DNA Structure

DNA consists of two molecules that are arranged

into a ladder-like structure called a Double Helix.

A molecule of DNA is made up of millions of tiny

subunits called Nucleotides.

Each nucleotide consists of

!. "hosphate group
#. "entose sugar
$. Nitrogenous base
Nucleotides
Phosphate
Pentose
Sugar
Nitrogenous
Base
Nucleotides

%he phosphate and sugar form the backbone of

the DNA molecule& whereas the bases form the
'rungs(.

%here are four types of nitrogenous bases.

Nucleotides
A
Adenine
T
Thymine
G
Guanine
C
Cytosine
Nucleotides

Each base will only bond with one other

specific base.

Adenine )A*

%hymine )%*

+ytosine )+*

,uanine ),*
-orm a base pair.
-orm a base pair.
DNA Structure

.ecause of this complementary base pairing&

the order of the bases in one strand determines
the order of the bases in the other strand.
G
G
A
T
T
A
A
C
T
G
C
A
T
C
DNA Structure

%o crack the genetic code found in DNA we

need to look at the se/uence of bases.

%he bases are arranged in triplets called codons.

A , , - + % + - A A , - % + + - % A ,
% + + - , A , - % % + - A , , - A % +
DNA Structure

A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a

protein.

Each uni/ue gene has a uni/ue se/uence of bases.

%his uni/ue se/uence of bases will code for the

production of a uni/ue protein.

0t is these proteins and combination of proteins that

gi1e us a uni/ue phenotype.
Protein
DNA
Gene
Trait
2our %ask

Draw a flow chart to show

how to get from
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