udk taESmifht,Sufðyvkyfjcif;?
(3) olwyg;[efaqmifjcif;?
(4) r[kwfrrSef ajymqdka=unmjcif;?
(5) r[kwfrrSef 0efcHvufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif;?
- 331 -
(c) rJqENe,fwpfe,ftwGuf a&G;aumufyGJwGifwpf}udrfxufydkI qENrJay;jcif; odk@r[kwf
a&G;aumufyGJrsm;udk wpfcsdefwnf;usif;ypOf wpfe,fxufydkaom rJqENe,frsm;twGuf qENrJay;
jcif;jzifh rdrdvkdvm;aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tm; tusdK;&Sdapjcif;/
(*) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fuaomfvnf;aumif;/ ,if;.a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fuaomf
vnf;aumif; a&G;aumufyGJESifhpyfvsOf;I owfrSwfcsufESifhrnDbJ aiGudkrw&m;tukefcHjcif; odk@r
[kwf rw&m;tukefcH&efoabmwlnDjcif;/
(C) a&G;aumufyGJukefusp&dwfaiGpm&if;rsm;ukd a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fu a&;rSwfxm;&ef
ysufuGufjcif;/
(i) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; odk@r[kwf ,if;.a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,f. oabm
wlnDcsufjzifh wpfOD;wpfa,mufaomolu qENrJay;csdefwGif rJ¶kHrSqENrJvufrSwfudk tjcm;okd@
,laqmifoGm;jcif;/
(p) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; odk@r[kwf ,if;.a&G;aumufyJGukd,fpm;vS,f. wkdufwGef;
csufjzifhaomfvnf;aumif;/ oabmwlnDcsufjzifhaomfvnf;aumif; atmufygwdk@ukdusL;vGefjcif; ² ² ²
(1) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf yg0if&ef odk@r[kwf ryg0ifbJae&ef odk@r [kwf
v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGuf&ef&nf&G,fcsufjzifh aomfvnf; aumif;/
aus;Zl;wkH@jyefcsufjzifhaomfvnf;aumif; wpfOD;wa,mufaomolu
vmbfvmbvufcHjcif; odk@r[kwf vmbfvmbvufcH&ef oabmwljcif;/
(2) qENrJay;&ef odk@r[kwf qENrJray;bJae&ef rJqEN&SifwpfOD;OD;udk aoG;aqmif&efjzpf ap/
aoG;aqmifvkdojzifhtm;xkwf&efjzpfap wpfOD;wpfa,mufolu rdrdtwGuf odk@r[kwf
olwpfyg;twGuf vmbfvmbvufcH&efoabmwljcif;?
(q) rrSefruefðyvkyfxm;aom a&G;aumufyGJukefusp&dwfaiGpm&if;udk wifjyjcif; okd@r[kwf xkduJhodk@
a&G;aumufyGJukefusp&dwfaiGpm&if;ukd rSefuefonf[k0efcHjcif; odk@r[kwf owfrSwfxm; onfhtwkdif;
wifoGif;&efysufuGufjcif;/
(Z) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;r[kwfaom odk@r[kwf ,if;.a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,f
r[kwfaom tjcm;olwpfOD;OD;u ,if;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;. cGifhðycsufr&SdbJ v$wf
awmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&atmifjzpfap/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&
atmiftm;ay;vkdaoma=umifhjzpfap/ tpnf;ta0;usif;yIaomfvnf;aumif;/ pm&Gufpmwrf;
rsm;a0iSIaomfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;wpfenf;enf;jzifhaomfvnfaumif; aiGtukeftuscHjcif;
odk@r[kwf ukefus&ef cGifhðyjcif;/
(ps) ykHESdyfol/ xkwfa0olwkd@. trnfae&yfryg&Sdaom a&G;aumufyGJESifhoufqkdifonfh a=umfjim/
pm&Gufpmwrf;/ ykdpwm ponfwkd@udk jzef@csdxkwfa0jcif;jzifh rdrdvkdvm;aom v$wfawmfukd,fpm;
vS,favmif;tm; tudsK;&Sdapjcif;/
(n) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; odk@r[kwf ,if;.a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fujzpfap/
,if;wdk@wpfOD;OD;. oabmwlnDcsuft& tjcm;olwpfOD;ujzpfap v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f
avmif;wpfOD; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&a&;twGuf tultnDukd 0efxrf;wpfOD;OD;xHrS&,ljcif;/
t&,l&eftm;ay;ulnDjcif; odk@r[kwf &,l&eftm;xkwfjcif;/
(Ë) v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif;wpfOD; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&a&;twGuf bmoma&;t
xdrf;trSwfrsm;ukd a&G;aumufyGJwGiftokH;ðyjcif; odk@r[kwf vlrdsK;ukdjzpfap/ udk;uG,f&mbmomukd
jzpfap ta=umif;ðyrJay;=u&ef odk@r[kwf rJray;bJae=u&ef tpDtpOfðyvsuf v_H@aqmfjcif;/
- 332 -
(X) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;wpfOD; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&a&;twGuf ygwDwpfckckudk
jzpfap/ yk*~dKvfwpfOD;OD;jzpfap t=urf;zufjcif;/ rrSefruefpGyfpGJjcif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ trsm;jynfol
qlylr_jzpfatmifzefwD;jcif;?
tcef; (14)
a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&jcif;ESifhpyfv#Of;I
uef@uGufcsufrsm;udk tqHk;tjzwfay;jcif;
63? a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&jcif;udk uef@uGufvdkygu Ttcef;&SdjyÏmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD wifoGif; aom

a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mjzifh uef@uGuf&rnf?
64? (u) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oltm; uef@uGufaom a&G;aumuf

yGJuef@uGufv$mudk rnfonfhv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;urqkd odk@r[kwf rnfonfh
rJqEN&Sifurqkd yk'fr 45 t& aumfr&SifuqkH;jzwf+yD;onfhudpP&yfrsm;rSty ESpfouf&m
ta=umif;jyI tpdk;&u,if;udpPtvkd@iSmcef@xm;aomyk*~dKvfxHodk@ owfrSwfxm;onfh twdkif;
wifoGif;av#mufxm;Ekdifonf/
(c) av#mufxm;olonf rdrd.uef@uGufv$mwGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwif
ajr‡mufcH&oltm;uef@uGufEkdifonf? rdrdomv#irf Jtrsm;qkH;&I a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&ol
jzpfonf[k a=unmap&efawmif;qkdvkdygu atmufygta=umif;jycsufwpf&yf&yfudk tajccH &rnf
²²²
(1) av#mufxm;olomv#if ckdfifvkHaomrJtrsm;qkH;&onfrSm trSefjzpfonf[laomt
a=umif;jycsuf/
(2) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&ol &&SdaomrJrsm;wGif w&m;rJh
ðyusifhr_a=umifh&&Sdaom rJrdsK;ryg&SdcJhaomf av#mufxm;olonf ckdifvkHaomrJtrsm;qkH;udk
&Ekdifonf[laom ta=umif;jycsuf?
65? (u) tpdk;&tzGJ@onf a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mrsm;udk ppfaq;&ef tzGJ@0if(3)OD;pDyg0ifaom

a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@rsm;udk Oya'ynm&Sifrsm;/ oifhavsmfaomEkdifiHom;rsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;&rnf/
(c) a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@0ifrsm;twGuf csD;jr‡ifhaiGonf tpdk;&tzGJ@u owfrSwfay;onfhtwkdif; jzpf
ap&rnf/
(*) a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@. vkyfief;qkdif&mukefusp&dwfrsm;ukd w&m;¶kH;csKyfu uscH&rnf/
(C) a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@twGuf ae&mxkdifcif;ESifh ,if;tzGJ@.vkyfief;rsm;twGuf vkdtyfaom
0efxrf;rsm;udk w&m;¶kH;csKyfu pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;&rnf/
(i) a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mESifh pyfvsOf;onfh ta&;,laqmif&Guf&ef&Sdaom udpPtm;vkH;ukd
a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@rsm;u pDrHaqmif&Guf&rnf/
(p) rJqENe,fwpfe,fwGifusif;yaom a&G;aumufyGJESifhpyfvsOf;I a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$m
wpfapmifxufykd+yD; wifoGif;v#if tpkd;&tzGJ@ucef@xm;aomyk*~dKvfonf xkduef@uGufv$mtm; vkH;ukd
a&G;aumufyGJckHwpfzGJ@wnf;odk@om v$Jtyf&rnf? xkdckHtzGJ@onf xkduef@uGufv$mrsm;udk cGJI jzpfap/
aygif;Ijzpfap rdrdwkd@oabmtwkdif; pkHprf;ppfaq;Ekdifonf/
- 333 -
(q) cef@xm;+yD;jzpfaom a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@0ifwpfOD;onf ckHtzGJ@0iftjzpfjzifh raqmif&GufEkdifcJh aomf
odk@r[kwf pkHprf;ppfaq;aeckdufwGif qufvufraqmif&GufEkdifcJhaomf tpdk&tzGJ@onf tzGJ@
0ifopfwpfOD;ukd tpm;xkd;cef@xm;&rnf? jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;aom xkdckHtzGJ@onf pkHprf;ppfaq;qJjzpf
aom uef@uGufv$mudk topfjyefvnfppfaq;vkdu ppfaq;Ekdifonf?
66? a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mrsm;ukd pdppf=um;emaepOf ckHtzJG@onf vkdtyfygu a&S@aecsKyfudkzdwf=um;I

Oya't}uH^m%frsm; awmif;cHEkdifonf? a&S@aecsKyfonf rdrdudk,fwkdifckHtzGJ@okd@rvma&mufEkdifygu rdrd
udk,fpm;aqmif&Gufap&ef a&S@aecsKyf¶kH;rS oifhavsmfaomOya'0efxrf; tqifh(1)xufredrfhonfh yk*~dKvf tm;
ckHtzGJ@okd@ apv$wfaqmif&GufapEkdifonf?
67? a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&olwpfOD;onf atmufygtcsufwpf&yf&yfESifh +idpGef;a=umif;awG@&Sdv#if ,if;

tm; v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcJhjcif;onf ysufjy,fa=umif; a&G;aumufyGJckH
tzGJ@u qkH;jzwfEkdifonf ² ² ²
(u) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&aomv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fonf w&m;rJhðyusifhr_rsm;jzifh rJtrsm;
qHk;udk&,lcJhonf[kaomfvnf;aumif;/ xkdenf;jzifhyif aoG;aqmifI&,lcJhonf[kaomfvnf;
aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJtEkdift¶_H;onf w&m;rJhðyusifhr_rsm;a=umifhomjzpf&onf[k aomfvnf;
aumif; ay:vGifxif&Sm;jcif;/
(c) a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&aom v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f.tudsK;iSm w&m;rJhðyusifhr_wpfckck
ukdðya=umif;ay:vGifxif&Sm;jcif;/
(*) vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyGJr[kwfa=umif; ay:vGifxif&Sm;jcif;/
(C) vmbfay;vmbf,lr_ðyjcif;/ a&G;aumufr_qkdif&mtcGifhta&;rsm;udk aESmifh,Sufjcif;wkd@ a=umifh
vGwfvyfpGmrJay;EkdifcGifh&Sdaom a&G;aumufyGJr[kwfa=umif; ay:vGifxif&Sm;jcif;/ ,if;odk@ðyvkyf
r_rsm;a=umifh a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&a=umif; ay:vGifxif&Sm;jcif;/
(i) yk'fr 10 yk'frcGJ (i)/ (ps)/ (n) odk@r[kwf (Ë) yg yk*~dKvf odk@r[kwf tzGJ@tpnf;wpf&yf. tzGJ@
tpnf;0ifjzpfa=umif; ay:vGifxif&Sm;jcif;?
68? a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@u a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fonf ,if;.

a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fr[kwfaom tjcm;yk*~dKvfwpfOD;OD;.ya,m*a=umifh w&mrJhðyusifhr_wpfckck twGuf
tjypf&Sdonf[ktpD&ifcH&mwGif atmufygta=umif;wpf&yf&yft& jzpf&a=umif;xifjrif,lqygu xkd
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftm; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcJhjcif;onf rysufjy,f[k ckHtzGJ@uqkH;jzwfEkdif onf ² ² ²
(u) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;ESifh ,if;.a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fwkd@. oabmwlcGifh
ðycsufr&SdbJ usL;vGefcJhaomðyusifhr_jzpfjcif;/
(c) v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;ESifh ,if;.a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fwkd@onf a&G;aumufyGJ
usif;y&mwGif w&m;rJhðyusifhr_rsm;ukdrðyap&ef wwftm;oa&$@wm;qD;aqmif&GufcJhjcif;/
(*) w&m;rJðyusifhr_rsm;onf a&G;aumufyGJudkrxdckdufaom ao;Ekyft&mra&mufonfh ðyusifhr_
jzpfjcif;/
(C) a&G;aumufyGJonf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;ESifh ,if;.a&G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;. w&m;rJhðyusifhr_uif;&Sif;onf[k xifjrif,lqjcif;?
69? a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@onf uef@uGufcsufrsm;udkppfaq;+yD;aomtcg v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf

a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&oludkjzpfap/ a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mwifI rdrdudkom a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf
- 334 -
cH&oltjzpf a=unmxkdufa=umif; av#mufxm;oludkjzpfap v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufcH&oljzpfonf rjzpfonfukd tpdk;&tzGJ@xHodk@ tpD&ifcH&rnf?
70? a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@0iftm;vkH;onf rdrdwdk@.qkH;jzwfcsufyg&Sdaom tpD&ifcHpmukd vufrSwfa&;xkd;I

tpdk;&tzGJ@xHodk@ aqmvsifpGmwifoGif;&rnf? tpdk;&tzGJ@onf tpD&ifcHxm;onfhtwkdif;trdef@xkwfI
tpD&ifcHpmudk tpdk;&jyefwrf;wGif xkwfjyefa=unm&rnf? tpdk;&tzGJ@.trdef@onf t+yD;tjywfjzpfap &rnf?
71? tpD&ifcHpmYjzpfap/ a&G;aumufyGJuef@uGufv$mESifhpyfvsOf;aom tjcm;udpPwpf&yf&yfYjzpfap

a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@0ifrsm;onf oabmxm;uGJvGJv#if trsm;.oabmqENtwkdif; qkH;jzwfaqmif&Guf &rnf?
72? a&Ga;umufyGJckHtzGJ@onf tr_ppfaq;jcif;udpPESifhpyfvsOf;I w&m;rusifhxkH;Oya't& w&m;¶kH;odk@

tyfESif;xm;aom tm%mrsm;udk&&Sd&rnf? xkd@tjyif ta&;ygaomoufaocHcsufrsm;udk xGufqkdEkdifrnf
[k,lqaom rnfonfhyk*~dKvfudkrqkd rdrdwdk@.oabmtwkdif;qifhqkdI ppfaq;Ekdifonf?
73? TOya'ygjyÏmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifapbJ oufaocHOya'yg jyÏmef;csufrsm;onf pkHprf;ppfaq;

a&;udpPtm;vkH;ESifh oufqkdifonf[k rSwf,l&rnf?
74? rnfonfhpmcsKyfpmwrf;udkr# owfrSwfonfhtwdkif; wHqdyfacgif;jynfhpkHpGm uyfxm;jcif;r&Sdaom

a=umifhaomfvnf;aumif;/ rSwfykHwifjcif;rðyaoma=umifhaomfvnf;aumif; oufaocHtjzpfjzifhvufrcH
bJrae&?
75? pkHprf;ppfaq;&mwGif ay:xGufvsuf&Sdaom jiif;csufrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I ar;aomar;cGef;rsm;ukd oufao u

ajzqkd&rnf?
odk@&mwGif ² ² ²
(u) a&G;aumufyGJY qENrJay;cJholtm; rnfol@twGufqENrJay;cJhonfukd xkwfazmf&efrckdif;&/
(c) ar;cGef;wpf&yfrajzqkdbJrae&I ajzqkd&jcif;a=umifh ajzqkdoltm;zrf;qD;jcif;/ w&m;pGJqkdjcif;r ðy&
okd@r[kwf ,if;ajzqkdcsufudkta=umif;ðyI rkom;oufaoxGufqkdr_jzifh &mZ0wf a=umif;t&
w&m;pGJqkdjcif;rSty tjcm;rnfonfh&mZ0wfr_cif;wGifrS ,if;ajzqkdcsufukd oufaocHtjzpf
tokH;rðy&?
76? tr_onfudk,fwkdifjzpfap/ tr_onfudk,fpm;aqmif&Guf&efcef@xm;aom a&S@ae odk@r[kwf udk,fpm;

vS,fjzpfap a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@a&S@arSmufodk@ vma&mufaqmif&GufEkdifonf? odk@&mwGif tr_onfudk,f
wkdifvma&muf&rnf[k a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@un$ef=um;v#if tr_onfudk,fwkdifvma&muf&rnf?
tcef; (15)
taxGaxG
77? aumfr&SifESifh aumfr&SiftzGJ@cJGrsm;onf a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;ESifhpyfvsOf;I vkdtyfaomtultnD

rsm;udk tpdk;&.tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;xHrSaomfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifhyk*~dKvfrsm;xHrS aomfvnf;
aumif; &,laqmif&GufEkdifonf?
- 335 -
78? rnfolrqkd aumfr&SifESifh aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfaomfvnf;aumif;/ a&G;aumufyGJ
wm0efrsm;ukdxrf;aqmifaom 0efxrf;tjzpfaomfvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;onf EkdifiHawmf.
wm0efukdxrf;aqmifjcif;[k rSwf,l&rnf?
79? aumfr&SifESifh aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJtqifhqifhESifh a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@wkd@. aqmif&Gufcsuf odk@r[kwf

qkH;jzwfcsufESifhpyfvsOf;I TOya'ygjyÏmef;csufrsm;rSwpfyg; rnfonfhw&m;¶kH;wGifrS ppfaq;ykdifcGifhr&Sdap &?
80? w&m;0iftyfESif;xm;aom vkyfydkifcGifht& Oya'ESifhtnD rdrdwm0efukd oabm¶kd;jzifh EkdifpGrf;or#xrf;

aqmifaom aumfr&SifESifhaumfr&SiftzGJ@0ifrsm;/ aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJtqifhqifhESifh ,if;wkd@.tzGJ@0ifrsm;/ a&G;
aumufyGJckHtzGJ@/ a&G;aumufyGJckHtzGJ@0ifrsm;/ rJ¶kHr–;tygt0if rJ¶kHtzGJ@0ifrsm;. vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;twGuf
w&m;ra=umif;t&jzpfap/ &mZ0wfa=umif;t&jzpfap w&m;pGJqkdjcif;rcHxkdufap&?
81? aumfr&SSifonf TOya'ygjyÏmef;csufrsm;udk xajrmufatmifjrifpGmaqmif&GufEkdif&eftvkd@iSm vkdtyf

aom enf;Oya'rsm;/ vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;/ trdef@rsm;/ !$ef=um;csufrsm;ukd xkwfjyefEkdifonf?
82? atmufyg Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;udk TOya'jzifh ¶kyfodrf;vdkufonf ² ² ²

(u) jynfol@v$wfawmfESifh jynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;qdkif&m Oya'?
( 1976 ckESpf/ jynfol@v$wfawmf Oya'trSwf 8 )?
(c) jynfol@v$wfawmfESifh jynfol@aumifpDtqifhqifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;qdkif&m enf;Oya' rsm;?
( 1976 ckESpf/ jynfol@v$wfawmf enf;Oya'rsm; trSwf 6 )?
ÙÙÙÙÙ
EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@
jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'udk jyifqifonfhOya'
(EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ Oya'trSwf 10§91)
1353 ckESpf/ yxr0gqdkvjynfhausmf 14 &uf
(1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 10 &uf)
EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf atmufygOya'udk jyXmef;vdkufonf?
1? TOya'udk jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'udk jyifqifonfhOya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf?
- 336 -
2? TOya'onf jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' jyXmef;onfh 1989 ckESpf/ arv 31 &ufae@rSpI
tm%mwnfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf?
3? jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr 11 wGif atmufygwdk@udk yk'frcGJ (n) ESihf (É) tjzpf jznfhpGuf&

rnf ² ² ²
(n) EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u tcgtm;av#mfpGmowfrSwfa=unmaom +idrf0yf

ydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_jzifhjzpfap/ tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_jzifhjzpfap/ jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifcH&jcif;/
(É) yk'frcGJ(n)t& owfrSwfa=unmcsufwGifyg0ifjcif;r¶Sdaom jypfr_wpfckckjzifh jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifjcif;

cH&v#if ,if;jypfr_onf +idrf0yfydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_ odk@r[kwf tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_jzpf
a=umif; EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@. qHk;jzwfcH&jcif;?
4? jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'wGif atmufygwdk@udk yk'fr 80-u/ 80-c/ 80-* ESifh 80-C tjzpf

jznfhpGuf&rnf ² ² ²
80-u? EdkifiHawmfopPmazmufzsufykefuefr_jzifhjzpfap/ ao'%f odk@r[kwf wpfoufwpfu|ef;'%f

xdkufaomjypfr_jzifhjzpfap/ jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&ojzifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf qufvuf
&yfwnfydkifcGifhr¶Sda=umif;/ aumfr¶Sifua=unmcH&olonf aemifwGifjyKvkyfonfh a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;
wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifh r¶Sdap&?
80-c? yk'fr 80-u yg jypfr_rsm;rSty tjcm;jypfr_wpfckckjzifh jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&ojzifh

v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGifhr¶Sda=umif;/ aumfr¶Sifua=unmcH&olonf
a=unmonfhae@rS 10 ESpftwGif; jyKvkyfonfha¶G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;
tjzpf yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifh r¶Sdap&?
80-*? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcJhjcif;onf ysufjy,fa=umif;/ a¶G;

aumufyGJcHktzGJ@uqHk;jzwfI tpdk;&tzGJ@utrde@f xkwfjyefa=unmjcif; cH&olonfvnf;aumif;/ owf
rSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; a¶G;aumufyGJukefusp&dwfpm&if;wifoGif;&ef ysufuGufojzifh t&nftcsif;
ysuf,Gif;onf[k a¶G;aumufyGJcHktzGJ@.qHk;jzwfcH&+yD;/ aumfr¶Sifu t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;ol[k a=u
nmjcif;cH&aom v$wfawmfudkf,fpm;vS,f odk@r[kwf a¶G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fonf vnf;aumif;/
a=unmonfhae@rS 10 ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfonfha¶G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;
tjzpf yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifh r¶Sdap&?
80-C? TOya't&jzpfap TOya't&jyKvkyfaom enf;Oya'rsm;t&jzpfap t&nftcsif;ysuf

,Gif;oljzpfa=umif; aumfr¶Sifua=unmjcif;cH&onfh ¶H_;edrfhv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; odk@r[kwf
a¶G;aumufyGJudk,fpm;vS,fonf a=unmonfhae@rS 5 ESpftwGif;jyKvkyfonfh a¶G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf yg0if,SOf+ydKifcGifh r¶Sdap&?
ÙÙÙÙÙ
- 337 -
EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@trdef@
( trdef@trSwf 4§91 )
1353 ckESpf/ yxr0gqdkvjynfhausmf 14 &uf

(1991 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 10 &uf)
jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya'yg +idrf0yfydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_ESifh
tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_ESifhywfoufaomjypfr_rsm;udk owfrSwfonfh trdef@
1? jynfol@vGwfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 11/ yk'frcGJ (n)wGif v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;

aumufwifajr‡mufcH&+yD;aemuf EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u tcgtm;av#mfpGm owfrSwf
a=unmaom +idrf0yfydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_jzifhjzpfap/ tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_jzifhjzpfap jypfr_xif¶Sm;
pD&ifcH&jcif;jzpfygu v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfqufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGifhr¶Sda=umif; jyXmef;xm;ygonf?
2? jypfr_wpfpHkwpf&mjzifh jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf tqdkyg Oya'
jyXmef;csuft& v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfqufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGifh ¶Sd r¶SdESifh pyfv#Of;I ,if;wdk@usL;vGefcJh
aom jypfr_onf +idrf0yfydjym;r_ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;/ tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_ESifhaomfvnf;aumif; pyfv#Of;
onfh jypfr_ [kwfr[kwf owfrSwfay;&ef jyXmef;xm;onfhtav#muf +idrf0yfydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_ESifh tusifh
pm&dwWysufjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_ trsdK;tpm;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u atmufyg
twdkif; owfrSwfvdkufonf ² ² ²
(u) +idrf0yfydjym;r_qdkif&m jypfr_rsm;?

(1) EdkifiHawmf opPmazmufzsuf ykefuefr_/
(2) EdkifiHawmftpdk;&tm; t=unfndKysufatmif jyKvkyfr_/
(3) EdkifiHawmf opPmazmufzsuf ykefuefr_}uD;ESifh pyfv#Of;I xdrfcsefjcif;/
(4) 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya't& jypfr_rsm;/
(5) tpdk;&v#dK@0Sufcsuf tufOya't& jypfr_rsm;/
(6) vufeufr_rsm;/
(7) jynfyodk@ w&m;r0if xGufcGmr_/ jynfyrS w&m;r0if 0ifa&mufr_/
(c) tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_qdkif&m jypfr_rsm;?
(1) cdk;r_/
(2) vk,ufr_/
(3) "m;jyr_/
(4) vdrfvnfr_/
(5) tvGJoHk;pm;r_/
(6) r,m;cdk;r_/
(7) rk'drf;r_/
- 338 -
(8) vlcdk;r_/ aoG;aqmifqGJac:r_/ tEdkiftxufcdkif;apr_/
(9) trsdK;orD; um,da¹ENysufpD;ap&eft}uHESifh vufa&mufr_ (odk@r[kwf) tEdkiftxufjyr_/
(10) yÉdoaE<qdkif&m jypfr_rsm;/
(11) jynfhwefqmESdyfuGyfa&; tufOya't&jypfr_/
(12) 1974 ckESpf/ rl;,pfxHkxdkif; ab;jzpfapwwfaom aq;0g;rsm; Oya't& jypfr_rsm;/
(13) avmif;upm; Oya't& jypfr_rsm;/
(14) t*wdvdkufpm;r_/
(15) jynfolydkifypPnf; umuG,fa&; tufOya't& jypfr_rsm;/
(16) trsm;ydkifypPnf; umuG,fonfh Oya't& jypfr_rsm;/
(17) EdkifiHjcm;aiG vJvS,fr_qdkif&m jypfr_rsm;/
(18) EdkifiHawmftvH Oya't& jypfr_rsm;/
(19) yHkESdyfolrsm;ESifh xkwfa0olrsm; rSwfyHkwifOya't& jypfr_rsm;/
(20) jynfol@v$wfawmf a¶G;aumufyGJ Oya't& jypfr_rsm;?
ÙÙÙÙÙ
“jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD”
1990 jynfhESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ycJh+yD;aemuf

¶SpfESpfausmf=umvmonfhwdkif a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm; e0w§etz rS todtrSwfjyK taumiftxnfazmf
ay;jcif;r¶SdcJhonfhtwGuf a¶G;aumufyGJwGif tEdkif&¶SdcJh=uonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;taejzifh jynfolvlxkrS
ay;tyfcJhonfhwm0eftm; OD;vnfrokefaqmif¶Guf=urnf[k oHEMdXmefcsrSwfxm;+yD;jzpfonfESifhtnD 1998
ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufae@wGif a¶G;aumufyGJwGifatmifjrifcJhaom rJqENe,fajrta&twGuft& yxr/
'kwd,ESifh wwd,ae&mrsm;&¶SdcJh=uonfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/
&cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwdk@ESifhtwl rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@/ ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&ufwdk@vufwGJv#uf jynf
ol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(251)OD;wdk@rS v$Jtyfay;xm;onfh vkyfydkifcGifht& ppfrSefonfh 'Drdkua&pDjynf
axmifpkay:aygufa&;udkar#mfudk;+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,la&;udka¶S@¶_um “jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyK
aumfrwD”tm; w&m;0ifzGJ@pnf;cJhonf?
rlvpwifzGJ@pnf;pOfu tzGJ@0if(10)OD;yg0ifcJh+yD;/ ,cktcg tzGJ@0if(19)OD;txd wdk;csJ@yg0ifvmcJhonf?
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD. rJqENe,fudk,fpm;jyKr_rSm ² ² ²
pOf? EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@tpnf; udk,fpm;jyKrJqENe,f
1? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 392
2? ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 23
3? &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 11
4? rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@ 5
5? trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD 4
6? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD 3
- 339 -
7? ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf 2
8? jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 1
9? rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ 1
10? &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD 1
11? woD;yk*~v 1
pkpkaygif; 444
tzGJ@0ifrsm;rSm ² ² ²
(1) OD;atmifa¶$ (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) OuUX
OD;atmifa&$onf r&rf;ukef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? 1918 ckESpf/ arv (19)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;zdk;uGef;.om;jzpfonf? OD;atmifa&$onf 1940 jynfh
ESpfwGif &efukefwuUodkvfrS bDatbJG@&¶SdcJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftxd AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;OD;aqmif
aom ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)ESifhArmhrsdK;cspfwyfr
awmf(yDbDtufzf)wdk@wGifyg0ifcJhI vGwfvyfa&;}udK;yrf;r_wGif +Adwdo#e,fcsJ@ESifh*syefzufqpfwdk@ukd awmfvSefcJh
onf? 1945 ckESpfrS 1961 ckESpftxd wyfrawmf(=unf;)wGif udk,fydkiftrSwf(3505)jzifh Adkvf}uD;tqifhrSpI
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh&m Adkvfr–;}uD;/ ppfaxmufcsKyf/ Adkvfr–;csKyf/ wkdif;r–;tqifhtxdaqmif&GufcJhonf? 1959
ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (25)&ufae@rS 1961 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (15)&ufae@twGif; awmifydkif;wkdif;ppfXmecsKyf
wGifwkdif;r–;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf a&G;aumufyJGYbufvdkufcJha=umif;pdppfawG@&Sd&ojzifh[kqdkum 1961
ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (13)&ufae@ &mxl;cef@xm;a&;tzJG@tpnf;ta0;rS wyfrawmfwGifppfr_xrf;jcif;rS t+idrf;
pm;,lcGifhjyKcJhonf? 1961 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd jrefrmEkdifiHqdkif&moHtrwf}uD; =opa=w;vs/ (e,l;ZDvef)
ygyl;wGJI/ tD*spf/ jyifopf/ (pydfefESifh,leufpukd)tzJG@wkd@ygyl;wGJwm0ef,lI/ 1975 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf?
rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@ESifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwdk@wGif A[dkOuUXwm0ef,lcJhonf?
(2) OD;oef;xGef; (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) twGif;a&;rª;
OD;oef;xGef;onf awmifom+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;

cHcJh&onf? a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifrS 1990 jynfhESpf/ ZGefv (6)&ufae@wGif a}unmcsuftrSwf
(609)jzifh rEWav;wkdif;/ awmifom+rdK@e,f jynfol@v$wfawmfrJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;
cH&aom jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fjzpfa}umif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr(41)/ yk'fr
cGJ(8)ESifhtnDa}unmtyfygonf[k azmfjya=unmcJhonf? 1922 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (10)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf?
OD;zdk;rif;.om;jzpfonf? OD;oef;xGef;onf 1937 ckESpfrS 1941 ckESpftxd (10)wef;ausmif;om;/ jrif;+cH
ausmif;om;or*~tr_aqmif/ 1942 ckESpfrS 1946 ckESpftxd ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bD/ tkdif/ at) tkyf
csKyfa&;0if zufqpfawmfvSefa&; jrif;+cHc±dkifwm0efcH/ 1946 ckESpfrS 1953 ckESpftxd jrif;+cHc±dkif z-q-y-v
twGif;a&;r–;/ 1947 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd wkdif;ðyjynfðyv$wfawmftrwf/ ygvDreftrwf/ ygvDrHtwGif;0ef/
1953 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftxd tvkyform; tpnf;t±Hk;rsm;tzJG@csKyf-ArmEdkifiH(wD-,l-pD-bD) twGif;a&;r–;/
1964 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD0if/ 1964 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd ukefoG,fa&;(4)tzJG@0if/
- 340 -
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmif/ txufArmjynfpnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0efcH/ A[kdktvkyform;
tzJG@acgif;aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf?
(3) OD;at;omatmif (&cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) twGif;a&;rª;
&cdkifjynfe,f/ rif;jym;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ t}uD;pm;pufr_vkyfief;aumfydka&;

¶Sif; wGif 'kt&mcHAdkvftjzpftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1974 ckESpf/ tvkyform;ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifcJhojzifh zrf;qD;
xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ tvkyfrSxkwfy,fcHcJh&onf? &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;
jzpfonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDwGif rlvu ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf/ &cdkif'Drdk
ua&pDtzGJ@ csKyf/ rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@/ ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&ufwdk@.udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfyg0ifcJhonf?
2000 jynfhESpf/ {+yDv (24)&ufae@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; ZGefv (21)&ufae@
wGif 1950 jynfhESpf/ ta&;ay:pDrHr_tufOya'/ yHkESdyfolrsm;ESifhxkwfa0olrsm;rSwfyHkwifOya'rsm;t& axmif
'%f(21)ESpfcsrSwfjcif;cHcJh&onf?
(4) OD;wifOD; (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if
tz OD;armif}udKif/ trD a':jrwifwdk@rS 1927 ckESpf/ rwfv (12)&uf ¡ 1288 ckESpf/ waygif;vqef;
(10)&uf ¢ {&m0wDwdkif;/ ykodrf+rdK@/ a&ausmf}uD;¶GmwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ykodrf+rdK@/ A[dktrsdK;om;txufwef;
ausmif;wGif rlvwef;rS(10)wef;atmifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;pwif jzpfyGm;pOf
awm¶GmwGifppfab;'%fa¶SmifaepOfzcifuG,fvGefcJhojzifh acwWudk&if0wf+yD;aemuf (10)wef; atmifjrifonf
txd qufvufynmoif=um;cJhonf? ykodrf+rdK@/ A[dktrsdK;om; txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;aepOf
1936§38 ckESpf/ wEdkifiHvHk;ausmif;om;oydwfjzpf+yD;/ ausmif;rSjyKvkyfonfh pDwef;vSnfhvnfqENjyyGJrsm;wGif
yg0ifv_yf¶Sm;cJhonf? ausmif;rSOD;pD;zGJ@onfhyifeDvli,f wyfzGJ@wGifyg0ifcJhonf?
1943 ckESpfaemufydkif;/ touf(16)ESpfjynfht+yD;wGif ppfxJ0if&eftwGuf &efukef+rdK@odk@a&muf¶SdcJh+yD;/
ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf/ ppf0ef}uD;¶kH;/ A[dkuif;wyf(,ck y'krRmuGif;ae&m)wGif wyfom;tjzpfpwif0if
a&mufcJhonf? Adkvfoifwef;ausmif;wuf&eftwGuft&nftcsif;ppfpmar;yGJESihf ppf0ef}uD;¶kH;vlawGppfaq;r_
ajzqkdcH,l+yD;r=umrD 0ifqmwef;vsm;(,ckorRwtdrfawmf0ef;twGif;)wGifzGifhvSpfxm;onfh tcsufjyavhusifh
a&;wyf&if;wGifoifwef;wufaepOf r*Fvm'kH wwd,ygwfAdkvfoifwef;ausmif;( Third Bath of Officer
Training School ) odk@Adkvfavmif;oifwef;wufcGifh&cJhonf? 1944 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif
wwd,ygwfAdkvfoifwef;qif+yD; ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmfwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&SdtvkyfoifAdkvf(rDem¶dkuf
&Sdcef;)/ wvkdif;okH;yGifhtxl;=u,fjzifh&mxl;cef@tyfjcif;cH&onf?
wyfrawmfjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;ay;rnfhtpDtpOft& rsdK;cspfwyfrawmfzsufodrf;onfhtcg Zmwd&Gmodk@jyef
vmcJhonf? 1946 ckESpfwGifwuUodkvfqufwuf&ef &efukefòrd@odk@jyefvmcJhonf? &efukefòrd@odk@a&muf&Sd+yD; rdsK;cspf
wyfrawmfXmecsKyfzGifhvSpfxm;&m avmif;0pfpfvrf;(,cktif;,m;òrdifvrf;/ rif;uGefawm&bkef}uD;ausmif;
0ef;)wGif ArmhwyfrawmftwGufjyefwrf;0ift&m&Sdrsm;/ uENDpmcsKyft&a&G;cs,fcef@xm;aeonfhowif;=um;I
oGm;a&mufpkHprf;&m rlvwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonfhawmfvSefa&;wkdif;trSwf(4)/ wyf&if;(102)pm&if;wGif aemif
jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;rnfhArmhwyfrawmfwGif wkduf&kdufjyefwrf;0ift&m&Sdtjzpf(odk@)t*Fvdyfbk&ifhppfwuUodkfvfwGif
Adkvfavmif;tjzpfausmif;wuf&efaxmufcHxm;ojzifh t&m&Sdtjzpfjyefvnfav#mufxm;cJh&m (=unf; 3651)
'kwd,Adkvf(Second Lieutenant)tjzpfcef@tyfcHcJh&onf? xkd@aemuf jrif;+cHòrd@&Sd +Adwdo#ppfwyfrSppft&m&Sd
rsm;oif=um;ay;onfh tajccHppfynmoifwef;wufa&muf&onf? xkd@aemuf 1946 ckESpfqef;wGif aròrd@(,ck
jyifOD;vGif)wGift&m&Sdi,frsm;oifwef;odk@wufa&muf&onf?
- 341 -
1947 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbmvwGif puFmyl&Sd +Adwdo#ta&S@zsm;wyfrsm;qkdif&mXmecsKyfrSOD;pD;zGifhvSpfonfh
ppfqifa&;avhusifhr_oifwef;odk@ 1948 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dvv,ftxdwufa&mufcJh&onf?
1950 ckESpfwGif w&kwfjynf,leefe,fawmifykdif;&Sd w&kwfjzL(ulrifwef)wyfrsm;/ w&kwfjynfol@wyf
rawmf.xkd;ppfqifwkdufckdufr_a=umifh jrefrmEkdifiHodk@usL;ausmf0ifa&mufvmcJhonfudk&Gwf&Gwfc|Hc|HckcHwkdufcdkuf
cJhonfhtwGuf ol&bGJ@OD;jr‡ifhjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1964 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (12)&ufae@wGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDa=unmcsuftrSwf(59)jzifh taemuf
awmifwdkif;ppfXmecsKyfwdkif;rª;/ Adkvfrª;}uD;wifOD;tm; awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0iftjzpf cef@tyfcJhonf?
1972 ckESpf/ {+yDv (20)&ufae@wGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDrS a=unmcsuftrSwf(100)jzifh Adkvfrª;csKyf
wifOD;tm; umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ 'kwd,0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfcJhonf?
1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (3)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkqdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf jynfol@v$wfawmf
yxrt}udrftpnf;ta0;rS Adkvfrª;csKyfwifOD;tm; umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/ 0ef}uD;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfcJh
onf?
1974 ckESpf/ ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–;csKyfa[mif;OD;oef@Zmyeta&;tcif;/ 1976 ckESpf/
tvkyform;ta&;tcif;rsm;wGif jynfolvlxktxdtcdkufenf;atmifaqmif&GufcJhojzifh jynfolvlxk. =unf
ndKav;pm;r_cHcJh&onf?
1974 ckESpfrS 1976 ckESpftxd umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf(1-3-74§6-3-76)ESifhumuG,fa&;0ef}uD;tjzpf
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf?
1976 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif tif;pdefòrd@/ tusOf;axmifteD;&Sdtxl;w&m;¶kH;wGif
&efukefwkdif;w&m;ol}uD;tzGJ@ OuUÏ OD;tkef;armif/ tzGJ@0ifrsm;tjzpf OD;jrwfwkd;/ OD;armifarmif0if;wkd@yg0ifonfh
&efukefwkdif;w&m;ol}uD;tzGJ@okd@ jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@/ owif;wyfzGJ@r–;¶kH;/ &Jr–;OD;pdk;jrifhu EkdifiHawmfacgif;aqmifrsm;
tm;vkyf}uHowfjzwf&efpDpOfaqmif&Gufr_/ jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDtm;zsuf&ef}uHpnfr_ESifh tm;ay;ulnD
r_wdk@jzifh Adkvf}uD;tkef;ausmfjrifhESifhAdkvf}uD;0if;odef;wdk@tm;EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_tjzpfw&m;pGJqdk&mwGif odv#uf
xdefcsefcJhonf[kqkdumxnfhoGif;w&m;pGJqkdjcif;cHcJh&I oufaotaxmuftxm;r&SdyJaxmif'%f(7)ESpftjypf
ay;cHcJh&onf? 1980 jynfhESpfwGifvGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhjzifhaxmifrSjyefv$wfonf?
vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhjzifhaxmifrSvGwfvm+yD;aemuf omoemabmifokd@ (2)ESpfcef@0ifa&mufchJonf?
xkd@aemuf vlxGuf+yD;Oya'ynmahvmoif,lqnf;yl;cJh&m 1984§86 ckESpfrsm;twGif; rSwfykHwifa&S@ae [R.L.]
atmifvufrSwf&cJhonfhtjyif Oya'ynmbGJ@ [LL.B.] yg&&SdcJhonf?
1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (27)&ufae@eHeufykdif;wGif &efukefòrd@/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrf;/ taxGaxG
a&m*gukaq;¶kH}uD;/ ta&;ay:Xmea&S@Yvlxktpnf;ta0;yGJwGif'Drdkua&pDjyefvnf&¶Sda&;twGuf pnf;¶Hk;a[m
ajymcJhonf? 1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (29) &ufae@eHeuf(10)em&DwGif A[ef;òrd@/ 0*Fbmvrf;/ +cHtrSwf(10)
aetdrfwGiftzGJ@0if(21)OD;jzifhzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh 'Drkdua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@(,m,D)wGif taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–;
tjzpfyg0ifcJh+yD;/ pufwifbmv (10)&ufae@wGifEkwfxGufchJonf?
1988 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (8)&ufae@wGifzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh wyfrawmfwyfr–;a[mif;rsm;ESifh&Jabmfa[mif;
rsm;tzGJ@wGif 'kwd,OuUÏtjzpfaqmif&GufcJhonf?
1988 ckESpf pufwifbmv (24)&ufae@wGifzGJ@pnf;cJh+yD;/ (27)&ufae@wGifw&m;0ifrSwfykHwifcJhonfh
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif 'kwd,OuUÏjzpfvmcJh+yD;/ xdkESpf'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif OuUXjzpfol
OD;atmif}uD;E_wfxGufoGm;ojzifh/ OuUÏ jzpfvmcJhonf?
1989 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@wGif EkdifiHawmftm;aESmifh,SufzsufqD;vkdolrsm;. ab;tEW&m,frS
umuG,fapmifha&SmifonfhOya't&ta&;,lcHcJh&+yD; 'DZifbmv(22)&ufae@wGiftxl;ppfckH¶kH;trSwf(5)rStvkyf
ESifhaxmif'%f(3)ESpfuscHap&ef jypf'%fcsrSwfcJhonf? jypf'%fjynfhumeD;wGif aemufxyfppfckH¶kH;twifcH&+yD;
- 342 -
,cifupGJqdkcJhonfhpGJcsuftwdkif;aemuf xyfaxmif'%f(7)ESpfcsrSwfcHcJh&onf? 1995 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif axmif
rSjyefvGwfonf?
2000 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv (24)&ufae@wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; a':
atmifqef;pk=unf/ tzGJ@csKyfacgif;aqmifESifhvli,ftcsdK@wdk@EiS fhtwl/ aumhrª;+rdK@ESifhuGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@rsm;odk@ ygwD
pnf;¶Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm;vkyfaqmif&eftoGm;/ 'v+rdK@txGufwGif tm%mydkifrsm;.wm;jrpfydwfqdk@[ef@wm;jcif;
cHcJh&I/ (9)&uft=um pufwifbmv (1)&ufae@nOfhoef;aumifwGif twif;t"rRcsKyfaESmifzrf;qD;+yD; aetdrf
odk@jyefydk@cHcJh&+yD;/ aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh 2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (14)&ufae@txdaecJh&onf?
2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (22)&ufae@wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;
a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifhtwl rEWav;+rdK@odk@rD;&xm;jzifhc&D;oGm;&ef/ &efukefblwm}uD;odk@a&muf¶SdpOf tm%m
ydkifrsm;rS[ef@wm;+yD;/ zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifI &JrGefwyfpcef;wGifxdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? aemufydkif;wGif aetdrfjyefydk@
Itus,fcsKyfcsxm;+yD;/ 2001 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (26)&ufae@naeydkif;wGifrS aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifhxdef;odrf;
xm;jcif;udkjyefvnf¶kyfodrf;ay;cJhonf?
2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGif ucsifjynfe,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;c&D;pOftwGif;/ ppfudkif;wdkif;/ a¶$bdkc¶dkif/
'DyJ,if;+rdK@teD; tm%mydkifrsm;rS pepfwuswif}udKjyifqifwdkufcdkufcJhonfh/ aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHowfjzwf
wdkufcdkufr_twGif; toufraoyJzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cHcJh&+yD;/ ppfudkif;wdkif;/ uav;axmifwGifxdef;odrf;xm;&mrS
2004 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (14)&ufae@nydkif;wGif &efukef+rdK@aetdrfodk@jyefydk@jcif;cHcJh&+yD;/ tus,fcsKyfjzifhquf
vufxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onfrSm,ae@wdkifjzpfonf?
(5) a':atmifqef;pk=unf (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if
1945 ckESpf/ ZGefv (19)&ufae@wGif &efukef+rdK@YarG;zGm;cJhonf? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifha':cif=unf

wdk@.orD;jzpfonf? zcif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;vkyf}uHcH&pOfu(2)ESpforD;t¶G,fjzpfonf?
1949 ckESpfrS 1957 ckESpftxd &efukef+rdK@ pdef@z&efppfuGefAifhausmif;wGifynmoif=um;cJhonf?
1957 ckESpfrS 1960 jynfhESpftxd &efukef+rdK@ t*Fvdyfrufo'pfuGefAifhausmif;wGif qufvufynm
oif=um;cJhonf?
1960 jynfhESpfwGif rdcifjzpfola':cif=unf tdENd,EdkifiHqdkif&mjrefrmEdkifiHoHtrwf}uD;tjzpf cef@tyf
jcif;cH&ojzifh rdcifESifhtwltdENd,EdkifiH e,l;a'vD+rdK@odk@vdkufygcJhonf? a&¶_ESifhar&DuGefbifhausmif;(Convent
of Jesus and Mary)ESifh av'D¶S,f&D&rfaumvdyf(Lady Shri Ram College)wdk@Yqufvufynmoif=um;
onf?
1962-63 ckESpfrsm;wGif a'vDwuUodkvfY EdkifiHa&;ody`Hbmom&yfudkavhvmqnf;yl;cJhonf?
1964-67 ckESpfrsm;wGif atmufpzdk@wuUodkvf¶Sd[l@pfaumvdyfY '\eduaA'/ EdkifiHa&;ody`HESifhpD;yGm;
a&;ynm&yfrsm;udkavhvmqnf;yl;cJh+yD; 0dZ…m*k%fxl;bGJ@udk&¶SdcJhonf?
1968 ckESpfwGif vef'efwuUodkvf ta¶S@wdkif;ESifhtmz&duavhvma&;Xme/ EdkifiHa&;ody`HXmeY okaw
oevufaxmuftjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf?
1969-71 ckESpfrsm;wGif e,l;a,muf ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;csKyf¶Hk;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifhb¾m
a&;qdkif&mudpP&yfrsm;t}uHay;aumfrwD(Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary
Questions, United Nations Secretariat, New York)wGif vufaxmuftwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;
aqmifcJhonf?
1972 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGif a'gufwmrdkufu,ftJ&pfESifhvufxyfcJhonf? (a'gufwmrdkuf
u,ftJ&pfonf+Adwdo#vlrsdK;wOD;jzpfonf? atmufpzdk@wuUodkvfrSynm¶SifwOD;jzpf+yD;/ ajrmufydkif;Ak'<bmom
r[m,e. vlr_a&;ESifh,Ofaus;r_qdkif&mordkif;a=umif;udktxl;jyKavhvmaeaomokawoeynm¶Sifjzpfonf?
- 343 -
,if;ynm&yfESifhoufqdkif;aom pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;udkvnf;a&;om;jyKpkxkwfa0cJhonf?) a'gufwmrdkufu,f
tJ&pfESifh om;ESpfa,mufxGef;um;cJhonf? om;}uD; tvufZef;'g;(c)jrifhqef;atmifESifh om;i,f uifrf(c)
xdefvif;wdk@jzpfonf?
1972-73 ckESpfrsm;wGif blwefEdkifiH EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;¶kH;wGif ukvor*~udpPrsm;qdkif&mt}uHay;
t&m¶Sdtjzpfwm0efxrf; aqmifcJhonf?
1975-77 ckESpfrsm;wGif atmufpzdk@wuUodkvf abmh'vD,efpm=unfhwdkufY jrefrmpmtkyfESifhayyk&
ydk'fuufwavmufjyKpkolynm¶Siftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf?
1985-86 ckESpfrsm;wGif *syefEdkifiHusdKwdkwuUodkvf ta¶S@awmiftm¶Sqdkif&mavhvma&;XmewGif
okawoeynm¶Siftjzpf oGm;a&mufokawoejyKcJhonf?
1987 ckESpfwGif tdENd,EdkifiH qif;rvm;+rdK@¶Sd txl;avhvmokawoejyKa&; tdENd,ody`HXmewGif
okawoeynm¶Siftjzpf okawoejyKcJhonf?
1987 ckESpfwGif vef'efwuUodkvf ta¶S@wdkif;ESifhtmz&duavhvma&;XmewGif wifoGif;&ef bGJ@vGef
pmwrf;wapmifudkjyKpkv#uf¶Sdonf? ,if;pmwrf;trnfrSm (1910-1940 ckESpftwGif; jrefrmpmaywGif ¶dk;&m
tpOftvmtopfjzpfay:xGef;um;r_ESifh trsdK;om;a&;0g')[lIjzpfonf?
1988 ckESpf jrefrmjynfodk@jyefvmonfhtcg vef'efwuUodkvfta¶S@wdkif;ESifhtmz&duavhvma&;Xme
wGifavhvmjcif;udk&yfem;vdkuf&onf?
1989 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (20)&ufae@rSpI EdkifiHawmftm; aESmifh,SufzsufqD;vdkolrsm;. ab;tEW&m,f
rS umuG,fapmifha¶Smufonfh Oya'yk'fr 10(c)t& a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; aetdrfwGifwm;qD;rdef@xkwf
jyefI wm;qD;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh xdef;odrf;jcif;cHae&pOf 1989 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (22)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdk
ua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJwGif yg0if,SOf+ydKifrnfjzpfa=umif; ausnmcJhonf?
EdkifiHa&;}udK;yrf;r_rsm;a=umifh 20-7-98 ae@rSpI xdef;odrf;cHcJh&ygonf? txdef;odrf;cHae&
v#ufESifhyif rdrdtzGJ@csKyf. 'Drdkua&pDenf;vrf;t&qHk;jzwfcsufudk av;pm;aomtm;jzifh‚if;/ wdkif;ol
jynfom;wdk@. trSefw&m;ESifhudkufnDaom vdktyfcsufrsm;udk wwfpGrf;oa¶G@ ulnDjznfhpGufvdkaom
a=umifh‚if;/ 'Drdkua&pDudkvdkvm;aom jynfolvlx}k uD;.ZGJowWdudk *k%fjyKaomtm;jzifh‚if; 1989
ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv A[ef;+rdK@e,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;
pDppfa¶G;cs,fa&;tzGJ@. qHk;jzwfcsufudkvdkufemI a¶G;aumufyGJwGif yg0if,SOf+ydKifvdkolwOD;tjzpf
trnfpm&if;wifoGif;vdkufygonf?
atmifqef;pk=unf
22-12-89
odk@aomf wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDtm;udk,fpm;jyKI &efukefwdkif;/ A[ef;+rdK@e,f rJqEN
e,ftrSwf(1)wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifh,SOf+ydKif&eftqdkjyKxm;jcif;cH&ol OD;vbef*a&mifrS uef@uGufv$m
wifoGif;cJh&m yef;qdk;wef;trSwf(1)wGif zGifhvSpfppfaq;cJhonfh &efukefwdkif;a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufyGJusif;ya&;
aumfr¶SifrSvufcHppfaq;I a¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 10 (i)jzifhndpGef;onf[kqdkum a':atmifqef;pk=unf.
trnfpm&if;wifoGif;v$mudky,fcscJhojzifh 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcGifhr&¶SdyJjzpfcJh&onf?
1991 ckESpftwGuf+idrf;csrf;a&;EdkbJvfqkcsD;jr‡ifhjcif;cH&onf? 1991 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (10)&ufae@wGif
aemfa0EdkifiH/ atmfpvdk+rdK@awmfwGifusif;yonfh qkcsD;jr‡ifhyGJtcrf;tem;odk@udk,fwdkifrwufa&mufEdkifojzifh om;
}uD;jzpfol jrifhqef;atmifu rdcifudk,fpm;wufa&mufqk,lcJhonf?
1995 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (10)&ufae@wGif aetdrt f us,fcsKyftjzpfwm;qD;xm;onfhtrdef@tm; tm%m
ydkifrsm;rS ¶kyfodrf;ay;cJhonf?
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e,l;a,muftajcpdkuf “rpf” (MS) r*~Zif;rS 1995 ckESpftwGuf trsdK;orD;xl;c|efqk (12)OD;a¶G;cs,f
cJh&mwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfyg0ifonf?
2000 jynfhESpf/ rwfv (18)&ufae@wGif tdkif,mvefEdkifiH/ 'AŠvif+rdK@(Dublin)wGif a':atmifqef;pk
=unftm; 'AŠvif+rdK@awmf“vGwfvyfa&;qk”*k%fjyKcsD;jr‡ifhcJhonf? olrudk,fpm; om;i,fxdefvif;(Kim
Aris)rS qkvufcH,lcJhonf? *k%fjyKrSwfwrf;v$mtm; a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk,fwdkif wufa&mufvufrSwf
a&;xdk;Edkifonfhtcsdeftxd apmifhqdkif;xm;rnfjzpfonf? awmiftmz&duorRwa[mif; rpPwmref'Jvm;tm;
qkcsD;jr‡ifhcJhpOfuvnf; tvm;wl udk,fwdkifvufrw S fa&;xdk;Edkifonftxd rSwfwrf;v$mwGifcsefvSyfxm;cJhbl;
onf? tqdkygqkudk tar&dueforRwa[mif;rsm;jzpf=uonfh rpPwm*|eftufzfuae'D/ rpPwmbDvfuvifwef/
'kwd,ajrmufykwf &[ef;rif;}uD;*|efaygvfESihf rmomx&Dqmwkd@tm; csD;jr‡ifhcJh+yD;jzpfonf?
ouU&mZf 2000 ckESpftwGuf tdkif,mvefEdkifiH+rdK@awmf 'AŠviftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@rSay;tyfonfh +rdK@
awmf*k%fxl;aqmifqk a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifhyl;wGJ&¶SdcJhol a&mhcfaw;oH¶SifbdkEdkESifhtzGJ@rS a':atmifqef;pk
=unftm; *k%fjyKpyfqdkxm;onfh "Walk On" aw;oDcsif; 2002 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (27)&ufae@u tar&d
uefEdkifiH *&rfrDaw;*Dwqkay;yGJwGif taumif;qHk;qk&¶SdcJhonf?
2000 jynfhESpf/ =o*kwfv (24)&ufae@wGif 'kwd,OuUX ol&OD;wifOD;/ &efukefwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;
aumfrwD OuUX ocifpdk;jrifh/ &efukefwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0if a'gufwmrsdK;atmif/ tzGJ@csKyfvli,f(16)OD; ¡,mOf
armif;ESpfOD;tygt0if¢wdk@ESifhtwl &efukefwzufurf; 'v+rdK@rSwqifh &efukefwdkif;/ uGrf;+cHukef;+rdK@ESifh aumhrª;+rdK@
rsm;odk@ pnf;¶Hk;a&;udpPrsm;aqmif¶Gu&f ef &efukef+rdK@/ yef;qdk;wef;qdyfurf;rSwqifh c&D;xGuf&efpDpOfcJh&m/ yef;qdk;
wef;qdyfurf;wGif wem&DcGJcef@ tm%mydkifrsm;rSydwfqdk@xm;cJh+yD;rS wzufurf;odk@ul;cGifh&cJhonf? 'v+rdK@odk@
a&muf¶Sdonfhtcg }udKwifapmifhqdkif;aeonfhtzGJ@csKyfum;ESpfpD;jzifh uGrf;+cHukef;odk@c&D;xGufvmpOf 'v+rdK@rS
txGuf (3)rdkifcef@ta&muf usefppfom;&yfuGufwGif tm%mydkifrsm;rS a¶S@c&D;rqufEdkif&ef twif;t"rR
ydwfqdk@wm;jrpfxm;cJhojzifh tqdkygae&mwGifyif c&D;qufxGufEdkifonftxd tajccsapmifhqdkif;aecJh&m (9)&uf
ajrmufae@jzpfonfh pufwifbmv (1)&ufae@ n 11;15 tcsdefwGif &JwyfzGJ@ESifhppfaxmufvSrf;a&; tiftm;
(300)ausmfu a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifhtzGJ@tm; 0ifa&mufpD;eif;+yD; twif;t=uyfzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifac:aqmif
+yD; &efukef+rdK@odk@jyefydk@I 2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (1) &ufae@rS (14)&ufae@txd 'kwd,t}udrf aetdrf
tus,fcsKyfjzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv (21)&ufae@wGif 'kwd,OuUX ol&OD;wifOD;ESifhtwl tzGJ@0ifrsm;
vdkufygv#uf tzGJ@csKyfv_yf¶Sm;r_r¶SdEdkif&efydwfyifwm;qD;r_rsm;/ tzGJ@csKyf¶Hk;rsm;ydwfapjcif;/ qdkif;bkwfrsm;csapjcif;
rsm;udk pHkprf;avhvm&ef yxrc&D;pOftjzpf naerD;&xm;jzifh rEWav;odk@oGm;a&muf&efpDpOfcJh&m rD;&xm;
vufrSwfukefaeonf[k ta=umif;jyIvufrSwfa&mif;ray;yJ aemufwae@eHeufapm 2000 jynfhESpf/ pufwif
bmv (22)&ufae@wGif &efukefblwm}uD;rS t"rRaetdrfjyefydk@+yD;/ wwd,t}udrf aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh
zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif; cHcJh&onf?
2001 ckESpftwGuf *smreDEdkifiHtajcpdkuf EdkifiHwum EdkifiHa&;ESifh,Ofaus;r_rsm; vGwfvyfpGmaygif;
pnf;a&;qdkif&m qkay;a&;tzGJ@}uD;. Collegue United Nations qk&¶SdcJhonf? tqdkygqk&¶Sdolrsm;teuf
a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf yxrqHk;trsdK;orD;jzpfonf? 1999 ckESpfwGif ydkvefEdkifiHorRwESifh 2000 jynfhESpf
wGif [efa*&DEdkifiH 0ef}uD;csKyfESifhEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme 0ef}uD; rpPwm[Gef;wdk@&¶SdcJh+yD;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf
onf wwd,ajrmufqk&¶Sdoljzpfonf?
2002 ckESpf/ arv (6)&ufae@wGif aetdrftus,fcsKyfrS jyefvnfvGwfajrmufcJhonf?
2002 ckESpf/ arv (25)&ufae@wGif usif;ycJhonfh tar&duefEdkifiH e,l;a,muf+rdK@¶Sd bmhofaumvdyf
. (142)}udrfajrmuf bGJ@ESif;obiftcrf;tem;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; *k%fxl;aqmifyg&*lbGJ@csD;jr‡ifhcJh
onf? tvm;wl 0g¶Sifwef'DpD¶Sd tar&duef,leDAmpDwD. 1996 ckESpf/ aqmif;&moDbGJ@ESif;obiftcrf;tem;
wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; *k%fxl;aqmifyg&*lbGJ@csD;jr‡ifhcJhbl;onf?
- 345 -
2002 ckESpf/ arv (23)&ufae@wGif &JabmfoHk;usdyf0ifAdkvfrª;atmifOD;aqmifonfh 0g&ifhEdkifiHa&;orm;
}uD;rsm;u 0g&ifhEdkifiHa&;orm;}uD;ocifodef;az.aetdrfY aetdrftus,fcsKyfrSjyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmonfh
a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; *k%fjyKyGJusif;y+yD;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf a¶S@quf+yD;aqmif¶Guf&rnfh 'Drdkua&pD
wdkufyGJtwGuf t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ@rsm;tm; vGwfvyfa&;twGufwdkufcJh&mwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;udkifpGJcJhaom
oHk;a&mifjc,f ua'gif;tvHESifh *syefzufqpfrsm;tm;wdkufcdkufcJh&mwGifudkipf GJcJhonfh teDa&mifaemufcH/ axmifh
=u,fjzLtvHwdk@udk trSwfw& ay;tyfcJhonf?
2002 ckESpftwGuf tar&duefEdkifiH z&D;'rf;zdk&rftzG@J}uD;(Freedom Forum)rScsD;jr‡ifhonfh vGwfvyf
aompdwf"gwfqk (Al Neuharth Free Spirit) &¶SdcJhonf? qka=u;tjzpf tar&duefa':vmwoef;csD;jr‡ifh
jcif;cHcJh&onf?
2002 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (20)&ufae@wGif *&dEdkifiH atoif+rdK@awmfrS atoifEdkifiHwum'Drdkua&pD
qk (Athens International Prize for Democracy) &¶SdcJhonf? qktjzpf 'Drdkua&pDzcif}uD; Pericles .
udk,fwydkif;¶kyfwkwckESifh Honorary Citizen of Athens [kpmwef;xdk;xm;onfh a¶$wHqdyfwckjzpfonf?
a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf tqdkygqk&¶Sdonfh yxrqHk;yk*~dKvfjzpfonf?
2002 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (16)&ufae@wGif jyifopfEdkifiH/ yJ&pf+rdK@wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; ,leuf
pudk(UNESCO) tzGJ@}uD;. onf;cHpdwf¶Snfr_ESifh t=urf;rzufr_jr‡ifhwifa&;qdkif&m(Madanjeet Singh)qk
csD;jr‡ifhcJhonf? qkaiG a':vmwodef;csD;jr‡ifhjcif;jzpfonf?
2002 ckESpftwGuf pDtifeftifef(CNN)EdkifiHwumowif;Xme. tm¶Sa'o. ta&;t}uD;qHk;
xdyfwef;owif;(10)yk'fwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf aetdrftus,fcsKyfrSvGwfajrmufvmonfhowif; azmfjy
yg¶SdcJhonf? tjcm;owif;rsm;rSm tif'dkeD;¶Sm;EdkifiH bmvDu|ef;wGif AHk;cGJcHcJh&onfhowif;/ ta¶S@wDarmEdkifiHopf
ay:xGef;vmonfhowif;/ ygupPwefEdkifiHwGif ppftkyfcsKyfa&;rS t&yfom;tkyfcsKyfa&;odk@ ajymif;vJonfhowif;/
w¶kwfjynfol@orRwEdkifiH acgif;aqmiftajymif;tvJowif;/ udk&D;,m;u|ef;qG,f wifrmr_owif;/ ponfwdk@
jzpfonf?
+AdwdefEdkifiHrSxkwfv$ifhonfh bDbDpDrsufarSmufa&;&mtpDtpOfrS +AdwdefEdkifiHaomw¶Sifrsm;. qENrJay;
onfhtpDtpOfwGif ‘*k%fxl;aqmif+AdwdefEdkifiHom;tjzpf EdkifiHwumrSyk*~dKvfxl;rsm;xJrS rnfhol@tm;ay;rnf
enf;’[lonfh qENrJay;cef;wGif aomw¶Sif(51)&mcdkifE_ef;u a':atmifqef;pk=unftm;qENay;cJh=uonf?
tar&dueforRwa[mif; bDvfuvifweftm; (18)&mcdkifE_ef;u qENay;cJhonf?
2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGif ppfudkif;wdkif;/ a¶$bdkc¶dkif/ 'DyJ,if;+rdK@teD;wGif etz vufyg;ap
rsm;.acsmif;ajrmif;wdkufcdkufr_cHcJh&&mrStoufraovGwfajrmufcJh+yD; a&OD;+rdK@t0if*dwfta&mufwGif tm%m
ydkifrsm;rSzrf;qD;cJh+yD; a&OD;&Jpcef;wGif,m,Dxdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? a&OD;&Jpcef;{nfhcef;rS aemufwae@(31-5-
2003)eHeuf(1)em&DwGif &Jarrsm;rSum;wpD;ay:odk@twif;t=uyfwifaqmifI ac:aqmifvmcJh&m/ trSwf(6)
wifhum;wyf&if;{nfh&dyfomwGifw}udrf/ rif;bl;+rdK@¶Sd ppfwyf{nfh&dyfomwGifw}udrf&yfem;+yD;aemuf ZGefv
(2)&ufae@ eHeuf(8)em&D(20)rdepfwGif tif;pdefaxmifodk@ydk@aqmifxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ZGefv(24)&ufae@
txd tif;pdefaxmiftwGif;¶Sd tdrfi,fwvHk;wGifxdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? ZGefv(24)&ufae@wGif tif;pdefaxmifrS
&JrGefwyfpcef;¶Sd &Jacgif&dyfomodk@ajymif;a¶$@xm;cJh&mrS pufwifbmv(16)&ufae@wGif aq;¶HkwufcGJpdwfuko&ef
vdktyfvmI &efukef+rdK@ tm¶Sawmf0ifaq;¶Hkodk@a&muf¶SdcJh+yD;/ cGJpdwfukor_cH,lt+yD; pufwifbmv(26)&ufae@
aq;¶HkrSqif;cGifhjyKonfhtcg aetdrfjyefydk@I pwkwˆt}udrfaetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifhxdef;odrf;xm;cJhonfrSm ,ae@
wdkifjzpfonf?
2004 ckESpf/ {+yDv (27)&ufae@wGif awmifudk&D;,m;EdkifiH ar (18) atmufarhzG,fazmifa';¶Sif;rS
a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; 2004 ckESpftwGuf “*Grf*sL;vl@tcGifhta&;qk”csD;jr‡ifhcJhonf? awmifudk&D;,m;
orRwc|ef'l;0Srfvufxuf 1980 jynfhESpf/ arv (18)&ufae@u qdk;vf+rdK@awmf.awmifbuf *Grf*sL;+rdK@wGif 'Drdk
ua&pDESifhvl@tcGifhta&;twGuf awmif;qdkqENjy=uonfh ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh jynfolrsm;tm; ppfwyfrS
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ypfcwfowfjzwfcJhojzifh tjypfrJhjynfol axmifESifhcsDIaoqHk;cJh&onfh ta&;tcif;tm;trSwfw&jzpfap&ef
“*Grf*sL; ar (18) azmifa';¶Sif;”udk zGJ@pnf;cJhjcif;jzpf+yD;/ tqdkygazmifa';¶Sif;rS a':atmifqef;pk=unfuJhodk@yif
,cifu tqdkygqkudk ta¶S@wDarmorRw Zmemem*wfpfrmtdk/ a[mifaumifvl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@rS zmpDzmem
'dkwdk@tm; csD;jr‡ifhcJhbl;onf?
(6) OD;vGif (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if
OD;vGifonf oHk;cG+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

1924 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (22)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;bom.om;jzpfonf? OD;vGifonf 1942 ckESpf/
'kwd,urBmppf}uD;rwdkifrD &efukef+rdK@wGif oli,fwef;rSq,fwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1942 ckESpfrS
1945 ckESpftxd ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)/ ArmhrsdK;cspf
wyfrawmf(yDbDtufzf)wdk@wGifyg0ifcJhonf? bDd'Dat yxrywfAdkvfoifwef;qif;/ *syefjynf bk&ifhwyfrawmf
ppfwuUodkvfausmif;qif;/ 1946 ckESpfwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&Sd/ oeu(5)wdk@rS Adkvfr–;}uD;txd/ 1952 ckESpfrS
1954 ckESpftxd tqifhjrifhppfoifwef;rsm;udk t*Fvefjynf ppfwuUodkvfwdk@wGifwufcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfrS
1980 jynfhESpftxd ppfoHr–;(tar&duefjynfaxmifpk)/ 'kwd,wdkif;r–;/ wdkif;r–;/ 'kwd,0ef}uD;/ 0ef}uD;/ 'kwd,
0ef}uD;csKyf/ EkdifiHawmfaumifpD0if/ 1980 jynfhESpfwGiftem;,lcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)/
EkdifiHh*k%f&nf(yxrqifh)/ oD&dysHcsDbJG@wkd@csD;jr‡ifhcH&onf? 1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmf
yHk}uD;+yD;aemuf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif b¾ma&;Xmer–;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJhonf? OD;wifOD;/ OD;=unf
armif/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@ zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&+yD;aemuf 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&ufae@wGif jyef
vnfzGJ@pnf;onfh tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@wGif twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf ae
tdrftus,fcsKyfrS jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvm+yD;aemuf 1995 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae@wGif jyefvnf
zGJ@pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwDY twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf jyefvnfwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf?
(7) OD;vSaz (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if
OD;vSazonf armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,f

onf? tz OD;armifqkdif(¶kyf¶Sif¶Hkrefae*sm)/ trd a':tkef;oifwdk@rS 1927 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (19)&ufae@wGif
arG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;vSazonf armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@ OD;armifaxG;txufwef;ausmif;ESifh +rdK@rtxufwef;ausmif;
wkd@wGif (10)wef;txfdynmoif=um;cJhonf? ausmif;om;or*~ESifh ausmif;om;oHr%dwyfzGJ@ Xmerª;/ ajrmif;jr
c¶dkif ausmif;om;or*~ tvkyftr_aqmifjzpfcJh+yD;/ ausmif;om;oydwfESifh ArmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf t*Fvdyf
e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;wdkufyGJrsm;wGif 'dk@Armtpnf;t¶Hk;/ vuf¶Hk;wyfrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1942
ckESpfrS 1945 ckESpftwGif; armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@/ rD;owftpnf;t¶Hk;wGifyg0ifcJh&if; zufqpf*syefrsm;udkawmfvSef
&ef ajratmufawmfvSefa&;twGuf jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkygwD twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf?
1946 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftwGif; armfv+rdKifu|ef;+rdK@e,f Armjynfqdk¶S,fvpfygwDESifh ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m
awmifolv,form;tpnf;t¶Hk; twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ ajrmif;jrc¶dkif qdk¶S,fvpfygwDESifh (z-q-
y-v)tzGJ@ twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ v,f,majrEdkifiHydkifjyKvkyfa&;0ef}uD;Xme ygvDreftwGif;0ef
tjzpfvnf;aumif;aqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1958 ckESpfrS 1962 ckESpftwGif; {&m0wDwdkif;(z-q-y-v)tzGJ@
twGif;a&;rª;ESifh (A-w-v-p)XmecsKyf wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;(pnf;¶Hk;a&;)wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1968
ckESpfrS 1987 ckESpftxd ydk@aqmifqufoG,fa&;0ef}uD;XmewGif !‡dE_dif;a&;t&m&Sdtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ pDrHudef;
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ESifhvkyfief;aqmif¶Gufa&;OD;pD;XmewGif wdkif;OD;pD;rª;tjzpfvnf;aumif; wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1986 ckESpf
wGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)/ jynfaxmifpkorRw a¶$wHqdyfqk/ EdkifiHh*k%f&nf
('kwd,qifh)wdk@&¶SdcJhonf? 1350 jynfhESpf (1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif vGwfvyfa&;
wdkufyGJtpOftvm¶SdcJh=uaom EdkifiHa&;&Jabmfrsm;ESifhtwl jynfolw&yfvHk;.qENjzpfonfh 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&
ay:aygufa&;twGuf a=unmcsufxkwfjyefjcif;/ ygw*D dk%f;*%uif;¶Sif;aom wckwnf;aomawmifolv,f
orm;tzGJ@ay:ayguf&ef aqG;aEG;!d‡Ed_if;+yD; (,m,D) tajccHrsm;zGJ@cJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[kd
OD;pD;tzGJ@0if/ A[kdawmifolv,form;tzJG@ twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? yJcl;wdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzGJ@0if
wm0ef yl;wGJaqmif¶GufcJhonf? {&m0wDwkdif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;tzJG@0ifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&uf
ae@wGif jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfwdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf?
1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufae@wGifzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDwGif tzGJ@0if
jzpfvmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGifjzpfyGm;cJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowf
jzwfr_jzpfyGm;pOf etz rS aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzpfh xdef;odrf;xm;cJh&mrS 2003 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif
jyefvGwfonf?
(8) OD;pdk;jrifh (ocifpdk;jrifh) (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if
OD;pdk;jrifh(c)ocifpdk;jrifhonf awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@

csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(13959)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²29)jzifh a&G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1923 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (16)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? OD;&Sdef.om;jzpfonf? OD;pdk;jrifh(c)
ocif pdk;jrifhonf ajrmif;jr+rdK@wGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm (6)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? ajrmif;jr+rdK@e,f
wkd@Armtpnf;t¶Hk; twGif;a&;r–;/ e,fcsJ@ESifhzufqpfawmfvSefa&;ajratmufacgif;aqmif/ ArmhumuG,fa&;
wyfrawmf(bD'Dat) wyf&if;r–;/ ykodrfc¶dkif jrpf0u|ef;ay:wkdif; ppfaumfrwD0if/ jynfol@ta&;awmfyHkygwD
wnfaxmif&m wGifyg0ifcJh+yD;/ qdk&S,fvpfygwD ajrmif;jrc¶fdkif OuUXESifh A[dkOD;pD;tzJG@0if/ z-q-y-v A[dkOD;pD;/
A-w-v-p A[dktvkyftr_aqmif/ qdk&S,feD A[dkaumfrwD0if/ jynfol@vli,ftzJG@csKyf 'kwd,OuUX/ 1953
ckESpf AD,ifem urBmhvli,fnDvmcHoGm; udk,fpm;vS,f/ vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)&cJhonf?
t,f'Dwm/ pmðy/ (17) vkdif;tkyfcsKyfa&;r–;ponfjzifh b0rsm;pGmusifvnfcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
A[dktr_aqmif/ A[dkv,form;rsm;tzJG@ acgif;aqmif/ &efukefwdkif;pnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD OuUX wm0ef,lcJhonf?
ocifpkd;jrifhonf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. *ENDqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; e0w u v$wfawmfac:,lcGifhray;v#if
vkyfaqmifoifh onfenf;vrf;oHk;oG,f pmwrf;ukda&;om;ðypk&mwGifyg0ifcJojzifh oufqdkif&mrSacwWzrf;qD;
xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&uf ae@wGifjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@
wGif tzGJ@0iftjzpfwdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufae@wGif zGJ@pnf;
cJhonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDwGif tzGJ@0ifjzpfvmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@wGif
jzpfyGm;cJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufowfjzwfr_jzpfyGm;pOf etz rS aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh
xdef;odrf;xm;cJh&mrS 2003 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif jyefvGwfonf?
(9) OD;vGef;wif (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if
Akdvfr–;}uD;vGef;wif(t+idrf;pm;)onf armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD

tzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m ckdifvHkrJ(39624)rJ/ pkkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(77²29)jzifh a&G;cs,f
wifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? armfv+rdKif+rdK@e,f/ aumhESyf&GmZmwdjzpfonf? rGeftrsKd;om;Ak'<bmom0ifjzpfonf?
tz OD;xGef;vif;/ trd a':odef;arwkd@rS 1921 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? Akdvfr–;}uD;vGef;wif
- 348 -
(t+idrf;pm;)onf 1928 ckESpfrS 1932 ckESpftxd ajrmif;jr+rdK@/ atbDtrf trsKd;orD;tv,fwef;ausmif;/
1932 ckESpfrS 1941 ckESpftxd ajrmif;jr+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wkd@wGif q,fweff;atmifjrifonftxd
ynmoif=um;cJhI 1941-42 ckESpf/ ppfjzpfcsdefwGif Oypmatmufwef;txd &efukef,leDAmpDwDaumvdyfwGif
ynmoif=um;cJhonf? ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf(bDtdkifat)wGif tjcm;tqifhjzihf 1942 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&D
v (1)&ufae@rS 1942 ckESpf/ rwfv (16)&ufae@txd/ ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat)wGif t&m&Sd
tqifhjzihf 1942 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (27)&ufae@rS 1945 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&ufae@txd/ ArmhrsKd;cspfwyfrawmf
(bDyDtufzf)wGif t&m&Sdtqihfjzihf 1945 ckESpf/ rwfv (27)&ufae@rS 1945 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (31)&ufae@
txd EkdifiHhwm0efrsm;udkxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1945 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (1)&ufae@wGif *ENDpmcsKyft&zJG@pnf;
aomArmhwyfrawmfwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m&SdjzpfvmcJhonf? oeu(5)wGif wyf&if;r–;tjzpf 1953 ckESpf/ ZGefv
(11)&ufae@rS 1953 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (2)&ufae@txd/ cv&(22)wGif wyf&if;r–;tjzpf 1953 ckESpf/
atmufwdkbmv (3)&ufae@rS 1955 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (28)&ufae@txd cv&(6)wGif wyf&if;r–;tjzpf 1955
ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (29)&ufae@rS 1957 ckESpf/ rwfv (29)&ufae@txd/ cv&(14)wGif wyf&if;r–;tjzpf 30-3-
1957 ckESpf/ rwfv (30)&ufae@rS 1958 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (18)&ufae@txdf/ trSwf(11) wyfr[mXmecsKyf
wGif ,m,Dwyfr[mrSL;tjzpf 1958 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (19)&ufae@rS 1959 ckESpf/ arv (19)&ufae@txd/
trSwf(1) wyfr[mXmecsKyfwGif ,m,Dwyfr[mrª;tjzpf 1959 ckESpf/ arv (25)&ufae@rS 1961 ckESpf/
=o*kwfv (16)&ufae@txd/ trSwf(7) wyfr[mXmecsKyfwGif wyfr[mrSL;tjzpf 1961 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (17)
&ufae@rS 1963 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (15)&ufae@txd/ taemufajrmufwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf wkdif;rSL;tjzpf 1963
ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (16)&ufae@rS 1965 ckESpf/ {+yDv (29)&ufae@txdf/ 1965 ckESpf/ {+yDv (29)&ufae@rSpI
u-u-csKyf(=unf;)odk@ wJGzufwm0ef/ taemufajrmufwdkif;ppfXmecsKyfwGif wkdif;rSL;tjzpfaqmif&GufpOf
bkef;}uD;ta&;tcif;Yyg0ifywfoufr_jzihf 1965 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (1)&ufae@rS 1967 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv
(27)&ufae@txd zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? umuG,fa&;Xme aumifpD!$ef=um;csuftrSwf 1§64/ tydk'f
(6-1)t& 1968 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (25)&ufae@rSpI ppfr_xrf;aqmifjcif;rS&yfpJcHcJh&I 1968 ckESpfrS 1978
ckESpftxd trSwf(1)pufr_0ef}uD;Xme !$ef=um;a&;rª;csKyf/ 1978 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd tvkyform;Xme
!$ef=um;a&;rª;csKyf/ 1981 ckESpfrS 1983 ckESpftxd tvkyform;Xme t}uHay;yk*~dKvftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf?
1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;+yD;onfhaemuf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfodk@0if
cJhonf? rsKd;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzJG@ A[dktvkyftr_aqmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkOD;pD;ESifh rGefjynf
e,fpnf;¶Hk;a&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? jyefwrf;0if wyfrawmft&m&SdtrSwf (=unf;-3618)jzpf
onf? 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@wGiftm%modrf;cJhonfh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;OD;aqmifaom awmfvSefa&;
aumifpDwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDa=unmcsuftrSwf(34)jzifh 1962 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&ufae@wGif awmfvSef
a&;aumifpD0iftjzpf cef@tyfcHcJh&onf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD wif;jynfhygwD0ifvnf;jzpfcJhonf?
1350 jynfh(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif wyfrSL;a[mif;rsm;tzJG@0iftjzpf yg0ifv_yf&Sm;
cJhonf? vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if(yxrqifh)/ EdkifiHh*k%f&nf(yxrqifh)/ oD&dysHcsD/ aZ,sausmfxif/ oD[Av
wHqdyfwkd@tygt0if qkwHqdyf(7)ck&¶SdcJhonf? 1951 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (9)&ufae@wGif a':oef;=unfESifh vuf
xyfcJhonf? 1991 ckESpf/ rwfv (26)&uf ae@wGif jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;onfh A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@wGif
tzGJ@0iftjzpfwdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1996 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (9)&ufae‹wGif topfjyef
vnfzGJŒpnf;onfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf A[dkaumfrwDY A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0if/ rGefjynfe,f
wm0efcHtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufae@wGifzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDwGif tzGJ@0ifjzpfvmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30)&ufae@nwGif
jzpfyGm;cJhonfh tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkif yg0ifywfoufpDpOfusL;vGefcJhonfh 'DyJ,if;aoG;acsmif;pD;vkyf}uHwdkuf
cdkufowfjzwfr_}uD;jzpfyGm;t+yD;wGif aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&+yD; 2003 ckESpf/ Edk0if
bmv (24)&ufae@wGifjyefvGwfonf?
- 349 -
(10) OD;!Gef@a0 (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if
OD;!Gef@a0onf awmifil+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

1926 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (14)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;baqG.om;jzpfonf? OD;!Gef@a0onf &efukef
wuUodkvfrS 0dZ…m(abm*aA')*k%fxl;ESifh [m;AwfwuUodkvfrS r[m0dZ…m(tkyfcsKyfa&;)bJG@wkd@&¶SdcJhonf? 1947
ckESpf (1)ESpftwGif;vGwfvyfa&;&&Sd&efjyifqifr_wGif z-q-y-v tzJG@csKyfuay;aom acgif;aqmifoifwef;
qif; 1947 ckESpfrS 1952 ckESpftxd wuUodkvfausmif;om;acgif;aqmif/ 1952 ckESpfrS 1986 ckESpftxd
!ìef=um;a&;r–;/ A[dkpm&if;tif;ESifhabm*aA'Xme/ pufr_vufr_b%f/ refae*smcsKyf/ pdkufysKd;a&;b%f/ tmrcH
aumfydka&;&Sif; OD;aqmif!ìef=um;a&;r–;/ 1986 ckESpfwGif oufjynfht+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyf A[dktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwD0if jzpfonf?
(11) EdkifxGef;odef; (rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@) tzGJ@0if
EdkifxGef;odef;onf oHjzLZ&yf+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@tm; udk,f

onf? OD;atmif'Gef;.om;jzpfonf? 1917 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (31)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? EdkifxGef;odef;
onf 1938 ckESpf/ arvwGif t*Fvdyf-jrefrm(10)wef;atmifjrifcJhonf? 1945 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif ody`HbGJ@
(B.Sc.)&¶SdcJhonf? 1946 ckESpfwGif &mrnwdkif;vHk;qdkif&m rGeftzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;/ 1947-48
ckESpfwGif usdKufcrD(*)e,f ynmtkyf/ 1949 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd vufeufudkifrGefajratmuf awmfvSef
a&;tzGJ@acgif;aqmif/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd Oya'abmiftwGi;f rGefjynfol@wyfOD;tzGJ@ taxGaxG
twGif;a&;rª;tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1963 ckESpfrS 1969 ckESpftxd armfv+rdKifaxmifwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;
xm;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1969 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd armfv+rdKif+rdK@/ rGeftrsdK;om;ae@usif;ya&;aumfrwD
em,u/ rGefpmay+ydKifyGJqyfaumfrwD OuUX tjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@(A[dk)wGif
OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u 1990 jynfhESpf/
a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm; taumiftxnfazmfray;ojzifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;yg0ifonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfw&yfudk r=umrDac:,lrnfjzpfa=umif;/ 1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (21)&ufae@
wGifa=unmcJht+yD; ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkEdkifiHa&;ygwDacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfol EdkifxGef;odef;
tm; zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;
jyKaumfrwD (pDtm&fyDyD)wdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg rGeftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@.udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf yg0ifvmcJh
onf?
(12) ylusifh¶Sif;xef (ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf) tzGJ@0if
ylusifh¶Sif;xefonf wD;wdef+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)wGif ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uftm; udk,fpm;jyKI

0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(5418)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(41²51)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif; cHcJh&onf?
tz OD;qGrf;[ef.om;jzpfonf? 1938 ckESpf/ {+yDv (6)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ylusifh¶Sif;xef onf
Zrf;yDtpdk;& rlvwef;ausmif;/ wD;wdef+rdK@tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ rEWav;+rdK@wdkif;cspfausmif;wdk@wGif
ynmoif=um;cJhI 1958 ckESpfwGif q,fwef;atmifjrifonf? &efukefwuUodkvfY qufvufynmoif=um;
cJh&m 1963-64 ckESpf wGif csif;ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ OuUX/ xdkrS 1964 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHa&;ody`Hbmom/
- 350 -
t*Fvdyfpm/ pmpDpmuHk;wdk@jzifh 0dZ…mbGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? xdkESpfrSmyif r'Gef@cifanmifESifhvufxyfonf? 1964 ckESpfrS
1967 ckESpftxd &efukef wuUodkvf Oya'ynmXmewGif qufvufynmoif=um;cJh&m 1967 ckESpfwGif
0dZ…m(Oya')bGJ@/ 1968 ckESpfwGif Oya'0dZ…m (LL.B.) bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1969 ckESpfwGif tvkyfoifa¶S@ae/ 1971
ckESpfrSpI w&m;¶Hk;csKyfa¶S@aetjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? ylusifh¶Sif;xefonf i,fpOfausmif;om;b0uwnf;
uyif EdkifiHa&;v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;wGif wuf ºuGpGmyg0ifv_yf¶Sm;chonf? awmif}uD;nDvmcHodk@ ausmif;om;
or*~acgif;aqmifwOD;tjzpf wufa&mufcJh onf? 1961 ckESpfwGif jynfe,frsm;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@
tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@0iftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? jrefrmhqdk¶S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDESifh tm%m¶SifOD;ae0if;tm;
tpOfwpdkufqef@usifcJholwOD;jzpfonf? 1972 ckESpf wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' a&;qGJ
a&;twGuf jynfolrsm;xHrSt}uHOm%frsm;awmif;cH onfwGif zuf'&,fa&;&mudpP&yfrsm;ESifhywfoufI
a0zeft}uHay;cJhojzifh 1972 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (30)&ufae@rS 1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (3)&ufae@txd
&efukef+rdK@/ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;A[dkppfa=uma&;pcef;wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf; ppfa=umjcif;cHcJh&onf? xdk@aemuf
1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (4)&ufae@rS =o*kwfv (24)&ufae@ txd rEWav;tusOf;axmifwGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;
jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1986 ckESpfwGif uav;+rdK@e,fa¶S@ae}uD;rsm; tzGJ@wGif OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1992
ckESpf/ rwfv (12)&ufae@rS (19)&ufae@txd uav;+rdK@wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? jynfol@
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufcH&+yD;puwnf;u wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmif/ ZdkrD;
trsdK;om;uGef*&uf. OuUXjzpfojzifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;. teD;uyfapmifh =uyf=unfh¶_@r_udkcHcJh&oljzpfonf?
1992 ckESpf/ rwfv (12)&ufae@ eHeuf(4)em&DtcsdefwGif ppfaxmuf vSrf;a&;rS aetdrfodk@vma&mufzrf;qD;+yD;/
&efukef+rdK@odk@ac:aqmifum vlrqefpGmppfa=umar; jref;r_udkcHcJh&+yD; rwfv (19)&ufae@wGifrSjyefv$wf
ay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf? EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;tm; e0wrS zsufodrf;aeonfhumv 1993 ckESpf/ arv (10)&ufae@wGif
uav;+rdK@YxrfrHzrf;qD;cHcJh&+yD; aetdrftus,fcsKyfb0jzifh ppfaxmuf vSrf;a&;trSwf(17)rSt&m¶SdxH eHeuf
(8)em&Dw}udrf/ nae(5)em&Dw}udrf owif;ydk@aecJh&onf? a¶S@aetjzpf toufarG;0rf;a=umif;vkyfief;
udkygvkyfcGifhrjyKojzifh rdom;pkpm;0wfaea&;tcufawG@cJh&onf? ZGefv (1)&ufae@txdjzpfonf? 'Drdkua&pD
ESifhvl@tcGifhta&;twGufqufvufaqmif¶Gufojzifh 1996 ckESpf/ atmufwdk bmv (10)&ufae@rS (24)&uf
ae@txd xyfrHxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&jyefonf? ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;.n‡Of;yrf;ESdyfpufr_a=umifh usef;rma&;,dk,Gif;
vmonftxdjzpfcJh&onf? ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&ufA[dkwGif OuUX jzpfonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS
ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u 1990 jynfhESpf/ a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm; taumiftxnf azmfray;ojzifh wdkif;&if;
om;vlrsdK;pkjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;yg0ifonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfw&yfudk r=umrDac:,lrnfjzpf
a=umif;/ 1998 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (21)&ufae@wGiaf =unmcJht+yD; ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u wdkif;&if;om;
vlrsdK;pkEdkifiHa&;ygwDacgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfol ylusifh¶Sif;xeftm; 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (6)&uf ae@rS 1999
ckESpf/ rwfv (14)&ufae@txd &efukef+rdK@wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? yxr &JrGef¶Sd trSwf(220) ajcjref
wyf&if;wGifxdef;odrf;xm;cJh+yD;aemuf udk;rdkifcGJ¶SdppfaxmufvSrf;a&;wyfpcef;wGifajymif;a¶$@I oD;jcm;csKyfaESmif
xm;cJh&m ausmufuyfESifhtjcm;a&m*ga0'emrsm;jzpfyGm;cJh+yD;/ usef;rma&;csdK@,Gif;vmojzifh ppfaxmufvSrf;
a&;rSjyefv$wfay;cJhonf? jyefvGwfvm+yD; &efukef+rdK@/ qmul&maq;cef;wGif aq;0g;ukocJh& onf? 1999 ckESpf/
atmufwdkbmv (16)&ufae@wGif urBmhukvor*~ vufaxmuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;csKyf rpPwm
t,fvfAm¶dk'DqdkwdkrS wdkif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; &efukef+rdK@¶Sd/ ukvor*~ zGH@+zdK;r_
tpDtpOf¶Hk;wGif awG@qHkcJh&mwGif yg0ifojzifh 1999 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (3)&ufae@rS 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv
(15)&ufae@txd ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;.zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 2002 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23)
&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD(pDtm&fyDyD)wdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf
.udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf yg0ifvmcJhonf?
(13) cGefxGef;OD; (¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if
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cGefxGef;OD;onf oDayg+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm;
cJh&onf? OD;p0f=umZHk.om;jzpfonf? 1943 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (11)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? cGefxGef;OD;onf
1964 ckESpfwGif awmif}uD;+rdK@/ uarBmZaumvdyfrS wuUodkvf0ifwef;atmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1965 ckESpfwGif &efukef
wuUodkvfodk@wufa&mufI Oya'bmom&yfudk 'kwd,ESpftxdoif=um;cJhonf? 1967 ckESpfrS 1977 ckESpf
txd tif'dkeD;¶Sm;oH¶Hk; ppfoHrª;.udk,fa&;t&m¶Sd/ 1984 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHwumowif;pmjzef@csda&;ukr`%D/ *syef
Overseas Courier Service (tdkpDtufpf). owif;pmjzef@csda&;udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf aqmif¶GufcJhonf? &Srf;
wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf(A[dk) OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶Gufonf? 2002 ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv (23)
&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD(pDtm&fyDyD)wdk;csJ@zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg ¶Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGJ@csKyf.udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf yg0ifcJhonf?
(14) OD;vSarmif (rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@) (uG,fvGef) tzGJ@0if
t+idrf;pm;'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;OD;vSarmif(=unf;-5496)onf =umtif;qdyf}uD;jrdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1)wGif

rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@tm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(2054)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&m
cdkifE_ef;(71²79)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1936 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (26)&ufae@wGif tz OD;bdk;wpf/
trd a':rr}uD;wdk@rS arG;zGm;onf? +rdwf+rdK@/ oef;zdk&yf Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;vSarmifonf 'kwd,wef;txd +rdwf+rdK@
oef;zdk&yfwGif ausmif;aecJhonf? 1945 ckESpfrS 1953 ckESpftxd xm;0,f+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif
q,fwef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1954 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (20)&ufae@wGif wyfrawmfodk@ wyfom;tqifh
jzifhpwif0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1959 ckESpf/ ZGefvwGif jyefwrf;0ift&m¶Sd 'kwd,Adkvf ucsif(4)/ vdGKifvif/ ppfudkif;
usdKif;wHkwdk@wGif aEGOD;ppfqifa&;YygI aoewf'%f&m&¶SdcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif Adkvftqifh evu OuUX/ ppf
udkif;/ jynfc¶dkif oJukef;/ aygif;wnfwdk@wGif 1970 jynfhESpftxd wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1971 ckESpfwGif e,f
bufwm0efrS ppfbufwm0eftjzpf cv&(48) awmifilwGif wyfa&;/ wyfcGJrª; ponfjzifh atmifpdk;rdk;ppfqif
a&;wGif yg0ifcJhonf? 1972 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftxd tv,fydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf/ pcef;rª; r*Fvm'Hk/ awmifil
atmifpdk;rdk;ppfqifa&;wdk@wGifvnf;aumif;/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1979 ckESpftxd wyfcGJrª; Adkvfrª;/ ppfa=umif;rª;/ cv&
(65) rdkif;wHk/ usdKif;wHk/ rdkif;jyif;/ rdkif;pyfe,fajrwdk@wGif rdk;[def;(1)(2)(3)ppfqifa&;wdk@wGif yg0ifcJhonf? 1979 ck
ESpfwGif wyf&if;rª;/ cv&(97) aumhu&dwf/ jr0wD/ bm;tH/ 1984 ckESpfwGif 'kwd,Adkvfrª;}uD;tqifhjzifh wyfrS
t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? ZeD; a':oef;arESifh om;(4)a,muf/ orD;(3)a,muf¶Sdonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv
(8)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDyHkrSeftpnf;ta0;rS tzGJ@0ifopftjzpfvufcHcJhonf?
2003 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv (27)&ufae@wGif armfv+rdKif+rdK@aetdrfY uG,fvGefonf?
(15) OD;pdk;0if; (trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwD) tzGJ@0if
OD;pdk;0if;onf yJcl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwDtm;udk,fpm;jyKI0ifa&muf

,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(44288)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(72²33)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? anmifOD;+rdK@
Zmwdjzpfonf? 1945 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (7)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;=uifqdkifjzpfonf? OD;pdk;0if;onf 1968
ckESpfwGif &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS 0g%dZ…(pufr_ukefxkwf)bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf? 1968 ckESpfrS 1972 ckESpftxd
okawoevufaxmuf(pDrHudef;Xme) *kefeDpuf¶Hk/ tkwfusif;/ xdk@aemuf yHkESdyfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf? 1350
jynfhESpf(1988 ckESpf)/ jynfol@'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf. vHk+cHKa&;ESihv f lr_a&;
wm0ef ,lcJhonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwGif A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;tzGJ@0if/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
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ygwDwGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmif wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv (4)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;jyK aumfrwDyHkrSeftpnf;ta0;rS tzGJ@0ifopftjzpfvufcHcJhonf?
(16) OD;odef;az (woD;yk*~v) tzGJ@0if
OD;odef;azonf uef@bvl+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif woD;yk*~vtjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkif

vHkrJ(17364)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(47²34)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? 1940 jynfhESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv
(5)&ufae@zGm;jzpfonf? tz OD;boif.om;jzpfonf? [krRvif;+rdK@Zmwdjzpfonf? OD;odef;azonf [krRvif;+rdK@
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS 1958 ckESpfwGif wef;jrifhausmif;xGufpmar;yGJatmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1961 ckESpfwGif
vufaxmufusef;rma&;rª;oifwef; atmifjrifonf? 1961 ckESpfrSpI usef;rma&;rª;tjzpf aus;vufusef;rm
a&;Xmersm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh+yD;/ 1987 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,lcJhonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ pufwifbmv
(29)&ufae@u tr&yl&+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(2)rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;bbGm;.aetdrfwGif
jyKvkyfonfh ,m,Dtpdk;&zGJ@pnf;a&;v#dK@0Suftpnf;ta0;odk@ wufa&mufcJhojzifh oufqdkif&mrSzrf;qD;xdef;
odrf;jcif;cHcJh&onf? ,if;aemuf OD;odef;azonf jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (122)(1)t& jypfr_xif¶Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&
I jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (11)(n)ESifh+idpGef;ojzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS
y,fzsufvdkufa=umif; ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr¶SifrS 1992 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv
(22)&ufae@&ufpGJjzifha=unmcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (8)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyK
aumfrwDyHkrSeftpnf;ta0;rS tzGJ@0ifopftjzpfvufcHcJhonf?
(17) OD;ausmfrif; (trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD) tzGJ@0if
OD;ausmfrif;(c)rmarmufa¶Smif¶_tmaemf*lvma[mufonf bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)
wGif trsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(30997)rJ/
pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(74²39)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,f/ rdausmif;aps;¶GmZmwd
jzpfonf? tz OD;azmfaZmfa&mfref;/ trd a': avrefcgwlwdk@rS 1953 ckESpfwGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;ausmfrif;(c)
rmarmufa¶Smif¶_tmaemf*lvma[mufonf rdausmif;aps;¶Gmtpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;/ awmifbZmtpdk;&
tv,fwef;ausmif;/ bl;oD;awmif+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ ppfawG+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;
trSwf(1)wdk@wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1968 ckESpfwGif &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS bDuGrf;bGJ@&¶SdcJhonf?
1969 ckESpfwGif ppfawG+rdK@ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(3)wGif txufwef;jyausmif;q&m/ 1983 ckESpf
wGif ynma&;'DyvdkrmbGJ@&¶SdcJh+yD;/ bl;oD;awmif+rdK@e,f vufaxmufynma&;rª;/ 1985 ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;
ausmif;tkyftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh&mrS 1989 ckESpf/ rwfvwGif tvkyfrSEkwfy,fcHcJh&onf? trsdK;om;vl@
tcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD(r-v-'-y)wGif A[dktvkyftr_aqmifwm0ef,lcJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ 'DZifbm
v (4)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;jyK aumfrwDyHkrSeftpnf;ta0;rS tzGJ@0ifopftjzpfvufcHcJh
onf?
(18) OD;axmifcdkxef; (jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) tzGJ@0if
jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf0if ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSm ² ² ²
(1) &ckdif'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
(2) rGeftrsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
(3) watmif;(yavmif) trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
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(4) u&ifjynfe,f trsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf
(5) csif; trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
(6) u,m;jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pkH 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
(7) &Srf;jynfe,fwkdfif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
(8) &ckdiftrsdK;om;vl@tcGifhta&;ESihfjidrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@
(9) ZkdrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf
(10) awmifolv,forsm;/ u'l;ueef;ESihf&Srf;trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
(11) jynfaxmifpkytkd0hftrsdK;om;tzGJ@csKyf
(12) awmifykdif;csif;'Drkdua&pDygwD
(13) ucsiftrdsK;om;vkH;qkdif&muGef*&uf
(14) +rdK(ac:)crDtrsdK;om;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@
(15) awmifwef;om;rsm;'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD
(16) u,ef;trsdK;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@
(17) ucsifjynfe,ftrdsK;om;'Drkdua&wpfygwD
(18) tif;trdsK;om;tzGJ@csKyf
(19) &ckdiftrsdK;om;vlr_b0jr‡ifhwifa&;tzGJ@(r&rm}uD;)
(20) em*awmifwef;a'owkd;wufa&;ygwD
(21) vDql;trdsK;om;aoG;pnf;ckdifrma&;tzGJ@
(22) u&iftrsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDuGef*&uf
(23) r&mjynfol@ygwD
(24) vm;[ltrsdK;om;zGH@jzdK;wkd;wufa&;ygwD
(25) 0trsdK;om;zGH@+zdK;wkd;wufa&;ygwD
rSwfcsuf// ? &Srf;wkdfif;&if;om;rsm;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf tzGJ@0ifr[kwfaomfvnf;/ wkdif;&if;om;rsm;ta&;ESihf

'Drkdua&pDta&;rsm;wGif vufwGJyg0ifyl;aygif;aqmif&GufcJh}uolrsm;jzpfonf//
OD;axmifcdkxef;onf wrl;+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

tm;udk,fpm;jyKI 0ifa&muf,SOf+ydKifcJh&m cdkifvHkrJ(8939)rJ/ pkpkaygif;rJ&mcdkifE_ef;(35²36)jzifh a¶G;cs,fwif
ajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onf? tz OD;&efcdkvGef;/ trd a':vd_ifcdkusif;wdk@rS 1951 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv (5)&ufae@wGif arG;zGm;
cJhonf? wrl;+rdK@e,f/ pHuyfaus;¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? OD;axmifcdkxef;onf jynfawmfomaus;¶Gm tpdk;&
rlvwef;ausmif;/ wrl;+rdK@/ tpdk;&rlvwef;ausmif;ESifh tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;/ &efukef+rdK@/ tvHktpdk;&
txufwef;ausmif; trSwf(1)/ =unfhjrifwdkif(xD;wef;)/ tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;trSwf(2)/ &efukef0dZ…mESifh
ody`HwuUodkvfwdk@wGif 0dZ…mbGJ@&onftxd ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1981 ckESpfwGif a':vd_ifrGefESifh vufxyfcJh
onf? ukefonfvkyfief;jzifhtoufarG;onf? awmifwef;om;rsm;'Drdku&ufwpfygwDwGif taxGaxGtwGif;
a&;rª;wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2003 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (27)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD yHkrSef
tpnf;ta0;rS tzGJ@0ifopftjzpfvufcHcJhonf?
(19) OD;&efusif;armf (&Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwD) tzGJ@0if
OD;&efusif;armfonf uGrf;vHk+rdK@e,frJqENe,fwGif &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwDtm; udk,fpm;jyK

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udk;uef@e,f/ ,efawmf¶Sef¶GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;&ef0ifajymif/ trd a':vDa¶Smufavmufwdk@rS 1938 ckESpf
wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? OD;&efusif;armfonf (8)ESpft¶G,fwGif ,efawmf¶Sef¶Gm¶Sd udk;uef@pmayoif=um;aom
ausmif;Y (9)wef;txdynmoif=um;cJhonf? touf(22)ESpfwGif tdrfaxmifjyKI rdom;pkESifhtwlawmif,m
vkyfief;/ ta&mif;t0,fvkyfief; vkyfudkifcJhonf? &Srf;jynfudk;uef@'Drdku&ufwpfygwDwGif 'kwd,OuUXtjzpf
wm0ef,lcJhonf? 2004 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (13)&ufae@wGif jyKvkyfonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwD
tpnf;ta0;rS OD;&efusif;armftm; tzGJ@0ifopftjzpf vufcHcJhonf?
1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (17)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDrS a=unmcsuf

trSwf(1)jzifh OD;apmjratmif/ OuUX/ &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; jynfol@v$wfawmf OuUX tjzpf a¶G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufvdkufa=umif; xkwfjyefa=unmcJhonf?
OD;apmjratmif jynfol@v$wfawmf OuUX
OD;apmjratmifonf ajrmufOD;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; udk,fpm;jyK

tz OD;apmvSatmif/ trd a':oef;pHOD;wdk@rS 1908 ckESpf/ {+yDv (23)&ufae@wGifarG;zGm;cJhonf? ajrmufOD;+rdK@Zm
wdjzpfonf? OD;apmjratmifonf ajrmufOD;+rdK@Y rlvwef;/ ppfawG+rdK@Y tv,fwef;/ &efukef+rdK@Y txufwef;
ynmrsm;oif,latmifjrifcJh+yD;/ 1942 ckESpf/ 'kwd,urBmppf}uD;jzpfyGm;onfhtcsdeftxd &efukef+rdK@wGif aq;
ynmoif=um;cJhonf? 1943 ckESpfwGif tdENd,EdkifiH/ bHkab+rdK@Y aq;ynmbmom&yfrsm;qufvufoif=um;cJh
&m 1947 ckESpf/ arvwGif q&m0efbGJ@/ trfbDbDtufpf(bHkab)&¶SdcJhonf? 1947 ckESpfrSpI EdkifiH0efxrf;tjzpf
(2)ESpfaqmif¶GufcJh+yD;/ +AdwdefEdkifiHwGif (4)ESpf=um vufawG@tr_xrf;&if; aq;ynmbmom&yfrsm;qufvuf
oif=um;cJh&m bGJ@vGef'Dyvdkrm'DpDtdwfcsfbGJ@(DCH)vef'efESifh tufzftm&fpDyDbGJ@(FRCP)*vyfpudk; yg&*lbGJ@
rsm;&¶SdcJhonf? 1954 ckESpfrSpI EdkifiH0efxrf;/ 1955 ckESpfrS 1963 ckESpftxd rEWav;c¶dkif q&m0ef}uD;/ aq;¶Hk
tkyf}uD;/ orm;awmf}uD;ESifh rEWav;aq;wuU odkvf aq;ynmXmerª;/ 1975 ckESpfrS 1978 ckESpftxd ¶dkx&D
toif; rEWav;XmecGJ OuUX/ &efukef+rdK@¶Sd &cdkif o[m,toif; OuUX/ &cdkif"rRm¶Hkaqmufvkyfa&; em,u/
1983 ckESpfrS 1988 ckESpftxd &efukef+rdK@ &cdkifo [m,toif; OuUX/ 1958 ckESpfwGif urBmhaq;ynm¶Sifrsm;
zvS,faomtpDtpOft& tar&duefEdkifiHwGif(2)vESifh +AdwdefEdkifiHwGif &ufowW(3)ywfwdwd avhvmcGif;&cJh
onf? 1972 ckESpfwGif w¶kwfjynfol@orRwEdkifiH.zdwf=um;csuft& yg&*lrsm;tzGJ@udkOD;aqmifI &ufowW (3)
ywfoGm;a&mufavhvmcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfwGif t+idrf;pm;,l+yD;aemuf 1979 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftxd
a[mifaumif¶Sd aq;¶Hk}uD;(2)ckwGif oGm;a&muftr_xrf;cJhonf? 1982 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHjcm;rSjyefa&mufvm+yD;
aemuf &efukef+rdK@¶Sd A[ef;+rdK@e,fZD0dw'geoHCmhaq;¶HkESifh oDv¶Sifrsm;aq;¶HkwGif apwemorm;awmf}uD;
tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. OuUX tjzpfaqmif¶GufcJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/
=o*kwfv (21)&ufae@wGifa=unmcJht+yD; ppftm%m¶Sifrsm;u wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkEdkifiHa&;ygwDacgif;aqmif
wOD;jzpfol OD;apmjratmiftm; zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf? 1998 ckESpf/ pufwif bmv (17)&ufae@&ufpGJ
jzifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;jyKaumfrwDrS a'gufwmOD;apmjratmiftm; jynfol@v$wfawmf OuUX tjzpf
a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufvdkufa=umif;a=unmcJhonf? zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;cHcJh&&mrS 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv
(13) &ufae@wGif jyefvGwfonf?
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- 355 -
2002 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGifusif;yjyKvkyfaom
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ (12)ajrmuf ESpfywfvnfae@tcrf;tem;wGif
a':atmifqef;pk=unfajym=um;onfhrdef@cGef;?
usrwdk@ ,ae@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD;tzJG@csKyf0ifawGtm;vHk;udkawG@&onfhtwGuf trsm;}uD;yJ0rf;om

ygw,f// }udKqkdygw,f? 'D{nfhonfawmf}uD;rsm;udkvnf; usrwkd@óudqkdygw,f? 'gayr,fh rSefrSefajym&vdk@&Sd&if
awmh usrwdk@tm;vHk;xJrSm aus;Zl;wif&wmuawmh usrwdk@&J@tzJG@csKyf0ifawGyJjzpfygw,f// usrwdk@tzJG@csKyf
0ifawG&J@}uHh}uHhcdkifwJhpdwf"gwfa=umifhrdk@vdk@ usrwdk@ 'DtcsdefrSm 'Dae&mrSma&mufaewmyg// a&G;aumufyGJusify
+yD;cJhwmqdkvdk@&Sd&if (12)ESpf&SdoGm;yg+yD? (12)ESpfqdkwmenf;wJhumvr[kwfygbl;// a&G;aumufyGJrusif;yrDumv
uqdk&if vlawGtrsm;}uD;uae+yD;/ wufwufºuGºuGESifh a&G;aumufyGJawG+yD;wJhtcgusvdk@&Sd&if usrwdk@ trsKd;
om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfuatmifyGJ&tcg=uvdk@&Sd&if 'Drdkua&pD&jyD;awmh usrwdk@EdkifiH}uD;[m csrf;csrf;omom
jzpfoGm;rSmyJvdk@ar#mfvifhcJ=uw,f// usrwdk@trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf[m a&G;aumufyJGrSmEdkifr,fvdk@qdkwm
vnf; jynfolvlxk&J@taetxm;/ wdkif;jynf&J@taetxm;udkodwJhvlawGutm;vHk; tJ'Dtcsdefuwnf;uae
+yD;awmh odae=uygw,f//
usrwdk@a&G;aumufyGJudkEdkif+yD;wJhtcgrSm ar#mfrSef;cJhovdk 'Drdkua&pD;tpdk;&vnf;jzpfrvmbl;// usrwddk@
wdkif;jynf[mvnf; usrwdk@ar#mfrSe;f cJhovdkwdk;wufr_awGjzpfrvmbl;// 'Dawmh quf+yD;awmh usrwdk@taeESifh
&kef;uefcJh&ygw,f// 'Dvkdquf+yD;awmh&kef;uefcJhEdkifwo Jh wWdawGufdk usrtrsm;}uD;yJcsD;r$rf;ygw,f// txl;ojzifh
&kef;uefwJhae&mrSm rnnf;r!lyJESifh&kef;uefcJhwJhowWdawGudk usrwdk@csD;r$rf;ygw,f// wu,fapwemrSefrSefeJ@
vkyfw,fqdkvdk@&Sd&if nnf;!lp&mvnf;bmrSrvdkygbl;// ukd,fuae+yD;awmh/ cH}uD;yJqdk+yD;awmh/ pdwfxJrSmcHpm;
p&mawGbmrSr&Sdygbl;// usrwdk@&J@tzJG@csKyf0ifawGeJ@ tjcm;'Drdkua&pDvdkvm;wJhtodkif;0dkif;awGqdkvdk@&Sd&if wu,f
yJapwemrSefrSefeJ@vkyfcJhwJholawGu rdrdwdk@udk,frdrd odyf+yD;awmhvkyfcJh&wmyJ/ yifyef;wmyJqdk+yD;awmh nnf;!l
csifwJhpdwfawGvHk;vHk;r&Sdbl;qdkwm usrwdk@jrifawG@&ygw,f// tJ'gtwGufvnf; trsm;}uD;yJ*k%f,lygw,f//
wESpfeJ@wESpf umvawGajymif;vmcJhovdk tajctaeawGuvnf;ajymif;vmcJhygw,f// tifrwefrScufcJwJh
tcsdeftcgawGudkvnf;ausmfjzwfcJh&w,f// tifrwefrS wcsKd@twGuf pdwfysufp&maumif;wJhtajctaeawG
vnf;ausmfjzwfcJh&w,f// odk@ayr,fh usrwdk@trmcHawGxJu pdwfysufw,fvdk@vnf;r&Sdbl;// tcuftcJawG
a=umifhrdk@vdk@wGef@oGm;w,fvdk@vnf;r&Sdbl;qdkwm usrwdk@jrif&ygw,f? wcsKd@usawmhvnf; '%frcHEdkifvdk@ ab;
rSmjywfususef&pfcJhwJh usrwdk@vkyfazmfudkifzufawGvnf;&Sdygw,f? usrtjrJbJajymwJhtwdkif;yJ vkyfEdkifo
avmufvkyfay;wJhtwGuf usrwdk@aus;Zl;wifygw,f? quf+yD;awmhvkyfray;Edkifwmawmh/ usrwdk@0rf;enf;
wmuvGJvdk@ bmrSrajymEdkfifbl;aygh// 'D tckxdwpdkufrwfrwfvkyfcJhwJh usrwdk@&J@tzJG@0ifawGufkdawmh tvkyfwck
ukd pvkyf+yDqdkvdk@&Sd&if qkH;cef;wdkifatmifvkyfEdkifzdk@vkdygw,f//
tJ'Dawmh qkH;cef;wkdifatmifvkyfEkdifwJh ZJG/ 0d&d,awGarG;zdk@awmh usraqmf=ocsifygw,f? tck 'Dtajc
taea&mufaewJhtcgrSm tifrwefrSvG,foGm;+yDvm;vdk@/ wcsKd@uxifaumif;xifygvdrfhr,f? tckvnf;
rvG,fao;ygbl;? quf+yD;awmhvkyf&tkH;rSmbJ? tcuftcJtusyftwnf;awGu trsm;}uD;&Sd&tkH;rSmbJ//
wu,fpOf;pm;=unfhr,fqdkvdk@&Sd&if usrwdk@vdkEdkifiaH &;v_yf&Sm;r_[m tcuftcJawGyaysmufoGm;w,fqkdwm
r&SdoavmufygbJ// tcuftcJawGyaysmufoGm;w,fqdkwJhtcgqdkvkd@&Sd&if usrwdk@&J@v_yf&Sm;r_wdk@vnf; vdktyf
rSmr[kwfygbl;// usrwdk@qufjyD;awmhv_yf&Sm;zdk@qdkwmvnf; rvkdawmhygbl;// 'ga=umifh wenf;tm;jzifhajym
&&if usrwdk@tzJG@csKyf[m ukd,fh&J@tvkyfwGifus,fzdk@twGuf udk,fvkyfaew,fvdk@vnf;ajymEdkifygw,f// usrwdk@
'Drkdua&pD&&SdoGm;+yDqdkvdk@&Sd&if trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf&J@t"du&nf&G,fcsufjynfh0oGm;+yDqdkvdk@&Sd&if usr
wkd@quf+yD;awmhvkyfaezdk@&m ta=umif;uawmh odyf+yD;awmhr&Sdawmhygbl;// 'Dvdkajymcsif;tm;jzifh 'Drdkua&pD
- 356 -
&vmvdk@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyfudkzsufodrf;vdkuf&rSmvm;qdkwm r[kwfygbl;? usrwdk@&J@ t"du&nf
&G,fcsufjynfh0oGm;wJhtcgusvdk@&Sd&if 'Dusrwdk@trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyftjyif wjcm;EdkifiHa&;tzJG@tpnf;
rsm;[mvnf; 'Drdkua&pDtwGuf 0dkif;0ef;+yD;awmhv_yf&Sm;EdkifwJhtcGifhta&;awG &&Sdygvdrfhr,f? tckqdk&if trsm;
odwJhtwdkif;yJ usrwdk@tzJG@csKyfu 'Dtwdkif;twmwcktxd tcGifhta&;awG&aeygw,f// tcGifhta&;qdkwm
vkyfydkifcGifhtcGifhta&;ajymwmaemf? txl;tcGifhta&;ajymaewmr[kkwfygbl;? usrwdk@&J@vkyfykdifcGifh tcGifhta&;
awGudk usrwdk@ aoaocsmcsmokH;zdk@vdkygw,f? 'DvdkaoaocsmcsmokH;rS usrwdk@vdkcsifwJhyef;wkdifa&mufrSmyg//
usrwdk@vdkcsifwJhyef;wdkifqdkwm[m 'Drdkua&pDbJ? tpuwnf;u usrwdk@ 'D tzJG@csKyfudkxlaxmifcJh
wm[m tpuwnf;u&Sd+yD;om; EdkifiHa&;ygwDwcktaeESifh 'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_xJrSmyg0ifjyD;awmh ,SOf+ydKifcJhwJh
tzJG@r[kwfygbl;// 'Drdkua&pD&zdk@twGuf oufoufzJG@xm;wJhtzJG@jzpfygw,f? 'Dtwdkif;bJ usrwkd@pdwfxJrSmxm;
&ygvdrfhr,f? tck (12)ESpftwGif;rSmqdkvdk@&Sd&if tawG@t}uHKtrsKd;rsKd;eJ@ usrwdk@&ifqdkifcJh&ygw,f? wcsKd@awG
qdkvdk@&Sd&ifvnf; EdkfifiHa&;t&&ifhusufvmwmawGvnf;&Sdw,f// wcsKd@usawmhvnf; EdkifiHa&;t& 'Davmuf
=um=umvkyfcJhoavmuf &ifhusufoifhoavmufr&ifhusufcJhwmawGvnf;&Sdygw,f// 'Dawmh tm;vkH;udk0dkif;+yD;
awmh ñud;pm;apcsifygw,f// usrwdk@tzJG@csKyf0ifawG[m EdkifiHa&;&ifhusufr_r&Sdbl;qkdvdk@&Sd&if jynfolvlxkudk
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qdkvdk@&Sd&ifawmh EdkifiHa&;ygwDxJrSmrygbJ? Jynfolvlxkbufawmhyg+yD;awmh EdkifiHa&;&ifhusufr_&Sd&r,f// r&Sdbl;
qkdvdk@&Sd&if udk,fhudk,fudk EdkifiHa&;ygwD0ifwa,mufvdk@ac:&rSawmh 'g[m vdyfjymroef@p&mta=umif;jzpfoGm;
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jynfolvlxk=um;xJrSmpnf;&kH;zdk@qdk+yD;awmh usrwdk@vkyfcJhwmyJ jynfolvlxkESifhuif;uGmaerSawmh usrwdk@ tzJG@
csKyf&Jh wnfaxmifjcif;&J@t"dy`m,f[mvnf; ysufpD;oGm;rSmyJ 'Dawmh usrwdk@[m vkyfEdkifoavmuf usrwdk@&J@
&ydkifcGifht& jynfolvlxk=um;xJrSmpnf;&kH;v_yf&Sm;&r,f//
tckqdkvdk@&Sd&if jynfolvlxk[m bmvdkcsifvJvdk@ar;vdkufwJhtcg=uvdk@&Sd&if uswdk@=um;&wm bmawG
=um;&vnf;qdkawmh rD;rSefrSefvdkcsifw,f? a&rSefrSefvdkcsifw,f? ukefaps;E_ef;awGusoGm;wmawGvkdcsifw,f?
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tJ'gajymwmvnf;rSefygw,f// vlxktaeESifh at;at;aq;aq; vHkvHk+cHK+cHKaecsifw,f// ntcg arSmifwJhtcg
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avmufatmif ynm&apcsifw,f// 'g[m jynfolvlxktaeESifhtrSm;ygbl;?
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r&bl;qdkwm em;vnfzdk@vdkygw,f// tJ'Dvdkem;vnfatmifvkyf&wJhtvkyfwck[m tifrwefrScwfcJw,fqdk
wm usrwddk@awG@&ygw,f// vlxkawmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m a&G;aumufyGJae@rSmrJxnfhvdkufvdk@&Sd&if wm0efa=uyGef
oGm;+yDvdk@ 'DvdkbJxif=uw,f// rJxnfhvdkuf+yD/ tJ'Dawmh rJxnfhvdkufuwnf;u EdkifwJhygwDvkyfzdk@bJxif+yD;
awmh tJ'Dvdkjrif=uw,f// tckxdvnf; 'Dtwdkfif;ajymwmufdk &Hzef&Hcg=um;&w,f// a&G;aumufyGJwkef;u rJxnfh
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awmif usrwdk@=um;&ygw,f// 'Dawmh jynfolvlxkudkajym&rSmu rJwcgxnfh,HkeJ@r+yD;ao;bl;? usrwdk@tzJG@
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udpPjzpfygw,f? 'g[m a&G;aumufumvuwifr[kwfbl;? a&G;aumufyGJrwdkifrDS 1988 ckESpf/ 'Drdkua&pD
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v_yf&Sm;rS udk,fvdkcsifwJhyef;wdkifudka&mufEdkifw,fqdk+yD;awmh ajymae=uygw,f//
r=umcifumvqdkvdk@&Sd&if usrwdk@vkyfaz:udkifzufawGupajymvmw,f// ta&S@wDarmrSmawmh vGwf
vyfa&;&oGm;+yD? olwdk@ut&ifeD;oGm;+yDayghav// tJ'D[mudkenf;enf;tm;usvdkufyg? tm;i,fvdkufwm?
- 357 -
olwdk@uawmh t&if&oGm;+yDvdk@ajymw,f// tJ'DvdkajymwJhtcgusawmh wu,fpOf;pm;=unfhr,fqdkvdk@&Sd&if
ta&S@wDarmujynfolvlxku trsm;}uD;cH&ygw,f// awmfawmhudkaoG;xGufoH,fdkcH+yD;rS 'Dtajctaeudk
a&mufvmwmyg// wdkwfdkajym&r,fqdk&if avmu}uD;rSm bmrStvum;r&bl;? udk,fpGrf;aqmifoavmuf
udk,f&wmbJ? udk,f}udK;yrf;oavmuf/ tepfemcHoavmufudk,f&wmyJ? tJ'Dawmh }udK;yrf;Edkif&r,f? tepf
emcH&r,f// aemufjyD;awmh 'DtcsdefrSmóud;yrf;w,f? tepfemcHw,fqdkwm aemifudktudsK;cHpm;zdk@twGuf
r[kwfbl;// 'gvnf;ESvHk;oGif;xm;apcsifw,f// usrwdk@tzJG@csKyf0ifawGtaeESifh }uHKwkef;qHkwkef;awmh usrajym
&rSmyJ? usrwdk@tzGJ@csKyf0if[m 'guawmhvlom;yDyDrdk@vm;awmhrodbl;// tcGifhta&;av;awG&vdk@&Sd&if ,lcsif
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vm+yDqdkvdk@&Sd&if zdeif;+yD;awmh/ 'Dtajctaetay:zdeif;+yD;awmh ausmfcsifwJhyHkpHav;awG usrwdk@awG@&w,f//
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[m tzJG@csKyf0iftm;vkH;&J@wm0efjzpfw,f// usrwdk@ 1990 ckESpfwkef;uusif;ycJhwJh a&G;aumufyJG&vm'ft&
jynfolvlxk&J@qENawGudkxkwfazmfEdkifzdk@qdkwm[m usrwkd@ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf0ifawG&J@ wm0efjzpf
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ykd+yD;awmhoem;p&maumif;ygw,f// pvkyfwkef;u (20)ausmfav;awG/ tckcsdefrSmqkdvdk@&Sd&if vli,fawmif
r[kwfbl;? vl}uD;ydkif;a&mufoGm;+yD? (30)ausmf/ (40)eD;vm+yD// tJ'DtcsdefumvtwGif;rSm rdrdwdk@&J@b0xl
axmifEdkifa&; bmrSolwdk@rvkyfEkdifcJhygbl;? 'DtzJG@csKyf&J@vkyfief;awGxJrSm &kef;uef&if;ESifh axmifxJ0ifvkduf
axmifxJuxGufvkduf/ ajy;vdkufv$m;vdkufeJ@ 'DvdkyJjzwfausmfcJhwmjzpfygw,f// tJ'Dawmh 'Dvdkvl}uD;awG/
vli,fawG&SdaewJhtzJG@csKyf[m atmifukdatmifjrif&r,fvdk@usr,kH=unfygw,f// 'gayr,fh vl}uD;awG vli,f
awG=um;xJrSmvnf; nD!Gwfzdk@awmhvdkw,fayghav// vl}uD;/ vli,fawGnD!GwfrS usrwdk@tzJG@csKyf[m acsm
acsmarmarmESifh rsKd;qufopfawG wck+yD;wckqufjyD;awmh wdkif;jynf&J@tusKd;udkxrf;aqmifoGm;EdkifrSmjzpfyg
w,f// tckusrxdef;odrf;cHae&wJh (18)vumvtwGif;rSmqdk&if usrwdk@tzJG@csKyf[m &yfwnfEdkifcJhw,fqdkwm
usrwkd@*k%f,lEdkifp&m ta=umif;wckygbJ?
cufcufcJcJeJ@&yfwnfEdkifcJhw,f// cufcufcJcJeJ@&yfwnfEdkifcJhvdk@vnf; tckusrwdk@ 'Dtajctaeukd
a&mufvmwmyg? qufjyD;awmhvnf;cufcufcJcJESifhvkyfoGm;r,fvdk@ usrar#mfvifhygw,f// cufcufcJcJESifhvkyf
zdk@yJacgif;xJrSmxm;yg// wkd@[m b,fawmh pH&rvJqkdwm vkH;vkH;rpOf;ygESifh? cHp&m&Sdtm;vkH;cHoGm;r,fqdkwJh
[myJ acgif;xJrSm 'DvdkyJxm;yg// tJ'Dvdkacgif;xJrSmxm;awmh jzpfwJhtcg cH&wmvG,fwmayghav// acgif;xJrSm pH
&r,f// pH&r,fvdk@xifxm;+yD;rS cHvdk@&Sd&if enf;enf;ydk+yD;awmhtxdemw,faygh// 'Dawmh cHp&m&SdcHoGm;+yD;awmh?
tJ'DvdkyJpdwfxm;+yD; cHp&m&Sd&ifcHoGm;=uyg// ukd,fuae+yD;awmh ñud;pm;cJhvdk@ ukd,f&yfcJhwJh&vm'fawGt&
tusKd;qufawGjzpfvmwJhtcgusvkd@&Sd&ifawmh jynfolvlxkeJ@a0iSjyD;awmhcHpm;&r,fqdkwm rarhygESifh// usrwdk@
twGuf}uD;yJr[kwfbl;// tzJG@csKyf}uD;yJr[kkwfygbl;// trsm;twGuf usrwdk@vkyfae=uwmyg//
- 358 -
(14)ESpfumv usrwdk@vufwJG+yD;awmhvkyfcJh+yD; xyfwvJvJ 'Drdkua&pDoabmw&m;awGukdvnf;
usrwdk@a[mcJhajymcJh+yD/ wa,mufESifhwa,mufvnf; 'Doabmw&m;awGudkaqG;aEG;cJhzvS,fcJh+yD? 'Dawmh
(14)ESpfvkH;vkH;vufwJGcJhwJh &Jabmf&JbufawGqdkwm wOD;ay:wOD; em;vnfr_tjynfht0¶Sdoifh+yDvdk@ usrxifyg
w,f// quf+yD;awmh/ usrwdk@em;vnfr_tjynfht0ESifhvkyfoGm;r,fqdkvdk@&Sd&if usrwdk@vdkcsifwJh yef;wdkifukd&rSm
yg// uJxyfwvJvJajymjyef+yD? b,fawmh&rSmvJ/ b,fawmh&rSmvJqdkawmh udk,fvkyfEdkifwJhoavmuf jrefrSm
yJvkd@/ jynfolvlxkvnf; 'DvdkygyJ? jynfolvlxktaeESifh usrwdk@vlxkxJuae+yD;awmh 'Drdkua&pDb,fawmh&
rSmvJvkd@ar;vdk@&Sd&if usruawmh tjrJwrf;jyefajzrSmbJ//
tJ'gawmh jynfolvlxk}udK;yrf;r_tay:rlwnfwmayghvdk@? tm;vkH;u0dkif;+yD;awmh b,favmufxd
}udK;yrf;EdkifrvJ// ukd,f}udK;yrf;oavmufyJ jrefrSmbJ? olrsm;vkyfwmudk av#muf+yD;awmhar#mfrae=uygESifhvkd@?
usr tJ'gbJowday;csifygw,f// xyfwvJvJowday;aewm 'gawGyJ uJ usrwkd@tzJG@csKyf0ifawG[m 'Dtcsdef
rSm [dk[m 'D[modcsifw,f? enf;enf; [dk[mav;odcsifw,f// od&Edkifrvm; usruajymrvm;qdk+yD;awmh
ar#mfvifhaewJholawGvJ&Sd&if&Sdr,f? usruajymzdk@rvkd&if 'guawmhrajymbl;aygh? tckuwnf;uajymvkdufyg&
ap// ajymp&m&ifajymr,f? usrwdk@ajymzdk@ tcsed froifhao;bl;vdk@xif&if usrbmrSrajymbl;//
okd@aomfjim;vnf; usrjynfolvlxkudkawmh b,fawmhrSrvdrfhwywfrvkyfbl;qdkwmukdawmh tmrcH
ygw,f? usrwdk@jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH&J@tusKd; jynfolvlxktuskKd;ESifhqef@usifrnfhudpPqdk&if usrbmrSrvkyfygbl;?
Aemuf+yD;awmhvnf; usrwdk@&J@'Drdkua&pDxkH;wrf;pOfvmtavhtxawGudk usrav;pm;ygw,f// usrwdk@&J@
vl}uD;awG&J@oabmwlnDcsufrygbJeJ@/ vl}uD;awGESifhraqG;aEG;yJESifhvnff; bmrS t"duuswJhudpPawGudk usr
rvkyfygbl;? usrwdk@trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftaeESifh OuUX OD;atmifa&$ESifh usr taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r_;
udk vkyfydkifcGifh(Mandate)awGay;xm;ygw,f// 'gayr,fhvnf; 'Dvkyyf dkifcGifhudk usrb,fawmhrSvnf; tvGJ
oHk;pm;rvkyfygbl;? aemifvnf; b,fawmhrStvGJoHk;pm;rvkyfygbl;? 'DvkyfydkifcGifh[m t=uyftwnf;umv
rSm usrwdk@tzJG@csKyf[m 'Drdkua&pDenf;ususraqmif&GufEdkifwJhumvrsm;rSm oHk;zdk@tcGifhta&;yJjzpfygw,f//
'DvkyfydkifcGifhudkoHk;wJhtcgrSm usrwdk@tzGJ@csKyftzJG@0ifawGu bmudkvdkvm;w,f? jynfolvlxk[m bmudkvfdk
vm;w,fqdkwm tjrJwrf;acgif;xJxnfh+yD;awmh usrwdk@pOfpm;rSmjzpfygw,f// 'Dawmh usrwdk@taeESifh&ifhusuf
+yD;awmh wlnDcsufawG,lw,fqdkwm 'Drdkua&pDenf;ruswma=umifh b,fawmhrSrvkyfygbl;qdkwm usrajymyg
&ap// usrwdk@vkyfudkifwmESifhywfoufvdk@ jynfolvlxktaeESifhoabmrusbl;? usrwdk@tzJG@csKyf0ifawGtae
ESifh oabmr=ubl;qdkvdk@&Sd&if usruz,fay;&rSmyJ? udk,fvkyfEdkifoavmufvkyfr,f// udk,f&Jht&nftcsif;[m
vkyfaewJhwm0efESifhrnDr#bl;qdkvdk@&Sd&if wjcm;olawGwm0efxef;aqmifEdkifatmifvdk@z,fay;&rSmyJ udk,fu
rvkyfEdkifbJESifhawmh uyfzufjyD;awmhaezdk@awmh vHk;vHk;oabmxm;r&Sdygbl;? 'DtcsdeftcgrSm usrwdk@&Jhvl}uD;
awGESifhywfoufvdk@ usraus;Zl;wifpum;ajym&if;ESifh tzJG@csKyf0ifawGudkvnf; enf;enf;awmhowday;csifyg
w,f// usrwdk@ OuUX/ 'kOuUX/ twGif;a&;rSL;ESifh tjcm;A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzJG@0ifrsm;[m touft&
ri,fawmhbl;? touft&ri,fawmhwma=umifhrdkvdk@ wjcm;vli,fydkif;/ vlvwfydkif;udkrsm; wm0efawGay;zdk@
pOf;pm;ovm;qdk+yD;awmh ar;wJhvlawG&Sdygw,f// vli,fydkif;/ vlvwfydkif;awG[m vl}uD;awG&Jhwm0efudk wcsdef
wcgrSm xrf;aqmif&r,fqdkwm usrwdk@vufcHxm;+yD;om;yg// tJ'DvdkvkyfaqmifEdkifzdk@twGufvnf; usrwdk@
wcsdefvHk;vnf;yJ ðypkysKd;axmifaeygw,f//
'gayr,fh usrwkd@vl}uD;awG&JhausZl;[m usrwdk@tzJG@csKyftay:rSm b,favmuftxd&Sdw,fqdkwm
b,fawmhrSrarhygESifh? aus;Zl;uef;vdk@uawmh usrwdk@twGuf bmrSrusKd;&SdEdkifrSmr[kwfygbl;// usrwdk@vl}uD;
awGu wcsdK@vli,fawG[mtvkyfrvkyfEdkif=ubl;? usrudk,fwdkifjrif&w,f// vl}uD;awGvkyfEdkifvdk@vm;vdk@
usrudkvmrar;ESifh? usrjyefajzcsifw,f// vli,fawGu b,favmufvkyfEdkifvdk@vJvdk@ vkyfwJhvli,fawGu
vnf; vkyfygw,f// usrwdk@vl=uD;awG&J@vkyf&yfudk toufudk=unfh+yD;rqHk;jzwfygESifh? t&nftcsif;udk=unf+yD;
awmhqHk;jzwfyg// usrwdk@vl}uD;awG[m touft&G,ftm;jzifhri,fayr,fhvnf; pdwf"mwftm;jzifh tifrwef
rS wufºuGEkysKdygw,fvdk@usrtmrcHygw,f// 'DtcsdefrSm usrwdk@&J@r[mrdwfawGudkvnf; aus;Zl;wifpum;
- 359 -
awmhajym&ygvdrfhr,f? txl;ojzifh wdkif&if;om;vlrsKd;pktzJG@tpnf;r[mrdwfrsm;[mvnf; usrwdk@&J@tzJG@csKyf
&J@vkyfief;awGudk yhHydk;ay;w,fqdkwm[m 'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_atmifjrifa&;twGufjzpfygw,f// tJ'Dvdk r[m
rdwfrsm;&Sdvdk@om usrwdk@&J@ tem*wfjynfaxmifpktwGuf ar#mfvifhcsuf&Sdwmjzpfygw,f// usrwdk@wdkif&if;om;
vlrsKd;pkrsm;[m nDnD!Gwf!GwfESifhrvkyfEdkifbl;qdkvdk@&Sd&if usrwdk@&@J jynfaxmifpktwGuf aumif;wJhtem*wf
qdkwmr&SdEdkifygbl;? usrwdk@wdkif&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;nDtudkarmifESrrsm;ESifh cdkifrmwJhnDnGwf
r_udk,lEdkifr,fqdkvdk@&Sd&if usrwdk@EdkifiH[m wu,fudktrsm;twGuftusKd;ðyEdkifwJhjynfaxmifpk}uD;jzpfoGm;r,f
qdkwm usrwdk@,Hk=unfygw,f// usrwdk@tzJG@csKyf[m EdkifiHa&;tzJG@tpnf;jzpfw,f// usrwdk@ r[mrdwfwdkif&if;
om;vlrsKd;pkrsm; em;vnfygw,f// tJ'ga=umifhrdk@ owdW&Sd&SdESifh jynfaxmifpktusKd;udk=unfh+yD;awmh usrwdk@ESifh
vufwJGwJhr[mrdwfrsm;udk txl;aus;Zll;wifygw,f?
tJ'Daus;Zl;udkvnf; usrwdk@&J@tzGJ@0ifrsm;[m tofdtrSwfðyapcsifygw,f// aemuf+yD;awmh usrwdk@udk
axmufcHay;wJhurBmhtodkif;t0dkif;vnf;&Sdygao;w,f// EdkifiHwumtodkift0dkif;u usrwdk@tzGJ@csKyf&J@v_yf&Sm;r_
udkaxmufcHygw,f// usrwdk@v_yf&Sm;r_rSmjy\emawG&&Sd if/ tcuftcJawG&Sd&if usrwdk@bufuae+yD;awmh
&yfwnfay;cJhygw,f//
'g[m rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;awGvdk@yJvdk@ usr'DvdkyJ,Hk=unfygw,f// usrwdk@&JrdwfaqGaumif;awG&J@
aus;Zl;udkvnf; usrwdk@rarhoifhygbl;? rdwfaqGaumif;rsm;&J@aus;Zl;udk em;rvnfwJholrsm;[m aemifqdkvdk@
&Sd&if rdwfaqGaumif;&zdk@tifrwefrScufcJoGm;ygvdrfhr,f// 'D (14)ESpfumvudkawmh a&G;aumufyJGuaewGuf
vdkuf&if (10)ayghav? 1988 ckESpfp+yD;awmhwGufr,fqdkvdk@&Sd&if (14)ESpfwmumvrsm;rSm usrwdk@udkulnDcJhwJh
EdkifiHwumtokdift0dkif;urdwfaqGawG usrwdk@jynfwGif;ur[mrdwfawG usrwdk@&J@tzJG@csKyf0ifawG usrwdk@udk
,Hk=unftm;udk;wJhjynfolvlxkawG tm;vHk;[m nDnD!Gwf!GwfeJ@vufwGJ+yD;awmh quf+yD;oGm;Edkifw,fvdk@
,Hk=unfygw,f// tJ'DvdknDnD!Gwf!GwfESifh quf+yD;awmhvufwGJoGm;&if tjrefqHk; 'Drdkua&pDyef;wdkifudk
a&mufr,fvdk@usr,Hk=unfygw,f// usrwdk@ 'Dae@rSm oHEMdXmefcsvdk@ usrwkd@tm;vHk;[m 'Drdkua&pDyef;wdkifudk
a&mufwJhtxd pdwf"gwfcdkifcdkifrmrmESifhae=ur,f// wOD;tay:wOD;u &if;ESD;rSefuefwJh&Jabmf&Jbufpdwfxm;
=ur,f// usrwdk@tay:rSmaus;Zl;ðycJhwJholawG&J@aus;Zl;udk b,fawmhrSusrwdk@rarhbl;// rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;
yDor,fvdk@ 'Dvdk@yJoHEMdXmefcsapcsifygw,f// 'DvdkoHEMdXmefawGcs+yD;awmh/ usrwdk@o,foGm;r,fqdkvdk@&Sd&if
tm;vHk;vdkcsifwJh vHk+cHK+yD;awmhat;csrf;wdk;wufwJh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf}uD;udk odrf;ydkuf+yD;awmh/
r=umrDumvtwGif;usrwdk@xlaxmifEdkifr,fvdk@ usr,Hk=unfw,fvdk@ajym&if;ESifh tm;vHk;udkE_wfqufvdkufyg
w,f//
aus;Zl;wifygw,f//
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trSwf(97§c)/ taemufa&$*Hkwkdifvrf;
A[ef;jrdK@e,f/ &efukefjrdK@
2003 ckESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGifusa&mufaom

(13)ESpfajrmuf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ
a=unmpmwrf;?
a=unmcsuftrSwf - 5 (5§03)
- 360 -
,ae@onf ausmif;om;ausmif;ol/ &[ef;&Sif/ vl/ jynfoltaygif;wkd@. wpfcJeufqENjycJhonfh 1988
ckESpf 'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_}uD;rSay:aygufvm&aom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ(13)ESpfjynfhajrmuf
aomae@ jzpfayonf?
jynfolvlxk}uD;. toufaoG;ac|;aygif;rsm;pGmpGef@v$wf&if;ESD;cJhr_a=umihf EdkifiHawmf.tm%mudk

odrf;,lxm;aom EdkifiHawmf+idrf;0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk
1990 jynfhESpf/ arv(27)&ufae@wGifusif;yay;cJh&onf? vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxG
axGa&G;aumufyGJusif;yI jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufEdkif&ef tm%mydkiftzGJ@
u 1989 ckESpf/ arv(31)&ufae@pGJyg Oya'trSwf(14§89)jzifh “jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'”udk
jyXmef;cJhayonf?
1990 jynfhESpf arv(27)&ufae@wGifusif;ycJhaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJonf

EdkifiHwumrSmuJhodk@ 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&wpf&yfuusif;yay;cJhaom a&G;aumufyGJtrsdK;tpm;r[kwfyg? jrefrmEdkifiH
1960 jynfhESpf/ wdkif;jynfjyKygwDrefa&G;aumufyGJuJhodk@aom a&G;aumufyGJvnf;r[kwfyg? EdkifiHawmftm%mudk
odrf;,lcJhaom EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@. a=unmcsuftrSwf(1§88) tydk'f(1)/ pwkwˆ
tcsufjzpfonfh ² ² ²
“txufygvkyfief;&yfrsm;jynfhpHk+yD;v#if ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;”[lonf
t& usif;ycJhaoma&G;aumufyGJjzpfayonf?
TygwDpH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJY rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxkonf *k%foduQm}uD;rm;aomZGJ/

owWd/ oEMdXmefwdk@jzifh tm%mydkifwdk@tm;&ifqdkifv#uf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(485)OD;udk a&G;cs,f
wifajr‡mufcJh=uayonf? tqdkyga&G;aumufyGJwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf wEdkifiHvHk;wGifrJqENe,f
(392)ae&mtEdkif&&SdcJhayonf? tzGJ@csKyf.t"dur[mrdwfygwDrsm;jzpf=uaom trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDygwDrS
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(3)OD;ESifh rsdK;cspf&J@abmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@rS jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(1)OD;
a&G;cs,fcHcJh=u&ojzifh tzGJ@csKyfjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fpkpkaygif;(396)OD;tEdkif&&SdcJhayonf? jynfol
vlxkwpf&yfvHk;u TuJhodk@wcJeufaxmufcHr_ay;onfudk/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDzGJ@csKyfu txl;tav;teuf
xm;a=umif;/ txl;*k%f,la=umif;/ rSwfwrf;wiftyfa=umif; a=unmtyfayonf?
a&G;aumufyGJY trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyftEdkif&jcif;onf jynfolvlxku tzGJ@csKyf.ygwDpHk'Drdk

ua&pDa&G;aumufyGJa=unmpmwrf;yg rl0g'oabmxm;rsm;udktaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&ef Oya'ESifhtnD
vkyfydkifcGifhjyKcJhjcif;jzpfayonf? wenf;tm;jzifh rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxkudk,fpm; EkdifiH.uH=urRmudkzefwD;Edkif&ef
tzGJ@csKyftm;wm0eftyfESifhvdkufjcif; jzpfayonf?
odk@jzpfygI tm%mydkifrsm;u a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fESihftnD jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;a&;wm0ef

ukdqufvufaqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfayonf? rdrdwkd@xkwfjyefcJhaom “jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'”
(Oya'trSwf 14§89) tcef;(2)/ yk'fr(3)wGif jyXmef;xm;onfh “v$wfawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'
ESifhtnD a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvdkufaom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;&rnf”[lonfESifhtnD
aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfayonf? aqmif&Gufay;&rnfhwm0efvnf;rvGJraoG&Sdaeayonf? “v$wfawmfzGJ@pnf;jcif;”
onf a&G;aumufyGJwm0ef,lusif;yay;cJhaomtm%mydkifrsm;tay: Oya't&wm0ef&Sdayonf? Oya'jyXmef;
olonf Oya'ESihftnDpDrHaqmuf&Guf&rnf? Oya'jyKolonf Oya'csdK;azgufolrjzpfoihfay?
- 361 -
trSefpifppf jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;ay;a&;[lonf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfut}udrf
}udrfawmif;qdk&rnfhudpPrsdK;r[kwfay? a&G;aumufyGJtm;OD;pD;OD;aqmifusif;yay;cJhaom tm%mydkifrsm;onf
a&G;aumufyGJusif;yay;+yD;aemuf wqufwnf;aqmuf&Guf&rnfhwm0efomjzpfayonf? odk@aomf EdkifiHawmf
jidrf0yfydjym;r__wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@§EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGH@jzdK;a&;aumifpDonf v$wfawmfac:,l
zGJ@pnf;jcif;udkjiif;y,faeonf? TonfrSm EdkifiHawmfESifhEdkifiHom;rsm;ay: vlod&Sif=um;ay;cJh+yD;jzpfaom
atmufyguwdopPmrsm;udk tm%mydkifrsm;uazmufzsufjcif;jzpfayonf?
27-3-89 ae@uusif;ycJhaom (44)ESpfajrmuf awmfvSefa&;ae@(wyfrawmfae@)Y wyfrawmfum
uG,fa&;OD;pDcsKyfu atmufygtwdkif;ajym=um;cJhayonf?
“wdk@wyfrawmf&J@ 'kwd,ajrmufta&;}uDwJhwm0efuawmh EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r_wnf

aqmufa&;ESifh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;wm0efjzpfw,f?”
“ ² ² ² a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;&if vdktyfwmawGaqmif&Guf+yD;wJhaemuf jynfol@qENeJ@a&G;cs,fvdkuf

wJhjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawGu Oya'eJ@tnDa&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufwJhtpdk;&opf ay:ayguf
vmrSmjzpfw,f”
“tJ'Dtpdk;&opftaeeJ@ EdkifiHawmfudkqufvufOD;aqmifoGm;&mrSm jynfolvlxk&J@tusdK;

pD;yGm;twGuf tpGrf;aqmifEdkifqHk;azmfaqmifoGm;vdrfhr,fvdk@ar#mfrSef;xm;w,f/ ² ² ² wkd@wyfrawmf
om;awGtzdk@uawmh ppfwef;v#m;udkjyefoGm;jyD; wdk@&J@rlvt"duwm0ef}uD;jzpfwJh tckajym=um;&m
rSmyg0ifwJhwm0ef}uD;awGudk OD;vnfrokefqufvuf}udK;yrf;aqmif&GufoGm;&rSmyJjzpfw,f?”
9-1-90 ae@wGif EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ OuUX/ wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;

csKyfu atmufygtwdkif;ajym=um;cJhayonf?
“ EkdifiHawmftm%meJ@ywfoufvdk@vJ/ wkd@t}udrf}udrfajym+yD;+yDyJjzpfw,f/ a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;

wme@J Oya'ESihftnDtpkd;&zGJ@=u/ ,l=uaygh? tJ'Dtpdk;&jzpfvmatmif a&G;aumufyGJuvkyfay;&rSmyJ/
'guwdk@wm0efyJ/ a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;&if w&m;Oya't&tpkd;&tzGJ@wckjzpfvmzdk@uawmh wdk@wyfrawmf
wm0efr[kwfbl;? 'g twdtvif; yGihfyGihfvif;vif; tckuwnf;uajymxm;wmyJjzpfw,f? ² ² ² ”
“ ² ² ² tckwrsdK;/ tckwrsdK;qdk&if uwdrwnf/ uwdrwnfvdk@&Sd&if oHo,pdwfawGjzpf

w,fqdkwmrsdK;awmh wyfrawmftaeeJ@rjzpfrcHEdkifbl;/ wu,fawmh wyfrawmfqdkwm[m wdkif;jynf
tay:opPmcHwmyJ// tpdk;&qdkwmuvnf; wdkif;oljynfom;trsm;pk&J@ a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufvdk@ jynfol
awGudkudk,fpm;jyK+yD;jzpfay:vmwJh tzGJ@tpnf;/ wyfrawmf[m tpdk;&atmufrSm&Sd&r,f ² ² ² ”
“wdk@wpfawG[m tm%mudka&&Snf,lxm;r,fh tzGJ@tpnf;rSr[kwfbJ”
27-3-90 ae@uusif;yaom (45)ESpfajrmufawmfvSefa&;ae@(wyfrawmfae@)Y umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf

u atmufygtwdkif;ajym}um;cJhayonf//
“wyfrawmftaeeJ@uawmh a&G;aumufyGJtwGufyJ uwday;xm;w,f//”
- 362 -
“EdkifiHawmfrSm b,ftpdk;&yJwufwuf/ b,fygwDyJtm%m&&/ wdk@wyfrawmfuawmh wyf
rawmfom;awGyDyD EdkifiHawmftusdK;pD;yGg;twGuf opPm&Sd&Sd/ wm0efodod xrf;aqmifoGm;}urSmyJjzpf
w,f/ wdk@[m ae@pOfeHeufw}udrf/ naew}udrf pOfqufrjywf opPmt"dXmef(4)csufudk&Gwfqdk+yD;
opPmudkOD;xdyfyefqifxm;}uolawGjzpfw,f/ wdk@[m Aavmif;AvJrajymbl;/ uvdrfuuspfvnf;
rvkyfbl;/ jynfolvlxkudkvnf;rvSnfhpm;bl;/ wdk@&ifxJrSm&SdwJhtwdkif; &dk;&dk;yJzGifh[ajymwwfw,f// ”
xdk@twl EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ twGif;a&;rSL;(1)uvnf; 11-9-90 &ufae@

wGifusif;yaom (104)}udrfajrmufowif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJY atmufygtwdkif;&Sif;vif;ajym}um;cJhayonf//
“tckvdk vGwfvyf+yD;w&m;r#wr_&SdwJh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk rlv

owfrSwfxm;wJhtwdkif;atmifatmifjrifjrifusif;yay;cJhwm[m EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r_
wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@taeeJ@ tm%mv$Jay;csifvdk@yJvkyfay;cJhjcif;jzpfygw,f// tm%mv$J
ay;zdk@qENr&Sdbl;/ &nf&G,fcsufr&Sdbl;qdk&if tJ'Da&G;aumufyGJ[m vkyfay;p&mta}umif;r&Sd
ygbl;// &Sif;aeygw,f// ² ² ² ”
“ EdkifiHawmftm%mudk v$Jajymif;ay;tyfcsifwJhqENr&Sdbl;/ &moufyeftm%mudkqkyfudkif

xm;vdkw,fqdkwJhpGyfpGJcsufawG[m tckxdrukefao;ygbl;/ EdkifiHhtm%mudk &moufyefqkyf
udkifxm;vdkw,fqdk&if jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk ,ckvdk}udK;}udK;pm;pm;vkyfay;
p&mta}umif;r&Sdygbl;/ EdkifiHhtm%mudkv$Jajymif;ay;zdk@ rlvuwnf;uqEN&Sdvdk@om a&G;
aumufyGJ}uD;udkjyKvkyfay;cJhwmyJjzpfw,fqdkwm oabmaygufoifhygw,f// ”
jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lrnfhae@ESifhywfoufIvnf; EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@.
(90)}udrfajrmufowif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJwGif ² ² ²
“ ² ² ² yxrt}udrf jynfol@v$wfawmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lrnfh&ufowfrSwfxm;r_r&Sdjcif;

ESifhywfoufIar;jref;csufudk ajz}um;&mwGif/ a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;v#if ta&G;cH&onfh v$wf
awmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; nd‡E_dif;aqmif&Gu&f rnfjzpfa}umif;”[lI twdtvif; w&m;0if
ajym}um;cJhonf//
jrefrmEdkifiH. a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;onfh (13)ESpfwmumvtawG@t}uHKudk jyefvnfoHk;oyfv#if tm%m

ydkifrsm;onf ,if;wdk@xkwfjyefxm;aom Oya'rsm;/ trdef@/ a}unmcsufrsm;/ uwdopPmpum;rsm;udk ,ae@
txd av;pm;vdkufemtaumiftxnfrazmfcJhyg// jynfol@qENudk csdK;ESdrfv#pfv#L&SKonfhoabm oufa&muf
aomvkyf&yfrsm; atmufygtwdkif;&SdcJhygonf//
(1) 28-7-90 ae@u trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. *E<Dcef;ra}unmpmwrf;jzifh jynfol@

qENESifhtnD jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;ay;&ef trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf jynfol@v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u wnDw!Gwfwnf; vufrSwfa&;xdk;awmif;qdkcJh+yD;aemuf tm%mydkifrsm;u
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwcsdK@udk ESpf&Snfaxmif'%frsm;csrSwfcJhjcif;/ ,if;axmif'%fa}umifh
v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwcsdK@/ axmifwGif;YyifuG,fvGefcJh&jcif;//
- 363 -
(2) jynfolhv$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'udkjyifqifonfhOya' (Oya'trSwf-10§91) xkwf
jyefI tm%mydkifrsm;.trdef@trSwf(4§91)jzpfaom “jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'yg +idrf0yf
ydjym;r_qdkif&mjypfr_ESifh tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r_ESifhywfoufaomjypfr_rsm;udk owfrSwfonfhtrdef@”
xkwfjyefcJhjcif;/ ,if;trdef@tay:rlwnfI v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf&yfwnfydkifcGifhr&Sda}umif;
jyXmef;cJhonfomru wcsdK@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,rf sm;tm;(10)ESpftwGif;usif;yrnfh a&G;aumufyGJ
wGif yg0ifa&G;aumufcGifhr&Sd[k Oya'aemufa}umif;jyefIjyXmef;cJhjcif;//
(3) ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;ya&;vkyfief;w&yftwGuf

om a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&SifzGJ@pnf;xm;cJhaomfvnf; a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;qHk;+yD;aemufwGif
oufqdkif&mrJqENe,fwGif,SOfjydKifonfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif; odk@r[kwf rJqEN&Sifwdk@.
uef@uGufav#mufxm;jcif;r&SdbJ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwcsdK@. a&G;aumufyGJukefusp&dwfwifoGif;
onfhudpP&yfrsm;udk Oya'jyXmef;csufESifhqef@usifI aumfr&Sifuta&;,laqmif&GufcJhjcif;?
(4) a&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifonf a&G;cs,fwifajrSmufjcif;cH&aom jynfol@v$wf

awmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;xHodk@ jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'frcGJ(8)ESifhtnD “a&G;aumuf
wifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftrnfudka=unmjcif;”ESifh jrefrmEdkifiHjyefwrf;wGif
vnf; “a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aomjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf xnfhoGif;a=unm
cJh+yD;jzpfaomfvnf; Tae@T&uftxd ,if;.t"duwm0efjzpfaom t+yD;owftpD&ifcHpmay:xGuf
vmjcif;r&Sdao;ay? odk@jzpf&m vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyGJ atmifjrifpGmusif;yEdkifa&;
twGufzGJ@pnf;cJhaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sif. *k%foduQmxd
cdkufvmcJh&jcif;?
(5) xdk@xuf *k%foduQmxdcdkufaomvkyf&yfrSm ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ (6)

ESpfajrmufESpfywfvnftcrf;tem;ESifh 27-9-96 ae@usif;yrnfh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. EdkifiH
vHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHusif;yjcif;tm; [ef@wm;onfhtaejzifh tzGJ@0ifrsm;tygt0if tzGJ@csKyfudk,fpm;jyK
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;(238)OD;tm;zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cJh+yD;/ wcsdK@aomv$wfawmfudk,fpm;
vS,frsm;tm; t=uyfudkifzdtm;ay;+cdrf;ajcmufI Oya'ESifhudkufnDjcif;r&SdbJ E_wfxGufapcJhjcif;?
(6) jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;a&;ESifhywfoufI (8)ESpftxd tm%mykdifrsm;onf

wm0efrJhysufuGufr_a=umifh rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxk.qENESifhtnD trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfu wdkif;
&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;yg0ifaom jynfol@v$wfawmfwpf&yftm;ac:,lzGJ@pnf;ay;&ef a=unmcsuftrSwf
- 35 (8§98)tm;xkwfjyefonfhtcg 1998 ckESpf/ pufwifbmvrSpI tzGJ@csKyftzGJ@0if(615)OD;ESifh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(200)tm; ppfwyfpcef;rsm;wGif Oya'rJhzrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhjcif;?
(7) zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;pOf wcsdK@aomjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; enf;

trsdK;rsdK;jzifh zdtm;ay;t=uyfudkifI E_wfxGufapjcif;/ wcsdK@aomudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; jynfol@
qENtm;rsufuG,fjyKI tzGJ@csKyfudkopPmazguf&ef rufvHk;ay;odrf;oGif;cJhjcif;/ jynfolvlxk.ppfrSef
aomqENjzpfaom jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;a&;rludkudkifpGJI&yfwnfcJhaom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;
vS,frsm;tm; ppfwyfpcef;rsm;Y (3)ESpfcef@rw&m;csKyfaESmifxm;cJhjcif;?
- 364 -
(8) wcsdefwnf;wGif tm%mydkifrsm;onf 4if;wdk@.tpDtpOfjzifhtwif;t=uyfwufa&muf
apaom vlpkvla0;rsm;Y oufqdkif&mrJqENe,frsm;wGif w&m;0if&yfwnfaeaomjynfol@v$wfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk “t,Hkt=unfr&Sd”[k [pfatmfapjcif;/ a&G;aumufyGJOya'yg jyXmef;csufrsm;
udk v#pfv#L&_I jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udkraxmufcHa=umif;/ vlxkudk tEdkifusifhvSnfh
pm;+yD; twif;t"rRvufrSwfa&;xdk;apjcif;?
(9) ,ae@txd tusOf;axmifrsm;Y jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(17)OD;tm; tusOf;cs

xm;jcif;?
txufygenf;rsdK;pHkjzifh tm%mydkifrsm;}udK;yrf;cJh=uaomfvnf;/ 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD

taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm;av;pm;a&;onf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;omru EdkifiHwumtodkif;t0dkif;wGif
txufoefqHk;vdkvm;csuf/ tjyif;jyqHk;qENjzpfvmayonf? 1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
aumufyGJ&v'fonf 'Drdkua&pDudk jynfolvlxkuvdkvm;a=umif; jyovdkufjcif;jzpfonf[laom urBmhukv
or*~taxGaxGnDvmcHtoD;oD;.qHk;jzwfcsufudk jrefrmEdkifiHtm%mydkifrsm;u av;pm;vdkufem&efwm0ef
&Sdayonf? ,ae@ EdkifiHwumtajctaeudkavhvmqef;ppfjyefv#if EdkifiHwumtodkif;t0dkif;. qENoabm
xm;udkypfy,fI tm%m&Sifpepfudkxm0pOfwnfwHhatmifpGrf;aqmifEdkifrnf[laomtcsuf xif&Sm;vmay
onf//
rdrdEdkifiHonf urBmhukvor*~tzGJ@wGif tzGJ@0ifEdkifiHjzpfonfhtm;av#mfpGm 4if;.qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk

av;pm;vdkufem+yD; tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkifa&;qGJjyXmef;aoma&G;aumufyGJOya'jzifh }uD;rSL;usif;yay;cJhaom
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ&v'fESifhtnD jynfol@v$wfawmfw&yf tjrefqHk;ac:,l
zGJ@pnf;ay;&ef vdktyfayonf//
jynfolhv$wfawmfzGJ@pnf;r_rjyKrjcif; tm%mydkifrsm;udk,fwdkifujynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'
udk csdK;azgufaeojzifh “w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;”[laom tm%mydkifrsm;.a}uG;a}umfoHudk tm%mydkifrsm;u
ysuf&,fjyK&musayonf// usifh0wfoduQmt&vnf;aumif;/ w&m;Oya'pHE_ef;t&vnf;aumif;/ rdrdjyXmef;
xm;aomOya'rsm;udk oduQm&SdpGm&dkaoav;pm;&ayrnf// ,ae@EdkifiHwumtajctaerSm tjynfjynfqdkif&m
vl@tcGifhta&;a}unmpmwrf;ygpHE_ef;rsm;tm; w&m;rJhjyKusifhonfudkvufrcH}uawmhay//
wyfrawmfom;rsm;tygt0if EdkifiHolEdkifiHom;rsm;qENrJay;cJh}uaom 1990 jynfhESpf/ a&G;aumufyGJ

&v'fudkv#pfv#LjyKxm;jcif;onf jrefrmEkdifiHyg0ifvufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;aom tjynfjynfqdkif&mvl@tcGifhta&;
a}unmpmwrf;yg atmufygtajccHrlrsm;udkqef@usifI csdK;azmufa}umif; jyo&ma&mufayonf// tydk'f(21)
wGif ² ² ²
“ (1) vlwdkif;wGif rdrdEdkifiH.tkyfcsKyfa&;Y udk,fwdkifjzpfap/ vGwfvyfpGma&G;cs,fvdkufonfh udk,fpm;

vS,frsm;rSwqifhjzpfap yg0ifaqmif&GufEdkifcGifh&Sdonf ”
[lIjyXmef;xm;ayonf// ,if;tydk'f(21)yg tajccHrlrsm;udkqef@usifjcif;onf vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_.
t&kyfqdk;tusnf;wefaom oufaoom"ujzpfayonf// odk@jzpfI urBmhukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcHu
vnf;aumif;/ tjynfjynfqdkif&mvl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Siftpnf;ta0;rsm;uvnf;aumif;/ 1990 jynfhESpf/
a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk jynfolvlxk.qENESifhtnDtaumiftxnfazmfay;&ef t}udrf}udrftcgcg wnDw!Gwf
wnf; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwfcJhayonf//
- 365 -
a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fqdkonfrSm rdrdwdk@.qENtwdkif;jzpfrvmv#if rvdkrvdkovdk yHkyef;zsufypfI&aom
t&mr[kwfay// wyfrawmfom;rsm;tygt0if jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;.qENrJt& tqHk;tjzwfay;cJhaom
1990 jynfESpf/ a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk tm%mydkifrsm;u av;pm;pGm rvGJraoGtaumiftxnfazmf&ef t"du
wm0ef&Sdayonf//
a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudktodtrSwfjyKjcif;onf jynfolvlxk.oabmqENudk Oya't&vnf;aumif;/

usifh0wfoduQmt&vnf;aumif; &dkaoav;pm;jcif;jzpfayonf//
jynfol@qENudkwefzdk;xm;av;pm;todtrSwfjyKaom/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf.a&G;aumufyGJ
&v'ftay:xm;&Sdaomoabmxm;&yfwnfcsufonf &Si;f vif;jywfom;ayonf// trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@
csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;a':atmifqef;pk}unfu 28-5-98 ae@wGif atmufygtwdkif; rdef@cGef;ajym}um;
cJhayonf//
“usrwdk@EdkifiH&JhtawG@t}uHKt& jznfhpGufajymqdkvdkwmuawmh a&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;&if

a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudktaumiftxnfazmfay;zdk@vnf; vdkao;w,fqdkwJhtcsufygyJ// a&G;aumufyGJ
&v'fudktaumiftxnfrazmfwm[m xrif;pm;zdwf/ xrif;yGJjyif/ pm;yGJrSmxdkifcdkif;+yD;rS rpm;&bl;
qdkjyD; xrif;[if;awGjyef+yD;odrf;oGm;ovdkygyJ/ {nfhonfawGudkapmfum;wJhvkyf&yfyg// 1990 ckESpf/ a&G;
aumufyGJ&v'fudktaumiftxnfrazmfay;wm[m jynfolw&yfvHk;udk vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;apmfum;
&ma&mufw,f// ”
“tm%mydkifawG[m rdrdwdk@oabmruswJh a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fqdk&if v#pfv#L&SKvdkuf/ vdkcsif

wJh&v'fjzpfvmEdk;Edk; a&G;aumufyGJtopfawGusif;yvdkufeJ@vkyfaer,fqdk&ifawmh wdkifjynf&J@ tem
*wfeJ@ upm;&ma&mufygvdrfhr,f/ wdkif;jynf&J@tem*wfqdkwm[m upm;&r,fht&mr[kwfygbl;/
wav;wpm;eJ@apmifha&SmufoGm;&r,fht&momjzpfygw,f/ 'ga}umihf 1990 jynfhESpf/ a&G;aumufyGJ
&v'fudk taumiftxnfrazmfbJ aemufa&G;aumufyGJtopfusif;ya&;udk trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD
tzGJ@csKyfu vHk;0vufcHrSmr[kwfb;l vdk@ qHk;jzwfxm;wmjzpfygw,f ”
“1990 jynfESpfa&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfazmfay;zdk@vdkygw,f// yxr

ajcvSrf;taeeJ@ jynfol@v$wfawmfac:ay;&ygvdrfhr,f// ”
jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya't& “v$wfawmfqdkonfrSm jynfol@v$wfawmfudkqdkonf//”[k

jyXmef;xm;ayonf// zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'a&;qGJtwnfjyKydkifcGifhtm%mom&Sdaom wdkif;jynfjyKv$wf
awmfr[kwfay// jynfol@v$wfawmfqdkonfrSm wdkif;jynf.zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' a&;qGJtwnfjyKydkifcGifh
&Sdonfomru Oya'jyKa&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mrsm;yg vkyfydkifcGifh&Sdfayonf? tb,fh
a=umifhqdkaomf jynfol@v$wfawmfqdkonfrSm EdkifiHom;rsm;udk,fpm;EdkifiHawmf.tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk cH,l
usifhoHk;aom EdkifiHawmf.tjrifhqHk;tm%mydkifrsm;tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfayonf?
wdkif;jynfudk 'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmftjzpfwnfaqmufrnfqdkv#if tcsKyftjcmtm%m

onf jynfolvlxkxHrSqif;ouf&rnf/ tpdk;&onf jynfolvlxk.oabmqENtay:tajccH&rnf jzpfayonf?
- 366 -
a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudkav;pm;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;[lonf jynfol@qENudk&dkaoav;pm;jcif;jzpfayonf?
odk@rSom EdkifiHtusdK;jyKvkyfief;rsm;Y jynfolvlxk. xufoefaomyl;aygif;yg0ifr_&&Sdrnfjzpfayonf?
,ae@EdkifiHawmfwGif&ifqdkifae&aom EdkifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;ponfh taxGaxGt=uyftwnf;

rsm;udk jynfolvlxk.wcJeufaomtiftm;rsm;&,lIajz&Sif;Edkif&ef taumif;qHk;enf;vrf;rSm jynfolvlxku
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifhzGJ@pnf;xm;aom v$wfawmfrSwqifh
aqmif&Gufjcif;yifjzpfayonf?
Todk@aqmif&GufEdkif&eftwGuf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u 4if;wdk@.wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif

cGifh&&Sd&rnfjzpfayonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya't& “v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fqdkonfrSm v$wf
awmfodk@a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&oludkqdkonf”[kjyXmef;xm;ayonf? odk@aomfv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;u ,ae@txd yxrt}udrfjynfol@v$wfawmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lusif;yEdkifjcif;r&Sdao;onfrSm tm%m
ydkifrsm;.wm0efysufuGufaer_a=umifhjzpfayonf? odk@twGuf trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh r[mrdwf
wdkif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;.jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(251)OD;wdk@u aqmif&GufEdkifcGifhay;xm;ojzifh
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm; w&m;0ifqHk;jzwfvkyfEdkifcGifh&Sdaom “1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;
aumufyGJrSwifajr‡mufvdkufaom jynfol@v$wfawmfudkudkf,fpm;jyKonfhaumfrwD (jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;
jyKaumfrwD)udk zGJ@pnf;xm;+yD;jzpfayonf?
EdkifiHtwGufta&;w}uD;vdktyfaeaom zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'a&;qGJa&;tygt0if EdkifiHtusdK;

jyKvkyfief;rsm; atmifjrifpGmtaumiftxnfazmfEdkif&ef tm%mydkifrsm;taejzifh Oya't& jynfol@v$wfawmf
ac:,lzGJ@pnf;jcif;ESifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;wm0efxrf;aqmifEdkifcGifhwdk@tm; jiif;y,faejcif;rSm vHk;0rjzpf
oifhrjzpfxdkufay? Todk@jyKvkyfaeor#umvywfvHk; tm%mydkifrsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHY ordkif;pmrsufESmopf
zGifhvSpfEdkifrnfr[kwfay? ordkif;pmrsufESmaemufzufvSef+yD; rdrdjyXmef;cJhaom Oya'/ trdef@/ a=unmcsufESifh
rdrday;xm;cJhaomuwdu0wfrsm;udk csdK;azmufoltjzpf jrefrmEdkifiHordkif;Y raumif;aomxHk;om"u usef&pf
rnfomjzpfayrnf? ordkif;YtrJuGuf}uD;usefaernfjzpfonf? xdk@tjyif tjynfjynfqdkif&mpHE_ef;t&vnf;
“jynfoljynfom;wdk@.qENonf tkyfcsKyfr_tm%m.tajccHjzpf&rnf”[laom vl@tcGifhta&;/rlrsm;udk qef@
usifcsdK;azmufoltjzpf urBmhrSwfwrf;wGifusef&pfrnfomjzpfayonf?
jynfol@v$wfawmfzGJ@pnf;a&;[lonf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tay:Yvnf; wm0ef&Sday

onf? txl;ojzifh tzGJ@csKyfrSjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf rdrdtm;qENrJay;vdkufonfh rJqEN&Sif
rsm;tay:wGif txl;wm0ef&Sdayonf? rJqEN&Sifrsm;tm; av;pm;=u&rnf/ ypfy,fIrxm;&/ tzGJ@csKyfu
xkwfjyefxm;aom “ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJa=unmpmwrf;”yg tcsufrsm;udkarhaysmufypf
Ir&/ xdktcsufrsm;onf rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxktay: 0efcHuwday;xm;onfrsm;jzpfayonf? wcsdefwnf;wGif
rdrdtm;udk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpfa&G;cs,fwm0efay;vdkufaom tzGJ@csKyftay:wGif opPm&Sd&rnf/ tzGJ@csKyfu
owfrSwfxm;onfh pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;udk vdkufem=u&rnfjzpfayonf?
awG@qHkaqG;aEG;r_rSwqifh jynfol@v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;+yD;/ 'Drdkua&pDjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHjzpfay:vm

a&;twGuf a&G;aumufyGJoufwrf;(13)ESpfwif;wif;jynfcJhaom Tae@T&uftxd rdrdwdk@.touf/ udk,fydkif
vGwfvyfcGifh/ pD;yGm;a&;/ rdom;pk&yfwnfa&;wdk@udkpGef@v$wftepfemcHum }udK;yrf;cJh=uaom/ }udK;yrf;aeqJjzpf
aom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tygt0if 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;tm; *k%fjyKrSwfwrf;wiftyfay
onf?
- 367 -
EdkifiHwumtv,fwGif qif;&JaomEdkifiHtjzpfrS wdk;wufaomEdkifiHjzpfvma&;twGuf tajymif;tvJ
vdktyfcsufrsm;udkjznfhpGrf;Edkif&ef trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf trsdK;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;/ aqG;aEG;yGJ
jzpfay:vma&;wdk@udk tpOfwpdkuf}udK;yrf;cJhayonf? ,Hk=unfr_wnfaqmufjcif;tqifhrS EdkifiHa&; t"dy`m,f
jynfh0aomawG@qHkaqG;aEG;r_udk tjrefqkH;pwif&ef trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfbufu t+rJwrf;toifh&Sdae
ayonf?
wcsdefwnf;wGif rnfokd@yiftcuftcJtwm;tqD; c&D;=urf;rsm;}uHKawG@aeapumrl trsdK;om;'Drdk

ua&pDtzGJ@csKyftm; vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyGJrSwqifh jynfolvlxku rdrdwkd@.'Drdkua&pDtcGifh
ta&;t& rdrdwdk@}udKufESpfouf&mtpdk;&udkzGJ@pnf;Edkif&ef a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcJh+yD;jzpfI cdkifrmaom ZGJ/ owWd/
vHk@v/ 0D&d,wdk@udkqkyfudkifv#uf jynfolvlxkESifhtwl tajctaetcsdeftcgrsm;ESifhqDav#mfrnfh EdkifiHa&;
vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfayonf?
A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@
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1365 ckESpf/ uqkefvjynfhausmf (12)&uf?

2003 ckESpf/ arv (27)&uf?
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trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf
trSwf (97§c)/ taemufa&$*kHwkdifvrf;
A[ef;+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@
a=unmcsuf
1? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJudk 1990 jynfhESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmf

a¶G;aumufyGJOya'ESifhtnD tm%mydkifrsm;uusif;yay;cJhonf? tqdkygOya'tm; 1988 ckESpfrSpI EdkifiHawmf
tm%mudkodrf;,lcJhaomtm%mydkifrsm;u xkwfjyeftwnfjyKcJhjcif;jzpfonf? tqdkyga¶G;aumufyGJonf vGwf
vyfIw&m;r#waoma¶G;aumufyGJjzpfonf[k ‚if;wdk@uyif0efcHcJhonf?
2? (1) odk@aomf tm%mydkifrsm;onf a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;onfhtcg/ vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyGJ

[kqdkygv#uf a¶G;aumufyGJOya't& a¶G;aumufy&GJ v'fudktaumiftxnf azmfay;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf;
,ae@(14)ESpfwdkifwdkiftxdvpfv#L¶_xm;+yD;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudk ac:,lray;cJhay?
(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr(3)u Todk@twdtvif; ¶Sif;vif;jywfom; pGm
jyXmef;xm;onf? ‚if;wdk@rSm ² ² ²
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“v$wfawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOya'ESifhtnDa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvdkufaom v$wfawmfudk,f
pm;vS,frsm;jzifhzGJ@pnf;&rnf//”[kjzpfonf? t"dy`m,frSm jynfol@v$wfawmfudkac:ay;&rnfjzpfonf?
(3) xdkodk@wduspGmjyXmef;xm;ygv#ufESifh ,if;Oya'udkrvdkufembJ tm%mykdifrsm;u jynfol@v$wf
awmfudkac:,lay;cJhjcif;r¶SdbJvHk;0ysufuGufcJhayonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfac:ay;&ef‚if;wdk@wGif wm0ef
tjynfht0¶Sdonf?
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jzpfayonf?
(1) ,cif wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu 23-9-88 &ufae@wGif ² ² ²

“ ² ² ² u|efawmfwdk@wpfawG[m wyfrawmfom;awGjzpf=uygw,f? wyfrawmfom;rsm;eJ@zGJ@pnf; xm;wJh
u|efawmfwdk@tzGJ@tpnf;taeeJ@vnf; EdkifiHhaus;Zl;opPmudkcH,lxm;wJh tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfvdk@ EdkifiH
awmfESifhEdkifiHom;rsm;tay: 0efcHxm;¶Sd+yD;jzpfwJhuwdopPmudk rnfodk@aomta=umif;a=umifhr#
y,fzsuf/ azmufzsuf rSmr[kwfa=umif; ,Hk=unfxm;¶Sd=uapvdkygw,f? ² ² ² ”
[kvnf;aumif;/
(2) 27-3-89 &uf awmfvSefa&;ae@wGif ² ² ²
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tckajym&rSmyg0ifwJhwm0ef}uD;awGudk OD;vnfrokef qufvuf}udK;yrf;aqmif¶GufoGm;&rSmyJjzpf
w,f? ² ² ² ”[kvnf;aumif;/
(3) wzef 3-7-90 &ufae@wGif ² ² ²
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bl;qdkwmajym+yD;+yDyJ? w&m;cHvnf;tjzpfrcHEdkifbl;? ² ² ² ”
“ ² ² ² tajccHOya'udk ta¶G;cH&wJhygwDtzGJ@tpnf;awGuv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawGnd‡Ed_if;+yD; vkyf=u&
r,fhudpP ² ² ² ”[kvnf;aumif; wdkif;jynfodk@twdtvif;ajym=um;cJhonf?
(4) ,cif EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ twGif;a&;rSL;(1) (,ck EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf
}uD;cif!Gef@)u 13-7-90 &ufae@wGifusif;yaom t}udrf(100)ajrmufowif;pm¶Sif;vif;yGJY ² ² ²
“ ² ² ² tJ'Dvdk cdkifrmwJhtajccHOya'ay:xGef;a&;[m/ a¶G;aumufyGJrSmtEdkif&wJh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;u EdkifiHawmf
eJ@jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;&J@a&¶SnftusdK;pD;yGm;udkar#mfawG;+yD;awmh aqmif¶GufoGm;=u&rSmjzpfygw,f?
zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'a&;qGJa&;wm0ef[m EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;&J@wm0efomjzpfygw,f? ² ² ² ”
[kvnf;aumif;/
(5) 11-9-91 &ufae@wGifusif;yaom (104)}udrfajrmufowif;pm¶Sif;vif;yGJYvnf; ² ² ²
“ ² ² ² e0w taeeJ@ EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'udkra&;bl;/ jynfol@udk,fpm;vS,fawGu a&;zdk@ jzpfw,f?
tJ'Dvdkwdwdvif;vif;ajymcJhwJhtwdkif; ,ck a¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&wJh EdkifiHa&;ygwDtoD;oD;
u jynfol@udk,fpm;vS,fawGeJ@wuG t"duEdkifiHa&;ygwDu 'DudpPudk OD;pD;OD;aqmifjyK&rSmyJjzpf
ygw,f? ² ² ² ” [kvnf;aumif; ajym=um;cJhayonf?
(6) 27-7-90 &ufpGJyg EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@. a=unmcsuftrSwf(1§90) tydk'f
(12)wGifvnf; ² ² ²
(u) “ ² ² ² v$wfawmfac:,lzGJ@pnf;jcif;udk EdkifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u aqmif¶Guf
ay;rnf? ² ² ² ”[kvnf;aumif;/
‚if;jyif ,if;a=unmcsuf tydk'f(20)Yvnf; ² ² ²
- 369 -
(c) “ ² ² ² ,ae@tajctaewGif jynfolrsm;ua¶G;aumufwifajr‡mufvdkufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm; onf
tem*wf'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'udka&;qGJ=u&efwm0ef¶Sdonfhyk*~dKvfrsm;jzpfonf? ²
² ²” [kvnf;aumif; xkwfjyefa=unmcJhayonf?
(7) ,cif EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ twGif;a&;rSL;(1) (,ck EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyf
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif!Gef@)u 11-9-90 &ufae@wGif ² ² ²
(u) “ ² ² ² tckvdk vGwfvyf+yD;w&m;r#wwJh ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk rlv
owfrSwfxm;wJhtwdkif; atmifatmifjrifjrifusif;yay;cJhwm[m e-0-w tzGJ@taeeJ@ tm%m
v$Jajymif;ay; csifvdk@yJ vkyfay;cJhjcif;jzpfygw,f? t%mv$Jay;zdk@qENr¶Sdbl;/ &nf¶G,fcsufr¶Sdbl;qdk&if
tJ'Da¶G;aumufyGJ vkyf ay;p&mta=umif;r¶Sdbl;/ ¶Sif;aeygw,f? ² ² ² ”
(c) “ ² ² ² EdkifiHawmftm%mudk v$Jajymif;ay;tyfcsifwJhqENr&Sdbl;? &moufyef tm%mudkqkyfudkif
xm;vdkw,fqdkwJhpGyfpGJcsufawG[m tckxdrukefao;ygbl;? EdkifiHawmftm%mudk &moufyefqkyfudkifxm;vdk
w,fqdk&if jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk tckvdk}udK;}udK;pm;pm;vkyfay;p&m ta=umif;r&Sdygbl;? EdkifiH
awmftm%mudkv$Jajymif;ay;zdk@ rlvuwnf;uqEN&Sdvdk@om a&G;aumufyGJ}uD;udkjyKvkyfay;cJhwmyJjzpfw,fqkd
wm oabmaygufoifhygw,f? ² ² ² ”[lIvnf; ajym=um;cJhayonf?
(*) ,cif EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme0ef}uD;OD;tkef;a*smfuvnf; (45)}udrfajrmuf ukvor*~taxGaxG nDvmcHY
9-10-90 &ufae@wGif ² ² ²
“ ² ² ² us,fjyef@wJhtrsdK;om;nDvmcHwpf&yfudkvnf; ac:,lusif;yay;rSmjzpfygw,f? zGJ@pnf;yHktajccH
Oya'opfa&;qGJzdk@uawmh ta¶G;cH&wJhudk,fpm;vS,fawG&J@wm0efyJjzpfygw,f? ² ² ² ”[k urBmhEdkifiHtoD;oD;.
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; ajym=um;cJhonf?
4? 2003§04 ckESpf (58)}udrfajrmuf ukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcH wwd,aumfrwDu ² ² ²

“ ² ² ² 'Drdkua&pDudkjyefvnfwnfaqmuf&efESifh 1990 ckESpf/ a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm;av;pm;&ef/
a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf.tjcm;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDul;ajymif;a&;ESifh
trsdK;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;wdk@udkwudk f¶dkufOD;wnf+yD; wnfwHhcdkif+rJIaphpyfaocsmpGmzGJ@pnf;xm;aom awG@
qHkaqG;aEG;a&;udkcsufcsif;pwif&ef/ TaqG;aEG;jcif;wGif apmapmtqifhY wdkif;&if;om;tzGJ@rsm;.udk,fpm;
vS,frsm;tygt0if EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;yg0if&ef/ ² ² ² ”ponfwdk@udk wnDw!Gwfwnf;/ rJcGJjcif;rjyKbJ qHk;
jzwfcJhonf?
5? ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyfonf jrefrmEdkifiHtoGiful;ajymif;a&;ESifhywfoufI atmufyg

twdkif;ajym=um;cJhonf ² ² ²
“ ² ² ² jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvlxku ajymif;vJr_ESifh xdkajymif;vJr_rS&&SdaomtusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; twGuf/
umv&Snf=umpGmapmifhqdkif;cJh+yD;jzpfonf? olwdk@vnf; ajymif;vJr_twGuf 1990 ckESpfwGif qENrJ
ay;cJhonf? olwdk@onf tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;&Sd olwdk@.rJqEN&Sirf sm;uJhodk@ pD;yGm;a&;/ trsm;
jynfolESifhqdkifaom udpP&yfrsm;/ vlr_a&;ESifhEdkifiHa&;wdk;wufr_rsm;. wlnDaomtusdK; aus;Zl;
rsm;udk awG@=uHKcHpm;&ef &oifh&xdkufygonf? ² ² ² ”
6? jrefrmEdkifiHonf ukvor*~tzGJ@0ifwpEdkifiHjzpfaevifhupm;/ ukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcH toD;oD;.

qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk tav;rxm;/ vpfv#L¶_aeonf?
7? w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;[k t}udrf}udrfajym=um;Ia=uG;a=umfaeaomtm%mydkifrsm;onf/ jynfol@v$wfawmf

a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr (3) t&vnf;aumif;/ ausnmcsuftrSwf(1§90)/ tydk'f (12) t&vnf;aumif;/
- 370 -
wdkif;jynfodk@uwdu0wfjyKxm;onfrsm;t&vnf;aumif;/ rJqEN¶Sifjynfolvlxk. wcJeufaxmufcHr_t&
vnf;aumif;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfudkac:,lzGJ@pnf;ay;&ayrnf? v$wfawmfac:,lray;jcif;onf “w&m;Oya'
pdk;rdk;a&;”[lonfESifhqef@usifaeonf? jynfol@v$wfawmfudkac:,lzGJ@pnf;ray;rcsif; rnfodk@aomta=umif;jy
csufjzifh rnfonfhenf;vrf;udkusifhoHk;onfjzpfap/ rnfodk@aomtajctaeESifh rnfonfhtcsdefwGifrqdk/ ,if;
a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fESifhywfoufIysufjy,frnfr[kwfay? TuJhodk@jyKvkyfolrsm;onf jynfol@qENtppftrSef
udkrsufuG,fjyK=uolrsm;jzpfojzifh om;pOfajr;qufemrnfaooGm;+yD; ordkif;w&m;cHrsm;jzpfoGm;ayvdrfhrnf?
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jyifajymif;vJa&;udkvdkvm;=uolrsm;r[kwfay? urBmwGifrnfonfhEdkifiHwGifr# TuJhodk@jyKrlusifh}uHjcif;r¶Sdacs?
urBmhtv,fwGift¶Suf&oduQmusap+yD;/ jrefrmhordkif;wGif azsmufzsufIr&aomtrnf;puf}uD;jzpfaernf?
9? a&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;/ a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudktaumiftxnfrazmfay;jcif;onf/ tvGef@tvGef tusnf;

weft&kyfqdk;onf? ‚if;jyif wdkif;jynfudk 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHxlaxmifay;rnf[k t}udrf}udrfajymaeaomfvnf;/
a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fudktaumiftxnfrazmfay;jcif;onf ppfrSefaom'Drdkua&pDudka¶S;¶_onfr[kwfa=umif;
xif¶Sm;onfomru/ tvGefqdk;¶Gm;onfhtpOftvmjzpfaoma=umifh wdkif;jynfESifhjynfolvlxktusdK;twGuf
vHk;0vufrcHEdkifay? ,ckuwnf;ujynfol@qENudkav;pm;vdkufemjcif;r¶Sdv#if/ aemifa¶G;aumufyGJrsm;.&v'f
rsm;udkvnf; tm%mydkifrsm;uav;pm;vdkufemrnf[k jynfolvlxku,Hk=unf&ef cufcJayvdrfhrnf?
10? ‚if;jyif 1990 ckESpfwGif rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxku ‚if;wkd@.udk,fpm; wdkif;jynfta&;udpPrsm;udkaqmif

&Guf&ef qENrJay;jcif;jzifhvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tyfESif;xm;jyD;jzpfonf? a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'ftm; todtrSwfjyKjcif;
onf rJqEN¶Sifjynfolvlxk.qENudkav;pm;jcif;rnfayonf? rnfonfhtm%mydkifrqdk jynfolvlxk.qENudk
av;pm;=u&p+rJjzpfonf? jynfolvlxkuvnf; a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fudktaumiftxnfazmfay;&ef jyif;jyaom
qENrsm;¶SdaeqJjzpfonf?
11? rsufarSmufacwfEdkifiHwumtajctaersm;udkavhvm=unfhv#if/ jyKjyifajymif;vJr_udk trSefwu,fvdkvm;

aomppftm%m¶Sifrsm;yif jynfol@qENudkav;pm;I wdkif;jynfudkcspfjrwfEdk;aompdwfjzifh rdrdu}uD;rª;usif;y
ay;cJhaoma¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk todtrSwfjyKonfhoufaoom"ursm;¶Sdayonf? a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk
todtrSwfjyKjcif;onf jynfol@qENoabmxm;udk Oya't&vnf;aumif;/ usifh0wfoduQmt&vnf;aumif;
¶dkaoav;pm;jcif;rnfayonf? a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fqdkonfrSm rdrdwdk@.qENtwkdif;jzpfrvmv#if/ rvdkv#ifrvkd
ovdk yHkyef;zsufypfI&aomt&mr[kwfay?
12? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;a':atmifqef;pk=unfu 28-5-98 ae@wGif ² ² ²

“ tm%mydkifawG[m rdrdwdk@oabmruswJha¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fqdk&if vpfv#K¶_vdkuf/ vdkcsifwJh&v'f
jzpfvmEdk;Edk; a¶G;aumufyGJtopfawGusif;yvdkufeJ@vkyfaer,fqdk&ifawmh wdkif;jynf&J@tem*wfeJ@
upm;&ma&mufygvdrfhr,f/ wdkif;jynf&J@tem*wfqdkwm[m upm;&r,fht&mr[kwfygbl;/ wav;
wpm;eJ@ apmifha¶SmufoGm;&r,fht&momjzpfygw,f? ”
“ 1990 jynfhESpfa¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfazmfay;zdk@vdkygw,f? yxrajcvSrf;
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- 371 -
13? tcsdefrnfr#=um=um trSefw&m;qdkonfrSm ordkif;wGifajymif;vJoGm;jcif;r¶Sdovdk/ aysmufuG,foGm;rnf
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tem*wfuoufaojyvdrfhrnf?
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omru/ wdkifjynf.,ae@tajctaeESifhvnf; vHk;0udkufnDaeayonf? ,if;tcsufrsm;udk avhvmjcif;r&Sd/
acwftjrifacwftawG;vnf;r&Sdaom tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifhy*k ~dKvfrsm;uom a¶G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD; (14)ESpf=um
oGm;+yDjzpfI ,ae@tajcaeESifhrudkufnD[k odrfzsif;pGmpGyfpGJajym=um;aejcif;jzpfayonf?
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'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHawmfwnfaqmufa&;[laom qENtppftrSefudk tm%mydkifrsm;urjzpfrae taumiftxnf
azmfay;vmap&ef jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh rJqEN¶SifjynfolvlxkwGif }uD;av;aomwm0efrsm;
¶Sda=umif;/ wdkif;jynf.,ae@jzpfay:aeaom EdkifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;ponfh t=uyftwnf;rsm;udk ajz¶Sif;
Edkif&ef jynfolvlxkuvkyfydkifcGifhtm%mtyfESif;xm;aom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;xm;
onfhjynfol@v$wfawmfrSwyg;tjcm;enf;vrf;r¶Sda=umif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfu av;eufpGma=unm
vdkufonf?
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2004 ckESpf/ arv (27)&uf?
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rSwfpkrsm;tjzpfoifhawmfonfh pmrsufESm(uGufvyf)rsm;wGif xnfhoGif;azmfjy&ef ² ² ²
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf E_wfxGufvdkonfh/ rE_wfxGufvdkonfhudpPrsm;rSm jynfol@

v$wfawmfw&yfay:aygufvm+yD; v$wfawmfOuUXxHwifjyI v$wfawmf.tqHk;tjzwfudkcH,l+yD;rSom aqmif
&GufEdkifjcif;jzpf&ygrnf? ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ya&;aumfr&Sifonf jynfol@v$wfawmf
w&yfr[kwfygojzifh rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxku v$wfvyfIw&m;r#waoma&G;aumufyGJrS a&G;aumufwif
ajr‡mufay;vdkufaom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk E_wfxGufonf[k v$wfawmf.qHk;jzwfcsufr&SdyJ/
a=unmcsufrsm;rxkwfEdkif[k trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfuoabmxm;ygonf? tm%mydkifwdk@u +cdrf;ajcuf
r_/ t=uyfudkifr_trsdK;rsdK;wdk@jzifh twif;t=uyfvufrSwfa&;xdk;cdkif;+yD;/ ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ
usif;ya&;aumfr&Sifu jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcHxm;&oltjzpfrS E_wf
- 372 -
xGufcGifhjyKvkdufa=umif;a=unmjcif;onf Oya't&w&m;r0ifyg? tm%mydkifwdk@u enf;rsdK;pkHtokH;jyKaejcif;
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onfhudpP&yfrsm;jzpfygonf?
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rSay;ydk@onfh pmtrSwf - 016§pnf; (a±G;)§97 &ufpGJ - 1997 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (10)&uf rS ² ² ² ¢
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enf;enf;awmh [moygyJ? a¶G;aumufyGJrSm rJay;wkef;u rJay;wJhvlu ig;aomif;r¶Sdbl;/ tckusawmh usrod
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aomif;awmifausmfaew,f? 'gawG[m wzufu=unfh&ifawmh [moaygh? wzufu=unfh&ifawmh usrwdk@
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t+rJajymw,f/ wkdif;&if;om;awG[m 'Drkdua&pD&Sdvdk@&Sd&if udk,fh=urRmukd,fzefwD;EkdifcGifh&Sdw,f? tckvdkom
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w,fqkdwmu 'DvdkrsKd; udk,fhu&ifjynfe,frSmu a&SŒwef;ppfrsufESmvdkjzpfaew,f? ppfab;ppf'%fudkvnf;
u&ifjynfe,fuvlawGutcH&qkH;? tJ'Dawmh tJ'DtcsdefrSm udk,fu 'Drkdua&pDqkd+yD;awmh tEkdif&wJhtcg=u
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a¶G;aumufyGJESifhjynfol@v$wfawmf
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trSwf(10§97) rS ² ² ² ¢
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trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfu qENrJay;ydkifcGifh¶Sdoltm;vHk;. (38²11366)&mcdkifE_ef;om¶Sdw,fvdk@

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csKyftpnf;ta0;wGif obmywd.ajym=um;csuf (26-5-96) rS ² ² ² ¢
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ra&mhyg;oGm;Edkifygbl;?
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tzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;.ajym=um;csufrS ² ² ² ¢
- 375 -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1990 ckESpf/ a¶G;aumufyGJ&J@&v'fudk taumiftxnfazmfzdk@u jrefrmEdkifiHolEdkifiHom;awGomru

urBmolurBmom;tm;vHk;&J@wm0ef jzpfw,fqdkwmudk ukvor*~ucsrSwfxm;wJh jrefrmEdkifiHeJ@ywfoufwJh
qHk;jzwfcsufawGu oufaoxlaeygw,f?
1990 ckESpf/ a¶G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk ab;z,fzdk@/ azsmufzsufzdk@ }udK;yrf;r_awGtay:rSmtajccHwJh vkyf&yf
rSefor#[m w&m;vJr0if jynfol@qENeJ@vJqef@usifwma=umifh EdkifiHtwGuf b,fvdkrStusdK;jyKEdkifr,fr[kwf
yg? jynfolawGudkay;cJhwJh uwdu0wfawGudk azmufzsufjcif;/ jynfolawGa¶G;cs,fxm;wJhudk,fpm;vS,fawGudk
apmfum;jcif;/ jynfolawG&J@qENudktwdkuftcHvkyfjcif; pwJhvkyf&yfawGay:rSm wdkif;jynf&J@tem*wfudkwnf
aqmufvdk@rjzpfygbl;?
¡ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;cJhonfh (6)ESpfajrmuftpnf;ta0;wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD

tzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;.ajym=um;csufrS ² ² ² ¢
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;?
1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif rJqEN&Sifjynfolvlxku 'Drkdua&pDusifh

pOft& a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufay;vkdufaom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf/ jynfol@v$wfawmf
ac:,l+yD;ygrS/ 4if;wGif ,if;wkd@uowfrSwfay;vdkufaom v$wfawmfoufwrf;ukefqkH;onftxd jynfol@v$wf
awmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf oufqkdif&mtm%mykdifrsm;u &uf&ufa&ma&mE_wfxGufapvifhupm; w&m;0if
wnf&Sdaeonfjzpfa}umif;ukd qkH;jzwfonf//
¡ 1990 jynfhESpf/ arv(27)&ufae@uusif;y+yD;pD;cJhaom ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ atmifyGJcH

onfh(7)ESpfajrmufESpfywfvnfae@wGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESihf
jynfe,f§wkdif;/ +rdK@e,ftoD;oD;rS tzGJ@csKyf0ifrsm;.ukdf,fpm;vS,frsm; aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;rScsrSwfay;vkdufaom
qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;rS ² ² ² ¢
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- 377 -

013 - Partesoneyawekautpyaw 1990

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013 - Partesoneyawekautpyaw 1990

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1990 jynfhESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGif usif;ycJhonfh

“1990 jynfhESpf/ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJrSwfwrf;”pmtkyftm; rdrdwwfpGrf;or#

19 &mpkaESmif;ydkif;ESpfrsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHtzdk@ uHqdk;rdk;arSmifusaomESpfrsm;jzpfcJhonf? ,if;ESpfrsm;

wdk@Armtpnf;t¶Hk;0ifocifrsm;.acgif;aqmifr_jzifh 1930 jynfhESpfrS 1934 ckESpftwGif; tvkyform;

xdkodk@aomtHkºuGr_}uD;a=umifh e,fcsJ@orm;onf wxpfav#mhI (91)XmetkyfcsKyfa&;udkay;cJh&onf?

xdkrS zqyv acwfwGif vlwdkif;rJay;Edkifonfh wdkif;jyKjynfjyKv$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJodk@wdkifcJhonf?

1974 ckESpf/ rwfv (2)&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkqdk¶S,fvpforRwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf jynfol@v$wfawmf

1990 jynfhESpf/ arv (27)&ufae@wGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ}uD;udk usif;ycJhonf?

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfwGif &[ef;&Sifvl ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;ESifh jynfoltrsm;. 'Drdku

a=unmcsuf trSwf (1)

(1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 2 &uf)

1? Taumfr¶SiftzGJ@0ifrsm;onf touft¶G,ft& tbufbufrS tem;,lae=uaom yk*~dKvfrsm;jzpf

ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD taxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ usif;ya&;aumfr¶Sifudk rlvpwifzGJ@pnf;pOfu ² ² ²

OuUX ² ² ² OD;baX; (t+idrf;pm; b¾mawmfrif;}uD;)

wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;apmarmif(,ckuG,fvGef)onf pwkwˆt}udrfjynfol@

aumfr&Sif.arwWm&yfcHcsuft& EkdifiHawmfaumifpDu 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (16)&ufpGJyg

&efukef+rdK@/ 1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 6 &uf

1350 jynfhESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; 6 &uf

EdkifiHawmfaumifpDonf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 16 &ufpGJyg jynfol@0efxrf;rsm;ESifhywfoufonfh

EkdifiHawmfaumifpDu txyfyga=unmcsufudkxkwfjyefvkdufonfhtwGuf jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOf

1350 jynhfESpf/ awmfovif;vqef; (8)&uf

1? EkdifiHawmfw0ef;vkH;wGif tbufbufrS,dk,Gif;aeaomtajctaeudk tcsdefrDxdef;odrf;Ekdfif&eftwGuf

xkd@aemuf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19)&ufae@ rGef;vGJ(1)em&DftcsdefwGif umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme/

EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@onf 1988 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (18)&ufpGJyg a=unm

aumfr&Sifonf rdrdtm;ay;tyfxm;onfhwm0efjzpfaom vGwfvyfIw&m;r#wonfhygwDpkH'Drkdua&pD

vGwfvyfIw&m;r#waom ygwDpkH'dDrdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdifa&;

jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'onf jynfolrsm;ESifhoufqkdifaom Oya'w&yfjzpfonf? ,ck

!Gef=um;csufrsm;/ &yfuGufESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk aumfr&SiftzGJ@cGJrsm;twGuf

jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya'wGif rlykdif;qkdif&mrsm;jyÏmef;xm;+yD; enf;Oya'rsm;wGif aqmif

ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJudk vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wpGmusif;yEkdifa&;twGuf EkdifiHawmf

(1) a'ocHtrsm;jynfolwkd@. ,kH=unfav;pm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvf OuUÏ

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH. a&G;aumufyGJorkdif;wavsmufwGif usif;ycJhaoma&G;aumufyGJrsm;Y vGwf

EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;ukdjyÏmef;+yD;onfhaemuf aumfr&Sifonf ,if;

ygwDtzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;onf a¶G;aumufyGJwGif tenf;qHk; v$wfawmfrJqENe,f(3)e,fY 0ifa&muf

EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;rSwfyHkwifjcif;Oya' yk'fr(6)wGif a¶G;aumufyGJusif;yjcif;rjyKrD rSwfyHkwifcGifh&¶Sd+yD;

jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJenf;Oya' 106 t& qENrJvufrSwfay:wGif&dkufESdyf&ef a&G;aumufyGJ

ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJusif;ycJh&m jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdfifiHw0ef;vkH;wGif rJ&kHaygif;

aumfr&Sifonf a&G;aumufyGJvkyfief;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I xkwfjyefa=unmxm;onf vkyfief;tpDtpOf

1351 ckESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqef; (13)&uf

ta=umif;t&m? ? ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJusif;yrnfhae@&ufESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;

jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr 28/ yk'frcGJ(*)ESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfa¶G;aumufyGJenf;

(u) ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa¶G;aumufyGJ 1352 ckESpf/ e,kefvqef; 4 &uf

aumfr&Sifonf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdfifiHawmftwGif;&Sd e,fajrtm;vkH;wGifvGwfvyfI w&m;r#w

qENrJrsm;a&wGufjcif;ESifh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftrnf a=unmjcif;?

a&G;aumufyGJusif;yaomae@wGif qENrJay;vkdaomrJqEN&Sifrsm;onf rJ&kHrsm;Y eHeuf(6)em&DrS

(u) a&G;aumufyGJusif;yr_ tajctae

(q) wpfoD;yk*~vv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;rsm;. a&G;aumufcH&r_tajctae

txufwGifazmfjycJhonfhtwkdif; ygwDpkH'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJY 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifonfh

“ 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufjcif;cHcJh&onfh

1? umrdkif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;wifjrif/h trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

2? csDaAG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;*sDabmifrfvSef;/ ucsifjynfe,ftrdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf?

3? ac:bl'J+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;rzef;qif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

4? Aqmhavmf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;rkwfajrmfqef;acgif/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;ygwD?

5? qGrfy&mbGrf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;aZmftdef/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf?

6? wEdkif;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;tif0rfcef;aZmfaxmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

7? aemifrGef;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;trfqifqm;&f/ wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;ygwD?

8? Ylwmtdk+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;a,mpD/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

9? Aef;armf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;ykaxG; (Aef;armfndKEGJ@)/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

10? jrpf}uD;em;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;jrarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

11? jrpf=uD;em;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2) - OD;OD;Aspfwl;/ ucsifjynfe,ftrsKd ;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef*&uf?

13? rdk;!‡if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,ftrSwf (1) - OD;ausmfarmif/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

14? rdk;n‡if;+rdK@e,frJqENe,f trSwf(2) - OD;=umjr/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

15? rdk;armuf+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;aomif;aiG/ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

16? rHpD+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;a*strfaemfvm/ trsdL;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf?

2? csDaAG+rdK@e,frJqENe,f - OD;sDabmifrfvSef;/ ucsifjynfe,ftrdsK;om;'Drdkua&pDuGef&uf?