Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
Lazio
Latium
Lazio
Region of Italy
Flag Coat of arms
Country Italy
Capital Rome
Government
President Nicola Zingaretti (Democratic Party)
Area
Total
17,236km
2
(6,655sqmi)
Population (2012-10-30)
Total 5,550,459
Density
320/km
2
(830/sqmi)
Demonym Lazian(s) / Laziali / Laziale
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
GDP/ Nominal 174.1 billion (2008)
GDP per capita
30,800
[1]
(2008)
NUTS Region ITE
Website
www.regione.lazio.it
[2]
Lazio (pronounced[lattsjo], Latin: Latium) is one of the 20 administrative regions of Italy, situated in the central
peninsular section of the country. With about 5.7 million residents and a GDP of more than 170 billion euros, Lazio
is the third most populated region of Italy, and has the second largest economy of the nation. Its capital is Rome,
capital and largest city of Italy.
Lazio
2
Geography
Relief map of Lazio.
Panorama of the Aniene Valley.
Lazio comprises a land area of 17,236km
2
(6,655sqmi) and it has
borders with Tuscany, Umbria, and Marche to the north, Abruzzo and
Molise to the east, Campania to the south, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to
the west. The region is mainly flat and hilly, with small mountainous
areas in the most eastern and southern districts.
The coast of Lazio is mainly composed of sandy beaches, punctuated
by the headlands of Circeo (541 m) and Gaeta (171 m). The Pontine
Islands, which are part of Lazio, lie opposite the southern coast.
Behind the coastal strip, to the north, lies the Maremma Laziale (the
continuation of Tuscan Maremma), a costal plain interrupted at
Civitavecchia by the Tolfa Mountains (616 m). The central section of
the region is occupied by the Roman Campagna, a vast alluvial plain
surrounding the city of Rome, with an area of approximately 2,100km
2
(811sqmi). The southern districts are characterized by the flatlands of
Agro Pontino, a once swampy and malarial area, that was reclaimed
over the centuries.
The Preapennines of Latium, marked by the Tiber valley and the Liri
with the Sacco tributary, include on the right of the Tiber, three groups
of mountains of volcanic origin: the Volsini, Cimini and Sabatini,
whose largest former craters are occupied by the Bolsena, Vico and
Bracciano lakes. To the south of the Tiber, other mountain groups form
part of the Preapennines: the Alban Hills, also of volcanic origin, and
the calcareous Lepini, Ausoni and Aurunci Mountains. The Apennines of Latium are a continuation of the
Apennines of Abruzzo: the Reatini Mountains with Terminillo (2,213 m), Mounts Sabini, Prenestini, Simbruini and
Ernici which continue east of the Liri into the Mainarde Mountains. The highest peak is Mount Gorzano (2,458 m)
on the border with Abruzzo.
History
See also: History of Italy
The Appian Way (Via Appia), a road connecting
Ancient Rome to the southern parts of Italy,
remains usable even today.
The Italian word Lazio descends from the Latin word Latium. The
name of the region also survives in the tribal designation of the ancient
population of Latins, Latini in the Latin language spoken by them and
passed on to the city-state of Ancient Rome. Although the demography
of ancient Rome was multi-ethnic, including, for example, Etruscans
and other Italics besides the Latini, the latter were the dominant
constituent. In Roman mythology, the tribe of the Latini took their
name from king Latinus. Apart from the mythical derivation of Lazio
given by the ancients as the place where Jupiter "lay hidden" from his
father seeking to kill him, a major modern etymology is that Lazio
comes from the Latin word "latus", meaning "wide", expressing the
idea of "flat land" meaning the Roman Campagna. Much of Lazio is in
fact flat or rolling. The lands originally inhabited by the Latini were extended into the territories of the Samnites, the
Lazio
3
Marsi, the Hernici, the Aequi, the Aurunci and the Volsci, all surrounding Italic tribes. This larger territory was still
called Latium, but it was divided into Latium adiectum or Latium Novum, the added lands or New Latium, and
Latium Vetus, or Old Latium, the older, smaller region.
The northern border of Lazio was the Tiber river, which divided it from Etruria.
The emperor Augustus officially united almost all of present-day Italy into a single geo-political entity, Italia,
dividing it into eleven regions. Lazio together with the present region of Campania immediately to the southeast of
Lazio and the seat of Neapolis became Region I.
After the Gothic War (535-554) and the Byzantine conquest, this region regained its freedom, because the "Roman
Duchy" became the property of the Eastern Emperor. However, the long wars against the barbarian Longobards
weakened the region, which was seized by the Roman Bishop who already had several properties in those territories.
The strengthening of the religious and ecclesiastical aristocracy led to continuous power struggles between lords and
the Roman bishop until the middle of the 16th century. Innocent III tried to strengthen his own territorial power,
wishing to assert his authority in the provincial administrations of Tuscia, Campagna and Marittima through the
Church's representatives, in order to reduce the power of the Colonna family. Other popes tried to do the same.
During the period when the papacy resided in Avignon, France (13091377), the feudal lords' power increased due
to the absence of the Pope from Rome. Small communes, and Rome above all, opposed the lords' increasing power,
and with Cola di Rienzo, they tried to present themselves as antagonists of the ecclesiastical power. However,
between 1353 and 1367, the papacy regained control of Lazio and the rest of the Papal States.
From the middle of the 16th century, the papacy politically unified Lazio with the Papal States
[citation needed]
, so that
these territories became provincial administrations of St. Peter's estate; governors in Viterbo, in Marittima and
Campagna, and in Frosinone administered them for the papacy.
Lazio comprised the short-lived Roman Republic, in which it became a puppet state of the First French Republic
under the forces of Napoleon Bonaparte. The Republic existed from 15 February 1798 until Lazio was returned to
the Papal States in October 1799. In 1809, Lazio was annexed to the French Empire, but returned under the Pope in
1815.
On 20 September 1870 the capture of Rome, during the reign of Pope Pius IX, and France's defeat at Sedan,
completed Italian unification, and Lazio was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy.
In 1927 the territory of the Province of Rieti, belonging to Umbria and Abruzzo, joined Lazio.
Economy
Agriculture, crafts, animal husbandry and fishery are the main traditional sources of income. Agriculture is
characterized by the cultivation of wine grapes, fruit, vegetables and olives.
Industrial development in Lazio is limited to the areas south of Rome. Communications and - above all - the setting
of the border of the Cassa del Mezzogiorno some kilometers south of Rome, have influenced the position of
industry, favouring the areas with the best links to Rome and those near the Autostrada del Sole (motorway),
especially around Frosinone. Firms are often small to medium in size and operate in the building and building
materials (Rome, Civitavecchia), paper (Sora), petrochemical (Gaeta, Rome), textile (Frosinone), engineering (Rieti,
Anagni), automobile (Cassino), electronic and electrotechnical (Viterbo) sectors.
Approximately 73% of the working population are employed in the services sector; this is a considerable proportion,
but is justified by the presence of Rome, which is the core of public administration, banking, tourism, insurance and
other sectors. Many national and multinational corporations, public and private, have their headquarters in Rome
(ENI, Enel, Finmeccanica, Alitalia, RAI).
Lazio's limited industrial sector and highly developed service industries allowed the region to well outperform the
Italian economy in 2009.
Lazio
4
Demographics
Historical
population
Year Pop. %
1861 356,000
1871 1,173,000 +229.5%
1881 1,257,000 +7.2%
1901 1,586,000 +26.2%
1911 1,771,000 +11.7%
1921 1,997,000 +12.8%
1931 2,349,000 +17.6%
1936 2,655,000 +13.0%
1951 3,341,000 +25.8%
1961 3,959,000 +18.5%
1971 4,689,000 +18.4%
1981 5,002,000 +6.7%
1991 5,140,000 +2.8%
2001 5,112,000 0.5%
2011 5,732,000 +12.1%
Source: ISTAT 2001
With a population of about 5.7 million, Lazio is the third most populated region of Italy. The overall population
density in the region is 332 inhabitants per km
2
. However, the population density widely ranges from almost 800
inhabitants per km
2
in the highly urbanized Province of Rome to less than 60 inhabitants per km
2
in the mountainous
and rural Province of Rieti. As of January 2010, the Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that
497,940 foreign-born immigrants live in Lazio, equal to 8.8% of the total regional population.
Government and politics
Rome is center-left politically oriented by tradition, while the rest of Lazio is center-right oriented. In the 2008
general election, Lazio gave 44.2% of its vote to the centre-right coalition, while the centre-left block took 41.4% of
vote. In the 2013 general election, Lazio gave 40.7% of its vote to the center-left block coalition, 29.3% to the
center-right coalition and 20.2 to the Five Star Movement.
Administrative divisions
Lazio is divided into five provinces:
Lazio
5
Province Area (km) Population Density
(inh./km)
Province of Frosinone 3,244 496,545 153.1
Province of Latina 2,251 543,844 241.4
Province of Rieti 2,749 158,545 57.7
Province of Rome 5,352 4,097,085 765.5
Province of Viterbo 3,612 314,690 87.1
References
[1] EUROPA - Press Releases - Regional GDP per inhabitant in 2008 GDP per inhabitant ranged from 28% of the EU27 average in
Severozapaden in Bulgaria to 343% in Inner London (http:/ / europa. eu/ rapid/ pressReleasesAction. do?reference=STAT/ 11/ 28&
type=HTML)
[2] http:/ / www. regione.lazio. it/
External links
Official Touristic Site of the Regione Lazio (http:/ / www. ilmiolazio. it/ en-US/ Pages/ default. aspx) (English)
Official Site of the Regione Lazio (http:/ / www. regione. lazio. it/ ) (Italian)
"Lazio" (http:/ / www. italy-weather-and-maps. com/ maps/ italy/ lazio. gif). italy-weather-and-maps.com. 2002.
Coordinates: 4154N 1243E (http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Lazio&
params=41_54_N_12_43_E_)
Article Sources and Contributors
6
Article Sources and Contributors
Lazio Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=605076712 Contributors: 7, A8UDI, AJR, AMBerry, Adrian.benko, Agne27, Ahls23, Ahoerstemeier, Aimoneale, Akhilleus, Alec74,
Alessandro57, Alexius08, Algebraist, Amakuru, Andre Engels, Angelo.romano, Antandrus, Argo Navis, ArnhemKnights44, ArnoldPettybone, Arpingstone, Aserbajdsjan, Attilios, AvicAWB,
Beetstra, Bellolazio, Biglovinb, Bill Thayer, Bilsonius, Biruitorul, Bkonrad, Boston, Brion VIBBER, Bwrs, Cantiorix, CapPixel, CapitalR, Caponer, CardinalDan, Carlossuarez46, Ccirulli,
Chameleon, Chanheigeorge, Checco, Chosenofruss, Chris the speller, ChrisO, Ciociaria, ClickRick, ClockworkLunch, Cobi, Conte di Cavour, Conversion script, Cremepuff222, Cs-wolves,
Ctbolt, Cuchullain, Cwkmail, D6, Daarznieks, DabMachine, Dale Arnett, DarkIain, David Kernow, David Newton, DeadEyeArrow, Deb, Dengua, Deusdemona, Discospinster, Dorftrottel,
Drphilharmonic, Duja, Dying, ERcheck, Ed g2s, El., Elapsed, Emc2, Enok, Enrico 69, Epbr123, Ercole, Eric-Wester, Erinaceus, Eugene van der Pijll, Evilhairyhamster, FeanorStar7, Femto,
Flupu, Francomemoria, Frokor, Furrykef, Gadfium, GattoRandagio, Genivs, Gennarous, Gianfranco, Gilgamesh, Gilliam, Gioto, Goman1, Goochelaar, GraemeL, Ground Zero, Gryffindor,
Gudeldar, Guidaverde, Halibutt, Helix84, Heron, Hmains, Ian Spackman, Ikur21, Immunize, Indiasummer95, Ioscius, Ita140188, Italfan, Italianparks, Iwillremembermypassthistime, JHMM13,
Jauhienij, Jim.henderson, JinJian, JonC0001, Joseph Solis in Australia, Josh Grosse, Joshbrown44, Juarez2012, Juliancolton, Jusdafax, Kaare, Kahzenu, Kaypoh, Kazvorpal, Kelson, Kigali1,
Kooma, Korean alpha for knowledge, Kpjas, Kwekubo, Knsterle, Laurusnobilis, Legion fi, Lfh, Liox8, Loren.wilton, LouI, Lradrama, LtNOWIS, Luc19, Lunkwill, Magister Mathematicae,
Manop, Marek69, Markusavedal, Markussep, Matwi, Maxis ftw, Mayumashu, Meddlin' Pedant, MeirM, Meursault2004, Mic, Minimac, Miranda, Mirv, Mnadai, Morganborley, Mowsbury, Neier,
Nero the second, Nev1, Nibuod, Niceguyedc, Nickshanks, Nico86roma, Niera, Nile, Nk, NormanEinstein, Omicronpersei8, Orphan Wiki, Otolemur crassicaudatus, Panairjdde, Panarjedde,
PaweS, Pedant17, Pendotigers, Peter.C, Pharaoh of the Wizards, Piano non troppo, Piccolo Modificatore Laborioso, Piledhigheranddeeper, Pjposullivan, Plasticspork, Quangbao, Rarelibra,
Rational thinker, Raven in Orbit, RexNL, Rhatsa26X, Rhopkins8, Rl, Romanm, RomeW, Ronhjones, Roslagen, Roxasdanny, Rune.welsh, Sannse, Sdoerr, Sempreblu07, Serenthia, ShelfSkewed,
Skinsmoke, Smooth O, Snanks, Snoyes, Stefano.nicolucci, Storkk, Strike Eagle, SyntaxError55, Szopen, TangoItalia, Template namespace initialisation script, Tenofour, Teo64x, The Singing
Badger, Theelf29, Tide rolls, Tommy2010, Tontotti, Tpbradbury, Tucci528, WarthogDemon, Waycool27, Whamilton42, Widr, Woohookitty, Xeno222, YUL89YYZ, Yachtsman1, Yakudza,
Yekrats, Zyro70, 375 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
File:Lazio Flag.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lazio_Flag.svg License: unknown Contributors: -
File:Lazio Coat of Arms.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lazio_Coat_of_Arms.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
Lazio-Stemma2.png: Credenza Flag_of_Lazio.png: User:Sinigagl derivative work: Serenthia
File:Lazio in Italy.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lazio_in_Italy.svg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: DenghiComm, TUBS
File:Lazio SRTM.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lazio_SRTM.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike Contributors: PaweS
File:Valle de l'Aniene et Monts Prnestiens.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Valle_de_l'Aniene_et_Monts_Prnestiens.JPG License: Creative Commons
Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: LPLT
File:RomaViaAppiaAntica03.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:RomaViaAppiaAntica03.JPG License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors:
DenghiComm, G.dallorto, Hydro, Kleuske, Lalupa, Longbow4u, Marcus Cyron, Whym, 1 anonymous edits
File:Latium Provinces.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Latium_Provinces.png License: Public Domain Contributors: Auntof6, DenghiComm, Juiced lemon,
Mortadelo2005, Vonvikken
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/