Professional Documents
Culture Documents
•Hypoxia
•Physical agents (heat, cold, radiation, trauma)
•Chemical agents and drugs
•Microbiologic agents
•Immunologic reactions
•Genetic defects
•Nutritional imbalances
HYPERTROPHY :
DYSPLASIA :
• change in the appearance of cells after they have been
subjected to chronic irritation.
METAPLASIA :
•transformation of one adult cell type to another
(reversible)
TWO CATEGORY
a.Innate Immunity (Non-specific mechanism
Mechanical Mechanism
Chemical Mediators
Cell
Inflammatory Response
a) MECHANICAL MECHANISM
prevent the entry of microorganisms and
chemical into the body in two ways (1.) the
skin and mucous membrane forms barrier that
prevents their entry.
Body Defense Body Defense Body Defense
(2.) tears, saliva and urine act to wash them from
the surfaces of the body.
Interferons
proteins that are produced when a cell is
infected by a virus
Phagocytic Cells
o Neutrophils – small phagocytic cells that are
usually the first cells to enter infected tissue.
o Macrophages – usually appear in the infected
tissues after neutrophils & responsible for most
of the phagocytic activity.
d. Inflammatory Response
b. T cells
attack antigens directly and help control of the
immune response. They also release
chemicals, known as interleukins, which control
the entire immune response.
Inflammation
2. Exudation - Edema
3. Emigration of cells
4. Chemotaxis
5. Phagocytosis
Allergy or hypersensitivity
Anaphylaxis
Autoimmune disorders
Disease development
Immunodeficiency disorders
Serum sickness
Transplant rejection