-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 9 -Çí∫Ææ ’d2009Ñ-Ø√úø ’ £j «ü¿ ®√¶«ü˛
2
Hem:
Hi Prem, (I have) not seen you for days.You look run down too. What's the mat-ter?
(î√™« ®ÓV™„ j çC E†’o îª÷Æœ. F®Ω-Ææ çí¬ èπÿú≈
éπE-°œÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤. àN’öÀN≠æߪ’ç?)
Prem:
I've been in bed for the past week. I am just out.
(í∫ûª¢√®Ωçí¬ Øˆ’ ´’çî√-†-°æú≈f†’. É°æ ¤púË
é¬Ææ h •ßª’-ôéÌî√a†’.)
Hem:
But why?
(à´’-®·çC?)
Prem:
I had an accident, not major though. Iescaped with just sprains and bruises,but they were enough to keep me inbed. Thank God, I had no fractures.
(Ø√èπ◊
accident
Å®·çC, *†oüËņ’éÓ.¶„ù’-èπ◊©’, úÓèπ◊\§Ú-´úø çûÓ ûª°œ pç-èπ◊Ø√o†’.
é¬F Ţˆ†’o ´’çî√† °æú˨»®·. üË´¤úÕ
ü¿ßª’-´©xá´·éπ©’/ éÃ∞¡ŸxN®Ω-í∫™‰ü¿’.)
Hem:
But how didn't I know it? No one told meof it.
(Å®·ûËØ√È陫 ûÁL-ߪ’-
™‰D N≠æߪ’ç? á´®Ω÷Ø√ûÓ îÁ°æ p-™‰üË?)
Prem:
The doctor wantedme to do with thefewest visitors. Hedidn't want me to be disturbed. He saidthe fewer visitors I had the earlier wouldI be out of the hospital. So my peoplealone knew about it.(
ú≈éπd®˝O™„ j†çûªûªèπ◊\´´’çC Ææçü¿-®Ωz-èπ◊©’
´îË a™« îª÷Ææ’-éÓ´’-Ø√oúø ’. áçûªûªèπ◊\´´’çC
´ÊÆh Åçûªûª y®Ωí¬ Øˆ’ •ßª’-ô°æúøû√-†E
îÁ§ƒpúø ’. Åçü¿’-éπE ´÷ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ûª°æ p ÉçÈé-´JéÃ
ûÁL-ߪ’-™‰ü¿’.)
Hem:
How serious was it?
(áçûª-Æ‘J-ߪ’ÆˇàN’öÀ?)
Prem:
Not very. I had bruises, and an anklesprain. There were cuts and scratchestoo.
(ÅçûªBv´¢Á’i†¢Ë ç 鬴¤. úÓèπ◊\§Ú-´úø ç, <©
´’çúø¶„ù’èπ◊. éÓûª©÷, Uûª©÷ èπÿú≈.)
Hem:
What exactly happened?
(ÅÆ晉 ç ïJ-TçC?)
Prem:
While I was walking along the road, abike hit me from behind and I fell on theroad, fortunately I rolled to a side of theroad and hit the pavement. Otherwise Iwould have been run over by a lorry.
(؈’ ®Óú˛¢Á ç•úÕ†úø ’-Ææ’hçõ‰¢Á†éπ †’ç* ¶„ jé˙
úμŒéÌ-öÀdçC. ؈’ éÀçü¿-°æ-úÕ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’.Åü¿%-≠æ d´¨»ûª÷h ®Óúø ’féÌéπ¢Á j°æ ¤ üÌJxÊ°¢˛-¢Á’çö¸
ü¿í∫ _®Ω Çí¬†’. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰™«K éÀ çü¿ °æúË¢√úË o.)
Hem:
Thank your stars.
(F Åü¿%≠æ dç ¶«í∫ ’çC.)
Prem:
You can say it again and again. Myhead was in a bandage and both mycheeks were in plaster. My ankle was ina plaster cast. I had an injection twiceevery day.
(Ç ´÷ô †’¢Á yEo-≤ƒ-È®k xØ√ ÅØÌa/ ´’Sx´’Sx
ÅØÌa. ûª© ô÷déπô’d. îÁ ç°æ©O’ü¿
plas-ter.
Ø√ <©´’çúø – 鬩÷, §ƒü¿ç éπLÊ° éé’–
plaster
éπô’d™ ÖçúÕ§Ú-®·çC.)
Hem:
(Are) you able to walk normally now?
(´÷´‚©’í¬ †úø´í∫©’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o¢√?)
Prem:
No. I limp a little even now. The doctortold me not to mind it but just keep walk-ing like that.
(™‰ü¿’. É°æ¤púø ’ èπÿú≈ é¬Ææ h èπ◊çô’ûª÷ †úø ’≤ƒh.
ú≈éπd®Ω’ üΔ†oçûª°æöÀ d ç--éÓ-èπ◊çú≈, Å™«Íí
†úø’Ææ ÷h Öçúø´’-Ø√oúø ’.)
Hem:
Good for you. Hope you'd be normal soon.
(´’ç*üË. ûª y®Ω-™ØË´÷´‚©’ Æœ nAéÀ´≤ƒh-´E
ÇP-Ææ’hØ√o.)
Now look at the following expressions from the con- versation above.
1) You look run down.2) I escaped with just sprains and bruises.3) Thank God, I had no fractures.4) The doctor wanted me to do with the fewest visitors.5) There were cuts and scratches too.6) I would have been run over by a lorry.7) My head was in a bandage and my cheeks were in plaster.8) My ankle was in a plaster cast.9) I limp a little even now.
Ñ
expressions
ÅFo èπÿú≈ ÉC-´®Ω™ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-
èπ◊†o¢Ë. ´’®Ó≤ƒJ í∫’®Ω’h-îË-Ææ ’-èπ◊çüΔç
by way ofrevision.1) be/ look run down =
F®Ω-Æœ ç*, E®Ω’-û√q£æ «çí¬
éπE-°œ çîªúø ç.
a) After the bout of jaundice, he still looksrun down =
鬢Á’®Ωxûª®√yûªèπÿú≈, ÅûªúÕ çé¬ F®Ω-
Ææ çí¬/ •©£‘ «†çí¬/ Å©Æœ†ô’xéπE-°œÆæ’h-Ø√oúø ’.
(Bout =
¢√uCμîËÊÆ üΔúÕ)
b) In spite of theheavy work athome, she isnever run down=
ÉçöxÅçûª°æE
ÖçúÕ-èπÿú≈ Ç¢Á’F®Ω-Ææçí¬/ Å©-Æœ-§Ú-®·†-ô’d çúøü¿’.
4) To do with -
ÉCî√™« ≤ƒüμ Δ-®Ω-ùçí¬ éπE-°œ çîË
phrasal verb,spoken English
™ DEE È®çúø®√n©ûÓ ¢√úøû√ç.
i)
î√©úø ç
(To be enough)/
î√©†’-éÓ´úø ç/ ÆæJ-
°ô’d-éÓ´úø ç.
a) I can do with Rs. 15000 a month, but cer-tainly not with less than that. =
ØÁ©èπ◊ 15000®Ω ÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ î√©’ Ø√èπ◊/ Åçûª-öÀûÓ ÆæJ-°ô’d-éÓ
í∫©†’. Åçûªéπçõ‰ûªèπ◊\´ûÓ Ø√´©xé¬ü¿’.
b) In these days of rising prices no body cando with anything less than Rs.5000 amonth.=
üμ ¿®Ω©’ °®Ω’í∫ ’ûª’†o Ñ ®ÓV™xØÁ©èπ◊ 5000
®Ω ÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ à´÷vûª ç î√-©´¤/ á´®Ω÷ ØÁ©èπ◊
5000 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©ûÓ ÆæJ-°ô’d-éÓ™‰®Ω’.
ii) To do with
èπ◊ È®çúÓ Å®Ωn ç–
to be connect-ed with =
Ææ ç•çüμ ¿ç Öçúøôç.
a) The Court concluded that he had noth-ing to do with the murder =
ÅûªúÕéÃÇ
£æ«ûª uèπÿ à Nüμ ¿-¢Á’i† Ææ ç•çüμ ¿ç ™‰ü¿ØËéÓ®Ω ’d
E®√l ¥Jç*çC.
to do with
†’ áèπ◊\´í¬
not
ûÓ,
nothing
ûÓÆæ ç•çüμ ¿ç ™‰ü¿ØËÅ®Ωn çûÓ ¢√úø-û√®Ω ’.
b) I am a heart specialist. I have nothing todo with skin diseases =
؈’
Heart spe-cialist
†’. Ø√èπ◊ Ωt-®Óí¬©ûÓ Ææ ç•çüμ ¿ç ™‰ü¿’.
c) She is a maths lecturer. What has she todo with English.
Ç¢Á’
Maths lecturer.
Ç¢Á’èπÿ
English
èπÿ Ææ ç•çüμ¿ç àN’öÀ?É°æ ¤púø ’
accidents
™«çöÀN ïJ-T†-°æ ¤púø ’ éπLÍí
¶«üμ ¿©’, üΔEéÀÆæç•çCμ ç*† ´÷ô©’
English
™ îª÷üΔl ç.
2) Sprain=
¶„ù’èπ◊. ¶«í¬ ûªTL† üÁ•s´©x, °jéÀéπE-
°œ çîªèπ◊çú≈, éπC-LûËéπLÍí ØÌ°œ p, äéÌ\éπ\°æ ¤púø ’
¢√°æ ¤ûÓ.
a) There is a sprain in my neck =
¢Á’úø¶«í¬¶„ùÀéÀçC.
b) Sprain of the knee joint =
¢Á ÷é¬L éé’¶„ù’èπ◊.
2) Bruise=
àüÁ jØ√ ®√Ææ’-éÓ´úø ç´©xí¬F, ¢Ëí∫çí¬ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-
†o-°æ ¤púø ’ éÀ çü¿-°æúøôç´©xí¬F îª®Ω tç ™‰*§Ú-´úø ç/
úÓèπ◊\§Ú-´úø ç/ ®√-èπ◊§Ú-´úø ç.
When the bike brushed past him he hadbruises on his sides =
-¶„ jé˙ÅûªúÕE ®√Ææ’-èπ◊çô÷
¢Á∞¡xúø ç´©x, ÅûªE °æéπ\©’ úÓèπ◊\§Ú-ߪ÷®·/ ®√--
èπ◊Ø√o®·.
(Bruises
Å®·†°æ ¤púø ’ Ωtç ™‰*§Ú®· ´’çôí¬
ÖçúÕ, éÌCl®ÓV© ûª®√yûª†©x•-úø ’-ûª’çC).
5) Cuts and scratches =
éÓûª©’, UÆæ’-éÓ´úøç, î√èπ◊™«x çöÀ¢√öÀ´©x, ¢√£æ «Ø√© Í®èπ◊©’ ûªí∫©úø ç ´©x
éπLÍí éÓûª©’, UÆæ’-èπ◊§Ú-´ú≈©’.
OöÀO’ü¿ ¢ËÊÆ
band aid
™«çöÀN.
plaster =
°æöÃ d.
3) Fracture =
á´·éπ
(bone)
í¬F, éé’
(joint)
í¬F N®Ω-í∫úø ç.
a) he had a fracture in the leg/ His leg wasfractured =
ÅûªúÕ鬩’ NJ-TçC.
b) He had multiple fractures =
ÅûªúÕá´·éπ©’î√™«îÓôxNJ-í¬®·.
Bandage =
á´·éπ©’, éÃ∞¡ŸxNJ-TØ√, ¶„ùÀéÀØ√
í¬ßª÷-™„ jØ√ ¢ËÊÆ éπô’d.
Plaster cast =
á´·éπ NJ-T†-°æ ¤púø ’, Ç Å´
ߪ’´ç éπü¿-©-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúË ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢ËÊÆ °æöà d
(Plaster of Paris
ûÓ– DØË o
POPcast
Åçö«®Ω’.)
Sling =
îË®·
Bandage/ POPcast
™Ö†o°æ ¤púø ’ îËAE ¢Á’úøô÷d¢Ë™«úøD-ÊÆçü¿’èπ◊
¢ËÊÆ í∫’úø f.
6) To be run over =
àüÁ jØ√ ¢√£æ «†çéÀ çü¿ °æúøôç.
a) The child was run over by the car =
Ç é¬®Ω’éÀ çü¿ Gúø f°æúÕ-§Ú-®·çC/ Gúø f-O’-ü¿-†’ç* é¬®Ω’
¢ÁR}§Ú-®·çC.¢√£æ «Ø√© -ߪ÷éÀ qúÁçôxèπ◊ Ææ ç•çCμ ç*† ´÷ô©’.
Hit/ knock down =
¢√£æ «†ç úμ ŒéÌôdúø ç.
b) Alorry hit him/ knocked him down as hewas crossing the street =
®Óú˛üΔô’-ûª’çúøí¬™«K ÅûªúÕ o úμ ŒéÌöÀd çC.
c) Alorry ran over him =
™«KÅûªúÕO’ü¿ †’ç*¢ÁR}§Ú-®·çC.
d) The bike rammed (into) the car =
é¬®Ω’-†’¢Á†-éπ†’ç*-¶„ jé˙úμ ŒéÌöÀd çC.
e) The lorry rammed (into)/ hit the car headon =
-™«Káü¿’-®Ω’í¬ ´*a 鬮˝-†’ úμ ŒéÌöÀ d çC.
M.SURESAN
-Ççí∫ x- ¶μ «- ≠æ-ù
Ççí∫ x- ¶μ «- ≠æ-ù
560
Spoken English
-§ƒûª -¢√u≤ƒ©éÓÆæç - éÀ x é˙-îË - ߪ ’ç- úÕ ..
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Y Y ou look r ou look r un downun down
G. Ashok, Godhur
Q.
ü¿ßª’-îËÆœéÀ çC v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-üμ Δ
Ø√©’ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
Cash book
™
credit
†’
Cr
ÅE,
debit
†’
Dr
ÅE
abbreviate
îËÆæ’hØ√oç. é¬F
Dr
™
r
ÅØËÅéπ~-®√Eo áéπ\úÕ†’ç* ûÁaèπ◊Ø√oç?
A
.
Debit
Åçõ‰
drawn amount
鬕öÀ d
Dr
Åçö«®Ω’.ÉC
Accounts, Commerce, Banking
èπ◊´÷vûª¢Ë ’ °æJ-N’-ûª¢Á’i†
abbreviation.
´÷´‚©’
language
™ ÉC ¢√úø®Ω’.
Q.
What is Green Field Airport?
A
.
Green field airport:
ã N¨»-©¢Á’i† v°æü˨¡ç, üΔE
ü¿JüΔ°æ ¤™xà E®√t-ù«©÷, éπôdú≈©÷ ï®Ω-í∫EîÓôx
EJtçîËN´÷-Ø√-v¨¡ßª’ç. Éçü¿’™ í¬L, ¢Á©’-ûª’®Ω’
´îË aç-ü¿’èπ◊ v§ƒüμ Δ-†u-N’-≤ƒh®Ω’. O™„ j-†çûªûªèπ◊\´
Nü¿’uû˝ ¢√úËô’x, áèπ◊\´ Ææ÷®Ωu-é¬çA, Ææ£æ «ï
¢Á©’-ûª’®Ω’ ´îË aô’xîª÷≤ƒh®Ω’.
Q.
Å´’%ûª†’
Amrutha
ÅE é¬èπ◊çú≈
Amritha
ÅE®√≤ƒh-È®çü¿’èπ◊?
A
.Å´’%ûª ç – DEo Åv´·ûª ç ÅE ®√ߪ’ç. ´’%– ÉC°æ ‹Jhí¬, v´· ™« °æ©éπç – 'vN’—éÀ, 'v´·—èπ◊ ´’üμ ¿u
¨¡•l ç, éπ%≠æ g™, 'éπ%—™« – É™« ´vôÆæ’úÕÖ†o ¨¡¶«l©
EoçöÀéÀ,
'i'
®√ߪ’-úø¢Ë ’
correct.
Q.
Put off, put up, put on, put in-
OöÀE ûÁ©’-í∫’™
ÖüΔ-£æ «®Ω-ù©ûÓ N´Jçîª-í∫-©®Ω’.
A
.
Put off
= Postpone
(¢√®·üΔ ¢Ëߪ’úø ç)
Don't put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
Put up
=
v°æü¿-Jzçîªúøç (ØÁ j°æ ¤-ù«uEo, §Ú®√-ö«Eo,
etc)a) The enemy did not put up any fight.b) The Indian team put up a great perfor-mance.
Put on
=
•ôd©’ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ´úø ç.
He put on his shirt and went out.
Put in
=
DEéÀî√™« Å®√n©’-Ø√o®·. ÅEoöx
áèπ◊\´í¬ ¢√úËÅ®√n©’ ¢√úøôç, v¨¡N’çîªúø ç.
a) She has put in a lot of work, so that shecan get a good score =
´’ç*
marks
Ææ秃-Cç-éÓ´îª aØËÖüË l¨¡çûÓ Ç¢Á’ î√™« v¨¡´’-°æúÕ çC.
b) He has already put in 10 years experience=
ÅûªúÕ°æp-öÀ Íé °æüË∞¡xņ’-¶μ º´ç §ÒçC ÖØ√oúø ’.
Q.
What is the difference among ship, boat,steamer, launchi.
A
.
Boat
=
°æúø´ (´÷´‚©’ ûÁúø xûÓ †úÕÊ°C)
Ship
=
ÇNJ-¨¡éÀh
/ diesel
ûÓ †úÕîËߪ’çvûª ç Ö†o
î√™« °ü¿lØ√´ –
Steamer -
ÇNJ-¨¡éÀ h Çüμ Δ®Ω çí¬
†úÕîËØ√´.
Launch
= Diesel/ Petrol
ûÓ †úÕîË*†o Ø√´
(Launchi
é¬ü¿’.)
Q.
Do you know, did you know
í∫’Jç* N´-Jç-îª-
í∫-©®Ω’.
A
.
Do you know =
Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’≤ƒ? (É°æ ¤púø ’)
Did you know =
Éçûªèπ◊´·çüËFèπ◊ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?
(Do - present; did - past
éπüΔ?)
Q.
If Raju had been honest, he would havereturned the money.
Ñ ¢√éπuç™
have
Ö†o-îÓô
has
áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√èπÿúøüÓ N´Jçîª-í∫-©®Ω ’.
A
.
Will, would, shall, should, can, could, may,might, must, need
ûª®√yûªá°æ ¤púø ÷
'has'
®√ü¿’.
Have
´÷vûª¢Ë ’ ´Ææ ’hçC.
'has'
¢√úøôç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.
Q.
What is the difference between map-picture,divide-bifurcation, caution-warning, advice-suggestion, cool-cold, heat-hot.
A
.
Map
- The outline of the earth's surface or ofa country or a place.
Picture
= any drawing –
à ¶Ô-¢Á’itØ√.
Bifurcate
= to divide into two parts (Roads,rivers etc).
Divide
= to separate into two or more parts.
Caution
=
Warning
.
Advice
=
Ææ©£æ …;
Suggestion
=
Ææ ÷
Cool
=
xE;
Cold
=
îªL-í¬ Ö†o
Heat
=
¢ËúÕ;
Hot
=
¢ËúÕí¬ Ö†o.
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