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-Ç-C- ¢√®Ωç 1 °∂    œ- v     •-´-J 2009Ñ-Ø√úø ’    £j«ü¿ ®√¶«ü˛
3
A. Bungana, Munagalapadu (Kurnool)Q.
Please let me know the three tenses of theverb 'LEAD' and the pronunciation and alsoof READ, BEAT.
A.
Lead
(Mú˛)
- Present tense; led (Past tenseand past participle).
Q.
Let me know the synthesis of the two sen-tences.She read some books. She will read themagain.
A.
She will read the same books she read.
Q.
Please let me know if the following sen-tences are correct or not.a. I remember having met him before.b. I remember that I have met him before.c. I remember to have met him before.d. I remember meeting him before.
A.
All are correct.
Q.
No sooner did the teacher enter the classthan all the students stood up. Pleaserewrite this by using'Hardly.'
A.
Hardly had theteacher entered theclass whenthe stu-dents stoodup.
Q.
We generally give the comparative degreein positive sense. e.g. : Savithri is tallerthan Sita. But I found it expressed in a neg-ative sense. Aryan is not taller than someother boys in the class.Can we say 'This box is less heavy thanthat.' Is it correct?
A.
Aryan is not taller than some other boys =some other boys are at least as tall asAryan.This box is less heavy .... correct.
A. Sridhar, OnipentaQ.
éÀ çC ÉçTx≠ˇ°æü∆-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®√n©’ îÁ°æ p-í∫-©®Ω ’.
venture
A.
¶µ «K °ô’d•úø ’©ûÓ v§ƒ®ΩçGµ çîË/ îËÊÆ ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç. (≤ƒ£æ «ÆæçûÓ èπÿúÕ† °æE– Ç ≤ƒ£æ «Ææ ç °ü¿l ¢Á ·ûª  hç™ °ô’d•úÕ°ôdúø ç 鬴a).
picket
A.
1) Ææ¢Á’t Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ á´JF 鬮√u-©ßª’ç/
facto-ry
™éÀ¢Á∞¡xE-´yèπ◊çú≈ Åúø ’fûªT™‰´uéÀ  h/ ´uèπ◊h©’ (é¬Jt-èπ◊©’/ Æœ•sçC). 2) ÂÆjEéπ ≤ƒn´®√-©†’ °æJ-®Ω- éÀ~çîËÂÆjE-èπ◊úø ’/ ÂÆjE-èπ◊© Ææ´‚£æ «ç/ ¨»çA ¶µ ºvü¿ûª©†’ 鬧ƒúË çü¿’èπ◊ äéπ v°æü˨¡ç™ Öçú˧ÚM- Ææ’©’. 3) éπçîÁ¢ËÊÆçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË í∫’çï©’ (¢Á ·†°æü¿’-†’í¬ îÁéÀ\†N).
crystal clear,
A.
î√-™« Ææ p≠æ  d ç (Ææ p¥öÀéπç–
crystal
™«)
cross check
A.
´’†-éπçC†/ ´’† ü¿í∫  _-®Ω’†o Ææ´÷-î√-®√Eo/ ÅçÈé- ©†’, ÉçéÓ Nüµ  ¿çí¬ È®çúÓ≤ƒJ ÆæJ-îª÷-Ææ ’-éÓ´úø ç. ´’†ç ´÷´‚©’í¬ èπÿúÕ† ÅçÈé© ¢Á ·û√hEo 
Calculator
ûÓ ÆæJîª÷Ææ’èπ◊çö«ç– ÉC
crosscheck.
´’†èπ◊ äéπ®Ω ’ îÁ°œ p† N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ´’®ÌéπJ ü∆y®√ ®Ω ÷úµ  ÕîËÆæ’-éÓ´úø ç.
countdown
A.
°jÆæçêu †’ç* äéπöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ éÀçCéÀ™„éÀ \çîªúø ç.
Rockets
™«çöÀ¢√öÀE v°æßÁ ÷-TçîË°æ ¤púø ’/
Timebomb
™«çöÀN Ê°™‰ açü¿’èπ◊, ÂÆéπ†’ûÓ Ææ£æ … ÆæÈ®j†
time
èπ◊ ïJ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ñ
count down
¢√úø ’ûª÷Öçö«®Ω’. °jÅçÈé †’ç* 1 (äéπöÀ) ´®Ωèπ◊ ™„éÀ \çîª- í¬ØË,
rocket
°jÈé-í∫ÊÆ™« ™‰ü∆
time bomb
ü∆†çûªôÅüËÊ°™‰™« à®√pô’ Öçô’çC.
The count down for our exams has begun =
´’† °æK-éπ~© Æ洒ߪ’ç ü¿í∫  _®Ω-éÌ*açC.
consortium,
A.
äÍé Ǩ¡ßª’çûÓ/ v°æù«RéπûÓ °æE-îËÊÆ ´uèπ◊h©, Ææ çÆæ  n© ü˨»© èπÿôN’.
Aid India consortium
(¶µ «®Ω-û˝èπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’çîËߪ÷-©ØËÖüËl¨¡çûÓ à®Ωp-úÕ† ü˨»© èπÿôN’.
Pronunciation -
éπØ˛-≤Ú-≠œßª’ç.
late night
A.
Late night
®√vA ¶«í¬ §Òü¿’l§Ú-®·† ûª®√yûª.
Latenight show = II show. Alate night meeting =
®√vA î√-™« §Òü¿’l§Ú-ߪ÷éπ ïJÍí Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ç.
senser
(ÂƆq®˝)
A.
Senser
ÅØË´÷ô™‰ü¿’.
sensor =
¢Á©’-ûª’®Ω’,¨¡•l ç, ÅL-éÀúÕéÀ Ææ pçCç* ߪ’çvû√-©†’, °æJ-éπ®√-©†’ °æE-îË®·çîË≤ƒüµ  ¿†ç. ¶µºvü¿ûªéÓÆæ ç ¶«uçèπ◊©’, ÂÆjEéπ 鬮√u-©ßª÷™«x çöÀ¢√öÀ™xOöÀE Å´’®Ω’-≤ƒh®Ω’, üÌçí∫©/ ¨¡vûª’-´¤© ÖE-éÀE ûÁL-Ê°çü¿’èπ◊.
bunker
A.
ߪ ·ü∆l ¥™xÂÆjE-èπ◊©èπ◊ ®Ωéπ~ù É´yö«EéÀ°∂  œ®Ωçí∫ ’©’, ûª’§ƒ-èπ◊©’ Å´’-®Ω’aéÓú≈EéÀO©’†o •©¢Á’i† C¢Á’t, ´÷´‚©’í¬ Æœ¢Á’çö¸
concrete
ûÓ EJt-≤ƒh®Ω’.
tempo
A.
Ü°æ¤/ ¢Ëí∫ç– ´’†ç îËÊÆ °æ†’™x, Ææ çUûª ç™ Ü°æ¤
network
A.
1) ®Óúø  x, ´÷®√_© ÅLxéπ 2) éπç°æ ‹u-ô®Ω  xN≠æߪ’ç™: ņ’-Ææ çüµ  ∆†¢Á’i Ö†o, äéπü∆EûÓ äéπöÀÆæ ç•çüµ  ¿ç Ö†o éπç°æ ‹u-ô®Ω  x ÅLxéπ. 3) ÅçûªÆæ qç•çüµ  ∆©’†o  ´uèπ◊h©, Ææ çÆæ  n© Ææ´‚£æ «ç.
( ASmugglers'/ thieves' network)
frustration
A.
E®√-¨¡/E-Ææ p%£æ«
curtain raiser
A.
v§ƒ®Ω ç¶µ «Eo Ææ÷*çîË °∂  æ’ôd ç, 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç
clear cut
A.
Ææ p≠æ  d¢Á’i†, EJl¥≠æ  d¢Á’i†
access
A.
v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç (äéπ îÓöÀéÀ) /äéπ´uéÀ  hE ÆæO’-°œ ç* ´÷ö«xúË Å´é¬¨¡ç
Æ‘ñ¸
(spelling)
A.
cease -
Çí∫ôç/ Ç°æúø ç;
seize =
™«éÓ\´úø ç,≤ƒyDµ†ç îËÆæ’éÓ´úø ç
seige =
(ÂÆjEéπ ≤ƒn´®√-©†’) ´·ôdúÕ çîªúø ç
like-alike
-´’-üµ  ¿u -ûËú≈ -àN’-öÀ?
A.
She is like her mother -
Ç¢Á’ ûª† ûªLx™«Íí Öçô’çC.
she and her mother are alike =
Ç¢Á’, Ç¢Á’ ûªLxäÍ陫 Öçö«®Ω’.
places of tourist interest
A.
°æ®Ωu-ô-èπ◊-©èπ◊ ÇÆæéÀ  h éπL-Tç-îË/-¢√-∞¡x†’ Çéπ-J{ çîË Ææ  n™«©’.
college bunk
A.
College bunk
Åçô÷ v°æûË u-éπ¢Á’i†
expression
àD™‰ü¿’.
bunk
Åçõ‰1) *†o ü¿’é¬ùç ÅØËÅ®Ωn çûÓ ´’†-üË-¨¡ç™ ¢√úøû√ç; 2) °æE/-•úÕ áíÌ_ôdúø ç ÅØËÅ®Ωn ç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
free
ÅØËü∆EéÀ 
O.C.
Åçö«®Ω’.
O.C.
Åçõ‰àN’öÀ?
A.
British East India Company
´’† ü˨»Eo §ƒL-Ææ’h†o ®ÓV™x,
OC (OCS) = On CompanyService -
Ç
company
ÊÆ´™ îËÊÆ °æ†’-©Fo 
Company
ßË ’ ¶µ ºJçî√-Lq´ÊÆh ÅC
free.
ÉC
standard English abbreviation
é¬ü¿’.
Intelligence special drive
A.
¶µºvü¿û√ Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ÊÆéπJçîË çü¿’èπ◊ v°æûË uéπ 鬮Ωu- véπ´’ç
Hub
A.
 Íéçvü¿ç/
Central point
T.M.C
™
C
Åçõ‰èπÿuÂÆ-èπ◊\©’
T.M.
Åçõ‰àN’öÀ?
A.
-FöÀ °∂  æ’† °æJ´÷ù«Eo ûÁLÊ° éÌ©ûª©’ –
cusec -
äéπ ÂÆéπ†’™ v°æ´£œ «çîËFöÀ°∂  æ’† °æJ- ´÷ùç
TMC -Thousand millioncusecs.
B.M.W.
Åçõ‰àN’öÀ?
A.
Bavarian MotorWorks
Å--ØË
Germanautomobile company
Ö-ûªp-Ah -îËÊÆ
car engine.
capture
A.
≤ƒyDµ†ç/ Èéj´Ææ ç îËÆæ’-éÓ´úø ç
cocksure
A.
´’† ≤ƒ´’-®Ω  nuç™ ´’†-èπ◊çúËÅA †´’téπç – ÉC°æ ¤púø çûª¢√úøéπç™ ™‰ü¿’.
resort
A.
Nv¨»çA /véÃúø© ØÁ©´¤©’ –
Ooty
™«
2)
äéπ Ω uîË°æôdúø ç/ °æ ‹†’-éÓ´úø ç/ §ƒ©p-úøôç
He resortedto cheating others -
Åûªúø ’ ¢Á ÷≤ƒ-EéÀ§ƒ©p- ú≈fúø ’.
back water
A.
†C Ææ´·vü∆Eo éπL-ÊÆ-îÓô, Ææ´·vü¿°æ ¤ û√éÀúÕéÀ ¢Á†èπ◊\ ´’∞Ï  x†C F∞¡Ÿx
data
A.
Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç
night out
A.
®√vûª çû√ ¢Ë’©’-éÓ´úø ç
zinc foods
Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?
A.
Zinc foods
é¬ü¿’,
Junk food -
éÌ´¤y†’ °çîËÅØ√-®Óí∫ u-éπ®Ω-¢Á’i† AçúÕ.
intellectual
A.
¢Ë ’üµ  ∆N/ ¢Ë ’üµ  ¿Ææ ’qèπ◊ Ææ ç•çCµ ç*†
warmonger,
A.
ߪ ·ü∆l ¥Eo éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx
walk away with
A.
àüÁ  jØ√ Å´M-©í¬ BÆæ’-èπ◊¢Á∞¡xúø ç,
Prize
© ™«çöÀN.
walk away from
A.
äéπ îÓöÀ†’ç* ¢ÁRx§Ú-´úø ç
walk over
A.
Ææ’©¶µº¢Á’i† Èí©’°æ ¤
E
.
Kondala Rao, Golagamudi (Nellore Dt.)Q.
What are the meanings of underline wordsin the following sentences.considering students today think out-of-the-boxand aren't considering run of the millcourses at all.With the limited jing bangthat was invitedfor Aish and Abhi's wedding.What are the meanings and Englishequivalent words for the following.
A.
Ñ ´÷ô©’ ...
'out of the box, jing-bang'English
™ ™‰´¤.
Q.
Blinge
A.
Blinge
ÅØË´÷ô èπÿú≈
English
™ ™‰ü¿’.•£æ ›¨»
binge
à¢Á ÷.
Binge
éÀ Å®Ωn ç q îËÆæ ’- éÓ´úø ç.. ´·êuçí¬ Açô÷, û√í∫’ûª÷.
Q.
éÀ çC °æü∆-©èπ◊ -ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ Å®√n©’ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
鬮Ω-ùï-†’túø ’ =
(born with purpose
ÅØËCÆæÈ®j çüËØ√?)
A.
Born for a purpose
°æô’dNúø ’°æ ¤
A.
Flexibility
°æîÁ a†-í∫©’, ´·úըΆí∫©’
A.
Bengal Gram
Srinivasa Naik, VisakhapatnamQ
'Be' forms
Åçõ‰àN’öÀ?
shall have been,would have been..
É™« ¢√öÀE ¢√úø ’ûª÷Öçö«®Ω ’. OöÀí∫’Jç* N´J-≤ƒh®√?
Was/ were
™«çöÀ
be forms
†’ ᙫ ¢√ú≈L?
verb
©†’ ᙫ Ö°æßÁ ÷-Tçî√L?Ø√èπ◊ Ñ
Tense
©™ Ææ çüˣ慩’-Ø√o®·.
Past con-tinuous tense, past perfect tense, futurecontinuous tense, future perfect tense
OöÀí∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Öü∆-£æ «®Ω-ù©ûÓ N´Jçîª-í∫©®Ω’.
A
.
'Be' forms
Åçõ‰'Öçúøôç— ÅØËÅ®√nEo–-NNüµ  ¿ ®Ω鬩’í¬ ÖçúË Æœnûª’©’ – É°æ ¤púø ’, á°æ ¤púø ÷ Öçúøôç, í∫ûªç™Öçúøôç, ¶µºN-≠æu-û˝™Öçúøôç, Öçúø-í∫-©-í∫úøç,Öçúø´îª’a– É™« 'Öçúøôç—ÅE Å®Ωn ç ÉîË a 
verbs,'be' forms.
Ñ éÀ çC´Fo 
'be' forms.
Åçõ‰OôEo-öÀF üËE-ûÓ†÷ éπ©°æèπ◊çú≈ ¢√úÕûË, 'Öçúøôç— NNüµ  ¿ ®Ω鬩’í¬, NNüµ  ¿ 鬙«™x ÅØËÅ®Ωn ç ´Ææ’hçC.
Am, is, are shallwas, were shouldwillwouldcancould
be
maymightmusthave tohas tohad tooughtneeddaremightought
have been
havehashadshall haveshould havewill have
been
would havecan havecould havemust havemay have
Ñ
'be' forms
´‚úø ’
sets:1) am, is, are, was, were2) shall be, should be...
É™« *´®Ω
'be'
´îË aN.
3) have been, has been, had been, shallhave been, should have been ....
É™« *´®Ω
been
ÖçúËN.Ñ
'be' forms
ûÓ
'ing' form
é¬F,
Past partici-ple
(O’®ΩØË 
V
3
)
éπL-°œûË 
am going, was seen
™«–O’èπ◊ °æ†’-©†’ ûÁLÊ°
verbs (Action Words)
´≤ƒh®· (Öçúøôç é¬èπ◊çú≈). OöÀE í∫’Jç* O’èπ◊Éçé¬ ¶«í¬ Å®Ωn ç 鬢√©çõ‰,
spoken English les-son Nos. 2,3,4,12 and 20
îª÷úø çúÕ.
 
M.SURESAN
-Ççí∫    x- ¶µ  «- ≠æ-ù Ççí∫    x- ¶µ  «- ≠æ-ù
535
She is like her mother She is like her mother 
Spoken English
-§ƒûª -¢√u≤ƒ©éÓÆæç - éÀ   x é˙-îË - ßª ’ç- úÕ ..
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
 
-Ç-C- ¢√®Ωç 8 °∂    œ- v•-´-J 2009Ñ-Ø√úø’    £j«ü¿ ®√¶«ü˛
3
 A.Yesuratnam, Venkatayapalem(W.G.Dt.)
Q.
What is the meaning of 'Whynot'?
A.
'Why not'? is a very commonquestion in English. We use itusually to agree with someone.
A:
Shall we go to a movie?
B:
Why not?It is used also as a short form of questionsbeginning with why.Why not discuss the matter with him? =Why don't you/ we discuss the matter withhim?We use it some times to disagree withothers too.
A:
Why do you want to go now?
B:
Why not?/ Why not, may I know?
 V. Kalyani, Jagitial(Karimnagar dt.)
Q.
Went off
Åçõ‰Å®Ωn çàN’öÀ?
off
†’ àßË’Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’?
A. Went off =
¢ÁRx§Ú-ߪ÷úø ’.
Went
ûª®√yûª
away/ off
´Ææ’hçC. á´È®jØ√ ¢Á∞¡xúø ç Å®·§Ú-®·ç ü¿E éπ*aûª çí¬ îÁÊ°pçü¿’èπ◊; ≤ƒ´÷†uçí¬
off/away
™‰èπ◊çú≈
went
´÷vûª¢Ë ’ ¢√úøôç, ´·êuçí¬¢√éπuç™ ™ äé𠶵 «í∫ ç *´®Ω í¬F, ¢√éπuç *´®Ωí¬F
went
´*a†-°æ ¤púø ’.
Q.
She tore up the letter without reading it.
ÅØËÑ ¢√éπuç™
up
ÅØË°æü¿ç áçü¿’èπ◊ Ö°æßÁ ÷-Tç î√L?
Up
èπÿú≈ àßË ’ Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™xÖ°æßÁ ÷-T ≤ƒh®Ω’?
A.
Tear up = Paper
™«çöÀ-¢√-öÀE ´·éπ\©’,´·éπ\©’í¬ *çîªúø ç.
Tear
Åçõ‰*çîªúø ç ÅE ´÷vûª¢Ë ’.
Q.
Apostrophe
E
possessives
ûÁ©’-°æú≈EéÀ¢√úø û√®Ω’ éπü∆? é¬F, O’®Ω’ í∫ûª ç™
theirs, yours,hers, ours
éÀ 
apostrophe
áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úø™‰ü¿’?ÅÆæ©’ DEo àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úø-û√®Ω’?
However
Å®Ωn ç àN’öÀ?
A.
Ours, yours, hers, and theirs, its-
ÉN
pos-sessive pronouns-
OöÀéÀ
apostrophe and/s
¢√úø†-´Ææ®Ω癉ü¿’. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰,
apostrophe
™‰èπ◊çú≈ØË, ÅN
possession
ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·. N’í∫û√
nouns
N≠æ-ߪ’ç™
possession
ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊,
apostrophe and s
äéπõ‰´÷®Ω  _ ç.
Apostrophe and s
¢√úøéπ§ÚûË 
confusion
èπ◊Ç≤ƒ\®Ωç ÖçC.
Actor =
†ô’úø ’;
Actor's =
†ô’úÕ/†ô’úÕßÁ ·éπ\. É™«
possession
(äéπJéÀîÁçC† N≠æߪ’ç ûÁL- Ê°çü¿’èπ◊)
's
¢√-úøû√ç.ÉçûËé¬èπ◊çú≈, àüÁ  jØ√ °æü¿ç™ äéπ Åéπ~®Ωç/¨¡•l ç ™°œÊÆh, ü∆Eo ûÁL-Ê°çü¿’èπ◊ èπÿú≈
apostrophe
¢√úøû√ç.
Isn't = Is not; Don't = Do not
(É™«î√™«îÓôx 
not
™
O
™°œ çîªú≈Eo ûÁL-Ê°çü¿’èπ◊
apostrophe
¢√úøû√ç).
Ma'am = Madam -
Ééπ\úø 
'd'
´C-™‰Ææ’hØ√oç.鬕öÀ  d, ü∆E •ü¿’©’
apostrophe
¢√ú≈L.
Q.
؈’ °‘@ î˨»†’. Æ涄  bèπ◊d™
perfect
Å®·Ø√
Spoken English
™
poor.
؈’ éπ∞«¨»-©™
teach
îËü∆l´’-†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o†’. DE-éÓÆæç ≤ÚpÈéØ˛ ÉçTx≠ˇéÓ®Ω ’q (È®çúø ’ ØÁ©©’) î˨»†’. Å®·ûË, ؈’ îÁ°æ p-í∫©ØÓ ™‰üÓ ÅE Ææ çüË£æ«çí¬ ÖçC. 鬕öÀ  d, ´·çü¿’í¬ w°j´’K §ƒ®∏ Ω-¨»-©™ ÉçTx≠ˇ¶Cµ çî√-©†’- èπ◊çô’-Ø√o†’. Ø√ Ç™- ÆæÈ®j çüËØ√? ûªT† Æ橣栅 É´y-í∫-©®Ω’.
A.
ÆæÈ®j çC é¬ü¿’. éπ∞«¨»-©™
teach
îËÊÆ Nü∆u-®Ω|ûªO’èπ◊çõ‰, üµ  Á  j®ΩuçûÓ, Çûª t-N¨»yÆæ çûÓ Åéπ\úË 
teach-ing
v§ƒ®ΩçGµ ççúÕ. O’®Ω’ ´’†Ææ ’ °öÀ  d 
Englishimprove
îËÆæ’èπ◊çõ‰ ûª°æ pèπ◊çú≈ éÌCl-é¬-©ç-™ØË
English
™ ¶«í¬
communicate
îËߪ’-í∫-©®Ω ’. Éçü¿’-éÓÆæç v°æûË uéπçí¬
Elementary School
™
English Subject
îÁ°œ p Æ洒ߪ’ç ´%ü∑  ∆ îËÆæ’-éÓ ´ü¿’l. ü∆EéÀ•ü¿’©’,
English Novels, English
çü¿-´÷´’ ™«çöÀN ¶«í¬ îªü¿-´çúÕ.
Englishnews telecasts
®ÓW -îª÷-úø çúÕ. DE-´©xî√™« v°æßÁ ÷-ï†ç Öçô’çC.
Md. Abdul Khuddus, Visakhapatnam
Q.
؈’ äéπ ví¬´’®˝ °æ ¤Ææ  h-éπç™
tenses
èπ◊ Ææç•çCµ ç*† éÌEo ¢√é¬u-©†’ ņ’-´CÆæ’h-Ø√o†’. Ø√èπ◊ éÌEo ¢√é¬u©’ Å®Ωn ç 鬴úø ç ™‰ü¿’. ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ¢√öÀéÀ Å®√n©’ N´J-≤ƒh®√?
He writes a letter (present indefinite tense).
A.
He writes a letter - writes - present simpletense -
véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ïJÍí °æEE ûÁ©’-°æ ¤- ûª’çC. Å®·ûË,
He writes a letter -
Ñ
sen-tence
èπ◊ ÅçûªÆæÈ®j† Å®Ωn ç ®√ü¿’. ÅüË 
He writesa letter once a week/ twice a month/ everyday etc.
™«çöÀ´÷ô©ûÓ ¢√úÕûË, ¢√®√-E-éÓ ≤ƒJ/ØÁ©èπ◊ È®çúø ’-≤ƒ®Ω’x/ v°æA®ÓW ÅE
regularity
(véπ´’ç ûª°æ pE ÅØËÅ®Ω  n ç ´îË a™«) ûÁLÊ° ´÷ô©’ ¢√úÕûË, Å°æ¤púø’
sentence
èπ◊Å®Ωn ç ´Ææ ’hçC. Åûªúø ’ ¢√®√-E-éÓ ≤ƒJ/ ØÁ©èπ◊ È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x...Öûª  h®Ωç ®√≤ƒhúø ’ ÅE.
Q.
He wrote a letter yesterday (past indefinitetense).
A.
He wrote a letter yesterday -
E†o ®√¨»úø ’ (°æEí∫ûª ç™ Å®·§Ú-®·çC).
Q.
He will do his home work (future indefinitetense).
A.
He will do his home work -
Åûªúø’
home work
îË≤ƒhúø ’ (Éçé¬ îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’, îËߪ’-¶-û√úø ’) –
will do- future simple tense.
Q.
He is writing a letter (present continuoustense).
A.
He is writing a letter -
ÉC É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷Ö†o °æE – Åûªúø ’ Öûªh®Ωç ®√Ææ’h-Ø√oúø ’.
Q.
He was reading a Novel (past continuoustense).
A.
He was reading a Novel -
í∫ûª ç
(past)
™ äéπÆæ´’-ߪ’ç™ é̆-≤ƒ-í∫’-ûª’†o 
(Continuing at sometime in the past)
°æEE ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC. (Å°æ ¤púø ’ Åûªúø ’
Novel
îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø ’)
Q.
He will be doing his home work (future con-tinuous tense).
A.
He will be doing his home work -
¶µ ºN≠æ uûª’h™äéπ Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ é̆-≤ƒ-í∫ ’-ûª’çúË°æE.
(Homework
îËÆæ’hçö«úø ’).
Q.
He has completed his home work (presentperfect tense).
A.
He has completed his home work-
Åûªúø ’
home work
î˨»úø ’. (°æE Å®·§Ú-®·çC í∫ûªç™. é¬F, á°æ ¤púø ’ ÅØËC éπ*aûª çí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’úø ç ™‰ü¿’).§Ú©açúÕ:
He completed home work one hourago =
äéπ í∫ çô véÀûª ç
home work
°æ ‹Jh î˨»úø ’. (í∫ûª ç™ éπ*aûªçí¬ ûÁL-Æœ† Æ洒ߪ’ç– í∫ çôvéÀûª ç– ïJ-T† °æE).
Q.
He had done his home work before he slept(past perfect tense).
A.
He had done his home work before he wentto bed -
Ééπ\úøÈ®çúø ’ °æ†’-©†’ – È®çúø ÷ í∫ûª ç™ ïJ-T†¢Ë– í∫ ’Jç* îÁ•’-ûª’Ø√oç. Å®·ûËÈ®çöÀ™ äéπöÀ´·çü¿÷, äéπöÀ ûª®√yûªïJ-í¬®· éπü∆ –
home work
îËߪ’úøç ´·çü¿’,°æúø’-éÓ-´úøç ûª®√yûªéπü∆. ´·çü¿’ ïJ-T†
past action: haddone - had+done(PP/V3)
™ ûÁ©’-°æ ¤- ûª’Ø√oç.
Q.
I shall have readyour book before I reach Hyderabad (futureperfect tense).
A.
Ééπ\úÕ 
verb shall have read- shall have +past participle of 'read' -
ÉC ¶µ ºN≠æ uûª’h™ äéπÆæ´’-ߪ’ç™°æ© ïJÍí °æEE ûÁ©’°æ ¤ûª’çC. £j «ü¿-®√- ¶«ü˛èπ◊ îË Í®-´·çüË؈’ F Öûªh-®√Eo îªC-¢ËÆœ Öçö«†’.
Q.
He has been doing his home work for twohours (present perfect continuous tense).
A.
He has been doing his home work for twohours now - present perfect continuoustense
á°æ ¤púø ÷ í∫ûª ç™ v§ƒ®Ω ç¶µ º¢Á’iÉçé¬ ï®Ω ’-í∫’- ûª’†o °æEE ûÁ©’-°æ ¤-ûª’çC. Åûªúø ’ È®çúø ’ í∫ çô©’í¬
home work
îËÆæ’h-Ø√oúø ’– È®çúø ’ í∫çô© véÀûª ç
(past
™) v§ƒ®ΩçGµ ç* Éçé¬îËÆæ ÷hØË ÖØ√oúø ’.)
Q.
She had been living here from 1980 to1990 (past perfect continuous tense).
A.
She had been living here from 1980 to1990 -
ÉC Åçûª 
correct meaning
´îË a 
sentence
é¬ü¿’. DEo èπÿú≈
past perfect
™«í¬ØËí∫ûª ç™ ïJ-T† È®çúø ’ °æ†’-©èπ◊ Ææ ç•çCµ çîË¢√úøû√ç.
He has been living here from 1980 - 1990when he got a transfer = 1990
™ ÅûªúÕéÀ
transfer
ÅßË ’u-ô°æp-öÀéÀÅûªúÕéπ\úø1980 †’ç* Öçô’-Ø√oúø ’. í∫ûªç™E È®çúø ’ °æ†’™xäéπöÀ ´·çüËv§ƒ®Ω綵 º¢Á’iÈ®çúÓ °æE ´®Ωèπ◊
continue
Å®·ûË, ´·çü¿’ °æEéÀ 
past perfect continuoustense
¢√úøû√ç.
Q.
By next March I shall have been completing20 years of service (future perfect continu-ous tense).
Ñ ¢√éπuç áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úø ’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’?
A.
By next March...
Ñ
sentence
èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† Å®Ωn ç ®√ü¿’. ÉC
future perfect continuous tense
™ÖçC.
Future
™ äéπ Ææ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ´·çü¿’í¬ v§ƒ®Ω綵 º¢Á’i, Ç Æ洒ߪ’ç ´®Ωèπ◊ é̆-≤ƒÍí °æEE
future perfect continuous tense
™ îÁ•’û√ç.
By this time next Sunday, I shall have beentravelling to Hyderabad =
´îË a ÇC-¢√®Ωç ÑÆæ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ؈’ £j «ü¿-®√-¶«ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ÷ùç îËÆæ ÷h Öçö«†’. (ÇC-¢√®Ωç Ñ Æ洒ߪ÷EéÀ ´·çüËv°æߪ÷ùç v§ƒ®Ω綵 º¢Á’i, Ñ Ææ´’-ߪ’çûÓ èπÿú≈ é̆- ≤ƒ-í∫’-ûª’çC).
P.J. Pranai Raj & S.K. Saifullah, Giddalur.
Q.
Please explain my doubts.a) complete b) entire c) whole.
A.
a) 'Complete' means, having every partsomething should have, every detail, andevery fact that is necessary. e.g. : This bookhas complete information about the subject= the book has all information that is thereabout the subject.'Complete' also means, as much as is pos-sible.e.g. : The work is complete (nothingundone) with this meaning, it is equal to'whole'.b & c) Entire = whole - The entireclass/work/village = The wholeclass/work/village.
Q.
a) Minimize b) Reduce c) Lower
A.
a) Minimize = Make as small as possible-reduce something to as little as possible.e.g. : We have tried to minimize the troubleto you = We have tried to make theleast trouble for you. (It cannot bemade less).b) Reduce = Make something less or small-er in size.e.g. : a) The manager reduced the salaries(Made the salaries less).b) The trips havebeen reduced fromfive to three =Trips
†’ 5 †’ç* 3 èπ◊ûªT_ ç-î√®Ω ’.
c) 'to lower' also has themeaning of makingsomething less orsmaller.They lowered the prices of their products =They reduced the prices...'To lower' has another meaning = to makesomething go down (opposite of 'raise').e.g. : He raised his hand but immediatelylowered it (= brought it down).'To lower' also means to do something thatmakes you less respected.e.g. : Don't lower yourself by borrowingmoney (= If you borrow money, othersrespect you less).
Q.
Advice, suggestion. Explain the differencein the usage of those words.
A.
Suggest means to give somebody an idea,or put a thought in somebody's mind *indi-rectly.Advice means an opinion you give othersabout what they should do. This is strongerthan suggestion.
Q.
What is the similar expression to the belowgiven 'The Rose is very beautiful'.a) How beautiful the Rose is!b) How beautiful is the Rose!
A.
Sentence a) is equivalent to 'the Rose isvery beautiful'. b) is a question. When yousay "How beautiful is the Rose?" You wantto know how much its beauty is.
 Anjali, Karnataka
Q.
Helping words
ᙫ Ö°æßÁ ÷-Tçî√™ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL- ߪ’úø ç ™‰ü¿’. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰°∂  æ™«Ø√ v§Úví¬ç °∂  æ™«Ø√ îµ√†-™¸™ ´Ææ’hçü¿E îÁ°æ p-ú≈EéÀ
'only on POGO','only on DD1'
Åçö«®Ω’.
On
Åçõ‰Â°j†/O’ü¿ ÅEÅ®Ωn ç éπü∆? Å™«çô°æ ¤púø ’
'only in POGO', 'onlyin DD1'
ÅE ®√ߪ’-´îª’a éπü∆! Ø√ Ææ çüË£æ…Eo B®Ωa í∫-©®Ω’.
A.
TV, Radio
™«çöÀ
visual
(ü¿%¨¡u),
Audio
(v¨¡´ù)
media
N≠æߪ’ç™,
TV
™,
Radio
™ ÅE ûÁ©’í∫’™ Åçö«ç. é¬F
English
™, É™«çöÀîÓôxÅçõ‰ 
TV
™/
Radio
™/ °∂  æ™«Ø√
Channel
™–É™« ûÁ©’-í∫ ’™ ´îË a ¢√ôEo-öÀéà
on
ÅØËÅçö«ç.
e.g. : The programme went on/aired on theTV/ the Radio/ on Channel 10/ Channel 9/ ETV, etc. On
-áçü¿’èπ◊ -¢√-ú≈©ØËv°æ¨¡oèπ◊ Éçü¿’- ´©xÅØË 
rule
àO’ ™‰ü¿’. ÉC ¢√úø ’éπ
(usage).
M.SURESAN
-Ççí∫    x- ¶µ  «- ≠æ-ù Ççí∫    x- ¶µ  «- ≠æ-ù
536
 
How beautiful the rHow beautiful the rose is!ose is!
Spoken English
-§ƒûª -¢√u≤ƒ©éÓÆæç - éÀ   x é˙-îË - ßª ’ç- úÕ ..
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
 
-Ç-C- ¢√®Ωç 15 °∂    œ- v     •-´-J 2009Ñ-Ø√úø ’    £j«ü¿ ®√¶«ü˛
3
Suhrid:
Hi Pramod, Why do I see you alone?What's happened to Sasir? Didn't youtell me you'd bring him along?
(†’´¤y äçôJí¬ éπ†-°æúø’-ûª’-Ø√o-¢Ë çöÀ?¨¡P-®˝èπ◊ à¢Á’i çC?¨¡P®˝ àúŒ? FûÓ§ƒô’ ÅûªúÕF BÆæ ’- éÌ≤ƒh-†-Ø√o´¤ éπü∆?)
Pramod:
I did, but I waited and waited for him,saw no signs of him and started as Ididn't want to be late.
(îÁ§ƒp†’ Eï¢Ë ’. Å®·ûËÅûªúÕéÓÆæ ç îª÷Æœîª÷Æœ, ÅûªúÕ ñ«úø™‰O’ ™‰éπ§Ú-ßË ’- ÆæJéÀ, ؈’ Ç©Ææ uç é¬èπÿúøü¿E ´îË a¨»†’.)
Suhrid:
I just can't figure out what's wrong withhim. He is never on time. I never bar-gained for this kind of disappointmentwhen I wanted him here this evening.
(ÅûªúÕÆæ´’-ÊÆuçö Ø√éπ®Ωn ç鬴ôç ™‰ü¿’. Åûªúø ’ üËEéÃÆæ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ®√úø ’. Ñ ≤ƒßª’ç vû√-EéÀÅûªúÕE Ééπ\úÕéÀ®Ω´’t-†o-°æ ¤púø ’ Ñ E®√¨¡ áü¿’-®Ω-´¤ûª’çü¿E ؈’ ņ’-éÓ™‰ü¿’.)
Pramod:
I'm telling you now. I never count onhim in matterslike this.
(É°æ¤púø’ Fèπ◊îÁ•’-ûª’Ø√o.É™«çöÀ N≠æ-ߪ÷™x؈ûªúÕO’ü¿ Çüµ  ∆®Ω-°æúø†’.)
Suhrid:
It never dawned on me to consult youbefore I thought of calling him. Yea,you know better about him, and youhave more experience of organizingsuch matters.
(ÅûªúÕE °œL-îË´·çü¿’ E†’o Ææ çv°æCçî√-©ØË Ç™-îªØËØ√èπ◊ ®√™‰ü¿’. Å´¤†’.. ÅûªúÕ í∫ ’Jç* Ø√éπçõ‰FÍé ¶«í¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’. É™«çöÀN≠æߪ÷-©†’ E®Ωy£œ «çîªúø ç™ Ø√éπçõ‰Fèπ◊ áèπ◊\´ -ņ’¶µ º´ç -ÖçC.)
Pramod:
Why don't you advise him? Why don'tyou tell him to be more reliable?
(ÅûªúÕéÀF¢Á çü¿’èπ◊ Æ橣栅 É´yèπÿúøü¿’? é¬Ææh Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æ-úø-í∫© ´uéÀhí¬ Öçúø-´’E îÁ§Òp-aí¬?)
Suhrid:
I have, a number of times, but he justlaughs it off.
(î√™«≤ƒ®Ω’xîÁ°œ p îª÷¨»†’. é¬F, Åûªúø ’ àç îÁ°œ pØ√ †Ny ÆæJ-°úøû√úø ’.)
Pramod:
OK. If he can let us down like this, hewill miss out on the fun we're going tohave at the party, though his songswon't be there.
(Ææ Í®x. ´’†Lo™« †N’tç* ´C-™‰ÊÆh, -Åûªúø’ èπÿú≈ Ééπ\úø ïJÍí NØÓ-ü¿-´’çû√éÓ™p-û√úø ’. ´·êuçí¬ ÅûªúÕ§ƒô©’.)
Pramod:
At least let us enjoy the party withoutthinking of him. Just don't worry. I amsure we can carry it off withoutSasir's participation.
(Ééπ ÅûªúÕí∫’Jç* -Ç™-*çîªèπ◊çú≈ ´’†ç §ƒKdE džçCü∆l ç. àç °∂  æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. ¨¡P®˝ §ƒvûª™‰èπ◊çú≈ØË´’†ç DEo Nï-ߪ’-´çûª ç îËߪ’-í∫©´’؈´’téπç Ø√èπ◊çC.)
Suhrid:
Well, Sasir has taught us not to rely onthe likes of him. We should try to findsome one to fill his place.
(ûª†-™«çöÀ ¢√∞¡x-O’ü¿ Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æ-úø-èπÿ-úø-ü¿Ø˧ƒ®∏Ω ç ¨¡P®˝ ´’†èπ◊ ØË®√púø ’. ÅûªúÕ•ü¿’©’ ´’†ç ÉçÈé´JØÁ  jØ√ BÆæ’-éÓ¢√L.)
Pramod:
But, that will take sometime for us tobreak the new comer in.
(Å®·ûËÅûªúÕéÀ/ éÌûªh-¢√-úÕéÀÅ©¢√-ôßË ’uç ü¿’èπ◊ Æ洒ߪ’ç °æúø ’-ûª’çC éπü∆?)
Suhrid:
We have no other way. Sunil is wortha try. He has the talent in him, and thebreak in period will be short.
(Åçûªéπçõ‰´÷®Ω  _癉ü¿’. Ææ’F™¸ v°æߪ’ûª oç îËߪ’-ü¿-T†-¢√úË. ÅûªúÕ™ v°æA¶µ º ÖçC. Åçü¿’- ´©xPéπ~ù 鬩ç èπÿú≈ ûªèπ◊\¢ËÖçô’çC.)
Pramod:
That is an idea, but what are wegoing to do for this party?
(ÅC ´’ç* Ç™-îªØË. Å®·ûËÉ°æ ¤úŒ §ƒKd ÍéçîËü∆l ç?)
Suhrid:
OK, then. Let's now sit and give somethought to the layout of the pro-gramme.
(ÆæÍ®. É°æ¤púø’ ´’†çèπÿ®Ω’aE, ´’† 鬮Ωu-véπ´’v°æù«Réπ†’ Æœü¿l¥ ç îËü∆l ç).
Layout = Plan
´’†ç
Phrasal Verbs
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çô’†o véπ´’ç™ ¶µ «í∫ çí¬
daily life situations
™ ûª®Ωîª÷ NE-°œçîË ¢√öÀE É°æ¤púø’ îª÷ü∆l ç.
Look at the following Phrasal Verbs from the dialogue above: 
1) I just can't figure outwhat's wrong with him.2) I never bargained forthis kind of disappoint-ment.3) I never count onhim in matters like this
.
4) ... he just laughs it off
.
5) If he can let us downlike this...6) ... he will miss outon the fun.7) ... we can carry it offwithout Sasi's partici-pation
.
8) It will take some time for us to break him in
.
9) Let's give some thoughtto it.
1. Figure out
(Past tense and Past Participle -Figured out) =
Å®Ωn ç îËÆæ’-éÓ´úø ç. (üËØÁ  joØ√/ á´J-ØÁ  jØ√). áèπ◊\´í¬ Å®Ωn ç îËÆæ’-éÓ™‰éπ §Ú´úø ç ÅØË ü∆Eo 
not
ûÓ ¢√úøû√ç.
a) We could not figure outher intentions =
Ç¢Á’ÖüË  l¨»-©†’ ¢Ë ’ç Å®Ω  n ç îËÆæ’-éÓ™‰éπ§Úߪ÷ç.
b) I am unable to figure out what you wantexactly =
FéπÆ晉 ç 鬢√™ Ø√éπ®Ωn ç 鬴úø ç™‰ü¿’.
c) Have you figured outthe money you needfor the journey?
v°æߪ÷-ù«-EÈéçûª Å´-Ææ-®Ω¢Á÷ à´’Ø√o -™„ Íé\¨»¢√?/ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?2)
Bargain for [PastTense (PT) &Past Participle(PP) - Bargainedfor] =
´’†ç,ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çü¿E ņ’-éÓE N≠æߪ’ç/ àüÓņ’-èπ◊çõ‰ ÉçÍéüÓï®Ω-í∫úø ç.
a) When he played the game of dice,Dharmaraja never bargained forthe loss ofhis kingdom =
üµ¿®Ωt®√V Wü¿ç ÇúË çü¿’èπ◊ Æœü¿l ¥¢Á’i †-°æ ¤úø ’ ®√ïuç §ÚíÌô’dèπ◊çö«úø†’-éÓ™‰ü¿’. (ÉC èπÿú≈ áèπ◊\´
not
ûÓØË¢√úøû√ç ÅØËN≠æߪ’ç í∫´’- Eçî√L.)
b) When I applied for the job here I didn't bar-gainfor this kind of hard work =
Ñ ÖüÓu-í¬EéÀü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h îËÆæ’-èπ◊†o-°æ¤púø’ ØËEçü¿’™ Éçûªáèπ◊\´ °æE Öçô’çü¿-†’-éÓ™‰ü¿’.
c) Ahusband without understanding was notwhat she bargainedfor when she marriedhim =
ÅûªúÕE °RxîËÆæ’-èπ◊†o-°æ ¤púø ’, Å®Ωn ç îËÆæ ’- éÓ™‰E ¶µ º®Ωhí¬ Öçö«úøE Ç¢Á’ ņ’-éÓ™‰ü¿’.
3) Count on
(PTand PPcounted on) =
Çüµ  ∆-®Ω-°æ-úøôç/ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çü¿E †´’túø ç.
a) She is counting onmy taking her to theinterview place = Interview
îÓöÀéÀ¢Á∞Ïx ç ü¿’èπ◊ Ç¢Á’ Ø√ O’ü¿ Çüµ  ∆®Ω-°æúø ’ûÓçC/ ؈’ BÆæ ’-èπ◊¢Á∞¡û√-†Øˆ´’téπçûÓ ÖçC.
b) She is counting on her getting money ontime and is planning to buy things =
Ææ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀúø•’s îËAéÌÆæ ’hçü¿Øˆ´’téπçûÓ Ç¢Á’ ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ éÌØË çü¿’èπ◊ Æœü¿l ¥´’¯ûÓçC.
c) Don't count onmy joining the picnic tomor-row. I've an exam coming =
 Í®°æ¤ ؈’
picnic
èπ◊ ´≤ƒh-†E °æ ‹Jh †´’téπç °ô
 
 ’déÓèπ◊. Ø√éÓ °æKéπ~´≤ÚhçC.
4) Laugh something off
=Åçûªv§ƒ´·êuç ™‰EN≠æߪ’çí¬ †´¤yûª÷, éÌöÀd-§ƒ-Í®-ߪ’úøç, †Ny,ÆæJ°ôdúø ç.
a) Sure of a majority, he laughed all the objec-tions off/ laughed off all objections =
¢Á’ñ«Jöô≤Úhçü¿Øˆ´’téπçûÓ, ÅEo Ŷµ ºuçûª®√-©†÷ ÅûªúÓ †´¤yûÓ ÆæJ-°ö«dúø ’.
b) When I asked him when he would repay me,he just laughed it off =
Ø√ úø•’s á°æ¤púø’ AJ-T≤ƒh-´E ÅúÕTûˆNy îÁ©’x¶„ö«dúø ’ (Éçé¬ -É´yúø ç àçôØËÅ®Ω  nç ´îË a™«).
c) Don't laugh it off. Just tell me clearly whetheryou passed or failed =
†Ny Ü®Ω’-éÓ´ü¿’
 
  l.éπ*aûª çí¬ îÁ°æ ¤p. †’´¤y
pass
Åߪ÷u¢√,
fail
Åߪ÷u¢√?
5) Let (somebody) down
(PT& PP: let ...) =
ņo ´÷ô E©¶„ô’déÓéπ§Ú-´úø ç (´·êuçí¬.. ´÷ô É*a Ææ£æ …ߪ’ç îËߪ’-éπ§Ú-´úø ç).
a) She let him downin the last minute by votingagainst him =
*´J EN’-≠æç™ ÅûªúÕéÀ´uA  Í®-éπçí¬ ãô’-¢ËÆœÅûªúÕo ´·ç*çC.
b) I am sure you won't let us down=
†’´¤y ††’o ¶µ ºçí∫°æ®Ω-E †´·tûª’-Ø√o†’.
c) Many farmers feel that the Government haslet them down byhelping land grabber in thename of SEZ =
v°æûË uéπ ÇJnéπ ´’çúø∞¡xèπ◊ ¶µ º÷ÊÆ-éπ ®Ωù Ê°®Ω’ûÓ éπ¶«b-ü∆-®Ω’-©èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îËÆœv°æ¶µ º’ûª yç ûª´’†’ ´·ç*ç-ü¿Eî√™«-´’çC È®jûª’©’ņ’èπ◊çô’Ø√o®Ω’.
d) I told him I'd attend the party and I can't lethim downin the last minute =
ÅûªúÕ §ƒKdéÀ´≤ƒh-†E ´÷öÀî√a†’. *´J EN’-≠æ ç™ ¢Á∞¡xèπ◊çú≈ ؈ûªúÕE E®√-¨¡°æ-®Ω-îª-™‰†’.
6) Miss out on some-thing =
éÓ™p-´úø ç.
a) The discount saleis just for one moreday Hurry up or You'llmiss out on agood bargain = Discount Sale
ÉçéÌéπ\®ÓV ´÷vûª¢Ë ’. ûª y®Ω-°æúø ’. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰´’ç* ¶‰®Ωç éÓ™p-û√´¤.
b) The traffic jam held me up and I missed outon the funny part of the movie =
vö«°∂  œé˙ ®ΩDl†Ø√o-°æúøç´©xÆœE´÷™ £æ …Ææ u ÆæEo-¢Ë¨»Eo  éÓ™p-ߪ÷†’.
c) We didn't have a TV when I was a child andI missed out-on a lot of fun =
Ø√ *†o-ûª†ç™
TV
™‰éπ§Ú-´úøçûÓ î√™« NØÓü¿ç éÓ™p-ߪ÷†’.
7) Carry off
=
Nï-ߪ’ç/•£æ ›´’-ûª’©’ §Òçü¿úø ç.
a) The Indian team carried off theHealthsurance trophy =
¶µ«®Ωû˝ ïô’d
Healthsurance trophy
E Èí©’--èπ◊çC.
b) They carried off the day winning all prizes =
ÅEo 
prize
©÷ Èí©’--èπ◊EÑ ®Óïçû√ Nï-ߪ’çûÓ ÖØ√o®Ω ’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx.
c) Indian team can't carry it off without Dhoni =
üµ ÓF ™‰éπ§Úû˶µ «®Ωû˝ ïô’dÈí©´™‰ü¿’.
8) Break (something/ somebody) in =
àüÁ  jØ√éÌûª  h °æEéÀá´J-ØÁ  jØ√ Å©¢√ô’ °æúË™« îËߪ’úø ç.
a) He was worried about starting the new job,but didn't take long to break in=
éÌûª  h ÖüÓuí∫ çᙫ Å©¢√ô’ îËÆæ ’-éÓ¢√L?ÅE ņ’-èπ◊çC í¬F, ûª y®Ω-í¬ØËÇ¢Á’ ü∆EéÀÅ©¢√ô’ °æúÕ çC.
b) I' am afraid I require some more time tobreak myself in =
Ñ ÖüÓu-í¬EéÀÅ©¢√ô’ °æúË ç ü¿’èπ◊ Ø√èπ◊ Éçé¬Ææh Æ洒ߪ’ç Å´Ææ®Ω-´’-†’-èπ◊çö«.
Break in,
éÌûªh îÁ°æ ¤p-©èπ◊, éπ∞¡xñ-∞¡xèπ◊, éÌûª  h ®Ωéπç •ôd ©èπÿ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç– ÅN Å©¢√ô’ °æúË çü¿’èπ◊.
The shoes have a break-inperiod =
Ç îÁ°æ ¤p©’ Å©¢√ô’ ÅßË ’uçü¿’èπ◊é¬Ææ  h Æ洒ߪ’ç °æúø ’-ûª’çC. Å™«Íí ïçûª’-´¤©†’ (áü¿’l©÷, í∫’v®√-©™«çöÀN) ´’*aéπ îËÆæ ’-éÓ´ú≈Eo èπÿú≈
break in
Åçö«ç.
It will take some more time for me to breakthe horse in=
í∫’v®√Eo ´’*aéπ îËÆæ’-ØË çü¿’èπ◊Ø√èπ◊ é¬Ææh Æ洒ߪ’ç °æúø ’-ûª’çC.
 
M.SURESAN
-Ççí∫    x- ¶µ  «- ≠æ-ù Ççí∫    x- ¶µ  «- ≠æ-ù
537
 W  W e could not figure could not figure out her intentionse out her intentions
Spoken English
-§ƒûª -¢√u≤ƒ©éÓÆæç - éÀ   x é˙-îË - ßª ’ç- úÕ ..
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
M. Lakshmi, Hyderabad
Q:
For
ÅØËC
preposition
™ ÖçC.
con- junction
™ èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
Have+PP
ûÓèπÿú≈ ´Ææ ’hçC.
For
Åçõ‰ 'éÓÆæ ç, †’ç*—ÅE ´÷vûª¢Ë ’ Ø√èπ◊ Å®Ω  n´’-®·çC. Éçé¬ à¢Á’iØ√ Å®√n©’-Ø√oߪ÷? N´JççúÕ?
A:
For
Åçõ‰O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ-†-ô’dí¬ 'éÓÆæ ç— ÅØË Å®Ω  n ç ÖçC. Å®·ûË'†’ç*— ÅE ´÷vûª ç ™‰ü¿’.
Have/ has +PP
¢√úÕ†-°æ ¤púø ’,
for
èπ◊ Å®Ωn ç, Éçûªé¬©çí¬
 /
Éçûªé¬©ç§ƒô’ ÅE.
He has worked here for 2 years now.
(ÅûªúÕéπ\úøÈ®çúË∞¡x§ƒô’ °æE î˨»úø ’/ ÅûªúÕéπ\úø È®çúË∞¡Ÿxí¬ °æE-î˨»úø ’ ÅE.)
for
Åçõ‰ 
because
(Åçü¿’-´©x) ÅØËÉçéÓ Å®Ωn ç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
I like him for he is good =
Åûª†’ ´’ç*¢√úø´ôç´©x Åûªúø çõ‰Ø√éÀ≠æ  d ç.
Q:
Up
äéπ
word
ûª®Ω ’¢√ûª´Ææ ’hçC.
e.g. : Flaredup, further up, slideit up
É™« àßË ’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úø´îª’a?
A:
O’J-*a†
expressions
™
up,
Ç
expressions
Å®√nEo é¬Ææ  h áèπ◊\´ îËÆæ’hçC.
up =
Éçé¬Ææ  h.
Flare up =
Ö†o-ô’d çúÕ 
(sudden
í¬) °ü¿lí¬ v°æ鬨¡´çûª çí¬ ´’çúøôç.
flare =
é¬çAûÓ ´’çúøôç,ûªèπ◊\-´ÊÆ°æ ¤.
further up =
Éçé¬Ææ  h ´·çü¿’èπ◊/ Éçé¬Ææ  h ü¿÷®Ω ç ¢Á∞¡xúø ç/ ï®Ω-í∫úø ç,
etc., Further =
Éçé¬
Move further up, please =
Éçé¬Ææ  h ü¿÷®Ωç ï®Ω-í∫ çúÕ.
Go further up and turn left =
Éçé¬ ´·çü¿’èπ◊ ¢ÁRxáúø´’-¢Á  j°æ¤ A®Ω-í∫ çúÕ.
Slideit up =
ÉC èπÿú≈ ÅçûË. ÉçéÌçîÁ ç
(up)
ñ«®ΩaçúÕ.
Q:
Used to
Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? ü¿ßª’-îËÆœûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω ’.
A:
Used to -
í∫ûª ç™ ¢√úø’-éπí¬ îËÊÆ °æEE É™« Åçö«ç.
a) He used to meet me regularly =
Å°æ pöxÅûªúø ’ †ØÁ o-°æ ¤púø ÷ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË¢√úø ’.
b) I used to take long walks those days =
Ç®ÓV™x؈’ î√™« ü¿÷®√©’ †úÕîË¢√-úÕE.
c) He used to waste money on clothes =
Åûªúø ’ ü¿’Ææ ’h© O’ü¿ úø•’s ¶«í¬ ´%ü∑  ∆ îËÊÆ-¢√úø ’.
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