jif{ &, c+s @(,

@)&! ;fn h]7 $ ut] cfOtaf/ (May 18, 2014)

d"No ?= &.

!( ljBfyL{ ;+u7gf/f :jljo' r'gfj alxisf/ kl5 x6\b} k|r08

sf7df8f}F . lqe'jg ljZjljBfnon]

h]7 !$ ut]sf nflu tf]lsPsf] :jtGq
ljBfyL{ o'lgog -:jljo'_ sf] r'gfj rf/
lbg k/ ;f/]sf] 5. !( ljBfyL{ ;+u+ 7gn]
alxisf/ ug]{ eg]kl5 r'gfj rf/ lbg
k5fl8 !* ut] ;fl/Psf] xf]. t/, !(
ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] cfk"mx?;Fu 5nkmn
gu/L :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgog -:jljo'_
sf] r'gfjsf] gofF ldlt 3f]if0ff ul/Psf]
eGb} r'gfj x'g glbg] r]tfjgL lbPsf
5g\. !( ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf] a}7sn]

cfk"mx?nfO{ g;f]wL lqljn] r'gfjsf]

;f/]sf] eGb} r'gfj x'g glbg] lg0f{o
u/]sf] xf]. lqlj ljBfyL{ sNof0f tyf
cltl/St lqmofsnfk dxfzfvf k|dv
'
u+ufaxfb'/ yfkfn] r'gfjsf nflu ;do
ck'u ePsfn] ldlt ;fl/Psf] hfgsf/L
u/fPsf 5g\. pgn] ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf]
cfu|xdf gofF ldlt tf]lsPsf] atfP.
cfGbf]n/t kIfn] klg h]7 !$ ut]sf]
ldlt ;fg'{k5{ eg]sf lyP, pgn] eg],
-afFs L clGtd k]h df_

sf7df8f} F . d' n' sdf u0ftGq

:yfkgfkl5 klg ;/sf/L :jfldTj
k|of]u u/]sf k"j{ /fhf 1fg]Gb| zfxsf]
ljh'nL / kfgLsf] z'Ns s;n] ltg]{
eGg] ljjfb rls{Psf] 5. ;/sf/L
lgsfoxaLr ;dGjo gx'Fbf g]kfn
ljB't\ k|flws/0f / sf7df8f}+ pkTosf
vfg] k fgL lnld6] 8 n] gfufh' { g
b/af/af6 dfq Ps s/f]8al9 /sd
kfPsf 5}gg. u0ftGq :yfkgfkl5
tTsflng /fhf 1fg] G b| zfxnfO{
;/sf/n] a:g lbPsf] gfufh' { g

b/af/sf] ljB't\ / kfgLsf] z'Ns Ps

s/f]8 al9 k'Ubf ;d]t b'a} lgsfon]
k};f kfPsf 5}gg\. ;/sf/n] k"j{/fhf
zfxnfO{ a:glbPsf] gfufh'{g b/af/
If]qdf k|of]u ePsf] ljB't\ / kfgLsf]
afFsL /x]sf] c;'Ng g]kfn ;/sf/ /
g]kfn 6i6sf] sfof{nonfO{ kqfrf/
u/]klg b'a}n] Ps csf{nfO{ b]vfP/
klG5Psf] 5.
g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f klZrd
zfvf s'nZ] j/ gfufh'g{ b/af/ aSof}tf
-afFs L clGtd k]h df_

1fg]Gb|n] lt/]gg\ s/f]8f}+ dxz'n

;'Ts]/Lsf] cf}ifwL jfd kfbf{ clVtof/sf] vf]/df

sf7df8f}F. clVtof/ b'?kof]u
cg';Gwfg cfof]un] ;'Ts]/Lsf] cf}ifwL
vl/bdf clgoldttf u/]sf] cf/f]kdf
:jf:Yo
;] j f
ljefusf
dxflgb]{zs;lxt ^ hgfnfO{ kqmfp
u/]sf] 5. kqmfp kg]{df ljefusf
tTsfnLg dxflgb]{zs 8f= ldUdf/
u] N h] g z] k f{ , cfk" l t{ Joj:yf
dxfzfvfsf tTsfnLg k|dv
' 8f= g/]z

k| t fk s] = ;L=, cfk" l t{ Joj:yf

dxfzfvfsf tTsfnLg jl/i7 lgb]{zs
s[i0faxfb'/ rGb, tTsfnLg cfk"lt{
Joj:yf dxfzfvf v/Lb OsfOdf
sfo{/t hg:jf:Yo clws[t kjgk|;fb
sf]O/fnf, O{lkl8ldof]nf]hL tyf /f]u
lgoGq0f dxfzfvfdf sfo{ / t
hg:jf:Yo clws[t /fd;'Gb/ ofbj,
-afFs L clGtd k]h df_

slyt
;+ljwfg;ef
if8oGq ug]{
ynf]
alg/x]sf] 5
lj:t[t # k]hdf

dfcf]jfbLnfO{ g]t[Tj ;'Dkg] pb\3f]if

sf7df8f}F. Pdfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf

k'iksdn bfxfn k|r08 Pskl5
csf]{ ub}{ /fli6o /fhgLlt / kf6L{
g]t[Tjdf c;kmn ;fljt x'Fb} uPkl5
cl:tTj /Iffsf] vf]hLdf nfu]sf 5g\.
ljutdf k6sk6s g] s kf
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ c;Gt'i6x?sf] e'm08
eGg] cleJolQm lbFb} cfPsf k|r08
ca g]skfdfcf]jfbLs} g]t[Tj dfGg
tof/ ePsf] cleJolQm lbPsf 5g\.
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf ;d{gfs
xf/ Joxf]/s
] f tyf kf6L{leq afa'/fdn]
aa08/ dRofPkl5 k| r 08
cQflnPsf x'g \. ;+ljwfg;efdf
sdhf]/ kf6L{sf] ?kdf ;xefuL x'gk' bf{
;+;b\jfbLx?sf] k]nfO v]Kg' k'u]sf
k|r08nfO{ kf6L{df ;d]t c;kmn
t'Nofpg vf]h]kl5 pgn] g]skf
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ g]t[Tj ;'lDkP/ To;sf]
sfo{stf{ aGg tof/ /x]sf] ;fj{hlgs
?kd} pb\3f]if u/].

Pp6} sDo'lgi6 s]Gb| lgdf{0f M

;Defjgf / r' g f} t L ljifos
sfo{qmddf k|r08n] kf6L{ k'glg{df{0fsf
nflu df]xg j}B ls/0fnfO{ g]t[Tj
lhDdf nufP/ cfk"m ;fdfGo sfo{stf{
aGg tof/ /x] s f] pb\ 3f] if u/] .
k|r08n] df]xg j}B ls/0f s} cufl8

dGtJo JoSt ub}{ eg] )$^ ;fnsf]

P] ltxfl;s hgcfGbf] n g cufl8
sd/]8 ls/0fn] dnfO{ Tolta]nfsf]
dxfdGqL tkfO{ x'g'k5{ eg]/ Pp6f
;Gbe{ d f k| : tfj ug' { e of] , ;xL
ljrf/wf/fTds
/fhgLlts
sfo{lbzfsf] cfwf/df kf6L{ k'glg{df{0f

pkTosfdf g} Uof; pTvggsf] tof/L

sf7df8f} F . vfgL tyf
e"ue{ljefun] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf]
Odf8f]ndf Uof; pTvgg ug{ cfJxfg
u/]sf] 6]G8/df tLgj6f sDkgLn] 6]G8/
e/]sf 5g\. ut r}t #) ut] 6]G8/
cfXjfg u/]/ k]; ug{ j}zfv #)
ut];Ddsf] ;do tf]lsPsf] lyof].
tf] lsPsf] ;dodf ljleGg tLg
sDkgLn] 6]G8/ xfn], dxflgb{]zs
;j{lhtk|;fb dxtf]n] atfP. lghL
If]qnfO{ lbg] nfdf] k|of; ;kmn x'g
g;s]kl5 ljefun] cfkm}F ug{ nfu]sf]
Uof; pTvggsf] nflu #) nfv %$
xhf/ ?k}ofF vr{ cg'dfg u/]/ 6]G8/
cfXjfg u/]sf] lyof]. Uof; pTvggsf
nflu ;/sf/n] o;} cfly{s jif{df ah]6
5'6\ofPsf] lyof]. pkTosfdf Uof;
hldgsf] dflyNnf] ;txaf6 b'O{ ;o
%) b] l v tLg ld6/ ulx/fOdf
b]lvPsfn] Odf8f]ndf klg tLg ;o

%) ld6/;Dd 6]:6 cf]On pTvgg

ul/g]5. cfPsf tLgj6f k|:tfjsf]
d"Nof+sg u/L ;ldltn] b'O{ ;ftfleqdf
Pp6f sDkgL 5gf]6 ug]5
{ . sDkgL
5gf]6 ePkl5 Uof; pTvgg ;'? x'g]
dxtf]n] hfgsf/L u/fP. pkTosfsf
ljleGg 7fpFdf Uof; lg:sg] ;Defjgf
eP klg klxnf] r/0fsf] nflu
Odf8f]ndf pTvgg x'g] ljefusf]
k|fs[lts U
of; tyf sf] O nf
zfvf k|d'v nf]sljho clwsf/Ln]
atfP. Odf8f]ndf ljefusf] cfg}
hUuf ePsfn] ToxL 7fpFdf pTvgg
ug{ nfluPsf] xf] . o; If] q df
cGoqeGbf a9L Uof; ePsf] cWoogn]
b]vfPsf] 5. oxL cfly{s jif{leq Uof;
pTvgg sfo{;Sg] of]hgfcg';f/ ljefu
nfluk/] s f] 5. @)#^ ;fnb] lv
pkTosfdf Uof; cGj]if0f, cWoog
ul//x]sf] ljefun] @)%@ df clGtd

k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf] lyof]. ToxL

k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df lghL If]qnfO{
pTvgg / pTkfbgsf] lhDdf lbg] eg]/
ljefun] k6sk6s 6]G8/ cfXjfg
ub}{ cfPsf] lyof]. t/, kfFr kN6;Dd
cfXjfg ubf{ s;}n] 6]G8/ xfn]g. 5}7f}F
k6sdf b'O{ g]kfnL sDkgLn] 6]G8/ xfn]
klg tL b'j} 5gf]6 x'g ;s]gg\. nfdf]
;do;Dd lghL sDkgLn] rf;f]
gb]vfPkl5 ljefu cfkm}F cl3 ;/]/
pTvgg ;' ? ug{ nfu] s f] xf] .
pkTosfdf #! s/f]8 3gld6/ Uof;
e08f/ /x]sf] cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5.
clwsf/Lsf cg';f/ sf7df8f}s
F f] blIf0fL
e]udf Uof;sf] ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5.
6]sb' l] v Odf8f]n, l6sfynL If]q;Dd
@^ ju{lsnf]ld6/df Uof;sf] ;Defjgf
5. pSt If]qnfO{ tLgj6f Ansdf
ljefhg ul/Psf] 5. cWoogcg';f/
-afFs L clGtd k]h df_

xf];,\ d}n] g]tT[ j csf]{ sfd/]8nfO{ lbP/

eP klg of] k'glg{df{0fsf] k|lqmof cufl8
hfg k5{. cfk"mn] kf6L{sf] g]tT[ j df]xg
j}B ls/0fnfO{ lhDdf nufpg] 3f]if0ff
ub}{ubf{ k|r08 s]xLa]/ efj's ag]/
/f]lsPsf lyP. gofF afg] Zj/sf]
cNkmfa]6fdf vrfvr el/Psf b'a}
dfcf] j fbLsf sfo{ s tf{ n ] tfnL
k8\sfPsf lyP eg] k|r08sf] g]t[Tj
x:tfGt/0f ug{] 3f]if0ff ;'lg/x]sf df]xg
j}B ls/0f efa's ePsf lyP. sxLF
km]l/ ljleGg ldl8ofdf cfPh:tf]
h;/L klg g]tT[ j lnO/fVg vf]H5 xf]nf
eGg]h:tf] e|d cfhsf] lbgaf6 cGTo
xf];\ k|r08n] eg] d Oltxf;df hf]
sfd/]8n] dnfO{ cufl8 Nofpg s]xLa]/ /f]lsP/_ e"ldsf v]Ng'eof],
d ToxL sfd/]8nfO{ cufl8 /fv]/ d
km]l/ sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] ;fdfGo
sfo{stf{ eP/ cufl8 hfg tof/ 5'.
-afFs L clGtd k]h df_

gf}l a;] gfu9' f ;8s

dd{t cj?4

sf7df8f}F . ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv

dd{t ;'? ePsf] eP klg 7]s]bf/sf]
nfk/afxLsf sf/0f ;dod} sfd
;DkGg x'g g;s]sf] gf}la;] gfu9'u+ f
;8s kl5Nnf] k6s lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf]
cefj ePsf] eGb} k'gM dd{tsf] sfd
:ylut ePsf] 5. ;f] ;8sv08sf]
w]/}h;f] :yfgdf 9nfg ug'{kg]{ eP
klg kl5Nnf] lbgdf ;/sf/n] /f]8f
luL, 9'f cfoftdf s8fO u/]kl5
;8s dd{tdf ;d:of ePsf] xf].
k| w fgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\
sfof{non] k6sk6s cg'udg u/L
;dod} dd{tsf] sfd ;DkGg ug{
lgb]{zg lbP klg sfd k"/f x'g ;s]sf]
5}g. ;f] ;8sv08sf] ofs 3/
v08df ;a}eGbf a9L ;d:of /x]sf]
5. ;f] :yfgdf sl/a ;ft ;o ld6/
;8sv08df 9nfg ug'{kg]{5. o:t}
ofKn]vf]nfdf @ ;o &) ld6/ 9nfg
-afFs L clGtd k]h df_

s]lGb|o k':tsfno ljB'tLo k':tsfno aGb} k|;+u M b'O{ dfcf]jfbL Pstfsf]

sf7df8f} F . lqlj s] l Gb| o

k':tsfnonfO{ ljB'tLo k':tsfnosf
?kdf ljsf; ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] 5.
g]kfns} 7"nf] k':tsfnosf ?kdf /x]sf]
lqlj s]Gb|Lo k':tsfnonfO{ ;do;fk]If
/ k|efjsf/L agfpFb} n}hfg] nIosf
;fy k' : tsfnonfO{ ljB' t Lo
k' : tsfnosf ?kdf ljsf; ug{
nfluPsf] xf]. lqljsf] :yfkgf;Fu} @)!^
;fndf sf7df8f}s
F f] lqk'/Z] j/df :yfkgf
u/L ;~rfngdf NofOPsf]
k' : tsfnonfO{ @)@) ;fndf
sLlt{k/' df ;fl/Psf] lyof]. :yfkgfsf

;dodf Ps xhf/ @)) k':ts /fv]/

cfgf] ;]jf ;'? u/]sf] k':tsfnodf
xfn ljleGg ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt rf/
nfv k':tssf ;fy} ljleGg ljifosf
/fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o hg{n tyf
kqklqsf 5g\. k':tsfnon] ljleGg
ck|fKo k':tssf] dfOqmf]lkmlNd sfo{;d]t
ul/;s]sf] 5. k':tsfnosf] ;]jfnfO{
;do;fk]If ?kdf ;xh tyf k|efjsf/L
u/fpg] k':tsfnosf] of]hgfcg';f/
k':tsfnonfO{ ljB'tLo k|0ffnLsf] k|of]u
u/L ljB'tLo k':tsfnosf ?kdf ljsf;
ug{sf nflu sfd eO/x]sf] k':tsfnosf

lgikIf ;dfrf/ / k|:6 ljrf/sf nflu

www.janakhabar.com
x]g{ ge'Ng'xf]nf .

k|dv
' hgfb{g 9'fgfn] hfgsf/L lbP.
g]kfnsf] a9\bf] ljB't\ef/ s6f}tLsf
sf/0f ljutdf k':tsfnosf] ;]jf
;~rfngdf sl7gfO ef]u]s f] ;f]
k' : tsfnodf xfn !@ lsnf] j f6
Ifdtfsf] ;f]nf/ Kofgn h8fg ul/Psf
sf/0f ;]jf k|jfxdf lgs} ;xh ePsf]
5. ;f]nf/ Kofgnsf] ;~rfngsf sf/0f
k':tsfnonfO{ ljB'tLo k':tsfnosf
?kdf n}hfg] of]hgfnfO{ ;d]t cl3
a9fpg ;Dej ePsf] k':tsfno k|dv
'
9'fgfsf] egfO 5. pSt of]hgfcg';f/
k':tsfnon] cfgf ;b:osf nflu
ljB' tLo kl/rokq ljt/0f ;' ?
ul/;s]sf] 5. pSt kl/rokqsf]
k| o f] u;F u} k' : tsfno k| o f] ustf{
;b:osf ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f l8lh6n
k| ljlwdf ;' /lIft /xg] / To;n]
-afFs L clGtd k]h df_

g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL /

PsLs[t g]kfn sDo'lgi6 -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr
Pstfsf] xNnfx kf6L{ ljefhgsf] ^ dlxgf
kl5af6 rNb} cfPsf] 5 / Pdfcf]jfbLsf]
lj/f6gu/ ;Dd]ng kl5 o; xNnfxn]
Jofkstf kfPsf] 5. g]skf dfcf]jfbLn]
@)&)d+l/ @# @( df s'kG8f]ndf ;Dk"0f{
t]>f] k"0f{ a}7sn] kf6L{ aflx/sf ;Dk"0f{
;Rrf qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6xnfO{

g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf Pstf /

w'j| Ls/0faf/] gofF ax;sf] yfngL ePsf]
5. o; k|sf/sf] l:yltdf xfd|f] kf6L{sf]
kf] l n6Jo" / f] a} 7 sdf qmflGtsf/L
sDo'gli6xsf] Pstfsf] nflu lgDgfg';f/
;}4flGts, /fhgLlts tyf ;f+u7lgs
cfwf/sf] kdf lgDg ljifonfO{ k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5 elgPsf] 5, hf] o; k|sf/
5
g
\
M

$= ;fdflhs qmflGt / kfGt/0fsf

nflu an k|of]usf] e"ldsfnfO{
:jLsfg]{ .
%= kf6L{ Oltxf;sf] ;ldIff ug{ / uNtL,
sdL tyf sdhf]/LnfO{ ;RRofpg
tof/ /xg].

If]Kof:q ax;
x:taxfb'/ s];L

Pstfa4 t'NofO{ dfcf]jfbL sDo'lgi6

s]Gb\sf] kdf goff 9+usf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] lg0f{o
lnPsf] lyof]. o;} k|lqmof cGtu{t @)&!
j}zfv @! / @@ ut] a;]sf] g]skf
dfcf]jfbLsf] kf]ln6 Jo"/f] a}7sn], cfh

!= dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb dfcf]jfbnfO{

kyk| bz{ s l;4fGtsf kdf
cjnDag ug]{ .
@= gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf] gLlt, sfo{qmd
/ sfo{ lbzfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ .
#= ;+;bjfbnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug]{ .

^= hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] dd{ tyf

efjgf cg'k ;+u7g ;+rfng ug{ /fhL
x'g] .
ctM g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] kf]ln6Jo"/f]
-afFs L clGtd k]h df_

ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}

s= dfcf]T;] t'

jif{ &, c+s @(, h]7 $ ut] cfOtaf/ @)&!

;DkfbsLo

GofofwLz lgo'lQmdf gf}6+sL aGb u/

;jf]R{ r cbfntsf nflu Gofo kl/ifb\n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf
GofofwLzsf ljifodf clxn] Gofo kl/ifb\ / ;+;bLo ;'gj' fO{
ljz]if ;ldltaLr bf]xf]/L rln/x]sf] 5. b]zsf] ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf] GofowLz lgo'lQmdf o:tf] ljjfb l;h{gf x'g' cfkm}dF f
nHhf:kb ljifo xf]. ;+;bLo ;'g'jfO{ ljz]if ;ldltn]
GofofwLzsf] l;kmfl/;df k/]sf JolQmTjaLr k/]sf ph'/Lx?df
oyfy{tf a'g u/]sf] kxnnfO{ Gofo kl/ifb\n] ;'gj' fO{ gu/]/
uDeL/ q'l6 u/]sf] 5. Gofo kl/ifb\ / ;+;bLo ;'g'jfO{
;ldltaLrsf] h'xf/Ln] ;du| Gofo If]qnfO{ ab\gfd u/]sf] 5.
Gofo kl/ifb\ / ;+;bLo ;'gj' fO{ ;ldltaLr h'g ljifodf h'xf/L
rn]sf] 5, Tof] Hofb} ;d{gfs ljifo xf]. clxn] GofowLz
lgo'lQm k|s/0fdf h'uF fsf] n8fOF b]lvPsf] 5. o;n] nf]stGqs}
pkxf; u/]sf] 5. cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ePcg';f/
;jf]R{ rsf GofofwLzdf gfd l;kmfl/; ePsf JolQmx?sf]
ljifodf ;+;bLo ;'gj' fO{ ;ldltn] ;'gj' fO{ u/L lgo'lQmsf nflu
l;kmfl/; ug'k{ 5{. ;+ljwfgdf /x]sf] o; Joj:yfnfO{ Gofo
kl/ifb\n] cfTd;ft ug'k{ b{5. e|i6 5lj ePsf] JolQmnfO{
GofofwLzdf l;kmfl/; ug]{ / cfgf] unt k|jl[ Q 9fs5f]k ug]{
;+;bLo ;'gj' fO{ ;ldltdf g} ljjfb Nofpg] v]n v]Ng' Hofb}
b'MvbfoL ljifo xf]. Gofo kl/ifb\n] JolQm ljz]ifsf] kl5
nfu]/ k4ltsf] pkxf; ug'{ of]eGbf nHhf:kb ljifo s] x'g
;S5< t;y{, JolQm ljz]ifsf] kl5 nfu]/ k|rlnt k4ltnfO{
kG5\ofpg' x'bF g} . b]zsf] ;jf]R{ r Gofofnodf e|i6 5lj ePsf
JolQmnfO{ k'ofpg x'Fbg} , ;a} lgsfoaf6 :jR5 / ;an
dflgPsf JolQmnfO{ dfq ;jf]{Rrsf] GofofwLzdf lgo'Qm
ug'k{ 5{. o; sfo{df Gofo kl/ifb\n] klg ;xof]u ug'k{ 5{ eg]
;+;bLo ;'gj' fO{ ;ldltn] klg lgikIf eP/ ;'gj' fO{ ug'k{ 5{.

PlG6efO/; k|lalw cf}lrToxLg

sf7df8f} F . sDKo'6/df nfUg]
efO/; lgjf/0f ug{ k| o f] u x' g ]
PG6LefO/; ;6j]o/ lgs} nf]slk|o
5g\ . g] k fndf klg laleGg
PG6LefO/; ;6j] o /sf] laqmL
eO/x]sf] 5 / x/]sh;f] sDKo'6/
k|of]ustf{n] lgMz'Ns kfOg] jf lsGg'kg]{
PG6LefO/; k|of]u ul//x]s} x'G5g\.
t/, PG6LefO/; k| l alw laqmL
ul//x]sf lgdf{tfxn] of] k|lalwsf]
d[To' eO;s]sf] / ca gofF r'gf}tL
;fdgf ug{g;Sg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\.
nf]slk|o gf]6{ PG6LefO/; lgdf{tf
;fOdg6]s sDkgLsf al/i7 pkfWoIf
a|fog 8fO{n] jfn l:66 hg{;Fu s'/f
ub}{ eg] Xofs/xn] sDKo'6/sf]
;'/Iff k|0ffnL Wj:t kfg{ gofFgofF

tl/sfx ckgfO/x]sf 5g\ h;nfO{

/f]Sg PG6LefO/; c;Ifd 5g\. pgn]
eg] xfd|f pTkfbgn] klg ;fOj/
xdnfsf] $% k|ltztnfO{ dfq /f]Sg
;S5g, To;}n] PG6LefO/; xfd|f nflu
klg ca gfkmfsf] Jofkf/ /x]g. gofF
gofF z}nLsf ;fOj/ xdnf /f]Sg
PG6LefO/;x c;Ifd ;fljt x'Fb}
uPsf] ePklg :kfd{ /f]Sg], kf;j8{
Aoa:yfkg ug]{ nufotsf ;fdfGo
sfddf eg] pkof] u L g} 5g\ .
laZjJofkL PG6LefO/; ahf/df *
k|ltzt lx:;f cf]u6g] ;fOdg6]sn]
gljg ;f]+rsf ;fy cfPsf ;fgf
sDkgLnfO{ ;fydf lnP/ cfgf] ahf/
lj:tf/ ug]{ / PG6LefO/;nfO{ ;s];Dd
al9 Ifdtfjfg agfpg] sf]l;;df 5.

/fhgLlts las[ltsf] tdfzf

PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf
cWoIf k'iksdn bxfnn] g]tT[ j 5f8]/
;fwf/0f sfo{stf{ x'g dGh'/ /x]sf]
3f]if0ff ;+u;+u} /fhgLlts d}bfgdf
gofF t/+u pTklt ePsf] 5. d'n'sn]
/fhgLlts lgsfz kfpg]df cem}
cGof}ntf g} b]lvG5 eg] cfufdL df3
dlxgfdf sy+d sbflrt gofF ;+lawfg
hf/L e} xfNof] eg] ;Ghf]u g} dfGg'
kg]{ x'G5. /fhgLlts bnx aLr
alnof] ;+oq :yflkt x'g g;Sbfsf]
kl/0ffd nfdf] ;do b]lv /fhgLlts
;+qmd0f xfjL ag]/ a;]sf] 5. pSt
;+q md0f sfnnfO{ lrg{s f] lglDt
bnx aLr cfk;L Pstfsf] vfFrf]
5 t/ pSt vfFrf] 6fg{sf] lglDt sf]lx
klg cu|;/ ePsf] b]lvb}g. ;d:of
5, ;a}nfO{ /fd|f];Fu cjut 5 t/
Psn] csf{nfO{ cf}Fnf 78\ofP/ kflg
dflysf] cf]efgf] aGg] h'g ck|fs[lts
v]n rln/x]sf] 5 ;j{k|yd Tof] aGb
x'g' kb{5. lgjt{dfg k|wfgdGqL
8fS6/ afa'/fd e/fO{ g] t[ Tjsf]
lgjf{lrt ;/sf/ alxu{g ;Fu;Fu}
k| w fgGofoflwz lvn/fh /] U dL
g]t[Tjsf] r'gfjL ;/sf/ cfudg
x'Fbfsf] avt / at{dfgdf kl/l:ylt
w]/} dfqfdf leGg 5. nf]stGqdf
laZjf; /fVg' x'g] hf] sf]lxn] s]
d'Nof+sg u/]sf lyP eg] /fhgLlts
k4lt nf] stflGqs kyaf6 u} /
nf]stflGqs kydf efl;g k'u]sf]
7x/ u/] s f lyP. kbLo kdf
cWoIf, k|d'v h] pNn]v u/]tf klg
lgjt{ d fg ;/sf/nfO{ d' n ' s sf]
sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kdf :jLsf/
u/]sf lyP. /fhgLlts :jfy{df 8'a]/
5n5fd gu/L l;Fw} k|wfgdGqL 3f]if0ff
u/]sf] eP nf]stGqsf] caz]ifsf]
kdf lng ;lsGYof]. lgjt{dfg
;/sf/ k|d'vsf] d'Vo bfloTj ;do
leq lgjf{ r g u/] / d' n ' s nfO{
/fhgLlts lgsfz lbg' lyof] .
;d:ofsf] lgsfz cfg} 7fpFd f
ljBdfg /x] klg r'gfj rfxL ;dod}
;DkGg ePsf] 5. t/ lgjf{lrt
hgk| ltlglwsf] pGdfbn] ;d:of
;dfwfg x'g'sf] ;f6f] emg\ emg\ a9]/
uPsf] 5. tTsflng ;dodf
/fhgLlts aftfj/0f ;xh geO{
lbPsf] eP $ bnn] lvn/fh /]UdLnfO{

lhDdf nufPsf] tfnf rfjL u'Dg

klg ;SbYof]. c;Dej k|foM s] g}
lyof] /< d' n ' s df hlt klg
/fhgLlts kfqxsf] l;4fGt, p2]Zo
;du|df Psktf ePsf] kfOG5.
d'n 'snfO{ ;d'Ggt af6f]df nfg],
e|i6frf/sf] cGTo ug{, zflGt ;'/Iff,
dxFuL lgoGq0f, ;'zf;g cflb rNtLsf
cleJolSt x'g. t/ ha cfk"m ;Qfsf]
;]/f]km]/f]df 3'Dg] /xg] cj;/ k|fKt
ug{ t'?Gt} af]ln / l;4fGtdf abln
x'g yfNb5. ;Qfdf k'u]sf] ef]lnkN6
b]lv s;/L x'G5 ;/sf/ 9fNg] / csf]{
lgdf{0f ug]{ xf]8afhL rNg] ub{5.
h;sf] sf/0f sf]lx klg Ps sfo{sfn
k'/f ug{ c;dy{ x'G5g. s]jn klbo
nfesf] nfnrdf o:tf 3[l0ft v]n
@)%! ;fnsf] dWofjlb lgaf{rg
kZrft xfn;Dd sfod 5. olt x'Fbf
x'bF } ;xh kdf s';L{ 5f8]sf] Oltxf;
la/n} dfqfdf xf]nf. lsgls Tof] s';L{
k|flKtsf] lglDt lktf k'vf{ b]lvsf] an
nfu]sf] x'G5. a8f] sl7g k"j{s k|fKt
x'g] s';L{ hf] sf]lxn] r6Ss lsg
5f8f];. hGd]/ aNn aNn kfPsf]
cj;/nfO{ h] h:tf] d"No r'sfpg
k/] klg k5f8L gx6L olb n8]/
k|fKt x'G5 eg]. lg/'z /f0ff zf;g
b]lv k~rfotL Joj:yf;Ddsf] ;Qf]
;/fk u/]/ x'G5 ls, 3'Sof{P/, wDSofP/
x'G5 hgdt cfkm' lt/ a6'Ng jfs
sf}zNotfdf lgk'0f ePkl5 g;f]r]sf]
kl/0ffd xft nfUbf] /x]5 eGg] k|dfl0ft
ePsf] 5. lsg eg] olb cGt/
cfTdf b]lv n8]/ laho xfl;n ePsf]
lyof] eg] jt{ d fg /fhgLlts
las[ltsf] cGt plxn] eO;SYof].
o;/L c;/Nn k/]/ b'lgofsf] ;fd'
tdf;f ag]/ bf]af6f]df 5l/g] lyPg.
b]z, sfn, kl/l:yltnfO{ dWogh/
ug{] xf] eg] cfh d'n'sn] s] dfuL
/x]sf] 5< ;d:ofsf] klxrfg u/]/
lgk0f ug'{ kg{] 7fpFdf Hj/f] cfPsf]
ladf/LnfO{ hLjghn lknfP kl5
s;/L ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'G5< eGg]
lt/ Wofg gk'Ug' eg]sf] ;d:ofnfO{
cem a9L uDeL/ df] 8 df nu] /
hl6ntf tkm{ pGd'v u/fpg] if8oGq
xf] eg]/ a'g ;lsG5. /fhgLlt k]zf
dfkm{t\ hLjg lhpg]xn] s] a'g
h?/L 5 eg] b]z sfn kl/l:yltnfO{

ax;

5qaxfb'/ d}gfnL

ulx/fO{;Dd k'u]/ cf+sng ug{;Sg'

kb{5. ;d:of hxfF klg x'g ;S5
t/ ;dfwfg klg Tolx vf]Hg' kof].
/fgLagdf afv|f] x/fof] eg] vf]Hg stf
hfg]< lbzfxLg sfo{sf] s'g} cy{ /xGg
eg] h:t} afv|f] hxfF x/fof] To;}sf]
cf;kf;df vf]h] dfq kl/0ffd xft
nfU5. x}g afv|f] x/fof] /fgLagdf
vf]lh ul/bF5
} t/fOsf] rf/sf];] emf8L
leq clg slxn] kl/0ffd xft nfU5
t< clxn] bnx aLr olx s'/fsf]
vfFrf] b]lvG5. sfd s'/f] Psflt/
s'Dnf] af]sL lydL lt/ eg] h:t}
;d:of Psflt/ 5 ;dfwfgsf] vf]lh
cs}{ lt/ ul/b}5 clg slxn] x'G5
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg< PsLs[t g]skf
dfcf]jfbL kf6L{af6 km'6]/ sd/]8
df]xg j}B g]t[ Tjdf u7g ePsf]
g]skfdfcf]jfbL kf6L{ ;lxtsf] ##
blno /fhgLlts df]rf{n] lgjt{dfg
/]UdL ;/sf/ u7g vf/]hLsf] dfu
/fv]/ ;8s cfGbf]ng u/]sf lyP.
bf];f| ] ;+lawfg;ef r'gfj alxisf/ ub}{
uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng dfkm{t\ /fhgLlts
lgsf; vf]lhg' kb{5 eg]/ af/Daf/
eg]s f lyP t/ Tolta] nf k|d ' v
bnxn] jftf{ u/] g g. ltgsf]
dfunfO{ /2Lsf] 6f]s/Ldf xfn]sf]
;] n fpg gkfpb} PsLs[ t g] s kf
dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn
olt rfF8} g]t[Tj 5f8]/ sd/]8 a}Bsf]
g]t[Tj :jLsf/ ug{ /flh x'g' eof]<
;+;f/df c;Dej s] g} 5 / t/ klg
olt 7'nf] lg0f{o Aoaxfl/s kdf
x'G5 eGg]df laZjf; ug{ sl7g 5.
lautdf ul/Psf lg0f{ox k'glj{rf/
u/]/ g;lRrP;Dd r'gfjsf] cf}lrTo
g/x]sf] ;fj{hlgs eO;s]sf] ;G4j{df
PSnf PSn} s'b]/ lht xfl;n ug{
vf] H bfsf] kl/0ffd klxnf]

;+lawfg;efdf klxnf] ePsf] bn bf];f| ]

;+lawfg;efdf t];|f] x'g' k/]sf] 5.
g]skf Pdfn]s g]tf k"j{ k|wfgdGqL
dfwj s'df/ g]kfnn] Ps ;fj{hlgs
sfo{qmddf af]ns
] f] zAb jf:tljs xf]
h:tf] cg'e"lt eO/x]sf] 5 dfgj
z/L/df ;a} c+uk|To+u r':t b'?:t
ePg eg] :jf:Yo ;~rfngdf afwf
c8\rg cfOkb{5 h;sf] lgbfg Ps
dfq pkfo eg]s f] laz] ; 1;F u
k/fdz{ ug'{ g} xf] g]kfnL /fhgLltdf
c:j:y v]n lb3{ sflng /f]u xf]
/fhgLltnfO{ ;'4 tf k|bfg ug{sf
lglDt ;j{k|yd lt leqsf ;a}
txtKsfdf :j:ytf x'g h?/L 5
larf/df :j:ytf, Aoaxf/df
:j:ytf, lrGtgdf :j:ytf, cflb x'g
;Sof] eg] nf]stflGqs kl/kf6Lsf]
v'Nnf cEof; ug{ ;xh x'G5 x}g eg]
c:j:y dfgl;s k|efj leq /x]/
b'lgofFdf hfg] ;+b]z sbfkL z'4tf
xF'b}g nf]stflGqs kl/kf6L c+ufn]/
rNg'k5{ eGg] Aoaxf/df eg] l7s
pN6f] Jojxf/ u/]kl5 c;Gtf]ifsf
Hjfnf bGsg' :jfefljs xf] ,
nf]stGqdf c;xdt dt hfx]/ ug{
hf] sf]xLnfO{ clwsf/ 5 c;Gtf]if
kIfsf] cfjfhnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/ b]z
/ hgtfsf] lglDt s;n] To:tf]
of]ubfg lbof]< h;sf] g]kfnL hgtfn]
;do ko{Gt ltgn] nufP/ uPsf
u'0fsf] ehg ufpg ;s'g. lautdf
l;Gsf];Dd gefFr]/ ;+lawfg;efsf]
Dofb k6sk6s yk u/]/ b]z /
hgtfnfO{ wf]vf lbPsf] 3fd hlQs}
5n{ 5. t}klg ckh; lng sf]lx
tof/ 5} g g\ . s;sf] sf/0fn]
;+lawfg;efsf] cj;fg eof]< lsg
arfpg] k|of;df ;fj{hlgs kdf
sf]lx b]vf k/]gg< ^)! ;b;Lo
;+ljwfg;efsf ;b:oxn] @ aif{sf]
abnfdf $ aif{;Dd lj/fhdfg eP/
/fHo sf]ifaf6 lsg kfl/>lds a'em]<
;+lawfg gaGg'df d"n sf/stTj sf]
lyof]< oL clgl0f{t k|Zgx Oltxf;df
/xL /xg]5g\.

g]kfnsf] ;u/dfyfaf/] sf]nlDaofdf ax; gd'gf aGb} cyf]{k]l8s c:ktfn

sf7df8f}+ . g]kfnsf] ;u/dfyfaf/]df
sf]nlDaofdf ax; ePsf] 5. b'Ok{ 6s
;u/dfyfsf] ;kmn cf/f]x0f u/]sf
sf]nlDaofnL gful/s h'cfg kfAnf] ?Ohn]
n] v] sf] Pe/] i6 gfdsf] k':tssf]
;fj{hlgsLs/0f sfo{qmddf g]kfnsf]
k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf / ;u/dfyfsf af/]df
ax; ePsf] xf]. ;g\ @))! / @))&
df ;u/dfyfsf] ;kmn cf/f]x0f u/]sf
?Ohn] g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf /
;u/dfyf cf/f]x0fsf qmddf cg'el' t
u/]sf /f]rs kIfxsf] k':tsdf j0f{0f
u/]sf 5g\. ?Oh ;g\ @)!) df klg
;u/dfyf r9\g] k|of; u/] klg aLr
af6f]af6} kms{g' k/]sf] lyof]. k':tsdf
;u/dfyfsf ;fy} ljZjsf cGo d'Vo
d'Vo ;ld6sf af/]df ;d]t rrf{ ul/Psf]
5. ?Ohn] n]v]sf] pQm k':ts
sf]nlDaofsf] Pkf]ko] f ;+:yfn] sfof{qmdsf]
cfof]hgf u/L /fhwfgL af]uf]6f l8;Ldf
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] xf]. Pkf]ko] f sf]nlDaof
;+:yfsf ;+:yfks ;b:o ;d]t /x]sf
n]vs h'cfg kfAnf]sf] g]tT[ jdf ;g\ @)!)
df sf]nlDaog gful/sxsf] Ps 6f]nL
;u/dfyf cf/f]x0fdf n]vs h'cfg kfAnf]
lzv/df k'Ug ;s]gg\. a? pgsf] 6f]nLdf
/x]sf zfl/s kdf ckf+u /x]sf g]N;g
sf8f]g{ f eg] ;u/dfyf r9\g ;kmn eP.
k':tsdf h'cfgn] oL ;a} s'/fx pNn]v
u/]sf 5g\. @$& k[i7sf] pQm k':ts
:k]lgz efiffdf n]lvPsf] 5. k':ts
;fj{hlgsLs/0f sfo{qmddf sf]nlDaofsf
k'j{ jftfj/0f dGqL dfg'Pn /f]bu| h
] a];/] f{
k|dv
' clytL agfOPsf lyP. pgn]
sfo{qmddf k':tssf af/] l6Kk0fL;d]t
u/]sf lyP. To;}u/L :jL6h/NofG8sf

gful/s df]l/{; sfo{qmdsf ljlzi6 clylt

lyP.
sfo{qmddf n]vs h'cfgn] cfkm\gf]
;u/dfyf cf/f]x0fsf cg'ej ;'gfPsf
lyP. pgn] g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts dgf]/d
b[Zon] cfkm'nfO{ lgs} df]lxt agfPsf] eGb}
g]kfnLxsf] :jfut, ;Tsf/ slxn] klg
e'Ng g;lsg] atfP. ;fy} pgn]
;u/dfyf cf/f]x0fdf ;xof]u ug]{ lxdfnL
e]ssf z]kf{xnfO{ ;lDemP. cfkm'nfO{
;xof]u ug]{ bf]hL{ RofGhL z]kf{sf] lxd
klx/f]df k/L b]xfj;fg ePsf] va/n]
lgs} b'MvLt ePsf] pgn] ;'gfP.
;u/dfyfdf xfn} uPsf] lxdklx/f]sf]
va/n] cfkm' nufot cfkm\gf] ;Dk'0f{
Pkf]ko] f l6d :tAw /x]sf] pgn] atfP.
;f] qmddf pgn] g]kfn / sf]nlDaofsf
aLr w]/} s'/f ;dfg kfPsf] atfP. ;fy}
pgn] g]kfnL bfn / eftsf] klg k|z;+ f
u/] . cfufdL lbgdf g] k fn /
sf]nlDaofaLrsf] ldqtfnfO{ cem a9L
k|uf9 agfpg cfkm' nflu kg]{ pgsf]
egfO{ lyof]. ;f] qmddf h'cfgn]
sf]nlDaofdf /x]sf Psdfq g]kfnL
Joj;foL 5qaxfb'/ d}gfnLsf] ;d]t k|z;+ f
u/]sf lyP. sf]nlDaofdf ;d]t g]kfnL
Joj;foL kfPsf] / cfkm\gf] k':ts
;fj{hlgs ug]{ sfo{qmddf ;d]t pkl:yt
eOlbPsf] eGb} pgn] wGojfb ;d]t 1fkg
u/]. h'cfgn] ca s]xL ;dodf g}
sf]nlDaof / Nofl6g cd]l/sfsf cGo
b]zaf6 Pp6f l6d agfP/ sGrgh+3f
lxdfn cf/f]x0f ug]{ tof/L eO/x]sf] ;d]t
hfgsf/L lbP. kl5Nnf] ;do g]kfn
e|d0fdf hfg] sf]nlDaofnLxsf] ;+Vof
a9]sf] h'cfgsf] egfO{ lyof].

sf7df8f}F. ;g\ !((* df g]kfn

ckf ;+ 3 / /f] 6 /L Sna ckm
kf6gsf] ;xsfo{df a]lNhod /f]6/L
Snasf n's ;fn]G;sf] ;xof]udf @)
Zofaf6 sf7df8f}Fsf] hf]/kf6Ldf
;f9] !) /f]kgLdf :yfkgf ePsf]
g]kfn cyf]{k]l8s c:ktfn gd'gf
c:ktfn ag]sf] 5. o; c:ktfn
;]jf;'ljwf / Joj:yfkgsf b[li6n]
d'ns
' sf lghL / ;/sf/L c:ktfnsf]
t' ngfdf s' g} s'/fdf sd 5}g .
:yfkgfsf] !) jif{df cfTdlge{/ x'g]
nIosf ;fy ;'? ul/Psf] eP klg
plrt Joj:yfkg / lrlsT;s Pj+
sd{rf/Lsf] OdfGbf/k"0f{ ;]jfefjn]
c:ktfn cf7 jif{d} cfTdlge{/ aGg
k'u]sf] c:ktfnsf k|zf;g k|d'v
Zofd kfv]tL atfpF5g\. ;'?df
/fli6 o tyf cGt/f{ l i6 o /f] 6/L
Snaxsf] k"0f{ ;xof]udf :yfkgf
ul/Psf] cyf]{k]l8s c:ktfnn] xfn
cfg} cfDbfgLn] Ps ;o Zof
lj:tf/ u/L b}lgs !%) b]lv @))
xf8hf]gL{g;fsf la/fdLnfO{ alx/
;]jf / !) hgfsf] zNolqmof ub}{
cfPsf] 5. c:ktfndf ckf ;+3sf
b'O{, /f]6/L Sna ckm kf6gsf b'O{ /
;xof]u ;+:yfsf tkm{af6 b'O{hgfsf]
Joj:yfkg ;ldlt /x]sf] 5 eg] !$%
k"0f{sfnLg lrlsT;s / sd{rf/L
sfo{/t 5g\. g]kfnsf] Ps dfq
xf8hf]gL{g;fsf] c:ktfnsf kdf
kl/lrt cyf{ ] k] l 8s c:ktfndf

ljz] ifu/L dWod / lgDgju{ s f

;j{;fwf/0f d'n'se/af6 pkrf/sf
nflu cfpg] u/]sf] k|d'v kfv]tL
atfpF5g\. alx/ / zNolqmofdf
cGo lghL c:ktfnsf] t'ngfdf ;:tf]
/x]sf] cyf{]k]l8s c:ktfnn] cfgf]
jflif{s ah]6sf] !) b]lv !% k|ltzt
/sd c;xfo / lgDgcfosf
la/fdLsf] ;xof]udf vr{ub}{ cfPsf]
c:ktfnsf] egfO 5. ;fdflhs
pQ/bfloTjcGtu{t c:ktfnn] k|To]s
jif{df b'O{k6s d'n'sdf b'u{d e]udf
k"0f{ lgMz'Ns kdf xf8hf]gL{g;fsf]
zNolqmof lzlj/;d]t ;~rfng ub}{
cfPsf] 5. o; jif{dfq c:ktfnn]
lzlj/ ;~rfng u/L h'Dnfdf $$ /
ef] h k' / df ^^ hgfsf] lgMz' N s
zNolqmof u/]sf] c:ktfnsf] tYof
/x]sf] 5. slxn]sfxLF bftfaf6 ;xof]u
kfP klg cGo cj:yfdf cfg} ;|f]t
/ cfDbfgLaf6 ;~rflnt c:ktfnn]
;~rfngsf qmddf obfsbf cfly{s
;6;d]t Joxf]b}{ cfPsf] 5. cfly{s
;6 cfOkbf{ sltko cj:yfdf
lrlsT;s / sd{rf/Lxn] s] x L
lbgsf] tna;d] t glnP/
c:ktfnnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] k|d'v
kfv]tL atfpF5g\. :ykgfsfnb]lv
c:ktfnn] xfn;Dd xf8hf]gL{g;fsf
@# xhf/ %)) eGbf a9L zNolqmof
ul/;s]sf] 5 eg] @% xhf/eGbf a9L
la/fdLnfO{ alx/ ;] j f k| b fg
ul/;s]sf] 5. nIdL e08f/L

slyt ;+ljwfg;ef if8oGq ug]{

ynf] alg/x]sf] 5
clxn] slyt ;+ljwfg;efleq /x]sf bn / g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf aLrdf /fli6o kdf ax; x'g h?/L 5 . gofF
/fhgLlts ;xdlt x'g h?/L 5. Tof] gofF /fhgLlts ;xdltn] ;+ljwfgsf] klg ;'lglZrttf u/f];\ / b]znfO{
cu|udgtkm{ 8f]ofP/ zflGt sfod u/f];\ eGg] g} xf].
g]kfnL /fhgLltdf casf] lbgdf kf6L{sf] g]t[TjbfoL / lg0ff{os e"ldsf x'g'k5{. Tof]
e"ldsfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ kf6L{n] ;du| b[li6n] ;f]Rg'k5{ eGg] xfdL of] a}7saf6 lgisif{df
k'u]sf 5f}F.

of] slyt ;+ljwfg;ef h'g hg;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf lj?4 if8\oGq ug],{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] cleofgnfO{ efF8g\ ] /
czflGt dRrfpg] / b]znfO{ s'g} g s'g} 9n] Gdf ws]Ng] if8\oGq ug]{ ynf]sf] kdf lqmofzLn eO/x]sf] 5.

;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL
) xf n} t kfO{+sf ] kf 6L{s f]
kf]l n6Ao' / f] s f] a}7 s ;DkGg
ePsf] 5, a}7sn] s]s] lg0f{o
uof] <
clxn]sf] xfd|f] kf]ln6Ao'/f]sf] a}7s
g]kfnL /fhgLlt / kf6L{ hLjgsf] Pp6f
dxTjk"0f{ ;dodf ePsf] 5. of]
;dodf xfd| f ] kf6L{ s f] /fli6 o
/fhgLltdf s] e"ldsf x'g] / kf6L{sf]
hLjg s:tf] x'G5 / kf6L{ s;/L
cufl8 a9\ 5 eGg] ljifonfO{
s] G b| e fudf /fv] / kf] ln6Ao' /f] s f]

a}7sdf xfdLn] uDeL/tfsf ;fy

5nkmn uof}F. xfdL kf6L{sf] /fli6o
;Dd]ng ub}5{ f}F . Tof] /fli6o ;Dd]ngdf
kf6L{nfO{ j}rfl/s b[li6n], /fhgLlts
b[li6n] / kf6L{nfO{ lgdf{0fsf] b[li6n]
cyjf ljrf/, sfo{lbzf / sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf] b[li6n] u'0ffTds kdf
dxTjk"0f{ 5nkmn u/]sf 5f}F. kf6L{sf]
cfGtl/s hLjg h'g 5, To;nfO{
u' 0ffTdskn] kfGt/0f ug'{ kg]{
u' 0 ffTdskn] abNg' k g] { Pp6f
cfjZostf xfdLn] dx;'; u/]sf 5f}F .

v8\uaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ k|s f08, kf]l n6Jo"/f] ;b:og]skfdfcf]jfbL

csf]{ s'/f, g]kfnL /fhgLltdf casf]
lbgdf kf6L{sf] g]t[TjbfoL / lg0ff{os
e"ldsf x'g'k5{. Tof] e"ldsfnfO{
;'lglZrt ug{ kf6L{n] ;du| b[li6n]
;f]Rg'k5{ eGg] xfdLn] of] a}7saf6
lgisif{df k'u]sf 5f}F.
xfdLn] /fli6o ;Dd]ngsf] tof/Lsf]
qmddf kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf] Pp6f gofF
cleofgsf] kdf ;'b[ 9Ls/0fsf]
of]hgf cufl8 a9fPsf lyof}F. Tof]
cfwf/df xfd|f] of] a}7s;Dd cfOk'Ubf
nueunueu lhNnf ;Dd]ngx

xfd|f] 5 a'bF n] fO{ clnslt s'g} kf6L{ ljz]if;Fu lnP/ hf]8g\ ] / cfgf]
kf6L{;uF hf]8/] a9L JofVof ug]{ s]xL xs{tx b]lvPsf] 5. of] 9n]
JofVof ug'{ eg]sf] o;nfO{ ;+sr' g ug]{ / cfgf] :jfy{ k"/f ug]{ v]n dfq
xf].

xfdLn] ;+u7gnfO{ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltb]lv ;]n sld6L;Dd ;'b9[ Ls/0f ug{

vf]hs
] f lyof}, of] ;DkGg ePsf] 5.

;+ljwfg;efsf] alxisf/ sfo{qmd c;kmn eof] eGg] ;To

xf]Og.

dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ Pp6f ljrf/ xf], k|jl[ Q xf], Pp6f ef}lts zlQm xf] /
o;n] /fi6 / hgtfsf]af/]df cfgf dxTjk"0f{ b[li6sf]0fx /
cfgf ;xL gLltx cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 eGg] g]kfnL /fhgLltdf
:yflkt ePsf] 5.

jlxisf/ cfGbf]ngnfO{ cfjZos k|efjsf/L lsg ug{ ;lsPgeGbf

d"ne"tkdf of] kf6L{nfO{ sfo{lbzf / sfo{qmdsf] b[li6n] / To;sf] g]tT[ j
ug]{ Ifdtfjfg\ kf6L{sf] b[li6n] yk d]xgt ug'k{ g{,] yk ljsf; ug'k{ g]{ cg'el" t
xfdLnfO{ ePsf] 5. To;}nfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{sf] lglDt xfdL /fli6o ;Dd]ng
ub{5f}F .

;a} kf6L{ Psh'6 ePsf], xfdL PlSnPsf] xf]Og. g]kfndf v'nf / 5b\d h'g;'s}
kdf eP klg k|ltlqmofjfbL, bnfnx, cj;/jfbLx Ps 7fpFdf ePsf x'g\ eg]
/fi6jfb, qmflGtsf/L, kl/jt{gsf/L, ;Rrf u0ftGqjfbL zlQm Psflt/ ePsf] xf]. of]
kl/jt{gsfdL zlQmsf] g]tT[ j g]skfdfcf]jfbLn] ul//fv]sf] 5, of] Pp6f w|j' xf].
csf]l{ t/ bnfnxsf] k|ltlqmofjfbL / cj;/jfbLsf] csf]{ w|j' 5, h;sf] g]tT[ j
g]kfnL sfFu;] | n] ul//x]sf] 5.

;DkGg eO;s]sf 5g\. tL lhNnf

;Dd]ngx k|efjsf/Lkdf ;DkGg
eP. kf6L{ ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] b[li6n] of]
Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ ljifo lyof]. of]
pknlAw xfdLn] xfl;n uof}F . sltko
7fpF d f s] x L ;d:of b] l vP, tL
;d:ofnfO{ ljZn] if0f ubf{ h;/L
dfcf] j fbL kf6L{ @)^# ;fnotf
k|r08sf] g]t[Tjdf lyof] / o;n]
lj36g, la;h{g, ljs[ltsf] ;fdgf
ug' { k/] s f] lyof] , kl5Nnf] lbgdf
kf6L{nfO{ gofF 9n] ;+ul7t ug'{kg]{
eof] , To;sf] g]s kfdfcf] jfbLn]
P] ltxfl;s lhDd]j f/L lnof] . oL
;d:ofnfO{ ljutsf] ToxL ;d:of /
ljs[ltsf] cjz]ifsf] kdf xfdLn]
a' e m] s f 5f} F . o; ljifodf klg
kf]ln6Ao'/f]df 5nkmn ePsf] 5.
o;nfO{ cfufdL lbgdf b[9 9n]
;Rofpgsf] lgldt kf]ln6Ao'/f]n] :yfoL
;ldltnfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbPsf] 5.
36gfsf] ulDe/tfsf] ;fy cWoog
ul/g]5, tYok/s cWoog ul/g]5 /
To;sf] ;dfwfg Gofo;t 9n]
ul/g] 5 . To;sf] lhDdf :yfoL
;ldltnfO{ lbOPsf] 5. ;du|df
eGg'kbf{ kf6L{sf] kf]ln6Ao'/f] a}7s
P]ltxfl;s ePsf] 5.
) a} 7 saf6 kf6L{ PsLs/0fsf]
lglDt 5 a' Fb ] k| : tfj tof/
ePsf] ;fj{ h lgs ePsf] 5,
oyfy{t f s] xf] <
g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf] x}l;otaf6
;f]Rbf / kf6L{n] cfgf] lhDd]jf/L
lgjf{x ug]{ sf]0faf6 ;f]Rbf dfcf]jfbL
kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjdf g]kfnsf] sDo'lg:6
cfGbf]ngnfO{ qmflGtsf/L w|'jLs/0f /
qmflGtsf/L PsLs/0fsf] j:t'ut
cfjZostf eof] eGg] lgisif{df xfdL
k'us
] f 5f}F . o;}sf] Jojxfl/s kxnsf]
lglDt clxn] xfd|f ] kf]ln6Ao' /f]sf]
a} 7 saf6 g] k fndf sDo' l g:6
cfGbf]ngleq ljeflht eP/ a;]sf
sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/Lx;Fu dfcf]jfbL
kf6L{ s f] kxndf PsLs/0f cl3
a9fpgsf] lglDt xfdLn] 5 a' Fb]
PsLs/0fsf cfwf/x cyjf
qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] Pstfsf
cfwf/x eg]/ k|:t't u/]sf 5f}F.
xfdLn] of] cfwf/x k|:t't ubf{
g] kfnsf sDo' lg:6 cfGbf] n gsf
ljleGg ;]S6/df /x]sf sDo'lg:6
qmflGtsf/LxnfO{ o;n] k|HHjlnt
u/] s f] 5, p] l nt u/] s f] 5 /
pT;flxt u/]sf] 5. o;af6 b]zL,
ljb] z L k| l tlqmofjfbLx /
cj;/jfbLx eo+ s / cft+ lst
ePsf 5g\ / Tof] 9sf cleJolQm /
if8\oGq klg ;'? ul/;s]sf 5g\.
xfd|f] 5 a'Fb]nfO{ clnslt s'g}
kf6L{ ljz]if;Fu lnP/ hf]8\g] / cfgf]
kf6L{;Fu hf]8]/ a9L JofVof ug]{ s]xL
xs{tx b]lvPsf] 5. of] 9n] JofVof
ug'{ eg]sf] o;nfO{ ;+s'rg ug]{ /
cfgf] :jfy{ k"/f ug]{ v]n dfq xf].
) of] 5 a 'Fb] k|: tfj

Pdfcf]jfbLnfO{ g} s]lGb|t u/]/

NofOPsf] eGg] k|rf/df
cfPsf] 5, jf:tljstf s]
xf] <
d}n] cl3 g} elg;s]F, of] xfdLn]
s'g} kf6L{ ljz]ifnfO{ kmf]s; u/]/
NofPsf] xf]Og. g]kfnsf] sDo'lg:6
qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ dWogh/
u/]/ xfdLn] 5 a'Fb] k|:tfj NofPsf
xf}F. To;}n] Pdfcf]jfbL klg of];Fu
;DalGwt x'G5. d;fn klg ;DalGwt
x'G5. Pstf s]Gb|, dl0fhLsf] kf6L{,
dft[ s fhLsf] kf6L{ n ufot ;a}
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5,
jf:tlstf oxL xf].
) /fli6o ;Dd]ngsf] tof/L ub}{
x'g 'x'G 5, l:ylt s:tf] 5<
clxn];Ddsf] tof/Ldf xfdLn]
/fli6 o ;Dd] n gdf j} r fl/s,
/fhgLlts b[ li6n] clnslt ut
s]lGb|o ;ldltsf] a}7s, To;kl5
kf]ln6Ao'/f]df xfdLn] h'g 5nkmn
u/]sf lyof}F . To;nfO{ tn;Dd n}hfFbf
Pp6f j}rfl/s k ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf
5f} F . xfdLn] ;+ u7gnfO{ s] Gb| L o
;ldltb] l v ;] n sld6L;Dd
;'b[9Ls/0f ug{ vf]h]sf lyof}, of]
;DkGg ePsf] 5. ca /fli6 o
;Dd]ngdf tLgj6f xfd|f] cleef/f
x'G5g\. Pp6f, of] kf6L{sf] ljrf/nfO{
ljsf; ug]{, bf];|f] sfo{lbzfnfO{
ljsf; ug],{ t];f| ] kf6L{nfO{ qmflGtsf/L
kf6L{ agfpg] o;}sf] cfwf/df xfdL
/fli6o ;Dd]ng ub{5f}F.
) ;+ljwfg ;efs f] lgjf{rg
alxisf/df c;kmn ePkl5
sfo{s tf{nfO{ e'nfpg /fli6o
; Dd ] n glt / nf Ug ' e Psf ]
elgG5 lg s] xf]<
;+ljwfg;efsf] alxisf/ sfo{qmd
c;kmn eof] eGg] ;To xf]Og. Tof]
d"ne"tkdf xfd|f] cfgf] b[li6sf]0f,
gLlt / sfo{qmdsf] b[li6n] ;xL lyof].
clxn] g]kfnL /fhgLltn] Tof] b]vfO{
klg ;s]sf] 5. hxfF;Dd To;nfO{
sfof{Gjog ug]{ / k|of]u ug]{ ;DaGwdf
g]kfnL /fhgLlt hlt k|efjsfl/tf
h?/t lyof], Tolt gePsf] eGg] t
xfdLn] kf6L{leq klg cfjfh p7fPsf
5f}F, hgtfn] klg dx;'; u/]sf] 5
eGg] g} xf]. t}klg dfcf]jfbL kf6L{
Pp6f ljrf/ xf], k|j[lQ xf], Pp6f
ef}lts zlQm xf] / o;n] /fi6 /
hgtfsf] af/] d f cfgf dxTjk" 0 f{
b[li6sf]0fx / cfgf ;xL gLltx
cufl8 ;f/] s f] 5 eGg] g] k fnL
/fhgLltdf :yflkt ePsf] 5. clxn]
/fli6otf / hgjfbsf lj?4df b]zL,
ljb]zL if8\oGqx d8fl//x]sf] l:ylt
5, Tof] a]nfdf cfd/fi6jfbL zlQmx,
sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/Lx, k|ultzLn
zlQmx Psh'6 x'g' cfjZos 5 .
clxn] ltgLxn] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{nfO{
ljsNksf] kdf x]g'{sf] k5fl8sf]
sf/0f klg oxL xf] . jlxisf/
cfGbf]ngn] xfdLnfO{ klg Pp6f r]tgf

/ Pp6f cg'ej lbPsf] 5. jlxisf/

cfGbf]ngnfO{ cfjZos k|efjsf/L
lsg ug{ ;lsPgeGbf d"ne"tkdf
of] kf6L{nfO{ sfo{lbzf / sfo{qmdsf]
b[li6n] / To;sf] g]t[Tj ug]{ Ifdtfjfg\
kf6L{sf] b[li6n] yk d]xgt ug'{kg{],
yk ljsf; ug'{kg]{ cg'e"lt xfdLnfO{
ePsf] 5. To;}nfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{sf]
lglDt xfdL /fli6o ;Dd]ng ub{5f}F.
) ; + l j w f g ; e f l g jf { r g k l 5
tkfO{+x? /fli6o /fhgLltaf6
PlSnPsf] h:tf] b]lvG5, s]
eGg' x ' G 5<
;a} kf6L{ Psh'6 ePsf], xfdL
PlSnPsf] xf]Og. g]kfndf v'nf /
5b\ d h' g ;' s } kdf eP klg
k| l tlqmofjfbL,
bnfnx
cj;/jfbLx Ps 7fpFdf ePsf x'g\
eg] /fi6 j fbL, qmflGtsf/L,
kl/jt{gsf/L, ;Rrf u0ftGqjfbL
zlQm Psflt/ ePsf] xf] . of]
kl/jt{gsfdL zlQmsf] g]tT[ j g]skf
dfcf]jfbLn] ul//fv]sf] 5, of] Pp6f
w| ' j xf] . csf] { l t/ bnfnxsf]
k|ltlqmofjfbL / cj;/jfbLsf] csf]{
w|'j 5, h;sf] g]tT[ j g]kfnL sfFu];
| n]
ul//x] s f] 5. g] k fnL sfF u| ] ; sf]
5ftfleq clxn]sf ;+ljwfg;efleq
ePsf ;+;b\jfbL kf6L{x /x]sf 5g\,
;To s' / f oxL xf] . of] slyt
;+ l jwfg;efaf6 ;+ l jwfg aGg]
;Defjgf klg 5}g, b]zdf zflGt
sfod ug{ ;Sg]jfnf klg 5}g.
To;sf/0f, of] slyt ;+ljwfg;ef h'g
hg;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf lj?4 if8\oGq
ug]{, ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] cleofgnfO{
efF8\g], czflGt dRrfpg] / b]znfO{
s'g } g s'g} 9n] Gdf ws]Ng]
if8 \ o Gq ug] { yn f] s f] kd f
lqmofzLn eO/x] sf] 5. o;af6
lgsf; ;Dej 5}g. To;}n] ljutsf
hg o' 4 / hg cfGb f] n g sf
/fhgLlts p2]Zo To;sf pknlAw
/ To;sf] efjgfnfO{ ;+ljwfgdf
;Daf]wg ug]{ xf] eg] clxn]sf] slyt
;+ljwfg;efleq /x]sf bn / g]skf
dfcf]jfbLsf aLrdf /fli6o kdf
ax; x'g h?/L 5 . gofF /fhgLlts
;xdlt x'g h?/L 5. Tof] gofF
/fhgLlts ;xdltn] ;+ljwfgsf] klg
;' l glZrttf u/f] ; \ / b] z nfO{
cu|udgtkm{ 8f]ofP/ zflGt sfod
u/f];\ eGg] g} xf]. of] x'g ;s]g eg]
;d:of Ho's
F f To'F /xG5. clxn] xfdLn]
hf] 8 ul//fv] s f eg] s f] /fli6 o
;xdltsf] lglDt /fli6o /fhgLlts
;Dd]ng g} xf]. of] g} clxn]sf] ;Gbe{df
;+;b\jfbL bn / dfcf]jfbL kf6L{nfO{
/fi6sf] ljifodf Ps 7fpFdf NofP/
gofF 9n] ;f]Rg] plrt gLlt, ;xL
sfo{qmd / ;xL laGb' xf]. o;df xfdL
clGtd k6s sf]l;; u5f},+{ pxfFx
tof/ x'g' ePg eg] pxfFxsf sf/0f
;+ljwfg aGb}g, pxfFxsf sf/0f
czflGt dlRrG5 / To;nfO{ lgoGq0f
ug{sf] lglDt xfdL cfGbf]ngdf hfG5f}F .

sDKo'6/df rnfpbf hfGg}kg{] * lsaf]8{ ;6{s6

sf7df8f}F. sDKo'6/df sfd ubf{
x/] s k6s dfp; rnfpF bf x} /fg
x'g'ePsf] 5< To;f] eP tkfO{+sf
nflu s]xL ;xh pkfox 5g\ h;n]
tkfO+{sf] sDKo'6/df sfd u/fO{nfO{
;lhnf] agfOlbg] 5. sDKo' 6/
lsaf] 8 { d f o:tf y' k | } ;6{ s 6
kmd'{nfx x'G5g, h;n] ubf{ tkfO{+n]
x/] s k6s dfp; rnfpg' kb} { g ,
lsaf]8{af6} l56f] / ;lhnf];Fu ug{
;Sg'x'G5. dfOqmf];6 ljG8f]hsf]
j8{ kfj/kf]OG6, PS;]n nufotsf
k|fu] f| ddf o:tf w]/} 5f]6s/L gDa/x
;]6 ul/Psf] x'G5. tflndk|fKt /
cg' ejL k|o f] ustf{ sf nflu oxfF
pNn]lvt l6K; ;fdfGoh:tf nfUg
;S5g\ . t/, gofF k| o f] ustf{ /
tflnd glnO sDKo'6/ rnfpg ;'?
ug{'ePsf k|of]ustf{sf nflu eg] oL
l6K; b}lgs hLjgsf nflu lgs}
pkof]uL x'g;S5g\.
!= cf]kg / Snf]h 6\ofj
tkfO{ + OG6/g] 6 ;lkm{
ul//xg'ePsf] 5. df]lhnf, u'un
qmf] d nufotdf tkfO+ { n ] Pp6}
ljG8f]leq w]/} 6\ofjdf gofF gofF ;fO6
vf]Ng ;Sg'x'G5. t/, tkfO{+n] s'g}
Pp6f 6\of{j jf k'/} lj08f] aGb ug'k{ of]
eg] dfp; rnfO/xg'kb}g. Ctrl
W n] Pp6f 6\ofj aGb x'g]5 eg]
Ctrl Shift W n] k'/} lj08f]
aGb x' g ] 5 . sltko cj:yfdf
tkfO{+n] grfxFbf grfxFb} klg s'g}
6\ofj aGb eof] eg] klg To;nfO{

;6{s6af6} k'gM vf]Ng ;lsG5. o;sf

nflu tkfO{+n] Ctrl Shift T
k|of]u ug'{k5{. olb gofF 6\ofj vf]Ng'
kof] eg] Ctrl T ubf{ k'U5.
@= km06 ;fOh 36fpga9fpg
tkfO{+ j8{kmfOndf s]xL 6fOk
ul//xg'ePsf] 5, / km06 ;fOh lgs}
w]/}k6s 36fpg' jf a9fpg'kg{] 5
eg] x/]s k6s dfp;sf] ;xf/f lng'
kb}g. tkfO{+n] kl/jt{g ug{rfx]sf]
cIf/ ;] n ] S 6 ug' { x f] ; \ . ;fOh
a9fpgsf nflu Ctrl ] sf] k|of]u
ug{xf];\, 36fpgsf nflu Ctrl [
#= lj08f] kl/jt{ g
sDKo'6/df lta| ultdf laleGg
lj08f] vf]n]/ sfd ug{k' bf{ bfofF x/bd
dfp;df s'bfpg' kl//x]sf] x'G5.
lj08f] kl/jt{ g sf nflu tkfO+ {
lsaf]8{af6} sfd rnfpg ;Sg'x'G5,
h'g l56f] klg x'G5. o;sf nflu
ljG8f]hsf h'g;'s} e;{df klg Alt
Tab sf] k|of]u ug{;Sg'x'G5.
lj08f]h & / * e;{df eg] tkfO{+n]
Windows key Tab k|of]u
ug{;Sg'x'G5.
$= Ps} l:qmgdf b'O{j6f lj08f]
tkfO{ + s] x L cg' ; Gwfg
ul//xg'ePsf] 5 / ToxLa]nf tkfO+n
{ fO{
OG6/g]6 ;km{ ug'{kg]{ ca:yf cfof].
3l/ OG6/g]6 vf]Ng] / 3l/ j8{df
cfpg] ubf{ sfd lbSsnfUbf] x'G5.
of] lbSbf/L 36fpg tkfO+{n] Pp6}
l:qmgleq b'O{j6f lj08f] agfpg
;Sg'xG' 5 h;n] ubf{ x/]sk6s lj08f]

kl/jt{ g ug' {kb} g \ . o;sf nflu

tkfO+ { n ] j8{ k mfOn vf] N g' x f] ; \ /
Windows right arrow key
lyRg' xf] ; \ . o;n] ubf{ tkfO+ { s f]
j8{kmfOn bfofF ;5{. ca tkfO+{n]
afofFkLsf] csf]{ lj08f]df ;lhn} ;km{
ug{;Sg'x'G5. Windows left
arrow key lyr]/ tkfO+n{ ] lj08f]nfO{
afofF ;fg{;Sg'xG' 5.
%= kmfOn l8ln6 ug{ / l:qmg
;6 SofKr/ ug{
tkfO{n
+ ] s'g} kmfOn cfOsg ;]nS] 6
ug'{eof] / l8ln6 xfGg'eof]. o;n]
tkfO{s
+{ f] kmfOn kmf]N8/af6 dfq x65
t/ l/;fOsn lag kmf]N8/df eg]
/lx/xG5. olb tkfO+{n] To;sf] ;f
Shift Del ug'{eof] eg] tkfO+{sf]
kmfOn sDKo'6/af6 ;w}+ sf nflu
x6\5. tkfO{s
+ f] l:qmgsf] t:jL/ lng
rfxg'x'G5 eg] 8]:s6k lsaf]8{df
/x]sf] Print Screen a6g lyRg
;Sg'xG' 5. Nofk6kdf eg] Function
-Fn_ key ls ;Fu} Print Screen
lyRg'kg{] x'G5.
^= zAb uGg] / cIf/ abNg]
s' g } sfd ubf{ hlxn] klg
tkfO{+ nfO{ lglZrt j8{leq ;Sg
elgPsf] x'G5. o;sf nflu x/]sk6s
6'n d]g'df uP/ j8{sfpG6df hfg'
kb} {g olb tkfO+{ n] ;6{s6 k|o f]u
ug'{eof] eg]. o;sf nflu tkfO+{n]
Alt T W lyr] k'U5. o;}u/L
tkfO+{n] c+u]h
| Ldf 6fOk ul//xg'ePsf]
5 eg] lgs}k6s Soflk6n n]6/ /

:dn n]6/ r]Gh ug{'kg]{ x'G5. o;sf

nflu tkfO{n
+ ] x/]sk6s tL cIf/ 7"nf]
jf ;fgf]df 6fOk ul//xg' kb}{g. h'g
cIf/ kl/jt{g ug'{kg{] xf], To;nfO{
;]n]S6 ug{; / Alt F4 lyRg';\ .
&= 8] :s6kdf hfg] / sDKo' 6/
ns ug]{
olb tkfO{+ sDKo'6/df w]/} lj08f]h
vf]Ng'ePsf] 5 / o:tf] ca:yfdf l;Fw}
8]:s6kdf hfg rfxfg'x'G5 eg] ;a}
lj08f]hnfO{ aGb ul//fVg' kb}{g\.
lsjf]8{df /x]sf] lj08f] lssf ;fydf
D-Windows key D_
lyRg'eof] eg] l;wF} 8]:s6kdf hfg
;lsG5. sfd ;Sg'; / km]l/ ToxL
k|s [of ckgfpg';\ , tkfO+{ klxn]s}
lj08f]hdf kmls{g ;Sg'x'G 5. olb
tkfO+{ sDKo'6/ ns ug{rfxfg'x 'G5
eg] Windows L xfGg'xf];\.
*= 6]S :6 ;] n ] S 6 j8{
kmfOndf sfd ubf{ 6]S:6 ;]n]S6
ul//xg'k5{. o:tf] a]nfdf tkfO{+n]
s]x L ;6{s6 ls k|of] u ug{'eof] eg]
6] S:6 ;] n] S6 ;lhnf] alglbG5.
h:tf] ls, tkfO+ { n ] Shift
Home ug'{eof] eg] tkfO{sf] qm;/
hxfF 5 ToxfFaf6 ;'? ;Ddsf] ;a}
cIf/ ;] n]S6 x'G5. o;}u/L Ctrl
Shift Up lyRg'e of] eg]
qm;/b]lv Kof/fu|fkm ;'?;Dd 6]S:6
;]n ]S6 x'G5 eg] Shift End
lyRbf qm;/b] lv Kof/fu| f kmsf]
cGTo;Dd ;]n]S6 u5{.

ljZjs} dxuf] 3/ km];a'saf6} % xhf/ o'jtLnfO{ k|]d k|:tfj

sf7df8f}F . l/nfoG; OG8li6hsf cWoIf d'sz
] cDafgL ;+;f/sf wgL JolStdf
cu|kS+ tLdf 5g\. ca pgsf] d'DaOl:yt uugr'DaL PG6Llnof ejg klg

;+;f/s} ;a}eGbf dxFuf] cfjf; 3/ dflgPsf] 5. kmf]A; klqsfsf] tfhf c+sdf of]
pNn]v 5. kmf]A; klqsfsf] of] ;"rLdf ef/tLo d"nsf csf{ pBf]uklt nIdL
ldQnsf] nG8gl:yt 3/ klg ;dfj]z 5. ;a}eGbf wgL ef/tLo pBdL d'sz
] sf]
$ nfv au{ km'6df km}lnPsf] @& tn] uugr'DaL ejgsf] gfd P6nfG6Ls
cf]zLogsf] kf}/fl0fs Lksf] gfdaf6 PG6LnLof /fvLPsf] xf]. ;+;f/sf dxFuf
ejgsf] ;"rLdf kmf]A;n] o;nfO{ ;a}eGbf dfly /fv]sf] 5. kmf]A;sf cg';f/ Ps
c/ab]lv b'O{ c/a 8n/sf] jLrdf lgdf{0f ePsf] of] g} ;+;f/sf] dxFuf] cfjf;
ejg xf]. 3/sf] 5}7F f] tnfdf e"ldut kfls{, tLg x]lnsfK6/ cjt/0f ug{ldNg]
7fpF 5. o;sf] x]/rfxsf nflu 5 ;o sd{rf/Lsf] h?/L k5{. ljZjsf @! j6f
dxFuf cfjf; u[xsf] ;"rLdf ldQnsf] n08gl:yt sg]l;+u6g Kofn]; uf8{G;df
/x]sf] ejg ;+;f/sf] % cf}F / !* cf}F :yfgdf 5g\. Ph]G;L
kIfLxsf] aw ug{] tyf df;'sf] pkef]u ug{] k|j[lQdf kl/jtg{ u/f+}.
a8{km\n' h:tf k+IfLhGo /f]uxsf] lgoGq0fdf ;xefuL agf}+,
cfk"m klg arf}+ ;dfhnfO{{ klg arfcf}+.
kG5Lxsf] aw 3/ aflx/ kfgLsf] ;|f]teGbf 6f9f ug{] u/f}F.
s'v'/f sf6]kl5 e'O{ /fd|f];Fu kvfNg]k'5\g] -lg;+qmd0f_ u/f}+.
aw ul/;lsPsf] s'v/' f tyf sfrf] df;'sf] nkk;af6 afnaflnsfxnfO{{
6f9} /fvf}+.
df;' sf6]kl5 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/, ;'nL, Kjfv cflbnfO{{ hyfefjL gkmfnL
vfN8f]df uf8\g] jf hnfpg] u/f}+.
s'v'/f;Fusf] n;k; tyf df;' sf6\g] sfd ;lsPkl5 ;fa'g kfgLn]
/fd|f];Fu xft w'g] u/f}+.
leqL efu;Dd /fd|f];uF kfs]sf] s'v'/fsf] df;'dfq vfg] u/f}+.
la/fdL jf d/]sf] s'v/' fsf] df;'nfO{{ s'g} klg cj:yfdf pdfn]/ jf ksfP/ vfg]
u/f}+.

sf7df8f}F. ;la{ofsf #$ jif{df

hfjfgf] l esn] ljjfx ug] { s] 6 L
gkfPkl5 ;fdflhs ;~hfnxsf]
;xf/f lnP. pgn] ;dflhs
;~hfndf % xhf/eGbf a9LnfO{ k|]d
k|:tfj klg /fv]. t/, ;a}n] pgsf]
k|:tfj c:jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\. d}n]
hDdf !% hjfkm kfPF pgn] eg]
t/, ;a}n] gd|;Fu d]/f] un{k|]m08 x'g
c:jLsf/ u/]. hfjfgf]lesn] eg]
cem} xf/ dfg] s f 5} g g\ . pgL
cgnfOgdf k|l] dsf vf]Hg] cfgf] k|of;
Ps/lQ klg sd u/] s f 5} g g\ .
pgL;Fu ljsNk klg 5}g. lsgsL
pgsf] ufpF lgs} ;fgf] 5, hxfF ls t
ljjfx u/] s f dlxnf 5g\ ls

xh'/cfdf pd]/sf. pgL cfkm" h:t}

k|]ldsfsf] vf]hLdf 5g\. hf] sd
xfF:5g\ / ;Fw} gd| /xG5g\.
pgL ;la{ o f / aflx/sf !^
jif{dflysf o'jtLxnfO{ un{km| 0] 8 aGg]
k|:tfj;lxt Dof;]h k7fpF5g\. cfgf]
hLjgdf dlxnf phf{sf] sdL dx;';
ul//x]sf] To;n] hLjg vNnf] ePsf]
eGb} pgn] eg] d]/f] cf;kf;d} o:tf
o'jtL e]l6pg eGg] rfxfG5'. olt w]/}
o'jtLnfO{ k|:tfj ubf{ klg s;}n] ?rL
gb]vfpFbf pgL crDddf k/]sf 5g\.
db]lv 8/fpg'kg{] s'g} sf/0f g} 5}g,
o'jtLn] eg]sf] ;fj{hlgs 7fpFdf klxnf]
8]6 ug{ d tof/ 5' pgn] eg] tf ls
pgLxsf nflu s'g} vt/f gxf];\ .

cg'zf;g / g}ltstfljxLg JolQm

kz'eGbf klg t'R5 x'G5. o;}n]
/fli6o hLjgdf x/]s
cfofdxdf pbfx/0fLo cg'zf;g
/ g}ltstf sfod ug{ cfh}b]lv
cfkm}+af6 To;sf] ;'?jft u/f}+.

g]kfn ;/sf/

s[lif ljsf; dGqfno

kz' ;]jf ljefu

h'gf]l;; lgoGq0f cfof]hgf

a'9flgns07, sf7df8f+}
kmf]g M $^%)!@&, $^%)$(! km\ofS; g+= $^%)!@*

g]kfn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu

ko{6g ljz]if
ko{6lso :yn h'Ga]zL
sf7df8fF}. ljZj ko{6g Ps k|d'v uGtAo:yn ;f]n'v'Da" lhNnf clg
To; lhNnfdf cjl:yt a]gL uflj;leq /x]sf] h'Ga]zL ufp" Ps cjnf]sgLo
z'Gb/ / df}lns hghLjgdf cfBf{/t z]kf{ a:tLsf] kdf lrlgG5. Toxf"
u'Dg cfp"g] ko{6sxn] jf:tjdf h'Ga]zLdf e|d0f ubf{ /dfO{nf] nfUb5,
zfGt 5, clg Toxf"sf] /xg;xg, ;+:s[lt, dgf]/d b[Zon] xfdLnfO{ km]/L klg
3'Dg cfpg] k|]l/t u/]sf] 5 / xfdL km]l/ klg Toxf" 3'Dg cfpg] 5'. of]
clwsf+z To;If]qdf e|d0f ug{ ePsf ko{6sxsf] egfO{ xf]. x'g klg
k|s[ltn] af; u/]sf] 5 eGbf klg x'G5. ;fgf] pkTosf, j/Lk/L h+un, ufp" /
h+unsf] jLrdf snsn jUg] vf]nf clg jLrdf /dlgo z]kf{ j:tL / To;
j:tLdf k':tf} k':tfsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ l;uf] z]kf{xsf] O{ltxf; af]s]sf] uf}/jzfnL
P]ltxfl;s 6fzL yf]d]g dxfljxf/ u'Dafn] h'Ga]zL ;f"lRrs} ;'Gb/ ag]sf] 5.
uf]Djfh'+ zAbn] To; ufp"sf] df}lns klxrfg af]s]sf] kfO{G5. clg z]kf{xsf]
df}lns klxrfgsf kl/rofTds efiff h' cfhsf] h'Ga]zLdf ljlng ePsf] 5.
;do / kl/l:ytL cg';f/ ufp"sf] gfdx klg kl/jt{f xF'b} cfPsf] 5. Toxf"sf
jfl;Gbxn] klg lo kl/jt{g;"u ;Demf}tf ub}{ cfO{/x]sf 5g. hGa]zLsf]
gfds/0f o;/L eO{ cfPtf klg wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts kIfsf] sygdf h'Ga]zLaf6
l5d]sL ufp dk'+ ufpFdf hfFbf dk'+ vf]nfsf] sf7] k'n ;+u} Pp6f uf]nf]
cfsf/sf] 9'fdf h"gsf] cfs[lt :ki6;Fu /x]sf] b]Vg ;lsG5. 9'fdf h"gsf]
cfs[ltsf] jf; a;]sf] wfld{s ljZjf;n] To; ufpFsf] gfd h'Ga]zL /xg uPsf]
eGg] egfO{ /x]sf] kfO{G5. To; :yfgdf k'Ubfv]/L :yflgojf;Lxn] km"n
r9fO{ 9f]u ug]{ u/]sf] kfO{G5. To:t}u/L ;fgf] pkTosfdf u'Daf ;lxtsf]
afl;Gbf /x]sf] x'gfn] klg To; ufpFnfO{ uf]Dkfh'+ eGg] u/]sf] xf] eGg] syg
/x]sf] kfO{G5.
sf7df8fF}af6 lh/L x'b}+ ;u/dfyf tkm{ k}bn ofqf ug{] qmddf ko{6sx
h'Ga]zL uf"pdf a:g] ub{5g. lvGhf / ;]6] b]lv nfdh'/f;Ddsf] psfnf]
r9fO{sf] ysfgn] ko{6sx To; lbg cf/fd ug]{ ub{5 / ef]lnkN6 ysfg
d]6fpg / h'Ga]zLsf] cf;kf;df /x]sf :ynxsf] cjnf]sg ug{ Ps lbg yk
;do Aoltt ug{ ?rfp"5g. kmfKn' ljdfg:ynaf6 klg tLg 306fsf] k}bg
ofqf ub}{ To; If]qdf e|d0f ug{sf] nflu ko{6sx hfg] ub{5. @^&%
ld6/sf] prfO{df cjl:yt h'Ga]zL ufp"sf] d'Vo lhljsf]kfh{g v]tLkftL /
kz'kfng g} k|d'v /x]sf] 5 eg] ko{6g klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ Aoj;fosf] kdf
/x]sf] 5. d'n'sdf /fhgLlts 4Gb cl3 To; If]qdf ko{6sxsf] cfudg
cTolws /x]sf] lyof]. /fhgLlts 4Gbn] ko{6sxsf] cfudg b]ze/ v:sGb}
uPsf] l:ytLdf h' G a] z LIf] q klg c5' t f] /xg ;s] g g. kl5 b] z sf]
/fhgLltsl:ytLsf] ;'wf/;+u} ko{6sxsf] cfudfg km]l/ a9b} cfof]. l;hgdf
h'Ga]zLsf] ;a} nh, xf]6nx el/k"0f{ x'g yfn]sf 5g. ko{6sxsf nflu
;'ljwf ;DkGg xf]6n nhx k|of{Kt /x]sf 5g. lxhf]cfh jfXo ko{6sx
dfq geO{ cGtl/s ko{6sxsf] cfudgdf klg a[l4 x'b} uPsf] kfO{G5.
;f]n'v'Da"s} ljleGg ljBfnosf ljwfyL{, lzIfs, sd{rf/Lx, / cGo :yfgsf
afl;Gbfxn] klg To;If]qsf] e|d0f ug{ u/]sf] kfO{G5. h'Ga]zL If]qdf cjnf]sg
ubf{ h'Ga]zL u'Daf, ;{nf] u'Daf, km'df]r] 
u'Daf, y'Kt]g 5f]ln u'Daf, ;]uLkm's,
km'/t], kf]/f;] cflb :yfgx k|d'v cfs{ifs / dxTjk"0f{ P]ltxfl;s :ynsf]
kdf k|l;4 /x]sf] 5. Toxf"af6 y'Kt]g 5f]ln, ;fuLkm's xF'b} b'ws'08 e|d0f
ug{ ko{6sx hfg] ub{5g. of] To; If]qsf] cfs{ifs e|d0f :ynsf] kdf
kl/lrt /x]sf] 5. h'Ga]zL u'Dafdf ul/g] 8'DhL kj{ jif{s} Ps wfld{s tyf
;+:s[lts rf8kj{sf] kdf k|Voft 5g\. pSt cj;/df ljb]zL ko{6sx
h'Ga]zLdf 8'DhL kj{ x]g{ cfpg] ub{5. To;}u/L z]kf{xsf] ;+:s[lt, /xg;xgsf]
df}lnstfn] el/Psf] h'Ga]zL / To; If]qsf cf;kf;sf :ynxn] ko{6sxnfO{
cfs{lift u/L/x]sf 5g. ko{6g If]qsf] k|r'/ ;Defjgfn] 3]l/Psf] h'Ga]zL
If]qsf sf/0f h'Ga]zL dfWolds ljBfnonfO{ pRr df= lj tkm{ lj:tf/ ug{]
of]hgf cl3 a9L/x]sf] ;Gbe{df pRr df=lj=df ko{6g ljifodf cWoog ug{
u/fpg] ljifo s/Lj lgwf] eO{ ;s]sf] 5. ;f]n'v'Da" / glhssf] l5d]sL
lhNnfaf;L ljBfyL{xsf] nflu dxTjk"0f{cj;/sf] 9f]sf v'Nb} 5. ko6{ ljifosf]
cWoog, Aojfxfl/s / u'0f:tl/o lzIff, k|fs[lts ;|ft] ;fwfgsf] plrt Aoj:yfkg,
pTkflbt a:t'xnfO{ ahfl/s/0f u/L ko{6g ljsf; ;+u} hf]8\g ;s]df o'jfx
ljb]lzg' kg{] cj:yf xF'b}g. eljio /fd|f] 5. h'Ga]zLn] oxf"xnfO{ ;b}a
:jfut ul//x]sf] 5.

ko{6ssf] kvf{Odf es'08]

afun'. afun'sf] es'08] ufpFdf :yfgLosf] kxndf xf]d:6] ;~rfng

u/]sf] jif{lbg laTbf klg ko{6sLo ultljlwdf s'g} k|ult x'g ;s]sf] 5}g.
afun'sf] ;b/d'sfdb]lv !$ lsnf]ld6/sf] b'/Ldf /xsf] es'G8] uflj;df
ko{6s nf]Eofpg ;~rflnt xf]d:6] ko{6g of]hgf ;f]r]h:tf] ;kmn x'g g;s]sf]
;~rfnsxn] atfPsf 5g\. uflj;sf] j8f g+ @ b]lv $ ;Ddsf !) eGbf
a9L 3/df xf]d:6] ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5. ;b/d'sfb]lv glhs} /xsf] ePklg
oftfoftsf] ;xh ;'ljwf gx'Fbf ko{6s cfjfthfjt ug{ c;'ljwf ePsf]
:yfgLox atfpF5g\. cUnf] kxf8L e"uf]ndf cjl:yt pSt ko{6sLo ufpF
lhNnfd} ko{6g ljsf;sf] /fd|f] ;Defjgf ePsf] ufpF xf]. 8]9 jif{cl3b]lv
xfdLn] xf]d:6] ;]jf ;~rfng u/]sf 5f}F es'08] #, ls :yfgLo lgd{nf yfkfn]
eg] t/ ;f]r]h:tf] kfx'gf cfPsf 5}gg, k|rf/k|;f/ klg cln gk'u]sf] h:tf]
b]lvG5. du/ hfltsf] a;f]af; /x]sf] pSt ufpFdf hghfltsf] ;+:s[lt;Fu
/Db} ToxfFsf] a;fOF /dfOnf] agfpg] cj;/ ko{6sn] k|fKt ub{5g.
xfdLn] xfd|f] ;d'bfodf /x]sf 3/]n' pTkfbg / kl/sf/xsf] kfl/jfl/s
jftfj/0fdf pknAw u/fpF5f}F yfkfn] eg] ;'vb\ / ;'ljwfo'St a;fOFsf] nflu
3/df ef}lts ;|f]t;fwg klg ylk/x]sf 5f}F. xf]d:6] ;~rfng ePsf 3/df
clxn] wdfwd sf]7f yKg]bl] v ;'ljwfo'St zf}rfno lgdf{0f, :j:y vfg]kfgL /
ef]hgsf] ;'ljwfsf nflu cfjZos Joj:yf eO/x]sf] ;f]xL :yfgsL r08L yfkfn]
atfP . kfl/jfl/s jftfj/0fdf /dfO/dfO a:g], oxLsf] pTkfbg k|of]u ug{
Joj:yf u/]sf 5f}F yfkfn] eGg'eof] 3'Dg cfpg] ko{6ssf nflu ds}sf] /f]6L,
sf]bf]sf] l9F8f], cfn', ds}e, :yfgLo s'v'/fsf] df;'h:tf kl/sf/ 6sfg{ u/]sf
5f}F. xf]d:6] ;'? ePsf] 8]9 jif{sf] cjlwdf Psfw 3'Dg cfPsf 6f]nL / JolStxsf]
;Tsf/ ug]{ cj;/ kfPklg lgoldt ko{6s cfjfthfjt x'g g;s]sf] ;~rfnssf]
b'v;
] f] 5. xf]d:6] ;~rfng sfo{ljlw P]gcGtu{t btf{ u/]/dfq xf]d:6] ;~rfng
ug'k{ g]{ k|fjwfg ePkl5 dlxnfx ;d"x agfP/ btf{ ug]{ tof/Ldf nfu]sf 5g\.
clxn];Dd btf{ gu/L :yfgLo kxnd} xf]d:6] rnfPsf dlxnfxsf] ;d"x ldn]/
btf{ ug{] of]hgf /x]sf] g}gLsnf yfkfn] atfP . :yfgLo du/hfltsf dlxnfxn]
ko{6s cfpFbf xf]d:6]d} du/ ;+:s[lt emNsg] ehg, ;f]/7Lnufotsf ;f+:s[lts
emfFsLx k|bz{g ug]{ u/]sf 5g\. xfdL ko{6ssf] kvf{Odf 5f},F ko{6snfO{
/dfO/dfO a:g / k"0f{tof kfl/jfl/s jftfj/0fdf ;]jf;'ljwf lbg xfdL tof/
5f}F yfkfn] eg]. es'G8];Dd cfpg] ko{6g dfu{sf] ;xL Joj:yfkg / oftfoftsf]
;xh ljsf; eOlbP xf]d:6] ko{6g km:6fpg] yfkfsf] cfzf 5. es'G8]sf] ko{6g
k|a4{gdf dxTjk"0f{ 7flgPsf] xf]d:6] ko{6g ljsf;df cGo ;+:yfxn] klg hf]8
lbPsf 5g\. pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 afun'n] xf]d:6]sf ;~rfns dlxnfxsf
nflu Ifdtf a9fpg] tflnd k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5. es'G8] lhNnfs} dxTjk"0f{
ko{6sLo If]q xf], o;sf] k|a4{g ug'{ h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf
cWoIf a;Gts'df/ >]i7n] atfP . ;|f]t;fwgsf] pknAwtf / k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf]
sfdnfO{ cl3 a9fpg' cfjZos 5. es'G8]af6 Ps;fy b'O{ bh{g lxdz[nfxsf]
cjnf]sg ug{;lsG5. du/ ;d'bfosf] pTs[i6 ;+:s[lt / klxrfg x]g{ / cg'el" t
ug{ es'G8] /fd|f] uGtJo dflgG5. ko{6g ljsf;sf] nIo /fvL es'G8]sf] w'/Ldf
Eo" 6fj/ lgdf{0fsf] sfd klg cl3a9]sf] 5. d'nfaf/L, bx, ;f}o{sf] w'/Lnufotsf
:yfgx es'G8]sf] cfs{ifs ko{6sLo :ynx x'g\ .

dfcf]jfbLxM ob'j+zL ls b"/bzL{<

ljrf/eGbf klg :jfy{sf] hd36
ePsf 7fpFdf x'g] s'/f ToxL lyof],
hf] la/f6gu/n] b]vfof], Pdfcf]jfbLdf
eof]. xF'b}5. rNb}5. To;sf l56f,
afl56f dfcf]jfbLdf klg k'Unfg.
afa'/fdxn] z' e f/De / k| r08
k|ltj]bg :jLsf/ u/] klg ;dfkg
jlxisf/ u/]/ lxF8]5g\. k|r08xn]
PSn} u/]5g\ ;dfkg. hfFbf ;Fu} /
kmls{bf cnu eP5g\. tg / dg
ldnfpg uPsfx kbsf nflu
afemfafem u/]/ kmls{P5g\. cfkm}
ldNg g;Sg]n] c?nfO{ ldnfpg] /
h' 6 fpg] s;/L< /fhgLltsf]
xf6ahf/df o:t} rrf{ rln/x]sf a]nf
km] l/ efuj08f ldn] sfn] s] lGb| o
;ldltsf] a}7sdf hfg] s'/f klg
cfP. g]kfndf ;fFRr}sf] PsLs[t
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ agfpg] s'/f t ca
emg\ w]/} 6f9f k'u] h:t} nfUof] .
cleefjsljxLg x'Fbfsf] glthf xf] Tof]
lj/f6gu/ k|s/0f. csf{n] prfn]sf
e/df rNbfsf] kl/0ffd klg xf].
afa'cfdfsf] dg 5f]/fdfly, 5f]/fsf]
dg cs} { s L 5f] / L dfly eGg]
nf]suLtn] xfd|f] ;dfh / /fhgLltsf
s]xL g]tfsf] rl/q lrq0f u/]sf] 5.
pbfx/0fsf nflu dfcf]jfbLnfO{ klg
lng ;lsG5. k|r08nfO{ cfkt
ljkt kbf{ hlxn] klg j}B rflxGy],
rflxG5g\, ;lhnf] a]nfdf rflxFb}gg.
afa'/fdnfO{ klg k|wfgdGqL x'g] /x/
k"/f ug'{k/] wf]jL3f6 k'U5g\, j}Bsf]
a'6L vfG5g\ / x'G5g\. k|r08 /
afa'/fd b'a}nfO{ bfofF / afofF sfvdf
/fv]/ x'sf{Psf j}B To:tf cefuL
/fhgLlts afa' x' g\, h;sf b' a}
5f]/fn] /fd|L >LdtL / hflu/ kfPkl5
d" n 3/af6 afa' g} aflxl/g' kg] {
jftfj/0f tof/ kfl/lbP, wkfOP.
o;nfO{ s;}n] sln eGnfg, s;}n]
;dosf] k/LIff jf kf6L{ l eqsf]
cfGtl/s ;Qfsf] v]n h;n] h];'s}
eg] klg b' a } dfcf] j fbL clxn]
ljefhgsf] kL8fdf 56kl6b}5g\.
pgLxn] u/]sf uNtLsf] ;hfo cfkm}

g/gf/fo0f cfq]o

ef]Ub}5 g\ . o:tf] b]v ]/ sltkon]

v'lr / efUojfbLn] rflxF j}BafnfO{
u/]sf] kfk cfkmF}lt/ kms]{sf] eg]sf]
klg ;' lgof] . cem sltkon] t
dfcf] j fbLx To;/L cfk;d}
ljeflht eP/ ;lsP x'GYof] eg]/ w"k
xfn]sf] klg b]lvof]. xfdLh:tfn]
b]v]sf / ;'g]sf To:tf s'/f b'a}
dfcf]jfbLxn] yfxf gkfPsf xf]nfg\
eGg ;lsGg. v} / h] x f] ; \ ,
dfcf]jfbLxdf ePsf] ljefhg /
ljrngn] lj/f]wLx v'zL 5g\, z'e
lrGtsx b'MvL 5g\. of] jf Tof]
u' 6sf] nls/sf] kmls/ gag] s f
Odfgbf/ sfo{stf{ / cfg} z'e
lrGtsnfO{ b'Mv lbgrflxF slxn]b]lv
5f8\g] x'g\ dfcf]jfbL g]tfxn]<
k|ltlIft 5 Tof]. Ifl0fs ;Qfsf]
nf]edf k/]/ cfgf cu|h ldqx /
hgo'4sf cjojxnfO{ a}/L 7fGg
k'u] afa'/fdn]. h'g j}Bn] cfkm"
;/sf/df guP/ afa'/fdnfO{ k'ofP,
ltg} j}Bdfly k|xf/ u/]/ hgo'4sf
ar]v'r]sf ;+/rgf klg b'ZdgnfO{
;'Dk] afa'/fdn]. eidf;'/nfO{ j/bfg
lbPh:t} eof] afa'/fdsf] k|wfgdGqLsf]
s';L{ j}Bxsf nflu. cGtdf cfkm}
klg abgfd eP/ ;lsP afa'/fd.
To:t} k| r 08nfO{ klg kf6L{ s f]
dxf;lrj, cWoIf / b] z sf]
k|wfgdGqLsf] s';L{df k'ofpgsf nflu
s]s] u/]gg\ / ;x]gg\ j}Bn]< To;sf]
u'g s;/L lt/] k|r08 / afa'/fdn]<
b'lgofFn] b]Vof]. cfkm" ef/tsf] h]ndf
a;]/ pgLx b'a}nfO{ v'Nnf ;]N6/
lbnfpg] j}Bn] clGtd;Dd klg eg]s}
x'g\ kf6L{ cWoIf / k|wfgdGqL klg
ltdL b' a } ag dnfO{ rflxF b} g .
ljb]zLsf] u'nfdL gu/, hgo'4sf hu
ge8\sfpm, dfcf]jfbLsf lzsf/Ln]
b]vfPsf] ;'gsf] afnf x]/]/ kl5 gnfu
/ ldq3ftL gag. 6]/]gg b'a}n].
x]/g] g eljiolt/. ;'gsf afnfsf kl5

nfUbf ePsf] xljut xf] of] lj/f6gu/

k|If]k0f klg. cem} c? slt rflxof]<
;'gsf] d[usf kl5 nId0f bu'bf{
;Ltfx/0f ePsf] kf}/fl0fs sxfgL oxfF
klg bf]xf]l/of]. k|wfgdGqLsf] Tof]
c:yfoL s';L{sf] nf]en] dfcf]jfbLsf]
kf}g] b'O{ bzsb]lvsf] :yfoL Pstf
vNaNofof]. kf6L{ ljefhg u/fof].
slt ;lhn} Toqf] dfcf]jfbL zlSt
l5GgleGg kfl/of], x'Fb}5 / cem} klg
;Dxflng g;s] ;lsgsf nflu c?
s;}n] s]xL ug}{ kb}{g h:tf] 5. cfkm}
ob'j+zLh:t} x'g] af6f] /f]h]kl5 s;sf]
s] nfU5 /< nfUb}g. /fhgLlt xf],
;w}F Ps} lsl;dn] grNnf. ljjfb
a9\g' / s]xL tndfly x'g' c:jfefljs
dfGg ;lsGg. ha cfgf] 3/sf] hu
eTsfP/ csf{sf] 3/sf] uf/f] nufpg
yflnG5 ta c:jfefljs dfGg'kg]{
/x] 5 . ToxL u/] k| r 08
afa'/fdxn], glthf klg Aoxf]/].
sf+ u | ] ; Pdfn] x dfcf] j fbLsf]
;+ljwfg;ef / u0ftGqsf] /fhgLlt
af] s ] / ;Qfdf 5g\ . k| r 08 /
afa'/fdx cfgf] /fhgLlt nu]/
sf+ u|]; Pdfn]sf xftdf a' emfPkl5
ltgLxn] c8\sn] / lbPsf] efudf
lrQ a'e mfpg afWo 5g\. lxhf]sf
Toqf] dxfg hgo' 4 sf gfos /
;xgfossf] Tof] cj:yf slt ;xh
xf]nf< h;nfO{ c;xh nfUg'kg]{ xf],
p;} n] ;a} s' /f krfO;s] kl5 /
lrQ a'emfO;s] kl5 c?sf] s] nfU5
/< nfUb}g.
lj/f6gu/af6 kms]{kl5 k|r08n]
c? a6'Ng yfNbf kf]N6fsf] kf]lvPsf]df
b' Mv dgfp u/] . klxn] kf]N6fs}
;DxfNg], clg c? l6Kg] s'/f / sfd
klg u/]. of] t 7Ls} u/]. a]7Ls
s'/frflxF s] u/] eg] j}B dfcf]jfbL;Fu
kf6L{ Pstf ug{vf]Hbf dnfO{ /fli6o
/ cGt/f{li6o zlSts]Gb|af6 ;+ljwfg
lj/f]wLsf] cf/f]k nufOof] , To;f]

gul/of];\ eGb} xf/u'xf/ u/], dflns

k'sf/]. cfgf] sldhf]/L v'n:t kf/],
b]vfP. kf6L{ ljefhgkl5sf] /fhgLlt
s;sf nflu, s;sf] lgb{ ] z gdf
ubf{/x]5g\ eGg] s'/f cfkm} vf]n] pgn].
clxn] j}BxnfO{ klg ;d]6g\ uf]nd]r
;Dd]ng u/]/ ;+ljwfgsf ljifoj:t'df
;xdlt u/]/ hfpF eGg] k|r08n]
ljb]zLn] xsf/] eg] km]l/ ef]ln To;nfO{
g5f] 8 \ n fg eGg ;lsGg. slt
cl:y/, c8fgxLg, sdhf]/ / k/fl>t
x'g'k/]sf] xf]< o;/L slt lbg rN5<
lxhf]sf] PsLs[t dfcf]jfbL kf6L{leq
ha ljb]zLx 3';,] s]xL sf+u;
]| Pdfn]
k;] / s] x L ToxL+ hGd] , ta
dfcf]jfbLx sdhf]/ x'Fbu} P. ljb]zL
dflnssf lk5nUu' / sf+ u | ] ;
Pdfn]jfnfx alnof aGb} uP.
o'l/of xfn]/ xn{s a9fOPsfx;Fu
cfTdan gx'g' :jfefljs} xf]. To;}n]
ljb]zL / sf+u|];Pdfn]n] k|r08 /
afa'/fdx u'bL gePsf af]qmf x'g\
eGg] s'/f /fd|/L a'em]sf 5g\ / ;w}F
/;xLg 5f]qmfsf kdf /fVg rfxG5g\.
j}B;Fu sbflk ldNg lbg rfxFbg} g\.
sf+u;
|] Pdfn]nfO{ s] s'/f yfxf 5 eg]
a}Bsf] a'6Ln] ltgsf] ;Qfsf] s'6Lsf]
5fgf] p8fOlbg ;S5. ;'v;ondf
cfuf] nufOlbg;S5. To;}n] ;Qfsf]
/f]6Lsf] 6'qmf kfb}{ k|r08afa'/fdnfO{
d';fb}{ u/]sf 5g\. j}B;Fu ldNg] af6f]
5]Sb} u/]sf 5g\. k|r08afa'/fdnfO{
sf+ u | ] ; Pdfn] ; F u jfu] { l g ug] {
zlStzfnL c:q ePsf 5g\ aflxl/Psf
tL /fhgLlts afa' j}B. j}B cfkm}n]
of] s'/f ga'em]sf] cg'dfg ug{;lsGg.
a'em]/, cnu /x]/ pgn] u/]sf] pknlAw
klg s]xL b]lvFbg} . j}Bn] 5f]8k] l5sf]
Tof] 3/ emg nyfln / etfe' ef].
af3sf] 5fnfdf :ofnsf] /hfOF x'Fb}
uof]. oL ;a} b[Zo 6'n6' 'n' x]//] a:g
ldNb}g j}Bn] klg. ;DxfNg' k5{. To;}n]
ca j}B;Fu klg k|r08 / afa'/fd;Fu
ldNg' / cfkm} n ] agfPsf] 3/
;DxfNg'sf] ljsNk 5}g, ldNg}k5{.
tadfq b'as
} f] ;d:of 65{ gq 6b}{g.

afv|fn] hGdfof] * v'] kf7f]

sf7df8f}F. o;} ;ftf qmf]ol;ofdf Pp6f afv|f]n] * j6f v'f ePsf]
cgf}7f] aRrf hGdfof]. hf]/fg kfkfl/ssf] kfn]sf] afv|f]n] o:tf] cgf}7f] kf7f]
hGdfPkl5 pgL 5Ss k/]. pgn] v'f
ug], 7\ofSs} * j6f lyP. pgn] laZjf;
ug{;s]gg, / l5d]sLnfO{ af]nfP. b'jn
} ]
ug] , v' f cf7j6} lyP. To;kl5
pgLxn] kf7f] s f] t:jL/ lvr] .
pgLxn] kl5 yfxf kfP ls of] cgf}7f]
kf7f] b'O{ ln+uLo /x]5. afv|fsf dflns
hf]/fg eG5g o;sf ;a} lrh b'O{j6f 5g, h'DNofxf aRrf cfk;df
dh{ePh:tf] b]lvG5. of] afRof] eg] d b'O{ tLg aif{kfNg rfxfG5', tL
ls;fgn] eg]. cf7 v'] kf7f] cfkFm} pleg eg] ;Sb}g.

o:tf lyP xfd|f k'vf{

sf7df8f}F. afFb/h:tf] nfUg] / dfG5]em}F b]lvg] Ps vfnsf] cfs[ltdf

s]xL wAafx xfn]/, To;nfO{ cem} s]xL las[t k lbP/ clg To;df 3'/]/
x]l//x]sfem}F u'Rrfh:tf cfFvf xfn]/ tof/ ul/Psf xfd|f k'vf{sf k|ltd'lt{
agfOPsf 5g\. xfd|f k'vf{x s:tf lyP
xf]nfg t eg]/ lrGg ca emg} ;lhnf]
x'g] ePsf] 5. o:tf k|ltd'lt{ agfOPsf
5g\ ls lt tTsfn p7] / hLjgdf
cfpnfg h:tf] nfU5. wGofjfbsL kfq
x'g \ snfsf/a} 1flgs Pln;fa] y
8fOg];. klxn] Pln;fa]y gf6s3/sf
nflu d's'08f] agfpg] of]hgfdf lyOg
t/ lj:tf/} pgnfO{ xfd|f] k'vf{x s:tf] lyP xf]nfg\ eGg]lt/ dg uof] /
yflng\ xfd|f k'vf{xsf] k|ltd'lt{ agfpg. /, laut @ bzsb]lv dfgj
ljsfzsf af/]df pgL sfd ul//x]sL 5g\. /, To;s} kmn:jk pgn]
n';Lsf] lgdf{0f u/]sL 5g\. n';L rlr{t c:6fnf]lky]s; clk|msfg'; hftLsf]
xfd|f] k'vf{ xf] hf] @) nfv b]lv #) nfv jif{cl3 o; wlt{df lyof].
k|fKt k'/fgf xf8x / vKk/xsf] cWoog u/]/, To;sf] skL agfP/
To;df df6f], cGo /;fog tyf rf}/L ufOxsf] /f}F k|of]u u/]/ o:tf
k|ltd'lt{x agfPsL 5g\. pgn] n';L dfq xf]Og, s]xL cGo dfgj ljsfz
qmdsf s]xL xfd|f k'vf{xsf] k|ltd'lt{x ;d]t tof/ u/]sL 5g\.8]nLd]n

cfg} >LdtLsf] ;fngfnsf] kl/sf/

sf7df8fF}. n+8gsf Ps JolStn] cfgf] >LdtLsf] ;fngfnnfO{ kl/sf/
agfP/ vfPsf 5g\. a]nfotl:yt nG8gsf lgs gfd u/]sf JolStn] cfgf]
>LdtLn] aRrf hGdfO;s]kl5 lgsfn]sf] Kn];]6f -ue{gfn_nfO{ kl/sf/ agfP/
vfPsf 5g\. otf >LdtLn] aRrf
hGdfOg, ptf lgsn] gfnnfO{ kl/sf/
agfP/ vfP. c:ktfnaf6 klxn] t
pgn] ue{gfnnfO{ 3/ NofP clg To;kl5
6]sf] gfd u/]sf] Ps df]/Ssg vfgfdf
To;nfO{ ldnfP/ ksfP. pgn] eg],
jf:tjd} of] vfgf ;fx} ld7f] /Xof].
To;f] ubf{ l3g nfu]g t eGg] k|Zgdf
lgssf] ts{5, To;}v]/ hfg] lrhnfO{ d}n] kl/sf/sf] k lbPF. s]sf]
l3g< pgL eG5g\, df;' ;a} df;' g} x'g\. t/ cem of] t s;}nfO{ lk8f
glbO{ k|fKt cd'No df;'. Ph]G;L

km];a'ssf dflns h's/ju{sf !@ /f]rs tYo Po/kf]6{sf] ;'/Iffdf afFb/

sf7df8f}F. ;g\ !(*$ d] !$

tfl/vdf pgL Go"of]s{df hlGdPsf
km];a'ssf dflns dfs{hs
' /ju{ cl:t
d] !$ tfl/vb]lv #) aif{df nfu]sf
5g\. #) cf}F a;Gt cl3 g} ca{kltsf]
;"rLdf k|jz
] ug]{ dfs{ PSnf t x}gg
t/ oL o:tf ;Lldt k|lalw jfbzfx x'g
h;sf] sfdn] ;+;f/nfO{ ablnlbof].
!) aif{cl3 pgn] yfn]sf] km];a'sn]
;f];n ldl8of qmflGt Nofpg ;kmn
eof]. pg} h's/' ju{af/] sd} yfxf ePsf
!@ tYoaf/] hfgsf/L lncf}F .
!= xf/e8{ 8kcfp6
dfs{ xf/e8{df k9fO{ aLrd} 5f8]/
lahg]; yfn]sf lyP. pgn] cd]l/sfsf]
k|Voft laZjljBfno xf/e8{df cWoog
ubf{tfsf km];Dof; gfdsf] j]a;fO6
agfPsf lyP h;n] ljBfyL{sf] t:jL/sf
cfwf/df sf] cfs{s 5 eg]/ cfgf]
ef]6 lbg kfpFy] . To;n] vf;} VoftL
a6'Ng g;s]kl5 pgn] km]a'c
| /L $,
@))$ df b km];a's 86sd gfdsf
;fdflhs ;+hfn ;'? u/]. ;'?jftdf
km];a's laZjljBfnosf u|fh'P6xsf]
8f6fa]z /fVg] / cfk;df ldqtf sfod
ug{] ynf]h:tf] dfq lyof]. ;g\ @))^
af6 dfq of] ;a}vfn] k|of]ustf{sf nflu
v'nf ul/Psf] lyof].
@= rf]/Lsf] aft
dfs{dfly af}l4s ;DklQ rf]/Lsf]
aft nfu]sf] lyof]. xf/e8{d} k9\g] a]nf
pgnfO{ xf/e8{ sg]S;g gfds j]a;fO6
lgdf{0fsf nflu sfddf nufOPsf] lyof].
t/, dfs{n] To;sf] cfOl8of lnP/ lghL
k|fh
] S] 6sf] kdf b km];a's lgdf{0f u/]sf]
pgnfO{ sfd nufPsf Sofd/f]g ljgSnf]e

/ lbAo g/]Gb|n] cf/f]k nufP. pgLxn]

dfs{lj?4 d'2f klg xfn]. kl5 pgn]
;f9] ^ s/f]8 8n/ lbP/ of] d'2fnfO{
;dfwfg u/]sf lyP.
#= / 5'fpg ;Sb}gg\
h's/ju{ sn/ AnfOG8 5g\. pgn]
/ftf] / xl/of] /+u lrGg ;Sb}gg\. h;sf
sf/0f km];a'sdf lgnf] /+u lgnf]sf]
af]nafnf 5. h's/ju{ 5g\ eg] d]/f]
nflu ;j}eGbf pQd / g} lgnf] xf],
h'g d}n] k"/} 7Dofpg ;S5'.
$= dfOqmf] ; k\ m 6 / Pcf] P nsf]
hflu/ c:jLsf/
xfO:s'n k9\b} ubf{ h's/ju{n]

l;g]K; gfdsf] Do'lhs PK; agfPsf

lyP. Tolta]nf dfOqmf];6 / Pcf]Pnn]
h's/ju{nfO{ ;f] Pk yk lj:tf/ ug{ /
cfgf] hflu/ vfg cfpg nfvf}F 8n/sf]
ckm/ u/]sf lyP. t/, pgn] hflu/
vfg'sf] ;f xf/e8{ laZjljBfnodf egf{
x'g] af6f] /f]h] .
%= Dofs8f]gfN8 au{sf kf/vL
laZjsf] gDa/ Ps ;f];n g]6jls{
;fO6sf ca{klt dflns Dofs8f]gfN8sf

kf/vL x' g \ . pgsf] k| f ]kmfOndf

hgfOPcg';f/ pgnfO{ au{ dg k5{
n]8L ufuf, lasf]g / s]6 k]/L pgnfO{
dgkg]{ ;]lna|6] L x'g\ .
^= 3/df 6LeL 5}g
ox'bL kl/jf/df hlGdPsf dfs{;uF
cfg} 6LeL ;]6 5}g. pgL cfk"mnfO{
o:tf j:t' d f laZjf; gePsf]
atfpF5g\.
&= em'/ klx/gdf gDa/ !
cj{klt eOsg klg h's/ju{sf]
8;] ;]G; /fd|f] 5}g. pgL cS;/ lhG;,
6L;6{ / rKkndf e]l6G5g\. ;g\ @)!!
df t pgL l;lnsg EofnLsf ;j}eGbf

v/fj kl/xgjfnf AolStsf] ;"rLsf]

klxnf] gDa/df lyP.
*= cfk\mg} :6fkm;Fu laafx
h's/ju{n] ;g\ @)!@ df nfdf]
;dob]lvsL k|l] dsf k|l;nf rfg;Fu
laafx u/]. rfg ;g\ @))$ df
km];a's ;fj{hlgs ePsf] bf];f| ] lbg
km];a'sdf hflu/ vfg k'us
] L lyOg\.
(= @# aif{sf] pd]/df sfG5f] ca{klt
;g\ @))* df h's/ju{ ;+;f/s}

sfG5f ca{kltsf kdf ;"rLs[t ePsf

lyP hlta]nf pgsf] pd]/ @# aif{sf]
dfq lyof]. kmf]A;sf] ca{klt ;"rLdf
pgL klxnf]k6s &*% gDa/df k/]sf
lyP.
!)= aif{df ! 8n/ tnj
dfs{hs
' /ju{n] ;g\ @)!@ df k|dv
'
sfo{sf/L clws[tsf kdf % nfv #
xhf/ 8n/ tnj a'em]sf lyP. t/,
;g\ @)!# df pgn] cgf}7f] lg0f{o u/].
pgn] cfgf] tnj 36fP/ aif{sf] Ps
8n/df ;Lldt u/]. o:tf] lg0f{o ug]{
pgL PSnf] eg] x}gg\. o;cl3 g} aif{sf]
Ps 8n/ tnj lng] l;Ocf]sf] Snjdf
PKkn l;Ocf] l:6e hA; / u'un
;+:yfksx Xof/L k]h / ;u{O la|g
l5l/;s]sf lyP. aif{df Ps 8n/ tna
eP klg pgnfO{ vf;} lrGtf 5}g.
lsgeg] pgL;Fu clxn] klg sl/j @%
ca{ cd]l/sL 8n/ a/fa/sf] ;]o/
km];a's sDkgLdf 5, hxfFaf6 pgn]
aflif{s s/f]8f}F} 8n/ nfef+; kfpF5g\.
!!= laz]i f ;'/Iff
km];a'sn] h's/ju{nfO{ laz]if
;'/Iffsf nflu vr{ pknAw u/fpF5.
pgsf] cfgf] lgjf; / sfof{nodf klg
laz]if ;'/Iff k|aGw ul/Psf] 5 h;sf]
;Dk"0f{ vr{ km];a'sn] a]xf]5{ . km];a'ssf
nflu h's/ju{ ;j}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ ePsfn]
pgnfO{ laz]if ;'/Iffsf nflu vr{
ul/Psf] sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 5.
!@= s's'/sf !* nfv k\mofg
h's/ju{;uF 6LeL geP klg pgL
s's/' sf eg] ;f}lvg 5g\. pgL;Fu la:6
gfdsf] Ps s's/' 5 h;sf] km];a's
ofg dfq} !* nfv 5g\. Ph]G;L

rfOlgh lna]/;g cfdL{sf] a]Olh ldln6/L If]qn] cfgf] Po/kf]6{xdf

r/fxn] ug{] cj/f]w x6fpg afFb/nfO{ k|of]u u/]sf] 5. b'O{ j6f l/;;
hftsf afFb/xnfO{ tflnd lbP/ r/f x6fpg yflnPsf] 5. oL afFb/x
xfd|} kz'ktL / :joDe'df kfOg] hftsf
/ftf afFb/ x'g\. ;]gfsf Po/kf]6{ j/Lk/L
?vxdf u'F8 nfP/ a;]sf r/fxsf
sf/0f ;]gfn] 7'nf] ;'/Iff vt/f df]ln/x]sf]
;Gbe{ d f of] ljNs' n } gofF tl/sf
ckgfOPsf] xf]. glhssf r/fxnfO{
wkfpg nLsf] k|of]u ug{], l;L ahfpg]
h:tf{ cg]s pkfo ul/of] t/ cxF s]xL
nfu]g. cflv/df afFb/nfO{ tflnd lbFbf ;:tf] klg kof] / sfdofjL klg.
;}lgs clws[t :of x'n] atfP. r/fxsf] u'F8 eTsfPkl5 dfq lt cfgf]
jf;:yfg 5f]8]/ k/ k/ hfG5g\. afFb/n] oxL ;fn dfq} !*) j6f u'Fu
eTsfPsf 5g\, ca 6G6f ;dfKt ef]. x'n] atfP.Ph]G;L

k|lt306f tLgxhf/ lsld u'8\g] /]n

sf7df8f}F . rLgn] k|lt306f tLgxhf/ lsnf]ld6/sf] /tf/df u'8g\ ;Sg]

r'DasLo /]nuf8Lsf] lasf; u/]sf] 5. ;'Gbf klg kTof/ gnfUg] of] s'/fnfO{
rLgsf cg';Gwfgstf{xn] d't
{ kd} b]vfpg] tof/L u/]sf5g\. pgLxn]
o;sf] ;Dk"0f{tof/L k'/f ul/;s]sf 5g\. t/ o:sfnfO{ k|rlnt 6g] lns eGbf
cnu 6\oa' lns rflxg] atfOPsf] 5.
xfn ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf b|t' utLsf] /]n
rLgd} bf}8L/fv]sf] zf+uxfO dUn]j 6g]
xf], h'g $#! lsnf]ld6/k|lt306fsf]
/tf/ klS8g ;S5 t/ cTolws jfo'
k|lt/f]wsf sf/0f xfnsf] ult l;df $))
lsnf]ld6/ k|lt306f 5. of] /tf/sf] sf/0f g} Plzofdf dUn]j 6g] ;a}sf]
/f]hfO ag]sf] 5. clxn];Dd /]s8{ ul/Psf] ;a}eGbf a8L l:k8 %&$=*
lsnf]ld6/k|lt306f 5. clxn];Dd /]s8{ ul/Psf] ;a}eGbf a8L l:k8
%&$=* lsnf]ld6/k|lt306f 5. ;fpyj]:6 o'lgel;{6L, r]b'sf c;f]l;P6
k|f]km]z/ 8f= b] lhuf+u eG5g\ obL ultnfO{ $)) lsnf]ld6/k|lt306fn]
a9fOof] eg] tfGg] pmhf{sf] *# k|ltzteGbf a9L zStL jfo' k|lt/f]wsf] sf/0f
Aoy{ x'G5 t/ Ps 6\o'a 6]g nfOgdf ;d'b| ;txsf] ;fdfGo jfo'dG8nLo
bafaaf6 eGbf bz u'0ff 36fP/ elj:odf of] ultnfO{ cem} ;ft u'0ff a9L
ug{;lsG5. hfgsf/Lsf nflu, ;fdfGotof 8f]dl] :6s xjfOhxfhsf] l:k8
!@)) b]vL !$)) lsnf]ld6/k|lt306f x'G5.

o'u prfNg] cIf/sdL{sf] cj;fg

;d;fdlos d'2fxsf] ulx/f]
p7fg 8f= n]vgfy sfn] lzGr',
tfOjfg pbok'/ hGdynf] ePsf
gGbnfn cfrfo{ ;Kt/LnfO{ sd{ynf]
agfP/ aiff}{+b]lv Psflt/ lzIf0f k];f
/ ljBfno Joj:yfg / csf{ lt/
;flxlTos ofqfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbO/fv] s f 5g\ . pgn] snd
grnfPsf] ;fob s'g} ljwf xf]nf, bz{g,
/fhgLlt, cy{tGq h:tf ;a} If]qdf
pgsf] snd p:t} rn]sf] 5. g]kfnL
;flxTosf w]/} lawfdf snd rnfPsf
cfrfo{ xfn} o'u prfNg] cIf/sdL{sf]
cj;fg gfds Psf+sL / gf6s ;+ux|
lnP/ kf7s ;dIf cfPsf 5g\.
hDdfhDdL !% j6f Psf+ s Lx
;d] l6Psf] pSt s[ lt jt{ dfgsf
ljljw ;fdflhs d'2fxdf s]lGb|t
5. gGbnfn cfrfo{ k| T o] s
gf6sxdf cnu cnu d'2 f /
tGq;Fu ldl;Psf 5g\. s'g}df pgL
lab|f]x ps]N5g\ eg] s'g}df ;Demf}tf,
s'g}df cf]zf]sf] k|]dky / dfgl;s
zflGtsf] nx/L ufpF5g\ eg] s'g}df
lj1fgsf ;"qx. s'g} gf6sdf pgL
lgs} cfbz{jfg / sfNklgs x'G5g\
eg] s'gd} f pgL Psbd ef}ltsjfbL.
s'g}df ef}ltsjfb / cfbz{jfbsf]
aLrdf cfkm"nfO{ pEofpg] r]i6f ;d]t
ub{5g. pgsf gf6sxdf pgL
vf;df lj1fgjfbL, k|sl[ t / jftfj/0f
k|]dL, k'/fgf k/Dk/f / ;:sf/eGbf
k/ gofF / kl/jt{gsf/L lsQfdf
pleG5g\ jf pleg vf]H5g\. Pp6f
dfq gf6s k9]/ pgsf] ljrf/ /
n]vsLo b[li6sf]0f kQf nfUb}g / ;a}
k9\of] eg] klg 7\ofSs} o;f] /x]5 eGg
klg ;lsGg. pgL a}rfl/s lx;fan]
cem} klg c;dem / cndndf g}
/x] s f 5g\ . To;} n ] gf6sxdf
;d:ofxsf] p7fg u/] klg ;dfwfg
eg] cln uf]nd6f]n tl/sfn] lgsfNg]
k|of; u/]sf 5g\. Pp6f cfbz{ /
Gofok"0f{ ;dfhsf] sNkgf k|z:t} u/]
klg Tof] ;dfh;Dd hfg] af6f] / k|fKt
ug]{ tl/sfdf eg] cln cndn 5g\.
;dfhsf tTsfnLg ;d:ofxnfO{ 6Kk
l6k]/ gf6s n]v]sf pgL ;d:ofsf]
ulx/fO;Dd t k' u ] s f 5g\ t/
ulx/fOaf6 lg:sg eg] ;xL af6f] kQf
gGbnfn cfrfo{ -@)#)_
df]km;ndf ;fwgf/t o'jf ;flxlTos
k|ltef x'g\. pgsf] hGd pbok'/df
eP klg pgn] /fhlj/fhnfO{ sd{
yn f ] ag fPsf 5g\ . p gL
/f hlj/ fhd } /x] / lz I f0f /
;flxTon] vg b'j } u5{g \ . lzIf0f
pgsf] k];f xf] eg] ;flxTol;h{gf
pgsf] ;f]v xf] . k] ;f / ;f] v b' j}
g} jfs\ ;Fu hf]l8Psf] x' Fbf pgn] oL
b' j } d f pko' Q m tfnd] n /fv] s f]
b]lvG5. lzIfs eP/ ;flxTosf/
x'g ' cyjf ;flxTosf/ eP/ lzIfs
x'g ' eg] sf] bf]xf] /f] lhDd] jf/L a]xf] g{'
xf] . pgL b' j } I f] q df sd{ 7
b]lvG5g\ .
;flxTosf ljljw ljwfdf snd
rnfpg] gGbnfn ax'd'vL k|ltef
ePsf JolQmTj x'g\. pgL ;flxTosf
;a} h;f] ljwfdf l;h{ gf ug{ ;Ifd
ePsfn] Psf\ sL, gf6s, sljtf,
syf, lgaGw, ;dLIff cflbsf] /rgf
ul//xG5g\ . ljleGg ljwfdf
b] lvPsf] pgsf] o; ;+ n Ugtfn]
pgdf k| z:t /rgfTds pmhf{ 5
eGg] hfgsf/L kfOG5. pgsf]
k':tsfsf/ gf6\os[lt o'u prfNg]
cIf/sdL{ s f] cj;fg -@)^&_
k| sflzt eO;s] sf] 5. of] g}
pgsf] klxnf] k| sflzt k' :tsfsf/
s[lt xf].
g]kfnL ;flxTosf pgn] k|j]z
@)%$ df sljsf kdf u/]sf x'g\.
To;}n] pgsf] klxnf] /rgf klg slj
b] j sf] 6 f -@)%$_ zLif{ s sf]
5g\ b f] a 4 sljtf /x] s f] 5.

nufpg st}st} r's]sf 5g\.

cfl:ts / gfl:ts ljrf/sf]
kl/jf/leq x'g] Gsf] k|tLsfTds
Psf+sL jfbljjfb xf]. cfl:ts /
gfl:ts ljrf/sf] o'uf}+b]lvsf] o;
Gdf ;Gtfg / cfkmGtxn] b'j}
kIfnfO{aLrsf] af6f]df Nofpg ;kmn
ePsf] pbfx/0f o; Psf+sLdf k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5. b'a} kIfsf ts{ x
alnof / lj:tfl/t 5g\. Tolt x'bF fx'Fb}
klg gf6s b'j} kIfnfO{ aLrd} 5f8]/
cGTo ePsf] 5 / To;af6 eGg
vf]lhPsf] 5 ls of] ljjfb cGToxLg
5 / of] o'uf}+b]lv rn]sf] jftf{ cem}
o'uf}+ rln/xg] 5. ;Gtfg / cfkmGtx
To; ljjfbsf] aLrdf ;wF} kl//xg]
5g\ . To; gf6s dfkm{ t\ pgn]
JolStut :jtGqtfsf] kIfdf alnof]
ts{ k]; u/]sf 5g\. pgL kfq alxgL
dfkm{t\ eG5g\ csf{sf] cf:yfnfO{
ha/h:tL vl08t ub} { cfgf]
cfbz{sf] ef/L af]sfpg' lsdfy{ plrt
x'Gg. k"0f{:jtGq hGd]sf] dflg;nfO{
:jtGq g} /xg lbg'k5{. csf{sf]
:jtGqtfsf] wHhL p8fpg] :jtGqtf
s;}nfO{ klg 5}g. ;do ablnof],
k|lalw ablnP, ts{ / k|df0f ablnP
/ ;dfhdf ;DaGw klg ablnof].
olb xfdLn] ablnPsf] ;dfhdf ePsf
abnfjnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{;s]gf}+ eg]
xfdL ;do;Fu} lx8\g ;Sb}gf}+. xfdL
k5fl8 / ;do xfdLeGbf cufl8
k'lulbG5 t/ klv{Fb}g. s/f/ ljjfx
;dosf] kl/jt{g ;Fu} g]kfnL ;dfhdf
ePsf] ;DaGwsf] kl/efiffsf] abnfjsf]
d'vftl/t k xf]. of] gofF ax;sf]
laifo klg xf]. clxn] dflg;x emg\
klg emg\ cfTdlge{/ PsfTds x'bF 5
} g\.
;dfhsf] cfly{s / ;dflhs ;+/rgf
ablnPsf] 5. o; Psf+ s Ldf
s0f{sfGtnfO{ Pp6f crDdsf] kfq
agfP/ k|:t't ul/P klg p;sf ts{
c?sf eGbf csf6\o / alnof 5g\.
of] xfnsf] ;dfhdf v'Nndv'Nnf
cfOg;s]sf] laifodf yflnPsf] /fd|f]
ax; xf]. n]vsn] s0f{sfGt dfkm{t\
ljjfxsf] af/] o;/L cfgf] wf/0ff k];
u/]sf 5g\, hLjgsf x/ cfFwLa]x/Ldf
;fy kfpFbfdfq Tof] hf]8L pTs[i6
7flgG5. em} km};nf ug{] s'/f x}g

ljjfx. hfFrljrf/ u/]/dfq ljjfx

x'g'k5{. ljj]s, a'l4 / OlGb|ohGo
;'v kfpg b'O{ x[bo Ps 7fpF ldnL
;l/tfdf kl/0ft x'g'k5{. Tof] ;l/tf
g} b'js
} f] dgsf] ;l/tf xf]. s'zntfk"j{
hLjg ;~rfng ug{] xf] eg] ljjfx
cg'kd k|]d aG5. pgL lax] / k|d] sf
dfdnfdf cf]zf] /hlg;sf] ljrf/af6
cToGt} k|efljt ePsf] kfOG5. Psn
dlxnfnfO{ x]g]{ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] csf]{
kIfnfO{ n]vsn] gf6s bb{ dfkm{t\
cufl8 NofPsf 5g\. xfd|f] ;dfh
cem} klg ?9Lu|:t / k/Dk/fut /x]sf]
cj:yfdf Psn dlxnfn] s;/L
;fdflhs ;d:ofnfO{ em]n]/ cufl8
al9/x]sL 5g\ eg]/ pgn] k|:t't
u/]sf 5g\. ;dfhdf /fd|f kfqx
klg 5g\ h;n] g/fd|f k|yf lj?4sf]
n8fOdf ;fy lbg ;S5g\ eg] /
aanWjhh:tf kfqx n] v sn]
pEofpg] k| o f; u/] s f 5g\ .
k'?ifk|wfg ;dfhsf] 5fk / Pp6f
kl/jf/df k'?ifsf] cfjZostfnfO{ o;
gf6sn] :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5. t/ klg
gf6sdf s]xL c:jefljs jftf{x
e]l6G5g\. h:tf] ls d+h/Lsf] ;+jfb,
klxnf] e]6 d} To:tf] ;+jfb cln c;+ej
x'g] ub{5. To:t} k|ldnf / k|df]bsf]
ax;n] gf6snfO{ cufl8 n}hfFb}g.
Tof] ax; g/fVb}df gf6snfO{ s]xL
c;/ kb}{g. s]6fs]6Lxsf] jftf{sf
efiff klg lgs} ;flxlTos 5g\.
k|ldnfsf sltko ;+jfb lgs} nfdf
/ emsf]{nfUbf 5g\. aRrfxaf6
To:tf] ;+jfb af]Ng gnufP/ csf]{
s'g} pkfo vf]h]sf] eP a9L k|fs[lts
x'g] lyof]. t/ d+h/Lsf] dgf]jfb /fd|f]
/ lgisif{d'vL /x]sf] 5. aanWjh
/ k|sf;sf] pkl:ylt cGTo jf aLrdf
e}lbPsf] eP c;fWo} /fd|f] x'g] lyof].
gf6ssf] z'?jft / cGTosf] aLrdf
of+u 7\of+u gldn]sf] h:tf] cg'ej
x'g ;S5. k|df]bsf] afn;'ne /
efjgfnfO{ Psbd g} /fd|f];Fu k|:t't
ug{ n] v s ;kmn ePsf 5g\ .
gf6sdf ;d:ofnfO{ p7fg u/] klg
;Defljt ;fdfwfgnfO{ eg] vf;}
k|:t't ug{ gf6s c;kmn /x]sf] 5.
cfwf d]/f] cfwf ltd|f] xfd|f] ;dfhsf]
dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;DaGw / To;sf

ljljw kIfxsf] ljj]rgf xf]. of]

Pp6f dlxnfn] k'?if;Fu cfgf] xs
/ clwsf/ af/] u/]sf] Pp6f ax;
klg xf]. nIdLn] Ps 7fpFdf o;/L
;dfh af/] cfgf] cfqmf]z JoSt
ub{l5g, dnfO{ ltd|} kTgLsf kdf
x]g { rfxG5fF} eg] o; k'/ftgjfbL
;dfhn] wd{ ;+:s[lt clg k/Dk/fsf]
gfddf nfb]sf] of] lgodaf6 aflx/
cfpm. af6fsf x/]s tuf/f tf]8\b} /
kmf]8b\ } cfpm. d ltd|} ;fydf /xg]5'.
o; ;dfhn] xfd|f;fd' 3'8F f 6]Sg'k5{.
nIdLsf ;+ j fbx eg] Psbd}
;}4flGts b]lvG5g\ / Jofks cy{lbg]
vfnsf 5g\. gf6s k9\b} hfFbf cln
pkb]z h:tf] eof] ls eGg] efg x'G5.
alnof] ljrf/ ePsf] g/gfy crfgs
ablng' gf6sLoh:tf] b]lvG5.
;a} kfqx tyf :yfgx ;a} k
af6 g} z'? ul/Psf] h:tf] dlt p:t}
ult gf6snfO{ xf:ok|wfg agfpg]
sf]lz; ul/Psf] 5 t/ klg xf:o /;sf]
k|of]u eg] sd ePsf] 5. gf6sdf
nfdfnfdf ;+jfb eP klg ts{x
/dfOnf / oyfy{k/s 5g\.
o'u prfNg] cIf/sdL{sf] cj;fg
Ps k|ultzLn kqsf/, n]vs /
cf:yfsf] aGbLsf] dfld{s syf xf].
aGbLsf] cfgf] c8fg / cf:yfdf
cl8u 5 eg] abL{wf/Lxdf klg
cfgf] k];fk|ltsf] akmfbfl/tf 5.
Tof] b'O{ cj:yfsf] G dfkm{t\ gf6s
cufl8 a9]sf] 5. ;dfh abNg] ;f]r
/ JolStut hflu/ aLrsf]
cGt/lj/f]wsf] Pp6f aofg xf] of]
gf6s. gf6sdf Pp6f lab| f ] x L
n]vsnfO{ tTsfnLg ;/sf/n] lbPsf]
r/d oftgf, qm'/ Jojxf/ / tL ;a}nfO{
;lhn} ef]Ug tof/ x'g] kfqsf] ;fx;sf]
aofg 5 gf6sdf. gf6sdf efiff /
;+jfbsf] Psbd ldn]sf] eP klg
b[Zosf] k"0f{JofVof / dfxf]nsf] lj:t[t
cg'jfbnfO{ cem} /fd|f] agfpg ;lsg]
b]lvG5. g]kYosf] e"ldsfnfO{ aGbL
/ abL{ wf/Lsf dgsf s'/f vf]Ng]
dfWodsf] kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5.
vf;df pSt aGbL n]vs tyf kqsf/
:j= s[i0f;]g OR5's x'g / of] gf6s
pg}n] h]nleq ef]u]sf] kL8fsf] aofg
xf]. kL8f ;fdflhs s'/Lltxsf

la?4 dfgl;s, zf/Ll/s, ln+u e]bn]

kLl8t o'jtL / Ps cfbz{jfg blnt
cwa}+;]sf] syf xf]. o; gf6sdf
n]vsn] ;"qwf/sf] clwstd k|of]u
u/L syf cufl8 a9fPsf 5g\ .
pkb] z h:tf nfUg] nfdf ;+ j fb,
af]nLrfnLsf] efiffsf] cefjn] st} st}
clns kTof/nfUbf] nfUbf] eP klg
e|i6frf/, cTofrf/, lje]b la?4sf]
cfjfhdf pgL :ki6 ;d:of / ;dfwfg
;lxt plqPsf 5g\. cg]s tfdf
Pstf eGg] egfOnfO{ k|lgltlwd"ns
kfqx v8f u/]/ ;a} kfqxnfO{
cfgf /fd|f / g/fd|f kIfdf hfgsf/
agfP/ pgL Pstf gf6s /Rg ;kmn
ePsf 5g\ . gf6sdf cfdfnfO{
d]nldnfksf] dWod agfP/ ;d:ofsf]
;dfwfg vf]lhPsf] 5. gf6sn] dfu
/ ;dfwfg, st{Jo, clwsf/ / v'zLsf]
;Gt' n g u/] s f] 5. cf] z f] s f]
k|]d;DaGwL ts{x, em'7f] cfl:tstf
/ ;To gfl:tstf aLrsf] ax;nfO{
n]vs gd| lagd| dfkm{t\ cufl8
NofPsf 5g\. ljifo j:t'sf] p7fg
l7s ePklg kfq rogdf eg] pgL
s]xL r'ss
] f] b]lvG5. kfq gljgf dfq
( sIffdf k9\g] ljBfyL{ x'g / klg
pgL nfdf bfz{lgs ;+jfbdf kf]Vt
l5g\. gf6sdf Tof] cln v8\lsg]
b]lvG5. 5fqfx ;a} oyfl:yltjfbL
/ 5fqx ljb|f]xL b]vfO{ lzIff If]qdf
ePsf] Jofkf/Ls/0f / To;sf]
gsf/fTds k|e fjsf] k|tLsfTds
k|:t'lt ug{vf]lhPsf] gf6s gfd ltd|f]
sfd xfd|f]sf] ;du| ;+bz
] g} Pstfa4
eP/ u/]sf] ljb|f]x dfq ;kmn x'G5
eGg] xf]. k'/} 5fq /fd|f / k'/} 5fq
g/fd|f x'g' rflx+ gf6ssf] sdhf]/ kIf
xf]. oyfy{tf To:tf] x'bF g} . JolStut
kl/jt{gn] ;dfhsf] kl/jt{g ug{
;S5 eGg] cfbz{ljrf/ / /fhgLlt
g} ;a} s'/fsf] s]Gb| xf] eGg] ;+b]z 5
gf6s kl/jt{ g df. kf6L{ x sf]
;+/If0fdf x'g] cfly{s clgoldttf,
clws sdfpg] nfnrleq klg cfbz{
;dfhsf] kl/sNkgf / To;sf]
cfbz{jfbL dfu{ b]vfpg] k|of; u/]sf]
5 o; gf6sn]. n]vs g/fd|f]leq
klg eO/fv]sf /fd|f sfdxnfO{
;sf/fTds kn] k|:t't ug]{ k|of;df

OR5'saskqnfO{ lgofNbf
gGbnfnsf] klxnf] /rgf pko{'Qm
sljtf eP klg pgnfO{ ;a}eGbf
dgkg{] ljwf rflxF lgaGw xf]. pgsf]
klxnf] lgaGwsf] k|sfzg @)^@ df
x8\ a l8Psf dgsf cIf/x
zLif{sdf ePsf] 5. To;kl5 pgn]
cfkm\ g f l;h{ g fTdstfsf] ljz] if
pkof]u lgaGwsf If]qdf ub{} cfPsf
5g\ . o;} s f] kl/0ffd OR5' s
askq gfds k| : t' t s[ lt xf] ,
h;d f
; dfhdf
J ofKt
lj;\ultxnfO{ dfld{s 9\ udf
;fIfft\ kfl/Psf] 5.
OR5' s askq gfds of]
k' : ts gGbn fnsf aL; j6f
lgaGwxsf] la6f] xf]. ;a} lgaGwx
lghfTds, cfTdk/s / ;flxlTos
kf/fsf 5g\. pgn] k|To]s lgaGw
cfkm\g} lsl;dsf] kqfTds 9fFrfdf
n]v]sf 5g\. kq ePkl5 To;df
s;}nfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] x'G5.
OR5'saskqdf ;\slnt k|To]s
lgaGwdf s;} g s;}nfO{ ;Daf]wg
ul/Ps} 5. /rgf ;Daf]wgfTds
x'gfsf] tfTko{ Tof] s;}k|lt pb\lbi6
x'g' xf]. h'g /rgf h;k|lt pb\lbi6
x'G5 p;}nfO{ dfWod agfP/ ;a}
s'/fx elgPsf] x'G5. o; k|sf/sf]
k| :t'ltdf cfTdLotf, lgs6tf /
ljZj;gLotf x'G5. oL ljz]iftf
k| : t' t ;F u fnfdf klg k| z :t}

df]xg/fh zdf{
kfOG5g\.
o;df ;FuflnPsf] klxnf] lgaGw
O R5 ' s a sk q df k l / l r t
dxf]bonfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ /fhg}lts
a] lyltn] sndhLjLsf] kf} /vnfO{
cjd"Nog u/]sf] b]vfO{ Ps n]vsn]
cfkm\gf] :ki6f]lSt ;fj{hlgs ug]{
dfWod kqnfO{ agfPsf] s' / f
b]vfOPsf] 5. nIdLnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ul/Psf] bf];|f] lgaGwdf dxFuL /
cefjsf sf/0f k|d] ug{] ;do g/x]sf]
u'gf;f] t'saGbLo'Qm nofTds efiffdf
ul/Psf] 5. t] ; | f ] lgaGw k' 0 o
sfsL{ n fO{ ;Daf] w g u/L s' / f]
a\UofP/ cnfO{ kmF;fpg' x'Gg eGg]
tYo cfTdljj/0ffTds 9\udf JoQm
ul/Psf] 5. rf}Fyf] kq lzIff ;DaGwL
ePsfn] lzIfsHo" nfO{ ;Daf] lwt
5. o;df s:tf] lzIff lbg] / s:tf]
glbg] eGg] ljifosf] cfsif{s k|:t'lt
/x] sf] 5. lzIff ljifos} kfFrf} +
lgaGwdf lk|l G;knnfO{ ;Daf]w g
u/L ljifosf] k|:t'lt xf:oJo\UofTds
9\udf ul/Psf] 5.
n] v sHo" n fO{ ;Daf] w g u/] /
n] lvPsf] 5} 7 f} + lgaGwdf bfOhf]
k|yfnfO{ d'Vo ljifo agfOPsf] 5.

cleefjsHo" k| lt pb\ lbi6 ;ftf} +

lgaGwdf z} l Ifs k| z f;gsf
lj;\ultx 5n{\UofOPsf] 5. km]l/
n]vsHo"nfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] cf7f}+
lgaGwdf n]vss} ;d:of b;f{OPsf]
5. o; df ljz] i f u/L
k| s fzg;DaGw L ; d:of /
kfl/>ldssf] cefjsf] d' b \ b f
hf]8tf]8sf ;fy p7fOPsf] 5. gjf}+
lgaGwdf lk|o ldqnfO{ s'/f ;'gfpg]
sfd ul/Psf] 5. o;df clt k|]d
ug{' x'Fb}g, lsgeg] clt k|]dn] qmf]w
/ qmf]wn] d[To' lgDTofpF5 eGg] ;Gb]z
k|;fl/t ul/Psf] 5. b;f}F lgaGwdf
g u/ / I fs n fO{ ; Daf] w g ub{ }
e|i6frf/nfO{ k|d'v ljifo agfOPsf]
5. o;df 3'; lng]eGbf 3'; lbg]
7"nf] ck/fwL xf] eGg] dfGotf cl3
;fl/Psf] 5.
P3f/f} F n] v df kf7sa[ G b;F u
aft dfl/Psf] 5. o;df n]vs
hGdG5, d5{, t/ p;sf s[ltsf]
;'/Iff kf7sn] ug{'k5{ eGg] s'/f]
;'e mfpFb} lgaGwsf/n] jt{d fgdf
kf7ss} cefj /x]sf] tYotkm{ ;+s]t
u/] s f 5g\ . b] z nfO{ ;Daf] w g
ul/Psf] af/f}+ lgaGwdf b]zs} v/fa

cj:yfsf] lrq0f /x]sf] 5. o;

lgaGwsf] ;dflKt sljtfaf6
ul/Psf] 5. t]/f}+ lgaGwdf lzIfs
;fyLnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L lzIff /
lzIfssf] bzf Pj+ lbzfaf/] k|sfz
kfl/Psf] 5. rf} w f} F lgaGwdf
dxfz"Go gfds kfqsf] /rgf u/L
pm h:t} aGg] rfxgf JoQm ul/Psf]
5. a]g fdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/Psf]
kGw|f}+ lgaGwdf ;'ljwfsf] b'kof]u
gug{ elgPsf] 5.
g]tfnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/ n]lvPsf]
;f]/f}+ lgaGwdf efuaG8] gLltpk/
Jo\ U o sl;Psf] 5. o;df
dL7f]dl;gf] cfkm\gf] efudf kfg{]
/0fgLlt lng" eg]/ g]tfdfly rf]l6nf]
k|xf/ klg ul/Psf] 5. r]nLnfO{
;Daf]lwt ;qf}+ lgaGwdf c;kmnnfO{
b'Tsfg{] k|j[lQsf] b'ikl/0ffd b]vfOPsf]
5. d}lynL efifL Pp6L r]nLnfO{
dfWod agfO{ o;df z} l I fs
lj;\ultn] NofPsf] qf;b cj:yfsf]
efjk"0f{ lrq0f 5. c7f/f}+ lgaGwdf
;v8fb]j LnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L wfld{s
lj;\ultsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] 5.
hflu/bftfnfO{ ;Daf] wg ul/Psf]
pGgfO;f}+ lgaGwdf rfnL; jif{sf]
pd]/ kf/ u/]kl5 hflu/ gkfOg]
s'/fdf u'gf;f] ul/Psf] 5. clGtd
aL;f}+ lgaGw k|w fgdGqLk|lt pb\lbi6
5 / dw] ; sf g] tfxsf] s} / g

5g\. kl/jt{g la/f]wLx ;+ul7t eO{

s;/L ckmjfx km}nfpG5g\ eGg] gf6s
5n5fd 5fQ] 5 kf6L{ / b'O{5f]/Lxsf]
eljio / bfOhf]sf] lrGtfdf 8'a]sf]
lzIfs / lzIfgdf Jofkf/ u/]sf]
JolSt lk|lG;kn aLrsf] cGt/lj/f]w,
bfOhf] dgf]lj1fgn] cfgf] k"0f{Ifdtfsf]
k|of]u ug{gkfPsf] cj:yf lzIfs /
JolStut ;d:of / ;fdflhs
kl/jt{g af/] ax; xf] gf6s bfOhf].
b]z x/fPsf] gf6s Pp6f kfqsf]
dgf]lj1fg xf] h;sf] b]z x/fPsf] 5
/ aiff}{+b]lv pM Pp6f cfbz{jfg b]zsf]
vf]hLdf 5. b]z k'g;+/{ rgf u/L Pp6f
pGgltzLn agfpg] rfxgf 5 /fVb5
pM. clGtd gf6s kl/ro !&
k|b]zsf k|ltlglw kfqx hf] cfgf]
cfgf] k|b]z, hflt, / ;d'bfosf],
If]qsf] ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds, /fd|f
/ g/fd|f s'/fxsf] j0f{g ub{5g /
hfGb5g\ ;a} 7fpFdf kLl8t / kL8s
/x]sf 5g\, c;n / v/fa ;a} 7fpFdf
/x]sf 5g\. ;a}sf] cfgf] k/Dk/f
;+:s[lt /x]sf] / ;a} ldn]/ hfg'k5{
;+ 3 Lotfn] b] z 6' l qmF b } g eGg]
;+b]zd'ns of] gf6s ;d;fdlos
d'2fdf /fd|f] syfsf] p7fg xf]. gf6s
;+u|xs} pTs[i6 gf6s g} oxL xf] eGg]
nfUb5.
;du| d f, s] x L gf6sxdf
;fwf/0f af]nLrfnLsf] efiffsf] cefj
/ kfqxsf] ;flxlTos efiffdf nfdf
nfdf aftf{ gf6sLo nfUb5g\. s]xL
gf6sxdf :yfg / kfqxsf] gfd
Pp6} cIf/af6 /fv]/ gofFkg lbg
vf]lhPsf] b]lvG5. sltko gf6sdf
laifosf] p7fgdf sfNklgstfsf]
Hofbf xfjL b]lvG5 eg] n]vsLo
;f}Gbo{sf] cefj To:t} ;a} gf6sdf
r/d pTsif{ s f] laGb' ge] l 6g'
gf6sxsf sdhf]/L x'g\. tyflk
;a} gf6sxn] ;xL d'2fsf] p7fg,
ax; / lj:tf/ ub}{ ;dfhdf Gofo,
;bfrf/, k|]d, ldng, Pstf, zflGt
/ ;Tosf] kIfdf n]vsn] cfkm"nfO{
pEofPsf 5g\. cfrfo{n] o; gf6s
;+u|xdf ;dfh / kl/jf/df 3l6/x]sf
;;fgf d'2fxnfO{ ldlxg kn]
s]nfPsf 5g\.
b]vfOPsf] 5.
;fnfvfnf eGg'kbf{ pko{'Qm ;a}
lgaGwxdf lghfTdstfsf] ulx/f]
5fk 5. k|f oM h;f] lgaGw dsf]
syg ePsfn] lghL cg' e " l tsf]
cleJolQm ljZj;gLo ePsf] 5.
lghfTdstfsf sf/0f lgaGwx
df} lns ag]s f 5g\. lgaGwsf/sf]
lghL cg' e " l tsf sf/0f ljleGg
lgaGwxdf ;fdfGotof leGgfleGg}
:jfb pTkGg ePsf] 5.o;df
lzIff;DaGwL lgaGwx a9L eP
klg lgaGwsf/n] ljljw ljifonfO{
cF ufn L cfT d b[ li6s f] 0 f /
cfTdlgj]bgsf] k|If]k0f u/]sf 5g\.
cfn\sfl/s efiff, snfTds egfO
/ dfld{s k|:t'ltsf sf/0f ;a}h;f]
lgaGwx k|efjk"0f{ ePsf 5g\.
sltko /rgfdf Jo\ Uosf] k|o f]u
u/L tLa| s6fIf xfGg] sfd klg
ul/Psf] 5. o;df ;\ s lnt
lgaGwxdf efiffz}nL, ljifo /
pb\b]Zosf] tfnd]n ldn]sf] x'Fbf tL
;fy{s / ;kmn kdf ;+/lrt
5g\ . o;df k/] s f ;a} h ;f]
lgaGwx dfld{s, efjgfTds / dg
5'g ] vfnsf 5g\. x/]s lgaGwdf
;d;fdlos oyfy{ s f] ;' G b/
cleJolQm /x]sf] 5. lgaGwsf/sf]
cleJolQm lzNk ;x|fgfof]Uo 5.
cGTodf, lgaGwsf/ gGbnfn
cfrfo{sf] l;h{gfsf If]qdf o;}u/L
lg/Gt/ k| ult x'F b} hfcf]; \ eGg]
sfdgf JoQm ub{} d cfkm\g f] egfO
6'\ UofpF5 '.

sf]O/fnf ;/sf/sf] ;o lbg] ofqf

;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] bn g]kfnL
sfFu|];sf ;efklt ;'lzn sf]O/fnsf]
g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ ag]sf] !)) lbg
k'u]sf] 5. zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf]
sfo{ ug{ :yflkt sf]O/fnf ;/sf/n]
ljljw 9+un] cfgf] ;o lbg ofqf
to u/] sf] 5. ;/sf/n] u/] s f
ljleGg sfo{ jf/] cfd gful/sn]
ljleGg wf/0ffx JoQm u/]sf 5g\.
;/sf/sf] sfo{z}nL / Jojxf/sf]

pl7/x]sf 5g\. ct ;/sf/n] ;o

lbgdf rfn]sf sbdxsf] af/]df
rrf{ ug{ rfxG5'. ;fy} ;/sf/n] ug{
kg]{ t/ ug{ g;s]sf sfo{x af/]df
klg rrf{ ubf{ ;fGble{s 7x{nf.
;/sf/ lgdf{ 0 fsf] cfwf/
;+ljwfg ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{
clwsf+z /fhgLlts bnsf] b'O{ ltxfO{
eGbf a9L dtjf6 lgdf{0f ePsf]
sf]O/fnf ;/sf/ k|fljlws kdf lgs}

sf/0fn] ubf{ pgL cfnf] r gfsf]

eflubf/ ePsf 5g\. cfg} kf6L{sf]
Ps tKsfsf] ;dy{ g gkfPsf
sf] O /fnfn] kf6L{ leqaf6 ;d] t
;f]r]hlt ;xof]u / ;dy{g kfpg
;s]sf 5}gg\. jl/i7 g]tf z]/axfb'/
b]pjf kIf / pk ;efklt /fdrGb|
kf}8]nn] ;'? b]lvg} Tolt ;sf/fTds
e"ldsf gv]Nbf k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnf
cfg} ;xsdL{af6 ;d]t c;xof]u

o'j/fh ;kmn
;/sf/ u7g ePsf] tLg
dlxgf ljTbf ;d]t kLl8t
gful/ssf] nflu hgkIfLo
/fxftsf] sfo{qmd Nofpg
;/sf/ r'ss
] f] 5. cfd
gful/s cfh ljleGg
;d:ofdf lklN;P/ a;]sf
5g\ t/ klg pgLxsf]
;d:of h:tfsf] t:t} 5.
si6s/ hLjg lhpg jfWo
ePsf ;j{;fwf/0fx ;/sf/af6 cfgf] kIfdf sfo{qmd
cfpg] cf;df lyP t/ pgLxsf] cf;f lg/fzfdf kl/0ft
ePsf] 5. kL8fsf 3fpaf6 cfqmfGt ePsf ltgLx
;/sf/n] cfgf] kIfdf s]xL gu/]sf] b]Vbf h"g hf]uL
cfP klg sfg} lr/]sf] eGg] pvfg ;Dem]/ a;]sf 5g\ .
/fxftsf] abnf ljleGg ;d:of kf/]/ cfxft kfg]{
;/sf/sf] /j}ofn] pgLx ;/sf/ ;Dem]/ r'Sr'sfpg
yfn]sf 5g\.
)))))
;'zLn sf]O/fnf k|wfgdGqL ePkl5 g]kfnL hgtfn]
ck|Tofl;t dxFuL / d"No j[ln] lslt{dfgL sfod uof]. vfBGg,
cGo b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t'df / ljz]ift k]6f l] nod kbf{ydf
csNklgo d'Noj[l eof]. o;sf lj? ljleGg ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn]
rsf]{ lj/f]w u/]kl5 ;/sf/ cfkm"n] u/]sf] ljjfbf:kb lg0f{oaf6
kl5 x6\b} cf+lzs kdf d"Noj[l lkmtf{ lng afWo eof]. ct M
sf]O/fnf g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/n] cfgf] !)) lbg] sfo{sfndf dxFuL
/ d"Noj[l u/]/ g]kfnL gful/ssf] 9f8 ;]Sg] sfd u/]sf] 5.
jf/]df klg y'k|} u'gf;fx cfPsf
5g\. b}lgs k|zf;lgs sfo{ b]lv cGo
If]qdf x'g] u/]sf sfo{xnfO{ lnP/
olt v]/ ;/sf/sf] !)) lbgsf
pknAwL s] s] x'g egL k|Zgx

alnof] ;fljt ePsf] 5. ;/sf/

hlt;'s} alnof] eP klg sf]O/fnf
eg] Oltxf;d} ;a} e Gbf sdhf] /
k|wfgdGqLsf] kdf b]vfk/]sf 5g\.
;dod} lg0f{o ug{ g;Sg] nufotsf

Joj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgfsf] k|lta4tf

sf7df8f}F . Joj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo g]kfnsf
@% j6f lhNNff -wg'iff, ;nf{xL, dxf]Q/L, /f}tx6, af/f, k;f{, lrtjg, wflb,
sf7df8f}F, nlntk'/, sfe]k|nf~rf]s, gjnk/f;L, tgxF', ndh', sf:sL,
:ofhf, kfNkf, kGb]xL, slknj:t', bf, ;'v]{t, afFs], alb{of, s}nfnL /
s~rgk'/_ lglb{i6 s[lif pkhxsf] d"No z[\vnfdf cfa4 ;fgf s[ifs,
s[lif Joj;foL tyf pBdLsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ ug{' /x]sf] 5.
of] cfof]hgf @)^% >fj0faf6 ;~rflnt 5. of] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ cfof]hgfaf6
;Dkfbg ul/g] sfo{x lgDg s'/fdf s]lGb|t x'g]5g\
!_ s[ifs ;d"x / ;xsf/L ;+:yfxnfO{ nfek|b ahf/d'vL pTkfbgdf
;xefuL x'g ;xof]u ug{] . ;fy} cfjZos k|ljlw, ;"rgf, ;]jf / ;fj{hlgs
k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yfdfkm{t\ ahf/df kxF'r / s[lif Joj;fo cfa4tfdf
;'wf/ Nofpg].
@_ d"No z[v
\ nfsf] b[li6n] pTkfbs, Jofkf/L, k|zf]wgstf{ / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfxnfO{
;d]t ;d]6L pBf]udf cfwfl/t ;fem]bf/Ltfsf] ljsf; ug{] .
#_ s[lif / vfB Jofkf/df ljBdfg afwf Jojwfg 36fpg] Pj+ s[ifsx /
s[lif Joj;foLxsf] bIftf clej[l4 ub{} cfGtl/s Pj+ cGt/f{li6o
ahf/sf] u'0f:t/ cg'ksf] :jR5 / :j:y vfB j:t'xsf] pTkfbg
ug{ ;xof]u ug{].
;Nnf3f/L, dxf/fhuGh , sf7df8f}F
kmf]g M (&&)!$)!&&^%, ofS; M (&&)!$#&#@#^
Email:mail@pact.gov.np,Website:www.pact.gov.np

ePsf] u'gf;f] ug{ yfn]sf 5g\.

sfFu|]; / Pdfn] aLr ePsf] ^
a'Fb] ;xdltsf] sf/0f of] ;/sf/sf]
u7g ePsf] xf] . cl3NNff]
;+ljwfg;efn] u/]sf] sfdsf] :jfldTj
u|x0f ug]{, tTsfn :yfgLo lgsfosf]
lgjf{rg ug]{ / sfFu;
]| g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/
u7gkl5 Pdfn]sf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/
u7g ug]{, tTsfn ;/sf/sf] Go'gtd
;femf gLlt tyf sfo{qmd tof/ u/L
nfu' ug]{ nufotsf ^ a'Fb] ;Demf}tf
g} jt{dfg ;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/
xf]. oxL ^ a'Fb] ;xdltsf] cfwf/df
g} of] ;/sf/ u7g ePsf] xf].
tTsfn ;/sf/nfO{ k" 0 f{t f lbg
c;kmn
k|wfgdGqL tTsfn ;/sf/nfO{
k"0f{tf lbg] dfldnfdf c;kmn b]lvP.
;Qfsf] d'Vo ;fem]bf/ g]skf Pdfn];uF
ePsf] ^ a'Fb] ;xdltnfO{ sfof{Gjog
ug]{ ljifodWo] Pdfn]nfO{ u[xdGqfno
lbg x'g] / gx'g] jLrdf cgfjZos
ljjfb x'Fbf nueu Ps dlxgf;Dd
Ps hgf dGqLsf] e/df k|wfgdGqL
sf]O/fnfn] ;/sf/ ;+rfng ug{' kof].
aNn aNn g]s kf Pdfn]n fO{ u[x
dGqfno lbP/ /} ePklg pgn] nfdf]
;dokl5 ;/sf/nfO{ k" 0f{tf lbg

sf]l;; u/]sf 5g\ oBlk cem};Dd

;/sf/n] k"0f{tf kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g.
o; sf/0f k|wfgdGqLn] ;/sf/ u7g
ePsf] !)) lbg ljTbf ;d]t cfgf]
dlGqkl/ifb\nfO{ k"0f{ agfpg ;s]sf
5}gg\.
kl xn f ] k 6s g } lj jf bf :k b
cleJolQmdf lslt{ d fgL sfod
k|wfgdGqL ePsf] s]xL lbgd}
k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn sf]O/fnfn] cfkm"
lgjf{lrt If]q afFs]df uP/ 6gsk"/
g]kfnsf] e"ld x}g egL ljjfbf:kb
tyf /fi6b|f]xL cleJolQm lbP. pgsf]
;f] cleJolQmn] /fli6 o tyf
cGt/f{li6o kdf cfnf]rgf / ljjfb
l;h{gf ug]{ sfo{ uof]. lul/hfk|;fb
sf]O/fnfn] 6gsk"/ a]Rof] elg eGg'
unt s'/f xf], 6gsk'/ ef/tLo e"ld
xf] sf]O/fnfsf] olx cleJolQmn] g}
ljjfb pTkGg ePsf] lyof] .
k|wfgdGqL h:tf] kbdf cfl;g ePsf
JolQmn] cfgf] b]zsf] /fli6otfsf]
ljifonfO{ ;d]t Vofn g/fvL hyfefjL
af]Nbf gful/sn] To;sf] lj/f]w ug'{
:jfefljs} xf].
;+ l jwfg ;efnfO{ k" 0 f{ t f lbg
c;kmn
dlGqkl/ifb\f/f lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{
@^ ;ef;b\ rog ug{ klg k|wfgdGqL
tyf ;/sf/ c;kmn ePsf 5g\.
;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj x'g g;s]sf
zlQm, cflbjf;L hghflt tyf
/fi6sf k|ltli7t JolQmTjnfO{ rog
ug'{ eGg] p2]ZonfO{ nTofpb} @^
l;6nfO{ bnLo efujG8f ug] {
;' / s;] s f kf6L{ x sf] sf/0f
k| w fgdGqL sf] O /fnfn] dgf] g og
;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ g;s]sf] rrf{ rNg
yfn]sf] 5. l9n} ePklg ;jf]{Rr
cbfntn] !% lbgleq ;/sf/n]
dgf]lgt ug]{ ;ef;b\ rog ug'{ eGg]
cfb]z lbPsf] 5.
d+ x uL / d" Noj[ l df lslt{d fgL
;' z Ln sf] O /fnf k| w fgdGqL
ePkl5 g]kfnL hgtfn] ck|Tofl;t
dxFuL / d"No j[ln] lslt{dfgL sfod
uof]. vfBGg, cGo b}lgs pkef]Uo
j:t'df / ljz]ift k]6f]lnod kbf{ydf
csNklgo d'Noj[l eof]. o;sf
lj? ljleGg ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] rsf]{
lj/f]w u/]kl5 ;/sf/ cfkm"n] u/]sf]
ljjfbf:kb lg0f{ o af6 kl5 x6\ b}
cf+lzs kdf d"Noj[l lkmtf{ lng
afWo eof]. ct M sf]O/fnf g]t[Tjsf]
;/sf/n] cfgf] !)) lbg] sfo{sfndf
dxF uL / d" Noj[ l u/] / g] k fnL
gful/ssf] 9f8 ;]Sg] sfd u/]sf] 5.
Kf| x /L clws[ t xsf] a9' j f ug{
c;I f d
To;} u/L sf]O /fnf ;/sf/n]
g]kfn k|x/Lsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{
ljleGg pRr kbdf a9'jf Pjd\ kb
k"lt{ ug{ ;s]g. To;n] ubf{ k|x/Lsf]
sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf lgs} c;lhnf] ePsf]
5. k|x/Lsf] pRr lgsfo k|d'vljlxg
x'bF f zflGt;'/Iffnufot cGo sfo{ ug{
c;lhnf] dxz'; ePsf] 5. Ifdtf,
of] U otf / bIftf ePsf k| x /L
clws[txnfO{ pko'Qm lhDd]jf/L
lbg klg sf]O/fnf ;/sf/ c;kmn
tyf c;Ifd ePsf] b]lvG5.
; jf ] { R r sf
c :y f o L
Go f o lw zx s f ] D of b yK g
c;kmn
b]zsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] Goflos
s] G b| s f] kdf :yflkt ;jf] { R r
cbfntdf sf]O/fnf ;/sf/s} kfnfdf
cf7 c:yfoL Goflwzxsf] Dofb
;lsPsf] 5. ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf /xL
dxTjk"0 f{ lhDd] jf/L axg u/]s f
cg'elj tyf bIf Gofolwzsf] Dofb
yKg ;/sf/ k" 0 f{ kdf c;kmn
;fljt eof]. Gofo If]qdf plrt
;'wf/sf sfo{qmd ug{ t k/sf] s'/f
ePs} Goflwzsf] ;]jf calw a9fpg
g;Sbf ;/sf/sf] nfrf/Lkg pbf\uf]

ePsf] 5.
ljjfbf:kb JolQmx ;jf] {R rsf]
Goflwzdf l;kmfl/;
sf]O/fnf ;/sf/s} !)) lbg]
sfo{sfnsf] cf;kf;df kl5Nnf] ;do
ljjfbf:kb JolQmxnfO{ ;jf] {Rr
cbfntsf] Goflwzsf] kdf lgo'Qmsf]
nflu l;kmfl/z ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5.
Gofokl/ifb\n] l;kmfl/z u/]sf gfdx
dfly ljleGg kf6L{, gful/s ;dfh,
;/sf/sf s] x L dGqL / :jo+ d
Gofokl/ifb\ s } s] x L ;b:oxn]
c;xdlt hgfO/x] s f 5g\ en}
l;kmfl/z ePsfxsf] af/]df ;+;bLo
;'g'jfO{ hf/L 5. :jR5 5lj ePsf
JolQmxnfO{ ;jf]{ Rr cbfntsf]
Gofolwz agfpg kg]{df ljjflbt
5ljsf JolQmnfO{ Gofo If]qdf leq\ofO{
l;+uf] Gofo If]qnfO{ sdhf]/ kfg{
sf]O /fnf ;/sf/sf] Wofg k'u]s f]
b]lvG5.
c;Gt' i 6 kIf ;Fu jft f { tyf
;xdlt ug{ c;kmn
bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf]
ljkIfdf pleb}F slyt lgjf{rgsf]
pkdf lbb}F ;zQm alxisf/ u/]sf]
t]lQ; bnLo df]rf{ -xfn t]lQ; bnLo
/fli6 o df] r f{ _;F u of] ;/sf/n]
cf}krfl/s kdf s'g} ;/;Nnfx /
k/fdz{ ug{;s]sf] 5}g. c;Gt'i6
/x]sf df]rf{ cfgf] c8fgaf6 kl5
x6]sf] 5}g eg] ;/sf/ klg cfgf]
:yfgdf cl8u ePsf] 5.
cfgf] ljleGg dfu /fVb}
cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf] df]rf{n] at{dfg
;+ljwfg;efsf] lj36g ug{' kg]{ dfunfO{
cl3 ;f/]sf] 5. t/ ;/sf/n] o;
;DaGwdf s'g} k|ltlqmof lbg;s]sf]
5}g. oyfl:yltdf ;+ljwfg ag] klg
Tof] w]/} ;do gl6Sg] hfGbf hfGb} klg
sf]O/fnf lsg c;Gt'i6 kIf;Fu jftf{
ug{ rflx/x]sf 5}gg\, crDd nfUbf]
ljifo ePsf] 5.
Ps jif{leq} ;+ljwfg lbg] pwf/f]
jf rf
;/sf/sf] !)) lbgs} cjlwdf
sf]O/fnf ;/sf/ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ Ps
jif{leq} ;+ljwfg lbg] pwf/f] jfrf ug{
yfn]sf] 5. ;+ljwfg oqf] cjlw;Dd
;+ljwfg;efnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg g;s]sf]
;/sf/ ca xfjfsf] tfndf Ps jif{leq}
;+ljwfg lbg] xfjfbf/L s'/f ul//x]5.
ljutsf jif{xdf klg o:tf em'6f]
jfrf w]/}k6s ;'lgPsf] xf]. ct of]
;/sf/ km]l/ klg g]kfnL hgtfnfO{
Ps jif{leq} gofF ;+ljwfg lbg] pwf/f]
jfrf jfFWg cu|;/ ePsf] 5.
:yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgdf hf]8
;/sf/ Uf7gsf] a]nf ePsf] ^ a'Fb]
;Demf}tf cg'k sfFu|]; Pdfn]sf
g]tfx oltv]/ :yfgLo lgsfosf]
lgjf{rgdf hf]8 lbb}F o;sf] kIfdf
cfjfh p7fO{ /x]sf 5g\. :yfgLo
lgsfodf hgk|ltlglw gx'bF f e|i6frf/
a9]sf] eGb} pgLx cljnDj :yfgLo
lgsfosf] lgjf{rg ug{ dfu ul//x]sf
5g\ . b]z ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf hfG5
eGg] s'/f hfGbf hfGb} ltgLx lsg
Psxf]/f] kdf :yflgo lgsfosf]
lgjf{rgsf] dfu ul//x]sf 5g\< cfd
gful/s 5Ss k/]sf 5g\. s;} s;}n]
eg] ;+3Lotfdf ghfgsf] nflu sfFu;
|]
Pdfn]sf g]tfxn] kf;f kmfn]sf x'g\ .
oqf] jif{;Dd klg :yfgLo lgsfosf]
lgjf{rgdf d"v gvf]ns
] f kf6L{x cfh
/ftf/ft :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgsf]
kIfdf pleg'nfO{ ;a}n] cfZro{sf ;fy
x]/s
] f 5g\.
gu/kflnsf 3f]i f0ff ug{ xtf/f]
b]zdf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] oqf] sfd
rNb} u/]sf] tyf ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf d'ns
'
hfg nfu]sf] a]nf cs:dft ;/sf/n]
gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff ul//x]sf] 5. ;+3Lo
;+/rgfdf hfFbf ef]ln s'g s'g lhNnfsf]
l;dfgf sxfF k'Ug] xf] eGg] s'/fsf] 6'u+ f]
cem} gnflu;s]sf] sf/0f ;/sf/n]

clxn] u/]sf] gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff ug]{

sbdn] kl5 cK7\of/f] kfg]{ b]lvG5.
;+ l jwf g;e f sf
ljif out
;ldltdf ;e fklt rog ug{
c;kmn
Ps jif{leq} ;+ljwfg hf/L ug]{
s;d vfPsf] ;/sf/ tyf
;+ ljwfg;efn] cfhsf] ldlt;Dd
;+ ljwfg;efsf ;Dk" 0 f{ ljifout
;ldltxdf ;efklt rog ug{ ;s]sf]
5}g. To;n] ubf{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf
;d:of kl//x]sf] 5. ;+ljwfg;efsf]
lgjf{rg ePsf] ^ dlxgf lalt;Sbf
klg ljifout ;ldltxdf ;efklt
rog gugf{n] rfF8} ;+ljwfg lbG5f}F elg
lbgsf] bz k6s k|lt1f ug]{ ;/sf/sf]
3f]if0ffn] xfjf vfPsf] 5
;+ l jwf g lgdf{ 0 f sf ljjflbt
ljifosf] ufF7f] km'sfpg c;kmn
lxhf] h'g sf/0fn] ;+ljwfg ag]g,
Tof] sf/0fsf] ;dfwfg cem} ePsf] 5}g.
/fHo k"g{ ;+/rgf, zf;sLo :jKf
nufotsf] ljjfbx hxfFsf] txLF 5.
;/sf/n] ljjflbt ljifoxdf ;xdlt
ug] { k| o f; ;d] t u/] s f] 5} g .
c;xdltsf a'Fbfx HoFs
' f ToF' 5g\.
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf oqf] c;xdltnfO{
;xdltdf Nofpg s'g} cf}krfl/s
5nkmnsf] cfof]hgf ug{ ;/sf/n] s'g}
rf;f] lbPsf] 5}g. ;/sf/sf] ;o lbg]
ofqfdf o; s'/fn] s'g} :yfg gkfPsf]
b]lvG5.
;+ j } w flgs t yf s' 6 gLlt s
lgsfodf lgo'lQm ug{ c;kmn
;/sf/ lgdf{0f ePsf] !)) lbg
ljTbf ;d]t ;/sf/n] ljleGg b]zdf
/fhb'txsf] lgo'lQm ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g.
To:t} ljleGg ;+jw} flgs lgsfox Kflg
kbflwsf/Lljlxg h:t} ag]sf 5g\.
/fhb'txsf] lgo'lQm ug{ g;Sbf
g]kfnsf] 5lj cGt/f{li6o kd} lju|g
yfn]sf] 5 eg] ;+j}wflgs lgsfodf
k|d"v rog gubf{ sfo{ ug{ c;lhnf]
ePsf] 5.
h gkIfLo sf o{ q md Nof pg
c;Ifd
;/sf/ u7g ePsf] tLg dlxgf
ljTbf ;d]t kLl8t gful/ssf] nflu
hgkIfLo /fxftsf] sfo{qmd Nofpg
;/sf/ r'ss
] f] 5. cfd gful/s
cfh ljleGg ;d:ofdf lklN;P/ a;]sf
5g\ t/ klg pgLxsf] ;d:of
h:tfsf] t:t} 5. si6s/ hLjg
lhpg jfWo ePsf ;j{;fwf/0fx
;/sf/af6 cfgf] kIfdf sfo{qmd
cfpg] cf;df lyP t/ pgLxsf] cf;f
lg/fzfdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5. kL8fsf
3fpaf6 cfqmfGt ePsf ltgLx
;/sf/n] cfgf] kIfdf s]xL gu/]sf]
b]Vbf h"g hf]uL cfP klg sfg} lr/]sf]
eGg] pvfg ;Dem]/ a;]sf 5g\ .
/fxftsf] abnf ljleGg ;d:of kf/]/
cfxft kfg]{ ;/sf/sf] /j}ofn] pgLx
;/sf/ ;Dem]/ r'Sr'sfpg yfn]sf 5g\.
gof hf]; hfFu/ tyf pT;fxsf]
sdL
;/sf/ u7g ePkl5 cfd dflg;n]
gofF pT;fx, hf]; / hfFu/ cfPsf]
dx;'z ug{' kg]{ xf] t/ k|wfgdGqLsf]
sfo{z}nLsf] sf/0f ;/sf/ czQm
sf]O/fnf h:t} sdhf]/ ag]sf] 5. lxhf]
b]lv cfh;Dd ;/sf/n] p:t} l9nf
;':tL ul//x]sf] 5. s5'jfsf] ultdf
;/sf/ lxF8s
] f] sf/0f !)) lbg ljTbf
;d]t ;/sf/n] cfkm"nfO{ ;'wf/ ug{
;s]sf] 5}g.
lgZsif{df ;/sf/n] !)) lbg]
cjlwdf ;f]xL cg';f/sf] sfo{qmd ug{
;s]g. cfkm"n] gu/L gx'g] sfo{ gu/L
c?g} sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbFbf ug}{ kg]{
w]/} sfo{x 5'6s
] f 5g\. ;/sf/sf] o:t}
/j}of xf] eg] yfxf 5}g Ps jif{df s;/L
aG5 ;+ljwfg< s;/L aG5 ;d[
g]kfn.

-n] v s g] k fn u0ftflGqs
hgtf kf6L{ cWoIf x'g \ ._

sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#@)^#^$

k|; +u====

a}7sn] kf6L{ aflx/ /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ qmflGtsf/L

sDo'lgi6xnfO{ Pstfa4 t'NofO{
dfcf]jfbL sDo'lgi6 s]Gb|sf] kdf gofF
9+usf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{
cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu dfly pNn]lvt
^ a'bF ] clN6d]6d cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 /
pQm a}7sn] g]skf -PsLs[t_ /
qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 s]Gb|l;t ;sf/fTds
kdf Pstf jftf{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5
/ To;nfO{ ;fy{s lgisif{df k'ofpg] k|of;
eO/x]sf] 5. elgPsf] 5. o;/L ;Rrf
qmflGtsf/L sdhf]/LxnfO{ Pstfa4 u/L
sDo'lgi6 s]Gb|sf kdf gofF 9+usf]
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{
cufl8 a9fOg] eGg] lg0f{o g]skf
dfcf]jfbLn] k|sfzdf NofPkl5 g]kfnsf]
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf gofF 9+usf] t/+u
k}bf ePsf] 5 o;n] d'ns
' s} ;du|
/fhgLltdf ;d]t gofF t/+u k}bf
ul/lbPsf] 5.
ca oxfFg/] uDeL/ eP/ ;f]Rg' kg]{ /
x]gk{' g]{ s'/f s] 5 eg] oL ;dfrf/ /
xNnfxsf k5fl8 slQsf] ;Totf /x]sf]
5 t< o; ljifosf] jf:tljstf s] xf]
t< s] ;fFlRrs} g]skfdfcf]jfbL /
Pdfcf]jfbLsf aLrfd xNnf ul/Pem}+
jf:tljs kdf Pstf ;Dej 5 t<
s] log} k|rf/s} cfwf/df oL b'O{
dfcf]jfbLaLr Pstf eOxfNnf t< o;
k|sf/sf cg]sf}+ k|Zg / lh1fiffx
g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts lIflthdf xfjf ;/L
km}ln/x]sf 5g\. o; n]vdf o; ljifodf
cfjZos rrf{ ug]{ k|oTg ul/Psf] 5.
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng nfdf]
;dob]lv ljeflht /xFb} cfPsf] 5.
o; ljefhgn] g]kfnL qmflGtnfO{ ulDe/
k|sf/sf] 3f6f k'ofpFb} cfPsf] 5. d"ntM
g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng qmflGtsf/L
sfo{lbzf / ;+zf]wgjfbL sfo{lbzfaLrsf]
;+3if{sf cfwf/df ljefhg x'bF } cfPsf]
5. kl5Nnf] k6s cyf{t\ @)^( c;f/
@ % sf] af}4 d]nfaf6 Pdfcf]jfbL leq
ljefhg cfof] / h'g g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf]
k'gu{ 7g x'g k'Uof], Tof] lgtfGt qmflGtsf/L
sfo{lbzf / ;+zf]wgjfbL sfo{lbzfaLr
nfdf] b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{sf kl/0ffd lyof].
tTsflng cj:yfdf PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL_ sf] d'Vo lx:;f h;sf] g]tT[ j
k'iksdn bfxfn k|r08 / afa'/fd
e/fO{n] ul//x]sf pgLxn] kf6L{n]
@)^% ;fn d+l;/df ;DkGg vl/kf6L
sfo{stf{ e]nfn] Psdtn] kfl/t u/]sf]
;fdGtjfb tyf ;fd|fHojfb ;f/tTj
af]ss
] f] hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds
;+ljwfg agfpg] eGg] sfo{lbzf xf] h;nfO{
@)^& d+l;/ !! df ;DkGg kfn'6f/
Kn]gdn] cg'df]bg ;d]t u/]sf] lyof] /
To;kl5 df3df a;]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn]
;d]t ;fdGtjfb tyf ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL
;f/tTj af]s]sf] hgtfsf] ;+3Lo
u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfg agfpg] t/ o;
sfo{df b]zLljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmaf6
if8\oGq ePdf hgljb|fx] dfkm{t\ g]kfnL
gofF hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ eGg]
lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof]. t/ @)^* j}zfvdf
cfof]hgf ul/Psf] Pdfcf]jfbLsf] s]Gb|Lo
;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|r08 afa'/fdn]
kf6L{n] ub}{ cfPsf] g]kfnL qmflGtsf]
sfo{lbzfnfO{ nTofpFb} zflGt / ;+lwfg
gfd lbOPsf] a'hj{ ' f ;+;bjfbL Pj+ k'h
F LjfbL
;'wf/jfbL sfo{lbzf ks8]/ ;fd|fHojfbL
tyf lj:tf/jfbLxsf ;fd' cfTd;dk{0f
ub}{ oyfl:yltjfbL Pj+ k|ltlqmofjfbL
lsQfdf ;fd]n x'g k'u/] g]kfnL qmflGt /
hgtfk|lt uDeL/ k|sf/sf] wf]sf / u4f/L
ug{ k'uk] l5 To; kf6L{ leq tTsflng
Pdfcf]jfbLsf al/i7 pkfWoIf sd/]8
df]xg j}B ls/0fsf] g]tT[ jdf lgdf{0f
eO/x]sf] qmflGtsf/L ljrf/;d'xaLr
s/Lj Ps jif{ eGbf al9 ;do leif0f
b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ Pj+ ljrf/wf/fTds
cGt/;+3if{ ;+rfng ubf{;Dd klg k|r08
afa'/fdxsf] ;d"x kfGt/0f x'g
tof/ geP kl5 qmflGtsf/L ljrf/sf]
/Iff ug{sf lglDt, g]kfnL qmflGt /Iff
ug{sf lglDt / g]kfnL gofF hgjfbL
qmflGtsf] sfo{ef/ k"/f ug]{ dxfg p2]Zosf
;fy Pdfcf]jfbLsf] gj;+zf]wgjfbL
;d'xl;t ;DaGw ljR5]b u/]/ s= @)^(
c;f/ @ % df ;DkGg af}4 e]nfaf6
g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] k'gu{7g ul/Psf]
lyof]. ctM g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf]
^% jif{sf] ;du| Oltxf;sf] ;ldIff ubf{
s] kfOG5 eg] qmflGtsf/L sfo{lbzf /

;+zf]wgjfbL sfo{ lbzfljrs} G k|dv

'
aGb} cfPsf] 5 / oxL sf/0faf6 g} g]kfnL
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng nfdf] ;dob]lv
ljeflht /xFb} cfPsf] 5. km'6 /
ljefhgsf] d'Vo sf/0f g]kfnL sDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ngleq ljrf/ g} k|wfg /xg] u/]sf]
5. / Pstf klg l;4fGt lgi7f Pstfdf
dfq ;Dej 5. Tof] eGbf aflx/ Pstfsf]
vf]hL ug',{ Pstfsf] s'/f ug',{ Pstfsf]
k|of; ug'{ r/d k|sf/sf] cj;/jfb xf].
hxfF;Dd g]skf dfcf]jfbL /
Pdfcf]jfbL aLrsf] Pstfsf] xNnf 5.
dfcf]jfbLl;t cGo qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6
kf6L{xaLrsf] Pstfsf] k|;uF 5 o;
ljifodf xfdLn] uDeL/ eP/ ljZn]if0f
ug]{ / Pp6f j}1flgs lgisif{df k'Ug' kg]{
x'G5. g]skf -PsLs[t_ / qmflGtsf/L
sDo'lgi6 s]Gb| / g]skf dfcf]jfbLaLrsf]
Pstf l;4fGtlgi6 Pstfsf cfwf/df
k|lqmofut kdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5.
/ of] ;sf/fTds lbzfdf cufl8
al9/x]sf] 5. o; ljifodf k|Zg p7fpg'
kg]{ / w]/} cfz+sf ug'k{ g]{ b]lvb}g. lsgls
ljrf/wf/fTds kdf / sfo{ lbzfdf
;d]t ;xdt eP/ kf6L{ Pstfsf
k|lqmofx cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5g\.
hxfF;Dd Pdfcf]jfbLl;tsf] Pstfsf]
xNnfxsf] s'/f 5, of] Hofbf eGbf Hofbf
xNnf dfq} xf]. o; k|sf/sf] xNnfx
af/Daf/ Pdfcf]jfbL kIfaf6 ljz]iful/
k'iksdn bfxfn k|r08af6 km}nfpb}
cfPsf] k|rf/fTds k|ef]sf08n] al9 sfd
ul/x]sf] 5. kf6L{ ljefhg ePsf] 5
dlxgf b]lv g} k|r08n] Pstfsf] xNnfx
km} n fpg
yfn] s f
x' g \ .
k| r08 afa'/fdxaf6 b' O{
dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ Pstfsf] xNnfx hf]8tf]8n]
km}nfpg'sf k5fl8 ljljw sf/0fx
ljBdfg /xF b } cfPsf 5g\ .
klxnf] sf/0fM g]skf dfcf]jfbL
gofF 9+usf] qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
ePsf] / k|r08 afa'/fdf/f af6f]df
oflsPsf] g]kfnL em08fnfO{ dfly p7fpFb}
g]kfnL gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf] sfo{ef/
k"/f ug]{ dxfg p2]Zosf ;fy o; kf6L{sf
k'gu{7g ePsf] / g]skf dfcf]jfbL g}
jt{dfg cj:yfdf g]kfnL qmflGtsf] lg0ff{os
g]tT[ jbfoL zlQm ePsf]n] o;nfO{ shf]/
kfg{, cufl8 a9\g glbg / cfd
qmflGtsf/Lx / hgtfsf aLrdf
Pstfsf] xf}jf v8f u/]/ Jofks k|sf/sf]
e|d km}nfP/ cfFvfdf 5f/f] 5g]{ p2]Zosf
;fy pgLxaf6 Pstfsf] al9 xNnf
km}nfpg] ul/Psf] 5. o;sf/0f o;
xNnfnfO{ k'gM g]kfnL qmflGtnfO{ ljyf]Ng]
/ lgit]h kfg]{ p2]Zosf ;fy ;'lgof]lht
xNnfxsf] kdf glng' kg]{ x'G5.
bf]>f] sf/0fM Pdfcf]jfbL leqsf]
k|r08 / afa'/fd dflysf] emu8f /
lsrnf]sf] sf/0fn] klg k|r08
afa'/fdn] cfcfgf] cg'sn' tfdf Psn]
csf]n
{ fO{ lxsf{pg] wDsfpg], kb /
cj;/sf] afF8efuljnf]sf] nflu j}B
dfcf]jfbLl;tsf] Pstfsf] xNnf dRrfpg]
u/] s f
5g\ .
t]>f] sf/0fM k|r08;Fu s'g} nfOg
g} 5}g. dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] vf; nfOg
df]xg j}wflgs/0fn] g]t[Tj u/]sf]
dfcf] j fbLl;t /x] s f] 5. ptf
Pdfcf]jfbLsf] ljrf/ eg]sf] Tof] afa'/fdsf]
ljrf/ xf]. afa'/fdl;t klg k|r08sf]
d]n 5}g. ljrf/ljlxg ePsfsf/0fn] klg
k|r08n] dfcf]jfbLl;t Pstfsf] xNnfx
km} n fpg]
u/] s f
5g\ .
rf}yf] sf/0fM k|r08nfO{ sfd ug]{
sfo{stf{sf] cefj 5. afa'/fdsf dfG5]n]
k|r08sf] sfd ug{ dfGb}gg\. k|sf;l;t
/x]sf sfo{stf{ klg k|r08xsf v]tfnf
aGg rfxF b} g g\ . k| r08 cfkm\ g f
sfo{stf{x klg tdfd k|sf/sf cfly{s
ljrngf k/]/ abgfd eO;s]sf 5g\
ltgLxn] k|r08sf] sfdnfO{ wfGg
;Qm}gg\. s'/f /Xof], bzjif{ b]lv g}
OdfGbf/L k"js
{ k|r08sf] kIfdf sfd
ub}{ cfPsf xhf/f}+ sfo{stf{x g]skf
dfcf]jfbLdf cfj4 ePsf 5g\. xf] ltg}
sfo{stf{xnfO{ gofF v]tfnfsf kdf
hf]tfpg] ;lsg] p2]Zosf ;fy k|r08n]
kf6L{ Pstfsf] al9 k|rf/ ug]{ u/]sf
5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm g] s kf
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ sdhf]/ kfg{ / Pdfcf]jfbL
h:t} agfpg] h' g b] z L ljb] z L
k|ltlqmofjfbLxsf] of]hgf / if8\oGq 5
To;n] klg o; k|sf/sf] Pstfsf] xNnfx
dRrfpgdf dnhn ul//x]sf] 5.
km]/L s'/f s] ;fFrf] xf] eg] kf6L{ Pstf

cfjZos 5. dfcf]jfbL / Pdfcf]jfbLsf

aLrdf dfq xf]Og ;Dk"0f{ qmflGtsf/L
sDo'lgi6xsf aLrdf Pstf cfjZos
5. g]kfnL qmflGt ;DkGg ug{sf nflu
PsLs[t qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf]
lgdf{0fsf] ljsNk 5}g. oxL tYofnfO{
dWogh/ /flv g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;Rrf
qmflNGtsf/L sDo'lgi6xnfO{ Pstfa4
ul/ dfcf]jfbL sDo'lgi6 s]Gb|sf kdf
gofF 9+usf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf]
k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf]
xf] / o;sf] sfo{lgjf{rgsf] nflu 5 a'bF ]
;}4flGts /fhgLlts tyf ;f+u7lgs
cfwf/x ;t{sf kdf cufl8 ;f/]sf]
5 / of] ljgfsf] Pstfsf] s'g} cy{ /
cf} l rTo
klg
5} g .
hxfF;Dd dfcf]jfbLn] cufl8 ;f/]sf]
5 a'bF ] ;t{gfg';f/ klxnf] ;t{ 5 dfS;{jfb
n]lggjfb dfcf]jfbnfO{ kyk|bz{s
l;4fGtsf kdf cjnDag ug]{ eGg] of]
s'/f Pdfcf]jfbLn] b:tfj]hdf /fv]sf] 5,
t/ Jojxf/ cjnDag ug{ tof/ x'gnfO{
ljrf/ / sfo{qmd ;Lt cGt/;DalGwt
s'/f xf] Tof] p;n] u'dfO gLlt, sfo{qmd /
sfo{ lbzfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug] { eGg] ,
Pdfcf]jfbLn] x]6f}8f dxflwj]zgaf6 gofF
hgjfbL qmflGtsf] gLlt, sfo{qmd /
sfo{lbzf kl/Tofu u/]/ k"h
F LjfbL hgjfbL
qmflGt ;DkGg eO{ ;Sof] eGb} ;dfhjfbL
qmflGtsf] sfo{qmd kfl/t u/]sf] xf], o;nfO{
p;n] ;RofPsf] 5}g, ;RofpgnfO{ klg
dxflwj]zg af]nfpg' kof]. Tof] p;n]
u/] s f]
5} g .
dfcf]jfbLsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ ;t{
;+;bjfbnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug]{ eGg] 5, of]
klg Pdfcf]jfbLn] kl/Tofu ug]{ jfnf 5}g.
rf} yf] a' F bf 5 ;fdflhs qmflGt
kfGt/0fsf nflu ank|of]usf] e"ldsfnfO{
:jLsfg] { eGg] 5 Pdfcf] j fbL
gj;+zf]wgjfbdf ktg eO;s]sf] zlQm
ePsfn] p;n] :jLsf/g] s'/} cfpFbg} .
kfFrf} ;t{ 5, kf6L{ Oltxf;sf] ;ldIff
ug]{ / uNtL, sdL tyf sdhf]/LnfO{
;Rrfpg tof/ /xg] eGg] 5, of] Hofb}
uDeL/ ljifo xf]. kf6L{ Oltxf;df
Pdfcf] j fbLn] hgd' lQm ;] g fnfO{
k|ltlqmofjfbL ;]gfsf ;fd' cfTd;dk{0f
ug{ ljj; u/fP/ h'g lj36g uof] /
xltof/ k|ltlqmofjfbL ;QfnfO{ a'emfO{ lbof],
of] uDeL/ k|sf/sf] uNtLnfO{ :jLsf/g
tof/ x'G5 ls x'Gg< 5}7f}+ ;t{ /x]sf] 5,
hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] dd{ tyf efjgf
cg'k ;+u7g ;+rfng ug{ /fhL x'g,]
s'/f pNn]v 5. klxnf] s'/f t ;a}vfn]
;+zf]wgjfbLx hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotsf] dd{
/ efjgf cg'k kf6L{ ;~rfng ub}g{ g\
/ ug{' klg kb}g{ . JolQmn] dgkl/ 9+un]
kf6L{ ;~rfng ug] { xf] .
ctM oL dflysf ;t{xnfO{ ljZn]if0f
ubf{ s] lgisif{df k'Ug ;lsG5 eg] klxnf]
gDa/df Pdfcf] j fbLn] x] 6 f} + 8 f
dxflwj]zgaf6 kfl/t u/]sf] ;dfhjfbL
qmflGtsf] lj;h{gjfbL nfOg g;RofP;Dd
dfcf]jfbL l;t kf6L{ Pstf x'g] s'g}
;Defjgf 5}g. bf]>f] gDa/df g]skf
dfcf]jfbLn] cufl8 ;f/]sf oL 5 a'bF ]
;t{nfO{ cfTd;fy u/]/ Pdfcf]jfbL kf6L{
Pstf ug{ tof/ eP/ cfof] eg]
dfcf]jfbLsf ;fd' cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf] 7x/
x'g5] / dfcf]jfbL cWoIf df]xg j}B
ls/0fnfO{ cWoIf :jLsf/]/ cfpg' kg]{
5. ca km]/L k|r08 g} cWoIf x'g] u/L
kf6L{ Pstf x'g] ;Defjgf 5}g. lsgsL
k|r08n] ;a} hgljZjf; u'dfO{ ;s]sf
5g\. To;}n] ;a}n] a'em\g] s'/f s] xf] eg]
kf6L{ Pstfsf nflu ax; ug{ kfOg]
eof], xNnf klg a];/L ug{ t kfOg] eof]
t/ oxL tl/sfn] kf6L{ Pstf e}xfNg]
s'g} ;Defjgf 5}g. cfh;Ddsf ;a}
xNnfx vfnL e|d dfq x'g\ . f :t/
Pp6f s] s'/fnfO{ gsfg{ ;lsFbg} eg]
r'gfj kl5 rNg] xNnfn] sxL st} Pdfn]
/ dfn]aLr h'g @)%* ;fndf Pstf
ePsf] lyof], Tof] Oltxf;df oxfF klg
k'g/fj[lQ x'g ;Sb5. qmflGtsf/Lx eg]
;ts{ x'g} kg]{ x'G5.

1fg]G b|n]= ===

/sd ltg{ cfu|x ub}{ k|wfgdGqL tyf
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nonfO{ cf}krf/Ls kq
g} k7fPsf] lyof]. @)^( r}t $ ut]
k|flws/0fsf] kqkl5 k|wfgdGqL sfof{non]
gfufh'g{ b/af/ If]qsf] ljh'nLsf] z'Ns
g]kfn 6i6;Fu c;'Ng cfu|x ub}{
k|flws/0fsf] kq 6i6nfO{ k7fOlbPklg
k|flws/0fn] /sd kfPsf] 5}g.

k| flws/0fnfO{ h/Ljfg afx]s

a}zfv d;fGtf;Ddsf] %( nfv %*
xhf/ * ;o (% k}of aSof}tf /x]sf]
kf08]n] hfgsf/L lbP. @)^@ c;f/
b]lvsf] aSof}tf afFsL /x]klg @)^#
kl5 ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] slQklg z'Ns
lt/]sf] 5}g. To:t}, gfufh{'g b/af/sf]
gfddf kl5Nnf] 5 jif{sf] vfg]kfgLsf]
dx;'n dfq em08} ## nfv k'u]sf]
5. @)^% c;f/ b] l v @)&)
kmfu'g;Ddsf] kfgLsf] dx;'n dfq #@
nfv % xhf/ $$ k}ofF ePsf] 5.
sf7df8f} + pkTosf vfg] k fgL
lnld6]8n] ut r}t @) ut] g]kfn
6i6nfO{ kqrf/ u/L kfgLsf] dx;'n
a'emfpg eg]sf] 5.

gf}la;]= ===

ug'k{ g]d{ f xfn;Dd sfd cf/De ePsf]

5}g. l;:g]vf]nfdf sl/a ;o 9nfg
ug'{kg]{5. ;f] :yfgdf 5]pkl 9nfg
;lsPsfn] leQfkl 9nfg ug'{kg]{ eP
klg lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] cefjdf sfd
cufl8 a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g. ;f] :yfgdf
kof{Kt 8fOe;{ ePsfn] 9nfg ubf{
hfd gx'g] b]lvG5 t/ ;f]xL :yfgdf
9nfg ul/Psf] 5}g. o:t} vqLkf}jf
vf]nfdf sl/a ;o ld6/ 9nfg ug'k{ g]{
eP klg ;f] :yfgdf sfd cufl8
a9\g g;Sbf w'nf]n] ;jf/L ;fwg
rnfpg ;d:of ePsf] 5. ;f]
:yfgdf bdsaf6 a]nLla|h NofO{
h8fg ul/Psf] eP klg c? sfd
cufl8 a9\ g ;s] s f] 5} g . ;f]
cfof]hgfnfO{ glhsaf6 cg'udg
ul//xsf l8lehg OlGhlgo/
xl/k|;fb kf]v/]nn] lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf]
cefjdf 9nfgsf] sfd k|efljt ePsf]
hfgsf/L lbP. ;f] ;8sv08cGtu{t
Ps xhf/ % ;o ld6/ ;8s dd{tsf]
qmddf /x]sf] 5. lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf]
cefj x'g glbg kxn ul//x]s f]
hfgsf/L lbFb} pgn] dd{tsf] sfd
cufl8 a9\g] ljZjf; AoSt u/].
;/sf/n] ;f] ;8sv08 dd{tsf] sfd
jif{df ;'? x'gn
' uQ} ;DkGg ug{ lgdf{0f
Joj;foLnfO{ lgb{z
] g lbPsf] 5. t/,
lgdf{ 0f ;fdu|L sf] cefj b]v fP/
dd{tsf] sfd /f]lsof] eg] tf]lsPsf]
nIoleq klg dd{t ;DkGg gx'g]
b]lvPsf] 5.

dfcf]
j fbLnfO{= ===
Pdfcf] j fbLaf6 ljleGg ;dodf

rf]Ol6Psf dflqsf ofbj / dl0f

yfkf;d]t Pp6} d~rdf ;xefuL
ePsf] sfo{qmddf Pdfcf]jfbL cWoIf
k|r08n] dfcf]jfbLjLr w|'jLs/0fsf]
k|of; ;'? ePkl5 Pstf grfxg]x?n]
if8\oGq ug{;Sg] atfP. d}n] olt
elg;s] k l5 of] s' / fnfO{ km] l /
k|ltlqmofjfbLx?n] ljleGg k|rf/jfhL,
ljleGg nf~5gf, ljleGg xf}jfx? v8f
x'G5, e};s]sf] 5, x'Fb}5, x'g]jfnf 5,
k|r08n] eg] hlt xfdL of] w|j' Ls/0f
cufl8 a9fpF5f}+, Tolt if8oGq a9\5
eGg] s'/frfFlx a'lem/fVbf x'G5. xfdL
sf]xL o;df b'ljwfdf kg'{kg]{ 5}g.
xfdL o;nfO{ lrg{ ;S5f}+ ls ;Sb}gf}+,
of] Pp6f k|Zg km]l/ klg xfdLsxfF
5. cfof]hs dfcf]jfbL ;dly{t
clvn qmflGtsf/Lf/f sfo{qmddf
df]xg j}B ls/0feGbf cufl8 slgi7
jStfsf ?kdf pEofOPsf Pdfcf]jfbL
cWoIf k|r08n] b]zdf k|ltqmflGtsf]
vt/f a9]sf] atfP. k|ltqmflGtsf]
vt/f w]/} cufl8 al9;s]sf] 5, olb
qmflGtsf/Lx?n] ;dod} a'l4 gk'ofpg]
xf] eg] / /fhgLltdf cfgf q'6Lx?
klxNofP/ km]l/ Pp6f w|'jLs/0flt/
hfgsf nflu kxnsbdL glng] xf]
eg] x] bf{ x ] b} { g] k fnsf] sDo' lgi6
cfGbf]ng g/fd|f];Fu w=Ssf vfg] /
qmflGtsf pknAwLx? g/fd| f ] ; F u
w/fzoL x'g] 7fpFdf 5. k|r08n] eg]
ca o;sf] lhDdf s;n] lng]<
s;nfO{ eGg]< ;+ljwfg;efsf] bf];|f]
lgjf{rgkl5 d}n] s] ;f]r]+ eg] Tof]
kxn xfdLn] g} ;'? ug'{kg]{ x'G5.
xfdL hgo'4sf ;"qwf/x?n] g} Tof]
lhDd]jf/L lng'kg]{ x'G5. xfdL hf]
hf] hxfF hxfF /x]sf] eP klg Psrf]l6
km]l/ hgtfdf hfg], Psrf]l6 km]l/
w|'jLs/0fdf n}hfg] / Pp6f gofF zlSt
k}bf ug}{k5{. Pdfcf]jfbL cWoIf
k| r08n] ljutdf uNtL ePsf] ,
ju{b[li6sf]0fdf sdhf]/L /x]sf] eGb}

hgo' 4 sfn / To;kl5sf ;a}

sdhf]/Lsf] lhDd]jf/L cfk"mn] lng]
atfP. Pdfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08n]
qmflGtsf/L w|'jLs/0faf6 To:tf] zlSt
k}bf u/]/ dfq} xfdLn] Oltxf;sf]
cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{;S5f}+.
k|r08 nuQ} k|d'v cltlysf ?kdf
af]n]sf g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf
df]xg j}B ls/0fn] k|r08sf] k|:tfjsf]
;dy{g ub}{ sfo{/t Pstfdf hf]8
lbPsf 5g\. pgn] tTsfn ;+ljwfgsf
cGt/j:t', GsfnLg d'2fdf ePsf]
w/ks8nufotsf d'2fdf dfcf]jfbLsf
rf/j6} ;d"xjLr sfo{/t Pstf u/]/
cl3 a9\g'kg{] atfP. kf6L{ Pstfsf
nflu 5j6f cfwf/ k]; u/]sf] ub}{
ls/0fn] sfo{gLlt 7\ofDd} ldn]kl5
dfq} Pstf ug]{ eGg] ljz'4tfjfbL
;f]rfO /fVg gx'g] / gldn]sf ljifodf
5nkmn ub}{ cl3 a9\g ;lsg] atfP.
efjgfdf cfP/ dfq} klg Pstf x'g
g;Sg] / o;sf nflu j} rfl/s
/fhgLlts ljifo ldNg'kg] { pgn]
atfP. t/, sf+ u| ] ; / Pdfn] s f
g]tfx?n] lgx'F vf]Hg / dfcf]jfbLlj?4
d'2f xfNg yfn]sfn] dfcf]jfbLjLrsf]
Pstf clxn]sf] cfjZostf ag]sf]
ls/0fn] atfP.k|r08n] Pdfn];Fu
klg Pstf ug{ eg]sf]df df]xg j}B
ls/0fn] c;xdlt hgfP. Pdfn]
sDo'lg:6 xf]Og eGb} j}Bn] Pdfn]nfO{
efOsf+u| ]; ePsf] cf/f] k nufP.
ljutdf sltko ljifodf k|r08n]
uNtL :jLsf/ ug{ ;sf/fTds /x]sf]
eGb} k|r08n] g]t[Tj x:tfGt/0f ug{]
s'/f bob]lv g} dx;'; u/]sf] eP
Tof] ;sf/fTds /x]sf] atfP. dflqsf
/ dl0f yfkf;Fu Pstf tTsfn} x'g
;Sg] ls/0fn] atfP. k|r08eGbf
cufl8 af]n]sf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf
cWoIf dft[sf ofbjn] tTsfn} kf6L{
Pstf ;Dej geP klg sfo{ /t
Pstfsf] 3f]if0ff ug{] k|r08 / ls/0f
b'a}nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP. csf{
k" j { d fcf] j fbL g] tf dl0f yfkfn]
dfcf]jfbLx? Ps geP 6'qmf6'qmf eP/
s'lxP/ ;lsg] atfP. k|r08 / df]xg
j}B ls/0fdfly a'2f nfu]/ kqmfp
kqmfpm kbf{ jStJo lgsfNg] dfG5];Dd
gx'g] eGb} yfkfn] dfcf]jfbLjLr Pstf
h?/L /x] s f] atfPsf lyP.
sfo{qmddf sDo'lgi6 Oltxf;ljb 8f=
;'/]Gb| s];Ln] k|r08, ls/0f, dflqsf
ofbj / dl0f yfkfx? Ps eP
dfcf]jfbLleq gf/fo0fsfhL k|j[lQ
sdhf]/ x'g] eGb} Ps x'g] ;'emfj lbP.
sLlt{ k ' / df ljBfyL{ s f] ;Dd] n g
efFl8Psf] 36gfb]lv la/f6gu/sf]
/fli6o ;Dd]ngdf ;d]t eb|uf]n
x'gd' f gf/fo0fsfhL k|jl[ tsf] bf]if /x]sf]
8f= s];Ln] atfP. dfcf]jfbL ljBfyL{
;+u7gn] ljBfyL{ lbj;sf cj;/df
dfcf]jfbLsf rf/ 36snfO{ Pp6}
d~rdf pEofPsf] xf]. sfo{qmddf
dflqsf ofbjn] Pdfcf]jfbL cWoIf
k|r08nfO{ s8f cfnf]rgf u/]sf
lyP. ofbjn] k|r08sf] cfnf]rgf ubf{
sfo{qmddf xfF;f] / efj'stf b'a} 5fPsf]
lyof]. sfo{qmddf k|r08 / ls/0fn]
Pstfsf] s' /f u/] kl5 dfcf]j fbL
sfo{stf{df pT;fx b]lvPsf] lyof].
o:tf] sfo{ q md cffof] hgf u/] /
Pstfsf] jftfj/0f agfPsf] eGb}
k| r 08 / ls/0f b' a } n ] ljBfyL{
;+u7gnfO{ wGofjfb lbPsf lyP.
cfhsf] ;'?jft of] ;'?jft xf]. o;sf]
lgs} 7"nf] /fhgLlts dxTj 5,
k|r08n] sfo{qmddf eg] xfdL ;a}n]
cfTd;ft u/f}F . /, gofF o'usf] z'qkft
ug]{ k|of; u/f}+.

;'Ts]/Lsf]====

cfk" l t{ Joj:yf dxfzfvfsf

hg:jf:Yo lg/LIfs lxdnfn 1jfnL
/x]sf 5g\. pgLx?n] b'u{d kxf8L
lhNnfsf ue{jtL dlxnfnfO{ nlIft
u/L ;'Ts] /L cj:yfdf cToflws
/St>fjaf6 x'g] dft[d[To' 36fpg
lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ug{ ld;f]k|f]K6f]n
gfds cf}ifwL v/Lb ubf{ e|i6frf/
u/]sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] 5. cf}ifwLsf]
cTolws d" N o sfod u/L
cfjZostfeGbf a9L ;+Vofdf v/Lb
u/]sf], cf}ifwLx? u'0f:t/xLg eP klg
cfk" lt{ stf{n fO{ sf/afxLsf] ;f6f]
s/f]8f} d"No kg]{ u'0f:t/xLg cf}ifwL

:6f]/df hDdf u/]s f] clVtof/n]

hgfPsf] 5. o:t} clVtof/n] :jf:Yo
;] j f ljefusf dxflgb] { z s
8f=nvgnfn ;fx tyf cfk" l t{
Joj:yf dxfzfvf 6]s'sf k|d'v 8f=
tf/fgfy kf]v/]n ;d]tsf] ;+nUg /x]sf]
eGb} lgnDag ug{ :jf:Yo dGqfnonfO{
cfu|x u/]sf] 5.

!(
ljBfyL{====
xfdLnfO{ klg r'gfj u/fpg kof{Kt
;do ePg. To;sf/0f rf/ lbg r'gfj
;f/]sf xf}+ . pgn] ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn]
;xdlt ghgfPkl5 cfk"mx?n] gofF
ldlt 3f]if0ff u/]sf] atfP. Pdfcf]jfbL,
g]skfdfcf]jfbLlgs6 cg]/f:jljo'
qmflGtsf/Lnufot !( ;+u7gn] r'gfj
u/] sf/afxLsf] wDsL lbPnuQ} lqljn]
ldlt ;f/]sf] xf]. lqljn] gofF ldlt;Fu}
sfo{tflnsf klg ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5.
o;cl3 h]7 !$ ut] r'gfj ug{] eg]/
sfo{tflnsf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] lqljn]
gofF sfo{tflnsf klg ;fj{hlgs u/]sf]
xf]. gofF sfo{tflnsfcg';f/ * ut]
dtfbftf gfdfjnL k|sfzg, ( ut]
gfdfjnLdf bfaLlj/f]w / dgf]gog
btf{sf nflu kq ljt/0f, !! ut]
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