-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 17 --- ¢Ë ’ 2009Ñ-Ø√úø ’  £j «-ü¿ ®√¶«- ü˛
2
C. Janardhan, NalgondaQ.
You can count on me
Ñ ¢√é¬u-EéÀûÁ©’-í∫ ’™ Å®Ωn ç ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω ’.
A.
You can count on me =
Ø√ O’ü¿†’´¤y Çüμ Δ®Ω-°æúø´îª’a (Fèπ◊ ؈’ ûª°æ p-
èπ◊çú≈ ≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh†’)
To count on =
(äéπJ-O’ü¿) Çüμ Δ®Ω-°æúøôç.
Q.
O’®Ω’ Ø√èπ◊ É°œ pç*† öÃO °æE-îË-ߪ’úø ç ™‰ü¿’. Ñ
¢√é¬uEo ÉçTx≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?
A.
The T.V. you got for me is not working/ Something is wrong with the T.V. you got forme.
Q.
éÀ çC °æüΔ-©èπ◊ Å®√n©’ N´Jçîª-í∫-©®Ω ’.
a) Ain't b) gonna c) gotta d) kinda
A. Ain't
= am not
(ÉC
American blacks
¢√úø ’éπ
-I ain't going there = I am not going there -educated
¢√úË´÷ôé¬ü¿’.)
gonna
= going to
gotta
= got toI've gotta go there = I've got to go there =
؈-éπ\úÕéÀ¢Á∞«xL.
kinda
= Kind ofIt's a kinda fish = It's akind of fish.
Q.
Till, until
© -Å®Ωnç-ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’.
A.
till = until
B. Sattibabu, KadiamQ.
ÉçTx≠ˇ¶μ «≠æ™
verb
™‰E ¢√é¬u©’ Öçúø´E äéπîÓô îªC-¢√†’.
What about your food on the journey?
Ñ ¢√éπuç™
verb
àC?
A.
What about your food on the journey?/ How about your food on the journey? -
É™«çöÀ¢√öÀE
sentence
ÅE ņ™‰ ç. ´÷´‚©’í¬ OöÀE
English conversation
(Ææ ç¶μ «≠æù)
á´-JûÓ†®·Ø√ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gμ ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç Ç
Ææ çí∫ûËN’öÀÅØËÅ®Ωn çûÓ.
How/ What about your friends? Are theycoming? =
O’ v°∂ çú˛q Ææ çí∫ûËçöÀ? ¢√∞ÔxÆæ ’h-
Ø√o®√?
Q.
ÉçTx≠ˇ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωn ç îÁÊ°p-ô°æ ¤púø’
ûÁ©’í∫’ ¢√é¬u© *´®Ω éπy¨¡aØ˛ ´÷®˝\ °úø ’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω ’.
ÉçTx≠ˇ¢√é¬u© *´®Ω °ôdúø ç ™‰ü¿’. áçü¿’-éπE?
How about/ What about your new bike =
F éÌûª h ¶„ jé˙ Ææ çí∫ûË çöÀ? (ᙫ ÖçC?)
A.
ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ´’†ç éπüΔ? é¬üΔ? ÅE Ææ®Ωy≤ƒ-üμ Δ®Ω-
ùçí¬ ¢√úøû√ç éπüΔ? DEéÀ
English
™ Ææ´÷-†-¢Á’i†N ™‰´¤.
(Question tags
ûª°æp
)
. É°æ ¤púø ’ ÑéÀ çC
sentence
îª÷úø çúÕ.
Why (do you) read the newspaper. Youcan watch the news on the TV. = Newspaper
áçü¿’èπ◊ îªü¿’-´¤û√´¤. ¢√®Ω h©’ öÃO ™ îª÷úÌa–-
É™« ÅØË•ü¿’©’ ´’†ç ´÷´‚©’í¬ '¢√®Ωh©’öÃO™ îª÷úÌa éπüΔ?— ņúøç Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬Öçô’çC éπüΔ?äéπ ¶μ «≠æ™ç* ÉçéÓ ¶μ «≠æ™éÀņ’´CçîË
ô°æ ¤púø ’ ᙫ Öçõ‰Å™« ņ’-´CÊÆh é¬Ææ h éπ%vA
´’çí¬ Öçô’çC. ÅçûËé¬èπ◊çú≈ †’´¤y E†o O’öÀ çí˚èπ◊ ®√-™‰ü¿’ -ÅØË çü¿’éπçõ‰áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√™‰ü¿’? ņúø ç
áèπ◊\´ Å®√nEo ÉÆæ’hçC.
Hi Priya you're not to seen =
'†’´¤y éπE-°œ çîªúø癉ü¿’— éπçõ‰†’¢Ë yçöÀéπE-°œ çîªúø ç ™‰ü¿’?/ †’´¤y
éπE-°œ çîªúø 癉üË ç? ņúø ç ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Ææ£æ «ïçí¬ ÅE-
°œÆæ’hçC ÅØËÖüË l¨¡çûÓ
Question mark(?)English
™ ™‰éπ§Ú-®·Ø√ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ¢√úøû√ç.' ?—
™‰èπ◊çú≈ èπÿú≈ ņ’-´Cça, °ü¿lûËú≈ Öçúøü¿’.
Q.
a) He is through with his home work.b) He has completed his home work.
°jÈ®çúø’ ¢√é¬u© ´’üμ ¿u Ö†o ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?
A.
He has completed his home work.He's through with his home work.
O’®Ω†oô’x,¢Á·ü¿öÀ
sentence,
È®çúÓ
sentence
éπçõ‰Ææ’©¶μºçí¬ Å®Ωn ç Å´¤ûª’çC. Å®·ûË
conversation
(Ææç¶μ «≠æù)™
variety
éÓÆæ ç á°æ ¤púø ÷ äÍé-´÷ô
¢√úø ç. ûÁ©’-í∫ ’™ èπÿú≈ ÅçûËéπüΔ? -Åûªúø ’
homework
°æ ‹Jh î˨»úø ’ – DØË o ®Ωéπ®Ω-鬩’í¬ îÁ°æ p-´îª’a.
ÖüΔ£æ «®Ω-ùèπ◊ -ÅûªúÕ£æ «Ùç´®˝\ °æ ‹®Ωh-®·uçC/ ÅûªúÕ
£æ «Ùç´®˝\ Å®·uçC – É™«.ï†-í∫ù´’† §ƒúøüΔ´÷ Ééπ? ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«ç
éπüΔ, '°æ ‹Jh-îËüΔl´÷— ÅØËÅ®Ωn çûÓ.
'Be through' (= complete) -
ÉC
idiomEnglish
™. Ææ çü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀ dÆæ’©¶μ ºçí¬ Å®Ωn ç
îËÆæ’-éӴa.
Q.
If I have any time left that day, I will go toyour place.If
ÅØËC á°æ ¤p-úÁ°æ¤púø’ Ö°æßÁ ÷-Tçî√L.
left
™‰èπ◊çú≈ ¢√éπuç ®√ߪ’-èπÿúøüΔ?
will go
•ü¿’©’
will come
®√ߪ’-èπÿúøüΔ?
A.
If =
Å™« Å®·ûËØË/ Ç °æJÆœ nA™ØË.
If you pay the money, I will give you thebooks =
†’´¤y úø•’s éπúÕûËØË؈’ Fèπ◊ °æ ¤Ææ h-é¬L-
≤ƒh†’.
If you know English, you can get a good job =
Fèπ◊ ÉçTx≠ˇûÁLÊÆh (ûÁL-Æœ†-ôd®·ûË), ´’ç*
ÖüÓuí∫ç ûÁaéÓí∫©´¤.
a) IfI have any time =
Ø√Íé-üÁ jØ√ Æ洒ߪ’ç Öçõ‰..
b) If I have any time left =
Ø√Íé-üÁ jØ√ Æ洒ߪ’ç
N’TLûË.
(left =
N’TL Ö†o)
sentence a
,
b
© ´’üμ ¿u ûËú≈ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπüΔ?
c)
´’†ç Ö†o-îÓöÀéÀ á´È®jØ√ ®√´úø ç =
comego =
á´È®jØ√ áéπ\úÕÈéjØ√ ¢Á∞¡xúø ç. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ O’
ÉçöÀéÀ؈’ ´≤ƒh†’ ņúø ç Ææ£æ «ïç. ÉüË
Å®Ωn çûÓ ÉçTx≠ˇ™
I will go to your place
ņúø ç áèπ◊\´. Å®·ûË؈’ É°æ ¤púÌÆæ ’h-Ø√o†’
ÅØË çü¿’èπ◊
I am coming
Åçö«ç.
Q.
Being
ÅØËC
passive voice
™ Ö°æßÁ ÷-T≤ƒhç
éπüΔ. é¬F éÀçC ¢√éπuç™
passive
™ ™‰ü¿’.
Ajubilant union minister Sharad Pawarafter being elected president of the board ofcontrol for cricket in India, in Kolkata on tues-day.
DEo ᙫ í∫’Jhçî√™ N´Jçîªí∫©®Ω ’.
A.
..... after being elected ...
Ééπ\úø
being elect-ed
(O’®Ω-†oô’x
being + v
3
) passive voice
Å´¤-ûª’çC, ᆒo-éÓ•úø fûª®√yûªÅØËÅ®Ω nçûÓ.
Being seen [being + v
3
(PP)] there isn'tgood =
Åéπ\úøîª÷úø•-úøôç
(passive)
´’ç*Cé¬ü¿’. (Åéπ\úøéπE-°œ çîªúø ç ´’ç*C é¬ü¿’).
K. Srikala, Rayagada (Orissa)Q.
1. I miss you.2. I am missing you.
Ñ È®çúÕ çöÀéÀ-ûËú≈
-àN’-öÀ?à
tense
™ Ö°æ-ßÁ ÷-T≤ƒh®Ω ’.
I am
missing you
ÅÆæ©’ ¢√-úÌî√a ™‰üΔ?
3. E†o ؈’ E†’o N’ÆˇÅߪ÷u†’. DEo ÉçTx≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?
4. äéπ °æC-®ÓV©’ N’ÆˇÅ®·u, °æü¿-éÌçúÓ ®ÓV
éπLÆœ, °æC ®ÓV©’ E†’o N’ÆˇÅߪ÷u†’ ÅEᙫ îÁ•’û√®Ó ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.
A.
i) I miss you =
†’´¤y ™‰éπ§Ú-´úø ç Ø√èπ◊ éÌ®Ω-ûªí¬
ÖçC = †’´¤y™‰E ™ô’ ņ’¶μ ºNÆæ ’hØ√o†’. -
ii) I am missing you
èπ◊ èπÿú≈ °jÅ®Ωn¢Ë ’ ´Ææ’hçC.
Å®·ûËÑ
form (am missing / is missing / are missing)
¢√úøéπç î√™« ûªèπ◊\´.
I miss/ he (she) misses
ÅØËáèπ◊\´í¬ Åçö«ç.
iii) I missed you yesterday.iv) 11
´ ®ÓV É™« îÁ°æ pçúÕ:
I have missed youfor the past/ for the lastten days.
P. Shyamson,Kotaiah CampQ.
Would, should,could, might
àÆæ çü¿-®Ωs¥ ç™ ¢√úø-
û√®Ó ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰ßª’çúÕ.
A. Uses of would:
i) Will
èπ◊
past form
í¬
would
¢√úøû√ç. Åçõ‰í∫ûª ç™ †’ç* ¶μ ºN≠æ uûª’h ûÁL-Ê°çü¿’èπ◊.
He says he will meet me (He says =
ÅûªE-°æ ¤p-úøçô’-Ø√oúø’,
he will meet me =
††’o éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çö«†E. É°æ pöÀ
(present)
†’ç*
future
îÁÊ°pçü¿’èπ◊
will (meet)
¢√ú≈ç éπüΔ. éÀ çC¢√é¬uEo îª÷úø çúÕ.
He said
(Åûª†-Ø√oúø’, í∫ûª ç™)
he wouldmeet me
(††’o éπ©’-Ææ ’-èπ◊çö«†E) ††’o éπ©’-Ææ ’-
èπ◊çö«†E. Åûªúø ’ í∫ûª ç™ îÁ§ƒpúø ’ Åçõ‰Åûªúø ’
††’o éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ´úø ç, í∫ûª ç †’ç*
future
™éÀ,鬕öÀ d
would
¢√ú≈ç.
ii) 'would'
-†’
question form
™
present
(É°æ ¤p-úø’)™ î√™« íı®Ω-´çí¬
request
èπ◊/
permission
èπ◊/
offer
(àüÁ jØ√ Éûª®Ω’©’
Åúøèπ◊\çú≈ ´’†ç É´yúø ç) èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.
a) Would you lend me your book for aday?
äéπ ®ÓVèπ◊ O’ °æ¤Ææ héπç É≤ƒh®√?
(request)b) Would you let me sit here? =
O’®Ω’ †Eo-éπ\úøèπÿ®ÓaE-≤ƒh®√?
(permission)c) Would you like some coffee? =
é¬Ææ h
coffee
BÆæ ’-èπ◊çö«®√? (B≤Ú\çúÕ) –
(offer).iii) Would
†’
past habit
(í∫ûª ç™ Å©¢√-ô’í¬
îËÆœ†-°æEéÀ) ¢√úøû√ç.
Those days I would play cricket everyevening =
Ç ®ÓV™x؈’ v°æA ≤ƒßª’çvûª ç
véÀÈéö¸ ÇúË¢√-úÕE.
iv) Would = wish =
éÓ®Ω’-éÓ´úø ç.
I would (wishto) buy such a car soon =
ûª y®Ω™ Å™«çöÀé¬®Ω’ éÌØ√-©†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o†’.
Should
†’ Çïc
(order)
É´yú≈EéÀ, NCμí¬îËߪ÷-Lq† °æEéÀ, Å´Ææ®Ωç ûÁL-Ê°çü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.
a) You should be here at 10 every day =
†’Nyéπ\úø®ÓW 10éÀÖçú≈L (
order)b) I should stay at office from 10 AM - 6PM.= 10
†’ç* 6 ´®Ωèπ◊ ؈’ Ç°∂ ‘Æˇ™
Öçú≈L
(Duty).c) I should start now or I will miss the train=
ØËE-°æ¤púø ’ •ßª’-™‰ l®√L, ™‰èπ◊çõ‰wõ„ jØ˛ ûª°œ p-
§Ú-ûª’çC. (Å´Ææ®Ωç)
Could
-
ÉC
i) Can
èπ◊
past form -
Åçõ‰ í∫ûªç™ ≤ƒ´’-®√nuEo ûÁLÊ°C.
Ramarao was an actor, so he couldbecome a CM =
®√´÷-®√´¤ †ô’úø’ 鬕öÀ d´·êu-´’çvA é¬í∫L-í¬úø ’.
ii)
àüÁ jØ√ ï®Ω-íÌa ÅØËÅ®Ω n çûÓ ¢√úøû√ç,
pre-sent
™.
Be careful with him. He could be dan-gerous =
ÅûªúÕûÓ ñ«ví∫ûª h Ææ ’´÷. Åûªúø ’
v°æ´÷-ü¿-é¬J 鬴a.
It could rain =
´®Ω{ ç ®√´îË a¢Á ÷.
iii) Question form
™
could
†’ ÅA ´’®√u-ü¿-éπ®Ω-¢Á’i† Å¶μ ºu-®Ω n†-©èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.
Could you lend me Rs. 1000? =
äéπ¢Ë®· ®Ω ÷§ƒßª’©’ Å°œ p≤ƒh®√?
(Politestform of request)
Might-
may
èπ◊
past form 'might'.
í∫ûª ç™àüÁ jØ√ Å®· ÖçúÌa ÅØËÅ®Ωn çûÓ ¢√úøû√ç.
i) I thought he might come =
ÅûªúÌ≤ƒh-úË¢Á ÷-
†E ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o.
(Past doubt)ii) Might
†’
present
™ ÆæçüË-£æ…Eo ûÁL-Ê°çü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.
He might help you =
Åûªúø ’ Fèπ◊ ≤ƒßª’çîËߪ’-´îË a¢Á÷.
They might come =
¢√∞Ôx≤ƒh- Í®¢Á ÷? (î√™«
Ææ çüË£æ«ç)
A. Raghupathi, Naidupet (Nellore Dist)Q.
Simple present
èπ◊
Simple future
èπ◊ È®çúÕ çöÀéÃäÍé ®Ωéπ¢Á’i† Å®Ωn ç ´Ææ’hçC éπüΔ.ÖüΔ:
I do
؈’ îË≤ƒh†’.
(Simple Present)I will do.
؈’ îË≤ƒh†’.
(Simple Future)
ûËú≈ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’.
A.
Tense
†’ •öÀ d
verb form
ÉçTx≠ˇ™ ´÷Í®çûªí¬ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ´÷®Ωü¿’. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ á°æ ¤púø ’ äéπ°æE ïJ-
ÍíC
time words
(Í®°æ ¤, ®ÓW, v°æAØÁ©, E†o,¢Á ·†o)†’ ¢√úÕ ûÁ©’-°æ ¤û√ç.
English
™
tense
†’ •öÀ d
verb
®Ω÷°æ ç´÷®Ω’ûª÷ Öçô’çC, ûÁ©’í∫’™™« é¬èπ◊çú≈.
I do it (regularly) =
؈’ (®ÓW ¢√®√-E-éÓ≤ƒJ/
ØÁ©èπ◊ È®çúø ’-≤ƒ®Ω’x
etc)
îË≤ƒh†’.
I will do =
؈’ îËߪ’-¶-û√†’ = ûª y®Ω™ îË≤ƒh†’/
Ø√ É≠æ d ç ´*a†-°æ ¤púø ’ îË≤ƒh†’.
ûÁ©’-í∫ ’™ °æE ïJÍí Ææ´’-ߪ÷-Eo-•öÀd
verb
®Ω÷°æ ç´÷®Ωü¿’ é¬E
English
™ °æE-ï-JÍí Ææ´’-ߪ÷-Eo-•öÀ d
verb form
´÷J-§Úûª÷ Öçô’çC. Åçü¿’Íé ´’†èπ◊
English
Åçûª
confusing
í¬, éπ≠æ d çí¬ ÅE-°œÆæ’hçC.
äéÓ\≤ƒJ
future
™ éπ*aûª çí¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC ÅE
´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ†-°æ ¤púø ’
future
èπ◊
simple presentform
èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.
She takes the exam next week
= Ç¢Á’ ´îË a ¢√®Ωç °æKéπ~ ®√Ææ’hçC =
She is taking the examnext week (present continuous
èπÿú≈ ¢√úø´îª’a) =
She will take the exam next week.
Å®·ûË,
will take - takes ... (next week)/ is tak-ing (next week)
Åçûªéπ*aûª ç é¬éπ§Ú-´îª’a.
V. Suresh Kumar, MukuralaQ.
Have to, Should
©èπ◊ ´’üμ ¿u ûËú≈ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
ÉN äÍé Å®√nEo-Ææ ’h-Ø√o®·. é¬F, OöÀE àßË ’ Ææ çü¿-
®√s¥™x¢√ú≈®Ω ’?
We have to respect our constitution.We should respect our constitution.
OöÀ™ÆæÈ®j†-üËC?
A.
Should
èπÿ,
have to
èπ◊ Åçûª ûËú≈ ™‰ü¿’.È®ç-úÕçöÀF Çïc-L-îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊, ´’†ç îËߪ÷-Lq†Å´Ææ®Ωç Öçú˰憒-©èπ◊ ¢√-úøû√ç. Å®·ûËE•çüμ ¿-
†©’ -ûÁLÊ°çü¿’èπ◊
should
áèπ◊\´í¬ ¢√-úøû√ç.
Candidates should be at the exam hall by10 =
NCμí¬ Öçú≈L £æ …™x. ÉC
rule
†’ ûÁ©’°æ ¤-ûÓçC.
Candidates have to be in the exam hall by10 -
Öçú≈L éπ*aûª çí¬, ÅE.
rule
ûÁLÊ°çü¿’-éπ™«Å†ç.
We have to respect our constitution =
®√ñ«uçí¬Eo ´’†ç íı®Ω-Nçî√L (ÅC ´’†-NCμ).
We should respect our constitution =
´’†ç®√ñ«uçí¬Eo íı®Ω-Nçî√L– ÉC ´’† éπ®Ωh´uç – ´’†çE•çüμ ¿† v°æ鬮Ωç èπÿú≈ îËߪ÷-Lq† °æE.
M.SURESAN
-Ççí∫ x- ¶μ «- ≠æ-ù
Ççí∫ x- ¶μ «- ≠æ-ù
549
I missed you yesterI missed you yesterday day
Spoken English
-§ƒûª -¢√u≤ƒ©éÓÆæç - éÀ x é˙-îË - ߪ ’ç- úÕ ..
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
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