oyfl:yltdf s;};u Pstf x'b g} M ljKna

jif{ &, c+s #),

@)&! ;fn h]7 !! ut] cfOtaf/ (May 25, 2014)

e|i6frf/df /fhgLlts bn cufl8

sf7df8f} F . ;fj{ h lgs tyf

u}/;/sf/L If]qdf cfgf] ks8 sfod
/fVg / ;Qfdf /lx/xg /fhgLlts
bnxn] cfcfgf] k|efj k|of]u ubf{
e| i6frf/ df} n fPsf] ] 6 f G;k/] G ;L
OG6/g] ; gnn] hgfPsf] 5.
6 f G;k/] G ;L OG6/g] ; gncGtu{ t
/fli6o ;bfrf/ k|0ffnLsf] k|ltj]bg
blIf0f Pl;ofdf e|i6frf/lj?4sf]
n8fOF M k| lti7f / hjfkmb] lxtf
agfpg] df g]kfnsf] lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{

/fhgLltaf6 aflx/ /fVg] k|dv

' r'gf}tL
/x]sf] /x]sf] pNn]v 5. 6fG;k/]G;L
OG6/g];gnsf Pl;of dxfb]zsf If]qLo
lgb]{zs >L/fs lklnk6n] ;j]{If0f /
cg';Gwfgsf cfwf/df k|ltj]bg tof/
kfl/Psf] atfP. blIf0f PlzofnL
d'ns
' df e|i6frf/ df}nfpFbf] cj:yfdf
/x]sf] / /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfxn]
To;df ;xof]uL e"ldsf v]n]sf] pgn]
atfP. ;fj{ h lgs ;+ : yfgsf
-afFs L clGtd k]h df_

sf7df8f} " . cGt/fli6 o

lgodcg';f/ x:tlnlvt /fxbfgL ;g\
@)!% sf] ge]Da/ @$ ;Dd dfq}
dfGo x'g] ePkl5 ;/sf/n] g]kfnL
sfdbf/sf] ;+Vof a9L /x]sf d'n'sdf
d]l;g l/8]an kf;kf]6{-Pdcf/kL_
agfpg ;'rgf ;+sng ug{ 6f]nL
k7fpg] ePsf] 5. cTolws sfdbf/
/x] s f d' n ' s df ld;gn] dfq}
/fxbfgLsf] rfk y]Ug g;Sg] ePsfn]
ot}af6 6f]nL k7fP/ ;xof]u ug{
of]hgf agfpg /fxbfgL ljefudf

j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;foL ;+3, >d

ljefu / k| x /L lgsfonufotsf
;/f]sf/jfnfjLr 5nkmn ePsf] lyof].
/f]huf/ Joj;foLxn] klg To;df
cfjZos ;xof] u ug{ k| lta4tf
hgfPsfn] ;lhnf] x'g] ljefusf] egfO{
5. stf/, ;fpbL c/j, dn]l;of /
o'PO{sf 7"nf ;x/df /x]sf g]kfnL
;d'bfo;u ;Dks{ a9fP/ sfd ug]{
of] h gf 5, /fxbfgL ljefusf
dxflgb]{zs /d]z vgfnn] eg], Ps
-afFs L clGtd k]h df_

sf7df8f} F . g] k fn ljB' t \
k|flws/0fn] ljleGg ;dodf u/L s"n
$) d] u fjf6sf gf} hnljB' t \
cfof] hgfsf] ljB' t\ vl/b laqmL
;Demf} tf -lklkP_ vf/] h u/] s f]
hgfPsf] 5. ;dod} k|ult ljj/0f
k]; gu/]sf] / lgdf{0f k|lqmof;d]t
;'? gu/]sf] kfPkl5 tL k|j4{ssf]
;Demf}tf vf/]h ul/Psf] xf]. ljB't\
cfof]hgfsf] nfO;]G; lnP/ lgdf{0f

;'? gu/]kl5 lklkP vf/]h ul/lbPsf]

k|flws/0fn] hgfPsf] 5. k|flws/0fsf
Jofkf/ dxfzfvf k|d'v lxt]Gb|b]j
zfSon] sflGtk'/ xfO8f] kfj/ sDkgLn]
lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf] !) d]ufjf6sf]
nf6f, lh6]s g]kfnsf] dflyNnf]
df]bL, o'lge;{n kfj/n] lgdf{0f ug{
nfu]sf] n8\s' vf]nf, uf]vf{ xfO8f]sf]
b/d vf]nf, ae]l/og xfO8f]sf] tNnf]
-afFs L clGtd k]h df_

Pdcf/kL kmf/fd ;+sng ug{ 6f]nL v6fOg]

gf} hnljB't\ cfof]hgf vf/]h

d"No ?= &.

sf7df8f}F. g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf
;lrj g] q ljqmd rGb ljKnan]
;+;b\jfbL bnx? cfk"mx?nfO{ a]jf:tf

ljKnan] g]skfdfcf]jfbLnfO{ aflx/

/fv]/ zflGt / ;+ljwfg n]vgsf]
k|lqmof cl3 a9\g g;Sg] atfP.

u/]/ cl3 a9]sf] eGb} cfGbf]ng ug]{

r] tfjgL lbPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL
dhb'/ ;+u7gn] u/]sf] sfo{qmddf

;lrj
ljKnan]
g] k fnL
sfFu|];nufotsf bnn] lj:t[t zflGt
-afFs L clGtd k]h df_

;/sf/sf] ;o lbg k'm:;f ;flat

uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngsf nflu ;xdt

sf7df8f}F. k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn

sf]O/fnfn] ;Qf ;Dxfn]sf] ;o lbg k"/f
ePsf] 5. s'g} klg ;/sf/sf nflu
dw'df;sf ?kdf lnOg] ;o lbgdf
sf] O/fnf ;/sf/n] klg k" j {j tL{
;/sf/x?n] em} vf;} km/skg lbg
;s]g. jf:tljs hLjgdf xlgd'g
dgfpg gkfP klg sf]O/fnfn] ;/sf/df
a;]/ dw'df; t latfP. t/, ;kmn
x'g ;s]gg\ . lautdf klg ;w}F ;Qfsf]
lgs6 /x]/ klg clxn];Dd /fHo
;~rfngsf] lhDd]jf/Ldf gk'u]sf,
;DklQsf] df]x gePsf], ;dsfnLg
g]tfx?sf] t'ngfdf :jR5 5lj;lxt
;Qf/f]x0f u/]sf pgn] k|wfgdGqL kbdf
k'u/] eg] pNn]Vo sfd ug{ g;s]sf
x'g\ . a? pgsf] sfo{zn
} L ;':t / r':t
lg0f{o lng g;Sbf sltko dxTjk"0f{
sfd TolQs} ylGsPsf 5g\. ;o lbgdf
s;}n] klg pn6k'n6 t ug{ ;Sb}g t/
hgtfdf s]xL gofFkgsf] cfef; eg]
lbg;S5. To;af6 sf]O/fnf ;/sf/

r'ss
] f] 5. Ps jif{leq zflGt /
;+ljwfg lbg] afrf ub}{ ;Qfsf] eof
pSn]sf sf]O/fnfn] ;/sf/sf] ;o lbgdf
;/sf/n] g} k"0f{tf kfPsf] 5}g.
;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg ePsf] 5 dlxgf
lalt;Sbf klg dlGqkl/ifb\af6 dgf]gog
ug{] @^ hgfnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg ;s]gg\,
a? bnLo sf]6fdf efua08f ug{ vf]Hbf
To;f] gug{ ;jf]R{ r cbfntn] cfb]z g}
lbg' k/]sf] 5. zflGt k|lqmof 6'o\ fpg]
;DaGwdf eg] pgn] zflGt tyf
d]nldnfk / j]kQf 5fglag cfof]usf]
u7g;DalGw P]g NofPsf 5g\. oBlk,
P] g sf af/] d f kLl8t /
dfgjclwsf/sdL{ ;d'bfoaf6 lj/f]w eg]
cfO/x]s} 5g\. kl5Nnf lbgdf ;jf]R{ rsf]
GofofwLz lgo'lStdf Gofokl/ifb\n] u/]sf]
l;kmfl/; / ljjfbsf] k|s/0f klg csf]{
cfnf]rgfsf] kf6f] ag]sf] 5. jiff}j+ { if{;Dd
l/St /x] sf] ;+j}w flgs lgsfox?
dfgjclwsf/ cfof]ub]lv clVtof/;Dd
kbk"lt{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g. ljleGg b]zdf

/fhb"t vfnL 5g\ t/ lgo'lStsf]

k|lqmof;Dd rfNg ;lsPsf] 5}g.
ldtJooL / ;bfrfl/tfsf nflu s]xL

k|of; yfn] klg ;/sf/ aGg] ljlQs}

k]6f l] nod kbfy{df ul/Psf] d"Noj[l4,
csflzFbf] ahf/ efp lgoGq0f ug{ g;Sbf
pgn] cfnf]rgf v]Kg' k/]sf] 5.

r'/] r':g]nfO{ ;/sf/sf] ;fy

sf7df8f} F .
qm;/
;~rfng;DaGwL dfkb08 g} vf/]hLsf]
dfu /fv] / bafa lbO/x] s f
Joj;foL;fd' ;/sf/n] 3'8f 6]s]sf]
5. r'/]If]q ljgfz x'g]u/L cglws[t
kdf rln/x] s f qm;/ pBf] u
Joj:yfkg ug{ ' k g{ ] a] n f ;/sf/
Joj;foL;fd' 3'8f 6]Sg k'u]sf] 5.
r'/]If]q ljgfznfO{ lnP/ ;+;bLo
;ldltdf ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] k|:tfj
k] ; eO;s] s f] cj:yfdf
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] utlaxLaf/ a}7sn]
Joj;foLsf] dfu ;Daf] w g ug] {
afrf;lxt gf} ;b:oLo sfo{bn u7g
u/] s f] xf] . cl3Nnf] ;/sf/n]
;fpgb] l v nfu" x' g ] u /L qm;/
;~rfng dfkb08 to u/]sf] lyof].
r'/]If]q hf]ufpg ljleGg k|fljlws
cWoogsf cfwf/df pSt dfkb08
agfOPsf] xf]. dfkb08 nfu" eP

Joj;fo rf}k6 x'g] b]v/] qm;/ pBf]uL

cflQPsf lyP. pgLxn] nfu"
x'g'cl3 g} dfkb08 vf/]hL, 9'+ufluL
lgsf;L v'nf ug{k' g{h
] :tf !! a'bF ] dfu
/fv]/ @@ lbgb]lv cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf
lyP. oxL bafasf sf/0f ;/sf/n]
dfkb08 sfof{Gjogcl3 g} /fo;'emfj
lng] eGb} pBf] u ;lrjsf]
;+o f]hsTjdf sfo{bn u7g u/]/
;Demf}tf u/]sf] xf]. ;Demf}tfkl5
qm;/ Joj;foLn] cfGbf]ng lkmtf{ lnFb}
pTkfbgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] 3f]if0ff
u/] sf 5g\ . Joj:yflksf ;+ ;b,
jftfj/0f ;ldltsf ;b:o /fhf/fh
:oftfg of] ;Demf}tf qm;/ ;~rfng
dfkb08 sfof{ G jognfO{ yk
cNdNofpg] rfn ePsf] atfpF5g\.
o;af6 cGttM r' /] I f] q ;+ /If0f
sfo{qmd k|efljt eO{ qm;/ Joj;foLs}
dgf]sf+Iff k"/f x'G5, pgn] atfP.

sfo{bndf jftfj/0f, jg, u[x tyf

:yfgLo ljsf; ;lrj, g]kfn pBf]u
jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf k|ltlglw, g]kfn
qm;/ tyf vfgL pBf]u Joj;foL
dxf;+ 3sf cWoIf / Ps ;b:o
/xg]5g\. 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u
ljefusf dxflgb]{zsnfO{ ;b:o
;lrj tf]lsPsf] 5. sfo{ bnn]
;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo;Fu 5nkmn u/L
!% lbgleq /fo;'emfj ;/sf/nfO{
a'emfpg]5, jftf{6f]nLsf ;+of]hs tyf
k|wfgdGqL sfof{nosf ;lrj s[i0fxl/
afF : sf] 6 fn] eg] . afF : sf] 6 fs}
;+of]hsTjdf ul7t cl3Nnf] sfo{bnn]
qm;/ pBf]u ;~rfng dfkb08 to
u/]sf] xf]. qm;/ tyf vfgL pBf]u
Joj;foL dxf;+3sf cWoIf pd]z
z]/rgn] lkIfLo jftf{sf] l;kmfl/;df
u7g ePsf] sfo{bnn] /fo;'emfj;lxt
-afFs L clGtd k]h df_

o;} a Lr, k| w fgdGqL ;' z Ln

sf]O/fnf ;j{kIfLo uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng
ug{ tof/ ePsf] atfOPsf] 5.
utz'qmaf/ k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnf /
g]skfdfcf]jfbL cWoIf df]xg j}B
ls/0faLr ePsf] e]6jftf{kl5 ;lrj
b]j u'?n] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngsf nflu
k|wfgdGqL tof/ ePsf] atfPsf x'g\ .
e]6jftf{df k|wfgdGqLn] ;xdltaf6}
;+ljwfg hf/L ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbFb}
uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngsf nflu tof/ /x]sf]
atfPsf] ;lrj u'?n] hfgsf/L lbP.
pgn] ;+ ljwfg n] v g / zflGt
k| l qmofnufotsf ljifodf ;a}
bnx?aLr ;xdltsf] ljsNk gePsf]
eGb} k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnfn] ;/sf/df
;xefuL ;a} bn uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngsf
nflu tof/ /x]sf] atfPsf] bfaL u'?n]
u/]. uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng slxn] / s;/L
ug]{ eGg]af/] k|wfgdGqL ef/taf6
kmls{P nuQ} 5nkmn x'g] ;lrj u'?n]
hfgsf/L lbP.

k|wfgdGqL sf]O /fnf

ef/t hfb}
sf7df8f}+. k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn
sf]O/fnf ef]ln ;f]daf/ ef/t k|:yfg
k|:yfg ug]{ ePsf 5g\. uta'waf/
l;+x b/af/df a;] s f] dlGqkl/ifb\
a}7sn] ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb|
df]bLsf] ;ky u|x0f ;df/f]xdf ;xefuL
x'g k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnf ef/t k|:yfg
ug]{ lg0f{o kfl/t u/]sf] xf]. ef/tsf]
nf]s;ef r'gfjdf ax'dt kfPsf]
ef/tLo hgtf kf6L{sf] ;+;bLo bnsf
g]tf df]bLn] @^ d]df ;ky lnFb} 5g\.
To:t} ef/t e| d 0fsf ca;/df
k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnfn] pRr:t/Lo
/fhgLlts e] 6aftf{ ;d] t ug] {
;/sf/sf k|aStf Pj+ ;"rgf tyf
;~rf/dGqL ldg] G b| l/hfnn]
hfgsf/L lbP. a}7sn] ;lrj ef]nf
l;jfsf]6LnfO{ >d dGqfno, lrj
;'/]z dfg >]i7nfO{ ;xsf/L tyf
ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfnodf Nofpg]
-afFs L clGtd k]h df_

c;'/lIft aGb} j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb if8\oGqsf/Lsf] sAhfdf

sf7df8f}F . g]kfnLxsf] j}b]lzs

/f]huf/Ldf hfg] ;+Vofdf j[l4;Fu}
ljb]lzPsf g]kfnL sfdbf/xsf] lt
d'n'sdf d[To'sf] ;+Vof klg a9\g
yfn]sf] 5. uPsf] jif{ g]kfnaf6
/f]huf/Ldf uPsf *^$ hgfsf] d[To'
ljb]zdf ePsf] 5. lj=;= @)&)
;fndf j}zfvb]lv r}t d;fGt;Dddf
d[To' x'g]dWo] *$% hgf k'?if / !(
hgf dlxnf 5g. of]afx]s klg 7"nf]
;+Vofdf cj}wflgskdf ljb]lzPsf
g]kfnLxsf] d[To' x'g] u/] klg To;sf]
tYof g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu 5}g. ef/t

xF'b} t];|f] d'n's eP/ cj}wflgskdf

ljb]lzPsf g]kfnLxsf] d[To' eP klg
pgLx cj} w flgskdf uPsfn]
pgLxsf] zj Nofpg ;d]t cK7of/f]
kg{] u/]sf] 5.
To:t} ef/tdf a;{]lg ;of}+ g]kfnL
sfdbf/sf] d[To' x'g] u/]sf] cg'dfg
ul/Psf] 5, h;sf] tYof klg
;/sf/;Fu 5}g. j}b]lzs /f]huf/
k|j4g af]8{sf lgb]{zs 6Lsfk|;fb
e08f/Ln] v'nf ;Ldfsf sf/0f ef/tdf
uP/ sfd ubf{ d[To' x'g] g]kfnL sfdbf/
/ ef/t x'Fb} cj}wflgskdf t];|f]

lgikIf ;dfrf/ / k|:6 ljrf/sf nflu

www.janakhabar.com
x]g{ ge'Ng'xf]nf .

d'n'sdf k'uL d[To' ePsf g]kfnL

sfdbf/sf] :ki6 tYof gePsf]
atfpF5g. pgn] ef/t afx]ssf t];f| ]
d' n ' s df j} w flgskdf uPsf
sfdbf/sf] dfq} tYof af]8{n] /fVg]
u/]sf] atfP. tYofcg';f/ cf};tdf
k| l tdlxgf &@ hgf j} b ] l zs
/f]huf/Ldf d[To' x'g] u/]sf] 5. h;df
/f]huf/Lafx]s k9\g / cGo sfo{sf]
qmddf ljb]zdf d[To' ePsf g]kfnLx
;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g.
j}b]lzs /f]huf/ k|j4{g af]8{sf
cg' ; f/ uPsf] jif{ ; a} eGbf a9L
dn]l;ofdf @(( hgfsf] d[To' ePsf]
5. To:t} ;fpbL c/adf @##,
stf/df !*$, o'oO{ -b'jO{_df %*
hgf, s'jt] df $$ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf]
5. blIf0f sf]/Lofdf !$ hgf,
-afFs L clGtd k]h df_

sf7df8f}F . ut j}zfv @% / @^
ut] a;]sf] ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\sf]
sfo{;ldlt a}7sn] h]7 !@ ut] Dofb
;lsg nfu]sf lgb{z
] s dbg l/dfnnfO{
@ jif{sf] s/f/df lgo'St u/]sf] 5.
ljB't k|flws/0fdf :yfoL hflu/
ePsf ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\sf ;b:o
;lrj /ljGb| s ' d f/n] dlxnf,
afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqL
lgdn s]=;L=nfO{ unt l/kf]l6{ u/L
sfo{;ldltsf] a}7saf6 ljleGg lg0f{o
u/fPsf] ;+rf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5. ;b:o
;lrj ofbjn] dGqL v8\sfnfO{ k|efjdf
kf/]/ cfgf] kb ;'/lIft u/fPsf 5g\.
lgb]z
{ s l/dfnsf] cjsfz gx'Fb} b'O{
jif{ s/f/df lgo'St ug{] lg0f{o s;/L
ug{ k' u ] s f] xf] , cfdkl/ifb\ s f
z'elrGtsxn] k|Zg ul//x]sf 5g\.
l/dfnn]
ljleGg
PghLcf]cfOPghLcf] xsf] ;do
;lsPkl5 lkmtf{ x'g] ;fdfgxsf]

kl/ifb\df btf{ g} gu/L pt}af6 cfgf]

sf]7fdf k'ofpg] sfd ub}{ cfO/x]sf
5g\. o; cl3 klg u'?s'nnfO{ hUuf
lbg] sfddf klg lgs} rnv]n ePsf]
lyof]. b'O{ /f]kgL hUuf lbg] lg0f{o
dlGqkl/ifb\af6 ePsf]df % /f]kgL hUuf
gfk u/L pSt ;+:yfnfO{ -!* k}ofF
:Sjfo/ lkm6 clxn] g} ePsf] cj:yfdf_
() k};f :Sjfo/lkm6sf] b/n] #) jif{sf]
nflu lbg yfn]sf lyP. pSt sfo{df
k" j { k | w fgdGqLsf /fhgLlts
;Nnfxsf/sf] klg 7"n} xft /x]sf] lyof],
Tolta]nf. o;/L ljleGg ;dodf
ljleGg zlSts]Gb|nfO{ k|efjdf kfg]{
qmddf clxn]sf dGqL lgnd s]=;L=nfO{
klg unt l/kf]l6{ ub}{ ljleGg lg0f{odf
km;fO/x]sf 5g\. o;}aLr /fli6o ckf
sf]ifdf Gsf sf/0f ckftf ePsf
JolStxsf] k'g:yf{kgf kl/of]hgf
;~rfng ug{sf] nflu zflGt dGqfnoaf6
k|fKt ;xof]unfO{ g} cfgf] hflu/

hf]ufpg] xltof/ agfO/x]sf] 5. % s/f]8

k}ofFsf] k|nf]eg lbP/ pgn] ljleGg
JolStxnfO{ k|efjdf kfg]{ sfd
ul//x]sf 5g\. pSt kl/of]hgfdf sfd
ug{] sd{rf/Lx, sf]ifdf sfo{/t k'/fgf
sd{rf/LxnfO{ dfgl;s tgfa lbFb}
cfO/x] s f lgt] zs' d f/ u' o :Ktfn]
l6Kk0fLsf cfwf/df * hgf sd{rf/L
etL{ ug{ bafj lbP/ sf]ifnfO{ sd{rf/L
etL{ ug]{ ynf] agfO/x]sf 5g\. b'O{
jif{bl] v sfo{/t sd{rf/LxnfO{ Dofb
gyk]/ sfof{nodf cfjZostf geP
klg dw]zLd"nsf sd{rf/Lx yf]kf/]/
;+:yfnfO{ g} w/fkdf kfg{ uO/x]sf 5g\.
sd{rf/L egf{sf nflu dGqfnosf
;lrj, pk;lrj / kl/ifb\sf ;b:o
;lrjsf dfG5] /fVgnfO{ kmf]g cfPsf]
s'/f atfpg], sf]ifsf ;b:oxnfO{
kl/ifb\af6 hah:tL lg0f{odf ;xL
u/fpg bafj lbg] sfd klg eO/x]sf]
atfOPsf] 5.

ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}

s= dfcf]T;] t'

jif{ &, c+s #), h]7 !! ut] cfOtaf/ @)&!

;DkfbsLo

b;uhfdf dgkl/ ug{ gb]p

cGt/f{li6o sfg'gn] b;uhfsf] tLg lsnf]ld6/ j/k/ ef}lts k"jf{wf/
lgdf{0f ug{ k|ltaGw nufP klg ef/tn] b;uhf If]qd} km]l/ ;8s / afFw
lgdf{0f yfn]sf] 5. nId0fk'/ afFwsf] rf}tkmL{ lj/f]w ePkl5 g]kfn /
ef/taLr b'j} b]zsf] lxtdf x'g] eP dfq} Go"gtd * ld6/ j/k/ k"jf{wf/
agfpg kfOg] ;xdlt ePsf] lyof]. t/, clxn] lgdf{0ffwLg k"jf{wf/ s'g}
sf]0faf6 g]kfnsf] lxtdf 5}gg\. To;dfly oL k"jf{wf/ ;Ldf:tDesf] kfFr
ld6/af6} agfpg ;'? ul/Psf 5g\. ;8s / afFw lx/ldlgofFsf] euf]6gf
ufpFglhs} /x]sf] ;Ldf :tDe gDa/ @^ b]lv klZrdtkm{ b;uhfaf6 %
b]lv @% ld6/sf] b"/Ldf 5g\. ;8s # ld6/ prfOaf6 agfpg yflnPsf]
5, h;sf] rf}8fO !% ld6/ 5. To;;Fu} afFw klg agfO/x]sf] 5. of]
;8saf6 Ps}k6s b'O{j6f ;jf/L ;fwg cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ x'g ;S5g\. ca
ef/tn] PstkmL{ ?kdf l;dfgfdf agfPsf] nId0fk'/ afFwsf sf/0f a;]l{ g
8'afgsf] df/ v]K b} cfPsf] afFs]sf yk tLg uflj; / g]kfnuGh
gu/kflnsf;d]t 8'afgdf kg]{ lglZrt ePsf] 5. oL k"jf{wf/ ag]kl5
k|fs[lts ?kdf g]kfnaf6 ef/ttkm{ aUb} cfPsf /t}of / e3f]6gf gfnfsf]
kfgL y'lgP/ lx/ldlgof, lkk|xjf / ejfgLk'/ uflj; tyf g]kfnuGhsf
clwsf+z efu 8'afgdf kg{] ePsf 5g\. ;LdfjtL{ uflj; gu/kflnsf
glhs /x]sfn] g]kfnuGhdf kfgL k:g] lglZrt 5. ef/tn] agfpFb} u/]sf]
;8s agfpg rflxg] df6f];d]t g]kfnlt/}af6 nluPsf] 5. o;/L ef/tn]
Psnf}6L ;8s / afFw lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf] ljifodf ;/sf/ uDeL/ x'g'k5{.
;/sf/n] o; ljifodf tTsfn kxn lnO{ tTsfn pSt ;8s / afFw lgdf{0f
sfo{ /f]Sg' k5{.

aGg] eof], uf}td a'4 ladfg:yn

sf7df8f}F . e}/xjfdf cGt/fli6o
:t/sf] uf}tda'4 ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f
ug{ Pl;ofnL lasf; a}+s -Pl8aL_
n] tLg ca{eGbf a9L /sd ;xof]u
ug{] ePsf] 5. Pl8aLn] uf}tda'4
ladfg:yn lgdf{0fsf nflu tLg ca{
gf} s/f] 8 $) nfv k}o fF -##
ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/_ C0f /
cg'bfg ;xof]u ug{] ePsf] xf]. ;xof]u
/sd lbg] ;DaGw Pl8aL / g]kfn
;/sf/aLr ;Demf}tf kqdf x:tfIf/
ePsf] 5. cy{ d Gqfnosf
cGt/fli6o cfly{s ;xof]u ;dGjo
dxfzfvf k|dv
' dw's'df/ d/fl;gL /
Pl8aLsf b]z Lo lgb]{zs lslglr
of]s f] ofdfn] pSt ;Demf}tfkqdf
x:tfIf/ u/]sf x'g\. s'n (&=@!
ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/nfutsf] pSt
kl/of] h gfdf Pl8aLn] $@=&%
ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/ C0f / !%=&%
ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/ cg'bfg u/L
%*=%) ldlnog cd] l/sL 8n/
;xof]u ug]{ ePsf] xf]. afFsL /sd
cGt/f{li6o ljsf;sf nflu cf]k]s
sf]ifn] !% ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/
C0f pknAw u/fpg] 5. yk /sd
g]kfn gful/s pog k|flws/0fn]
Joxf]g]{ 5. ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf
gful/s pog dGqfnon] sfof{Gjog
ug{ ] pSt kl/of]hgfleq n'lDagL
ljsf; sf] ifn] tof/ ug{ ;kmf

;fj{hlgs oftfoft ;]jf;d]t kg]{

hgfOPsf] 5. kl/of]hgf ;g\ @)!&
h'g dlxgfsf] cGTodf ;lsg]5.
o;} a Lr, ;/sf/n] kf] v /fdf
ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf nflu lrlgofF
sDkgL l;PdP;;LnfO{ lhDdf
nufPsf] 5. g]kfn gful/s pog
k|flws/0f / l;PdP;;L sDkgLsf
k| l tlglwjLr kf] v /fdf If] q Lo
ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ug]{ ;Demf}tf ePsf]
5. xfn kf]v/fdf cfGtl/s p8fg
dfq x'Fb} cfPsf] 5. gofF ljdfg:yn
lgdf{ 0fkl5 kf]v /fdf cGt/f{ li6 o
p8fg;d]t ;'? x'g] atfOPsf] 5.
ljdfg:yn kf]v/fsf] lkms]{df lgdf{0f
x'g]5. ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf] s'n
nfut @! ca{ ^) s/f]8 k}ofF nfUg]
atfOPsf] 5. ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf
nflu lrlgofF PlShd a}+sn] ;x'lnot
C0f pknAw u/fpg] ePsf] 5.
;Demf}tf;Fu} kf]v/fdf If]qLo :t/sf]
ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f x'g] cfzf lkm/]sf]
5. kf]v /fdf If]q Lo ljdfg:yn
lgdf{0fsf kf]v/]nLxn] ;/sf/nfO{
7" n f] bafa lbF b } cfPsf lyP.
ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ug{ bafa lbFb}
kf] v /fsf ko{ 6g Joj;foL tyf
;/f]sf/jfnfx cg;g ;d]t a;]sf
lyP. pgLxn] /fhwfgLdf ;d]t
cfP/ ljdfg:yn lgdf{ 0 f ug{
;/sf/nfO{ bafa ;d]t lbPsf lyP.

lxdfnL k|f]hS] 6 s;sf nflu<

g] kfnsf pRr kxf8L If]q df

Joj;fo tyf lhljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/
cfof]hgf cGtu{t g]kfn ;/sf/ !%%
#& s/f]8 %! nfv, P;LofnL ljsf;
a}+s ^^% ! c/a ^% s/f]8 nfv
tyf nfeflGjt kIf !(% u/L hDdf
@ c/a %) s/f]8df ;+rflnt o;
cfof]hgfsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf
pNn]vLt a}+s lar @)^* ciff9
!# -@& h'g @)!!_ df ;Demf}tf eO{
! cS6'a/ @)!& ;Dd rfn' /xg]
5. lxdfnL k|f]h]S6 sf] d"n p2]Zo
pRr kxf8L lhNnfsf afl;Gbfxsf]
cfodf j[l4 ug]{ tyf lhljsf]kfh{gdf
;'wf/ Nofpg] xf]. of] cfof]hgf
k"jf{Grndf ;+v'jf;ef / ;f]n'v'Da'
dWo klZrdf~rndf 8f]Nkf, h'Dnf,
x'Dnf dWodf~rndf bf]nvf, /;'jf
tyf klZrddf dgf, d":tf u/L
hDdf bz lhNnfdf nfu' ePsf] 5.
lxdfnL k|fh
] S] 6 lxdfnL If]qdf a;f]af;
ug]{ lgDg cfo ePsf /fHo4f/f xd]zf
pk]Iffsf] b[li6n] x]/s
] f hgtfsf nflu
j/bfg xf]. o; cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo
adf]lhdsf] nlIft ju{ ;d"bfon] nfe
k|fKt ug{;s] lxdfnL e]usf hgtfsf]
;+s6 df]rg tyf k|ult lglZrt 5.
k+lQmsf/sf] u[ xlhNnf bf] nvf
ePsf] n ] cfof] hgf af/] lj:t[ t
hfgsf/L tyf lh1f;f :jefljs xf].
lj:t[t hfgsf/L x]t" lxdfnL k|f]h]S6
sfof{no xl/x/ ejg k'Ubf ;DaGwLt
clwsf/Lx ld6Ldf Jo:t /x]sf
hfgsf/L k|fKt eof]. nueu Ps
306f k|ltIff kZrft jl/i7 sfo{qmd
clws[t sf}zn s'df/ kf}8n
] ] hL ldl6
l;WofO{ sfo{sIfdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L
k|fKt eof], pxfFsf] r]Da/df k'uL
hfgsf/Lsf] qmddf cfgGb kf]v/]n
tyf tf/f sf]O/fnfn] klg k|kf]hn
xfNg] ;'gLof], :d/0f /xf];\ cfgGb
kf]v/]n bf]nvf If]q g+= @ af6 lahoL
Pdfn] pDd] bjf/ x/g\ eg] tf/f
sf]O/fnf bf]nvf If]q g+= @ af6
;+ljwfg;ef r'gfjdf k/fhLt sf+u;
]| L
pDd]bjf/ tyf bf]nvf lhNnf sf+u|];
;efklt x'g. jl/i7 sfo{qmd clws[t

cd/bLk df]Stfg

Ho" ;ef;b cfgGb kf]v/]n tyf

bf] n vf sf+ u | ] ; ;efklt tf/f
sf]O/fnfsf] k|kf]hnsf] Jou|tf k"j{s
k| ltIff u/LPsf] dxz'z ul/of] .
k+lQmsf/n] jl/i7 sfo{qmd clws[t
k| Zg uof] lhNnfnfO{ k|fKt x' g]
hg;/f] s f/sf cfof] h gf af/]
hgtfnfO{ ;';'rLt ug'{kg]{ nlIft
ju{nfO{ clws ;] clws ;xeflutfsf
nflu k|]l/t ug'k{ g]{ g]tf Ho" obL :jo+n]
g} k|kf]hn xfNg] s'/f ug{ 7Ls gePsf]
eGbf jl/i7 clws[tn] cg'xf/ /ftf]
agfpFb} g] tfxn]] k|kf] hn xfNg'
kfpFb}gg\ egL sxfF n]vLPsf] 5, u}/
lhDd]jf/ pQ/ lbg' eof]. pNn]vLt
k|;n] g]kfndf /lte/ kl/jt{g g
cfPsf] ljutdf k|hftGq, nf]stGq
gfdfs/0f ePsf] kl/jt{g eGbf klg
b'lift u0ftGqsf] cfudg ePsf] tkm{
O+lut ub{5. hgtfsf nflu nlIft
sfo{ q md tyf of] h gf dfyL
g] t fxxn] lu4] b[ l i6 /fVg'
b"ef{Uok"0f{ xf]. d]/f] sbflk cf;o lyPg
sL g]tfxn] Jofkf/ ug{ kfpFb}gg
cy{{ sdfpg kfpFbg} g egL g]tf gfdn]
z'zf]l;t eO;s]kl5 hgtfn] w]/}
dfof tyf e/f];f u/]/ g]tf gfdn]
lbPsf x'g elg a'g h?/L 5. g]tfn]
hgtfk| l tsf] st{ A o tyf
hjfjb]xLnfO{ a'g' kb{5. g]tf /fi6
tyf hgtfk|lt ;dlk{t x'g] cfb/0fLo
kfq xf]. l5d]sL /fi6 ef/tsf eflj
k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| df]bL ;+;b ejg
k|j]z ubf{ 3'F8f 6]s]/ gdg u/]sf]
b[Zon] ljZj hgdf;nfO{ cfZro{
rsLt agfof]. ef/lto hgtf kf6L{
;+;bLo ;dLlt4f/f ;j{;DdtLn] g/]Gb|
df]bLnfO{ k|wfdGqLdf rog kZrft
u/]sf] ;+jf]wgdf g/]Gb| df]bLn] ;+;b
ejg nf]stGq sf] kljq dlGb/ ePsf]
tyf hgtfn] dnfO{ k|wfgdGqL kbdf
k' ofPsf]d f cfb/0fLo hgtfnfO{
wGojfb lbg rfxfG5, d hgtfsf]
;]js x'F, hgtfsf] lk9f d]/f] kL9f
d]/f] xf] egL ;f/ujL{t efif0f u/].

g]kfn /fi6sf] lj8Djgf s] 5 eg]

g]tfx ;+;bnfO{ b|Ao ;+sng ug]{
s]Gb| tyf hgtfnfO{ dxfd"v{ ;DemLg]
k|j[lQsf sf/0f g]kfndf ;dfgtf
:yflkt x'g g;s]sf] xf]. ljutsf]
/fHo;Qfsf] ;do h:t} jt{dfgsf
g]tfxn] hgtfsf nfuL nlIft
ul/Psf sNof0fsf/L of]hgf dfyL lu2]
b[ l i6 /fVg' n fO{ hgtf k| l tsf]
hjfjb]xLdf uDeL/ gx'g' xf].
lxdfnL k|fh
] S] 6sf nflu P;LofnL
ljsf; a}+saf6 k|fKt x'g] ! c/a ^%
s/f] 8 k} o fF g] kfn ;/sf/nfO{
;x'lnot b/df k|fKt x'g] C0fsf] /sd
xf] elg a'g' h?/L 5, g]kfn;Fu
s/f/ eP adf]lhd pNn]lvt /sd
g]kfn ;/sf/n] ltg'{ kg]{ 5. ljutdf
klg hgtfsf :t/f] G glt tyf
ljsf;sf nflu ufpF ufpFdf y'k|}
sfo{qmd tyf of]hgfx cfP t/
gLlt c;n eP klg c;n lgotn]
sfo{ ;Dkfbg gePsf] x'Fbf slyt
;'wf/sf sfo{qmdxn] ;sf/fTds
kl/0ffd lbg ;s]g, kl/0ffd z'Go ;fy}
g]kfnnfO{ yk C0f ef/ ylkof].
lxdfnL k|fh
] ]S6sf] p2]Zo tyf of]hgf
af/] nfu' ePsf !) lhNnfsf ;Lldt
JolQm tyf ;+ : yfxnfO{ dfq
hfgsf/L /x]sf] clwsf+z hgtf o;
sNof0fsf/L of]hgf af/] cgld1 /x]sf]
kfOof]. xfn;Dd lxdfnL k|fh
] ]S64f/f
lbOPsf] cg" bfgdf Iflq, a|f Xd0f
;d"bfo cu|df kb{5g\. pRr lxdfnL
If] q sf jfl;Gbfsf nflu nlIft
sfo{ qmddf lglZrt kn] pRr
lxdfnL e]usf cflbjf;L nfeflGjt x'g'
kg]{ xf] t/ lxdfnL k|fh
] S] 6 sf] @)!@.!#
sf] alif{s k|ltj]bgn] u}/ lxdfnL If]qsf
afl;Gbf a9L nfeflGjt ePsf]
tYofsn] cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo tyf
;kmntf dfyL k|Zg lrGx nfu]sf] 5<
lxdfnL k| f ] h] S 6 t dfq Ps
pbfx/0f xf] ljleGg dGqfno4f/f
lhNnfnO{ k| fKt x'g] sNof0fsf/L
of]hgfxsf] nfe lhNnfsf g]tf,

sfo{stf{ tyf lhNnf ;b/d"sfd

s]lGb|t eO{ a:g] l;dlt 6f7f af7fsf]
emf]nfdf kg]{ ub{5. cfof]hgf4f/f
nlIft ju{ ;' r gfsf] cefjdf
nfeaf6 j+lrt x'g] ub{5g\. ;Lldt
g]tf, ;Lldt ju{ ;d"bfon] dfq
hfgsf/L k|fKt tyf nfe lnPsf
sf/0f hgtfsf]:t/df 7"nf] km/s
:ki6 kdf b]lvG5. of]hgfx t
cfpF5g\ emGem6Lnf] k|lqmofn] ubf{
klg nlIft ju{n] To;sf] kmfObf lng
kfpFb}gg\. lxdfnL k|b]zsf] cfof]hgf
kl/ro k'l:tsfdf :ki6 kdf pRr
lxdfnL e]usf hgtf k|d'v nlIft
;'lrdf /x]sf] pNn]v 5. cyf{t pRr
lxdfnL e]udf a;f]af; ug]{ ax';V+ os
cflbjf;L hgtfk|lt nlIft /x]sf]
a'lemG5. lxdfnL k|fh
] S] 64f/f sDkgL,
;d"x tyf ;xsf/LnfO{ klg cg'bfg
lbg] elgPsf] 5, pRr e]udf a:g]
lxdfnL e]usf hgtfsf] sDkgL ;d"x
tyf ;xsf/Ldf Go"g pkl:yt ePsf]n]
:jtM nfe s;sf] kIfdf hfg] xf]
;/ntfsf cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5.
lxdfnL k|fh
] S] 6sf sf/0f lxdfnL If]qsf
e"dL dfly u}/ lxdfnL If]qsf] 7"nf]
cltqmd0fsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ gsfg{
;lsGg tyf ;f]emf ;femf lxdfnL
e]usf hgtfsf] sfFwdf aGb's /fvL
u}/ lxdfnL If]qsf rt'/xn] nfe
k|fKt ug]{ b]lvG5. lxdfnL k|f]h]S6
@)!! df z'? ePsf] tyf @)!&
;Dd /xg] @)!& kZrft c/af}F k}ofF
vr{ ePsf cg'bfgsf] cg'udg x'g]
jf gx'g] laifodf lxdfnL k|fh
] S] 6 df}g
5. P;LofnL ljsf; a}s
+ tyf g]kfn
;/sf/n] lnPsf] p2]Zo adf]lhd pRr
lxdfnL If]qsf afl;Gbfn] aNn aNn
k|fKt ePsf] sNof0fsf/L of]hgfsf]
a9L nfe kfpg' kb{5. k|lqmofdf
;/ntf tyf lxdfnL If]qsf hgtfsf]
a9L eGbf a9L ;xefuL x'g kfpg]
jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f u/L w]/} ;+Vofdf
pRr lxdfnL e]usf hgtfn] nfe
k|fKt ug{ ;s] dfq lxdfnL k|f]h]S6
;kmn ePsf] k|dfl0ft x'g]5.

8fF8fvs{, bf]nvf

ljZjsf d'Vo cf/f]x0faf/] cg'ej ;d]l6Psf] k':ts Pe/]i6 ;fj{hlgs

sf7df8f} F . Pkf] k] of ;+: yfsf]
cfof]hgfdf ljZjsf] ;jf]{Rr lzv/
;u/dfyf nufot ljZjsf d'Vo
;ld6 cf/f]x0faf/] cg'ej ;d]l6Psf]
Pe]/]i6 gfds k':ts /fhwfgL
af]uf]6f l8;Ldf Ps ;df/f]xsf aLr
;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5.
k' : tssf
n] v s
sf]nf]lDaofnL gful/s
h'cfg kfAnf] ?Oh ;g\
@))! / ;g\ @))& df
;jf]{Rr lzv/ ;u/dfyf
cf/f] x 0f ug{ ;kmn
ePsf lyP. Pkf]k] of
sf]nf]lDaof ;+ :yfsf
;+ : yfks ;b:o;d] t
/x] s f n] v s h' c fg
kfAnf]sf] g]t[Tjdf ;g\
@)!) df sf]nf]lDaog
;d"x lnP/ ;u/dfyf
cf/f] x0f ug{ uPsf
lyP. ;g\ @)!) df
h' c fg kfAnf] *!))
ld6/sf] prfOdf k'u]/
k| f lalws sf/0fn]
cf/f] x 0f ug{ g;sL
;u/dfyf clGtd cfwf/
l;lj/af6 kms{g' k/]sf] cg'ej ;'gfP.
;g\ @)!) df lzv/df k'Ug c;kmn
/x] tfklg u|'kdf /x]sf sf]nf]lDaofnL
gful/s g] N;g sf8{ g fn] ;kmn
cf/f]x0f u/]sf lyP. g]N;g sf8{gf
zf/Ll/s kdf ckf+u x'g\. n]vs
h' c fg kfAnf] ?Oh cy{ z f:qdf
:gftsf]Q/ x'g\ eg] jg tyf jftfj/0f
ljifodf ;d]t ljUotf xfl;n u/]sf

h'cfg Sofl6g cd]l/sL d'n'sdf

jftfj/0f lj1sf] kdf !@ jif{ ljZj
a}+ssf] dftxtdf /x]/ sfd u/]sf
5g\. ;g\ !(($ b]lv oxfFsf] /fli6o
b} l gs Pn P;k] t f{ 8 f] / df
:tDesf/s kdf ;d]t /x]sf 5g\

Pe]/:] 6 k':tssf n]vs h'cfg kfAnf]

?Ohn] cfgf] hLjgsfndf b'O{ k6s
;jf]{Rr l;v/ ;u/dfyf cf/f]xg ug{
;kmn ePsf]df ;Dk"0f{tf wGojfb lbFb}
g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts dgf]/d b[Zon] ;w}F
cfk"mnfO{ df]lxt agfO/x]sf] pNn]v ub}{

sf]nf]lDaofaLr w]/} s'/f ldNbf]hN' bf] nfUg],

g]kfnL vfg bfn eftsf] k|z;+ f ub}{
cfufdL eljiodf g] k fn /
sf]nf]lDaofaLrsf] ldqtfnfO{ cem a9L
k|uf9 agfpg cfk"mn] ;Sbf] sf]l;; ug{]
atfP. sfo{qmddf Ps dfq g]kfnL

sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cfltly e"tk"j{

sf]nf]lDaog jftfj/0f dGqL dfg'Pn
/f]lb|u]h a];]/fn] k':ts ;fj{hlgs
ub}{ k':tsaf/] l6Kk0fL ug]{ ePsf]
lyof] . csf{ ljlzi7 cltly
:jLh/Nof08 gful/s df]l/;n] k':ts
k|sfzgsf] lglDt awfO{ lbFb} k':tsn]
efjL lkF9Lsf] lglDt cWoog ug{
sf];]9'+uf ;fljt x'g] atfP. cGTodf

g]kfnLxsf] :jfut ;Tsf/ slxn] klg

e'Ng g;lsg] atfP. ;u/dfyf
cf/f]x0fsf qmddf lxdfnL e]usf z]kf{
;fyLxnfO{ slxn] e'Ng g;lsg] /
ljutdf ;xof]u k'ofpg' x'g] bf]hL{ UofGqL
z]kf{ lxd klx/f]df k/L b]xaf;g ePsf]
va/n] dnufot ;Dk"0f{ Pkf]ko] f l6d
:tAw /x]sf] ;'gfpFb,} d[tssf] cfTdfsf]
lr/zflGtsf] sfdgf u/. g]kfn /

5qaxfb'/ d}gfnL / pxfFsf] kTgL dfl/of

Pddf d}gfnLsf] pkl:yltn] sfo{qmdsf]
zf]ef a9]sf]df d~raf6} wGojfb lbP.
k':tsdf ;u/dfyf ;g\ !((& b]lv
;g\ @)!) nufot b]gfnL -cnfSsf
@)!@_ leG;g -ci6f/l6sf @)!#_
;Ddsf] cf/f]xg cg'ej ;d]6/] ToxfFsf]
ef} u f] l ns, ;fdflhs, cfly{ s
cj:yfnufot pNn]v u/]sf 5g\.

Gofofno l;Wofpg /lrPsf] u'?of]hgf

;jf]{Rr cbfntsf nflu Gofo
kl/ifb\ f/f l;kmfl/; ul/Psf
GofofwLzxsf] gfddf cfh ;j{q
lj/f]w ePsf] 5. ;+;bLo ;'g'jfO{
;ldltjf6 ;j{;xdltn] k|:tfljt
gfdx Kffl/t x'g ;s]sf] 5}g.
GofofwLz lgo'lQm h:tf] ;+j]bgzLn

lsg /0fjxfb'/nfO{ lgisfzg ug{] kxn

u/]gg\< km]l/ pgsf] xTofdf ;+nUg
bf] ifLxnfO{ lsg k| qmfp ug{ /
ltgnfO{ sfjf{xL ug{ ;lsPg< k|x/Lsf]
5fgljgn] g]kfnsf lzif{ g]tf afj'/fd
e6\6/fO{ / ljho uR5fbf/ g} ad
xTdfdf ;+nUg ePsf] kQf nfUof] egL

cfgf] oxL :jfy{nfO{ k"/f ug{ ljljw

gf6s d+rg ul//x]sf 5g\. ct
GofofwLz /0fjxfb'/ adsf] xTof k|s/0f
klg g]kfnsf] GofofnonfO{ l;Wofpg]
u' ?of]hgfcGtu{t /lrPsf] Pp6f
36gf xf]. of] 36gfn] w]/} ;Gb]z lbg
vf]h]sf] 5.

o'j/fh ;kmn
k|wfg GofofwLzsf] g]tT[ jdf ;/sf/
u7g u/L ;jf]R{ r cbfntsf] sfd
sfjf{xLdf cgfjZos x:tIf]k ug]{
of]hgf d'tfljs /]UdL ;/sf/ /x'Gh]n
s'g} klg ljifodf lgikIf 5fgljg /
km};nf ePg. ;/sf/ lj/f]wL ePsf
hlt klg ph'/L dfly lgikIf 5fgljg
gu/L To;nfO{ /2Lsf] 6f]s/Ldf kmflnof]
. cem egf}F PskIfLo km}:fnf
ul/of]. o;n] ubf{ g]kfnL Gofosf]
If]qdf 7"nf] c;/ uof]. o;af6 s]
k|i6 x'G5 eg] g]kfnsf] Gofo If]qnfO{
sdhf]/ kfg{ ljb]zL zlQm / :jb]zL zlQm s]Gb|x nflu k/]sf lyP.
lvn/fh /]UdLnfO{ dltof/ agfP eg] ;f] sbddf g]kfnL /fhgLlts
zlQmxnfO{ ;Sbf] pkof]u u/].
)))))
/fhgLlts bnx klg Gofofno l;Wofpg] ofqfdf dltof/ x'g' GofofwLz lgo'lQm
k|s/0fnfO{ w]/n
} ] cgf}7f] kdf lnPsf 5g\. Ps kIf :jLsfg]{ / csf]{ kIf h;/L klg
c:jLsf/ ug]{ kIfdf plePsfn] cfdgful/sx bf]wf/df k/]sf 5g\. t/, w'j|;To s'/f
s] xf] eg] ljutdf ePsf ljleGg k|s/0fdf klg o:t} ePsf] lyof]. ljjfbsf] gf6skl5
;j} /fhgLlts kf6L{xn] ;dy{g hgfpg] u/]sf] tYonfO{ s;}n] l5kfpg ;Sb}g.
h:tf] nf]sdfg k|s/0fdf g]skf Pdfn]nufotsf kf6L{xn] klxnf v'j lj/f]w u/] t/
kl5 To;nfO{ cg'df]bg u/]/} 5f8]. of] GofofwLz lgo'lQm k|s/0f klg bf];f| ] nf]sdfg
k|s/0f xf]. h;/L nf]sdfg k|s/0fdf clVtof/ k|d'v x'g s/f]8f}Fsf] rnv]n eof].
To:t} GofofwLz lgo'lQmdf klg s/f]8f}Fsf] rnv]n ePsf] 5. ljz]ift 7"nf bnxn]
o; k|s/0fdf s/f]8f}F /sdsf] z'enfe kfPsf 5g\. ;fgf kf6L{xn] klg ;f]xLcg';f/
kfPsf 5g\. of] s]jn ljb]zL O;f/fdf / bjfjdf ul/Psf] sfo{ xf]. r'krfk ;dy{g ubf{
hgtfsf] lj/f]w v]Kg kg]{ x'bF f s]xL kf6L{x lj/f]wdf plqPsf 5g\. x]b}{ hfp pgLx
s]xL lbgkl5 nqSs nq]/ Gofokl/ifb\n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] gfdxnfO{ cg'df]bg ug{
afWo x'g] 5g\. Toltv]/ s;}sf] rfgL / kmnfd] c8fgn] sfd ug]{ 5}g.
ljifonfO{ ljjfb / c;xdltsf] ljifo
agfO{ Gofo kl/ifb\, ;+;bLo ;'g'jfO{
;ldlt / tdfd /fhgLlts bnxn]
hut x;fpg] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ .
o;/L cfjZostfeGbf a9L ljjfb
l;h{ g f ePkl5 cfd gful/s
GofofwLzxsf] l;kmfl/; k|s/0fjf/]
s]xL hfGg / a'em\g vf]hL /x]sf 5g\.
t;y{ GofofwLz lgo'lQm k|s/0f /
g]kfnsf] Gofofno l;Wofpg /lrPsf]
u'?of]hgf jf/] ;+If]kdf rrf{ ubf{
;fGble{s xf]nf.
k| y d u' ? of] h gf GofofwLz ad
xTof k|s /0f
Gf] kfnsf] Gofofno l;Wofpg
kbf{k5fl8 w]/} rnv]nx ePsf
lyP. t/ b]lvg] / cg'ej ug]{ u/L
s]xL 36gfx ePsf 5g\. To;sf]
HjnGt pbfxf/0f xf], ;jf]{ Rrsf
GofofwLz /0faxfb'/ jdsf] xTof
ul/g'. ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf sfo{/t
GofofwLz /0faxfb'/ jdsf] ljleGg
cf/f]kdf xTof eof]. pgL dfly dxf
cleof]u nufP/ x6fpg k5{ eGg]
s' / f ;d] t p7\ o f] . ;/sf/sf]
cflwsfl/s 5fgljgn] pgNffO{ ;fFRr}
bf]ifL b]vfPsf] eP lsg sfaf{xL ug{
;s]g< /0faxfb' ljjflbt GofofwLz
g} lyP eg] pgn] u/]sf ljjflbt
sfo{x cfd g]kfnL hgtfsf] jLrdf
lsg ;fj{ hlgs ug{ ;lsPg<
;jf]R{ rsf tTsfnLg k|wfg GofofwLzn]

s]xL ;+rf/ dfWodxn] vj/ ;fj{hlgs

u/], o;df lsg 5fgljg ePg< Pp6f
lhDd]jf/ JolQmdfly Toqf] GofofwLz
xTofsf] cleof]u nfUbf afa'/fd e6\6/fO{
/ uR5fbf/x lsg d' v vf] Ng
rflx/x]sf 5}gg\< o:tf k|Zgxn] w]/}
lh1f;fx hGdfPsf] 5.
Kf|: t' t dfly pNn]v ul/Psf
ljifoj:t' t s]jn rrf{sf nflu dfq
p7fOPsf] xf]. jf:tljs kdf eGg]
xf] eg] g]kfnsf] Gofofno sdhf]/
agfO{ cfgf] :jfy{ k'/f ug{ rfxg]
b]zL tyf ljb]zL zlQm s]Gb|xsf]
k|ToIf u'?of]hgfdf ad xTofsf08
/lrPsf] xf] . o;jf6 ;jf] {R rsf
GofofwLzxnfO{ ltdLx ;'/lIft
5}gf} hltv]/ hf] ;'s}af6 hxfFklg /
hlta]nf klg dfl/g ;S5f} eGg] ;Gb]z
lbg vf]lhPsf] 5 / rfx]sf] a]nfdf
@$ ldg]6leq d} ltd|f] Hofg lng
;S5f} eGg] ;Gb]z lbg klg vf]lhPsf]
5. ;du|df x]bf{ h] hlt sf/0fn]
/0faxfb'/sf] xTof ul/Psf] eP klg
o;sf] Psdfq p2]Zo eg]sf] g]kfnsf]
GofonfO{ sdhf]/ agfpb} l;Wofpg'
g} xf]. Gofofno sdhf]/ agfP/
ljleGg :jfy{ k'/f ug{ g} o:tf ljleGg
36gfx 36fOPsf 5g\.
cem egf}F g]kfnsf] ;jf]R{ r cbfnt
h:tf] Goflos If]qdf cg]s k|k~r /rL
Gofo If]qnfO{ tx;gx; kfg]{ b]zL ljb]zL
zlQm s]Gb|xsf] k|of; xf]. pgLx

axfnjfnf k| w fgGofofwLznfO{
;/sf/ k|d'v agfpg] k|s/0f
To:t} u/L g] kfnsf] Gofofno
sdhf]/ kfg]{ u'?of]hgfcGtu{t )^(
kmfNu"0f #) ut] tTsfnLg tLg bn
/ dw] z L df] r f{ j Lr axfnjfnf
tTsfnLg k|wfgGofofwLz lvn/fh
/]UdLsf] g]t[Tjdf clGt/d r'gfjL
dGqLkl/ifbsf] u7g ug] { lg0f{ o
ul/of]. tTsfnLg ;+ljwfg;efsf]
;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn Plss[t g]skf
dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ / To; kf6L{sf cWoIf
k'iksdn bfxfn k|r08 cfkm}n
F ] x]6f}F8f
dxflwj]zgdfkm{t k|wfg Gofoflwzsf]
g]t[Tjsf] r'gfjL ;/sf/ u7g ug{
kg]{ wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP. Tof] ;fob
pgn] ljb]zL zlQm s]Gb| / ltgLxsf]
of]hgfdf axfnjfnf k|wfgGofoflwzsf]
g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ u7g u/L Gofofno
sdhf]/ agfpg] / lvn/fh /]UdLnfO{
r' g fa kl5 3/ k7fO{ 5f] 6 f]
;dosfosf] nflu bfdf]b/ zdf{nfO{
k| w fgGofofwLz agfO{ To;kl5
ljjflbt GofofwLz uf]kfn k|;fbnfO{
k|wfg GofofwLz agfO{ cfgf] :jfy{
k'/f u/L g]kfnL Gofo If]qnfO{ Wj:t
kfg]{ if8\oGqsf] tfgfjfgf a'lgof] /
;f]xL cg';f/sf] ultljlw ul/of].
oxL u'?of]hgf adf]lhd tTsfNfLg
tLg bn / dw]zL df]rf{sf g]tfxnfO{
ljb]zdf af]nfO{ klxnf g} axfnjfnf
k|wfg GofofwLznfO{ ;/sf/ k|d'v

agfpg] ;xdlt eO{ ;s]sf] lyof].

To;df lzif{ g]tfxsf] ;xdlt lyof]
/ bf];|f] k':tfsf g]tfxnfO{ eg] s'g}
hfgsf/L lyPg ;f]xL sf/0f bf];|f]
k':tfsf g]tfxn] k|wfg GofofwLzsf]
g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ u7g ug]{ s'/fsf]
;j{q lgGbf u/] . t/ hlt lgGbf
u/] k lg cGtt 7" n f egfpbf
/fhgLlts zlQmx zlQm
k[ y sLs/0fsf] l;fGt lj?4
Gofokflnsf / sfo{kflnsfsf] k|d'v
Pp6} JolQmnfO{ agfpg x'Fb}g eGbf
eGb} k|wfg GofofwLznfO{ g} ;/sf/
k|d"v agfpg ;xdt eP. cfgf]
bfloTj k"/f u/L lvn/fh /]UdL 3/
uO;s]sf 5g\.
k| wfg GofofwLzsf] g] t[ Tjdf
;/sf/ u7g u/L ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf]
sfd sfjf{xLdf cgfjZos x:tIf]k
ug]{ of]hgf d'tfljs /]UdL ;/sf/
/x'Gh]n s'g} klg ljifodf lgikIf
5fgljg / km};nf ePg. ;/sf/
lj/f]wL ePsf hlt klg ph'/L dfly
lgikIf 5fgljg gu/L To;nfO{ /2Lsf]
6f]s /Ldf kmflnof] . cem egf} F
PskIfLo km}:fnf ul/of]. o;n] ubf{
g]kfnL Gofosf] If]qdf 7"nf] c;/
uof]. o;af6 s] k|i6 x'G5 eg]
g]kfnsf] Gofo If]qnfO{ sdhf]/ kfg{
ljb]zL zlQm / :jb]zL zlQm s]Gb|x
nflu k/]sf lyP. lvn/fh /]UdLnfO{
dltof/ agfP eg] ;f] sbddf g]kfnL
/fhgLlts zlQmxnfO{ ;Sbf] pkof]u
u/].
sltko ljb]zL zlQm s]Gbx
Gf]kfnsf] Gofo If]q lkmtnf] / sfd
gnfUg] ePsf] b]Vg rfxG5g\, Gofofno
ljjflbt ePsf] x]g{ rfxG5g\. ;jf]R{ r
cbfntn] ug] { x/] s lg0f{ o dfly
rnv]n u/L cfgf] :jfy{ l;4 ug{
rfxGy]. cem g]kfnL /fhgLlts
kf6L{sf g]tfx klg g]kfnsf] Gofofno
sdhf]/ kfg{ kfP 7"nf] rnv]n ug{
kfOGYof] eGg] s'/fdf bfp x]/]/ a;sf
lyP / ;f]xL sf/0f axfnjfnf k|wfg
GofofwLzsf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ u7g
ul/of] / Gofofno sdhf]/ kfg]{
u'?of]hgf tof/ ul/of].
s' g} klg b] zsf] /fli6o tf /
/fli6o :jflwgtfsf] /Iff ug{ ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5.
sdhf] / / ljjflbt JolQmnfO{
k|wfgGofofwLz lgo'Qm ubf{ c?s}
kIfdf km};nf ug]{ ;Defjgf k|jn
x' G 5. h:tf] ef/tLoxn] a' 4
ef/tdf hlGdPsf] egL /x]sf 5g\
dfgf} ef]nL cbfntdf of] ljifodf
d"2f k/]sf] v08df cbftnn] a'4
ef/td} hlGdPsf] egL km};nf uof]
eg] To;sf] ;fdgf ug]{ zlQm xfdL
;Fu /xG5 /xFb}g eGg] s'/f s;}nfO{
yfxf 5}g.
;jf ] { R rsf cf 7 c:yf oL
GofofwLzsf] Dofb gyKg'
Gf]kfnsf] Gofofno ToxLFdfly
;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ sdhf]/ kfg]{
u'?of]hgfcGtu{t g} ;jf]R{ r cbfntsf
cf7 c:yfoL GofofwLzxsf] Dofb
ylkPg. /fd|f] sfo{ ug],{ ;Ifd, of]Uo
/ ljleGg dxTjk"0f{ ljifoxdf b]z /
hgtfsf] kIfdf P]ltxfl;s km};nf ug]{
tL GofofwLzxsf] Dofb gykL
pgLxnfO{ 3/ k7fO{ l/Qm :yfgdf
ljjfbf:kb, c;Ifd / cof] U o
GofofwLzxnfO{ leq\ofpg] rnv]n
k|f/De ug{ g} c:yfoL GofofwLzxsf]
Dofb gylkPsf] xf]. /fi6 / hgtfsf]
kIfdf km};nf ug]{ GofofwLzxsf]
sfo{jf6 ql;t Pjd\ eoljt ePsf
tx / tKsfdf /x]sf dflkmofx Hf;/L
ePklg c:yfoL GofofwLzxsf] Dofb
gyKg ljleGg zlQm s]Gb|xdf nlj
ul//x]sf lyP. kmn:jk c:yfoL
GofofwLzx ;jf]R{ rdf sfd ug]{ wf]sf]
kfn]/ 3/ kms{g ljjz eP.

ljjf bf :kb
J olQmnf O{
;jf ] { R rsf ]
Gof of wLzdf
l;kmfl/; ug' {
kl5Nnf] ;dodf Gofokl/ifb\f/f
l;kmfl/; ul/Psf ;jf]{Rrsf cf7
GofofwLzxsf] gfdk|lt ljjfb pTkGg
ePsf] 5. g]kfnsf] Gofo If]qnfO{
txz gxz kfg]{ / Gofo If]qnfO{
ljb]zLsf :jfy{Dff k|of]u ug]{ x]t'sf
;fy ljjfbf:kb JolQmnfO{ GofofwLzdf
l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] s'/f b'Flgof ;fd'
l5k]sf] 5}g. Gofokl/ifb\n] l;kmfl/;
u/]sf] gfdk|lt ;'g'jfO{ ug]{ qmddf
b'OltxfO{ eGbf a9L ;b:ox To;sf]
ljkIfdf plePsf 5g\. / pgLx
elg/x]sf 5g\ ljjflbt JolQmnfO{
;jf]{Rrsf] GofofwLz gagfp. t/
ljz]ift g]kfnL sfFu;
|] / s]xL ;fgf
bnx h;/L ePklg l;kmfl/;
ul/Psf JolQmxnfO{ GofofwLz agfO{
5f8\g] cleofgsf] bf}8w'kdf nfu]sf
5g\. cem k|wfgdGqL ;'lzn sf]O/fnf
eg] ljleGg dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ 5f]8L
ljjflbt GofofwLzxnfO{ cg"df]bg
ul/lbg cgfjZos nlj ub}{ lxF8g\
yfn]sf 5g\.
/fhgLlts bnx klg Gofofno
l;Wofpg] ofqfdf dltof/ x'g' GofofwLz
lgo'lQm k|s/0fnfO{ w]/n
} ] cgf}7f] kdf
lnPsf 5g\. Ps kIf :jLsfg]{ / csf]{
kIf h;/L klg c:jLsf/ ug]{ kIfdf
plePsfn] cfdgful/sx bf]wf/df
k/]sf 5g\. t/, w'j|;To s'/f s] xf]
eg] ljutdf ePsf ljleGg k|s/0fdf
klg o:t} ePsf] lyof]. ljjfbsf]
gf6skl5 ;j} /fhgLlts kf6L{xn]
;dy{g hgfpg] u/]sf] tYonfO{ s;}n]
l5kfpg ;Sb}g. h:tf] nf]sdfg
k| s/0fdf g] skf Pdfn]n ufotsf
kf6L{xn] klxnf v'j lj/f]w u/] t/
kl5 To;nfO{ cg'df]bg u/]/} 5f8].
of] GofofwLz lgo'lQm k|s/0f klg bf];f| ]

nf]sdfg k|s/0f xf]. h;/L nf]sdfg

k|s/0fdf clVtof/ k|dv
' x'g s/f]8f}s
F f]
rnv] n eof] . To:t} GofofwLz
lgo'lQmdf klg s/f]8f}s
F f] rnv]n ePsf]
5. ljz] ift 7" n f bnxn] o;
k|s/0fdf s/f]8f}F /sdsf] z'enfe
kfPsf 5g\. ;fgf kf6L{xn] klg
;f]xLcg';f/ kfPsf 5g\. of] s]jn
ljb]zL O;f/fdf / bjfjdf ul/Psf]
sfo{ xf]. r'krfk ;dy{g ubf{ hgtfsf]
lj/f]w v]Kg kg]{ x'Fbf s]xL kf6L{x
lj/f]wdf plqPsf 5g\. x]b}{ hfp
pgLx s]xL lbgkl5 nqSs nq]/
Gofokl/ifb\ n ] l;kmfl/; u/] s f]
gfdxnfO{ cg'df]bg ug{ afWo x'g]
5g\. Toltv]/ s;}sf] rfgL / kmnfd]
c8fgn] sfd ug]{ 5}g.
s] x L hgtfnfO{ nfUnf s] x L
kf6L{ x n] Gofokl/ifb\ n ] u/] s f]
ljjfbf:kb JolQmnfO{ GofofwLz
agfpg] s'/fsf] lj/f]w u/], t/ olb
s;}n] To:tf] ;f]R5 eg] Tof] unt
xf]. lsgsL lj/f]w klg Pp6f gf6s
xf], Pp6f s'6]h:tf] ug]{ clg csf]{
/f]P h:tf] ug]{ g]kfnL /fhgLlts
kf6L{xsf] a}wflgs wGbf g} xf]. oxL
wGbf rnfP/ cfh;Dd cfgf] kmf]xf]/L
/fhgLlt l6sfPsf 5g\. Ps kIf
l;kmfl/; ug]{ csf]{ kIf lj/f]w ug]{,
Pp6f ;dy{gsf] gf6s ug]{ csf]{
lj/f]w u/L 6f]kNg] clg clGtddf
;dy{g ug]{. s]xL kf6L{xn] ;:tf]
nf]slk|otfsf] nflu lj/f]w u/L /x]sf
5g\. ct /fhgLlts kf6L{xsf]
:ki6 c8fg / wf/0ff gx'Fbf tyf
ljb]zL O;f/fdf rNg] k|j[ltsf sf/0f
klg g]kfnL Gofo If]q sdhf]/ ePsf]
5. dflysf pNn]v ul/Psf ljleGg
u'?of]hgfxn] Gofo If]q l;Wofpg
e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] b]lvG5.

-n]vs g]kfn u0ftflGqs hgtf

kf6L{sf cWoIf x'g\ ._

xf]l;of/, cfk vfb} x'g'x'G5<

sf7df8f}F. clxn] g]kfnL ahf/ ef/tLo cfk 5\of5\KofKtL laqmL
ljt/0f e}/x]sf 5g\. em x]bf{ /fd|f] / /l;nf] b]lvPsf] e/df cfFk vfFb}
x'g'x'G5 eg] xf]l;of/ tkfO{n] vfg] Tof] cfFkn] tfut ge} laifsf] sfd
ug{;S5. udL{ df};d / x]b}{ lrNnf] /l;nf] cfk w]/}n] ;]jg ul//x]sf] x'g\
;S5 t/ clxn] ahf/df pknAw ef/tLo cfk vfg cof]Uo 5. dfgj
:jf:Yosf] nflu cToGt} xflgsf/s sfjf{O8 k|of]u u/]/ ksfOPsf] cfFk
/fhwfgLsf ahf/df 5\ofk5\ofktL laqmLljt/0f eO/x]sf] km]nf k/]sf] 5.
s'n]Zj/, sfnLdf6L tyf aNv'sf] kmnk"mnsf uf]bfdxdf cl3Nnf] /ft
sfaf{O8 k|of]u u/L ksfPsf cfFkx laxfg laqmLsf] nflu ahf/ n}hfg]
u/]sf] km]nf k/]sf] xf]. laxLaf/ laxfg s'nZ] j/af6 ;fOsndf cfFk laqmLsf]
nflu ahf/ lg:sFb} u/]sf ef/t kl6ofgL 3/ ePsf df]xDdb ldh'nn]
cfFkdf ljiffbL xfn]/ ksfOg] u/]sf] :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5. pgn] eg], xfdLn]
klg vl/b u/]/ n}hfg] xf] ;/, laxfg ;fOsndf nf]8 ubf{;Dd t tftf] g}
x'G5. sfaf{O8 gxfnL t tftf] x'Fb}g. ldh'n dfq} xf]Og, ahf/df cfFk
laqmL ug]{ laqm]tfx lem;ld;]d} cfFksf] uf]bfddf k'U5g, tftf], tftf]
cfFk nf]8 u5{ / ahf/lt/ bf}8fpF5g. tftf] x'g'sf] cy{ sfaf{O8 k|of]u
u/]/ ksfOPsf] eGg] k|dfl0ft x'G5. sfaf{O8af6 pTkfbg x'g] Pl;l6lng s k|sf/sf] Uof;_ n] sfFrf] kmnk"mn Ps} /ftdf ksfpg ;S5. o'/f]kdf
ef/tLo cfFk k|ltjaGw o'/f]lkog o'lgogn] cTolws sfaf{O8 k|of]u ul/Psf
sf/0f ef/tLo cfFkdfly k|ltaGw nufPsf] 5. ut d] ! ut]af6 nfu" x'g]
u/L cfufdL @)!% d] ! tfl/v;Ddsf] nflu ef/tLo cfFk k|ltaGw
nufOPsf] 5.

nlntk'/ ;L;Ll6eLsf] lgu/fgLdf

sf7df8f}+. nlntk'/sf $^ j6f ljleGg :yfgdf ;L;Ll6eL h8fg u/L
ultljlwxsf] lgu/fgL yflnPsf] 5. pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf] ;xof]udf
dxfgu/L k|x/L kl/;/n] ;L;Ll6eL h8fg u/L lgu/fgL ;'? u/]sf] xf].
hfjnfv]nsf k|x/L pk/LIfs -P;kL_ 3gZofd cof{nsf cg';f/ hfjnfv]n,
s'kG8f]n, dfgejg, nugv]n, d+unahf/, xl/x/ ejg, ;ftbf]af6f]nufot
!@ 
:yfgdf ;L;Ll6eL h8fg ul/Psf] 5. nlntk'/sf $^ j6f ljleGg
:yfgdf h8fg of]hgf /x]sf] cof{nn] atfP. nlntk'/sf ;Defljt cfk/flws
ultljlw x'g] :yfgdf lgu/fgL a9fOPsf] pgn] hgfP. a9L rxnkxn x'g]
/ ;+jb]gzLn If]qdf lgu/fgL s]lGb|t u/]sf 5f}F, P;kL cof{nn] eg]. ;a}
;L;Ll6eLsf] kl/;/ sG6f]n?daf6 lgu/fgL eO/x]sf] 5. pgsf cg';f/
;L;Ll6eL /x]sf] :yfgs} cf;kf;df ;Lcf/eL 6f]nL ;d]t vl6g]5. h8fg
ul/Psf] :yfgdf s'g} cfk/flws ultljlw eP vl6Psf] 6f]nLnfO{ tTsf{n
;Dks{ u/L lgoGq0fdf lng ;lsg] cfof{nn] atfP. sG6f]n ?ddf b'O{
hgfnfO{ @$ ;} 306f v6fPsf] 5. sG6f]n?ddf vl6g]n] 306f306fdf
;L;Ll6eLsf] /]s8{;lxt ;dLIff ug{] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5.

x]kf6fOl6; O sf] ;+qmd0f M s;/L aRg], arfpg]<

>Lw/ clwsf/L

r}tsf] cGTolt/af6 kmfk'mkdf

b]vfk/]sf Hepatities E n] clxn] k"jL{
g]kfnsf]] Ps k|dv
' zx/ lj/f6gu/df
k|sf]ksf] k lnPsf] 5 . ;dfrf/df
cfPcg';f/ a}zfv dlxgfsf] cGTo;Dd
bzhgfsf] d[To' eO;s]sf] 5 eg] s}o+ f}
of] efO/;n] cfqmd0f ubf{ kLl8t ePsf
5g\. la/fdL ;+Vof a9\g] / c:ktfndf
k/LIf0f ug{ cfpg]sf] ;+Vof 36\bf] geO{
a9\bf] qmddf /x]sf] ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{
atfO/x]sf 5g\ eg] sltko la/fdL
pkrf/sf nflu ef/ttkm{ klg uO/x]sf
5g\. t/, clxn];Dd klg of] /f]u k|sf]ksf]
kdf km}ng'sf] d'Vo sf/0f kQf nfu]sf]
5}g. z'?df s'Ded]nfsf sf/0f of] /f]u
km}lnPsf] elgof], kl5 vfg]kfgLdf 9n
ldl;Psf sf/0f km}lng;Sg] cg'dfg
ul/of]. clxn] km]l/ ;/;kmfOsf] sdLnfO{
sf/0fsf] kdf lnOPsf] 5. h;n]
h;/L ljZn]if0f u/] klg of] /f]u km}ng'df
kSs} klg jftfj/0fLo tyf JolStut
;/;kmfOsf] sdL g} xf] eGbf cltzof]lSt
gxf]nf. To;}n] t of] /f]u b]zsf cGo
k|dv
' zx/ hxfF 9n lgsf;sf] plrt
k|aGw 5}g, jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfOsf] sdL
5, kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] plrt Joj:yfkg 5}g,
vfg]kfgLsf] k|of]u hyfefjL eO/x]sf] ToxfF
km}ng ;Sg] x'b f ;dod} ;r]t x'g
:jf:Yo;u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] JolSt tyf
;+:yfxn] hf]8 lbO/x]sf 5g. clxn]
;a}sf] rf;f]sf] ljifosf kdf /x]sf]
Hepatitis E sf] ;+qmd0f cflv/ s] xf]
t< s;/L aRg] o;af6 rrf{ ug]{
;fGble{s g} xf]. xfdL k|foMnfO{ yfxf g}
xf]nf Liver -sn]hf]_ xfd|f] z/L/sf]

;a}eGbf 7"nf] u|GyL xf]. h'g xfd|f] k]6sf]

bflxg] / dflyNnf] efudf cjl:yt x'G5.
h;n] k|fl] 6g, of6, sfaf{x] fO86] sf] d]hf
Metabolism ug{, ljleGg lsl;dsf
cf}iflwnufot dlb/fnfO{ ;d]t ljif/lxt
ug{,] lkQsf] >fj ug],{ Vitamin A, D,
E / K sf] ;fy} If\ron / Copper sf]
e08f/0f ug],{ tfk pTkGg ug]{ h:tf
sfo{x u5{. sn]hf] rf/j6f ljleGg
v08 (Lobes) df ljeflht x'G5. h'g
(Lobes) x ljz] i f lsl;dsf
sf]ifxaf6 ag]sf x'G5, h;nfO{
Hepatocytes elgG5, ltg} sf]ifxdf
ljleGg sf/0fxn] ;+qmd0f eO{ zf]y x'g'
g} Hepatitis xf]. Hepatitis u/fpg]
virus x A, &
M
o ,
C, D, / E d'Vo x'g,\ oL virus afx]s
cGo sf/0fn] klg Hepatitis x'g ;S5.
pk/f]St virus xdWo] Hepatitis E
clxn] k"jL{ g]kfndf k|sf]ksf] kdf
b]vfk/]sf] 5. ;j{ky| d ;g\ !((% df
ef/tsf] gofF lbNnLdf of] efO/; klxrfg
ePsf] lyof]. h;sf] cfsf/ 29-32 nm
dfq x'G5. clxn] cfP/ of] virus ljZjsf
vf;u/L cljsl;t b]zxdf a9L dfqfdf
b]vfk/]sf] 5. WHO sf cg';f/ of]
efO/;af6 ljZjdf a;]l{ g b'O{ s/f]8
;+qmldt x'g] / %& xhf/sf] o;;u}
;DalGwt d[To' x'g] ub{5. g]kfnsf] s'/f
ug'k{ bf{ ;g\ !(&# /fhwfgL zx/df s/Lj
!) xhf/ hgfdf of] efO/;sf] ;+qmd0f
ePsf] lyof]. To;}u/L ;g\ !(*#, !((#
/ @))# df ;d]t o;sf] k|sf]k km}lnPsf]

sf7df8f}F . Ho]i7 gful/s;DaGwL

sfd ug]{ ;+:yfxn] ;+oS' t kdf k|;]
lj1lKt hf/L u/L Ho]i7 gful/ssf] dfu
tTsfn ;Daf] w g ug{ ;/sf/sf]
Wofgfsif{ 0f u/fPsf 5g\. Ho] i7
gful/s;DaGwL sfd ub}{ Ps bh{geGbf
a9L ;+3;+:yfn] ut !% dlxgfb]lv
cfGbf]ng/t Ho]i7 gful/ssf] dfu
;Daf]wg ug{ ;sf/;u dfu u/]sf x'g.
Ho]i7 gful/s;DalGw ljleGg dfu /fVb}
ut !% dlxgfb]lv gofF afg]Zj/l:yt\
oftfoft Joj:yf ljefudf Ho]i7
gful/sn] wgf{ lbFb} cfPsf 5g\. Ho]i7
gful/ssf dfuk|lt ;/sf/ pbf;Lg
/x]sfn] ljZjdf g} g]kfnsf] 5lj wldlnFb}
uPsf] pgLxf/f hf/L k|;
] lj1lKtdf
pNn]v 5. Ho]i7 gful/s P]g @)^# /
;f] / ;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} Joj:yf oyfzL3|
sfof{Gjog ug{k' g],{ Ho]i7 gful/snfO{
k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] eQf ;do ;fk]If a[l4
ub}{ n}hfg'kg{,] a[4f>dsf] a}1flgs dfkb09
tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ug'k{ g],{ Ho]i7
gfulssf kL/dsf{ / ;d:ofsf af/]df
o'jf k':tfnfO{ ;r]tgf u/fpg'kg],{ k}lqs
;DklQdf afa'cfdfn] cfk"mv';L ug{
kfpg'kg],{ ;a} c~rndf Ho]i7 gful/s

u|fd lgdf{0f ug{k' g]{ Ho]i7 gufl/sn] dfu

u/]sf 5g\. ;a} dGqfnon] Ho]i7
gful/s d}qL sfo{qmd nfu" ug'k{ g{,]
;/sf/n] c'gbfg lbPsf c:ktfnn]
lglZrt pd]sf Ho]i7 gful/snfO{
lgMz'Ns pkrf/ ug'k{ g],{ lghL c:ktfnn]
sDtLdf kfFr k|ltzt a]8 / pkrf/sf]
Joj:yf u/L h]l/Sofl6{s jf8{sf] Joj:yf
ug'k{ g]n{ ufotsf dfu /fvL ;/sf/sf]
Wofgfsif{0f u/fOPsf] lj1lKtdf elgPsf]
5. g]kfndf a'9f}nLdf nfUg] /f]u;DaGwL
kf7\oqmd tof/ u/L ;a} d]l8sn
sn]hdf Pd lalaP; / ;f]eGbf dflysf]
l8u|L clgjfo{ k9fpg] Joj:yf ug{k' g{,]
Ho]i7 gful/s cfjf; agfpg ;/s/fn]
lgMz'Ns hUuf k|bfg ug{'kg{] Ho]i7
gful/ssf] dfu 5. o;}aLr ;/sf/n]
klg l56f]eGbf l56f] cfGbf]ng/t Ho]i7
gful/s;Fu aftf{ u/L ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg
ug{ tof/ /x]sf] hgfPsf] 5. k|wfgdGqL
tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{non] Ho]i7
gful/ssf] dfuk|lt uDeL/ ePsf]
hgfpFb} cfly{s cj:yfn] Ho]i7 gful/ssf]
dfu ;Daf]wg ug{ ;/sf/ tof/ /x]sf]
hfgsf/L cfGbf]ngsf/LnfO{ kqdfkm{t\
k7fPsf] 5.

h]i7 gful/ssf] dfu tTsfn ;Daf]wg ug{ dfu

kIfLxsf] aw ug{] tyf df;'sf] pkef]u ug{] k|j[lQdf kl/jtg{ u/f+}.

a8{km\n' h:tf k+IfLhGo /f]uxsf] lgoGq0fdf ;xefuL agf}+,
cfk"m klg arf}+ ;dfhnfO{{ klg arfcf}+.
kG5Lxsf] aw 3/ aflx/ kfgLsf] ;|f]teGbf 6f9f ug{] u/f}F.
s'v'/f sf6]kl5 e'O{ /fd|f];Fu kvfNg]k'5\g] -lg;+qmd0f_ u/f}+.
aw ul/;lsPsf] s'v/' f tyf sfrf] df;'sf] nkk;af6 afnaflnsfxnfO{{
6f9} /fvf}+.
df;' sf6]kl5 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/, ;'nL, Kjfv cflbnfO{{ hyfefjL gkmfnL
vfN8f]df uf8\g] jf hnfpg] u/f}+.
s'v'/f;Fusf] n;k; tyf df;' sf6\g] sfd ;lsPkl5 ;fa'g kfgLn]
/fd|f];Fu xft w'g] u/f}+.
leqL efu;Dd /fd|f];uF kfs]sf] s'v'/fsf] df;'dfq vfg] u/f}+.
la/fdL jf d/]sf] s'v/' fsf] df;'nfO{{ s'g} klg cj:yfdf pdfn]/ jf ksfP/ vfg]
u/f}+.

Supportive treatment g} ul/G5

t/ olb cGo sf/0f s'g} coacteria

lyof]. of] /f]usf] ;+qmd0f w]/h

} ;f] !)
jif{bl] v dflysfnfO{ x'g] ub{5. h'g w]/h
} ;f]
cfkm}F 7Ls x'G5 olb 7Ls gePdf sn]hf]n]
sfd ug{ 5f]8L /f]uLsf] d[To';d]t
x'g;S5. ljz]if u/L ue{jtL dlxnfnfO{
of] /f]u a9L vt/f x'g;S5 lsgeg]
ue{jtL dlxnfdf o;sf] d[To' b/ !)
k|ltzt 5.
s;/L ;5{ t Hepatitis
e|o' f] /f]u d'Votof xfdLn] k|of]u ug]{
kfgLaf6 g} ;b{5. olb xfdLn] k|of]u
u/]sf] kfgLdf o;sf ljiff0f'x ldl;Psf
5g\ / kfgL z'4Ls/0f gu/L k|of]u u/]sf]
v08df ;lhn} of] /f]u ;g{;S5. /f]uLsf]
lb;fdf of] efO/; rf/ xKtf;Dd klg
afFRg] x'b f pSt lb;faf6 kfgLsf] ;|ft]
s'g} sf/0fjz b"lift x'g uPdf klg of]
/f]u ;lhn} ;b{5. To;}u/L /fd|f;] u
gksfPsf] vfgf, t/sf/L tyf ;+qmldt
hgfj/sf] df;' vfFbf / /uthGo
kbfy{af6 ;fy} ue{jtL cfdfaf6 klg
e|0' fnfO{ ;g{ ;S5.
s]s:tf nIf0f b]lvG5g\ t<
of] efO/; ;+qmldt ePkZrft @
( xKtfsf] aLrdf /f]usf nIf0f b]lvg
;'? u5{g\ . ljz]ifu/L hl08; b]vfkg],{
vfg dg gnfUg], jfSjfsL nfUg] / afGtf
x'g,] k]6sf] bflxg] tyf dflyNnf] efudf
b'Vg], Hj/f] cfpg], sdhf]/L x'gh
] :tf
nIf0fx b]lvG5g.
pkrf/, /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0f
of] efO/;sf] ;+qmd0f w]/h
} ;f]df cfkm}F
7Ls x'g] ub{5 eg] s/Lj 0.5%-4%
/f]uLsf] sn]hf]n] sfd ug{ 5f]8L jf
dl:tisdf ;'hg;d]t x'g uO{ d[To'
x'g;S5. ctM /f]usf nIf0f b]vf
kgf{;fy :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf k/LIf0f ug{
hfg' g} a'l4dfgL 5. of] /f]usf] ljz]if
s'g} pkrf/ t 5}g, c:ktfndf klg

cflbsf] klg ;+qmd0f ePsf] 5 eg]

;f]xLcg';f/ pkrf/ ul/G5. /f]uLnfO{
zf/Ll/s / dfgl;skdf cf/fd
u/fpg'k5{. hyfefjL v'jfpg'eGbf klg
:jf:YosdL{ jf lrlsT;ssf]
;Nnfxcg';f/ g} vfg]s'/f v'jfpg]
ug'k{ 5{. zlSt lbg] vfgfsf] a9L h?/t
kg]{ x'b f ;f]xLcg';f/ v'jfpbf /fd|f] x'G5,
30 k. cal/kg/ day v'jfpbf pko'St
x'G5 eGg] /fo :jf:YosdL{sf] 5. /f]usf]
/f]syfd / lgoGq0f ug{ xfdLn] ljz]if
u/L JolStut ;/;kmfOdf Wofg
lbg'k5{. kfgL 4-5 min pdfn]/ lkpg],
vfgf vfg', v'jfpg', agfpg' cufl8
/fd|f];u xft ;kmf ug]{, /fd|f];u
gksfOPsf] vfg]s/' f gvfg], olb ue{jtL
dlxnf 5g\ eg] ljz]if Wofg lbg]. o;/L
JolStutkdf xfdLn] cfgf]
c:j:ys/ hLjgz}nL kl/jt{g u/]/
of] /f]uaf6 aRg ;S5f}F eg] /fHon] klg
cfgf gful/ssf] :jf:Yo /Iff ug]{
bfloTjaf6 klG5g ldNb}g. hgtfsf
nflu ljt/0f ul/Psf] kfgL u'0f:t/o'St
/fVg] Joj:yf ug'k{ b{5. kmf]xf]/d}nfsf]
lj;h{ g ug{ pko'St Disposal
systems sf] :yfkgf ug{'kb{ 5,
Public Awarness sf sfo{qmddfkm{t\
hgtfnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg'kb{5 ;fy} /f]usf]
hf]lvddf /x]sf :yfgsf hgtfnfO{
Vaccine nufpg] Joj:yf ug{k5{
(HEV 239 sf] 2011 df china df
ljsf; ul/Psf] 5. /f]uLsf] klxrfg
;dod} u/L pko'St pkrf/sf] k|aGw
ldnfpg'k5{ ;fy} /f]u km}ng'sf] jf:tljs
sf/0f kQf nufO{ ;'xfpbf] sbd rfNg'k5{
gq o;sf] dxfdf/L km}ng ;S5, h;af6
gful/ssf] :j:yk"0f{ hLjg kfpg'kg{]
clwsf/ / /fHosf] cfly{s ;|ft] b'as
} f]
Iflt x'g ;S5.

sf7df8f}F . sl/a tLg jif{bl] v hf/L

u[x o'4 cGTosf] lbzfdf kxn gu/]sf]
cf/f]k v]ks
] f] l;l/ofnfO{ cGt/f{li6o
ck/fw Gofofnodf k7fpg] k|:tfjdf
rLg / ?;n] le6f] k|of]u u/]sf 5g\.
klZrdf b]zsf /fi6 k|dv
' xn] ;+oS' t
/fi6;3+ df nu]sf] pSt k|:tfjdf rLg
/ ?;n] le6f] k|of]u u/]sf x'g\ . tL
b]zxn] l;l/ofnfO{ dfgj clwsf/

xggsf] cf/f]kdf cGt/f{li6o ck/fw

Gofofnodf k7fpg] k|:tfj /fv]sf
lyP. l;l/oflj?4sf] k|:tfjdf ?; /
rLgn] le6f] k|of]u u/]sf] of] rf}yf] k6s
xf]. l;l/ofdf kl5Nnf] tLg jif{b]lv
hf/L u[x o'4sf qmddf xfn;Dd !
nfv ^) xhf/ eGbf a9Lsf] d[To'
eO;s] sf] 5 eg] nfvf} + kl/jf/
la:yflkt ePsf 5g\.

sf7df8f}F . xfdLn] rnfpFb} cfPsf]

;fdflhs ;~hfn km];a'sf] / lsg
gLnf] agfOPsf] 5 eGg] lh1f;f x'g
;S5g. km];a'ssf ;+:yfks dfs{
h's/au{df sn/ AnfO08 ePsf sf/0f
gLnf] / k|of]u ul/Psf] xf]. Go"of]s{
klqsfdf lbPsf] pgsf] cGtjf{tf{df
dfs{n] cfk"mn] /ftf] / xl/of] / gb]Vg]
atfPsf lyP. / klxrfgdf ;d:of

ePsf sf/0f klxrfg ug{ ;a}eGbf

;lhnf] / gLnf]nfO{ km];a's a|fG8
agfPsf] pgn] atfPsf lyP. km];a's
:yfkgfb]lv g} oxL / k|of]u x'bF } cfPsf]
5. dfs{ klxn]bl] v g} km];a'ssf] /
hlt;Sbf] a9L ;fbf agfpg rfxGy].
oxL ;fbf / cfsif{0f / 5fGg] qmddf
clxn] km];a'sn] k|of]u ul//x]sf] /
5fg]sf] xf]. Ph]G;L

l;l/oflj?4sf] k|:tfjdf rLg / ?;sf] le6f]

k]m;a'ssf] / lsg gLnf]<

;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / k|fs[lts

;Dkbfsf] /Iff u/f}+,
/fli6o :jfledfgsf] /Iff u/f}+.

g]kfn ;/sf/

s[lif ljsf; dGqfno

kz' ;]jf ljefu

h'gf]l;; lgoGq0f cfof]hgf

a'9flgns07, sf7df8f+}
kmf]g M $^%)!@&, $^%)$(! km\ofS; g+= $^%)!@*

g]kfn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu

ko{6g ljz]if
af3af/] ljz]if cg';Gwfg ;'?
sf7df8f}F . lrtjg /fli6o lgs'~hn] b'ne{ e jGohGt' af3sf] lqmofsnfk
Pj+ ;Gtfg pTkfbgsf] cj:yfaf/] ljz]if 9af6 cg';Gwfg ;'? u/sf] 5.
lgs'~hn] ljleGg bftfsf] ;xof]udf cg';Gwfg ;'? u/]sf] xf]. lgs'~hsf]
af3sf] af;:yfg /x]sf] s]xL 7fpFdf Sofd]/f 6oflk k|ljlwaf6 rf/ jif{
nufP/ cg';Gwfg ug{ nfluPsf] lgs'~hsf ;xfos ;+/If0f clws[t 6Lsf/fd
kf}8n
] n] hfgsf/L lbP. ;f]cGtu{t jif{sf] rf/ k6s !% lbg;Dd Sofd]/f
6oflkaf6 af3sf] ultljlw lnOg] pgn] atfP. h;sf nflu !% j6f
Sofd]/f k|of]udf NofOPsf] 5. cg';GwfgnfO{ lrtjg /fli6o lgs'~hsf]
;'s]ef/ If]qcGtu{t vf]l/of d'xfgb]lv 8'dl/of;Dd / df8Lsf] jgsfb]lv
af]6] l;d/f;Dd ;Lldt ul/Psf] 5. tL 7fpFdf rf/ jif{;Dd jif{sf] rf/
k6s 6oflk u/L af3sf] lgoldt lqmofsnfk, afgL Joxf]/f, ;Gtfg pTkfbgsf]
cj:yf, :jf:Yo l:ylt, cGo hgfjf/;Fusf] ;DaGwnufotsf ljifodf hfgsf/L
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ls, ljkl/t tTjsf] PsTj, dfqfTds
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pTkfbgsf nflu ;+3 if{ Pj+ j}1 flgs
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ldn]sf] 5.
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hu a;fNg] sfddf dfcf]sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf
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cy{gLltsf] Jofks k|rf/f/f hgtfsf]
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j}1flgs ;dfhsf] If]qM
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dfcf]sf] P]ltxfl;s of]ubfg ;a}sf cufl8
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k|lt Wofg lbFb} ljZjsDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng leq
dxfg\ ax; rnfpg' / s= dfcf]f/f g}
ljsf; u/fPsf] ;j{xf/fju{sf] clwgfosTj
cGt/ut qmflGt hf/L /fVg] ;dfhjfbL
cj:yfdf k'h
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k'ofPsf] 5.
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lsl;dsf ;fdflhs Jojxf/af6 h:t}
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ug'{ePsf] 5. o;/L bz{g /fhgLlts
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j6} If]qsf] ;dembf/Ldf s= dfcf]n] dfS;{jfbL
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cj:yfdf ;j{xf/fju{n] cfkm\gf] d'lQmsf]
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u/]sf] 5 / To;}sf] kyk|bz{s / dfu{ lgb]z

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e} h'g dxfg ax; ;+rfng ug'e{ of] To;n]
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pk;+ x f/
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xf] eg] dfS;{jfbn]lggjfbdfcf]jfbsf] ulx/f]
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clGtddf k|ltlqmofjfbLxsf] lsQfdf ;fd]n
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/ To;nfO{ hLjg Jojxf/df ptfg{ g;Sg'
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hn;Dkbfdf wgL b]z g]kfnn]
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vktnfO{ ljZjsf clt lakGg k|ltJolSt
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t'ngf ug'{ xf] eg] ef/tsf] xf/fxf/Ldf
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dfly % u'0ff a9L cfjZos k5{ /
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cfjZos kg{ cfpF5.
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d]3fjf6sf]. olb ;;f/df ;a}eGbf a9L
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nfv && xhf/ d]3fjf6 ljB't cfjZos
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;Qfdf k'Ug]xsf] ;f]r
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vkt x'g ;Sb}g, To;sf] ahf/ ef/t
dfq x'g ;S5. ;fgf hnljB't
of]hgfaf6 b]zsf] cfly{s k|0ffnL
;~rfng ug{ / 7'nf kl/of]hgfx
lgof{t ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] clxn];Ddsf]
pmhf{ gLlt /xFb} cfPsf] 5. o; k|sf/sf]
pmhf{ gLltn] ef/taf6 vl/b u/]sf]
k]6f l] nod kbfy{af6 pTkfbg u/]sf]
jt{dfg d"Nodf s/La #% k}ofF
k|lto'lg6 dxFuf] kg]{ ljB't k|of]u ug{
afWo agfof] / k|lt o'lg6 @ k}ofF
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uof].
of] gLltn] g]kfnsf pBdLxnfO{
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tyf ;fgf vf]nfxsf cg'dlt kq
emf]nfdf /fv]/ nfO;]G; laqmL ug{ bnfn
ahf/ vf]Hb} ef}tfl/g afWo agfof]. of]
gLltn] b]zsf /fli6o k"FhLkltnfO{
lab]zLg] tyf :jb]zL k"h
F L knfog x'g]
l:ylt k} b f ul//Xof] , / b] z s}
k"h
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lab]zL tyf :jb]zL nufgLstf{x
g]kfndf nufgL ug{sf nflu ql;t x'g]
cj:yf alg/Xof]. uhasf] s'/f t s]
5 eg], g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt lgdf{0fdf
a;]sf sltko dflg;x ef/taf6
cfoft u/]sf] sf]On{ faf6 pTkflbt ;:tf]
ljB't g]kfnsf nflu k|of]u ug{ /
g]kfnsf] kfgLaf6 pTkfbg ul/g] dxFuf]
lah'nL ef/tdf lgof{t ug{ of]hgf agfO{
/x]sf 5g. sf]O{nfaf6 pTkflbt
sfa{go'St k|lt o'lg6 #@ k}ofF kg{]
lah'nL ;:tf] x'g] / k|lto'lg6 ?= #
eGbf sd kg]{ ;kmf lah'nL dxFuf] x'g]
oL lj1xsf] ljrf/ a'lemg;Sg' /x]sf]
5. of] larf/af6 of] s'/f k|i6 x'G5

ls oL la1x g]kfnnfO{ cGwsf/df

ws]n/] b]zsf] hn;Dkbf ef/tdf ;'Dkg]
ef/tLo of]hgfsf g]kfnL ;xofqL x'g,
h;nfO{ csf]{ kl/efiffdf lab]zL bnfn
elgG5.
b]zdf cf}Bf]lus pGglt ub}{ lg/Gt/
cfly{s qmflGt ug{sf nflu /fli6o
k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx /fi6sf] lxtdf k|of]u
ug'k{ 5{ eGg] b]zeSt, hgjfbL tyf
qmflGtsf/L zlStxnfO{ lg/Gt/ ljsfz
la/f]wL ePsf] cf/f]k nufO{of]. /fli6o
k"hLsf] kl/rfng u/L cfjZos k"hL
/fi6n ] C0fdf lng' k5{ / b] zdf
ljB'lts/0f / cf}Bf]lus u/L nfvf}
lzlIft o'jfxsf nflu /f]huf/L ;[hgf
ug'k{ 5{ eGg] hg;d'bfonfO{ a}bl] zs
nufgL la/f]wLsf] laNnf le/fpg] ul/of].
t/, tYoxn] of] s'/f k'li6 u/]sf] 5
ls g]kfndf nfdf] ;dob]lv ;Qfdf /x]sf
/ nfdf] ;do b]lv b]zsf] gLlt lgdf{0fdf
a;]sfx g} kdf h];s
' } b]lvPklg
;f/df /fli6o k"h
F Lsf la?4 v8f xFb' }
cfPsf 5g\. pgLx xd];f b]zsf]
cf}Bf]lus/0fsf la/f]wL / cGt/f{li6o
nufgLsf la/f]wL /xFb} cfPsf 5g.
o;df lautdf /fi63ftL ;xdlt
ul/Psf / To;sf] la/f]wdf ;+3if{ ul/Psf
tdfd kl/of]hgfxnfO{ lng ;lsG5.
c?0f# tyf klZrd ;]tL o;sf HjnGt
pbfx/0fx x'g. b]zsf] cfjZostf /
hgtfsf] pGgltnfO{ bfpdf /fv]/ c?0f
tLg lab]zLnfO{ a]Rg vf]lhPsf] lyof].
hgtfsf] la/f]wn] Tof] /f]lsPsf] 5. t/,
To;nfO{ /fi6sf] lxtdf lgdf{0f ug{sf]
abnf k'g lab]zLsf] xftdf lbg] xs{t
ul/Fb} 5.
c?0ftLgdf h:t} /fh:j :jk
;fdfGo k|ltzt ljB't g]kfnnfO{ lbg]
/ ;Dk"0f{ lah'nL ef/t lgof{t ug{]
of]hgf ;lxt lgdf{0f ug{ elgPsf] klZrd
;] t L kl/of] h gfsf] b] z leqsf]
cfjZostfdf k|of]u ug{ lgdf{0f ug{'
kg]{ dfu;lxt ;r]t g]kfnL hgtfn]
la/f]w u/]. ha;Dd ef/t lgof{t ug{
klZrd ;]tL k|lta4 lyof] ta;Dd
g]kfn ;/sf/n] cg'dlt kq glas/0f
ul//Xof]. ;/sf/sf] cb'/bzL{ lg0f{osf
afah'b hgtfsf] lta| la/f]wsf] sf/0f
pSt kl/of]hgf /fi6sf] lxtdf lgdf{0f
ug{ ;xdt eof]. Tof] kl/of]hgfnfO{
k|fT] ;flxt ug{, To;sf] k|z;
+ f ug{ /
b]zsf] lxtdf lgdf{0f ug{ ;3fp
k' ofpg' s f] ;f ;/sf/n] pSt
kl/of]hgfsf] cg'dlt kq vf/]h uof].
of] sfo{jflxaf6 g]kfnL hgtfsf] lxtdf
nufgL ug{ pT;flxt ePsf ci6]l nofsf]
:Dofs sDkgL / lrgLof ;Ld]s sDkgL
lg?T;flxt ag] / pgLxn] nufgL ug]{
k|lqmofaf6 xft lems].
ToxL kl/of]hgf k'gM rLgsf] ly| uf]hh
{]
sDkgLnfO{ lgdf{0f ug{lbg] elgof]. t/
clxn] b'O{ aif{laTbf ;d]t of] kl/of]hgf
aGg lbO{Psf] 5}g, a? lah'nL ahf/
Joj:yfsf] gfddf b]znfO{ h+unL o'usf]
cGwsf/df /fv]/ ;Dk"0f{ k|fs[lts
:jfldTj ef/tdf ;'Dkg] cg]s k|sf/sf
if8\oGqx ul/Fb} cfPsf 5g\. o;af6
:ki6 x'G5 ls g]kfnsf zf;sx lab]zL
nufgLstf{xnfO{ b]zdf nufgL ug{
lg?T;flxt ul//x]sf 5g\ / pgLx
b]z nfO{ ;bfsf nflu cljsl;t
ca:yfdf /fVg rfxG5g / ;bfsf nflu
cGwfsf/df ws]Ng rfxG5g. kl5Nnf]
r/0fdf dflyNnf] s0ff{nL nufotsf
b]zsf tdfd hnfwf/ If]qsf gbLx
ef/tnfO{ x:tfGtl/t ug{ k|k~r ul/Psf]
5.
sf]zL hnfwf/ If]qaf6 pTkfbg
ul/Psf] ljB' t klZrd a+ ufnsf]
k'?lnofdf s]lGb|t ug{, u08s hnfwf/
If]qdf pTkflbt lah'nL laxf/sf]
d'hkm/k'/df s]lGb|t ug{ / s0ff{nL
hnfwf/df pTkflbt lah'nL pQ/
k|bz
] sf] a/]nLdf s]lGb|t ug{ of]hgf
agfO{Psf] 5. g]kfnsf] nflu cfjZos
kg]{ lah'nL ToxL If]qaf6 g]kfnn] v/Lb
u/L lng] Aoa:yf ul/Psf] 5. cfgf]

wd]{Gb| af:tf]nf

ePsf] ;DklQ c?sf] xftdf kf/]/

cfk"mn] p;};uF levdfUg] gLlt eg]sf]
/fHo bfO{hf] lbP/ levf/L aGg k/]sf]
;]S;lko/sf] /fhf lno/sf] eGbf bolgo
l:ylt xf]. of] ;fdGtjfbL pTkfbg
k4ltsf] k/fsfi6f xf].
b]zdf ljB'lts/0f ug{sf nflu
;Defljt ;:tf] / ;'ne cfof]hgfx
/fHoaf6 l56f] / 5l/tf] kdf ;DkGg
ug{ gLlt x'g' kYof{] . t/ x/]s sfdxdf
/fHoaf6} if8\oGq / 5n5fd afx]s s]xL
ePsf] kfOFbg} . ;Dk"0f{ ;j]I{ f0fsf] cGTodf
k'us
] f] / hgtfsf] ;a} lx;fan] plrt
/x]sf] hnfzo o'St klZrd ;]tLsf] sfd
tTsfn ;'? ul/g' kYof]{ . cfly{s lx;fan]
;an b]lvPsf klZrd ;]tL, dflyNnf]
s0ff{nL, d:of{bL@, c?0f# nufotsf
tdfd cfof]hgfx ef/tnfO{ lbP/
sfnfGt/df u08s ;+emf}tfsf] sf/0f
lgz]wsf] cj:yfdf k'Ug] a'l9u08sL
cfof]hgfsf] xl/of] 3fF; b]vfO{Psf] 5.
g]kfn h:tf] aiff{ofddf a9L kfgL x'g] /
lxpFbdf sd kfgL x'g] b]zsfnflu
hnfzoo'St cfof]hgf k|efjsf/L x'G5.
hnfzoo'St x'g] ePklg b]zsf]
dxTjk"0f{ hg;+Vof sf7df8f}+ pkTosfnfO{
t/sf/L k'ofpg], 7'nf] a;f]af; ePsf]
a'9Lu08sL cfof]hgfsf] /fhwfgLaf6 ^)
lsnf]ld6/ b'/Ldf ePs} sf/0f vr{ ug{df
sld;g / b]znfO{ pmhf{laxLg agfpg]
if8\oGq afx]s s]xL b]lvFbg} . km]l/ klg
b]zsf] k|sl[ ts ;Dkbfdflysf] :jflwgtf
sfod ub}{ ;Defljt of]hgfx lgdf{0f
u/L c? cfa:os k/]sf] cj:yfdf
o;k|sf/sf cfof]hgfx lgdf{0f ug]{ s'/f
;xL x'g cfpYof]. t/, /fHosf] rl/qn]
Tof] k|bz{g ub}g{ .
dflyNnf] s0ff{nL kl/of]hgf g]kfnsf]
k|fs[lts >f]t / ;fwgxdfly ef/taf6
ul/Psf x:tIf]k / g]kfnsf zfzsxn]
u/]sf] /fi63ftL sdhf]/Lsf] clxn];Ddsf]
;a}eGbf gljgtd s8L xf]. of] of]hgfdf
g]kfnh:tf] ef}uf]lns / df};dL rl/q
ePsf] b] zsfnflu cfjZos kg] {
hnfzoo'St kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f ubf{
%$)) d] 3fjf6 ljB' t pTkfbg
ug{;lsG5. t/, of] gbLaf6 #))
d]3fjf6 pTkfbgsf] l8hfO{g ;j]I{ f0fsf
nflu ef/tsf] hLPdcf/ sDkgLnfO{
cg'dlt lbO{of]. h'g tl/sfn] of] kl/of]hgf
hLPdcf/nfO{ lbO{Psf] 5, To;n] cGtl/d
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !%^ sf] pNn+3g ePsf]
5. of] ;Demf}tfdf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !%^
cg';f/ -pk wf/f ! cg';f/_==;Demf}tfsf]
cg'd f]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt of
;dy{g=== lngsf nflu -pkwf/f @
cg';f/_=== Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf tTsfn
sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:oxsf] b'Ol{ txfO{
ax'dtn] -kfl/t_ ug'{ kg]{ zt{ /flvg]
5, To;sf] pNn+3g ul/Psf] 5.
o;/L b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtn] kfl/t ug'{
kg]{ laifo pkwf/f @ 3 cg';f/ k|fs[lts
>f]t tyf To;sf] pkof]usf] afF8kmfF8
k5{ hf] ===/fi6nfO{ Jofks, uDeL/ jf
bL3{sfnLg c;/ kg]{ k|sf/sf] 5 To;sf]
pk]Iff ul/Psf] 5. tTsfnLg cGtl/d
;/sf/n] of] wf/f 5Ngsf nflu s0ff{nL
gbLnfO{ s+kgL P]g cGt/ut NofP/
5n5fdk"0f{ tl/sfn] lab]zL sDkgL ef/t_ nfO{ laqmL u/]sf] 5, ToxfF /fi63ft
ePsf] 5, ;+ljwfgsf] pNn+3g ePsf] 5.
dflyNnf] s0ff{nL kl/of]hgfsf]
hLPdcf/;Fu ul/Psf] ;Demf}tf kqsf]
wf/f #%, #^ / #& cToGt xflgsf/s
5g\. wf/f #% df g]kfnsf] ljB't P]g
eGbf ;xdlt kq dfGo x'g] atfOPsf]
5. wf/f #^ df dflyNnf] t6 / tNnf]
t6sf] ;Dk"0f{clwsf/ sDkgLnfO{ lbO{Psf]

5. ;fdfGo cj:yfdf x]bf{ of] ;xh

b]lvG5 t/ ulx/fO{df laZn]if0f ug{] xf]
eg] of] wf/fsf] k|efan] sfnfGt/df b]zsf]
#& k|ltzt e"efu ef/tsf] clwg:t
kfg]{ vt/f k}bf ePsf] 5. wf/f #& df
tNnf]t6 egf{n] ef/tsf] ;Ldfgf /
dflyNnf] t6 egf{n] rLgsf] ;Ldfgf;Dd
s'g} kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{k' g]{ ePdf
hLPdcf/sf] cg'dlt lng' kg]{ Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5, of] wf/faf6 b]zn] eljZodf
:yflkt / ;~rfng ug'k{ g]{ ;Defljt
kl/of]hgf dfly aGWofs/0f u/]sf] 5 /
g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf dfly cfFr
k'ofPsf] 5.
dflyNnf] s0ff{nLdf k'/f Ifdtfsf]
lah'nL k}bf ug{ s'n #)) ca{ g]kfnL
k}ofF nfUg] cg'dfg ul/G5. sltko
lj1xsf] egfO{ cg';f/ of] of]hgfaf6
olb k|lt;]s0] 8 %$)) d]3fjft ljB't
jif{e/L g} pTkfbg ug]{ xf] eg] jflif{s
kdf sl/a *) ca{ o'lg6 ljB't
pTkfbg x'g5] , h;sf] 3/]n' vkt d"No
?= @ eGbf sddf laqmL ubf{ klg
;/sf/nfO{ w]/} kmfO{bf x'g ;Sg]5.
clxn] g]kfndf pTkfbg ePsf]
lah'nL k|lt o'lg6 ?= ( / ef/taf6 ?=
!! df cfoft u/L ?= !# df hgtfnfO{
laqmL ul/Psf] cj:yfdf obL k|lto'lg6
dfq ? % df laqmL ug{] xf] eg] jflif{s
$)) ca{ k}ofF cfh{g x'g5] , h;af6
s0ff{nL kl/of]hgf b]lv sf7df8f};+ Dd
sl/a ^)) ls= dL= nfdf] k|;f/0fnfO{g
lgdf{0fdf nfu]sf] nfut ;d]t c;'nL
ug{ s]an # aif{dfq nfUg] 5, afFsL
;Dk"0f{ pTkfbg /fli6o cfDbfgLsf kdf
/xg] 5.
o; k|sf/sf] kl/of]hgf hf] /fli6o
kFh
" Lsf] hu x'g ;S5. o;n] dfq
g]kfnsf pBf]ukltnfO{ ljZjahf/df
:yfg agfpg] Ifdtf k}bf u/fpF5.
d's
' 6' df xL/f elgg] dflyNnf] s0ff{nL
kl/of]hgf /fHon] lgdf{0f gu/L lab]zL
gLhL sDkgLnfO{ ;Dk"0f{kn] x:tfGt/0f
ug{ eg]sf] 7'nf] /fi63ft xf].
To:t} u/L lj1xsf] egfO{ cg';f/
dflyNnf] s0ff{nL of]hgfaf6 jiff{ofdsf]
kfgL ;+slnt u/L k}bf ePsf] kfgLn]
t/fO{df ;'Vvf k/]sf sGrgk'/, s}nfnL,
abL{of, afFs,] bf, ;Ddsf] hldg afx|}
dlxgf l;FrfO{ ug{;lsg] 5 / aif{df #
b]lv rf/ afnL;Dd pTkfbg ug{;lsg]
5. olb of] kfgLnfO{ clk|msL d'ns
'
n];f]yf] / blIf0f clk|msfsf] h:t} ;xdlt
u/L ef/tsf nflu laqmL ug{ xf] eg]
aflif{s %@ ca{k}ofF /fi6sf nflu
cfDbfgL x'g5] .
lxpFsf] l9Ssf;+u} aUg] s0ff{nLsf]
lr;f] kfgLdf df5fkfng ug]{ xf] eg]
jflif{s nfvf} d]l6s 6g df5f pTkfbg
ug{ ; lsg] 5. olt kmfO{bfhgs
cfof]hgfx g]kfnsf zf;fsxn]
l;Q}df ef/tnfO{ xft kfg{, To;dflysf]
g]kfnL hgtfsf] :jfldTj ;dfKt kfg{
g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf nflu ;d{gfs
s'/f xf]. of] ;d{gfs sfo{nfO{ g]kfnL
hgtfn] ;x]/ a:g' hgtfsf] tkm{af6
/fi63ftL / hgla/f]wLxsf] sbddf
;xof]u ug{ ;/x x'G5.
g]kfnsf k|fs[lts ;Dkbf d]rL b]lv
dxfsfnL / lxdfn b]lv t/fO{ ;Ddsf
;Dk"0f{hgtfsf] ;femf ;DklQ x'g. To;df
hgtfsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'g
cfjZjs x'G5. g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !%^ sf] pkwf/f #
cg';f/ klg s'g} ;GwL of ;Demf}tf
o; wf/f adf]lhd cg'df]bg, :jLs[lt,
;lDdng jf ;dy{g geP;Dd g]kfn
;/sf/ jf g]kfn /fHosf] xsdf nfu'
ePsf] dflgg] 5}g. To;sf/0f
hLPdcf/;+usf] ;Demf}tf sfg'gL b[li6n]
vf/]h ;/x ePsf] 5. t/, /fhg}lts
lx;fan] olb s'g} ;+;b of k|ltlglw
;efn] hLPdcf/;+u u/]sf] jt{dfg
;Demf}tf kqnfO{ b'Ol{ txfO{n] ;xdlt ug{
w[i6tf u5{ eg] Tof] hgtfsf] nflu dfGo

x'g ;Sb}g / To; cj:yfdf dflyNnf]

s0ff{nL nufot k|To]s lgof{td"ns
kl/of]hgfdf hgtfsf] k|ToIf hgdt
;+ux| ug{ clgafo{ x'g5
] . clxn] lab]zL
Psflwsf/jfbL k"FhLklt / g]kfnsf
bnfn k"h
F LjfbLxn] olt 7'nf kl/of]hgf
lgdf{0f ug{ g]kfn /fi6;uF k};f gePsf]
s'/f atfpF 5g. of] laifo lgs}
k|ltsfTds k|sf/sf] 5. o; k|sf/sf
dflg;xn] b]zn] k|ltlbg !^) s/f]8
k}ofF Jofkf/ 3f6f ePsf] b]Vb}gg /
pgLx of] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{] pkfo
k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] a]rlavg afx]s
csf]{ s]xL b]Vb}gg.
pgLxn] k| ltlbg k] 6f ] lnod
kbfy{af6 %)) d]3fjf6 a/fa/ ljB't
pTkfbgdf vr{ ePsf] klg b]Vb}gg\.
olb k]6f l] nod kbfy{df x'g] vr{dfq ljB't
pTkfbgdf nufpg] xf] eg] dflyNnf] s0ff{nL
lgdf{0fsf nflu cfwf/e"t ;DklQ hDdf
x'g5] . /, k|ltaif{ lak|z
] 0faf6 leqg] #%)
ca{k}ofFsf] s]xL c+zdfq kl/of]hgfdf
nufgL ug]{ xf] eg] klZrd ;]tL, dflyNnf]
s0ff{nL / d:of{bL@ / c?0f# h:tf
cfof]hgfx Ps}k6s ;+rfng ug{
;lsg]5g\.
t/, Psflwsf/ k"hLafbn] aZr{j
hdfPsf] clxn]sf] ljZjdf gLhLs/0f,
pbf/Ls/0f / e"d08nLs/0fsf] sf/0f
hgtfsf] ;DklQsf] s'g} d"No dflgFbg} ,
/ hgtfn] cfgf] ;DklQdf 7"nf
of]hgfx lgdf{0f ug{;Sb}g eGg] ;ay{f
unt dgf]lj1fg k}bf ul/Psf] 5.
To;sf] k| ltjfb Jojxfl/skn]
gubf{;Dd g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfly{s
cfwf/ aGg ;Sg] 5}g, /fli6o k"hLsf]
ljsfz x'g ;Sg] klg 5}g. hgtfsf]
nufgL ug{ 7fpF gePsf] sf/0f clxn]
tdfd ;DklQ lab]z knfog ePsf] 5.
b]zleq /fli6o k"hLsf] ljsfz
ug{rfxg] / lab]lzPsf g]kfnLxn]
sdfPsf] k};f nufgL ug{ 7fpF kfPsf]
5}g. b]z leq lzIfLt o'jfxn] /f]huf/L
k|fKt ug{;s]sf] 5}g. o;k|sf/sf]
a]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:of cGTo ug{ dflyNnf]
s0ff{nL k/Lof]hgfnfO{ /fi6n] lhDdf lnP/
t'?Gt lgdf{0f sfo{;'? ug'{ kb{5.
g]kfnnfO{ cfly{s pGgltdf nfg] xf] /
cf}Bf]lus o'udf k|az
] u/fpg] xf] eg]
cfly{s gLlt ;DaGwL s]xL cjwf/0ffxdf
kl/at{g / ljsfz ug{ cfjZos 5.
k|ydM e"d08nLs[t cfly{s ljsfz
ePsf] clxn] s f] ljZjkl/a] z df
k/Dk/fut k"hLafbL z}nLdf ;fgf
pBf]uaf6 la:tf/} 7"nf pBf]udf ljsfz
x'g] lgod s'g} klg d'ns
' df nfu' x'g
;Sb}g. To;sf] lakl/t b]zleq 7"nf
pBf]ux 5}gg\ eg] ToxfF ;fgf pBf]ux
ljsfz x'g ;Sb}gg. To;sf/0f b]znfO{
cf}Bf]lus/0f ug]{ xf] eg] 7"nf pBf]ux
/ 7"nf 7"nf cfof]hgfx b]zn] lgdf{0f
ug{ clgjfo{ x'G5.
dfp pBf]usf] ;+/If0f lagf rNnf
pBf]ux ljszLt x'g] / x'sg{ ] l:ylt
klg aGg ;Sb}g. t/, g]kfn cw{;fdGtL
gjcf}klga]lzs cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf]
sf/0f ePsf 7"nf pBf]ux gLhL
sDkgLxnfO{ a]lrof]. clxn] b]z
pBf] uljxLg ag] s f] 5. b] z sf]
cf}Bf]lus/0fsfnflu :jfwLgtf cflgjfo{
;t{ xf]. b]zsf g]tT[ jn] /fhgLlts
:yfloTj lbg ;s]g eg] ToxfF cfly{s
pGglt x'g ;Sb}g. h'g b]z :jfwLg
5}g / cfly{s ljsf;sf b[li6n] ;d[l4sf]
af6f]df nfu]sf] 5}g ToxfF /fhg}lts
l:y/tf k|fKt ug{;lsb}g.
bf]>f]M cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sfnflu
klAns k|fO{j6] kf6{g/;Lksf] cfly{s
gLltsf] cjwf/0ff cufl8 ;fl/Psf] 5.
of] gLltn] ljs;Lt b]zxdf Psflwsf/
k"h
F Lklt ju{sf]dfq lxt u5{ eg] g]kfn
h:tf] cNkljslzt / ef/t h:tf]
ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zdf ;fdGt / gf]s/zfxL
bnfn k"hLkltju{sf] lxt ub{5.
jf:tjdf of] gLltn] ljsl;t,
cNkljsl;t tyf ljsf;f] G d' v
b]zxdf ;/sf/sf] e"ldsfnfO{ k"hLklt

ju{sf] ;]jf ug{ gf]s/sf] kdf ktg

u/fO{lbG5.
klAns eg]sf] ;/sf/L / k|fO{a6]
eg]sf] Psflwsf/ k"hLklt ju{sf] eGg]
x'G5. of] b'O6{ fsf] ;fem]bf/L eg]sf]
;/sf/n] Psflwsf/ k"hLsf] ;]jf /
;'/Iff ug{ eGg] dfq x'G5. kLkLkLsf]
cjwf/0ffn] hgtfnfO{ pTkfbgsf nflu
d]l;g / pTkflbt j:t' vktsf nflu
d]l;g agfpg] k|lqmofnfO{ /f]Sg ;Sb}g
/ hgtfnfO{ klg ;lDklQsf] dflns
agfpg] cj;/ k}bf ug{;Sb}g.
ef/tn] g]kfnsf] hn;Dkbf lgoGq0f
ug{ t}of/ u/]sf] gS;f, hf] g]kfnsf
;+ljwfg;efsf ;b:oxnfO{ ;g\ @)!@
df g]kfnL k|ltlglwd08nsf kdf
lbNnL nu]/ k|lzlIft ul/Psf] lyof].
a? o;n] gofF tl/sfn] klAns
eGg] zAbhfn leq Pslwsf/ k"hLsf]
lg/+sz
' tf yf]k/L lbG5 / ljZjsf ;a}
;/sf/xnfO{ cfgf] ;DklQsf] ;'/Iff
ug{ rf}sLbf/ / hgtfnfO{ d]l;gsf]
kdf sfdu/fpg] gf]s/sf] kdf
kl/0ft ul/lbG5. To;sf/0f of] gLltn]
clxn]sf] hgtfsf] cfly{s gLltsf]
k| ltlgwLTj ug{; Sb}g, hgtfnfO{
;DklQsf] dflns agfpg ;Sb}g.
hgtfnfO{ ;DklQsf] dflns agfpg]
lbzfdf n}hfgsfnflu kLkL;LkL cyjf
klAns k|fO{a6] sf]cf]k/]l6j kf6{/;Lksf]
cawf/0ff ;lx x'g ;S5. klAns k|fO{j6]
sf]cf]k/]l6e egf{n] ;/sf/, Psflwsf/
k"hL / hgtfsf] larsf] ;fem]bf/L eGg]
x'G5. sf]cf]k/]l6e eg]sf] hgtfsf]
;fd"lxs ;xeflutf xf]. of] k|lqmofn]
Psflwsf/ k"h
F Lafb / hgtfsf] ;d'xsf]
lardf ;fem]bf/L k}bf u5{. o;n]
bfz{lgs kdf lak/Ltxsf] PsTj
sfod u5{ /fhg}lts kn] Pstf
;+3if{kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmofdf cy{tGqnfO{
ljsf; u5{ ;+u7gfTds lx;fan]
Psflwsf/ k"hLjfbsf] ar{Zjdfly
x:tIf]k u5{ / hgtfsf] :jfldTj
:yfkgf ug]{ k|of; u5{.
t] >f]M >da} sf] cjwf/0ffsf]
ljsf;. g]kfn h:tf] cNkljslzt
d'ns
' nfO{ dfly p7fpg] xf] eg] >d
a}s
+ sf] Joj:yf ug{ clgjfo{ cfjZostf
x'G5. >d a}s
+ eg]sf] >dsf] ;+ro
ug{ :yfg xf]. h;/L w]/} k};f x'gn
] ]
a}s
+ df hDdf u5{ cgfh x'gn] ] esf/Ldf
hDdf u5{ / ;DklQ x'gn
] ] uf]bfddf
hDdf u5{ To:t} u/L >d dfq x'g]
nfvf} g]kfnLxsfnflu >d a}+ssf]
Joj:yf x'g' kYof{] .
b]ze/Ldf o;k|sf/sf kl/jf/
xfdLn] b]Vg] u5f}{ ls lbg e/ sfd u/]/
cfh{g u/]sf] k};flaxfg a]ns
' fsf] 5fs
6fg{ sfd dfq ;LdLt x'G5. b]zsf
clt u/La hgtfsfnflu g >dsf]
;+ro ug{ jftfj/0f 5 g To;df
k|fT] ;flxt ug{ Joj:yf g}. o; k|sf/sf]
>d a}s
+ gagLsg hgtfsf] cfly{s
ljsf; x'g} ;Sb}g / olb cfwf/e"t
hgtfsf] cfly{s ljsf; x'g ;s]g eg]
/fli6o k"hLsf] ljsf; x'g klg ;Sb}g.
csf]{ cy{df >d a} eg]sf] >d;lxtsf]
;fdflhs ;'/Iff xf].
pbfx/0fsf nflu, >d a}sf]
Joj:yf ug{x] f] eg] dflyNnf] s0ff{nL h:tf
7'nf of]hgfxdf xhf/f} hgtfsf] hLjg
abNg ;lsG5. o; k| s f/sf]
Joj:yfaf6 kl/rfng ul/Psf] ;/sf/L
tyf gLlh ;DklQnfO{ hgtfn] cfgf]
;DklQsf] kdf lng] 5g / Tosf]
;'/Iff ug{5g. o; k|sf/sf] Joj:yf
leq dfq lab]zL nufgL leqg ;Sg]
5 lsgsL Tof] nufgLdf Psflt/
hgtfaf6 ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"t x'g] 5 /
csf{lt/af6 lab]zL nufgLn] hgtfsf]
xLtsf] k|Tofe"t ug]5
{ .
cGTodf dflyNnf] s0ff{ n L
kl/of]hgfnfO{ /fli6o k"h
F Lsf] husf]
kdf ljsf; ug{ hLPdcf/;Fusf
at{dfg ;t{gfdfx kl/at{g ul/g'
k5{ / gofF cfwf/df ;/sf/n] lgdf{0f
ug'{ kb{5.

sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#@)^#^$

c;'/lIft====

cf]dgdf !#, ax/fOgdf ;ft hgf,

ckmuflg:tfgdf b'O{hgf, hfkfgdf
b'O { , hd{ g L, Oh/fon, dflNbE;,
/l;of, >Lnfdf, cd] l /sf /
kk'jfGo"uLgLdf PsPs hgf g]kfnL
sfdbf/sf] d[To' ePsf] 5. af]8{n]
j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsfsf] d[To'
ePdf ?= Ps nfv krf; xhf/;Dd
Ifltk"lt{ lbg] u/] s f] 5. uPsf]
jif{af]8n
{ ] j}bl] zs /f]huf/Lsf] qmddf
d[ T o' ePsfsf] kl/jf/nfO{
Ifltk"lt{:jk ? !! s/f]8 *& nfv
*% xhf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5. ut jif{
rf/ nfv (@ xhf/ %#@ hgf g]kfnL
j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf 5g\. tLdWo]
rf/ nfv ^! xhf/ &^( hgf k'?if /
#) xhf/ &^# hgf dlxnf 5g\.
clwsf+z o'jfx !* jif{k'Ug]
ljlQs} kf;kf]6{ agfO{ ljb]lzg] nx/
ufpF3/df rNg yfn]sf] 5. ljb]lzg]
k|jl[ Q km]zgsf] kdf g]kfnL ;dfhdf
df}nfpFb} hfFbf To;n] ;dfhdf uDeL/
k| s f/sf ;d:ofx klg cfpg
yfn]sf] 5. /fd|f] sdfO{ u/L 3/
kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt lbg] p2]Zo;lxt
ljb]lzPsf o'jfxsf] 7"nf] ;+Vofdf
sdfO{sf] ;f6f] g]kfndf zj dfq} kms{g]
u/]sf] 5. d[To'sf] sf/0f gv'Ng] t/
zj cfpg] qmd a9\b} hfFbf o;nfO{
lgoGq0f ug{ 7f]; kxn ug'k{ g]{ cj:yf
cfPsf] 5.
j}b]lzs /f]huf/ k|j4g af]8{sf
cg';f/ ;'lt/x]sf] cj:yf -sfl8{s
cfl6{;_ sf sf/0f !$! hgf, k|fs[lts
d[ To' s f sf/0f !#! hgf, ;8s
b' 3 { 6 gfsf sf/0f !@) hgf,
cfTdxTofsf sf/0f *$ hgf,
x[bo3ftsf sf/0f ^! hgf, sfo{If]qdf
sfd ub}{ ubf{ %^ hgf, xTofsf sf/0f
Ps hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5. af]8{n]
lbPsf] ;f] tYof /f]huf/bftfn]
k7fPsf] ljj/0fsf cfwf/df tof/
kfl/Psf] xf]. oyfy{tfdf eg] clwsf+z
sfdbf/xsf] d[ T o' sfdsf]
l;nl;nfd} x'g] u/]sf] 5. ;8s
b' 3{ 6gfsf sf/0f d[ To' ePsf /
sfo{If]qdf sfd ub}{ ubf{ d[To' ePsf
sfdbf/n] dfq} /f]huf/bftf / ToxfFsf]
;/sf/af6 Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] k|fjwfg
5. ut jif{sf] cfFs8f x]g{] xf] eg]
;8s b'3{6gfdf d[To' ePsf !@)
hgf / sfo{If]qdf sfd ub}{ ubf{ d[To'
ePsf %^ hgf u/L hDdf !&^ hgfn]
dfq} /f]huf/bftf sDkgLaf6 Ifltk"lt{
kfPsf lyP eg] afFsL ^^* hgf
Ifltk"lt{ kfpgaf6 al~rt ePsf
lyP.
j}bl] zs sfdbf/sf] kdf b'jO{df
nfdf] ;do sfd ug{'ePsf /d]z lu/L
sfo{ I f] q df sfd ubf{ ub} { w] / }
sfdbf/xsf] d[ To' x' g ] u/] klg
/f]huf/bftfn] Ifltk"lt{ lbgaf6 aRg
d[To'sf] cGo ljleGg sf/0f b]vfpg]
u/]sf] atfpF5g. j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf
hfg] clw+sfz g]kfnLx 7"nf7"nf
3/ agfpFbf ef/L af]Sg], cUnf tf8Lsf]
?vdf uP/ tf8L sf6\g], pBf]uxdf
ux' F u f+ a:t' af] S g] , lgs} udL{
jftfj/0fdf cgsG6f/ If]qdf uP/
e]F8f r/fpg] h:tf hf]lvdk"0f{ sfd
ug{] u/]sf 5g\. To;/L sfd ubf{
d[To' ePsfnfO{ /f]huf/bftf ;+:yfn]
/S;L vfP/ d[To' ePsf], k|fs[lts
kd} d[To' ePsf] h:tf] axfgf agfP/
;f]xLcg'ksf] d]l8sn l/kf]6{tof/
ug{] u/]sf] sfdbf/ lu/Ln] cg'ej
;'gfP. d[To' ePsf] sfdbf/sf] kIfdf
af]lnlbg] sf]xL gxF'bf / k|x/Ldf ph'/L
xfNg] klg sf] x L gx' g ] ePsfn]
/f]huf/bftf ;+:yfn] d[To'sf] cGo
sf/0f b]vfP/ Ifltk"lt{ lbg] cfgf]
bfloTjaf6 efUg] u/]sf 5g\.
sfdbf/sf] clwsf/ / ;'/Iffsf]
ljifodf ;/sf/ uDeL/ /x]sf] atfpFb}
af]8{sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs /3'/fh
sfn] g]kfnLx j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf
hfg] k|d'v d'n'sx;Fu sfdbf/sf]
hLjg /Iffaf/] ;Demf}tf ug{ tof/Ldf
nfu]sf] atfp5g. uPsf] jif{j}b]lzs
/f]huf/Ldf sfd ug{] qmddf 3fOt]
eO{ ce ePsfxnfO{ /f]huf/bftf
;+:yfn] Ifltk"lt{ lbg'kg]{ k|fjwfg
ePklg clwsf+ z sfdbf/xn]
r]tgfsf] cefjdf To:tf] Ifltk"lt{

kfpg] u/]sf 5}gg\. /f]huf/bftf

;+:yfn] Ifltk"lt{ lbg'kg]{ :ki6 k|fjwfg
ePklg ;f] ;DjGwL sfg' g L
hfgsf/Lsf] cefjdf sfdbf/xn]
Ifltk" lt{ g} dfUg] u/]s f 5}g g\ .
dfluxfn] klg lgs} yf]/} /sd lnP/
lrQ a'emfpg] u/]sf 5g\.
ljb]zdf dfq} xf]Og g]kfndf klg
j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf 3fOt] eO{ ce
ePsfxnfO{ j}bl] zs /f]huf/ k|j4g
af]8{n] Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg u/]sf] 5.
uPsf] jif{dfq} !)$ hgfnfO{ af]8{n]
?= ^( nfv $# xhf/ a/fa/sf] /sd
Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg u/]sf] 5. of] cjlwdf
;f] eGbf a9L sfdbf/ 3fOt] / ce
ePklg af] 8 { n ] lbg] Ifltk" lt{ af/]
hfgsf/Lsf] cefjdf yf]/} dfq} af]8{sf]
;Dks{df cfpg] u/]sf 5g\. af]8{sf
lgb]{zs e08f/L 3fOt]sf] cj:yf x]/]/
a9Ldf ?= Ps nfv krf; xhf/;Dd
af]8{n] k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] atfpF5g\.

e|
i 6frf/df====
sfdsf/afxL k|efljt t'Nofpg cfgf]
clwsf/sf] b'kof]u ug]{ /fhgLlts
bnxsf] k|jl[ QnfO{ ;dfKt kfg{ gofF
pko'St sfg'gx sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg
k| l tj] b gn] cfx[ j fg u/] s f] 5.
g] kfnsf ^( k| ltzt gful/sn]
;fj{hlgs If]qdf ePsf] e|i6frf/nfO{
Ps uDeL/ ;d:ofsf] kdf x]/]sf]
k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt 5. ;bfrf/
k|0ffnL k|ltj]bgcg';f/ () k|ltzt
g]kfnL /fhgLlts kf6L{ e|i6frf/L 5g\
eGg] ljZjf; u5{g \. To:t} *%
k|ltzt g]kfnL ;/sf/L sd{rf/L
e|i6frf/L 5g eGg] ljZjf; u5{g\ /
&@ k|ltzt g]kfnL kl5Nnf] b'O{ jif{df
e|i6frf/ a9\b} u/]sf] ljZjf; u5{g\.
6fG;k/]G;L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf
cWoIf lji0f'axfb'/ s];Ln] ;fj{hlgs
If] q sf] bIftf a9fpg] k| o f;df
/fhgLlts x:tIf]knfO{ /f]Sg ;s]
e|i6frf/ Go'gLs/0fdf ;xof]u k'Ug]
atfP. ljZjsf !&& d' n ' s df
ul/Psf] ;j]{If0fdf g]kfn ;g\ @)!#
df e|i6frf/ x'g] d'n'sxdf !!^ cf}F
:yfgdf k/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5. blIf0f Plzofdf ;a}eGbf
sd e|i6frf/ x'g] d'n'sdf >Lnf
5. ljZjdf ;a}eGbf a9L e|i6frf/
x'g] d'n's ;f]dflnof, pQ/sf]l/of /
ckmuflg:tfg x'g\ eg] ;a}eGbf sd
e| i6frf/ x' g ] d' n ' s 8] g dfs{ /
Go'lhNofG8 x'g\.

oyfl:yltdf====
;Demf}tf ljkl/t g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf]
e"ldsfnfO{ a]jf:tf ug]{ u/]sf] atfP.
d' n ' s df ;Rrf sDo' lgi6x?aLr
Pstfsf] ljsNk g/x]sf] eGb} pgn]
oyfl:yltdf eg] s;};Fu Pstf gx'g]
atfP. kb / k};fsf] kl5 nfu]sf
sf/0f Pdfcf]j fbLsf zLif{ g] tfx?
ktgsf] af6f] t km{ cl3 a9] s f]
ljKnasf] syg lyof]. sfo{qmddf
:jtGq k|hftflGqs 6 ]8 o' lgog
dxf;+3sf s]lGb|o dxf;lrj;lxt
pkfWoIf, sf]iffWoIf / ;b:o u/L rf/
bh{geGbf a9L g]tf sfo{stf{ g]skf
dfcf] j fbL lgs6 clvn g] k fn
qmflGtsf/L 6]8 o'lgog dxf;+3df
k|j]z u/]sf 5g\. sfo{qmddf clj/
nufP/ kf6L{ k|a]z u/fpFb} ;lrj
ljKnjn] dhb' /sf] clwsf/nfO{
;+:yfut ug{ / dhb'/ juL{o kf6L{
lgdf{0fsf nflu ;a} pTkLl8t dhb'/x?
Pstfj4 eP/ lg0ff{os qmflGtsf nflu
nfUg'kg]{ atfP. clvn g]kfn qmfltsf/L
68] o"lgog dxf;+3sf ;+of]hs /fdbLk
cfrfo{n] dhb'/ juL{o kf6L{ lgdf{0f
clxn] k|d'v sfo{ef/ ePsfn] ;a}
pTkLl8t dhb'/x? qmflGtsf/L dhb'/
cfGbf]ng jl/k/L uf]na4 x'gk' g]{ wf/0ff
/fv]. ;f] sfo{qmddf :jtGq k|hftflGqs
68] o'lgog dxf;+3sf pkfWoIf a'l4gfy
lzjfsf]6L, sf]iffWoIf d~h' e/fO{nufot
rf/ bh{geGbf a9L g]tf sfo{stf{
g]skfdfcf]jfbL lgs6 clvn g]kfn
qmflGtsf/L 68] o'lgog dxf;+3df k|jz
]
u/]sf lyP .

Pdcf/kL====

aif{leqdf of] sfd ul/;Sg] 5f}+.

;"rgf ;+sng u/]/ lgj]bg kmf/fd
Nofpg ;s] , /fxbfgL ag] k l5

b'tfjf;dfkm{t\ k7fpg ;lsg] pgn]

atfP. xfn ld;gxdf kof{ Kt
sd{rf/L gePsfn] w]/} sfdbf/ x'g]
d'ns
' df /fxbfgLsf nflu 7"nf] rfk kg{]
u/]sf] 5. ld;gdfkm{t\ /fxbfgL agfpbf
cf};tdf # dlxgf ;do nfUg] u5{.
kl5Nnf] ;do x:tlnlvt /fxbfgL
lnP/ ljb]z hfg gkfOg] xNnfn]
ljefudf ;d]t /fxbfgL agfpg
cfpg]sf] le8 XjfQ} a9]sf] 5. pgn]
x:tlnlvt /fxbfgL cem} Ps aif{
k|of]u ug{;lsg] atfP. Pdcf/kL
geP tTsfn} ljb]z hfg kfOb}g eg]/
xtfl;g' kb}{g, vgfnn] eg], t/
qmlds kdf Pdcf/kL agfpg]
k|lqmof yfKbf /fd|f] x'g]5. ljefudf
dfq} b'|t ;]jfcGt/ut !) xhf/
k}of lt/]/ /fxbfgL agfpg b}lgs
# xhf/ xf/fxf/Ldf lgj]bg kg]{ u/]sf]
5. kl5Nnf] Ps dlxgfdf cfj]bgsf]
;+Vofdf XjfQ} j[l4 cfPsf] ljefun]
hgfPsf] 5. /fxbfgL agfpg]sf] rfk
a9]kl5 ljefun] a}zfv ! b]lv tLg
sfpG6/ yk]/ ( agfO;s]sf] 5.
o:t}, ;]jfnfO{ l56f] agfpg o;cl3sf]
lgj] bg kmf/fddf kl/jt{ g u/L
OG6]lnh]G6 Sof/]S6/ l/slug;g cfO;Lcf/_ kmf/fd k|of]udf NofPsf]
5. of] kmf/fdsf] cIf/ a9L :ki6
b]lvg] / bf]xf]/f] 8]6f OlG6/ ug{'gkg]{
pgn] hfgsf/L lbP. kmf/fdsf] 8]6f
k|df0fLs/0f zfvfaf6 kl/If0f ePkl5
l;w}F 5kfOdf hfG5, pgn] eg],
o;cl3 b}lgs $ xhf/ /fxbfgL
pTkfbg ug{] u/]sf]df gofF kmf/fd
k|0ffnL nfu' u/]kl5 of] ;+Vof b}lgs
^ xhf/ k'u]sf] 5.
xfn lhNnf, ljb]zL lgof]u /
ljefudf u/L b}lgs em08} * xhf/
/fxbfgLsf] dfu x'g] u/]sfn] spTkfbg
;+Vof a9fP/ dfucg'k k"lt{ ug]{
of]hgf /x]sf] ljefun] hgfPsf] 5.
ljefun] ;g @)!) sf] l8;]Da/ @)
b]lv Pdcf/kL lbg yfn] sf] xf].
To;otf !* nfv Pdcf/kL ljt/0f
ul/;s]sf] 5. o;}aLr ljefun]
j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;foL / 6fen
Ph]G;Lx;Fu olts} /x]sf k'/fgf]
x:tlnlvt /fxbfgL ;+sng ug]{ ePsf]
5. 6fen Ph]G;L / Joj;foL;Fu
olts} ylGsPsf x:tnlvt
/fxbfgLsf] ;+V of xhf/f}+ /x]sfn]
To;nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug]{ k| lqmof
yflnPsf] xf]. /fxbfgLh:tf] s'/f
olts} /fVg' ;'/Iffsf] b[li6n] klg /fd|f]
gx'g] ePsfn] To;nfO{ ;+sng u/L
Joj:yfkg ug{nfu]sf xf}+, vgfnn]
eg]. o;af/] yk 5nkmn u/L slxn]
/ s;/L sfd yfNg] eGg] 6'u+ f]df k'lug]
pgn] atfP. ;+3, /fxbfgL / >d
ljefu ldn]/ To:tf /fxbfgL ;+sng
ug{ ] 5g. lglZrt Dofb lbP/
;DjlGwt JolStnfO{ tL /fxbfgL lng
af] n fOg] 5 . To;cjlwdf lng
gcfPsf /fxbfgLnfO{ gi6 ul/g]
vgfnn] hfgsf/L lbP. clxn]
eO/x]sf gSsnL /fxbfgL agfpg],
a]Rg] / x/fpg]h:tf ;d:of To;kl5
;dfwfg x'g5
] g, pgn] eg].

k|w fgdGqL====

lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 eg] dw'/ of]uLnfO{

lgjf{rg cfof]udf kb:yfkg ug]{
lg0f{o u/]sf] 5. a}7sn] bfr{'nf
nufot ljleGg :yfgdf k|fs[lts
ljktsf kLl8txnfO{ ;x'lnot
Aofhb/df C0f pknAw u/fpg]
lg0f{o;d]t u/]sf] 5.

r'
/]= ===
a' emfPsf] k| ltj] bgpk/ ;/sf/n]

csf{] lg0f{o gu?~h]n cfGbf]ngsf

;a} sfo{qmd :ylut u/]sf] hfgsf/L
lbP. of] sfo{ b naf6 qm;/
Joj;foLsf ;d:of bL3{sfnLg kdf
;dfwfg x'g] ljZjf; klg dxf;+3n]
lj1lKtdfkm{ t\ JoSt u/] s f] 5.
:oftfg eg] ;/sf/n] :ki6 gLlt
agfpg g;Sbf ;d:of bf]xf]l//x]sf]
l6Kk0fL u5{g\. k6sk6s sfo{bn
u7g ug]{ / qm;/ Joj;foLsf] bafadf
sfof{Gjogaf6 kl5 x6\g] k|j[lQ 5,
pgn] eg], x/]srf]l6 o:tf] ;d:of
bf]xf]l//xG5. s'g} klg dfkb08 nfu"
ubf{ s;} g s;}nfO{ xfgL x'g] pNn]v
ub}{ pgn] eg], /fHosf] kmfObfnfO{
;jf]{k/L 7fg]/ lg0f{o ug'{k5{ s'g} a}+s

jf JolStsf] nufgL 8'A5 eg]/ /fHosf]

k| f s[ l ts ;| f ] t bf] x g ug{ ] 5' 6
lbg'x'Fb}g. Joj;foLnfO{ 3f6f nfU5
eg] Ifltk"lt{ lbP/ eP klg k|fs[lts
;|f]t;fwg /fHon] hf]ufpg'kg{] pgn]
atfP. @)&) c;f/ @& ut]
tTsfnLg
dlGqkl/ifb\ n ]
dfkb08ljk/Lt rln/x]s f qm;/
pBf] u @)&! c;f/ d;fGtleq
:yfgfGt/0f ug'{kg]{nufot dfkb08
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] lyof]. To;f] gu/]
pBf] u aGb ul/g] r] tfjgL;d] t
lbPsf] lyof]. dfkb08 kfngf ug'{kg]{
lbg glhlsPkl5 qm;/ Joj;foLxn]
;/sf/nfO{ bafa lbg j}zfv !^ af6
cfGbf]ng yfn]sf x'g\ . r'/I] f]qaf6 Ps
lsnf]ld6/, /fhdfu{ vf]nfgbL lsgf/
/ kSsL k'naf6 kfFr ;o ld6/,
xfO6]G;g nfOgaf6 ;o ld6/, lzIf0f
;+ : yf, :jf:Yo ;+ : yf, wfld{ s ,
;fF:s[lts, k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf :yfg,
;'/Iff lgsfo, jg lgs'~h / cf/If,
3gfa:tLaf6 b'O{ lsnf]ld6/leq qm;/
;~rfng ug{ gkfpg] Joj:yf
dfkb08df 5. clwsf+ z qm;/
pBf]un] plNnlvt dfkb08 kfngf
u/]sf 5}gg\. ToxL eP/ dxf;+3n]
r' / ] , dWojtL{ If] q , jgh+ u n,
vf] n fgbL, /fhdfu{ lsgf/ /
a:tL;Fus
} f pBf]u oyfjt\ ;~rfng
ug{ ldNg] u/L dfkb08 vf/]h ug{'kg]{
dfu /fv]sf] xf]. dxf;+3sf cg';f/
qm;/ tyf vfgL pBf]usf] ;+Vof &
;o 5. ;/sf/n] r'/]If]q hf]ufpg]
gfddf emG8} Ps ca{ k}ofF vr{
u/] klg qm;/ Joj;foLsf] bafa;fd'
un]/ r'/] bf]xgnfO{ g} k|>o ldNg]
lg0f{o ljutdf klg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5.
@)&) ebf} !& ut] tTsfnLg
dlGqkl/ifbn] r' / ] bf] x g x' g ] u/L
bh{geGbf a9L lgodsfg'g ldr]/
9'+ufluL pTvgg\ ug{ Joj;foLnfO{
5'6 lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof]. Tolta]nf
dlGqkl/ifbn] sfg'gadf] lhd btf{
ePsf t/ jftfj/0fLo cWoog ug{
afFsL / dfkb08 kfngf gu/]sf qm;/
pBf]u @)&) r}tleq aGb ug{'kg]{
cl3Nnf] lg0f{o ;+zf]wg ub}{ @)&!
c;f/ d;fGt;Ddsf] Dofb yk]sf]
lyof]. clxn] ToxL Dofb klg 6fg]{
k| k~rdf ;a} hgf nfu] s f 5g\ .
tTsfnLg ;+;b\sf] k|fs[lts ;|ft] ;fwg
;ldltn] @)^^ df r' / ] e fj/
nufotsf 9'u+ f, luL, afn'jf pTvgg\
/ lgsf;L cWoog;DaGwL k|ltj]bg
tyf @)^& df jg ;+/If0f ;d:of
cWoog k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/]sf] lyof].
To;} cfwf/df ;/f] s f/jfnf
dGqfnonfO{ tLg, 5 dlxgf / Ps
jif{leq ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj / lgb]{zg
lbOPsf] lyof]. rf/ jif{ lalt;Sbf
klg s'g} sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g. r'/]
/ r'/]km]bdf cglws[t kn] qm;/
pBf]u rln/x]sf 5g\. r'/] bf]xg u/L
7" n f] kl/df0fdf 9' + ufluL ef/t
lgsf;L eO/x]sf] 5. of] qmd hf/L
/x] ;du| t/fO{ If]q d?e"dLs/0f x'g]
r] t fjgL lbOP klg ;/sf/n]
sfof{Gjogdf rf;f] b]vfPsf] 5}g.
;ldltn] tTsfn sfof{Gjog ug{ egL
lbPsf d'Vo ;'emfj / lgb{]zgsf]
cj:yf ;a} e Gbf bogLo 5.
sfg'gadf]lhd btf{ geO{ ;~rflnt
qm;/ pBf] u tTsfn} aGb u/L
pTkflbt 9'+uf, /f]8f, u|fe]n, afn'jf
;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non]
sAhfdf lnO{ lnnfd a9fa9 ug{
pBf]u / u[x dGqfnonfO{ lgb]{zg
lbOPsf] lyof]. To:tf cglws[t
pBf]u cem} rln/x]s} 5g\. wg'iff
lhNnfdf dfq} gf}j6f pBf]u ljgf btf{
;~rfng eO/x] s f] 5. To:t} ,
PS:sfe]6/ k|of]udf /f]s nufpg
:yfgLo ljsf; / jg dGqfnonfO{
lbOPsf] lgb{]zg klg v]/ uPsf] 5.
s]x L ;docl3 gful/sn] u/] sf]
:ynut e|d0f qmddf wg'iffsf] sdnf
tyf cf} /xL vf]n f, slknj:t' sf]
jf0fu+uff / gjnk/f;Lsf] 808f tyf
kTy/ vf]nfdf v'n]cfd PS:sfe]6/
k|of]u eO/x]sf lyP. qm;/nfO{ jg
If]qaf6 b'O{ lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f nUg,
a:tLsf] aLr, gbL lsgf/ tyf
k' n lgs6sf pBf] u x6fpg] /
:yfgfGt/0f ug]{ lgb]z
{ gsf] klg wHhL
p8]sf] 5. qm;/ pBf]ux r'/],

sf];L 6Kk' cf/If r/f / cgf{sf] ;+;f/

sf7df8f}F . b]zsf] ;aeGbf ;fgf] cf/If sf];L 6Kk' r/f / cgf{sf nflu k|Voft 5.
htf;'s} af6f] ePsf] of] cf/If yf]/} ;dosf] 5'Ldf 3'Dgsf nflu pko'St 7fpF xf]. s]
ToxfF r/f dHhfn] b]lvG5< htftt} 5g\< cgf{sf] 8/ x'bF f] xf]nf< o:tf cfdk|Zg x'g,\
h;sf] pQ/ sf];L6Kk' hfg rfxg]n] yfxf kfpg rfxG5g\. k|:yfgsf] tof/L cl3 k|Zg
7f]lsG5g\. d eG5', s] tkfO{n+ ] rfx]sf a]nf eFu/] f x]g{ ;Sg'xG' 5< sfu / kL x]g{
;Sg'xG' 5< ;/n nfUg] k|Zgsf pQ/ cln hl6n 5g\. r/f :jtGq 5g\. pgLxsf]
nf]stGq xfd|fe] Gbf uxlsnf] / nf]enfUbf] 5. xfdLn] eg]sf a]nf pgLxn] b]vf
kl/lbg'kg]{ afWotf 5}g, To:t} 5 sf];L6Kk'df. sf];L Aof/]h sf6]/ k"jc{ fpFbf hxfFaf6
afn'jfsf] efu ;'? x'G5g\, of] sf];L 6Kk's} dWojtL{ If]q xf]. /fhdfu{df hd'jf rf]saf6
b'O{ lsnf]ld6/ pQ/ nfu]kl5 cf/Ifsf] sfof{no / ;]gfsf] Aof/]s cfOk'U5. ;'g;/Lsf]
klZrd s'zfxfdf kg]{ of] If]qdf clnslt klZrd nfu]/ sf];Lsf] k"jt{ 6aGw pSng] xf]
eg] ;'? x'G5, oxfFsf 56f x]g{ ofqf. o;} ;ftf cd]l/sfsf] Soflnkmf]lg{ofsL a8{jfr/
Pn]g Pd/d]gnfO{ 3'dfpg sf];L cfPsf r/fljb\ ;f]d lh;Ln] eg], Ps 306fsf] ofqfdf
xfdLn] tLg k|sf/sf nf6f]sf];/] f], lu4, To;sf tLgj6f u'8F , cgf{ / rf/kfFr k|hfltsf
r/f b]Vof}F . kmfu'gr}t r/f cjnf]sgsf] dlxgf xf]Og. lh;Lsf] 6f]nLn] k|lts"n
df};ddf klg r/f b]Vgb]vfpg kfpg' ;do pgsf nflu alnof] eOlbPsfn] xf].
Pn]gn] elgg\, xfdLn] ;lhn} lxF8fOdf s]xL r/f / cgf{ b]Vg kfof}F . w]/} v';L nfUof].
ktem8sf] ofd, udL{ a9\g] a]nf / xfjf rNg] dlxgfdf lxpFbsf] lr;f] 5Ng em/]sf kG5L
k'/fgf] ynf] kmls{;s]sf x'G5g\. of] r/f x]g{ ] ;do xf]Og t/, sf];Ldf r/f b]Vg kfOg]
/x]5, lh;Ln] eg], afFwdf kSsL ;8s agfOP5. cln xfdL k|sl[ tk|d] Lsf nflu r/f /
jGohGt'sf] k|fs[lts af;df dfG5]sf x:tIf]k sd} xf];\ eGg] dfG5]. cln c;lhnf]
nfUof]. c?0f, lnv', b'wsf];L, tfdfsf];L, ;'gsf];L, tdf]/ / OGb|fjtL gbL r'/d] l' Gt/
em/]kl5 ;Ktsf];L gbL ag]sf] 5. ;Ktsf];L ag]/ d}bfgdf km/flsnf] ePkl5 g} o;n]
6fk' agfPsf] If]q sf];L 6Kk'sf kdf ljsl;t ePsf] xf]. ;'g;/L, ;Kt/L / pbok'/sf
ljleGg e"efu hf]l8Psf] cf/Ifsf] If]qkmn !&% ju{ lsnf]ld6/ 5. nfdf] ;dob]lv
jftfj/0fLo hgr]tgfsf sfo{qmddf cfa4 ;'g;/L k|sfzk'/sf /ljg l3ld/] eG5g\,
sf];Lsf] ;DefJotf / oxfF kfOg] cgf{ -h+unL e};+ L_ b'ne{ eGg] yfxf kfP/ ;/sf/n]
o;nfO{ cf/If 3f]if0ff u/]sf] xf]. sf];Lsf] k"jL{ t6aGw 5]p kfgL cfpg] lr:ofg If]q
5g\. jif}e{ l/ lr:ofg /xg] ePsfn] of] If]qdf l;d;f/sf r/f x]g{ ;lsg] pgn] atfP.
b'O6f efu 5g\ 6Kk'sf Pp6f x]g{ sf];L t/]/ 8'u+ fdf leqsf] 6fk' k'Ug'k5{. csf]{ k"jL{
afFwa} fFw lxF8b\ f klg b]lvG5. w]/n} ] k"jL{ t6aGw dfq} b]v/] hfg] u/]sf] pgn] atfP.
sf];L 6Kk'df r/f / cgf{ x]g{ clns ;do km';b{ lnP/ cfpg'k5{. Psfw 306fsf]
;km/df klg r/fr'?L b]lvg ;S5g\. t/, o;sf] nflu efUodfgL x'gk' 5{. sf];L
Aof/]hb]lv pQ/ t6aGwsf] #@ lsnf]ld6/ If]q dd{t ;+ef/sf] lhDdf ef/tLo sf];L
k|fh] S] 6sf] efudf k5{. %^ 9f]sf ePsf] Aof/]hsf] lgoGq0f klg pSt k|fh] S] 6cGtu{ts}
lhDd]jf/L xf]. @)^% ebf} @ df sf];Lsf k"jL{ t6aGw elTsFbf gbLn] axfjsf] lbzf km]//]
ufpF k;]sf] lyof]. jif{ lbg nufP/ t6aGw agfOof]. dd{tsf nflu 9'jfgL / lg/LIf0fdf
;jf/L;fwg u'l8/xG5g\. To;}n] of] If]qdf k|fh
] S] 6n] clxn] sfnf]kq] ;8s agfPsf] 5.
cf/Ifsf] sfof{no klZrd s'zfxfdf 5. oxfFaf6 cg'dlt lnP/ sfnf]kq] ;8s x'bF } 6Kk'
If]q 3'Dg ;lsG5. cg'kd h}ljs ljljwtf ePsf] If]q xf], t/ o;sf] ;+/If0f ug{k' 5{
hf]ufpg'k5{ eGg] efjgfeGbf l;WofpF vfpF eGg] tTj a9L eP, cf/Ifsf ;+/If0f clws[t
u+uf/fd l;+xn] eg], b]zs} ;a}eGbf ;fgf] cf/If eP klg oxfF yf]/} 3'dfOdf w]/y} f]s x]g{
;lsG5. hf]ufpg] sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g. Ps bzskl5 k'gM sf];Ld}
;?jf cfPsf l;+x 6Kk'sf ljifodf ;/sf/ hlts} uDeL/tf cf;kf;sf uflj;sf hgtfdf
x'gk' g]{ wf/0ff /fV5g\. 6Kk' If]qdf xfn;Dd $ ;o (@ k|hfltsf r/f /]s8{ ePsf 5g\. oxfF
b'O{ ;o xf/fxf/L l;d;f/df cf>lt r/fsf k|hflt b]lvPsf] /]s8{ 5. r/fljb\ ab|L rf}w/L
eG5g\, klxn] klxn] b]lvPsf r/fsf k|hflt clxn] plQs} ;+Vofdf b]lvG5g\b]lvFbg} g\ eg]/
km]l/ Ps k6s dHhfn] cWoog ug'k{ g]{ a]nf eO;s]sf] 5. 6Kk' If]qdf kl5Nnf] k6s
v/do'/sf] cWoog ul/Psf] lyof] eg] oxfF lkml; Sof6 -df5f l;sf/ ug]{ h+unL la/fnf]_ sf]
;+Vof pNn]Vo /x]sf] cjnf]sgstf{n] e]6s
] f lyP. x]g{ ] s'/f w]/} 5g\, t/ o;n] lrtjg / c?
cf/Iflgs'~hh:tf] cfsif{0f kfPg, rf}w/Ln] eg], ;Defjgf 5 eg]/ dfq} gx'g] . oxfF
nufgL cfP, 3'Dg]x w]/} cfP g} k|rf/k|;f/ / ljsf; x'bF } hfg] xf].
6Kk' If]qdf b'O6f l/;f]65{ g\. logsf kfx'gf j/k/ lhNnfaf6 cfpg] 3'dGt] eg] sd}
dfq x'G5g\. glhs kg]{ /fdw'gL h+un If]qdf lu4sf nflu s]xL dlxgfotf h6fo' /]:6'/G] 6
;~rfngdf cfPsf] 5. lxdfnL k|sl[ t / o'rk] g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf /fdw'gL ;fd'bflos
jg pkef]Stf ;ldltn] dx]Gb|gu/( sf] jgdf :yfkgf u/]sf] /]:6'/G] 6n] d/]sf rf}kfof
lu4nfO{ cfxf/sf nflu /flvlbG5. oxfF !( j6f a'9f ufO{ kflnPsf 5g\. ;~rfns
;b:o of]uz
] vltj8fn] eg], oxfF cfP/ lu4n] cfxf/f vfPsf] dfq} xf]Og, of] If]qdf
ltgsf u'8F klg x]g{ ;lsG5. of] klg 6Kk's} If]qdf k5{. pgsf cg';f/ 6Kk'sf] k|rf/ /
k|a4{gdf :yfgLo hfu?s x'g g;Sg' dfq} xf]Og, ;/sf/L sfo{qmdn] g} x]ks
] f sf/0f
ko{6g km:6fpg g;s]sf] xf]. ;lhn} lxF8fOdf x]g{ ;lsg] w]/y} f]s oxfF 5g\. ;a}lt/ af6f]
k'us
] f 5g\, pgn] eg], slxn]sfxLF h+unL xfQLsf hTyf cfP eg] 8/ x'g] xf] cGoyf
To:tf] 8/ dfg]/ 3'Dg kb}g{ . cf/Ifn] tLg jif{kl5 o; k6s cgf{sf] ;+Vof u0fgf u/]sf]
5. ;+/If0f clws[t l;+xsf cg';f/ cl3Nnf] u0fgfeGbf ^* j6f a9]sf] kfOPsf] 5.
e};+ Lsf] h+unL k|hflt g} cgf{ xf]. :] sf];L 6Kk'sf] k|rf/ r/fdf cln l9nf] cgf{sf nflu
l56f] ePsf] xf], pgn] eg], cgf{ of] cf/Ifsf] ljz]iftf / 6fpsf] b'vfO b'j} xf]. /}yfg]
e};+ L;Fu cgf{sf efn] qm; u/fPkl5 hGdg] kf8fkf8L dxFuf] d"Nodf laqmL x'G5. oxL
nf]en] cf/If :yfkgfb]lv g} oxfF /}yfg] e};+ L 7"nf] ;+Vofdf 5fl8Psf 5g\. blIf0fL 8'afgdf
ef/tLosf e};+ L uf]7x 5g\. hxfF cgf{sf efn] e};+ L vf]Hb} cfpF5g\. cgf{ aflx/ lg:s]/
b'36{gfdf kg],{ ufpFns
] f afnL rg]{ klg e+;} Ls} sf/0f x'g,\ pgn] eg], /}yfg] ufO{e;+ } L
cf/Ifsf] ;+/lIft If]qaf6 aflx/ lgsfNg g;Sbf;Dd cK7]/} b]V5'. cf/Ifn] x6fpg] k|of;
a;]l{ g u5{. slt k6s ;]gf nufP/ e};+ L uf]nL xfgL dfl/Psf 36gf klg eP. t/,
oxfFaf6 /}yfg] e};+ L x6fOPsf 5}gg\. cgf{sf] cfg'jl+ zstfdf e};+ Lsf sf/0f ;+s6
eO/x]sf] pgn] atfP. cgf{ /}yfg] e+;} LeGbf s]xL v}/f]sfnf] / 3'8F fdf ;]tf] ePsf x'G5g\.
/}yfg]sf t'ngfdf alnof / cln rnfv klg x'G5g\. o; k6s r}t !) b]lv rf/ lbg
nufP/ &) hgfsf] 6f]nL u0fgfsf nflu cf/Ifdf k;]sf] lyof]. u0fgfaf6 %@ jo:s
efn] / (* kf]yL;lxt # ;o @& j6f cgf{ kfOPsf] cf/Ifn] hgfPsf] 5. 3fF;d] b} fg /
l;d;f/ If]q ?rfpg] cgf{ d'ns
' df sf];Ld} dfq kfOG5. of] hGt' x]gs
{ f nflu g]kfnafx]s
glhsdf c;dsf] sflh/+uf g];gn kfs{ k'Ug'k5{. @)#@ ;fndf cf/If 3f]if0ff x'bF f
sf];Ldf cgf{sf] ;+Vof ^# u0fgf ePsf] lyof].
r'/]km]b, k'nglhs}, vf]nfsf] au/,
;fd'bflos / /fli6o jgsf] cf8d}
v'n]cfd rln/x]sf 5g\. dxf]Q/L /
wg'iffsf] l;dfgf /ft' vf]nflgs6
qm;/ pBf]u lgw{Ss rln/x]sf 5g\.
l;/xf, af/f, ;nf{x L, gjnk/f;L
;a}lt/ jg;Fu} qm;/ pBf]u 5g\.

gf}= ===

DofbL, dfg;/f]j/ kfj;{sf] uf]df{uf9f,

>Lk xfO8f]sf] ;]tL vf]nf, lqof]u
OghL{sf] ldl8n uLuf9 / Clifs]z
xfO8f]sf] dflyNnf] h'DbLsf] lklkP
vf/]h u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbP. vf/]h
ul/Psf cfof] hgfaf6 s' n $)
d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ul/g] nIo

/flvPsf] lyof]. To;df ;a}eGbf 7"nf]

cfof]hgfdf !$ d]ufjf6sf] dflyNnf]
df]bL dfq} xf]. cGo cfof]hgfx
tLgb]lv kfFr d]ufjf6 dfq}sf x'g\.
j}1flgs / ljZj;gLo k|:tfj k'gM NofP
tL cfof]hgf;Fu k'gM ;Demf}tf ug{]
zfSon] atfP. t/, cfufdL lbgdf oL
ljB't\ cfof]hgfsf k|j4{s;Fu ;Demf}tf
ubf{ ;hu x'g] pgn] atfP. vf/]h
ul/Psf clwsf+ z cfof] h gf;F u
jiff{ofddf ? $=$) / lxpFbdf ? *=*)
df k|flws/0fn] ljB't\ vl/b ;Demf}tf
u/]sf] lyof]. ljB't\ u[x lgdf{0fsf nflu
nfO;]G; lnPsf k|j4{sn] ;dod} sfd
gubf{ b]zsf] ljBdfg nf]8;]l8 emg\
ulxl/Fb} uPsf] 5.

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E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
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