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Mc ch c! "hn th nghim............................................................................ 7
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Yu cu trc khi lm th nghim ..................................................................... 16
Mc ch c! "hn th nghim.......................................................................... 16
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M)t *+ lnh , hm c! M-#.-/ .................................................................... 21
12c 3c th4c hnh.......................................................................................... 21
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Mc ch c! "hn th nghim.......................................................................... 26
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M5 r)ng ............................................................................................................ 66
GII THI1U #1 DIGIT(L SIGN(L !$2C3SS2$................................. 45
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18 *5 l& thu'(t. ................................................................................................. 67
Yu cu thi(t 39.................................................................................................. 73
LM 6U3N #I B- TH NGHIM L(B#2LT 7 DS! ........................... 50
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hEF @hVc hBCn MhM bBin YB 6RDPBvP nhWnh YN^c MATLAB Y@ UNkB @Hn ^^<.
B. TN HIU V H THNG RI RC MIN THI GIAN RI
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bBin
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TAnh @Ach chTM
.LM InG cqW hC @h?nG YN^c F @S beB MhNOnG @PQnh >WB Mhhn @D_in @Anh hC >?
htnG
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Yin cLc @An hBCD P[B P\c JE cLc hC @h?nG P[B P\c. CLc @An hBCD P[B P\c @hN[nG YN^c @hj hBCn
UNkB U\nG F]@ Ur_ >? nhN >WD:
" s5`7" s5`87" s5`(7" s57" s5(7" s587" s57"
TD_ nhBHn" MATLAB ch cx chS n~nG bBjD UBan F]@ Ur_ >? JkB Y] UEB hD h\n.
'hB Yx Ur_ >? YN^c chWB bLR JE <ND @P UNkB U\nG Jvc@RP" JA Ul:
>> x = [3, 2, -1, 7, -5]
VkB cLch chWB bLR nhN JT_" Ur_ >? chnG @hj hBCn YN^c ch >? cqW cLc @hEnh MhXn
@PRnG Ur_. VQ JT_" Yj bBjD UBan F]@ Ur_ P[B P\c cx Y] UEB hD h\n" @W cXn cheB @\R JE <ND
@P chZnG UNkB U\nG 8 Jvc@RP. VA Ul:
>> n = [-2:2]
>> x = [3, 2, -1, 7, -5]
u(n) =
YN^c hBjD <E F]@ Ur_ GpF 5 MhXn @; sDg@ MhL@ @ `8 Yin 8 cx: s5`87" s5`(78" s57`("
s5(7 JE s587`5. TPRnG @g@ cS cLc bEB @hA nGhBCF @PHn MATLAB cqW Fn hc nE_"
chZnG @W nHn @Dhn @hvR F]@ nGD_Hn @mc nhN JT_.
X=> =@>s` Ot< \l dgi Mu YZ=
W. 3r_ sDnG YOn Jd:
( n =
n
3r_ sDnG YOn Jd @Pa 5Udch7 YB n FD:
( n = n
n n
b. 3r_ nhS_ YOn Jd:
( n
n <
c. 3r_ hEF F| @hVc:
C(n) = !n " n ! R
U. 3r_ hEF F| MhIc:
C(n) = D ( + E ) n " n
<E Y] >D_ GBSF cqW @An hBCD" <E @Xn >? Gxc @Anh @hvR YOn Jd PWUBWn>
v. 3r_ <N^nG GBLc: 3r_ <N^nG GBLc <E Ur_ @hj hBCn @An hBCD cx U\nG hEF @RLn hc <E @
h^M @D_in @Anh cqW cLc hEF >Bn JE cR>Bn. M]@ JA Ul JK Ur_ <N^nG GBLc nhN >WD:
C(n) = cR > ( n + ) " n
JkB <E MhW bWn YXD cqW @An hBCD
y. 3r_ nGD nhBHn: LE Ur_ FE cLc MhXn @; cqW Ur_ cx GBL @Pd nGD nhBHn. $V Mhhn b?
nGD nhBHn cx @hj YN^c YBKD chnh <E Mhhn b? YKD hW_ @Dhn @hvR F]@ nD_ <DT@ Mhhn b?
sLc >Dg@ nER Yx. TPRnG MATLAB cx >n F]@ >? hEF chR MhM cheB @\R PW F]@ Ur_
nGD nhBHn @hvR Mhhn b? YKD JE @hvR Mhhn b? GWD>>.
G. 3r_ @DXn hREn: 3r_ @DXn hREn <E F]@ Ur_ cx GBL @Pd cqW cLc MhXn @; <M <\B @DXn hREn
>WD F]@ >? FD nhg@ Ydnh.
C(n) = C(n + m F ) m G
3r_ @DXn hREn @hN[nG YN^c c= hBCD <E C ( n) J E Y N ^ c Y c < E C n g H . C h Z n G @ W c x @ h j b B j D
UBan F]@ Ur_ JkB F]@ >? chD c @DXn hREn @PRnG MATLAB btnG cLch Y@ <BHn @BiM nhWD
F]@ >? hD h\n cLc Ur_ sDg@ MhL@ @ F]@ Ur_ cx chBKD UEB hD h\n. MoB Ur_ nE_ @hj hBCn
F]@ chD c cqW Ur_ @DXn hREn.
Mt< \l CX=> =@>s` W>IM
W. C]nG hWB Ur_: 3r_ @hD YN^c cx FoB MhXn @; <E @nG cqW hWB GBL @Pd @NOnG InG JkB @nG
ch >? cqW hWB Ur_ bWn YXD. Vgn YK Y@ PW <E YB chB @W cXn F MhnG @PRnG MATLAB
JBCc @QF Ur_ @nG cqW hWB Ur_ cx cLc ch >? bm@ YXD JE ci@ @hZc chLc nhWD. 'hB Yx JkB
nhnG MhXn @; cqW Ur_ @hI nhg@ FE @\B Ur_ @hI hWB chnG cx MhXn @; cx ch >? @NOnG
InG" chZnG @W cXn b >DnG JER Ur_ @hI hWB MhXn @; cx GBL @Pd btnG chnG. DL @PQnh Yx
@hVc hBCn >WR chR hWB Ur_ cx ch >? cqW MhXn @; YXD JE ch >? cqW MhXn @; cD?B btnG
nhWD.
b. Nhhn hWB Ur_: 3r_ @hD YN^c cx FoB MhXn @; <E @nG cqW hWB GBL @Pd @NOnG InG JkB @nG
ch >? cqW hWB Ur_ bWn YXD. TNOnG @V nhN JBCc c]nG hWB Ur_" @W c|nG cXn cx nDL @PQnh
s; <= chB F MhnG @PRnG MATLAB >WR chR hWB Ur_ cx ch >? YXD JE ch >? cD?B
btnG nhWD.
c. Nhhn JkB htnG >?: M]@ Ur_ YvF nhhn JkB htnG >? @hD YN^c Ur_ FkB cx GBL @Pd cqW
@nG MhXn @; btnG GBL @Pd MhXn @; @NOnG InG cqW Ur_ bWn YXD nhhn JkB htnG >?.
!{C(n)} = {! C(n) }
U. 3dch 5TPa7: LEF @Pa F]@ Ur_ YB F]@ chRSnG n FD @hD YN^c Ur_ FkB:
{'(n)} = {C(n n ) }
hW_ MhXn @; @hI F cqW Ur_ bWn YXD @Pe @hEnh MhXn @; @hI Fn cqW Ur_ FkB.
v. BBin >? n YSR: 3r_ FkB @hD YN^c <E Ur_ bWn YXD YN^c <g_ Y?B sInG nDW @Plc JDnG
Gxc JkB @Plc bBjD UBan ch >? n @\B G?c @R\ Y] 5@Plc @DnG7
{'(n) } = {C( n)}
y. N~nG <N^nG: 3r_ YN^c @Anh n~nG <N^nG cx @hj <E Ur_ @hVc hRc Ur_ MhIc:
I C =

n= n =
8
G. CnG >Dg@: CnG >Dg@ @PDnG bQnh cqW F]@ Ur_ @DXn hREn:
JC =
(
F
F (
n=
8
HL <>l=@ FBA FVM
TPRnG s; <= @An hBCD" chLB nBCF hC @h?nG 5>_>@vF7 Yj ch Yin F]@ ch?B" YN^c @hj
hBCn @PHn hQnh J btnG F]@ ch?B ch nhT@ @PnG nhN F]@ h]M Yvn cx cLc c= hBCD YXD JER
JE YXD PW" cx chIc n~nG @BiM nhTn cLc @An hBCD @ YXD JER" s; <= chZnG JE YNW cLc @An hBCD
Yr s; <= @kB YXD PW. 2; <= >? @An hBCD <BHn nDWn @kB cLc @An hBCD P[B P\c nHn cLc hC @h?nG
YN^c s@ Yin <E cLc hC @h?nG P[B P\c. TAn hBCD JER YN^c GB <E YXD JER 5BnMD@7 hW_ cAch
@hAch 5vscB@W@BRn7 cqW hC @h?nG. TAn hBCD PW YN^c GB <E YXD PW 5RD@MD@7 hW_ YLM InG
5Pv>MRn>v7 cqW hC @h?nG. TPRnG MATLAB" hC @h?nG YN^c Ydnh chDnG beB chLB nBCF
qÂS<kFr.
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cS hWB @Anh chg@ @D_in @Anh 5<BnvWPB@_7 JE bg@ bBin @hvR @h[B GBWn 5@BFv`BnJWPBWncv7. TAnh
chg@ @D_in @Anh nxB <Hn PtnG YLM InG cqW hC @h?nG JkB cAch @hAch <E F]@ @ h^M @D_in @Anh
C(n)
C(n)C ( n) = C(n)
cLc @An hBCD P[B P\c > btnG JkB @ h^M @D_in @Anh cqW cLc YLM InG" JkB FoB YLM InG nE_ <E
YXD PW chB chR @nG @hEnh MhXn cqW YXD JER nDW hC @h?nG. TAnh chg@ bg@ bBin @hvR @h[B
GBWn nxB <Hn PtnG YLM InG cqW hC @h?nG cx U\nG GB?nG hC@ nhWD JkB cfnG F]@ cAch @hAch
FE chnG Mhl @hD]c JER @h[B YBjF YNW cAch @hAch @kB YXD JER. TPRnG Fn hc 2; <= >?
@An hBCD" @g@ cS cLc hC @h?nG YN^c s@ @kB YKD <E @D_in @Anh bg@ bBin.
M]@ hC @h?nG @D_in @Anh bg@ bBin <Dn cx YLM InG PW _5n7 <E @Ach chTM 5cRnJR<D@BRn
>DF7 GBW YXD JER s5n7 JkB Ur_ YLM InG sDnG h5n7 cqW hC @h?nG" <E YLM InG cqW hC @h?nG
chB YNW cAch @hAch 5n7 @kB YXD JER. Thj hBCn @Ach chTM beB cnG @hIc:
'(n) = # [C(n)] = C(n) h(n) = h(n) C(n) =
n=
n=
M]@ hC @h?nG <E nhhn nDS niD YLM InG PW @\B @h[B YBjF hBCn @\B chnG Mhl @hD]c
JER cAch @hAch JER @\B cLc @h[B YBjF @NOnG <WB. M]@ hC @h?nG @D_in @Anh bg@ bBin <E nhhn
nDS niD YLM InG sDnG @hRS Frn:
h(n) = k h i n<
M]@ hC @h?nG <E n Ydnh 5BRDnUvU In BRDnUvU D@ $@Wb<v w BIB $@Wb<v7 niD JkB
F]@ cAch @hAch bd chn <Dn >Bnh PW F]@ YLM InG c|nG bd chn" @Ic <E GBL @Pd cqW YLM InG
PW chnG @Bin Yin J cfnG. M]@ hC @h?nG @D_in @Anh bg@ bBin <E n Ydnh niD YLM InG sDnG
@hRS Frn:
n=
NxB chDnG" @g@ cS cLc hC @h?nG @D_in @Anh bg@ bBin cx @hj @hVc hBCn YN^c" @hnG
nDW MhXn cInG hRc F @S MhXn FKF" YKD YN^c F @S beB MhNOnG @PQnh >WB Mhhn @D_in
@Anh hC >? htnG cx U\nG nhN >WD:
F M
k = r =
hW_ cx @hj JBi@ UNkB U\nG >WD @hAch h^M JkB @hj hBCn F hQnh >O Yp ch?B cqW hC @h?nG:
M F
r = k = (
CLc bNkc Yj GBSB MhNOnG @PQnh >WB Mhhn @D_in @Anh hC >? htnG Yr YN^c @PQnh bE_
Pg@ cl @hj @PRnG >Lch GBLR @PQnh. TPRnG MATLAB cx hEF ÂS<kF chR MhM @QF Ur_ YLM InG
YXD PW _5n7 niD bBi@ @PNkc cLc bBin YXD JER <E cLc hC >? cqW MhNOnG @PQnh >WB Mhhn" Ur_ Wc
JE bP" JE cAch @hAch YXD JER s5n7. ChZnG @W cx @hj UfnG <Cnh nE_ Yj MhLc hR\ Ydnh U\nG
YXD PW cqW hC @h?nG JkB cLc @hWF >? nHD @PHn.
>. M?$ @A +1/) B, ),- "56 MATLAB
0hXn nE_ YNW PW UWnh Flc cLc <Cnh cLc hEF cqW MATLAB cx @hj >; UlnG @PRnG
MhXn @hA nGhBCF nE_. .j bBi@ cl @hj hOn JK chIc n~nG cqW hEF JE cZ MhLM cqW <Cnh GB
hEF" G <Cnh >kSH cF @hvR @Hn cqW hEF @\B c;W >? <Cnh cqW MATLAB.
zeros: @\R F]@ FW @PTn JkB @REn b] cLc MhXn @; cx GBL @Pd btnG .
C(k ) h(n k ) = h(k )C(n k )
h5n7 <
! k '(n k ) = 3r C(n k )
'(n) = 3r C(n k ) !k '(n k )
(
ones: @\R F]@ FW @PTn JkB @REn b] cLc MhXn @; cx GBL @Pd btnG (.
rand: @\R F]@ FW @PTn JkB cLc MhXn @; nhTn cLc GBL @Pd nGD nhBHn YN^c Mhhn b?
YKD @PRnG chRSnG @ Yin (.
randn: @\R F]@ FW @PTn JkB cLc MhXn @; nhTn cLc GBL @Pd nGD nhBHn @hvR Mhhn b?
GWD>> cx GBL @Pd @PDnG bQnh btnG " MhNOnG >WB btnG (.
min: @PS JK GBL @Pd nh nhg@ @PRnG F]@ FW @PTn.
max: @PS JK GBL @Pd <kn nhg@ @PRnG F]@ FW @PTn.
fliplr: <]n nGN^c <\B @hI @V cLc MhXn @; @PRnG F]@ FW @PTn @hvR hNknG sDg@
MhL@ @ MhSB nDW @PLB @Pe @hEnh @ @PLB nDW MhSB.
plot JE stem: J Yp @hd cqW F]@ Ur_ >?" M<R@ Yj @hj hBCn U\nG <BHn @lc" >@vF Yj
@hj hBCn U\nG P[B P\c" @hN[nG >; UlnG hEF >@vF Yj J @An hBCD e FBKn n.
conv: @PS JK @Ach chTM cqW 8 Jvc@RP.
filter: @PS JK YLM InG @hvR @h[B GBWn cqW hC @h?nG YN^c F @S beB F]@ MhNOnG
@PQnh >WB Mhhn @D_in @Anh hC >? htnG.
NGREB PW" >Bnh JBHn cXn @QF hBjD F]@ cLch Pg@ cn @hTn cLc MhM @RLn @PHn FW @PTn
JE Jvc@RP @PRnG MhXn @P^ GBZM 5Hv<M7 cqW MATLAB btnG cLch nhgn 6( PpB JER Flc
M(TL(B 7a Gk<<A=@ S<`F<kd 7a M`<FAMk\ `=d (FFì\.
C.
(.(.
CD" E&'" $)F" ),/)
T\R cLc Ur_ sDnG YOn Jd JE Ur_ nhS_ YOn Jd @hvR chNOnG @PQnh FD btnG cLch G
cLc UnG <Cnh chR e 8 bSnG UNkB Yh_ JER c;W >? >R\n @hSR 5{UB@RP7 JE GhB <\B @hvR cLc @Hn
@CM <Xn <N^@ <E AOH\kv.O JE \<kH\kv.O:
KH' Cung 8n ,97
function [x,n] = impseq(n0,n1,n2)
%Tao ra day x(n) = delta(n-n0); n1 <= n <= n2
%----------------------------------------------
%[x,n] = impseq(n0,n1,n2)
n = [n1:n2]; x = [(n-n0) == 0];
KH' nh:' 8n ,97
function [x,n] = stepseq(n0,n1,n2)
%Tao ra day x(n) = u(n-n0); n1 <= n <= n2
%----------------------------------------------
%[x,n] = stepseq(n0,n1,n2)
n = [n1:n2]; x = [(n-n0) >= 0];
(.8. VBi@ chNOnG @PQnh @\R Ur_ hEF F| @hVc JkB cLc @hWF >? YXD JER JE YXD PW YN^c
nhTM @hvR chD <Cnh:
[x,n] = expseq(a,n1,n2)
((
ChZ =: @hWF >? W cx @hj @hVc hRc MhIc
(.. VBi@ chNOnG @PQnh @\R F]@ Ur_ @hVc nGD nhBHn sDg@ MhL@ @ n( Yin n8 JE cx GBL @Pd
cqW bBHn Y] @hvR Mhhn b? GWD>> JkB @PDnG bQnh btnG " MhNOnG >WB btnG (. CLc @hWF >?
YXD JER JE YXD PW YN^c nhTM @hvR chD <Cnh:
[x,n] = randnseq(n1,n2)
(.. T\R cLc hEF c]nG 8 Ur_ JE nhhn 8 Ur_ JkB cLc ch >? YXD JE ch >? cD?B cqW hWB
Ur_ @NOnG InG chLc nhWD" hEF @\R @Pa JE hEF bBin >? n YSR @hvR chNOnG @PQnh FD btnG
cLch G cLc UnG <Cnh chR e bSnG UNkB Yh_ JER c;W >? >R\n @hSR 5{UB@RP7 JE GhB <\B
@hvR cLc @Hn @CM <Xn <N^@ <E \A@`dd.O" \A@O_S<.O" \A@\>A^<.O" JE \A@^PSd.O:
1)ng 2 LH'7
function [y,n] = sigadd(x1,n1,x2,n2)
%Thuc hien y(n) = x1(n)+x2(n)
%----------------------------------------------
%[y,n] = sigadd(x1,n1,x2,n2)
% y = day tong co vector chi so n
%x1 = day thu nhat co vector chi so n1
%x2 = day thu hai co vector chi so n2 (n2 co the khac n1)
n = min(min(n1),min(n2)):max(max(n1),max(n2));
y1 = zeros(1,length(n)); y2 = y1;
y1(find((n>=min(n1))&(n<=max(n1))==1)) = x1;
y = y1+y2;
(8
Fh?n 2 LH'7
function [y,n] = sigmult(x1,n1,x2,n2)
%Thuc hien y(n) = x1(n)*x2(n)
%----------------------------------------------
% y = day tich co vector chi so n
%x1 = day thu nhat co vector chi so n1
%x2 = day thu hai co vector chi so n2 (n2 co the khac n1)
n = min(min(n1),min(n2)):max(max(n1),max(n2));
y1 = zeros(1,length(n)); y2 = y1;
y = y1.*y2;
#rM NL9chO7
function [y,n] = sigshift(x,m,n0)
%Thuc hien y(n) = x(n-n0)
%----------------------------------------------
%[y,n] = sigshift(x,m,n0)
n = m + n0; y = x;
/i(n *+ n :;7
function [y,n] = sigfold(x,n)
%Thuc hien y(n) = x(-n)
%----------------------------------------------
%[y,n] = sigfold(x,n)
y = fliplr(x); n = -fliplr(n);
(.5. VBi@ chNOnG @PQnh @\R hEF n~nG <N^nG cqW F]@ Ur_ JkB cLc @hWF >? YXD JER JE
YXD PW YN^c nhTM JER @hvR chD <Cnh:
Ex = energy(x,n);
(.). Thj hBCn @PHn Yp @hd Ur_ C(n) = 8 ( n + 8) 8 ( n ) "5 n 5 @ h v R c h N O n G
@PQnh FD btnG cLch G cLc UnG <Cnh @hvR bSnG UNkB Yh_ JER c;W >? >R\n @hSR 5{UB@RP7
JE GhB <\B @hvR @Hn @CM SPS_<AP=w1w4.
n = [-5:5];
x = 2*impseq(-2,-5,5) - impseq(4,-5,5);
stem(n,x);
title('Day so theo dau bai 1.5');
xlabel('n'); ylabel('x(n)');
G SPS_<AP=w1w4 @\B c;W > <Cnh cqW MATLAB Yj ch\_ cdch bSn nxB @PHn JE svF Yp @hd
cqW Ur_ >?.
(.. VBi@ chNOnG @PQnh @hj hBCn @PHn Yp @hd cLc Ur_ >WD Yh_:
(
W.

(

n(
[u(n ( ) u(n 8 )] " n 8
b. C(n) = c R > ( . n) + .8P(n) " n 8 " J k B 5 n 7 < E h E F c x G B L @ P d n G D n h B H n
@hvR Mhhn b? GWD>>" @PDnG bQnh btnG " MhNOnG >WB btnG (
$WD Yx @Anh n~nG <N^nG cqW @nG Ur_.
(.9. Thj hBCn @PHn Yp @hd chD c cqW Ur_ @DXn hREn JkB chD c N5
(n) = . . . "5 " " " 8 " ( " 5 " " " 8 " ( "5 " " "8 " ( " . . . " ( n @ h vR c h N O nG @P Qnh F D bt nG c L c h
G cLc UnG <Cnh @hvR bSnG UNkB Yh_ JER c;W >? >R\n @hSR 5{UB@RP7 JE GhB <\B @hvR @Hn @CM
SPS_<AP=w1w/.
n = [-10:9]; x = [5 4 3 2 1];
P = 4;
xtilde = x'*ones(1,P)
xtilde = xtilde(:)'
stem(n,xtilde);title('Day so theo dau bai 1.8');
xlabel('n'); ylabel('xtilde(n)');
G <Cnh SPS_<AP=w1w/ @\B c;W > <Cnh cqW MATLAB Yj ch\_ cdch bSn nxB @PHn JE svF Yp
@hd cqW Ur_ >?.
TAnh cnG >Dg@ @PDnG bQnh cqW Ur_ Yr chR e @PHn.
(.. ChR Ur_ C(n) = ( "8 " " " 5 " ) " " ) " 5 " " " 8 " (
Yp @hd cLc Ur_ >WD Yh_:

8 n ( . VBi@ chNOnG @PQnh @hj @PHn
W.
C( ( n) = 8C(n 5) C(n + )
b. C8 ( n) = C( n) C(n)C(n 8)
(.(. TPRnG MATLAB cx hEF MP=K @hVc hBCn @PS JK F]@ Ur_ <E ci@ nDS cqW MhM @Anh
@Ach chTM GBW 8 Ur_ YN^c chR @hvR @hWF >? YXD JER cqW hEF MP=K. TD_ nhBHn" cLc Ur_
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%Ham tinh tich chap da duoc sua doi danh cho
%xu ly so tin hieu
%--------------------------------------------------
%[y,ny] = conv_m(x,nx,h,nh)
%[y,ny] = day ket qua
%[x,nx] = day thu nhat
%[h,nh] = day thu hai
%
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bBin YB 6RDPBvP nhWnh 56W>@ 6RDPBvP TPWn>yRPF w 66T7. TN @NenG cqW @hDT@ @RLn nE_
c|nG cx @hj LM UlnG chR MhM @Anh bBin YB 6RDPBvP GXn YZnG @PHn M( YBjF P[B P\c @PRnG
chRSnG " .
HEF ^^< cqW MATLAB chR MhM @hVc hBCn JBCc bBin YB 6RDPBvP P[B P\c @hvR @hDT@
@RLn bBin YB 6RDPBvP nhWnh. HEF ^^< YN^c JBi@ btnG nGn nG FL_ chI chnG MhSB btnG
nGn nG MATLAB nHn nx nDL @PQnh @hVc hBCn bBin YB 6RDPBvP P[B P\c YN^c @Bin hEnh
Pg@ nhWnh. NiD N <E <D} @hW cqW 8" hEF ^^< > GBSB nD_i@ bEB @RLn @hvR @hDT@ @RLn cO >? 8.
NiD N chnG MhSB <E <D} @hW cqW 8" hEF ^^< @Lch N @hEnh @Ach cqW cLc @hW >? nGD_Hn @?
JE @hDT@ @RLn cO >? hon h^M YN^c LM UlnG @PRnG @PN[nG h^M nE_. CD?B cfnG" chB N <E F]@
>? nGD_Hn @?" hEF ^^< > >D_ GBSF JK @hDT@ @RLn bBin YB 6RDPBvP P[B P\c U\nG nGD_Hn @hj
@hvR YZnG nhN cnG @hIc cqW Ydnh nGhW e @PHn. HEF A^^< @hVc hBCn nDL @PQnh nGN^c <\B"
bBin YB 6RDPBvP nGN^c. .Lnh GBL @?c Y] @h[B GBWn @Anh @RLn cqW hEF ^^< <E F]@ @PRnG
nhnG n]B UDnG @hVc hEnh cqW MhXn nE_.
>. M?$ @A +1/) B, ),- "56 MATLAB
abs, angle: @PS JK cLc hEF @hj hBCn MRYDn JE AGDFvn cqW F]@ >? MhIc
real, imag: @PS JK cLc hEF @hj hBCn MhXn @hVc JE MhXn SR cqW F]@ >? MhIc
residuez: @PS JK cLc YBjF cVc JE cLc hC >? @NOnG InG JkB cLc YBjF cVc Yx
@PRnG Mhhn @Ach F]@ hEF Mhhn @hIc hD @ e FBKn ! @hEnh cLc @hEnh MhXn <E cLc
hEF Mhhn @hIc YOn GBSn" nGN^c <\B niD YXD JER <E UWnh >Lch cLc YBjF cVc JE cLc
hC >?" hEF Pv>BUDv > @PS JK hEF Mhhn @hIc hD @ e FBKn !
poly: sh_ UVnG F]@ YW @hIc @ UWnh >Lch cLc nGhBCF cqW nx
ztrans: @PS JK bBin YB ! cqW F]@ hEF >? YN^c Ydnh nGhW @hvR cnG @hIc cqW
F]@ bBjD @N^nG 5>_FbR<7
iztrans: hEF nGN^c <\B cqW hEF ztrans
zplane: @hj hBjn Mhhn b? YBjF cVc JE YBjF chnG cqW F]@ hEF Mhhn @hIc hD
@ <Hn F@ MhnG !
freqz: @PS JK YLM InG @Xn >? cqW F]@ hC @h?nG @\B F]@ >? hD h\n cLc YBjF P[B
P\c @PHn JnG @Pn YOn Jd chB bBi@ hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ cqW nx
fft: @hVc hBCn bBin YB 6RDPBvP P[B P\c cqW F]@ Ur_ >? cx Y] UEB hD h\n @hvR
@hDT@ @RLn bBin YB 6RDPBvP nhWnh JE @PS JK ci@ nDS bBin YB 6RDPBvP P[B P\c cqW
Ur_ >? Yx
clock: @PS JK @h[B GBWn @hVc hBCn @\B
etime: @PS JK @h[B GBWn @Anh btnG GBh_ GBW 8 @h[B YBjF.
C. CD" E&'" $)F" ),/)
(.(. ChR Ur_ C(n) = " 5n u(n)
W. 3VW @PHn Ydnh nGhW cqW bBin YB !" @QF bBin YB ! cqW Ur_ @PHn
b. 'BjF chInG <\B ci@ nDS chD W btnG hEF ztrans
http://www.ebook.edu.vn 8(
{ }
c. T ci@ nDS @PHn" @QF bBin YB 6RDPBvP cqW s5n7
U. 3fnG MATLAB @hj hBCn @PHn Yp @hd Mh 25v 7 @\B 5( YBjF P[B P\c @PRnG chRSnG
" @hvR chNOnG @PQnh FD btnG cLch G cLc UnG <Cnh @hvR bSnG UNkB Yh_ JER
c;W >? >R\n @hSR 5{UB@RP7 JE GhB <\B @hvR @Hn @CM SPS_<AP=w1w10.
w = [0:1:500]*pi/500;
X = exp(j*w) ./ (exp(j*w)- 0.5*ones(1,501));
magX = abs(X); angX = angle(X);
realX = real(X); imagX = imag(X);
%
subplot(2,2,1); plot(w/pi,magX); grid;
title('Magnitude Part'); xlabel('frequency in pi units');
ylabel('Magnitude');
subplot(2,2,3); plot(w/pi,angX); grid;
title('Angle Part'); xlabel('frequency in pi units');
ylabel('Radians');
subplot(2,2,2); plot(w/pi,realX); grid;
title('Real Part'); xlabel('frequency in pi units');
ylabel('Real');
subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,imagX); grid;
title('Imaginary Part'); xlabel('frequency in pi units');
ylabel('Imaginary');
G <Cnh SPS_<AP=w1w10 @\B c;W > <Cnh cqW MATLAB Yj ch\_ cdch bSn nxB @PHn JE svF
cLc Yp @hd.
(.(5. ChR Mh 25v 7 cx U\nG >WD:
Q (D E ) = D

E
8
>Bn
VBi@ chNOnG @PQnh @hj hBCn @PHn Yp @hd cLc hEF Mh bBHn Y]" Mh MhW" MhXn @hVc JE MhXn
SR cqW 25v 7" @Anh @\B 8( YBjF P[B P\c @PRnG chRSnG `8 "8 .
(.(). ChR Ur_ s5n7 cx U\nG nhN >WD:
C(n) = . . . " " " ( " 8 " " " 5 " " " . . .
.h_ <E F]@ Ur_ >? sLc Ydnh @PRnG F]@ chRSnG hD h\n @ `( Yin .
TAnh JE @hj hBCn Mh cqW Ur_ s5n7 @\B 5( YBjF P[B P\c @PRnG chRSnG " @hvR chNOnG
@PQnh FD btnG cLch G cLc UnG <Cnh @hvR bSnG UNkB Yh_ JER c;W >? >R\n @hSR 5{UB@RP7
JE GhB <\B @hvR @Hn @CM SPS_<AP=w1w14.
n = -1:3; x = 1:5;
k = 0:500; w = (pi/500)*k;
X = x*(exp(-j*pi/500)).^(n'*k);
magX = abs(X); angX = angle(X);
realX = real(X); imagX = imag(X);
%
subplot(2,2,1); plot(k/500,magX); grid;
title('Magnitude Part'); xlabel('frequency in pi units');
subplot(2,2,3); plot(k/500,angX); grid;
title('Angle Part'); xlabel('frequency in pi units');
ylabel('Radians');
subplot(2,2,2); plot(k/500,realX); grid;
title('Real Part'); xlabel('frequency in pi units');
ylabel('Real');
subplot(2,2,4); plot(k/500,imagX); grid;
title('Imaginary Part'); xlabel('frequency in pi units');
ylabel('Imaginary');
G <Cnh SPS_<AP=w1w14 @\B c;W > <Cnh cqW MATLAB Yj ch\_ cdch bSn nxB @PHn JE svF
cLc Yp @hd.
(.(. ChR Ur_ C(n) = r Dc t ( n)
VBi@ chNOnG @PQnh @Anh JE @hj hBCn Mh cqW Ur_ s5n7 @\B 5( YBjF P[B P\c @PRnG chRSnG
" @NOnG @V nhN bEB (.().
(.(9. M]@ hEF e FBKn ! YN^c chR JkB cnG @hIc >WD Yh_:
Q ( T ) =
8
T
HEF >? 257 cx @hj JBi@ UNkB U\nG @ >? cqW hWB YW @hIc @hvR `( nhN >WD
Q (T) =
T
T 8 T + (
=
T (
T ( + T 8
=
+ T (
T ( + T 8
W. $; UlnG <Cnh Fk\Ad_kx cqW MATLAB" @Anh cLc YBjF cVc" @hnG UN @\B cLc YBjF
cVc @hvR chNOnG @PQnh FD btnG cLch G cLc UnG <Cnh @hvR bSnG UNkB Yh_ JER
c;W >? >R\n @hSR 5{UB@RP7 JE GhB <\B @hvR @Hn @CM SPS_<AP=w1w1/.
b = [0 1]; a = [3 -4 1];
[R,p,C] = residuez(b,a)
%
[b a] = residuez(R,p,C)
G <Cnh SPS_<AP=w1w1/ @\B c;W > <Cnh cqW MATLAB Yj ch\_ cdch bSn nxB @PHn JE svF
ci@ nDS @Anh @RLn. T Yx hr_ JBi@ U\nG @nG cLc hEF Mhhn @hIc YOn GBSn cqW 257.
T T + (
8
(( " T ) ( ( "T )
b. T ci@ nDS chD @PHn" JBi@ cnG @hIc chWB @PBjn 257 @hEnh @nG cLc Mhhn @hIc YOn
GBSn" @ Yx @QF bBin YB ! nGN^c cqW 257 @PHn FBKn >WR chR s5n7 <E F]@ Ur_ nhhn
nDS.
c. 'BjF chInG <\B ci@ nDS chD b btnG hEF iztrans
(.(. ChR hEF 257 JkB cnG @hIc nhN >WD:
Q ( T) =
(
( 8 (
W. VBi@ chNOnG @PQnh @Anh cLc YBjF cVc" @hnG UN cqW cLc YBjF cVc cqW hEF 257
@PHn
5G^B =: cx @hj UfnG hEF HPSi cqW MATLAB Yj chB Mhlc <\B YW @hIc FD >? @
F]@ FSnG cLc nGhBCF cqW YW @hIc ` FSnG cLc YBjF cVc cqW 2577
b. T ci@ nDS chD @PHn" JBi@ cnG @hIc chWB @PBjn 257 @hEnh @nG cLc Mhhn @hIc YOn
GBSn" @ Yx @QF bBin YB ! nGN^c cqW 257 @PHn FBKn T > " .
(.8. ChR hC @h?nG nhhn nDS bBjD UBan beB MhNOnG @PQnh >WD:
'(n) " '(n () = C(n)
W. TQF hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ cqW hC @h?nG
$WD Yx @hVc hBCn cLc cnG JBCc >WD:
b. 3fnG <Cnh xHS`=k cqW MATLAB bBjD UBan @PHn Yp @hd F@ MhnG ! >V Mhhn b?
cLc YBjF cVc JE YBjF chnG
b = [1 0]; a = [1 -0.9];
% Tim phan bo diem cuc va diem khong
subplot(1,2,1);
zplane(b,a);
title('Z plane');
% Tim dap ung tan so bang cach danh gia 200 diem roi rac
% cua H(z) tren duong tron don vi
[H, w] = freqz(b,a,200,'whole');
magH = abs(H(1:101)); phaH= angle(H(1:101));
% Ve dap ung tan so
subplot(2,2,2); plot(w(1:101)/pi,magH); grid;
title('Magnitude Response');
xlabel('frequency in pi units');
subplot(2,2,4); plot(w(1:101)/pi,phaH/pi); grid;
title('Phase Response');
xlabel('frequency in pi units');
ylabel('Phase in pi units');
c. 3fnG <Cnh ^Fkvx @Anh JE bBjD UBan @PHn Yp @hd hEF YLM InG @Xn >? H5v 7 cqW hC
@h?nG 5bWR GpF YLM InG bBHn Y] ` @Xn >? JE YLM InG MhW ` @Xn >?7 @\B 8 YBjF P[B
P\c @PHn YN[nG @Pn YOn Jd @hvR chNOnG @PQnh FD btnG cLch G cLc UnG <Cnh
@hvR bSnG @PHn JER c;W >? >R\n @hSR 5{UB@RP7 JE GhB <\B @hvR @Hn @CM
SPS_<AP=w1w*:.
G <Cnh SPS_<AP=w1w*: @\B c;W > <Cnh cqW MATLAB Yj ch\_ cdch bSn nxB @PHn JE svF
cLc Yp @hd.
(.8(. ChR hC @h?nG nhhn nDS bBjD UBan beB MhNOnG @PQnh >WD:
'(n) "9 ( '(n 8) = C(n) C(n 8)
W. VBi@ cnG @hIc hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ H57 cqW hC @h?nG
VBi@ cLc chNOnG @PQnh btnG MATLAB @hVc hBCn cLc cnG JBCc >WD:
b. TAnh Jd @PA cLc YBjF cVc" cLc hC >? @PRnG chWB @PBjn H57 @hEnh @nG cLc Mhhn @hIc
YOn GBSn.
c. BBjD UBan Mhhn b? YBjF cVc JE YBjF chnG @PHn F@ MhnG !
U. TAnh JE bBjD UBan @PHn Yp @hd hEF YLM InG @Xn >? H5v 7 cqW hC @h?nG 5bWR GpF
YLM InG bBHn Y] ` @Xn >? JE YLM InG MhW ` @Xn >?7 @\B 8 YBjF P[B P\c @PHn YN[nG
@Pn YOn Jd.
T ci@ nDS @hD YN^c e chD b. @QF hEF YLM InG sDnG h5n7 cqW hC @h?nG.
(.88. T\R cLc hEF @hVc hBCn JBCc bBin YB 6RDPBvP P[B P\c @hDTn JE 6RDPBvP P[B P\c
nGN^c @hvR chNOnG @PQnh FD btnG cLch G cLc UnG <Cnh chR e 8 bSnG UNkB Yh_ JER c;W
>? >R\n @hSR 5{UB@RP7 JE GhB <\B @hvR cLc @Hn @CM <Xn <N^@ <E d^<.O" JE Ad^<.O:
#=m 3i(n Wi R;uriDr rXi rYc thu<n7
function [Xk] = dft(xn,N)
% Tim bien doi Fourier roi rac thuan
% ---------------------------------------------
% [Xk] = dft(xn,N)
% Xk = day cac he so DFT tren doan 0<=k<=N-1
% xn = day huu han N diem
% N = chieu dai DFT
%
n = [0:1:N-1];
k = [0:1:N-1];
WN = exp(-j*2*pi/N);
nk = n' * k;
WNnk = WN .^ nk; % ma tran DFT
Xk = xn * WNnk;
C(n) =
#=m 3i(n Wi R;uriDr rXi rYc ngZc7
function [xn] = idft(Xk,N)
% Tim bien doi Fourier roi rac nguoc
% ---------------------------------------------
% [xn] = idft(Xk,N)
% xn = day co chieu dai huu han tren doan 0<=n<=N-1
% Xk = day cac he so DFT tren doan 0<=k<=N-1
% N = chieu dai DFT
%
n = [0:1:N-1];
k = [0:1:N-1];
WN = exp(-j*2*pi/N);
nk = n' * k;
WNnk = WN .^ (-nk); % ma tran IDFT
xn = (Xk * WNnk)/N;
(.8. 3VW @PHn cLc hEF d^< YN^c sh_ UVnG e @PHn" @QF bBin YB 6RDPBvP P[B P\c cqW Ur_
cx chBKD UEB N8:
( n
n cn li
@hvR chNOnG @PQnh FD btnG cLch G cLc UnG <Cnh @hvR bSnG UNkB Yh_ JER c;W >? >R\n
@hSR 5{UB@RP7 JE GhB <\B @hvR @Hn @CM SPS_<AP=w1w*3.
L = 5; N = 20;
n = [0:N-1];
xn = [ones(1,L), zeros(1,N-L)];
k = n;
Xk = dft(xn,N);
magXk = abs(Xk);
%
subplot(4,2,1); stem(n,xn);
axis([min(n),max(n)+1,-0.5,1.5]);
title('Sequence x(n)');
xlabel('n'); ylabel('x(n)');
subplot(4,2,3); stem(k,magXk);
axis([min(k),max(k)+1,-0.5,5.5]);
title('DFT of SQ. wave: L=5, N=20');
xlabel('k'); ylabel('X(k)');
G <Cnh SPS_<AP=w1w*3 @\B c;W > <Cnh cqW MATLAB Yj ch\_ cdch bSn nxB @PHn JE svF
cLc Yp @hd.
(.8. VBi@ chNOnG @PQnh @Anh JE @hj hBCn @PHn Yp @hd bBin YB 6RDPBvP P[B P\c cqW cLc Ur_
>WD:
http://www.ebook.edu.vn 8)
W. 3r_ cx chBKD UEB N JE C(n) =
b. 3r_ cx chBKD UEB N ) JE C(n) =
c. 3r_ cx chBKD UEB N ) JE C(n) =
( n
n cn li
( n
n cn li
( n )
n cn li
(.85. BBjD UBan @PHn Yp @hd bBjD Yp @hj hBCn F?B nDWn hC GBW chBKD UEB Ur_ N" N bBin
@hBHn @ ( Yin 89" JkB @h[B GBWn @hVc hBCn bBin YB 6RDPBvP cqW hEF MATLAB @hvR
chNOnG @PQnh FD btnG cLch G cLc UnG <Cnh @hvR bSnG UNkB Yh_ JER c;W >? >R\n @hSR
5{UB@RP7 JE GhB <\B @hvR @Hn @CM SPS_<AP=w1w*).
Nmin = 1;
Nmax = 2048;
fft_time = zeros(1,Nmax-Nmin+1);
for n = Nmin:1:Nmax
x = rand(1,n);
t = clock;
fft(x);
fft_time(n-Nmin+1) = etime(clock,t);
end %for
n = [Nmin:1:Nmax];
plot(n,fft_time,'.')
xlabel('N');ylabel('Time in Secs');
title('FFT execution times');
G <Cnh SPS_<AP=w1w*) @\B c;W > <Cnh cqW MATLAB Yj ch\_ cdch bSn nxB @PHn JE svF
ci@ nDS @PHn Yp @hd. NhTn s@ JK ci@ nDS @hj hBCn @PHn Yp @hd.
G. MH %?/0
(. VBi@ cLc chNOnG @PQnh F MhnG Yj cBiF chInG <\B cLc @Anh chg@ cqW: BBin YB !" bBin
YB 6RDPBvP" JE bBin YB 6RDPBvP P[B P\c.
8. VBi@ chNOnG @PQnh F MhnG GBSB @hDT@ @Anh @Ach chTM nhWnh 5hW_ @Ach chTM Mhhn
YR\n7" cx >; UlnG InG UlnG cqW ^^< JE A^^< @PRnG @Anh @Ach chTM @nG Ur_ cRn.
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sDnG chBKD UEB hD h\n" cl @hj:
TAnh chg@ @DXn hREn cqW hEF YLM InG @Xn >?" @Anh chg@ hEF chn cqW hEF YLM
InG bBHn Y] ` @Xn >?" @Anh chg@ hEF < cqW hEF YLM InG MhW ` @Xn >?
VkB b] <c 6IR MhW @D_in @Anh" @Anh chg@ Y?B sInG hRc MhSn Y?B sInG cqW Ur_
YLM InG sDnG
DWn hC GBW YLM InG @Xn >? cqW @nG <R\B b] <c @hvR YLM InG sDnG
0hhn b? YBjF chnG cqW hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ @PHn F@ MhnG !.
.pnG @h[B" >Bnh JBHn cXn nmF JnG cLc c} @hDT@ @nG h^M b] <c cx YLM InG sDnG
chBKD UEB hn h\n bWR GpF cLc MhNOnG MhLM >WD:
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@Xn >? cqW @An hBCD. DL @PQnh <c @An hBCD YN^c @hVc hBCn @hnG nDW cLc Yt SQM [ÂS<kF\].
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<c >? cx YLM InG sDnG chBKD UEB J h\n" cn GB <E b] <c IIR. 0hXn nE_ nDWn @hF Yin
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s@ e MhXn >WD.
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hL (n) = (n )

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hL (n) = (n )

c 8
NGREB PW" b] JB Mhhn JE b] bBin YB HB<bvP@ c|nG YN^c svF s@ Yin beB chZnG
YN^c InG UlnG Pg@ nhBKD @PRnG @PD_Kn @hnG.
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(n ) hL (n) =
cR> (n )
.LM InG @Xn >?: UL (D E ) =
>Bnc c 8 (n ) + c( >Bnc c( (n )
.LM InG bBHn Y] ` @Xn >?: U L D E =
( )
>Bnc c 8 (n ) c( >Bnc c( (n )
( )
( )
( )

" n
" n =
]. /) 3i(n Wi Uil3Drt
E
E
" <
" <
'hB Yx YLM InG sDnG cqW b] bBin YB HB<bvP@ <= @NenG JkB @Pa nhxF <E:

8 ( n )
(n )
" n
" n =
ChZnG @W cx nhTn s@ <E YLM InG sDnG cqW cLc b] <c <= @NenG nxB @PHn cx chBKD
UEB J h\n" sDg@ MhL@ @ ch >? ` Yin " JE chnG nhhn nDS" Un Yin chnG @hj @hVc
hBCn YN^c JK F@ JT@ <=. 'hB @nG h^M b] <c @hVc @i" @W MhSB chgM nhTn YLM InG sDnG
MhSB sDg@ MhL@ @ ch >? Yj YLM InG YBKD cBCn nhhn nDS. 'hB Yx" YLM InG @Xn >? cqW b]
<c @hVc @i cx MhXn nDL Y] @ USB @hnG Yin USB chmn" hRc nGN^c <\B" JE YN^c GB <E USB
chD_jn @BiM 5@PWn>B@BRn bWnU7. .pnG @h[B MhSB cx >V G^n >xnG 5PBMM<v7 e cS USB @hnG JE
USB chmn hRc A@ nhg@ @\B F]@ @PRnG hWB" USB @hnG hRc USB chmn.
VBCc @hBi@ ci b] <c <E nDL @PQnh @QF PW cLc @hWF >?" hW_ Ur_ YLM InG sDnG cqW b]
<c" @hRS Frn cLc _HD cXD ch @BHD c} @hDT@ chR @PNkc" cl @hj <E F]@ >? hRc @g@ cS cLc
<>Ò \l <_iL< ClA [`Y\PS_<k \HkMAÂM`<AP=] >WD:
TXn >? cm@ USB @hnG M

TXn >? cm@ USB @hnG >
BK P]nG USB nDL Y]
.] G^n >xnG USB @hnG (
.] G^n >xnG USB chmn 8
TPHn @hVc @i" cLc @hWF >? @hN[nG YN^c chR UNkB U\nG <Gu=@ ClA [FkS`<AKk
\HkMAÂM`<AP=] @Anh @hvR YOn Jd UvcBbv<> UNkB U\nG >WD Yh_:
.] G^n >xnG USB @hnG @hvR UB" YN^c @Anh btnG cnG @hIc:
^ " = 8 <RG
( (
( + (
[L /]
.] >D_ GBSF USB chmn @hvR UB YN^c @Anh btnG cnG @hIc:
-* = 8 <RG
8
.LM InG @Xn >?: UL (D E ) =
8 > B n
8
hL (n) =
( + (
[L /]
3R YLM InG @Xn >? <E bBin YB 6RDPBvP cqW Ur_ YLM InG sDnG" FE Ur_ nE_ cx @Anh
chg@ P[B P\c @hvR @h[B GBWn" nHn hEF YLM InG @Xn >? cqW F]@ hC @h?nG <E @DXn hREn JkB chD
c 8 . BeB _HD cXD @hBi@ ci <E b] <c @nG h^M YN^c JK F@ @hVc @i" hW_ nxB F]@ cLch
chLc s; <= cLc Ur_ @An hBCD JkB GBL @Pd @hVc" nHn Ur_ YLM InG sDnG h5n7 <E Ur_ @hVc" UR Yx
hEF YLM InG @Xn >? H5v 7 cx @Anh chg@ Y?B sInG HvPFB@" cx nGhW <E H5v 7 H5v` 7.
.BKD nE_ Un Yin JkB FB b] <c @hVc @i YLM InG bBHn Y] ` @Xn >? <E F]@ hEF chn" YLM
InG MhW ` @Xn >? <E F]@ hEF <. VQ JT_" chB svF s@ hEF YLM InG @Xn >? cqW b] <c" ch
cXn svF s@ @PRnG chRSnG " <E Yq.
B] <c 6IR cx F]@ >? ND YBjF JK F@ @hVc hBCn nhN >WD:
.LM InG MhW <E @D_in @Anh

TNOnG Y?B Ua @hBi@ ci JE <Dn <Dn <E hC @h?nG n Ydnh
ThVc hBCn YN^c JkB hBCD nDS cWR
Cx @hj @hVc hBCn YN^c @PHn cO >e LM UlnG bBin YB 6RDPBvP P[B P\c.
VkB b] <c 6IR @W <Dn Y@ YN^c YBKD cBCn MhW @D_in @Anh" YBKD nE_ cx nGhW YLM
InG MhW ` @Xn >? <E F]@ hEF >? bTc nhg@ @hvR @Xn >? " @NOnG YNOnG JkB @hVc hBCn JBCc @Pa
hEF YLM InG sDnG e FBKn @h[B GBWn. 'hB F]@ hC @h?nG cx MhW @D_in @Anh" @Pa nhxF 5GPRDM
Uv<W_7 <E F]@ htnG >?" @hQ cx ND YBjF <E cLc @hEnh MhXn @Xn >? chLc nhWD cqW @An hBCD @\B
YXD JER cx cfnG @h[B GBWn @Pa nhN nhWD >WD chB chR nDW hC @h?nG @\B YXD PW. HEF YLM InG
MhW ` @Xn >? cqW b] <c 6IR cx U\nG nhN >WD:
( ) = " J k B" < E c L c h t n G > ?
JE hEF YLM InG @Xn >? cqW b] <c 6IR YN^c chR UNkB U\nG Y] <kn JE MhW nhN >WD:
U (D E ) = -(D E )D E ( ) " J k B-(D E ) < E h E F @ h V c
'hB LM Y@ @hHF YBKD cBCn MhW @D_in @Anh JER b] <c 6IR" Ur_ YLM InG sDnG cqW
b] <c ch cx @hj Y?B sInG hRc MhSn Y?B sInG. 3VW @PHn @Anh chg@ Y?B sInG hW_ MhSn Y?B
sInG cqW Ur_ YLM InG sDnG JE chBKD UEB N cqW Ur_ YLM InG sDnG" nGN[B @W Mhhn <R\B b]
<c 6IR <EF <R\B >WD Yh_:
B] <c 6IR <R\B (: h5n7 Y?B sInG" N <" =
" =
F (
8
B] <c 6IR <R\B 8: h5n7 Y?B sInG" N chn" =
" =
F (
8
B] <c 6IR <R\B : h5n7 MhSn Y?B sInG" N

<" =
B] <c 6IR <R\B : h5n7 MhSn Y?B sInG" N
<" =
8
" =
" =
F (
8
F (
8
.LM InG @Xn >? cqW b] <c 6IR chR @nG <R\B <E nhN >WD:
!. RS^ l;Yi 17
E
U (D ) = !(n)c R >n
F8(

n=
D E 8
F (
JkB
8
" h <E F D G B Wc qW U r_ YL M In Gs D nG.
8
F
(
8
F (
F (
8
L_n Yin-(D E ) =
8
n=
F (
8
3. RS^ l;Yi 27
F (
E ( E 8

JkB
F
8
" JkB (
n
F
8
F
c. RS^ l;Yi 37
E
8

n= ( 8
F (
8
JkB
F (
8
F (
8
Un Yin-(D E ) =
F (
8
n= (
F (
8
L. RS^ l;Yi 47
F F (
E ( E 8 8

JkB
F
8
!() = h
F F
!(n) = 8h n " JkB ( n
!(n)c R >n " J E ( ) =

F8
U (D ) = 3(n)c R > n D
n = (

3(n) = 8h
Un Yin -(D E ) = 3(n)c R > n " J E ( ) =

(
U (D ) = c(n)>B nn D 8 8
F ( E

c(n) = 8h n " JkB ( n
c(n)> B nn " J E ( ) = 8
U (D ) = L ( n)> B n n D
n = (
8

L ( n) = 8h
Un Yin -(D E ) = L ( n)> B n n " J E ( ) =
" JkB
(
n
F
8
F
8
n= ( 8
F (
8
.?B JkB cLc hC @h?nG 6IR nxB chDnG" hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ H57 cx UD_ nhg@ F]@ YBjF
cVc @\B " bTc N`(" JE FBKn h]B @l RC: T > .BeB Ur_ YLM InG sDnG <E Ur_ @hVc nHn hEF
@PD_Kn Y\@ cx @Anh chg@ Y?B sInG HvPFB@" chR nHn niD <E F]@ YBjF chnG cqW H57 @hQ
c|nG <E F]@ YBjF chnG cqW H57. 3R Ur_ YLM InG sDnG cqW b] <c 6IR MhW @D_in
@Anh <E Y?B sInG hRc MhSn Y?B sInG" Un Yin niD <E F]@ YBjF chnG cqW H57 @hQ (
c|nG <E F]@ YBjF chnG cqW H57. TPN[nG h^M @nG nDL@" niD nhN bBi@ F]@ YBjF chnG
cqW YLM InG @Xn >? b] <c 6IR MhW @D_in @Anh H57 @\B T = rD " chZnG @W >D_ PW PtnG H57
(
r
(
r
@Pn YOn Jd" >? YBjF chnG YN^c >D_ PW >D_ GBSF cn 8" JE chB YBjF chnG <E ( hRc `("
chnG >D_ PW YN^c @hHF YBjF chnG nER. TAnh chg@ nE_ cx @hj LM UlnG @PRnG @hBi@ ci b]
<c btnG cLch Fmc n?B @BiM nhBKD chhD" FoB chhD cx YLM InG MhW @D_in @Anh.
ThvR >Lch GBLR @PQnh qXb Sy <;= >AL_ KN SQM \lr" cx MhNOnG MhLM Yj @nG h^M
b] <c 6IR MhW @D_in @Anh" Yx <E:
0hNOnG MhLM c;W >

0hNOnG MhLM <g_ FD @Xn >?
0hNOnG MhLM <M
!. Jh8ng "h2" c`! *W
TN @NenG cO bSn cqW MhNOnG MhLM c;W > <E @QF PW YLM InG sDnG cqW b] <c <=
@NenG PpB >WD Yx cm@ sn e hWB YXD 5hW_ nhhn JkB F]@ hEF c;W >?7 Ur_ YLM InG sDnG Yx
>WR chR @W @hD YN^c F]@ b] <c 6IR MhW @D_in @Anh" YpnG @h[B <E nhhn nDS. .BjF nhgn
F\nh e MhNOnG MhLM nE_ <E @QF PW YLM InG sDnG @hAch h^M cqW b] <c <= @NenG JE <VW
chn hEF c;W >? @hAch h^M. VK F@ <= @NenG" b] <c @hnG @hgM <= @NenG MhW @D_in @Anh
cx Y] <^B USB @hnG btnG ( JE YLM InG @Xn >? btnG @PHn @REn USB chmn" @Ic <E:
D E

" c
, n cn li
" JkB c <E @Xn >? cm@ JE <E @Pa nhxF
@hQ @W > @hD YN^c Ur_ YLM InG sDnG
hL (n) =
c
>Bnc c ( n )
cx @Anh chg@ Y?B sInG @\B .
VkB cLc b] <c >? <= @NenG chLc" bWR GpF @hnG cWR" @hnG USB" JE chmn USB" Ur_
YLM InG sDnG c|nG cx U\nG @NOnG @V nhN JT_ JE cx @hj >D_ PW @ U\nG YLM InG sDnG cqW
b] <c @hnG @hgM <= @NenG nxB @PHn. VkB b] JB Mhhn JE b] bBin YB HB<bvP@" btnG bBin YB
@RLn hc" @W c|nG cx YN^c YLM InG sDnG cx @Anh chg@ MhSn Y?B sInG @\B .
.j @hD YN^c YLM InG sDnG cqW b] <c 6IR JK F@ @hVc @i" MhNOnG MhLM cqW >
UfnG c} @hDT@ nhhn hEF YLM InG sDnG cqW b] <c <= @NenG hU5n7 JkB F]@ hEF c;W >
5n7" JkB 5n7 <E F]@ hEF Y?B sInG Y?B JkB @PRnG chRSnG @ Yin N`( JE btnG @PRnG
= ( D "
T = T = rD " JE T ( = T = rD " T 8 = T
cx YBjF chnG <E:
( ) = ( D . TPN[nG h^M Yc bBC@" YBjF chnG ntF @PHn @Plc @hVc hRc YN[nG
T = T
( )
U L D E =
chRSnG cn <\B. 'i@ nDS <E hEF YLM InG sDnG cqW b] <c @hVc @i h5n7 <E Y?B sInG hRc
@PRnG chRSnG "N`(.
8
M]@ >? c;W >? @hnG UlnG YN^c <VW chn <E:
Cb` \l M>R =>T<
( " n F (
, n cn li
VBCc nhhn c;W > ch nhT@ JkB YLM InG sDnG cqW b] <c <= @NenG e FBKn @h[B GBWn
@NOnG YNOnG JkB <g_ @Ach chTM <BHn @lc @DXn hREn e FBKn @Xn >? GBW YLM InG @Xn >? cqW
b] <c <= @NenG JkB Snh nDW MhM bBin YB 6RDPBvP cqW hEF c;W >.
(
8
L R
E E ( )
)L
BBin YB 6RDPBvP cqW Ur_ ch nhT@ YN^c chR nhN hQnh J UNkB 5Yr YN^c @hVc hEnh
e BEB (7. Yh_ @W cx F]@ >? nhTn s@ JK hEF bBin YB 6RDPBvP cqW Ur_ ch nhT@ JE YLM
InG @Xn >? cqW b] <c @hVc @i chB UfnG c;W >? ch nhT@:
BeB c;W > 5n7 cx Y] P]nG btnG N nHn @PRnG
chRSnG ` " e FBKn @Xn >?" zR5v 7 cx F]@
bNkD chAnh bBHn Y] Pg@ cWR" Y] P]nG N JE cLc
bNkD bHn cx bBHn Y] nh hOn.
TAch chTM @DXn hREn GBW YLM InG @Xn >? cqW b]
<c >? <= @NenG HU5v 7 JkB zR5v 7 > @\R PW YLM
InG @Xn >? cqW b] <c H5v 7 GB?nG JkB U\nG cqW
HU5v 7 nhNnG bd s YB.
BNkD chAnh cqW zR5v 7 > @\R PW USB chD_jn
@BiM cqW H5v 7" bNkD chAnh cqW zR5v 7 cEnG
hM" @NOnG YNOnG JkB N <kn" USB chD_jn @BiM cqW H5v 7 > cEnG nh.
CLc bNkD bHn cqW zR5v 7 > @\R PW >V G^n >xnG nhN nhWD e cS USB @hnG JE USB chmn
cqW H5v 7.
L= @hD_i@ JE @hVc @i chInG @ F]@ >? Yc YBjF chAnh cqW b] <c @hVc @i YN^c @nG
h^M @hvR MhNOnG MhLM c;W > ch nhT@ nhN >WD:
GBL @Pd sgM s cqW Y] P]nG USB chD_jn @BiM 5@Anh @ Ynh G^n >xnG cD?B cfnG cqW USB
@hnG Yin chB YLM InG @Xn >? GBSF Yin chnG7 btnG Y] P]nG cqW bNkD chAnh JE btnG
.
F
T >? GBW Ynh bNkD bHn YXD @BHn JE Ynh bNkD chAnh <E (UB.
$WD MhM @Anh @Ach chTM <BHn @lc @DXn hREn" YLM InG bBHn Y] YN^c @Ach <D} JkB nhBKD
bNkD <BHn @BiM JE bNkD bHn YXD @BHn e USB chmn > POB JER Jd @PA >D_ GBSF 8(UB >R JkB
MhSn Y?B sInG Y?B JkB =
F (
P (n) = rDctF (n) =
( ) ( ) ( )( )
U D E = U L D E zR D E =
U (D )z (D
Ynh e USB @hnG" GBL @Pd nE_ chnG Mhl @hD]c M. 3R Yx Y] >D_ GBSF USB chmn @?B @hBjD
<E 8(UB JE c|nG chnG Mhl @hD]c M.
NhnG Yc YBjF @PHn nxB <Hn PtnG UfnG c;W > ch nhT@ cx F]@ >? nhN^c YBjF
>WD:
ChR Uf chBKD P]nG cqW c;W > N @~nG" Y] P]nG cqW FoB F]@ bNkD bHn GBSF YB nhNnG
UBCn @Ach @NOnG Y?B cqW @nG bNkD Y?B JkB bNkD chAnh chnG hK @hW_ YB nHn Y] >D_
GBSF USB chmn @?B @hBjD Jn GB nGD_Hn chnG @hW_ YB <E 8(UB. .] >D_ GBSF USB chmn
@?B @hBjD <E 8(UB @PRnG nhBKD @PN[nG h^M <E chnG Yq JkB _HD cXD cqW @hBi@ ci.
C;W > ch nhT@ cx >V @hW_ YB Y]@ nG]@ e JBKn c;W >" @Ic <E YOn GBSn @W ch cm@ e cS
hWB YXD cqW YLM InG sDnG b] <c <= @NenG hU5n7" Un Yin hBCn @N^nG GBbb. NhQn @PHn
YLM InG @Xn >? > @hg_ cLc bx G^n UE_ <Hn chB @Bin PW c\nh cqW USB @hnG JE USB chmn.
NhtF @~nG Y] >D_ GBSF USB chmn JE h\n chi hBCn @N^nG GBbb" F]@ >? U\nG c;W >
>WD Yr YN^c YNW PW JE YN^c LM UlnG Pg@ nhBKD @PRnG @hBi@ ci cLc b] <c @hVc @i:
Cb` \c B`F<Sk< [>ì Mb` \c <Ò @AIM]
8n
F (
8n
F (
F (
8
F (
8
, n cn li
Cb` \c H`==A=@ [>ì Mb` \l H`==]

"5 "5 cR> " n F (
F (
, n cn li
Cb` \l HÒOA=@
"5 ") cR> " n F (
F (
, n cn li
Cb` \c BS`MWO`=9 chR Yin hEB bTc hWB
"8 "5 cR> + "9 cR> " n F (
, n cn li
R PEnG <Dn cx >V YLnh YB GBW @Anh chg@ hM cqW USB chD_jn @BiM JE @Anh G^n
>xnG e USB @hnG JE USB chmn. CLc <R\B c;W >? <EF GBSF hBCD InG G^n >xnG e USB @hnG JE
USB chmn <Dn cx sD hNknG <EF chR bK P]nG cqW USB chD_jn @BiM @~nG <Hn.
3NkB Yh_ <E bSnG @nG ci@ cLc @hnG >? JK Y] P]nG USB chD_jn @BiM JE Y] >D_ GBSF
USB chmn @?B @hBjD Y?B JkB @nG <R\B c;W >:
(n) = 8
"
n
n F (

8 n
(n) =

8 n
(n) =

(n) =
F F
5
Tz= Mb` \c t Ft=@ dZA M>_iJ= <A{H t \_i @AZO dZA
2gM s ChAnh sLc
M>|= <lA <>AJ_
Ch nhT@
BWP@<v@@
HWnnBnG
HWFFBnG
B<WccFWn
F
9
F
9
F
9
F
(8
F
("9
F
)"(
F
)" 8
F
)")
F
((
F
8(UB
85UB
UB
5UB
UB
3\nG c;W > cEnG MhIc @\M" Yj bf chR Y] >D_ GBSF USB chmn @hgM JE GBSF hBCn
@N^nG GBbb @hQ MhSB YLnh YB <g_ USB chD_jn @BiM cx Y] P]nG <kn hOn hW_ cXn Y] UEB YLM
InG sDnG N <kn hOn niD FD?n UD_ @PQ USB chD_jn @BiM cx Y] P]nG chnG YB JE YNOnG
nhBHn <E b] <c > cx @hBi@ ci MhIc @\M hOn.
C;W > 'WB>vP:
LE U\nG c;W > hBCD nDS nhg@ chR MhM @hBi@ ci JkB b] <c cx Y] >D_ GBSF USB
chmn YB hB Pg@ nh. 0hNOnG @PQnh c;W > YN^c chR beB:
P(n) =
S

S [ ]
8

JkB I <E hEF Bv>>v< bTc chnG.
#r;ng *2ch gi2; tr=nh X l tn hiu v lc sa th!m *+ Zc th!' 3bng
F (
8
Li ?' , hm tY; c`! *+ WÀ\kF c! M-#.-/.
CLc cnG @hIc Yj @Anh Y] P]nG c;W > N JE @hWF >? YN^c @Anh @ Y] P]nG USB
chD_jn @BiM" Y] G^n >xnG USB @hnG" JE Y] >D_ GBSF USB chmn nhN >WD:
.] P]nG USB chD_jn @BiM Yr YN^c chDn hRL: ] =
* "
8
BTc cqW b] <c: F
- * "5
(")]
a tu' nhin "hn t$m t%t l& thu'(t n' ghi l ch; "hc hZ" ,i cAng thdc tnh

F

8n
+ (
http://www.ebook.edu.vn )
= "
CLc hEF c;W > nxB @PHn YKD Yr YN^c MATLAB cDnG cgM >n.
3. Jh8ng "h2" l\' m_u tn *+
TN @NenG cqW MhNOnG MhLM nE_ <E sh_ UVnG F]@ b] <c cx YLM InG sDnG chBKD UEB
N JE cx YLM InG @Xn >? sgM s JkB YLM InG @Xn >? cqW b] <c <= @NenG. Cl @hj" @W cx @hj
s@ @\B N FD P[B P\c cLch YKD nhWD @PRnG chRSnG @ Yin 8 " hEF YLM InG @Xn >? cqW b]
<c @hVc @i btnG YZnG JkB hEF YLM InG sDnG cqW b] <c <= @NenG.
NiD nhN @W Yr bBi@ N FD P[B P\c H5c7 @PHn hEF YLM InG @Xn >?" @NOnG YNOnG JkB
N FD Snh nDW MhM bBin YB 6RDPBvP P[B P\c cqW Ur_ YLM InG sDnG h5n7" @W hREn @REn cx
@hj sh_ UVnG hEF YLM InG @Xn >? H5v 7 btnG MhM n]B >D_ @hvR cnG @hIc:
U (D E ) =
( D E F
F
F (
k = (
Q ( k )
E
E
8 k
F
.NOnG nhBHn <E cLc GBL @Pd 25c7 chAnh <E cLc GBL @Pd cqW H5v 7 @\B cLc FD P[B P\c:
3R H5v 7 <E YLM InG @Xn >? cqW F]@ hC @h?nG Yc @PNnG beB Ur_ YLM InG sDnG YOn
Jd @hVc nHn H5v 7 cx @Anh chg@ Y?B sInG HvPFB@" @hF Y?B sInG @\B " YpnG @h[B H5v 7 @DXn
hREn chD c 8 hW_ H5c7 @DXn hREn chD c N. 3R Yx cLc FD P[B P\c 25c7 MhSB cx @Anh
chg@:
U ( k ) = U ( F k ) J k Bk = ( " . . . " F (
RBHnG FD InG JkB c <E F]@ nGR\B <C beB nx <E @hF Y?B sInG niD s@ @PRnG chD
c @DXn hREn cqW H5v 7 <E ` " .
NiD YLM InG @Xn >? YN^c JBi@ UNkB U\nG Y] <kn JE MhW:
U (D E ) = -(D E )D E ( ) " J k B-(D E )" ( ) < E c L c h E F @h V c
nh cqW h5n7 nDW MhM bBin YB 6RDPBvP P[B P\c c|nG YN^c JBi@ UNkB U\nG Y] <kn
JE MhW:
U ( k ) = -(k ) D E ( k ) " Jk B-(k ) " ( k ) < E c L c U r _ @ h V c
@hQ Y] <kn JE MhW cqW Ur_ H5c7 > YN^c @Anh @hvR cnG @hIc:

E
8

k
8
F
" ( ( 8 (-* 9 " ) " -* 5
"598(-* 8()
"99)( -* 8() "8( < -* < 5
(
D
D
U (k ) =
E 8F
k
" JkB k = "("..." F (

-(k ) = - DF JE ( k ) =
k

3R H5v 7 JE H5c7 YKD cx @Anh chg@ Y?B sInG HvPFB@ nHn:
-(k ) = -(F k ) J k Bk = ( " . . . " F (
JE:
" k = ( " . . . "

8 8
8 8
Y?B JkB b] <c 6IR <R\B :

+

" k = ("..."
8 8
F ( 8 F
8
" k = ("..."
8 8 8
8 8
8 8 8
8

8
" k = ("..."
NiD cRB hEF *!i *+ C\" Ce YN^c @Anh btnG Y] >WB <Cch GBW YLM InG @Xn >? cqW b]
<c <= @NenG JkB YLM InG @Xn >? cqW b] <c @hVc @i " @W cx cLc nhTn s@ >WD:
HEF >WB >? sgM s btnG chnG @\B cLc @Xn >? YN^c <g_ FD
HEF >WB >? sgM s @\B cLc @Xn >? chLc Mhl @hD]c JER FIc Y] U?c hW_ Y] bBin
YB Y]@ nG]@ @\B @Xn >? Yx. T\B @Xn >? cx YLM InG cEnG U?c" JA Ul GXn bBHn cqW
USB @hnG JE USB chmn" @hQ cx hEF >WB >? sgM s cEnG <kn.
3r_ YLM InG sDnG cqW b] <c YN^c >D_ PW @ bBin YB 6RDPBvP P[B P\c nGN^c cqW
Ur_ cLc FD 25c7:
h(n) = S K R # [Q ( k ) ]
JE hEF @QF bBin YB 6RDPBvP P[B P\c nGN^c btnG @hDT@ @RLn bBin YB 6RDPBvP nhWnh
cx @hj YN^c LM UlnG @PRnG @PN[nG h^M nE_.
NiD nhN chZnG @W LM UlnG c} @hDT@ @h" @Ic <E cLc FD YN^c nhTn GBL @Pd btnG (
F ( 8 F (
F
Y?B JkB b] <c 6IR <R\B (: (k ) =

+ F ( 8 (F k ) " k = F + ( "..."F (

Y?B JkB b] <c 6IR <R\B 8: (k ) =

F ( 8 F 8
k

F ( F k ) " k = 8 "..." F (
F ( 8 F (
F
k
+ F ( 8 (F k ) " k = F + ( "..."F (
F

8
F ( 8 F 8
F
k
Y?B JkB b] <c 6IR <R\B : (k ) =

+ F ( 8 (F k ) " k = F "..." F (
F

8
@\B USB @hnG JE nhTn GBL @Pd btnG @\B USB chmn" hBCn @N^nG G^n >xnG" hW_ hBCn @N^nG
GBbb" e GXn PQW cLc USB <E @NOnG Y?B <kn" Y] >D_ GBSF USB chmn Pg@ nhBKD @PN[nG h^M <E
chnG Y\@ _HD cXD. ChZnG @W <\B cx nhTn s@ <E Yj Y\@ Y] >D_ GBSF USB chmn @?B @hBjD cEnG
nhBKD @W <Dn MhSB YLnh YB <g_ Y]B P]nG USB chD_jn @BiM <kn 5GB?nG nhN Yr YN^c Mhhn @Ach
e MhNOnG MhLM c;W >7. '} @hDT@ cqW chZnG @W cx @hj LM UlnG <E @\R PW F]@ >? FD e USB
chD_jn @BiM cx @hj nhTn cLc GBL @Pd @PDnG GBWn ntF GBW JE (. $? FD e USB chD_jn @BiM
<E chnG <kn" ch cXn @ ( Yin 8 FD <E Yq UR @PHn @hVc @i USB chD_jn @BiM <E Pg@ nh >R JkB
USB @hnG JE USB chmn.
ThW_ YB cLc GBL @Pd chD_jn @BiM nDL Y] cx @hj Un Yin ci@ nDS @?@ hOn" nxB F]@
cLch chLc Y] >D_ GBSF USB chmn @?B @hBjD <kn hOn. BEB @RLn Y@ PW e Yh_ <E JBCc MhSB @QF
cLch @?B ND hRL GBL @Pd @\B ( hW_ 8 FD Yx Yj Y\@ YN^c Y] >D_ GBSF USB chmn @?B @hBjD <kn
nhg@ @NOnG YNOnG JkB JBCc @?B @hBjD hRL bNkD bHn <kn nhg@. TPRnG t+i u h;2" bEB @RLn
nE_ GB <E bEB @RLn OA=AO`}" JE MATLAB c|nG cDnG cgM hEF nE_ @PRnG b] cnG cl
M@BFBW@BRn TRR<bRs. TD_ nhBHn @PRnG MhXn @hVc hEnh nE_" cLc GBL @Pd e USB chD_jn @BiM
<E chR @PNkc.
c. Jh8ng "h2" lf"
HWB MhNOnG MhLM Yr YN^c @PQnh bE_ e @PHn" MhNOnG MhLM c;W > JE MhNOnG MhLM
<g_ FD @Xn >?" @pn @\B F]@ >? bg@ cTM. ThI nhg@ @W chnG @hj Ydnh YN^c chAnh sLc cLc @Xn
>? cm@ M JE >. ThI hWB @W chnG @hj PEnG bD]c YBKD cBCn YpnG @h[B YBKD cBCn JK Y] G^n
>xnG ( JE 8 e cS USB @hnG JE USB chmn. ThI bW <E hEF >WB >? sgM s Mhhn b? chnG YKD
@PHn cLc USB JE cx sD hNknG @~nG <Hn chB Yin GXn USB chD_jn @BiM. 0hNOnG MhLM <M UVW
@PHn @hDT@ @RLn @?B ND cx @hj GBSB nD_i@ YN^c cLc Jgn YK @PHn.
0hNOnG MhLM nE_ YN^c cLc @EB <BCD YK cTM Yin JkB F]@ >? @Hn GB chLc nhWD:
M@BFW< 5M@BFDF7 {nDBPBM<v" RvFv {schWnGv. BSn chg@ cqW MhNOnG MhLM nE_ <E sDg@
MhL@ @ F]@ chBKD UEB Ur_ N chR @PNkc" btnG @hDT@ @RLn @PWR YB RvFv Yj @QF PW Ur_ YLM
InG sDnG >WR chR cVc Y\B cqW hEF >WB >? GBW YLM InG @Xn >? cqW b] <c <= @NenG JE YLM
InG @Xn >? cqW b] <c @hVc @i <E nh nhg@. NiD nhN hEF YLM InG @Xn >? InG JkB Ur_ YLM
InG sDnG @QF YN^c nxB @PHn Jn chNW @hRS Frn YBKD cBCn _HD cXD cqW @hBi@ ci" GBL @Pd N
cXn MhSB @~nG. DL @PQnh nE_ YN^c <M YB <M <\B Yin chB @QF PW YN^c b] <c @hRS Frn cLc
_HD cXD Yr YN^c Y@ PW.
3NkB Yh_ > @PQnh bE_ @xF @m@ JK F@ <= @hD_i@ nDL @PQnh @?B @hBjD hRL >WB >? cVc
Y\B GBW YLM InG @Xn >? cqW b] <c @hVc @i JE YLM InG @Xn >? cqW@ b] <c <= @NenG. TPNkc
@BHn" @W YNW hEF Y] <kn cqW YLM InG @Xn >? cqW <R\B b] <c 6IR JK U\nG >WD:
-(D E ) = J( ) g( )
^
n=
BSnG >WD Yh_ YNW PW GBL @Pd R" cLc hEF 05 7 JE 5 7 chR <R\B b] <c:
LPVA Yt SQM
6IR <R\B (
6[ ]
(
$
F (
8
^
n=
![ ]
6IR <R\B (
c R >
8
F
8
(
^
n=
6IR <R\B ( >Bn F (
8
(
^
n=
JkB 05 7 <E hEF cx U\nG: J( ) = ( n)c R >n
! ( n)cR> n
3 ( n)cR> n
c ( n)cR> n
6IR <R\B (
> B n
8
F
8
(
^
n=
HEF *!i *+ GBW b] <c <= @NenG JE b] <c @hVc @i YN^c sh_ UVnG nhN >WD:
I( ) = z( ) [AU ( ) A( ) ] J k B h = [ " " ] [ * " ]
HEF {5 7 cx FBKn sLc Ydnh ch <E MhXn USB @hnG JE USB chmn" FE chnG
sLc Ydnh @\B USB chD_jn @BiM.
HEF z5 7 YN^c GB <E hEF @PnG >? cx @Lc UlnG @PSB YKD >WB >? GBW b]
<c @hVc @i JE b] <c <= @NenG @PHn cS USB @hnG JE USB chmn.
NiD @W <VW chn hEF @PnG >? @PRnG @PN[nG h^M 8 > ( " JkB ( JE 8 <Xn <N^@ <E
Y] Y] G^n >xnG cqW USB @hnG JE USB chmn" <E:
(
d i thng
d i chn
@hQ hEF >WB >? e cS USB @hnG JE USB chmn YKD chnG JN^@ nDL 8 e cS USB @hnG JE USB
chmn. .BKD nE_ cx nGhW niD nhN @W @?B @hBjD hRL cVc Y\B cqW hEF >WB >? {5 7 <E 8 @W @V
Y]nG cx <Dn cVc Y\B cqW >WB >? GBW b] <c @hVc @j JE b] <c <= @NenG e USB chmn <E 8 JE
e USB @hnG <E ( .
ChZnG @W nhTn @hg_ <E hEF 5 7 e <R\B b] <c <E chLc nhWD" Yj @PBC@ @BHD hEF
nE_" hEF >WB >? YN^c bBin YB nhN >WD:
A ( )
( )
Yh_ niD nhN Ydnh nGhW cLc hEF @PnG >? bBin U\nG JE hEF Y] <kn cqW YLM InG
@Xn >? b] <c <= @NenG bBin U\nG <E:
-
A U ( )
( )
@hQ hEF >WB >? cqW cS <R\B b] <c cx cfnG U\nG chDnG:
I( ) = z( ) [A - U ( ) 0( ) ]
Bi ton Chebyshev t !" l# #=m c2c h *+ ! ( n)a h ; f c 3( n)a h ; f c c( n) a h ; f c
L ( n) n h b m t+ i t h i i u h ; 2 c 4 c Y i c ! tr 9 t u ' t + i h m * ! i * + t r n L : i t h A n g , L : i c h % n a
tdc l t=m r!7
FBn
@r o n g t p c c h ! " #
L ( n)c R >n

8 z( ) =
I( ) = z( )[A U ( ) A( )] = z( )[A U ( ) 0( )( )] = z( )( ) U
0( )
z( ) = z( )( ) JE A-U ( ) =
-
[F W s I( ) ]
$%nh l &o"y chi'u# h l m)t kh;:ng $ng 3\t kj Nckn g[i l ;Yn ,= n$ chd! c:
3inO trn ;Yn l0a ma gi: *` J( ) c $ L Y n g 7
J( ) = (n)cR> n
I( i ) = I( i ( ) = FWsI( )
- -
^
n =
Um *!i *+ I( ) Z c t n h t h D ; c A n g t h d c 7
I( ) = V ( ) [-U ( ) J( ) ]
niou kin cn , i J( ) L u ' n h \ t , C \ " C e t h D ; k i i u c 4 c Y i l n h @ n h \ t a
thD; nghp! gn qng 1hD3'*hD,a *; ,i A- U ( ) t r n h l 7 ( ) s " i s I( ) * h + i c , t i
thi-u ./0 1i t!% cc t!% 2i 34u &en 56 nh"u t!7n 8 )#
h
vi < ( < 8 < ... < ^ + (
.dnh <= nxB @PHn chnG ch PW cLch @hIc Yj @hD YN^c hEF J( ) . T D _ n h B H n n x c h
PW PtnG nGhBCF Yx @pn @\B" chnG nhnG @hi nGhBCF <E UD_ nhg@ JE YBKD cBCn Yj bBi@ Yx <E
nGhBCF chB hEF >WB >? I( ) c x A @ n h g @ R 8 c V c @ P d " c L c c V c @ P d n E _ c x G B L @ P d @ D _ C @ Y ? B
btnG nhWD" hWB cVc @Pd <BHn @BiM cx F]@ <E cVc Y\B JE F]@ <E cVc @BjD. .j @QF PW hEF J( ) "
@hDT@ @RLn @PWR YB RvFv YN^c @Bin hEnh nhN >WD:
(. Chn <g_ R8 YBjF P[B P\c" GBS >; Yx <E cLc cVc @Pd cqW hEF >WB >?
8. TPHn cO >e @\B R8 YBjF P[B P\c nxB @PHn" hEF I( ) < D h n M h B H n Y B U g D J E c x
@Pd @D_C@ Y?B btnG F]@ GBL @Pd nER Yx" @Anh n]B >D_ <\B GBL @Pd JE hEF J( ) "
@ Yx @Anh PW hEF >WB >? I( ) " @ A n h Y N ^ c G BL @ P d c V c @ P d @ h V c c q W h E F > W B > ? Y x
. 2vF s@ svF cLc GBL @Pd P[B P\c YN^c chn bWn YXD cx @hVc >V <E cLc YBjF FE
hEF >WB >? I( ) Y \ @ c V c @ P d J E c x @ P d @ D _ C @ Y ? B b t n G n h W D h W _ c h n G . N i D
chnG" @QF cLc YBjF @\B Yx I( ) Y \ @ c V c @ P d .
. TPRnG cLc YBjF cVc @Pd Yx cqW I( ) < g _ P W R 8 Y B j F J E n D W _ J K < M < \ B @
bNkc 8.
5. LM <\B cLc bNkc 8" " JE chR Yin chB @TM h^M cLc YBjF P[B P\c h]B @l
). T @TM cLc YBjF P[B P\c cD?B cfnG" @Anh PW hEF J( ) " @ Y x @ A n h P W c L c h C > ?
( n) .
VnG <M @BiM @hvR bWR GB[ c|nG @hD YN^c R8 YBjF P[B P\c @Bin GXn @kB nhnG cVc
@Pd cqW hEF J( ) F E c h Z n G @ W F R n G F D ? n G X n Y Z n G J k B A - U ( ) @ h v R n G h W C h v b _ > h v J
hOn" JE cD?B cfnG nx > h]B @l JK cLc YBjF cVc @Pd @hVc. M]@ Jgn YK @PRnG JBCc >; UlnG
chNOnG @PQnh FL_ @Anh Yj @QF PW nGhBCF <E FL_ @Anh chnG @hj <EF JBCc JkB cLc GBL @Pd
<BHn @lc @PHn FBKn $ FE ch cx chS n~nG @Anh @RLn @PHn @TM cLc GBL @Pd P[B P\c. ThVc @i @W cx
@hj @hBi@ ci F]@ <NkB cLc GBL @Pd P[B P\c @PHn FBKn $ PpB @Anh GXn YZnG @PHn Yx.
0WPc> JE McC<v<<Wn Yr YNW PW GBSB MhLM >; UlnG @hDT@ @RLn RvFv Yj @QF PW YLM
InG sDnG cqW b] <c @?B ND nhg@" @Ic <E GXn YZnG @hvR nGhW Chvb_>hvJ Y?B JkB F]@ b]
<c <= @NenG" chR GBL @Pd N <E chBKD UEB cqW Ur_ YLM InG sDnG nER Yx JkB cLc YBKD cBCn
PEnG bD]c JK Y] G^n >xnG e USB @hnG JE USB chmn nhN >WD:
(. 2Lc Ydnh <R\B b] <c" @Anh GBL @Pd R JE sh_ UVnG cLc hEF V ( ) " g( )
8. 2h_ UVnG bEB @RLn GXn YZnG btnG cLch sLc Ydnh cLc hEF V- ( ) " -- U ( )
. $; UlnG @hDT@ @RLn @PWR YB RvFv Yj @QF PW hEF @?B ND J( )
. TAnh cLc GBL @Pd cqW Ur_ YLM InG sDnG h5n7
Tg@ nhBHn chB chn GBL @Pd N cEnG chDn @hQ ci@ nDS <E @hD YN^c b] <c cx hEF YLM
InG @Xn >? cEnG GXn JkB _HD cXD bEB @RLn. NiD nhN JkB GBL @Pd N nER Yx FE chNW @hRS Frn
YN^c _HD cXD cXD cqW bEB @RLn @hQ @W MhSB @~nG GBL @Pd N Yin chB nER @hRS Frn cLc YBKD
cBCn PEnG bD]c chR ( JE 8 5hW_ A> JE RM7 @hQ @hB. VK F@ cBnh nGhBCF" F]@ >? @EB <BCD
YNW PW cnG @hIc <VW chn bWn YXD chR chBKD UEB N cqW Ur_ YLM InG sDnG <E:
F- =
8 <RG ( 8 (
(")]
"JkB ] =
* "
8
TPRnG MATLAB" JBCc @QF PW Ur_ YLM InG sDnG cqW b] <c @?B ND JkB GBL @Pd N JE
hEF YLM InG @Xn >? <= @NenG chR @PNkc YN^c @hVc hBCn beB hEF ÂFHO.
>. M?$ @A +1/) B, ),- "56 MATLAB
freqz: @PS JK YLM InG @Xn >? cqW F]@ hC @h?nG @\B F]@ >? hD h\n cLc YBjF P[B
P\c @PHn JnG @Pn YOn Jd chB bBi@ hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ cqW nx
sin, cos, sinc: @PS JK cLc hEF @RLn hc @hj hBCn cLc cnG @hIc <N^nG GBLc
boxcar, bartlett, hanning, hamming, blackman, kaiser: @PS
JK cLc hEF c;W > JkB chBKD UEB chR @PNkc
firpm: @hVc hBCn cnG JBCc @QF PW Ur_ YLM InG sDnG cqW b] <c @?B ND @hvR nGhW
Chvb_>hvJ btnG @hDT@ @RLn cqW 0WPc> JE McC<v<<Wn.
NGREB PW" b] cnG cl 8i1n"l 9!ocessin1 :oolbo& cqW MATLAB Yr cDnG cgM Pg@
nhBKD hEF hD Ach Yj @hBi@ ci b] <c nhN ÂF1" ÂF*" ÂFS\... ThHF JER nW b] cnG cl nE_
c|nG cDnG cgM F]@ GxB MhXn FKF @hBi@ ci >n JkB @Hn pD(TPPS GBZM cLc c} >N GBSF @h[B
GBWn Pg@ nhBKD @PRnG @hBi@ ci cLc hC >? cqW b] <c. TD_ nhBHn b] cnG cl 8i1n"l
9!ocessin1 :oolbo& cx @hj chnG YN^c cDnG cgM cF @hvR MhBHn bSn MhXn FKF
MATLAB UEnh chR >Bnh JBHn @hVc hEnh. .pnG @h[B" Yj GBZM >Bnh JBHn hBjD P @hHF JK
bSn chg@ @RLn hc @PRnG nDL @PQnh @hBi@ ci b] <c" MhXn @hVc hEnh nE_ _HD cXD @Bin hEnh
@nG bNkc @hBi@ ci cLc b] <c Pg@ cl @hj. Ch cx F]@ hEF @hBi@ ci b] <c cx >n @PRnG b]
cnG cl nHn YN^c UfnG <E ÂFHO beB sh_ UVnG <\B F]@ chNOnG @PQnh MhXn FKF @hvR @hDT@
@RLn cqW 0WPc> JE McC<v<<Wn UfnG @hDT@ @RLn @PWR YB RvFv <E chL MhIc @\M.
8
C.
8.(.
CD" E&'" $)F" ),/)
T\R cLc hEF @hj hBCn Y] <kn cqW YLM InG @Xn >? cLc b] <c 6IR <R\B ( JE 6IR <R\B
8 @ Ur_ YLM InG sDnG cqW chZnG @hvR chNOnG @PQnh FD btnG cLch G cLc UnG <Cnh chR
e 8 bSnG UNkB Yh_ JER c;W >? >R\n @hSR 5{UB@RP7 JE GhB <\B @hvR cLc @Hn @CM <Xn <N^@ <E
HFwTiHk1.O JE HFwTiHk*.O:
function [Hr,w,a,L] = Hr_Type1(h)
% Tinh ham do lon cua dap ung tan so Hr(w)
% bo loc FIR loai 1
% ---------------------------------------------------
% [Hr,w,a,L] = Hr_Type1(h)
% Hr = Do lon
% w = Vector tan so trong khoang [0 pi]
% a = Cac he so cua bo loc FIR loai 1
% L = Bac cua bo loc
% h = Dap ung xung cua bo loc FIR loai 1
%
M = length(h);
L = (M-1)/2;
a = [h(L+1) 2*h(L:-1:1)];
n = [0:1:L];
w = [0:1:500]'*pi/500;
Hr = cos(w*n)*a';
Um ) ln c! 2" dng tn *+ 3) l[c RS^ l;Yi 17
Um ) ln c! 2" dng tn *+ 3) l[c RS^ l;Yi 27
8.8. VBi@ chNOnG @PQnh @Anh hEF Y] <kn cqW YLM InG @Xn >? b] <c 6IR <R\B JE b] <c
6IR <R\B JkB cLc @hWF >? YXD JER JE YXD PW YN^c nhTM @hvR cLc chD <Cnh:
[Hr,w,c,L] = Hr_Type3(h) ` chR b] <c 6IR <R\B
[Hr,w,d,L] = Hr_Type4(h) ` chR b] <c 6IR <R\B
8.. ChR b] <c 6IR JkB YLM InG sDnG nhN >WD:
function [Hr,w,b,L] = Hr_Type2(h)
% Tinh ham do lon cua dap ung tan so Hr(w)
% bo loc FIR loai 2
% ---------------------------------------------------
% [Hr,w,a,L] = Hr_Type2(h)
% Hr = Do lon
% w = Vector tan so tron khoang [0 pi]
% b = Cac he so cua bo loc FIR loai 2
% L = Bac cua bo loc
% h = Dap ung xung cua bo loc FIR loai 2
%
M = length(h);
L = M/2;
b = 2*h(L:-1:1); n
n-0.5;
= [1:1:L]; n = http://www.ebook.edu.vn
w = [0:1:500]'*pi/500;
Hr = cos(w*n)*b';
{ }
h(n) = { " ( " ( " 8 " 5 " ) " 5 " ( " 8 " ( " }
W. 2Lc Ydnh <R\B cqW b] <c.
TAnh JE bBjD UBan @PHn Yp @hd:
b. 3r_ YLM InG sDnG cqW b] <c
c. CLc hC >? cqW b] <c
U. HEF Y] <kn cqW YLM InG @Xn >?
v. 0hhn b? YBjF cVc JE YBjF chnG
@hvR chNOnG @PQnh FD btnG cLch G cLc UnG <Cnh chR e bSnG UNkB Yh_ JER c;W >? >R\n
@hSR 5{UB@RP7 JE GhB <\B @hvR @Hn @CM <E SPS_<AP=w*w3.O
h = [-4,1,-1,-2,5,6,5,-2,-1,1,-4];
M = length(h); n =0:M-1;
[Hr,w,a,L] = Hr_Type1(h);
a, L
amax = max(a)+1; amin = min(a)-1;
%
subplot(2,2,1); stem(n,h);
axis([-1,2*L+1,amin,amax]);
title('Impulse Response');
xlabel('n'); ylabel('h(n)');
%
subplot(2,2,3); stem(0:L,a);
axis([-1,2*L+1,amin,amax]);
title('a(n) coefficients');
xlabel('n'); ylabel('a(n)');
%
subplot(2,2,2); plot(w/pi,Hr); grid;
title('Type-1 Amplitude Response');
xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Hr');
%
subplot(2,2,4); zplane(h,1);
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function hd = ideal_lp(wc,M)
% Ideal LowPass filter computation
% --------------------------------
% [hd] = ideal_lp(wc,M)
% hd = ideal impluse response between 0 to M-1
% wc = cutoff frequency in radians
% M = length of the ideal filter
%
alpha = (M-1)/2;
n = [0:1:(M-1)];
m = n - alpha + eps;
hd = sin(wc*m) ./ (pi*m);
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function [db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(b,a)
% Phien ban sua doi cua ham freqz
% -------------------------------------
% db = Do lon tuong doi theo dB tren doan tu 0 den pi
% mag = Do lon tuyet doi tren doan tu 0 den pi
% pha = Dap ung pha tren doan tu 0 den pi
% grd = Tre nhom tren doan tu 0 den pi
% w = Cac mau tan so doan tu 0 den pi
% b = Cac he so da thuc tu so cua H(z) (voi FIR: b=h)
% a = Cac he so da thuc mau so cua H(z)(voi FIR: a=[1])
%
[H,w] = freqz(b,a,1000,'whole');
H = (H(1:1:501))';
w = (w(1:1:501))';
mag = abs(H);
db = 20*log10((mag+eps)/max(mag));
pha = angle(H);
grd = grpdelay(b,a,w);
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wp = 0.2*pi; ws =0.3*pi;
tr_width = ws - wp;
M = ceil(6.6*pi/tr_width) + 1
n = [0:1:M-1];
wc = (ws+wp)/2;
hd = ideal_lp(wc,M);
w_ham = (hamming(M))';
h = hd .* w_ham;
[db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(h,[1]);
delta_w = 2*pi/1000;
Rp = -(min(db(1:1:wp/delta_w+1)))
As = -round(max(db(ws/delta_w+1:1:501)))
%plot
subplot(2,2,1); stem(n,hd);
axis([0,M-1,-0.1,0.3]);
title('Ideal Impulse Response');
xlabel('n'); ylabel('hd(n)');
%
subplot(2,2,2); stem(n,w_ham);
axis([0,M-1,0,1.1]);
title('Hamming Window');
xlabel('n'); ylabel('w(n)');
%
axis([0,M-1,-0.1,0.3]);
title('Actual Impulse Response');
)
%
subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,db); grid;
axis([0,1,-100,10]);
title('Magnitude Response in dB');
xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Decibels');
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M = 60; alpha = (M-1)/2; l = 0:M-1; wl = (2*pi/M)*l;
Hrs = [ones(1,7),0.5925,0.1099,zeros(1,43),
0.1099,0.5925,ones(1,6)];
% Day dap ung tan so mau ly tuong
Hdr = [1,1,0,0]; wdl = [0,0.2,0.3,1];
% Dap ung tan so ly tuong de bieu dien do thi
k1 = 0:floor((M-1)/2); k2 = floor((M-1)/2)+1:M-1;
angH = [-alpha*(2*pi)/M*k1, alpha*(2*pi)/M*(M-k2)];
H = Hrs.*exp(j*angH);
h = real(ifft(H,M));
[db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(h,1);
[Hr,ww,a,L] = Hr_Type2(h);
%plot
subplot(2,2,1); plot(wl(1:31)/pi,Hrs(1:31),'o',wdl,Hdr);
axis([0,1,-0.1,1.1]);
title('Frequency Samples: M=40, T2 = 0.5925, T1 =
0.1099');
xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Hr(k)');
%
subplot(2,2,2); stem(l,h);
axis([-1,M,-0.1,0.3]);
%
subplot(2,2,3); plot(ww/pi,Hr,wl(1:31)/pi,Hrs(1:31),'o');
axis([0,1,-0.2,1.2]);
title('Amplitude Response');
xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Hr(w)');
%
subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,db);
axis([0,1,-100,10]); grid
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wp = 0.2*pi; ws =0.3*pi; Rp = 0.25; As = 50;
delta_w = 2*pi/1000;
wsi = ws/delta_w+1;
delta1 = (10^(Rp/20)-1)/(10^(Rp/20)+1);
delta2 = (1+delta1)*(10^(-As/20));
deltaH = max(delta1,delta2);
deltaL = min(delta1,delta2);
weights = [delta2/delta1 1];
deltaf = (ws-wp)/(2*pi);
M = ceil((-20*log10(sqrt(delta1*delta2))-
13)/(14.6*deltaf)+1)
f = [0 wp/pi ws/pi 1];
m = [1 1 0 0];
h = firpm(M-1,f,m,weights);
Asd = -max(db(wsi:1:501))
while Asd<As
M = M+1
[h,ERR,RES] = firpm(M-1,f,m,weights);
Asd = -max(db(wsi:1:501))
end
%plot
n = [0:1:M-1];
axis([0,M-1,-0.1,0.3]);
%
subplot(2,2,2); plot(w/pi,db); grid;
axis([0,1,-80,10]);
title('Magnitude Response in dB');
%
subplot(2,2,3); plot(w/pi,mag); grid;
axis([0,1,-0.2,1.2]);
xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Hr(w)');
%
subplot(2,2,4); plot(RES.fgrid,RES.error); grid;
axis([0,1,-0.0150,0.0150]);
title('Error Response');
xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Er(w)');
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bBin YB 6RDPBvP hEF YLM InG sDnG hW5@7 cqW hC @h?nG JE hEF HW507 c|nG chAnh <E hEF
hC @h?nG HW5>7 YLnh GBL @PHn @Plc SR.
.?B JkB cLc hC @h?nG @hVc hBCn YN^c JK F@ JT@ <=" YLM InG sDnG bWR GB[ c|nG <E
F]@ hEF @hVc. 3R Yx" hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ <Dn Y?B sInG nDW @Plc @hVc. M@ chLc" F]@ hC
@h?nG @NOnG @V <E nhhn nDS JE n Ydnh niD JE ch niD @g@ cS cLc YBjF cVc cqW hEF @PD_Kn
Y\@ ntF e n;W bHn @PLB cqW F@ MhnG > hRc cfnG <mF <E ntF e G?c @R\ Y]. 'hB @W s@
Yin hEF bQnh MhNOnG bBHn Y]" hW_ bQnh MhNOnG FYDn" cqW hEF hC @PD_Kn Y\@" cLc YBjF
cVc cqW hEF >? nE_ > Mhhn b? @PHn @g@ cS cLc Gxc MhXn @N cqW F@ MhnG $. LZc nE_" JBCc
s@ YLM InG @Xn >? cqW hC @h?nG c|nG @hDTn @BCn JE @g@ cS cLc YBjF cVc ntF bHn @PLB F@
MhnG $ cqW hEF HW5>78.
HD cXD JK ch @BHD c} @hDT@ cqW b] <c @hnG @hgM @NOnG @V @hN[nG YN^c chR UNkB
U\nG cLc @hWF >? @D_C@ Y?B nhN >WD:
(
( +
8
8
0 0 "
U ! ( E0) ( "
8 (
- 8
"
0 0 "
JkB 0M JE 0> <Xn <N^@ <E cLc @Xn >? cm@ USB @hnG JE @Xn >? cm@ USB chmn @Anh @hvR
YOn Jd PWU>" <E @hWF >? G^n >xnG JE A <E @hWF >? >D_ GBSF.
M?B nDWn hC GBW JE A JkB RM JE A> hW_ ( JE 8 nhN >WD:
^ " = ( <RG
(
( + 8
^ "
= ( ( (
- *
-
( (
( + (
=
(
( +
8

=
8 (
( (
8
( + (
=
(
-
- =
( + (
8
Tg@ cS cLc Ydnh U\nG b] <c YKD UVW @PHn nGD_Hn @mc <VW chn hEF YLM InG @Xn >?
cqW b] <c @hVc @i sgM s JkB YLM InG @Xn >? cqW b] <c <= @NenG JE YBjF cVc cqW hEF YLM
InG @Xn >? cqW b] <c @hVc @i YN^c Mhhn b? >WR chR hC @h?nG <E nhhn nDS JE n Ydnh. CLc
hEF >? bQnh MhNOnG bBHn Y] @hN[nG YN^c <VW chn cx U\nG G^n >xnG JW MhSB @PRnG
chRSnG @ Yin @Xn >? cm@ JE GBSF F\nh chB JN^@ PW nGREB @Xn >? cm@ YpnG @h[B cx sD
hNknG GBSF JK Yin . .BKD nE_ @NOnG YNOnG JkB hEF G^n >xnG bd chn @PRnG chRSnG @ `
( Yin ( 5 JkB ( <E @Xn >? Yr YN^c chDn hRL beB @Xn >? cm@ 0c7 JE @~nG nhWnh chB JN^@ PW
nGREB (. Cx Ydnh U\nG cO bSn @hN[nG YN^c JTn UlnG @PRnG nDL @PQnh @hBi@ ci b] <c
@NOnG @V <E: b] <c BD@@vPRP@h" b] <c Chvb_>hvJ`(" b] <c Chvb_>hvJ`8 JE b] <c
{<<BM@Bc.
W. B] <c @hnG @hgM BD@@vPRP@h:
HEF bQnh MhNOnG bBHn Y] cqW YLM InG @Xn >? b] <c BD@@vPRP@h bTc N YN^c chR
beB MhNOnG @PQnh:
8
(
0
0 c
8 F
JkB 0c <E @Xn >? cm@
CLc YBjF cVc cqW hEF bQnh MhNOnG bBHn Y] cqW hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ HW5>78 <E :
* "k = 0 c D
E
8 F
(8k +(+ F )
3n Yin cLc YBjF cVc cqW hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ HW5>7 <E N YBjF ntF @PHn n;W YN[nG
@Pn @hF bLn cAnh 0c e n;W bHn @PLB F@ MhnG $ JE N YBjF nE_ Y?B sInG nDW @Plc
@hVc.
U ! ( E0)
(
-* = ( <RG 8 - = ( (
U ! ( E0) =
( +
5
GBL @Pd @hAch h^M cqW bTc b] <c @hnG @hgM BD@@vPRP@h YN^c @Anh @hvR cnG @hIc
>WD:
^" -*
F =

5GBL @Pd nGD_Hn nh nhg@ <kn hOn hRc btnG bBjD @hIc @PRnG UgD 7
b. B] <c @hnG @hgM Chvb_>hvJ`(:
HEF bQnh MhNOnG bBHn Y] cqW YLM InG @Xn >? b] <c Chvb_>hvJ`( bTc N YN^c
chR beB MhNOnG @PQnh:
8
(
8
0
0 c
JkB 0c <E @Xn >? cm@" <E @hWF >? G^n >xnG USB @hnG" TN5s7 <E YW @hIc Chvb_>hvJ
bTc N YN^c chR bkB cnG @hIc:
#F ( C) = (
( C (
C > (
CLc YBjF cVc cqW hEF bQnh MhNOnG bBHn Y] cqW hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ HW5>78 cx U\nG:
* "k = k + E0 k
8
( 8 k + ( )
8 F
8
+
( 8 k + ( )
8 F
JkB ! =
( F
8
( F
8
(
HW_ 8N YBjF cVc cqW hEF bQnh MhNOnG bBHn Y] hEF @h?nG Mhhn b? YKD @PHn F]@
YN[nG v<<BM cx cLc bLn cAnh <E 5W0c7 JE 5b0c7. 3n Yin cLc YBjF cVc cqW hEF @PD_Kn Y\@
HW5>7 <E N YBjF ntF @PHn n;W YN[nG v<BM e n;W bHn @PLB F@ MhnG $ JE N YBjF nE_ Y?B
sInG nDW @Plc @hVc.
GBL @Pd @hAch h^M cqW bTc b] <c @hnG @hgM Chvb_>hvJ`( YN^c @Anh @hvR cnG @hIc

<RG ( ( (( (
(

8 <RG(0 * 0 " )
U ! ( E0) =
( +
c R >[F c R > ( ( C) ]
[ ]
cR>h F cR>h ( C)
0 k = ( 30 c ) > B n
F ( " 3 = + F ( " JE =
+ ( + 8
>WD:

8
F = 8

JkB g =
(-
8
()
8
JE 0 r =
0 *
0 "
c. B] <c @hnG @hgM Chvb_>hvJ`8:
HEF bQnh MhNOnG bBHn Y] cqW YLM InG @Xn >? b] <c Chvb_>hvJ`8 bTc N YN^c
chR beB MhNOnG @PQnh:
8

8
0
(

0 c
(
JkB 0c <E @Xn >? cm@" <E @hWF >? G^n >xnG USB @hnG" TN5s7 <E YW @hIc Chvb_>hvJ
bTc N.
GBL @Pd @hAch h^M cqW bTc b] <c @hnG @hgM Chvb_>hvJ`8 YNOc @Anh GB?nG @hvR
cnG @hIc Yr chR JkB b] <c Chvb_>hvJ`(.
U. B] <c @hnG @hgM {<<BM@Bc:
HEF bQnh MhNOnG bBHn Y] cqW YLM InG @Xn >? b] <c {<<BM@Bc bTc N YN^c chR beB
MhNOnG @PQnh:
8
(
8 0
0 c
JkB 0c <E @Xn >? cm@" <E @hWF >? G^n >xnG USB @hnG" UN5s7 <E YW @hIc v<<BM@Bc
WcRbBWn bTc N.
GBL @Pd @hAch h^M cqW bTc b] <c @hnG @hgM {<<BM@Bc @hvR cLc @EB <BCD YN^c @Anh @hvR
cnG @hIc >WD:
8
)

> (k( )
8

JkB k =
0 "
0 *
JE k( =
(-
8
()
'5s7 <E hEF >? chR beB bBjD @hIc @Ach Mhhn> (C) =
8
( )
<RG g + g (
<RG 0 r + 0 r
(
U ! ( E0) =
( +
U ! ( E0) =
( + 8r
F
> (k )
(
F =
> ( k
> (
k(

(

C 8
>Bn
8
5)
MATLAB cDnG cgM hEF kSSAHWk Yj @Anh GXn YZnG bBjD @hIc cqW '5s7 chR beB
MhNOnG @PQnh @PHn.
2. 1hu'in Wi 3) l[c7
TPHn nGD_Hn @mc" JBCc chD_jn YB b] <c @TM @PDnG JER nGhBHn cID cLc MhM bBin
hQnh" hW_ Lnh s\" Yj chD_jn YB F@ MhnG > JK F@ MhnG . TPHn <= @hD_i@ cx F]@ >?
MhNOnG MhLM chD_jn YB >WD Yh_.
W. 0hNOnG MhLM bg@ bBin sDnG 5IFMD<>v InJWPBWncv TPWn>yRPFW@BRn7:
BSn chg@ MhNOnG MhLM bg@ bBin sDnG <E MhM bBin hQnh >WR chR Ur_ YLM InG sDnG
cqW b] <c >? chAnh <E hEF YLM InG sDnG cqW b] <c @NOnG @V YN^c <g_ FD e cLc YBjF
P[B P\c. 0hM bBin hQnh chR @W cnG @hIc YB bBin:
T = D *#
JkB: <E bBin >? Y]c <TM cqW hEF H57 @PHn FBKn !
> <E bBin >? Y]c <TM cqW hEF HW5>7 @PHn FBKn $
T <E chD c <g_ FD cqW hEF YLM InG sDnG hC @h?nG @NOnG @V
M?B nDWn hC GBW hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ H57 e FBKn ! JE hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ HW5>7 e FBKn >
YN^c chR beB cnG @hIc >WD:
U (T ) =
(
#
k =
!
#
k
CLc n;W >c nGWnG UEB J h\n cx bK P]nG
8
#
JE ntF e n;W bHn @PLB F@
MhnG $ YN^c Lnh s\ JER bHn @PRnG YN[nG @Pn YOn Jd @PHn F@ MhnG ! @hvR
nGD_Hn @mc nhBKD ` F]@.
BeB MhM bBin hQnh Lnh s\ @REn b] n;W F@ MhnG bHn @PLB cqW F@ MhnG $
JER bHn @PRnG YN[nG @Pn YOn Jd cqW F@ MhnG ! nHn nx bSR @REn @Anh n
Ydnh cqW hC @h?nG 5UVW @PHn Mhhn b? cqW cLc YBjF cVc7.
NiD nhN b] <c @NOnG @V <E @hnG @hgM <= @NenG JE chD c <g_ FD Yq nh Yj:
U ! ( E0) = U! ( E # ) = " 0
#
@hQ
U (D E ) =
(
#
U !
#
@hQ chnG cx hBCn @NOnG chpnG Mh 5W<BW>BnG7. TD_ nhBHn b] <c @hnG @hgM @hVc @i
chnG @hj cx Mh hD h\n nHn hBCn @N^nG chpnG Mh Gh_ PW beB MhM bBin hQnh
Jn sS_ PW.
b. 0hNOnG MhLM bBin YB >RnG >RnG @D_in 5BB<BnvWP TPWn>yRPFW@BRn7
BSn chg@ cqW MhM bBin YB >RnG @D_in <E MhM bBin hQnh UVW @PHn nGD_Hn @mc YNW
MhNOnG @PQnh JB Mhhn @D_in @Anh hC >? htnG Yc @PNnG chR F]@ hC @h?nG @NOnG @V JK GXn
YZnG F]@ MhNOnG @PQnh >WB Mhhn @D_in @Anh hC >? htnG" FE MhNOnG @PQnh >WD cx @hj Yc
@PNnG chR F]@ hC @h?nG >?. 0hM bBin hQnh chR @W cnG @hIc YB bBin:
U
*
8
"

E
5
* =
8 ( T (
(
T =
( + *# 8
( *# 8
0hM bBin hQnh nE_ Lnh s\ @REn b] n;W bHn @PLB F@ MhnG $ JER bHn @PRnG
YN[nG @Pn YOn Jd @PHn F@ MhnG ! @PHn nGD_Hn @mc F]@ ` F]@ nHn nx bSR
@REn @Anh n Ydnh cqW hC @h?nG.
M@ chLc nGD_Hn @mc Lnh s\ F]@ ` F]@ @ F@ MhnG $ Yin F@ MhnG ! chR
MhM hREn @REn chnG sS_ PW hBCn @N^nG chpnG Mh.
c. 0hNOnG MhLM @NOnG YNOnG JB Mhhn 5AMMPRsBFW@BRn Ry 3vPBJW@BJv>
TPWn>yRPFW@BRn7
0hNOnG MhLM nE_ UVW @PHn JBCc @hBi@ <TM F]@ >V @NOnG InG GBW Ydnh nGhW cqW JB
Mhhn JE Ydnh nGhW cqW >WB Mhhn. 0hM bBin hQnh chR @W cnG @hIc YB bBin:
* =
( T (
#
T =
(
( *#
0hM bBin hQnh Lnh s\ @REn b] n;W bHn @PLB F@ MhnG $ JER bHn @PRnG YN[nG
@Pn @hF 5"7 bLn cAnh R .
0hM bBin hQnh Lnh s\ @REn b] n;W bHn @PLB F@ MhnG $ JER bHn @PRnG YN[nG
@Pn YOn Jd @PHn F@ MhnG ! nHn nx bSR @REn @Anh n Ydnh cqW hC @h?nG.
TD_ nhBHn @TM h^M cLc YBjF cVc cqW hC @h?nG bd cR <\B @PRnG F]@ Mh\F JB nh
nHn cx @hj Un @kB hBCn @N^nG c]nG hNenG e Mh\F JB @Xn >? nER Yx.
U. 0hNOnG MhLM bBin YB ! @hAch InG 5MW@chvU`! TPWn>yRPFW@BRn7
0hNOnG MhLM nE_ UVW @PHn nGD_Hn @mc Lnh s\ @PVc @BiM cLc YBjF cVc JE YBjF
chnG cqW hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ hC @h?nG @NOnG @V @hEnh cLc YBjF cVc JE YBjF chnG cqW hEF
@PD_Kn Y\@ hC @h?nG >?. GBS >; hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ cqW hC @h?nG @NOnG @V cx U\nG:
U ! (*) = 1
M
r = (
M
k = (
r
"k
@hQ MhM bBin hQnh bBin YB cLc MhXn @; ( * !) @ P e @ h E n h ( D! # T ( @ h D Y N ^ c h E F @ P D _ K n
Y\@ cqW hC @h?nG >?
U (T) = 1
M
r = (
M
k = (
* r #
* " k #
T (
T (
)
)
VkB MhNOnG MhLM nE_ MhSB chn chD c <g_ FD T Yq nh Yj cLc YBjF cVc JE
YBjF chnG Mhhn b? F]@ cLch @hAch h^M @PHn F@ MhnG !" @PLnh hBCn @N^nG chpnG Mh"
@ Yx YSF bSR YN^c YLM InG @Xn >? cqW b] <c >? GXn GB?nG JkB YLM InG @Xn >? cqW b] <c
# ( + T
1 ( * * )
1 (* * )
1 (( D
1 (( D
@NOnG @V.
3. 1hu'in Wi 3sng tn *+
VBCc chD_jn YB b~nG @Xn >?" sDg@ MhL@ @ b] <c @hnG @hgM cx @Xn >? cm@ c"
YN^c YNW PW @hvR cLc cnG @hIc Lnh s\ e bSnG UNkB Yh_:
LPVA
M>_iJ=
CcA
CE=@ <>M M>_iJ= CcA CIM <>Ò \l
ThnG
@hgM
T (
T (
( T (
c : TXn >? cm@ cqW b] <c FkB
8
ThnG
cWR
T
(
T ( +
( + T (
c : TXn >? cm@ cqW b] <c FkB
8
ThnG
USB
T (
T 8 8
T
k + (
k

+
(
k

+
(
k
k
+
k k ( c( : TXn >? cm@ @hgM cqW b] <c FkB
c 8 : TXn >? cm@ cWR cqW b] <c FkB
cR> c 8
8
cR> c 8
8

8
8
Chmn USB
T (
T 8 8
T
k + (
k

+
(
k

+ (
k
k + (
k k (
>Bn

>Bn
c

cR>
c

cR>
c

+

k ( 8
T ( +
8 T ( + (
+

k = @Wn c cR@ c 8

c(
k ( 8
T ( +
8 T ( + (
+

k = @Wn c @Wn c 8

c(
c( : TXn >? cm@ @hgM cqW

b] <c FkB
c 8 :
TXn >?
cm@ cWR
cqW b]
<
c FkB
cR> c
8
8
cR> c 8
8

8
8
>. M?$ @A +1/) B, ),- "56 MATLAB
freqs: @PS JK YLM InG @Xn >? cqW F]@ hC @h?nG @NOnG @V chB bBi@ hEF @PD_Kn Y\@
YN^c chR UNkB U\nG Mhhn @hIc hD @ cqW nx
impluse: @PS JK YLM InG sDnG cqW F]@ hC @h?nG @NOnG @V chB bBi@ hEF @PD_Kn
Y\@ YN^c chR UNkB U\nG Mhhn @hIc hD @ cqW nx
buttap, cheb1ap, cheb2ap, ellipap: @PS JK cLc YBjF chnG" YBjF
cVc" JE Y] <^B @PRnG @hBi@ ci cqW F]@ hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ b] <c @hnG @hgM bTc N" @Xn
>? cm@ Yr YN^c chDn hRL btnG ( JkB cLc Ydnh U\nG <Xn <N^@ <E BD@@vPRP@h"
Chvb_>hvJÌ" Chvb_>hvJÌI" JE {<<BM@Bc
impinvar, bilinear: @PS JK cLc hC >? cqW YW @hIc @; >? JE YW @hIc FD >?
hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ cqW hC @h?nG >? sDg@ MhL@ @ hC @hnG @NOnG @V nDW cLc MhNOnG
MhLM chD_jn YB <Xn <N^@ <E MhNOnG MhLM bg@ bBin sDnG JE MhNOnG MhLM bBin YB
>RnG @D_in
butter, cheby1, cheby2, ellip: @PVc @BiM @PS JK cLc hC >? cqW YW @hIc
@; >? JE YW @hIc FD >? hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ cqW b] <c >? UVW @PHn @hWF >? YXD JER <E
cLc @Xn >? cm@" MhNOnG MhLM chD_jn YB YN^c >; UlnG @PRnG cLc hEF nE_ <E
MhNOnG MhLM bBin YB >RnG @D_in
NGR\B @P hWB hEF YXD @BHn" cLc hEF cn <\B YKD ntF @PRnG b] cnG cl 8i1n"l
9!ocessin1 :oolbo&. ChZnG <E cLc hEF YN^c @\R >WD nE_ UVW @PHn cLc hEF nGD_Hn @hj
bWn YXD cqW MATLAB nhtF Mhlc Jl @Anh @RLn JE F MhnG @PRnG X l s tn hiu.
NGREB PW" cn F]@ <R\@ cLc hEF chLc F\nh hOn @PRnG b] cnG cl nE_ cx @hj ho @P^ @hBi@
ci UVW @PHn cLc ch @BHD c} @hDT@ YXD JER JE YNW PW ci@ nDS JkB bTc cqW b] <c N YN^c <VW
chn @?B ND. TPRnG Mh\F JB cLc bEB @hA nGhBCF nhtF Flc YAch hBjD P cO chi @hBi@ ci b]
<c" chnG cXn @hBi@ MhSB >; UlnG cLc hEF Yx FE cx @hj @nG bNkc @V @hBi@ ci JE @hVc
hBCn chZnG.
C. CD" E&'" $)F" ),/)
8.(. HEF ^Fkv\ cqW MATLAB @PS JK YLM InG @Xn >? cqW F]@ hC @h?nG @NOnG @V chB
bBi@ @PNkc hC >? cqW YW @hIc @; >? JE YW @hIc FD >? cqW hEF @PD_Kn Y\@ HW5>7. TPRnG
nhBKD @PN[nG h^M" Yj @hDTn @BCn @W cXn @QF @hHF cLc @hnG >?: hEF Y] <kn cqW YLM InG @Xn
>?" hEF MhW cqW YLM InG @Xn >?" hEF @Pa nhxF" @hj hBCn Y] <kn @hvR @hWnG UvcBbv<>. T\R
hEF @Anh YLM InG @Xn >? cx @Hn >WD ^Fkv\wO nhtF @Anh cLc @hnG >? @PHn @hvR chNOnG
@PQnh FD btnG cLch G cLc UnG <Cnh chR e bSnG UNkB Yh_ JER c;W >? >R\n @hSR 5{UB@RP7
JE GhB <\B @hvR @Hn @CM <E ^Fkv\wO.O:
function [db,mag,pha,w] = freqs_m(b,a,wmax);
% Modified version of freqs subrountine
% -------------------------------------
% [db,mag,pha,w] = freqs_m(b,a,wmax)
% db = Do lon tuong doi theo dB tren doan tu 0 den wmax
% mag = Do lon tuyet doi tren doan tu 0 den wmax
% pha = Dap ung pha tren doan tu 0 den wmax
% w = Cac mau tan so tren doan tu 0 den wmax
% b = Cac he so da thuc tu so cua Ha(s)
% a = Cac he so da thuc mau so cua Ha(s)
% wmax = Tan so cuc dai theo don vi rad/sec tren doan
% tan so mong muon tim dap ung tan so
%
w = [0:1:500]*wmax/500;
H = freqs(b,a,w);
mag = abs(H);
db = 20*log10((mag+eps)/max(mag));
pha = angle(H);
8.(. HEF M>kY1`H @PS JK UWnh >Lch cLc YBjF chnG" YBjF cVc JE Y] <^B cqW hEF
@PD_Kn Y\@ chR @hBi@ ci b] <c U\nG Chvb_>hvJ I" @Xn >? cm@ Yr YN^c chDn hRL. T\R hEF
cx @Hn >WD _wM>Y1`H nhtF @PS JK hC >? cqW cLc YW @hIc @; >? JE YW @hIc FD >? cqW hEF
@PD_Kn Y\@ chR @hBi@ ci b] <c U\nG Chvb_>hvJ I cx @Xn >? cm@ @D = @hvR chNOnG @PQnh
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function [b,a] = u_chb1ap(N,Rp,Omegac)
% Bo loc thong thap dang Chebyshev-1
% tan so cat khong duoc chuan hoa
% ------------------------------------------------
% [b,a] = u_chb1ap(N,Rp,Omegac)
% b = cac he so da thuc tu so cua Ha(s)
% a = cac he so da thuc mau so cua Ha(s)
% N = Bac cua bo loc Chebyshev-I
% Rp = Do gon dai thong theo don vi dB; Rp > 0
% Omegac = tan so cat theo don vi radians/sec
%
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[z,p,k] = cheb1ap(N,Rp);
a = real(poly(p));
aNn = a(N+1);
p = p*Omegac;
a = real(poly(p));
aNu = a(N+1);
k = k*aNu/aNn;
B = real(poly(z));
b0 = k;
b = k*B;
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function [b,a] = afd_chb1(Wp,Ws,Rp,As)
% Analog Lowpass Filter Design: Chebyshev-1
% -----------------------------------------
% [b,a] = afd_chb1(Wp,Ws,Rp,As)
% b = cac he so da thuc tu so cua Ha(s)
% a = cac he so da thuc mau so cua Ha(s)
% Wp = tan so cat dai thong theo don vi rad/sec; Wp >0
% Ws = tan so cat dai chan theo don vi rad/sec; Ws>Wp >0
% Rp = Do gon dai thong theo don vi dB; (Rp > 0)
% As = Do suy giam dai chan theo don vi +dB; (Ap > 0)
%
if Wp <= 0
error('Tan so cat dai thong phai lon hon 0')
end
if Ws <= Wp
error('Tan so cat dai thong phai lon hon tan so cat
dai chan')
end
if (Rp <= 0) | (As<0)
error('Do gon dai thong va/hoac Do suy giam dai chan
phai lon hon 0')
end
%
http://www.ebook.edu.vn )8
ep = sqrt(10^(Rp/10)-1);
A = 10^(As/20);
OmegaC = Wp;
OmegaR = Ws/Wp;
g = sqrt(A*A-1)/ep;
N = ceil(log10(g+sqrt(g*g-
1))/log10(OmegaR+sqrt(OmegaR*OmegaR-1)));
fprintf('\n*** Bac cua bo loc Chebyshev-1 = %2.0f\n',N);
[b,a] = u_chb1ap(N,Rp,OmegaC);
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% Chi tieu ky thuat cua bo loc so:
wp =0.2*pi; % digital Passband freq in
Hz
ws =0.3*pi; % digital Stopband freq in
Hz
Rp = 1; % Passband ripple in dB
As = 15; % Stopband attenuation in
dB
% Chi tieu ky thuat cua bo loc tuong tu: Anh xa nguoc
T = 1; Fs =1/T; % Dat T=1
OmegaP = (2/T)*tan(wp/2);
OmegaS = (2/T)*tan(ws/2);
% Tinh toan bo loc tuong tu:
[cs, ds] = afd_chb1(OmegaP,OmegaS,Rp,As);
% Bien doi song tuyen:
[b,a] = bilinear(cs,ds,Fs);
%
[db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(b,a);
%plot
figure(37); clf;
%
subplot(2,2,1); plot(w/pi,mag);
axis([0,1,0,1.2]); grid
title('Amplitude Response');
xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('|Hr(w)|');
%
subplot(2,2,3); plot(w/pi,db);
axis([0,1,-30,10]); grid
%
subplot(2,2,2); plot(w/pi,pha/pi);
axis([0,1,-1,1]); grid
title('Phase Response');
xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Angle(Hr(w))');
%
subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,grd);
axis([0,1,0,15]); grid
title('Group Delay');
xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Samples');
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% function [bz,az] = zmapping(bZ,aZ,Nz,Dz)
% Chuyen doi bang tan so tu mien Z sang mien z
% -------------------------------------------------------
% [bz,az] = zmapping(bZ,aZ,Nz,Dz)
% perform:
% b(z) b(Z)|
% ---- = ----| N(z)
% a(z) a(Z)|Z = ----
% D(z)
%
bzord = (length(bZ)-1)*(length(Nz)-1);
azord = (length(aZ)-1)*(length(Dz)-1);
bz = zeros(1,bzord+1);
for k = 0:bzord
pln = [1];
for l = 0:k-1
pln = conv(pln,Nz);
end
pld = [1];
for l = 0:bzord-k-1
pld = conv(pld,Dz);
end
bz = bz+bZ(k+1)*conv(pln,pld);
end
%
az = zeros(1,azord+1);
for k = 0:azord
pln = [1];
for l = 0:k-1
pln = conv(pln,Nz);
end
pld = [1];
for l = 0:azord-k-1
pld = conv(pld,Dz);
end
az = az+aZ(k+1)*conv(pln,pld);
end
%
az1 = az(1); az = az/az1; bz=bz/az1;
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Thi Nghiem XLTHS

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