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-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 7 -W-Ø˛ 2009Ñ-Ø√úø ’ £j   «- ü¿ ®√¶«- ü˛
2
B. Sujatha, TirupathiQ.
He ordered me to keep theshop open until his purchasesare complete.
Ñ ¢√éπuç™
arecomplete
≤ƒn†ç™
are com-pleted
Öçú≈L éπü∆. ü¿ßª’-îËÆœN´Jçîª-í∫-©®Ω’.
A.
He ordered me to keep the shop open untilhis purchases were complete. This is thecorrect sentence. 'were completed' is cor-rect too, but 'complete' is equally correct.'complete' is an adjective like 'open'.The shop was opened = The shop keeperopened the shop.The shop was open = The shop was notclosed.similarlyMy work is complete = overMy work is completed = My work is in a com-pleted state.
Q.
It must be complete in with all particulars -
Ñ ¢√éπuç™
complete
≤ƒn†ç™
completed
Öçú≈L éπü∆.
A
.
You are correct. Thecorrect expression is,'complete with all par-ticulars' .
S.Satyanarayana Murthy, KakinadaQ.
'Be' forms
áEo ®Ω鬩’? ¢√öÀE Ö°æßÁ ÷-Tç* éÌEo Öü∆£æ «®Ω-ù©’ ûÁ©’-°æ çúÕ.
A.
'Be' forms: 3 sets:1) Am, is, arewas, were2)
*´®Ω
'be'
´îË aN
3) 'been'
*´®Ω´îË aN
shallshouldwillwouldcancould bemaymightmusthave tohas tohad to1) a) I am in this room (verb - am ('Be' form)=
ÖØ√o†’– É°æ ¤púø ’)
b) I am sitting in the room (verb - am sit-ting - am + ing =
؈’ èπÿ®Ω’aE ÖØ√o†’ –èπÿ®Óa´úø ç –
action)2) a) She has been a teacher for the pasttwo years (verb - has been - be form =
Ç¢Á’ È®çúË∞¡Ÿxí¬
teacher
í¬ ÖçC)
b) She has worked/ has been working asa teacher for the past two years(verb- has worked (has + PP)/has beenworking - has been (be form) + working(ing form) =
Ç¢Á’ È®çúË∞¡Ÿxí¬
teacher
í¬ °æEîËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω ’
- action)3) They should have been there yesterday(verb - should have been - 'be' form
=¢√∞¡ŸxE†o Ééπ\úøÖçú≈LqçC, é¬E ™‰®Ω’)
4) They should have been studying yester-day (verb - should have been - be form +studying (ing form) =
¢√∞¡ŸxE†o îªü¿’-´¤-ûª÷ç ú≈LqçC, é¬E îªü¿-´™‰ü¿’
- action)
É™« áØÁ  joØ√ îÁ°æ p-´îª’a. Å™«Íí,
have /has/ had/ shall have/ should have/ will have/ would have, etc + past participle - action
Å®Ω  n ç ´Ææ’hçC.
He would have been there - verb - wouldhave been - be form =
Åûªúøéπ\úøÖçúË¢√úË. é¬F ™‰úø ’.
He would have gone there - verb wouldhave gone - Should have + PP-
Åûªúøéπ\úÕéÀ ¢Á∞Ïx¢√úË, é¬F ¢Á∞¡}™‰ü¿’. É™« O’Í®-üÁjØ√ BÆæ’-èπ◊E,
States of being
(Öçúøôç) ûÁLÊ°
verb forms, be form + ing/ PP- actions
(°æ†’-©†’) í∫’Jç* ûÁLÊ°
actionswords form
îËÆæ ’-éӴa.
V. Suryarao, VizagQ.
'No' he said
DEo ´’®Ó Nüµ  ¿çí¬ á™« îÁ§ƒpL?
A.
He said no/ He denied it.
Q
.
It has been decided to issue identity cardsto all persons above 18 before the end ofNovember.
´’®Ó Nüµ  ¿çí¬ á™« îÁ§Òpa?
A
.
All persons above 18 will be issued identitycards before the end of November.
Vivek Satyanandam, KorukondaQ.
Was any body injured in the accident?Has anybody injured in the accident?Which is correct, what is the differencebetween them.
A.
Was any body injured in theaccident?- CorrectHas any body injured in theaccident - wrong.Has anybody injured means if anyone hasinjured someone. Your idea is to find out ifanybody has been injured = if because ofthe accident anybody has got injured.
Q.
Please explain about the word 'Reference'with example in telugu.
A.
Reference = 1)
v°æ≤ƒh-Nçîªúø ç.
The referencehere is to the Bharatham -
Ééπ\úøv°æ≤ƒh-´†/ äéπ N≠æߪ÷Eo í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«xúøôç ¶µ«®Ω-û√Eo  í∫’Jç*.2) Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç §Òçü¿úø ç/ Ææ çv°æCçîªúø ç
Let ushave a list of phone numbers for refer-ence. Telephone numbers
Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬§ÒçüË çü¿’èπ◊, ¢√öÀñ«Gû√ Öç-èπ◊çü∆ç. 3) Ææ©£æ… §Òçü¿úø ç –
He started doing it with-out reference to his elders =
Åûªúø ’ °ü¿l¢√- ∞¡}†’ Ææ çv°æCçîªèπ◊çú≈ØËÅC îËߪ’úø ç ¢Á ·ü¿-©’- °ö«dúø ’.
Q.
Is 'never' used only sentence form in pre-sent perfect tense? Doesn't used in ques-tion form? Please explain.My mother hasnever travelled by air
(´÷ Å´’t á°æ ¤púø ÷ N´÷-†ç™ v°æߪ÷-ùÀ ç‰ü¿’ ÅØËÅ®Ωn çûÓ)
Has mymother never travelled by air? (questionform).
A.
It is better to avoid 'never' in the present per-fect tense. 'Never' means, not at any time, inthe past, present or future. Present perfectrefers to the time till now. So 'My Mother hasnot travelled by air so far' is better than, 'MyMother has never travelled...' But people douse 'never' with the present perfect tense,and we can't say it is totally wrong.
Q.
éÀ çC °æü∆-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
Diaspora, Laureate, vast talent, exaggerat-ed, pursuit, mitigate, deployment, Intensity,perennial, Indigenously, convention,consumption.
A. Diaspora:
Themoving away ofthe people ofone country toanother.
äéπ ü˨»-EéÀîÁ çC† v°æï©’, Ç ü˨¡çNúÕ* ¢ÁRxÉçéÓ îÓô Æœn®Ω-°æ-úøôç–
The Indian diaspora in the US.
laureate:
íÌ°æ p Ææû√\®Ωç/ °æ ¤®Ω-≤ƒ\®Ωç §ÒçüË íÌ°æ p-¢√®Ω’ –
ANobel Laureate = Nobel
°æ ¤®Ω-≤ƒ\-®√Eo Åçü¿’-èπ◊†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
vast talent
= a large number of people in agroup/ a person having a lot of natural abil-ity to do something.
äéπ v°æü˨¡ç™ î√™«´’çCéÀ/ äéπ ´uéÀ  héÀ ¶«í¬ áèπ◊\´í¬ Ö†o v°æA¶µ º.
exaggerate
= make too much of too little/ tomake small things appear great.
íÓ®Ωçûª©’éÌçúøçûª©’ îËߪ’úø ç/ ÅA¨¡ßÁ ÷éÀ  h.
pursuit:
1)
searching/ quest
(ÅØË y≠æù)
forsomething. e.g.: pursuit of happiness =
džçü∆EéÀ ÅØË y≠æù 2)
Chasing the pursuit ofthe deer by the tiger -
°æ ¤L >çéπ†’ ¢Ëö«úøôç. 3) ¢√u°æéπç
do something as a hobby.
mitigate =
to reduce/ lessen suffering
Ö°æ-¨¡´’†ç (¶«üµ¿-™«çöÀ¢√öÀ†’ç*) éπL-Tçîªúø ç.
deployment
= 1) To move soldiers andweapons to important places for readyaction.2) To use something correctly and effec-tively.
intensity
= severity =
Bv´ûª
perennial
= Continuous/ happening again andagain -
áúøûÁJ-°œ™‰E. (†ü¿’© N≠æߪ’ç™
perennialrivers = rivers which are never without water -e.g.: the Krishna, the Ganga etc.)
indigenously
= produced/ born/ growing with-in the country, without being brought from othercountries. =
Ææ yüËP/ üËQ-ߪ’çí¬.
Some brands ofcars are indigenously produced in India =
éÌEo ®Ω鬩
cars
¶µ«®Ω-û˝-™ØË(Nü˨»© †’ç* Cí∫’-´’A îËÆæ ’- éÓèπ◊çú≈) ûªßª÷-®Ω ’-îË-≤ƒh®Ω’.
convention
=
1)
Acommon practice
(dž-¢√-®·B)2)
Conference
(Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ç)
consumption
=
A†úø ç/ û√í∫úø ç; NE-ßÁ ÷í∫ ç
Q.
Please specify some good books for phrasalverbs, letter & essay writing.
A.
Books for phrasal verbs: Cambridge guideto phrasal verbs. (Phrasal verbs in use - byMichael McCarthy and Felicity O'Dell).There are many good books on letter writingon the market.
K. Konda Babu, DenduluruQ.
éÀ çC ûÁ©’í∫’ ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx≠ˇ™ ûÁ©’-°æí∫©®Ω’. Ñ Ê°°æ®Ω’ Ñ ®ÓVüËØ√? ™‰ü∆ á°æ p-öÀC Ñ Ê°°æ®Ω’ (à ®ÓVC)?
A.
Is it today's paper?/ Is this today's paper?
Q.
Ø√èπ◊ ´·©’xí∫’aèπ◊çC. ™‰ü∆ Bí∫/ ÜîªUÆæ’-èπ◊E í¬ßª’-¢Á’i çC.
A.
Athorn has got/ is stuck in
Q.
Ñ E•çüµ  ¿-†-©’ O’èπÿ ´Jh-≤ƒh®·.
A.
These rules apply to you also
Q.
à´’E °œ©¢√L/ ᙫ °œ©¢√L E†’o?
A.
What do I call you?
Q.
O®Ωçü¿®Ω ÷ Çߪ’-†èπ◊ Ææ ç•çCµ ç*†-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
A.
All these (people) are connected with him
Q.
ÅûªúÕ é¬®Ω-ùçí¬ØËØ√éÃÅ´-鬨¡ç/ ÖüÓuí∫ ç ´*açC. ™‰ü∆ Ø√éÃÆœ  nA ®√´ú≈EéÀÅûªúË鬮Ω-èπ◊úø ’.
A.
I got this job opportunity only because of him.
My present position owes to him.
Q.
-F-´¤ -á-ØÓo èπ◊´÷®Ω’-úø-´¤?-
A.
DEéÀ 
English
™‰ü¿’.
S.Md. Ghouse Mohiuddin, KadapaQ.
éÀ çC ÉçTx≠ˇ¢√é¬u-©†’ ņ’-´Cçîª-í∫-©®Ω’.
The old man is too weak to walk.The old man is so weak that he can not walk.
A.
The old man is too weak to walk =
Ç Â°ü∆l-ߪ’† †úø´™‰†çûª•©£‘ «†çí¬ ÖØ√oúø ’ =
The oldman is so weak that hecannot walk =
Ç Â°ü∆lߪ’†áçûª•©£‘ «†çí¬ ÖØ√o-úø çõ‰, Çߪ’† †úø´™‰úø ’.
Q.
Very few kings of theworld are as great asAkbar (positive degree)
Akbar is greater than most other kings ofthe world (comparative degree).Akbar is one of the greatest kings of theworld (superlative).
´‚úø’ úÕvU™xE ¢√é¬u-©†’ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ņ’-´Cçîª-í∫-©®Ω’.
A.
1) Positive Degree -
î√™« ûªèπ◊\´ ´’çC®√V©’ Åéπs®˝ ÅçûªíÌ°æ p-¢√∞¡Ÿx
2) Comparative -
Åéπs®˝ î√™«´’çC ®√V© éπçõ‰íÌ°æ p-¢√úø ’.
3) Superlative -
Åûª uçûªíÌ°æ p ®√V™x Åéπs®˝ äéπúø ’.
Q.
Exclamatory sentences
éÌEo 
what
ûÓ éÌEo 
How
ûÓ v§ƒ®Ω綵 º´’-´¤û√®·. Ñ ûËú≈ áçü¿’èπ◊? Öü∆:
How beautiful the rose is!What a beautify flower the rose is!How
ûÓ ¢Á ·ü¿-©®·ûËü∆E Å®Ωn ç ᙫ Öçô’çC.
What
ûÓ ¢Á·ü¿-©®·ûËü∆E Å®Ω  nç ᙫ Öçô’çC.
A.
Exclamatory
™
what
éà
how
éÃûÁ©’-í∫’™ Åçûª ûËú≈ ™‰ü¿’. Å®·Ø√ ûËú≈ Öçü¿-†’-èπ◊çõ‰É™« ®√´îª’a.
How beautiful the rose is! =
í∫’™«H áçûªÅçü¿-¢Á’i† °æ ¤¢Óy!
What a beautiful flower the rose is! =
àN’Åçü¿-¢Á’i† °æ ¤´¤y í∫’™«H!
Q.
Alas!
Åçõ‰Å®Ωn ç àN’öÀ?
What a pity!
Åçõ‰àN’öÀ? ûÁ©’-í∫’™ N´Jçîª-í∫-©®Ω ’.
A.
Alas =
ÅßÁ ÷u! (ü¿’”ë«Eo ûÁLÊ° Ǩ¡a®√u-®Ωnéπç)
What a pity! =
áçûªü¿’®Ω-ü¿%≠æ  dç!
Ch.Venkata Ramana Reddy, KareemnagarQ.
This house belongs to me for a long time.This house has belonged to me for a longtime.
Ñ È®çúø ’ ¢√é¬u™xàC éπÈ®èπ◊d?
A.
This house belongs to me for a longtime -
ÉC ûªÊ°p. Ñ éÀ çC È®çúø ÷
correct.This house belongs to me =
Ñ É©’xØ√C.É™« Ñ Å®Ωn çûÓ ÉC
correct.This house has belonged to me for a long-time =
Ñ É©’xî√™«é¬©çí¬ Ø√C.
Sentence (2)
™
for a long time =
î√™«-鬩çí¬ Å†o-°æ ¤púø ’, éÌçûªé¬©ç véÀûª ç †’ç* É°æp-öÀ ´®Ωèπÿ/ Éçé¬ – Ñ Å®Ωn ç ®√¢√-©çõ‰ 
English
™
present perfect
´÷vûª¢Ë ’ ¢√-úøû√ç. Åçü¿’-´©x
'has belonged' correct.
Q.
When I reached the meeting hall the presi-dent already had started his lecture.
Ñ¢√éπuç éπÈ®- ÍédØ√?
A.
When I reached the meeting the presidenthad already started his lecture - correct.
 
M.SURESAN
-Ççí∫    x- ¶µ  «- ≠æ-ù Ççí∫    x- ¶µ  «- ≠æ-ù
551
Spoken English
-§ƒûª -¢√u≤ƒ©éÓÆæç - éÀ   x é˙-îË - ßª ’ç- úÕ ..
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
 What do I call you? What do I call you?
shallshouldwillwouldcancouldmaymightmusthave beenhashadhave been
 
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 14 -W-Ø˛2009Ñ-Ø√úø ’ £j   «- ü¿ ®√¶«- ü˛
2
T. Gangasingh, AdilabadQ.
I have excellent command overEnglish.I have excellent command ofEnglish.Which sentence is correct?
A.
I have (an) excellent command ofEnglish -correct.
Q.
O’®ÌéπîÓô
elder
ûª®√yûª
than
é¬F
to
é¬F ¢√úø çÅØ√o®Ω’. é¬F ØËØÌéπîÓô
Elder is used to referto relations with in the family and it is fol-lowed by to
ÅE îªC-¢√†’. N´Jçîª-í∫-©®Ω’.
A.
'Elder' is notfollowed by to. 'Elder' is usedonly to refer to the members of the samefamily, and is used as follows:a) He is the elder of the twosons of myfriend/ of the two he is the elder.b) My brother is my elder and my sister is hiselder.
G. Shankar, KesavapatnamQ.
I saw the following line on a reputed pub-lisher's book.Professor N.Krishnaswamy is one of India'sleading experts on language and linguistics.Here when one of follows 'the' so that whydid not use here 'the'?
A.
Prof Krishnaswamy isone of India's leadingexperts on ...Here, leading has'India's' before is, so wedon't use 'the' before 'India's' or 'leading'.Look at this: Prof K is one of theleadingexperts ... Here 'the' is used before 'leading'because 'leading' is not qualified by anyother word.
Q.
Please give me detail explanation of simple,compound, complex some what difficult to me.
A.
We have explained these more than once inthese columns. Just the same, we areexplaining once again.Aclause is a group of words with a verb. eg:If she asks for me ('asks' is a verb, so 'If sheasks for me' is a clause). So are, groups ofwords each with a verb (underlined)a) When the exams begin; b) He helpsme alot, etc.Amain clausehas complete meaning.eg: a) He is recoveringfast b) He knowsetc.Aclause without complete meaning is aSUBORDINATE CLAUSEa) Wherever you are(verb)- meaning notcomplete- so a subordinate clause. So areclauses like, 'because they are here,''though India is progressing', etc.The number of clauses in a sentence = thenumber of verbs in the sentence.
Imp:
The infinitive (to go, to sing, to go - to +1st RDW), the '...ing' form (going, coming,singing, etc.) and the Past Participle (given,sung, gone, talked, etc) are not verbs.Asimple sentence has only one main clause,that is, only one verb. eg: She has a musicalvoice- Hasis the only verb here, and so thesentence has only one clause- the sentenceitself- and as the meaning is complete, it is amain clause. So the sentence is a simplesentence. So is the following:How can I walk on a hot day like this?Only one verb, 'can walk' in the sentence- soonly one clause- 'How can I walk' in the sen-tence, its meaning is complete, so it is amain clause. So, 'How can I walk on a hotday like this?' is a simple sentence.Acomplex sentence has onemain clause,and one or moresubordinate clauses.eg: How can I walk on a day like this whichis hot?Two verbs in the sentence: 1) Can walk, and2) is.So there are two clauses-a) How can I walk?- This clause has com-plete meaning, so it is a main clause.b) On a day like this which is hot
(áçúøí¬ Ö†o É™«çöÀ ®ÓV†)
- no complete meaning forthis clause, so it is a subordinate clause.This sentence, therefore is a complexsentence.Asentence with 2 or more clauses is a com-pound sentence.The day is hot and how can I walk on such aday?-Here again there are two clauses-a) The day is hot- This clause has completemeaning, so it is a main clause.b) And how can I walk on such a day?- thisis another main clause, as it has completemeaning too.So the sentence, 'The day is hot and howcan I walk on such a day?' has two mainclauses, so it is a compound sentence. Thisis the difference between the simple, thecomplex and the compound sentence.How to change one kind of sentence toanother? This is not so difficult. The mostimportant thing is, when we change one kindof sentence into another, the meaning andthe tense should not change. There are how-ever some standard patterns.
Look at the following:
a) Inspite of the high price ofit he bought it - simplesentence.b) Though the price of thecar was high, he bought it. - Complexc) The price of the car is high, yet/ still/ buthe bought it - compound.Observe that all the sentences above hasthe same meaning, and of course, the verbsare in the same tense.
éÀ çC
table
îª÷úø çúÕ.
You find standard pat-terns of transformation.eg: If a simple sentence has 'Inspite of/ despite' phrase, the complex sentence has,'though/ although/ even though' clause (sub-ordinate) and the compound sentence hasbut/ yet/ still/ nevertheless clauses.
OöÀûÓ éÌEo Öü∆£æ «®Ω-ù©’:
1 a) Inspite of/ despitehis bad health, he usedto work hard- Simpleb) Though/ Although/ Even thoughhishealth was bad, he used to work hard -Complexc) His health was bad, but/ and yetheworked hard - Compound.2) a) Because ofhis bad health, he resigned -Simpleb)
Becausehis health wasbad, he resigned
- Complexc) His health was bad sohe resigned/ andthereforehe resigned - Compound3) a) Before his joiningthis company, he wasa student - Simpleb) Before he joinedthisCompany, hewas a student -Complexc) He was a stu-dent and thenhe joined thiscompany -Compound4) a) After cominghere, he earned a lot ofmoney - Simpleb) After he camehere he earned a lot ofmoney - Complexc) He came here and (then) earned a lot ofmoney - Compound.5) a) She was too weak to walk - Simpleb) She was so weak that she could not walk- Complexc) She was very weak and so she could notwalk - Compound.
ÉO
simple, compound and complex
èπ◊ Ææ ç•çCµ ç*† ¢Á’∞¡èπ◊´©’.´·êuçí¬ àC
verb,
àC é¬ü¿’, ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ ’-éÓ´úø ç, Å®Ω  nç,
tense
´÷®Ω-èπ◊çú≈ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ´úø ç
important.
G.Suresh, VarshakondaQ.
What is the difference among the fol-lowing.1) Tempest, Tornado, Cyclone, Blizzard,Typhoon, Whirlpool, Thunderstorm,Hurricane.2) Delete, Cancel, Dismiss, Remove,Suspend, Debar, Drop, Eliminate,Terminate.3) Meeting, Discussion, Summit, Parishad,Convention, Conference, Interview,Seminar, Congress.4) Centre, Bunk, Store, Market, Garage, Point,Company, Mill, Junction, Station, Cell,Depot, Emporium, Booth, Enterprise.
A.
1) Blizzard =
£œ «´’-§ƒ-ûª çûÓ èπÿúÕ† ûª’§ƒ†’– îªL- üË-¨»-©™ èπ◊®Ω’-Ææ’hçC.
Cyclone =
ûÁ®Ω©’ ûÁ®Ω-©’í¬ Â°†’-í¬©’-©ûÓ OîË ûª’§ƒ†’ – Ææ´’-Q-ûÓ≠æ  g´’çúø™«™xáèπ◊\´/ Ö°p†.
Hurricane =
°†’-í¬©’-©ûÓ Ææ´·vü¿ç O’ü¿ †’ç* B®Ω- v°æü˨»©èπ◊ áTÊÆ ûª’§ƒ†’ – ´·êuçí¬ °æPa´’ Åö«x ç öÀé˙ B®Ω-v§ƒçû√™x.
Tempest =
Bv´-¢Ë-í∫çûÓ í¬©’-©ûÓÆæ´·vü¿ç O’ü¿ †’ç* B®Ω-v§ƒç-û√© O’ü¿’í¬ éπ™x™«Eo Ææ%≠œ  d çîËûª’§ƒ†’ – °æPa´’-ü˨»-©™ áèπ◊\´.
Tornado -
N°æK-ûª¢Á’i† ¨¡éÀ  hûÓ, î√™« NØ√¨¡ç éπL-Tç-îª-í∫© Ææ’úÕ-í¬-©’-©ûÓèπÿúÕ† ïúÕ¢√† – Öûª  h®Ω Å¢Á’-J-鬙 ≤ƒüµ  ∆®Ωùç.
Typhoon -
Ææ´’-Q-ûÓ≠æ  g´’çúø™«™xÅA ¢Ëí∫ çûÓ èπÿúÕ† í¬©’-©ûÓ OîËûª’§ƒ†’.
Whirlpool =
Ææ’úÕí∫’çúø ç
Thunderstorm -
Ö®Ω’´·©’ ¢Á’®Ω’-°æ ¤-©ûÓ èπÿúÕ† ñ®Ω’ ¢√†.
2) Delete
= äéπ ñ«G-û√-™ç*/ ®Ω-™ç*
/ com-puter
™ç* ûÌ©Tçîªúø ç =
removecancel =
®Ωü¿’lîËߪ’úø ç
Dismiss =
1) °æü¿-N™ç* ÖüÓu-í∫’-©†’, Nü∆u-©ßª÷- ™x ç* Nü∆u-®Ω’n©†’ ûÌ©Tçîªúø ç; 2) ¢√ü¿-†©’/ Æœü∆l ¥ç-û√-™«xç-öÀN ÆæJ-é¬-ü¿E éÌöÀ  d- §ƒ- Í®-ߪ’úø ç.
Remove =
ûÌ©Tçîªúø ç, äéπ v°æü˨¡ç †’ç* ´uèπ◊h-©†’, ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’.
Suspend =
û√û√\L-éπçí¬ EL-°œ¢Ëߪ’úø ç
Debar =
ÅCµé¬J-éπçí¬ Åúø ’féÓ´úø ç/ ņ’-´’-Açîªéπ -§Ú-´úøç
Drop =
´C-™‰ßª’úø ç /Ç°æúø ç.
(He dropped hername from the list. He dropped (discontinued)Engineering course.Eliminate =
ûÌ©-Tç-îªúø ç (éÌEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x îªç°æúøç ü∆y®√)/ (§ÚöÙx ç*) ûÌ©Tçîªúø ç
Terminate = to put an end to
= Åçûª ç îËߪ’úø ç
3) Meeting=
Æ涵 º/ Ææ´÷¢Ë¨¡ç
Discussion =
Ωa;
Summit -
ÅÆæ©®Ωn ç °æ®ΩyûªP-ê®Ω ç; Å®·ûË 
summit meeting
èπ◊
short form
í¬ ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√o®Ω’.
Summit
= Åûª uçûª Ö†o-ûª≤ƒn®·™/ NNüµ  ¿ ü˨»©/ ÆæçÆæn© Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊©/ ´·êu ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω’©Ææ´÷¢Ë¨»©’/ Ωa©’.
Parishad -
ÉC
English
´÷ôé¬ü¿’. ûÁ©’Íí – Ææ çÆæ  n/ èπÿôN’,
etc.Conference =
äéπ Å稻Eo îªJaçîË çü¿’èπ◊, Ç Å稻-EéÀÆæç•ç-Cµ ç-*† ´uèπ◊h©’ ´÷vûª¢Ë ’ §ƒ™Ô_ØËÆæ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ç.
convention =
1) äéπ ´%AhéÀÆæ ç•çCµ ç*†-¢√J Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ç 2) dž-¢√-®·B.
Interview =
äéπ Ŷµ ºuJn¨¡éÀ  h ≤ƒ´’-®√nu-©†’, ´uéÀhû√yEo ÅçîªØ√ ¢ËÊÆçü¿’èπ◊ E®Ωy£œ «çîË´’¯"éπ
(face to face/ oral)
°æKéπ~.
Seminar =
íÓ≠œ  e. äéπ Å稡ç°j, äéπJ °æJ-¨-üµ  ¿†Â°j
(research)
Åüµ  ¿u-ߪ’†ç îËÊÆ-¢√J íÓ≠œ  e. (Ñ ´’üµ¿u DEE äéπ Ææ çÆæ  n, ¢√öÀÖûª p-ûª’h© ÊÆ´© v°æî√-®√-EéÃ, Å´’t鬩 ÅGµ´%Cl ¥éÀà®√pô’ îËÊÆ Æ涵 ºí¬ ûª°æ ¤pí¬ ¢√úø ’ ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
Congress:
NCµ, Nüµ  ∆Ø√©’ E®Ωg®·çîË çü¿’èπ◊, B®√t Ø√©’ îËÊÆçü¿’èπ◊ äéπ Ææ´÷-êuèπ◊ îÁ çC† NNüµ  ¿ ´®√_© v°æAE-üµ  ¿’© Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ç, èπÿôN’.
Centre =
 Íéçvü¿ç– ¢√u§ƒ®√-EéÀÆæ ç•çCµ ç*, ´Ææ’h-´¤©’, ÊÆ´©’ ©Gµ çîËîÓô’ (ü∆ü∆°æ ¤
shop)Bunk =
•úŒ  f– *†o *†o Eû√u-´Ææ®√-©†’ Ţˠ’t *†o  ü¿’é¬ùç
Store =
´Ææ’h´¤©†’ °ü¿l¢Á ·ûª  hç™ E©y îËƜŢ˒t °ü¿lü¿’é¬ùç/ ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç
Market =
N°æùÀ– NNüµ  ¿ ®Ω鬩/ äÍé-®Ωéπç ´Ææ ’h-´¤-©¢Ë’t ü¿’é¬ù«© v°æü˨¡ç
Garage = Car
™«çöÀ¢√£æ «Ø√-©†’ Öç-éÌØË/ ´’®Ω- ´’tûª’ îËÊÆ v°æü˨¡ç
Point = Shop
(¢√u§ƒ®Ω N≠æߪ’ç™)
Company =
¢√u§ƒ®Ωç/ ü¿’é¬ùç.
Mill =
üµ  ∆Ø√uEo °œ çúÕîËÊÆ, §Òô’dBÊÆ, ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’
(Paper, Cotton
™«çöÀN) ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îËÊÆ ßª’çvû√-í¬®Ωç.
Junction =
È®çúø ’ ´‚úø ’ ´÷®√_©’ éπLÊÆ èπÿúøL.
Shop
ÅØË Å®Ωn çûÓ Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.
Cell =
1) *†o É®Ω’èπ◊ í∫C/
Jail
í∫C.2) äéπ ÖüË  l¨¡çûÓ °æE-îËÊÆ ®Ω£æ «Ææ u •%çü¿ç– °j† îÁ°œ p†
shop
Ææ ç•çCµûª´÷ô©èπÿ, DEéÀàç Ææç•çüµ¿ç™‰ü¿’.
Depot =
1) Å´Ææ®Ω ç ´îËa´®Ωèπ◊ Ææ®Ω-èπ◊©†’ E©y ÖçîË îÓô’.
2) Bus
© ™«çöÀ¢√öÀE ´’®Ω-´’tûª’ îËÊÆçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË îÓô’–
Bus Depot.Emporium =
§ƒûª•-úÕ† ´÷ô– °ü¿l ü¿’é¬ùç/ äÍé ®Ωéπ¢Á’i† ´Ææ’h-´¤©†’ Ţˠ’t ü¿’é¬ùç
Booth =
*†o-éÌô’d– ´Ææ ’h-´¤-©¢Ë’tçü¿’èπ◊, ÊÆ´©çCçîË ç ü¿’èπ◊– ÉC •L-≠æ  d¢Á’i† éπôdúø ç é¬èπ◊çú≈, û√û√\Léπ ´ÆæA ´÷vûª¢Ë ’.
Exhibitions
™
stalls
†’ èπÿú≈
booths
Åçö«®Ω ’.
Enterprise =
°ü¿l°ô’d•-úÕûÓ E®Ω y£œ «çîË°ü¿l ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç.äéπ\
cell
ûª°æp °j´÷-ô©Fo, ´’† ü˨¡ç™
shop/ 
¢√u§ƒ®Ωç ÅE
loose
í¬ ¢√úø ’-ûª’çö«®Ω ’, ¢√öÀûËú≈©ûÓ EN’ûª  hç ™‰èπ◊çú≈.
 
M.SURESAN
-Ççí∫    x- ¶µ  «- ≠æ-ù Ççí∫    x- ¶µ  «- ≠æ-ù
552
Spoken English
-§ƒûª -¢√u≤ƒ©éÓÆæç - éÀ   x é˙-îË - ßª ’ç- úÕ ..
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
She has a musical voiceShe has a musical voice
SIMPLE
1. Inspite ofnoun/ ...ing form2. Because of/ in view of/ on account of/ owing to/ Being + noun/ ...ing form.3. Before/ After +noun/ ...ing form4. too... to
COMPLEX
Though/ although/ eventhough
Because/ as/ since + verbBefore/ after +verbso that... not
COMPOUND
But, yet,neverthelessso/ and so/ and thereforeand thenvery and so
 
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 21 -W-Ø˛2009Ñ-Ø√úø ’ £j   «- ü¿ ®√¶«- ü˛
2
 Arshiya Begum, Anantapur 
Q.
6 crores which were in the pro-cessionof Suryanarayana.
Åçúø®˝-™„  jØ˛ îËÆœ† ¶μ«í¬EéÀÅ®Ωn ç àN’öÀ?
A
.
In the possession of =
äéπJ ÅDμ†ç™/ äéπJ ü¿í∫  _®Ω.
(In the procession
é¬ü¿’.
procession =
ÜÍ®-Tç°æ ¤)
Rs.6 Cr which was (were
ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’ – úø•’sáçûª¢Á ·ûª  h-¢Á’iØ√
singular) in the possessionof Suryanarayana =
Ææ÷®Ωu-Ø√-®√-ߪ’ù ü¿í∫  _-®Ω’†o/ ≤ƒyDμ†ç™ Ö†o 6 éÓôx®Ω ÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’.
Q.
á´J °œ©x©’ ¢√J ü¿í∫  _®ΩÖçõ‰´’ç*C. DEo  ÉçTx≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?
A
.
It is better children are with their parents / (It's) better for a child to be with its parents.
Q.
'Be + of'
í∫’Jç* Å®Ωn ç 鬴úø ç ™‰ü¿’. ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ N´Jçîª-í∫-©®Ω’.
A
.
Be of
(Ééπ\úø 
'be'
•ü¿’©’, à
be form
Å®·Ø√ –
am/ is/ are, was, were, etc.)
¢√úø´îª’a –
'beof' combination
î√™«
word combinations
ûÓ´Ææ’hçC.
1) She is ofthe opinion
(Ç¢Á’ ÅGμv§ƒßª’ç)
2) ... the property is ofthe school = the proper-ty is the school's =
ÅC Ææ ÷\™¸ ÇÆœ  h.
3) They are ofthe sameage =
äÍé ´ßª’-Ææ’-†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx. É™« á†o-®·Ø√ îÁ°æ ¤p-éӴa. Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd Å®ΩnçÜ£œ «ç-éӴa.
Q.
It has all fallen in theplace.
ûÁ©’-í∫’™ DE Å®Ωn ç àN’öÀ?
A.
Fall in place -
DEéÀv°æûË u-éπ¢Á’i† Å®Ωn¢Ë ’ç ™‰ü¿’.
Fall into place =
1) äéπ N≠æߪ’ç ´’†-éπ®Ωn ç é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúÕ, Ö†o-ô’d çúÕÅ®Ω  n ç 鬴úø ç ¢Á ·ü¿©’ °ôdúø ç.
a) First I was a bit confused, but soon thingswere beginning to fall into place =
¢Á ·ü¿ôØ√èπ◊ í∫ çü¿-®Ω-íÓ∞¡çí¬ Ö†o N≠æߪ÷©’, Ö†o-ô’d çúÕ äéÌ\éπ\öÃÅ®Ω  n ç 鬴úø ç v§ƒ®Ωç¶μ º¢Á’i çC. È®çúÓ Å®Ω  n ç: °æü∑  ¿-鬩’, ´‹u£æ …© ™«çöÀN ´’†ç ņ’-èπ◊†o Nüμ  ¿çí¬ ï®Ω-í∫úø ç/ Å´’-J-§Ú-´úø ç.
b) As the writer began to write, words beganto fall into place, without much effort =
Ç®Ω·ûª®Ω*çîªúø ç ¢Á ·ü¿-©’-°ôdí¬ØË, Åv°æߪ’- ûª oçí¬ ®Ω™ ´÷ô©’ Å´’-J-§Ú-≤ƒ-í¬®·/ Öçú≈Lq†-îÓô °æúÕ§Ú-ߪ÷®·. O’ ¢√éπuç,
'It has fallen into place'
í¬ BÆæ ’-èπ◊çõ‰, Å°æ¤púø’ üΔE Å®Ωn ç, Ç N≠æߪ’ç éπÈ®-èπ◊dí¬ Å†’-èπ◊†o-ô’dí¬ØËïJ-TçC.
Q.
The agency on the charge apart fromnegli-gence.
Åçúø®˝-™„  jØ˛ îËÆœ† °æüΔ© Å®Ωn ç àN’öÀ?
A.
Apart from =
ÅçûËé¬èπ◊çú≈/ ÅüËé¬èπ◊çú≈
a) Apart from giving me some money, hehelped me in other ways too =
Ø√éπûªúø ’úøGs´yúø¢Ë ’ é¬èπ◊çú≈ N’í∫û√ N≠æߪ÷™xèπÿú≈ ≤ƒßª’ç î˨»úø ’.
Apart from negligence, he has laziness too=
ÅûªúÕéÀN≠æߪ÷-©O’ü¿ v¨¡ü¿l ¥™‰èπ◊çú≈ §Ú´úø¢Ë ’ é¬èπ◊çú≈ (ÖüΔÆ‘†ûËé¬èπ◊çú≈), •ü¿léπç èπÿú≈.
Q.
éÀ çC °æüΔ© Å®√n-©†’ N´Jçîª-í∫-©®Ω ’.
a) Focus on b) war-footing c) respectivelyd) prior e) possession
A.
a) Focus on =
ü¿%≠œd/ v¨¡ü¿l ¥ ÍéçvD-éπ-Jç-îªúø ç, v§ƒ´·êuç É´yúø ç.
b) On a war footing =
ߪ·ü¿l ¥v§ƒA°æCéπ† – à N≠æߪ÷EÈéjØ√ Åûª u-Cμéπ v§ƒ´·êuç É*a, üΔEéÀ Ææ ç•çCμ ç*† °æ†’©’ Åûª uçûª¢Ëí∫ çí¬ îËߪ’úø ç.
The construction of the dam is taken on awar footing =
Ç ú≈u¢˛’ E®√tùç ߪ ·ü¿l ¥v§ƒA°æC éπ† îË°æ-ö«d®Ω’.
c) respectively =
Ç ´®Ω-Ææ™.
A, B and C are respectively the sons of D, Eand F = A, B, C
©’ ´®Ω’-Ææí¬
D, E, F
© èπ◊´÷-®Ω’©’
(D
éÌúø ’èπ◊
A
,
E
éÌúø ’èπ◊
B, F
éÌúø ’èπ◊
C).d) Prior =
´·çü¿J.
Prior to joining IAS, she was a lecturer =
â.á.áÆˇ.™ îË Í®-´·çü¿’ Ç¢Á’ ™„éπa®Ω-®˝í¬ ÖçúËC.
e) Possession =
äéπJ ÇDμ†ç™ Ö†o/ äéπJéÀîÁ çC† ´Ææ’h´¤/ ÇÆœ  h.
This building is my possession =
Ñ éπôdúø çØ√èπ◊ îÁ çCçC/ Ø√ ÇÆœh.
Q.
äéπ ¢√éπuç *´®Óx
the earliest
ÅE Éî√a®Ω’.Ééπ\úøüΔE Å®Ω  n ç àN’öÀ?
A.
The earliest =
ÅEo-öÀéπçõ‰´·çü¿’
At the earli-est =
O©®·†çûªûª y®Ω™.
a) He was the earliest to come =
Åçü¿J éπçõ‰´·çü¿’ Åûªúø ’ ´î√aúø ’.
b) I will meet you at the earliest =
E†’o O™„  j†çûªûª y®Ωí¬ éπ©’-Ææ ’-èπ◊çö«†’.
Q.
Get
í∫ ’Jç* N´Jçîª-í∫-©®Ω ’.
A.
Get =
§Òçü¿úø ç, ûË´úø ç, ≤ƒCμ çîªúø ç É™« Éçé¬ î√™« Å®√n©’-Ø√o®·.
 J. Veerraju, Jonnalapadu 
Q.
éÀ çC
question tags
™ ÆæÈ®j-†N ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
Open the door, will you?Open the door, won't you?
A.
Open the door, will you? - correct.Please open the door, won't you?- correct.
Don't play the chess, will you?
éπÈ®- ÍédØ√?
A.
Don't' play chess, will you? - correct.
Please open the door, willyou?Please open the door, couldyou?
àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?
A.
Please open the door, won'tyou?
ØË 
correct,
°j† îÁ°œ p-†ô’d.
Q.
Pronoun
™E ®Ω鬩†’ N´Jçîª-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. Nominative Objective Possessivepronoun pronoun pronoun
I me mineWe us oursYou you yoursHe him hisShe her hersIt it itsThey them theirs
Q.
éÀ çC ¢√é¬u™xàC éπÈ®èπ◊d?
1. Kalidasa is a Indian Shakespeare.2. Kalidasa is the Shakespeare of India.3. Kalidasa is a Shakespeare of India.4. Kalidasa is the India Shakespeare.
A.
Kalidasa is the Shakespeare of India - theonly correct form.
K.R.Reddy, Hyderabad 
Q.
éÀ çC ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫ ’™ Å®√n©’ ûÁ©’-°æí∫©®Ω ’.
I would like to act in that play.
A.
I would like to act in that play =
Ç Ø√ôéπç™†öÀ çî√-©E ÖçC Ø√èπ◊ – É°æpöÀéÃÉçü¿’-éπ´é¬¨¡ç ÖçC.
I should like to have acted in that play..
A.
I should like to have acted in that play =
ÇØ√ôéπç™ ؈’ †öÀ ç* Öçõ‰.. (Ø√ôéπç Å®·§Ú- ®·çC – ؈’ †öÀç‰ü¿’).
To help him would be a pleasure.
A.
ÅûªúÕéÀÆæ£æ …ߪ’ç îËߪ÷-©E Ø√ éÓJéπ.
To have helped him would have been apleasure.
A.
ÅûªúÕéÀÆæ£æ …ߪ’ç îËÆœ Öçõ‰(í∫ûª ç™ Ææ£æ …ߪ’ç îËÊÆ Å´é¬¨¡ç ´îª’açõ‰) Ææ çûÓ≠æ°æúË¢√úÕE.
The tourists would like to see the ruins.
A.
°æ®Ωu-ô-èπ◊©’ Ç P-Cμ™«-©†’ îª÷úøö«-EéÀÉ≠æ  d°æúø ’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
The touristswould like tohave seen theruins.
A.
°æ®Ω u-ôèπ◊©’ Ç PC∑™« ©†’ îª÷Æœ Öçõ‰(í∫ûªç™) ¶«í∫’ç-úË-ü¿E ņ’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o®Ω’.
The mechanic wasto repair the car today.
A.
The mechanic was to repair the car today -
ÉC ûª°æ ¤p.
The mechanic is to repair the car today =
¢Á’é¬Eé˙ é¬®Ω’†’ Ñ®ÓV JÊ°®˝ îËߪ÷L.
The mechanic was to have repaired the cartoday.
A.
The mechanic was to have repaired thecar today =
¢Á’é¬Eé˙ Ñ ®ÓV é¬®Ω’èπ◊ ´’®Ω-´’tûª’ îËÆœÖçú≈LqçC.
To have explained matters to him before hedied was my duty.
A.
Çߪ’† îªE-§Ú-éπ´·çüË Çߪ’†éÃN≠æߪ’ç N´Jçî√- Lq† ¶«üμ  ¿uûªØ√O’ü¿ ÖçúÕ çC (Çߪ’† îªE- §Ú-ߪ÷úø ’).
To have been able to bless the couplewould have given him great satisfaction.
A.
Ç Â°∞¡x®·† ïçô†’ ÇQ-®Ω yCç* Öçõ‰ Çߪ’-†èπ◊ ûª %°œ  hí¬ ÖçúËC.
Mr. Swamy is to be meet at the airport.
A.
≤ƒyN’E ´’†ç N´÷-Ø√-v¨¡ßª’ç™ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ ¢√L.
(Is to be met, passive -
ûÁ©’-í∫†’-¢√ü¿ç
passive form
ÅçûªÆæJí¬_Öçúøü¿’)
K.S.R., Martur 
Q.
éÀ çC ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωn ç N´Jçîª-í∫-©®Ω’.
This meant a lot to me.
A.
ÅC Ø√èπ◊ î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç, í∫ûª ç™.
It was unlikely that she was lying about hernot going to Guntur.
A.
Ç¢Á’ í∫ ’çô÷®Ω’èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡xE N≠æߪ’ç™ Å•-ü¿l ¥´÷úÕ Öçúøéπ§Ú-´îª’a/ Eï¢Ë ’ Åߪ ·uçúÌa.
Is there no such thing as a gentleman?
A.
°ü¿l´’E≠œÅØË¢√∞Ïx™‰®√ Ñ ™éπç™? (v°æA ¢√∞¡⁄xü¿’®√t-®Ω’_-™‰Ø√?)
In order to have a well-rounded and com-plete the case.
A.
Ñ
sentence
°æ ‹Jh鬙‰ü¿’.
Well rounded =
ÅEo Ææ ’í∫’-ù«©’/ ØÁ  j°æ ¤-ù«u©’ Ö†o.
How he pulled himself together in the faceof what must have been a shock, when hefound the wrong man dead!
A.
§Ò®Ω-§ƒ-ô’† ÅÆæ©’ ´uéÀ  h é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÉçÈé-´®Ó îªE- §Ú®· Öçúøôç éπL-Tç*† Cví∫s¥´’ †’ç* Åûªúø ’ ᙫ éÓ©’-èπ◊Ø√oúÓ?
Excuse the admiration of a Connoisseur.
A.
®ΩÆœèπ◊© ¢Á’°æ ¤p†’ éπ~N’ççúÕ(®ΩÆœèπ◊úø ’ 鬕öÀ  d ¢Á’aèπ◊Ø√oúø ’. Å®Ω  n ç îËÆæ’éÓçúÕ).
I did not know about the projected divorcebetween her and her husband.
A.
¢√Rxü¿l®Ω÷ – ¶μ «®√u¶μ º®Ω  h©’ Nú≈èπ◊©’ BÆæ’éÓ¶-ûª’Ø√o  ®ΩØËN≠æߪ’ç Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.
Projecteddivorce = Planned divorce (divorce
BÆæ’-éÓ¢√-©ØËÖüË  l¨¡ç).
I know from his voice that the man of ironwas shaken to the soul.
A.
Åçûª´’ØÓüμ  Á  j®Ω uç Ö†o ´uéÀ  h èπÿú≈ °æ ‹Jhí¬ îªLç *§Ú-ߪ÷-úøØËN≠æߪ’ç Ø√èπ◊ Çߪ’† éπç®∏  √Eo  •öÀ  dûÁL-Æœ§Ú-®·çC.
One word now as to how I myself stood atthat time.
A.
؈’ Ç éπ~ùç™ à °æJ-Æœ  nA™ ÖØ√o-†-†o-üΔEo  í∫ ’Jç* äéπ\´÷ô (îÁ•’-û√†’).
Ch. Narasimha Rao, Gogannamatham (E.G.Dt.)
Q.
éÀçC
Phrasal verbs
†’ ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
see off, see out, see in , see of, pass out,pass down, pass as.
A. See off
= send off =
OúÓ\©’/ OúÓ\©’ îÁ°æpúø ç/≤ƒí∫-†ç°æúø ç.
I saw her off at the station =
ÊÆd≠æØ˛èπ◊ ¢ÁRx Ç¢Á’èπ◊ OúÓ\©’ îÁ§ƒp†’.
See in
= see (something) in (something)some body =
üËØÓxØÁ  jØ√/ á´J-™-ØÁ  jØ√ àüÁ  jØ√ íÌ°æ p í∫ ’ùç îª÷úøôç.
a) Her father doesn't know what she sees inher lover to fall in love with him =
Ç¢Á’ vÊ°N’-Ææ ’h†o ÅûªúÕ™ àç íÌ°æ p-ûª†ç îª÷Æœ çüÓ ¢√∞¡xØ√†oèπ◊ Å®Ωn ç 鬴úø ç ™‰ü¿’.
see in (somebody) =
äéπJE ™°æLéÀBÆæ’Èé∞¡xúø ç
As soon as the cararrived with the new offi-cer in it, the staff saw himin =
éÌûª  hÇ°∂  ‘Ææ®˝ Ö†o é¬®Ω’ ®√í¬ØË, Æœ•sçü¿çû√ •ßª’ôèπ◊ ´*a Çߪ’††’ ™°æ-LéÀûÓúø ’-BÆæ’-Èé-∞«x®Ω’.
See out =
a)
äéπJE íı®Ω-´çí¬ ≤ƒí∫†ç°æúø ç
I saw my guest out and went back to mycomputer =
Ø√ ÅAC∑E ≤ƒí∫†ç°œØ√ éπç°æ ‹u-ô®˝ ü¿í∫  _®Ωèπ◊ ¢ÁRx§Ú-ߪ÷†’.
b)
äéπ-°æE °æ ‹®Ωh-ßË’u-´-®Ωèπ◊ ™‰üΔ Ç °æE-èπ◊†o  Æ洒ߪ’ç í∫úÕîË´®Ωèπ◊ é̆-≤ƒ-í∫úø ç.
I want to see this assignment out and leavefor the U.S. =
Ñ °æE °æ ‹®Ω  hßË ’u ´®Ωèπ◊ é̆-≤ƒ- Tç* Å¢Á’-Jé¬ ¢ÁRx§Ú-û√†’.
He saw out his last years of service in Delhi=
ûª† ÖüÓu-í∫ ç™E *´J Ææç´ûª q®√©’ úμ  ÕMx™ °æ ‹Jh î˨»úø ’.
Sea of -
DEéÀv°æûË uéπ Å®Ω  n ç àO’-™‰ü¿’.
Pass out -
1) become unconscious =
Ææ p%£æ«™‰éπ§Ú-´úø ç.
a) She nearly passed out when she saw theboy knocked down by a lorry = lorry
úμ  ŒéÌôdúø çûÓ éÀ çü¿-°æúÕÖ†o Ç °œ™«xúÕE îª÷ƜǢÁ ’èπ◊ üΔüΔ°æ ¤ Ææ p%£æ « ûª°œ p-†çûª°æØÁ  j çC.
b) Britain
™ ÂÆjE-èπ◊©’/ §ÚM-Ææ’©’ Péπ~ù °æ ‹Jh îËÆæ’- èπ◊E, Péπ~ù« Ææ çÆæn© †’ç* •ßª’-öÀÈé-∞¡xúø ç.
Pass down =
Çî√®Ω´u´£æ …®√©’, îªü¿’´¤ ™«çöÀN ûªLxü¿çvúø ’©’ °œ©x©èπ◊ ØË®Ωpúø ç/ °œ©x©’ §Òçü¿úø ç
a) The tradition is passed down in their familyfrom the father to
=
Ç Ææçv°æüΔߪ’ç ¢√Rx çöxäéπ ûª®Ωç †’ç* ÉçéÓ ûª®√-EéÀ ´Ææ÷hçô’çC.
Pass as =Pass for =
äéπ®Ω’/ äéπ ´Ææ ’h´¤ ÉçéÌéπ®Ω ’/ ÉçéÓ ´Ææ’h-´¤í¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀ çîªúøç.
Though a Tamilian, his telugu is so goodthat be can pass as an Andhra =
Åûªúø ’ûªN’-∞¡Ÿ-úÁ  j†-°æp-öÀéÃ, ÅûªúÕE Ççvüμ¿’-úø†’èπ◊ØË çûª¶«í¬ ûÁ©’í∫’ ´÷ö«xúøû√úø ’.
V. Srinivas, Narasapuram 
Q.
éÀ çC -¢√é¬u-©†’ -ÉçTx-≠ˇ-™ -ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’.
a)
؈’ §∂  Òö CÍíçü¿’èπ◊ Ææ÷dúÕßÁ ÷èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x†’.
b)
§∂  Òö -B®·çîË çü¿’èπ◊ -´÷ -Å´’t-†’ Ææ÷dúÕßÁ÷èπ◊- BÆæ’Èé-∞«x†’.
A.
a) I went to the studio to have my phototaken.b) I took my mother to the studio to have herphoto taken.
 
M.SURESAN
-Ççí∫    x- ¶μ  «- ≠æ-ù Ççí∫    x- ¶μ  «- ≠æ-ù
553
Spoken English
-§ƒûª -¢√u≤ƒ©éÓÆæç - éÀ   x é˙-îË - ßª ’ç- úÕ ..
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Kalidasa is the Shakespeare of India
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