Latex Short

Nhp mn L
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Ha noi University of Technology
Next First Last Back Index
Ni dung kha hc
Ni dung kha hc
Cc thnh phn vn bn, du, trng m, k hiu c bit.
Cc lnh thay i fonts n gin.
Cc loi ti liu, cc lnh phn chng, cc trang ba.
Canh l.
nh ngha cc cu lnh ngi s dng.
Chuyn i v dng PostScript v Portable Document Format.
Danh sch.
Bng.
Cng thc ton c bn.
Tham chiu cho
Previous Next First Last Back Index 2
Khi nim LaTeX
T
E
X l g?
T
E
X l ngn ng biu din vn bn c vit bi Donald Knuth.
Dng khi thy ca T
E
X gi l : plain T
E
X.
Plain T
E
X rt d vi cc vn bn n gin (khng c cng thc,
chng mc).
Nu khng di hi nhiu k thut, tiu xo.
Khi nim LaTeX
L
A
T
E
X l g?
Leslie Lamport vit mt ngn ng biu din vn bn t T
E
X gi l
L
A
T
E
X.
Cc vn bn n gin c to ra bng L
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X kh khn hn T
E
X.
Cc trng hp khc, L
A
T
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Xd dng hn.
V L
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X l mt dn xut ca T
E
X, nn c th nhn c thng
bo li ca T
E
X v L
A
T
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X .
Trong ni dung mn hc, s dng phin bn L
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X3(2010)
Bn c L
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X 2.09 qu li thi.
C
Khi nim LaTeX
Ngn ng lp trnh
1. Vit/son tho m chng trnh trong mt file text (v.d.
HelloWorld.c)
2. Dich m ngun. (v.d. gcc HelloWorld.c)
Nu c li tr v bc 1.
Nu thnh cng, to ra mt file chy(v.d. HelloWorld.exe)
3. Thc hin file chy (v.d. HelloWorld).
Java
1. Vit/son tho m ngun trong text file (e.g. HelloWorld.java)
2. Dch m ngun. (v.d. javac HelloWorld.java)
Nu c li, tr v bc 1.
Nu thnh cng, to ra Java bytecode file (v.d. HelloWorld)
3. Np Java bytecode vo my o Java
(v.d. java HelloWorld).
Khi nim LaTeX
L
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X
1. Son tho/vit m ngun trong text file (v.d. HelloWorld.tex)
2. L
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X m ngun. (v.d. latex HelloWorld.tex)
Nu c li tr v bc 1.
Nu thnh cng to ra mt file khng ph thuc vo cc h
thng nn(DVI) (v.d. HelloWorld.dvi)
3. Np DVI file vo mt trnh hin th DVI viewer (v.d. yap
HelloWorld.dvi).
L
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X KHNG l mt chng trnh x l vn bn!
Khi nim LaTeX
u im v nhc im ca L
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X
Ch c th hin th ti liu khi L
A
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Xm ngun.
Khng nhn thy vn bn hin th khi ang g.
C v mt thi gian hn so vi cc chng trnh son tho vn
. .
. .
bn thng thng.
Phi nh cc tn lnh (hoc phi c ti liu bn cnh.)
Tt nhin, tr khi chng ta c mt front-end mnh.
Hi kh khn khi bt u
Khi bn quen, cc thao tc phc tp tr nn d dng.
M ngun ca cc ti liu ln c kch thc rt khim tn.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .

Khi nim LaTeX
u nhc im ca L
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X .
. .
. .
C th tun th cc lut chnh t, nht l khi g cc cng thc.

PPT, Impress thng c vn khi g cng thc
Ti liu L
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X thngchuyn nghip hn cc ti liu khc
. .
Min ph! (mc d mt vi front-end nh WinEdt, l phn mm

chia s.)
Khi nim LaTeX
MS-DOS Prompt
Khi m ngun c vit xong, cn chuyn cho L
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X. C th dng
MS-DOS prompt, Start Programs MS-DOS Prompt
hoc
Start Programs Accessories MS-DOS Prompt
Chuyn n th mc ang lm vic cd "c:\My
Documents\PhongNT"
Dch m ngun L
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X, v.d. latex sample.tex
Xut hin file .dvi c th hin th c bng chng trnh YAP.
Khi nim LaTeX
TeXnicCenter
TeXnicCenter l mt chng trnh cho php son tho cc file
cha m ngun L
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X v dng mt phm duy nht dch L
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X,
hoc mt phm khc hin th vn bn u ra.
TeXnicCenter cha c ci t. Cn ci t trn my tnh.
Khi ng TeXnicCenter t start:
Khi ng Programs TeXnicCenter TeXnicCenter
S c mt mn hnh Tip of the Day. C th ng ca ny li.
Mn hnh cu hnh TeXnicCenter s xut hin. S dng cc cu
hnh mc nh, bng cch n vo cc phm Next, Next and
Finish
Khi nim LaTeX
S dng TeXnicCenter
Sau khi cu hnh TeXnicCenter, mn hnh TeXnicCenter s xut
hin:
Khi nim LaTeX
TeXnicCenter : Khi to Project mi
to project mi, chn File New Project. Ca s New Project
s c m ra:
Khi nim LaTeX
TeXnicCenter : Khi to mt Project mi
Nhp tn ca project v ch ra th mc lu:
Chn Empty Project v n OK .
Khi nim LaTeX
TeXnicCenter : Khi to mt Project mi
Kt qu thu c c dng:
Khi nim LaTeX
TeXnicCenter : G m ngun
C th bt u g m ngun:
Khi nim LaTeX
.
Saving, L
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Xing, Viewing Document
1. ghi vo m ngun, n vo phm ghi
2. dch bng L
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X n vo Build Icon
3. Nu c li , n vo phmBuild Next Error, dch chuyn v v
tr li. Sa li v chuyn v bc 1.
4. Sau c th xem kt qu hin th ti liu bng cch n vo phm
view output button .
Definitions
Cc k hiu c bit
10 k hiu sau c ngha c bit v cn c s dng cn thn:
% $ # & { } _ ^ ~ \
Du phn trm % bt u mt ch thch cho m ngun. Tt c
nhng g sau k hiu % trn mt dng u b L
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X b qua.
Mt vi t % ch thch. Mt vi t
Input Output
Cc k hiu c bit khc s c cp n sau.
Definitions
Cc lnh(Macros)
Cc lnh cho php nh dng cc phn ca ti liu.
C th c biu din bng k hiu c bit (v.d. $) hoc mt
backslash sau l mt k hiu c bit (v.d. \=) hoc mt
backslash sau l mt t (v.d. \today).
Tt c cc du cch sau tn lnh u b b qua. Ch s khc
nhau gia
\oe
v
\o e
Input
e
Output
Input Output
Definitions
Nhm
Mt on m c th c nhm li bng cch t trong { and }
Hu ht cc lnh t trong mt nhm ch c tc dng tng nhm
.
Mt on vn bn. Mt on vn bn.
{on vn bn ny nm on vn bn ny
trong nhm.} Mt on nm trong nhm.
vn bn khc. Mt on vn bn
Input
khc.
Output
Lnh c th c nhm loi b du cch trc lnh:
man{\oe}uvre manuvre
Input
Output
Definitions
Thng s lnh
Mt vi lnh c th c mt hoc nhiu tham s . V d cu lnh
\textbf c mt tham s l vn bn s c lm bo.
\textbf{Mt on vn Mt on vn bn
bn ch m} ch m
Input Output
Nu tham s c nhiu hn mt k hiu, cc k hiu ny cn c
gp li bng du ngoc nhn { }. Nu khng, ch c k hiu u
tin c tnh l tham s:
\textbf K hiu ny K hiu ny bo
bo
Output
Input
Definitions
Cc tham s ph
Mt vi lnh c cc thng s b sung.
Cc tham s b sung c t trong cc du ngoc vung [ ]:
y l \\mt
dng mi.
y l
mt dng mi.
Input Output
y l\\[5mm]
mt dng mi.
Input
y l
mt dng mi.
Output
Tham s b sung ni chung khai bo trc tham s chnh (c
mt vi trng hp c bit.)
Definitions
Mi trng
Mi trng environment khc vi cc lnh.
\begin{name} khai bo im bt u ca mt mi trng.
\end{name} khai bo im kt thc ca mi trng.
\begin{sffamily} Vn bn dng sans-
Vn bn dng serif.
sans-serif
Output
\end{sffamily}
Input
Mi trng cng thc hin vic nhm cc on vn bn. Cc thay
i trong mt mi trng thng l cc b trong mi trng.
Mi trng cng c th c cc tham s chnh v ph.
Du cch v du phn trang
Du cch
Cc du cch lin tip c x l nh mt du cch duy nht.
Mt on vn bn. Mt on vn bn.
Input Output
Cc k hiu xung dng v cc k hiu tab u c hin th
thnh cc du cch.
Hin th mt du cch sau mt lnh, s dng \:
\LaTeX\
vi!
tht tuyt L
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vi!
tht tuyt
C th s dng \ du cch sau cc t vit tt:
Input Output
v.d.\ th ny. v.d. th ny.
Input Output
Du cch v du phn trang
on vn-Paragraphs
Mt dng trng nh ngha cui mt on vn.
y l on y l on vn
vn u tin. u tin.
y l u on
y l u vn th hai.
on vn th hai.
Output
Input
Ngt on vn cng c th c khai bo bng cu lnh \par
To ti liu mi
To ti liu mi
Tt c cc file L
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X3 u bt u bng cu lnh command
\documentclass[options]{class}
Cu lnh ny nh ngha Loi vn bn. V d:
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
Tt c cc on vn bn ca ti liu cn c nm trong mi
trng document environment:
\begin{document}
nh ngha im u ca mt ti liu
\end{document}
nh ngha im cui ca ti liu.
To ti liu mi
To mt ti liu
Tt c ti liu L
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X u c 3 dng lnh sau:
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\begin{document}
\end{document}
Dng u tin c th thay i vi cc ti liu khc nhau, nhng hai
dng cn li lun lun ging nh trn.
Cc lnh thay i Font n gin
Cc lnh thay i Font v cc khai bo Font
Mt lnh thay i font l cu trc khng lm nh hng n phn
cn li ca ti liu. C th hiu cc lnh l: lm thao tc X vi i
tng sau. V d, \textbf{A} c gnha l: lm cho on vn
bn sau c font bo, trong i tng l ch ci A.
Mt lnh khai bo Font l cu trc nh hng n ton b vn bn
t v tr cu lnh V d, \bfseries thay i sang ch font
bo cho tt c cc on vn sau lnh ny.
Cc lnh thay i Font
Command Sample Input Sample Output
\textrm{text}
\textsf{text}
\texttt{text}
\textrm{Roman}
\textsf{Sans serif}
\texttt{typewriter}
Roman
Sans serif
typewriter
\textmd{text}
\textbf{text}
\textmd{medium}
\textbf{bold}
medium
bold
\textup{text}
\textit{text}
\textsl{text}
\textsc{text}
\emph{text}
\textup{upright}
\textit{italic}
\textsl{slanted}
\textsc{Small Caps}
\emph{emphasized}
upright
italic
slanted
Small Caps
emphasized
\textnormal{text} \textnormal{default} default
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Cc lnh khai bo Font
Declaration Sample Input Sample Output
\rmfamily
\sffamily
\ttfamily
\rmfamily Roman
\sffamily Sans serif
\ttfamily typewriter
Roman
Sans serif
typewriter
\mdseries
\bfseries
\mdseries medium
\bfseries bold
medium
bold
\upshape
\itshape
\slshape
\scshape
\em
\upshape upright
\itshape italic
\slshape slanted
\scshape Small Caps
\em emphasized
upright
italic
slanted
Small Caps
emphasized
\normalfont \normalfont default default
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V d thay i Font
1. \em on vn nhn mnh. on vn nhn mnh.
Input Output
2. on vn \emph{nhn mnh}. on vn nhn mnh.
Output
Input
3. \sffamily Some Some slanted text.
\textsl{slanted} text.
Output
Input
V d thay i font
4. \scshape Some more Some more text.
\upshape text.
Input
Output
\itshape Some
\emph{emphasized} text.
Some emphasized text. 5.
Output
Input
6. {\bfseries Some
bold} text.
Input
Some bold text.
Output
Cc mi trng thay i Font
Mt mi trng cng c th c s dng thay i cc b cc
tnh cht ca font.
Tn ca mi trng ging nh tn ca khai bo font declaration,
khng c \ i trc.
V d:
Some normal text. Some normal text. Some
\begin{bfseries} bold text. Back to
Some bold text. normal text.
\end{bfseries}
Output
Back to normal text.
Input
Thay i kch c font
Khai bo Mi trng V d
\tiny tiny tiny text
\scriptsize scriptsize script sized text
\footnotesize footnotesize footnote sized text
\small small small text
\normalsize normalsize normal sized text
\large large large text
\Large Large even larger
\LARGE LARGE larger still
\huge huge huge
\Huge Huge really huge
V d v thay i kch c font
1. Some normal sized text. Some normal sized
{\small Some small text. Some small text.
text.} Normal again. Normal again.
Output Input
2. Some \textbf{\large Some large bold
large bold} text. text.
Output
Input
V d v thay i kch c font
4. \begin{footnotesize}
Some text.
\end{footnotesize}
Some text.
Output
Input
5. Some normal text.
\begin{tiny}
\itshape
Some tiny italic text.
\end{tiny}
Back to normal.
Some normal text.
Some tiny italic text. Back
to normal.
Output
Input
u phy, trng m, k hiu
K hiu
Chng ta ni n cc k hiu c bit cc k hiu c bit? Lm
th no c th hin th chng? Lm th no hin th cc k hiu
khng c trn bn phm?
\%
\$
\#
\&
\{
\}
\_
%
$
#
&
{
}
_
\textasciicircum
\textasciitilde
\textbackslash
\copyright
\textregistered
\texttrademark
\textvisiblespace
^
~
\
c
R
TM
\P
\S
\yen
\i
\j
\ddag
\dag
\ldots
\textbar
\textgreater
\textless
\textbullet
\pounds
. . .
|
>
<

V d v cc k hiu
1. \pounds 43.50 43.50
Output
Input
2. A, B \& C A, B & C
Input Output
3. As she opened the As she opened the
door, she saw \ldots door, she saw . . .
Input Output
Cc k hiu phn cch
Cc k hiu phn cch thng thng c th c nhp bnh
thng: , . ; : ? !
Mt vi k hiu cn n cc t hp c bit ca cc k hiu khc.
Foreign
Quotes Dashes
Punctation
- - hyphen ? ?
-- en dash ! !
--- em dash
$-$ minus
Khong cch nh \, c th c s dng phn cch nhy n
v nhy kp. V d, \, hin th thnh
V d
1. See pages 23--30
Input
2. She opened the box ---
the twenty-second
one --- and
fainted in surprise.
Input
3. She said to me:
is that it?\,
Input
See pages 2330
Output
She opened the
box the twenty-
second one and
fainted in surprise.
Output
She said to me: is
that it?
Output
Cc du trng m
Cc lnh trng m cho php t cc du ln trn cc k hiu.
Definition
V d
Input Output Definition
V d
Input Output
\{object} \{c} c \={object} \={c} c
\{object} \{c} `c \.{object} \.{c} c
\^{object} \^{c} c \~{object} \~{c} c
\"{object} \"{c} c \v{object} \v{c} c
\u{object} \u{c} c \H{object} \H{c} c
\t{object}
\d{object}
\t{cc} cc
\d{c} c
.
\c{object}
\b{object}
\c{c} c
\b{c} c

V d v cc t vi trng m
1. Caf\e Caf
Output
Input
2. Cr\eche Crche
Output
Input
3. P\^at\e Pt
Output
Input
4. Na\"{\i}ve Nave
Output
Input
Ch vic s dng k hiu dotless i.
Cc ch ghp
\AE \ae \OE \oe
fi fi ffi ffi fl fl ffl ffl
n v tin t
\AA

A \aa a \L L \l l
\O \o \SS SS \ss
V d t c cc ch ghp
1. Man{\oe}uvre Manuvre
Output
Input
2. {\AE}olian olian
Output
Input
3. {\OE}sophagus sophagus
Output Input
4. fluffier fluffier
Input Output
Cc lp, cc lnh phn vng, trang tiu
Cc lp ti liu
Lp ti liu (document class) c nh ngha s dng cu lnh:
\documentclass[option-list]{class}
C nhiu lp c sn. Cc lp chun l:
article report book slides letter
Cn dng lp no?
Cn vit ti liu nh th no?
C cn tm tt khng? (article hoc report class)
Chia thnh cc mc (article class), hay cn chia thnh cc
chng (report hoc book class)?
Cc lp ti liu chun
Mt vi ty bin thng dng:
onecolumn Ti liu mt ct
twocolumn Ti liu hai ct
titlepage Tiu trn mt trang ring
notitlepage Tiu trn u trang nht
oneside nh dng in mt mt
twoside nh dng in 2 mt
portrait Ti liu nm ngang
landscape Ti liu ng dc
10pt Font mc nh kch thc 10pt
11pt Font mc nh 11pt
12pt Font mc nh 12pt
Cc lnh phn on chun
\part[Tiu ]{Tiu } \subsubsection[Tiu ]{Tiu }
\chapter[Tiu ]{Tiu } \paragraph[Tiu ]{Tiu }
\section[Tiu ]{Tiu } \subparagraph[Tiu ]{Tiu }
\subsection[Tiu ]{Tiu }
C mt s lnh ch c s dng trong cc loi ti liu nht nh.
Cc phn, chng, mc, mc con, mc nh u c nh s t
ng.
\paragraph v \subparagraph thng c dng nh du
cc phn on khng nh du. C th thay i cu hnh mc
nh ny
V d v cc phn ca vn bn
1. \section{Gii thiu}
Ti liu \LaTeX\ l \ldots
1 Gii thiu
Ti liu L
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\subsection{Macros}
Macros\ldots
Input
Input
Output
2. 1.1 Macros
Macros. . .
Output
3. \section*{Unnumbered Unnumbered
Sections}
Input
Sections
Output
Tm tt - Abstract
Mt vi lp ti liu nh article v report nh ngha mi trng
abstract biu din phn tm tt ca vn bn.
V d:
\begin{abstract} Tm tt ni dung
y l ni dung ca y l ni dung
tm tt. nh dng
ca tm tt. nh
ph thuc vo loi
dng ph thuc
vn bn s dng.
vo loi vn bn s
\end{abstract}
dng.
Output
Input
Trang tiu
c th to ra trang ba, cn phi a mt s thng tin bng
cc lnh:
\author{Author Names}
\title{Document Title}
\date{Date}
Cc thng tin sau c hin th bng lnh:
\maketitle
V d v trang ba
\author{H Quc Trung}
\title{Nhp mn
\LaTeX}
\maketitle
Nhp mn L
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H Quc Trung
Input
November 2006
Output
Ph lc
vit ph lc, s dng lnh:
\appendix
bt u mt ph lc.
C th tip tc dng cc lnh \chapter hoc \section, ph
thuc vo loi ti liu.
V d
% This is the 4th section
\section{Kt lun}
Here are the conclusions.
\appendix
\section{Tables}
y l ph lc s 1.
\section{Proofs}
y l ph lc s 2.
4 Kt lun
Here are the conclusions.
A Tables
y l ph lc s 1.
B Proofs
Input
y l ph lc s 2.
Output
Mc lc
Mc lc c th c hin th s dng lnh:
\tableofcontents
Cc lnh phn cp ti liu ghi cc thng tin vo mt file mc
lc(.toc).
Ln L
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X ti liu tip theo, file mc lc s c c, mc lc s
c sinh ra.
Nu tn ca chng mc qu di, c th s dng tham s ph
ca cc lnh phn cp vn bn ch ra mt tiu ngn hn.
Lnh \tableofcontents thng c t sau lnh \maketitle.
Kiu nh dng (Style) ca trang
S trang thng c t t ng
Mc nh, trong loi vn bn article s trang xut hin gia v
di.
Kiu nh dng trang(cch thc hin th headers v footers)c th
c thay i s dng cu lnh:
\pagestyle{style}
Cc style thng dng l: plain, empty and headings.
Style ca trang hin ti c th c t s dng:
\thispagestyle{style}
Kiu nh s trang
S trang c hin th bng cc s theo mc nh.
nh dng c thay i bng: \pagenumbering{style}
Cc kiu chun l: arabic, roman, Roman, alph and Alph.
\pagenumbering s t s trang bt u t 1.
Thng thng, cc ch s la m thng c dng cho cc phn
u (li ni u, thay cho li ta, ...), cn s thng thng c
dng cho cc phn cn li ca vn bn:
\maketitle
\pagenumbering{roman}
\tableofcontents % Front matter
\begin{abstract} ... \end{abstract}
\chapter{Introduction} % Start of main matter
\pagenumbering{arabic}
nh dng
nh dng on vn
Mc nh, cc on vn c canh l u hai bn, tuy nhin nh
dng ny c th c thay i s dng khai bo, hoc mi trng.
Khai bo \raggedright \raggedleft \centering
Environment flushleft flushright center
nh dng
V d (mi trng)
1.
\begin{flushright} Some right justified
Some right text.
justified text.
Output
\end{flushright}
Input
2. \begin{center}
Some more text,
this time it is centred.
\end{center}
Some more text,
this time it is
centred.
Output
Input
nh dng
V d (lnh khai bo)
Cc khai bo v canh l c thc hin cho c on vn.
1. Canh l c p dng cho c on vn:
{\raggedleft Canh l Canh l
phi y ny.\par} phi y ny.
Output Input
2. Cc du cch on vn c b qua, on vn c nh dng
theo u on vn:
{\raggedleft Canh
phi y ny.}
l Canh l
phi y ny.
Input Output
nh dng
Canh gia mt dng
C c nhng lnh canh gia mt dng:
\centerline{text}
V d:
\centerline{Some centred text}
Some centred text
Input
Input
nh dng
Cc dng mi
xung dng: \\[length] hoc \newline
Line
Line
Line
one\\
two\\[20pt]
three
Line one
Line two
Input
Line three
Output
\begin{flushright}
Line one\\
Line two\\[20pt]
Line three
\end{flushright}
Line one
Line two
Line three
Output
Input
nh dng
Ngt dng
ngt mt dng v gi nguyn canh l: \linebreak[n]
A short fully
justified paragraph.
A short fully justi-
fied paragraph.
Input Output
A short \linebreak fu
lly
Input
A
fully
paragraph.
short
justified
Output
nh dng
Chng ngt dng
chng ngt dng theo t dng: \nolinebreak[n]
A short fully
A short fully justified
paragraph.
Input Output
A short fully
justified\nolinebreak\
paragraph.
A short fully
fied paragraph.
justi-
Output
Input
nh dng
Khong trng i km
C th dng k hiu ~ c mt du cch khng nm ring mt
dng. V d:
Numbers such as the 3 Numbers such as the 3 in Example
in Example 3, should 3, should never occur at the start
never occur at the of a new line.
start of a new line.
Output
Input
Numbers such as the 3
in Example~3, should
never occur at the
Numbers such as the 3 in Exam-
ple 3, should never occur at the
Output
Input
nh dng
Cch trang
Cch trang bt buc
\newpage
to mt cch trang cn l ng, dng:
\pagebreak[n]
chng ngt trang dng:
\nopagebreak[n]
Cch trang v hin th tt c cc nh treo, dng:
\clearpage

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