Giao Trinh Plc s7 300 Lý Thuyết Va Ứng Dụng Chương 5 Bộ Hiệu Chỉnh Pid Cac Ham Xử Lý Tin Hiệu Tương Tự Va Ứng Dụng

Trang 54
CHNG 5

BO HIEU CHNH PID, CAC HAM X LY TN HIEU TNG T VA
NG DUNG

5.1 Gii thieu.
Nhieu nam trc ay bo ie u khien PID c coi la bo ie u khien ly
tng o i vi cac o i tng co mo hnh lien tuc. Bo PID thc s la bo ieu
khien ong ma viec thay oi cac tham so cua bo ieu khien co kha nang lam
thay oi ac tnh ong va tnh cua he thong ieu khien t o ng.
Bo ieu khie n PID thc chat la thiet b ieu khien thc hien luat ieu
khien c mo ta bang phng trnh sau:
u
.
(t) = k
p
e(t) +
D
t
I
T d e
T

0
1
e
.
(t)
trong o e(t) la tn hieu vao, u(t) la tn hieu ra cua bo ieu khien, k
p
la he so
khuech ai cua luat ieu khie n ty le , T
I
hang so thi gian tch phan va T
D
la
hang so thi gian vi phan .

Hnh 5.1. ieu khien v i bo ieu khien PID

Vi bo ie u khien PID, ngi s dung de dang tch h p cac luat ieu
khien khac nh luat ieu khien t le (luat P), ieu khien t le - tch phan (luat
PI), ieu khie n t le -vi phan (luat PD). Bo ie u khien PID luo n la mot phan
t khong the thay the c trong cac qua trnh t o ng khong che nhiet o,
mc, toc o
Mot trong nhng ng dung cua bo ieu khie n PID trong ie u khien
thch nghi va ie u khien m la thng xuyen phai chnh nh lai cac tham so
cua no cho phu hp vi s thay oi khong biet trc cua oi tng cung nh
cua moi trng nham am bao c cac ch tieu chat lng a e ra trong he
thong. Neu nh ta a t o ng hoa c cong viec thay oi tham so nay th bo
ieu khien PID o se la mot bo ieu khien be n vng vi moi tac ong cua
nhieu no i cung nh nhieu ngoai le n he thong.
Bo hieu
chnh PID
oi tng
ieu
khien
Ngo ra
Ngo vao
-
e(t)
u(t)
Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM http://www.hcmute.edu.vn
Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn
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Cung chnh v vay ma cac thiet b ieu khien qua trnh nh DCS
Disbuted Control system, PLC Programmeble Logic Control,PCS Process
Control System cua cac hang san xuat thie t b t ong tren the gii kho ng
the thieu c module ieu khien PID hoac cng hoac mem.
e s dung tot cac module nay, ng i thiet ke phai nam c cac
phng phap chon luat ieu khie n va cac tham so cho bo ieu khien.

Trong phan mem Step 7 co nhieu khoi FB e ho tr viec viet chng trnh ieu
khien thiet b s dung luat hieu chnh PID, nh FB40,FB41, FB58, FB59..
5.2 Moun me m FB58
5.2.1 Gii thieu
S o khoi FB58

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Hnh 5.2. S o khoi cua khoi FB58
Hnh 5.3. Ca c cau lenh cua FB58
iem Setpoint
iem Setpoint at ngo vao SP- INT dang so thc nh mot ai lng vat l
hoac t le phan tram. iem setpoint va gia tr x l thng tao thanh sai so
phai co cung mot n v
S la chon gia tr x l (PVPER_ON)
Tuy thuoc vao PVER ON, gia tr co the co c t thiet b ngoai vi hoac
dang so thc
PVER-ON x l gia tr ngo vao:
- TRUE: Gia tr x l c o thong qua thiet b ngoai vi Analog (PIWxxx)
tai ngo
vao PV PER.
- FALSE: Gia tri x l co c dang so thc at tai ngo vao PV-IN.
S chuyen oi gia tr x l bang ham CRP-IN (PER-MOD)
Ham CRP_IN chuyen gia tr ngoai vi sang dang so thc tuy thuoc vao s la
chon PER_MODE

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Viec tieu chuan hoa gia tr x l PV_NORM (PF_FAC, PV_OFFS)
Ham PV_NORM tnh toan gia tr ngo ra cua ha m CRP_IN nh sau:
"Output of PV_NORM" = "Output of CPR_IN" * PV_FAC + PV_OFFS
No c dung vi y nh:
PV_FAC:nh he so cua gia tr x l.
PV_OFFS:s offset cua gia tr x l.
S tieu chuan hoa nhie t o sang t le phan tram: iem setpoint dang %, ta
phai chuyen gia tr nhiet o c o sang t le %.
S tie u chuan hoa t le % sang nhie t o: iem setpoint dang nhiet o ta
phai chuyen ie n ap/dong ien.
Viec tnh toan cac thong so:
- PV_FAC = range of PV_NORM/range of CRP_IN;
- PV_OFFS = LL(PV_NORM) - PV_FAC * LL(CRP_IN);
Vi:
range: dai,vung,mien
LL : gii han di
Vi gia tr mac nh (PV_FAC = 1.0 va PV_OFFS = 0.0) th s tieu chuan
hoa se khong c thch hp th ke t qua gia tr x l la ngo ra tai PV.
V du viec tieu chuan hoa gia tr x l
Neu at gia tr setpoint la t le % va ban co mien nhiet o la (-20 +85)
o
C th
ban phai tieu chuan hoa dai nhiet o thanh t le %.
S o di ay trnh bay mot v du ve viec chuye n mien nhiet o (-
20+85)
o
C sang t le t 0 100%

Hnh 5.4. V du viec tieu chuan hoa gia tr x l

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Hnh thc sai so
S khac biet gia iem setpoint va gia tr x l trc khi b a vao mien
chet se tao ra sai so. iem setpoint va gia tr x l phai co cung kie u n
v(% hoac ai lng vat l)
Mien che t (Deadb_W)
Vi moi mot gia tr, Deaband se a ra mot khoang sai so
Neu DEADB_W = 0 th Deaband se b giam s kch hoat. Sai so c ac
trng bang tho ng so ER

Hnh 5.5. Minh hoa ve mien chet

Thua t toan PID (GAIN, TI, TD, D_F)

S o di ay la s o khoi cua thuat toan PID

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Hnh 5.6. S o khoi cua that toan PID

Thuat toan PID hoat ong nh mot thuat toan ve s nh v. Cac c cau t
le,tch phan,vi phan(DIF) c ket noi song song va co the c kch hoat
hoac khong kch hoa t mot cach rieng le. ie u nay cho phep bo P, bo PI, bo
PID c cau hnh.
S ieu chnh cua ng i ieu khien se ho tr bo PI,PID. Bo ieu khien
nghch c thi hanh khi s dung mot bo GAIN (cooling controller).
Neu set gia tr TI,TD en gia tr 0.0 th ban se thu c mot bo ieu khien P
tai iem hoat ong

Tng bc ap ng trong mien thi gian la:
LMN_Sum(t):la bien tong trong che o t ong cua bo ieu khien
ER (0) : la s thay oi tng bc cua sai so a c chuan hoa
GAIN : o li cua bo ieu khie n
TI : thi gian tch phan
TD :thi gian vi phan
D_ :he so vi phan

Hnh 5.7. Minh hoa cac thong so cua thuat toan PID

Bo tch phan (TI, I_ITL_ON, I_ITLVAL)
Trong ie u khie n tay no c ieu chnh nh sau:
LMN_I = LMN - LMN_P - DISV.
Neu bien van hanh (manipulated variable) b gi i han th c cau I se b ngng
hoat ong. Neu sai so a c cau I tr ve trong khoang cho phep cua bien
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van hanh th c cau I co the c thay oi bang cach: c cau I cua bo ieu
khien co the c kch hoat bi TI = 0.
S hoat ong cua c cau P se b yeu i khi co s thay oi cua iem setpoint.
S hoat ong cu a c cau P se b yeu i khi co s thay oi cua iem
setpoint (PFAC_SP)
e ngan chan s qua tam(vt qua gii han),ban co the lam giam s hoat
ong cua c cau P bang cach s dung he so t le oi v i s thay o i cua
iem setpoint, thong so PFAC_SP. S dung PFAC_SP, ban co the chon cac
gia tr lien tie p t 0.0 1.0 e quyet nh hieu qua cua c cau P khi iem
setpoint thay o i.
- PFAC_SP=1.0: c cau P b anh hng neu iem setpoint b thay oi.
- PFAC_SP=0.0: c cau P hoan toan khong b thay oi neu iem setpoint b
thay
oi.
Viec giam anh hng cua c cau P se at c bang s can bang them
c cau I
Cac nhan to cua c cau vi phan (TD, D_F)
C cau D cua bo ieu khien se b giam kch hoat vi TD = 0.
Neu c cau D c kch hoat ,theo moi quan he gia cac thong so ta co:
TD = 0.5 * CYCLE * D_F
Cai at thong so cua bo ieu khien P va PD vi iem ang hoa t ong
Trong giao dien cua ngi s dung, c cau I kho ng c kch hoat (TI = 0.0)
va c cau (TD = 0.0) cung vay. Sau o cai at cac thong so:
I_ITL_ON = TRUE
I_ITLVAL = iem ang hoat ong.
ieu khien hoi tiep (DISV)
Bien hoi tie p co the c them vao trong ngo vao DISV
Viec tnh toan bien van hanh
S o khoi di ay la s o ve s tnh toan bien van hanh

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Hnh 5.8. S o khoi tnh toan bie n van hanh
Vung ieu khie n (CONZ_ON, CON_ZONE)
Neu CONZ_ON = TRUE, bo ie u khien se hoat ong trong vung ieu
khien. ieu nay co ngha la bo ieu khien hoat o ng theo thuat toan sau:
- Neu PV vt qua gia tr SP_INT gan can tre n cua CON_ZONE, th gia tr
LMN_LLM la gia tr ngo ra nh bien van hanh (ieu khien theo chu trnh
kn)
- Neu PV nam di gia tr SP_INT gan can di cua CON_ZONE,th gia tr
LMN_HLM la gia tr ngo ra nh bien van hanh(ie u khien theo chu trnh
kn)
- Neu PV nam trong khoang vung ieu khien (CON_ZONE) bien van hanh
se gi gia tr cua no lai t LMN_Sum cua thuat toan.
Chu y: S chuyen oi t ieu khien kn sang ieu khien t ong theo chu
trnh kn th s ieu khien se tnh toan 1 khoang tre khoang 20% cua vu ng
ieu khien.

Hnh 5.9. S o vung ieu khie n (CONZ_ON, CON_ZONE)

Trc khi kch hoat vung ieu khien tay, phai chac chan rang vu ng ieu
khien kho ng qua hep, neu vu ng ieu khie n qua nho, s dao ong se xuat
hien trong bien van hanh va bien x l.
Thuan li cua vung ieu khien
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Khi gia tr x l thuoc vung ieu khien , c cau D tao ra mot s giam cc
nhanh cua bien van hanh. ieu nay co ngha la vung ieu khien ch hu ch
khi c cau D c kch hoat. Kho ng co vung ieu khie n, ve c ban c cau P
se lam giam bie n van hanh. Vung ieu khie n se co tac o ng ti s on nh
nhanh hn ma khong co s v t qua gi i han hoac sai lech d i( thap hn tr
so danh ngha).
X l gia tr bang tay (MAN_ON, MAN)
Ban co the bat cong tac ieu khien tay hoac t o ng . Trong ieu khie n tay
bien van hanh c ie u chnh en mot gia tr theo hng dan .
C cau tch phan (INT) c set en gia tr LMN - LMN_P DISV va c cau
vi phan (DIF) c set en gia tri 0 va c ong bo hoa be n trong. Do o
chuyen sang che o t ong se t b va cham hn.
Chu y : trong khi ieu khien tho ng so MAN_ON khong co anh hng g.
S gii han cua bien van hanh LMNLIMIT (LMN_HLM, LMN_LLM)
Gia tr cua bien van hanh c gii han en 2 gia tr gi i han LMN_HLM va
LMN_LLM bi ham LMNLIMIT. Neu s gii han nay at c, ieu nay
c ch nh bi bit tho ng tin QLMN_HLM va QLMN_LLM. Neu bien van
hanh b gii han th c cau se b ngng hoat ong. Neu sai so a c cau I ve
ung vung bien van hanh th c cau I se c phuc hoi.
Tay oi s gii han cua bien ket qua
Neu mien bien van hanh b giam va gia tr mi khong c gii han cua bien
van hanh nam ngoai khoang gii han, th c cau I va gia tr cua bie n van
hanh se b thay oi.
Viec tieu chuan hoa bien va n hanh (LMN_FAC, LMN_OFFS)
Ham LMN_NORM chuan hoa bien van hanh theo cong thc sau:
LMN = LmnN * LMN_FAC + LMN_OFFS
No c dung vi y nh:
LMN_FAC: nh he so cua gia tr x l.
LMN_OFFS: s offset cua gia tr x l.
Gia tr bien van hanh cung co kha nang c nh dang t ben ngoai.
Ham CRP_OUT chuyen so thc sang gia tr ngoai vi theo cong thc sau:
LMN_PER = LMN * 27648/100
Vi gia tr mac nh (LMN_FAC = 1.0 va LMN_OFFS = 0.0) th s chuan
hoa se khong c thch hp. Luc nay ket qua cua bien van hanh la ngo ra
tai LMN.
Ghi nhan va chuyen tai cac thong so cua bo ieu khien
- Viec ghi nhan cac thong so cua bo ieu khien SAVE_PAR
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Neu viec cai at cac thong so hien hanh c dung, ban co the ghi nhan
chung vao mot cau truc ac biet trong ham FB 58"TCONT_CP" trc khi tao
ra mot s thay oi .Neu ban ieu chnh bo ieu khie n, viec cac thong so ghi
nhan c viet e le n thay gia tr trc khi chuyen oi.
PFAC_SP, GAIN, TI, TD, D_F, CONZ_ON va CONZONE c chuyen sang
cau truc PAR_SAVE.
- Viec tai cac thong so a c ghi nhan cua bo ieu khien UNDO_PAR
Ham nay c s dung e kch hoat thong so c cai at cuoi cung cua bo
ieu khien ma ban a ghi nhan e phuc hoi bo ieu khien (ch trong ieu
khien tay)

Hnh 5.10. S o khoi cua viec ghi nhan va chuyen tai cac thong so cua bo
ieu khien

Viec chuyen oi cac thong so gia bo PI va PID LOAD_PID (PID_ON)
Theo qua trnh ieu chnh cac thong so PID va PI se c lu vao trong cau
truc PI_CON va PID_CON. Tuy vao PID_ON,ban co the s dung
LOAD_PID trong ie u khien tay oi v i cac tho ng so PI hoac PID e tao ra
cac thong so cua bo ieu khien

Chu y:
Cac thong so cua bo ieu khien ch c ghi tr lai vao bo ie u khien vi
UNDO_PAR hoac LOAD_PID khi o li cua bo ieu khien khac 0.
LOAD_PID copy cac thong so neu o l i GAIN <> 0 (cac thong so cua mot
trong hai bo PI va PID )
D_F, PFAC_SP co the c set e n gia tr mac nh bang cach ieu chnh.
Nhng gia tr nay sau o co the c xac nh bi ngi ieu chnh.
LOAD_PID khong thay oi cac thong so nay.
Vi LOAD_PID vung ieu khie n luon c tnh toan lai.
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(CON_ZONE = 250/GAIN) ngay khi CONZ_ON = FALSE c set.
Qua trnh chay (Tuning) cua FB 58 "TCONT_CP"
Gii thieu
Vi viec ie u khie n viec chay t ie u chnh cua "TCONT_CP", bo ieu
khien PI/PID cap nhat t ong cac thong so cua bo ie u khien. Co hai
phng thc chay Tuning:
- Chay t ieu chnh bang s tien gan ti iem hoat ong vi s thay o i
tng bc cua iem at.
- Chay t ieu chnh iem hoat ong bang viec at mot bit bat au.
Ca hai cach tren, qua trnh x l c kch thch bi co the la chon
bien gan thay oi. Sau khi ch ra iem uon, cac thong so bo ieu khien
co gia tr va bo ieu khie n c khi hoat ong t ong va tie p tuc
ieu khien vi nhng thong so nay.
Ban co the ieu khie n viec chay ie u chnh bang viec s du ng cac
thong so c thie t lap tren giao dien chng trnh thiet ke.
Cac bc tien hanh:
- Start -> Simatic Manager -> Project -> Block -> DB58 -> Option ->
Curve Recorder

Hnh 5.11. Man hnh cap nhat o th

- Thiet lap cac thong so vao sau khi vao Curve Recorder nhap vao
Setting
( cai at thong so )

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Hnh 5.12. Man hnh cai at thong so
- Sau khi cai at thong so xong ta vao Data Block -> Open Oline ->
Option Controller Tuning
Ket qua
Cac thong so ieu khien c cap nhat trong qua trnh FB58
"TCONT_CP" chay t ieu chnh.
Nhan to e lam giam thong so tac ong P la PFAC_SP = 0.8
- o li cua bo ieu khien GAIN
- Thi gian bo tch phan: TI
- Thi gian bo vi phan: TD
- Nhan to bo vi phan: D_F = 5.0
- Vung ieu khien Control zone on/off: CONZ_ON
- o rong vung Control zone: CON_ZONE

Hnh 5.13. o th ket qua cua qua trnh cap nhat thong so

V du ve lam giam ap ng ieu khien vi PFAC_SP
Thong so qua trnh:
GAIN = 6
T1 = 50s
T2 = 5s
Thong so bo ieu khien:
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Trang 66
GAIN = 6
TI = 19.6s

Bang 5.2: Chu thch ket qua cua o th

5.2.2 Cac thong so cua FB58

A
CH
THONG
SO
IN/OUT KIEU
D
LIEU
VUNG
GT
GT
AU
MO TA
0.0 PV_IN INPUT REAL Tuy
cam
bien s
dung
0.0 PROCESS VARIABLE
IN.
Gia tr khi tao co the
at au vaoprocess
variable on hoac t
bien qua trnh c
bieu dien di dang so
thc dau phay ong
4.0 PV_PER INPUT INT 0 PROCESS VARIABLE
PERIPHERY
Bien qua trnh c noi
vi CPU thong qua
cong vao tng t.
6.0 DISV INPUT REAL 0.0 DISTURBANCE
VARIABLE
oi vi ieu khien
thuan bien nhieu se
Thi
gian
th
He so
SP
Chu thch o vot lo
8:18 1.0 C cau P khong co s hoi tiep 32%
8:19 0.8 C cau P co s hoi tiep 20%, s
ap ng ie u khien ieu kien
tot nhat
2%
8:20 0.0 C cau P hoi tiep hoan toan, s
chan ong giam manh.
-
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Trang 67
c no i ngo vao
disturbance variable
10.0 INT_HPO
S
INPUT BOOL FALS
E
INTEGRAL ACTION
HOLD IN POSITIVE
DIRECTION .
Ngo ra cua c cau I co
the c ch ra trong
mot pham vi trc tie p.
e at c ieu nay,
ngovao INT_HPOS
phai c set en gia
tr TRUE . Trong tng
t ie u khie n,
INT_HPOS cua bo ieu
khien au tien c ket
noi e n ngo
QLMN_HLM cua bo
ieu khien th 2
10.1 INT_HNE
G
INPUT BOOL FALS
E
INTEGRAL ACTION
HOLD IN NEGATIVE
DIRECTION.
Ngo ra cua c cau I co
the c ch ra trong
mot hng phu nh.
e at c ieu nay
,ngo vao INT_HPOS
phai c set en gia
tr TRUE . Trong tng
t ie u khie n,
INT_HPOS cua bo ieu
khien au tien c ket
noi e n ngo
QLMN_LLM cua bo
ieu khien th 2
12.0 SELECT INPUT INT 0EN
3
0 SELECTION OF CALL
PID AND PULSE
GENERATOR.
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Neu may phat sung
c kch hoa t, co mot
vai cach e goi thuat
toan PID va bo phat
sung.
SELECT =0: Bo ieu
khien se c go i trong
mot chu k nhanh mc
o gian oan, thuat toa
PID va bo phat sung se
c x l.
SELECT =1:Bo ieu
khoi OB1 va ch thuat
toan PID c x l.
SELECT = 2: bo ieu
mot chu k nhanh mc
o gian oan va ch bo
phat sung c x l.
SELECT =3: Bo ieu
mot chu k cham mc
o gian oan va ch
thuat toan PID c x
l.
14.0 PV OUTPU
T
REAL Tuy
cam
bien s
dung
0.0 PROCESS VARIABLE
Tn hieu qua trnh c
xuat qua cong ra
process variable
18.0 LMN OUTPU
T
REAL 0.0 MANIPULATED
VARIABLE
Gia tr ra c thiet lap
bang tay tho ng qua
cong ra manipulated
variable
22.0 LMN_PER OUTPU INT 0 MANIPULATED
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T VARIABLE
PERIPHERY.
Gia tr au ra thiet lap
bang tay theo kie u bieu
dien phu hp vi cac
cong vao/ra tng t
c chon qua ngo
ramanipulated variable
periphery
24.0 QPULSE OUTPU
T
BOOL FALS
E
OUTPUT PULSE
SIGNAL.
Khi co gia tr xung
c kch hoat th se co
tn hieu ra tai ngo ra
QPULSE
24.1 QLMN
HLM
OUTPU
T
BOOL FALS
E
HIGH LIMIT OF
MANIPULATED
VARIABLE
REACHED.
Cong ra hight limit of
manipulated variable
reached thong bao gia
tr cua bien qua trnh
vt qua gia tr gii
han
24.2
QLMN_LL
M
OUTPU
T
BOOL FALS
E
LOW LIMIT OF
MANIPULATED
VARIABLE
REACHED
Cong ra low limit of
manipulated variable
reached thong bao
gia t cua bien qua trnh
nho hn gia tr gi i han
24.3 QC_ACT OUTPU
T
BOOL TRUE NEXT CYCLE, THE
CONTINUOUS
CONTROLLER IS
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WORKING.
Thong so nay se c
ch ro khi co hay khong
trang thai ieu khien
tiep theo se c thi
hanh tai lan goi tiep
theo (ch thch hp khi
SELECT co gia tr 1
hoac 0)
26.0 CYCLE INPUT/
OUTPU
T
REAL 0.001
s
0.1s SAMPLE TIME OF
CONTINUOUS
CONTROLLER[s].
Tai ay se set thi gian
mau oi v i thuat toan
PID. Bo ieu chnh
trong pha th nhat va
a vao CYCLE. Thi
gian lay mau la khoang
thi gian khong oi
gia cac lan kho i c
cap nhat.
30.0 CYCLE_P INPUT/
OUTPU
T
REAL 0.001
s
0.02s SAMPLE TIME OF
PULSE
GENERATOR[s].
Tai ngo vao nay, ban
a vao thi gian mau
oi v i may phat xung.
FB 58 TCONT_CP
tnh toan th i gian mau
trong pha th nhat va
a no vao trong
CYCLE_P.
34.0 SP_INT INPUT/
OUTPU
T
REAL vung
gia tr
cua gia
tr x l
0.0 INTERNAL
SETPOINT
au vao internal
setpoint c s dung
e thiet lap tn hie u chu
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ao.
38.0 MAN INPUT/
OUTPU
T
REAL 0.0 MANUAL VALUE.
Cong vao manual
value c s dung e
at gia tr bang cac
ham giao dien
42.0 COM_RST INPUT/
OUTPU
T
BOOL FALS
E
COMPLETE
RESTART
Khoi co chc nang khi
tao lai he thong hoan
toan khi au vao
complete restart c
thie t lap gia tr logic
TRUE
42.1 MAN_ON INPUT/
OUTPU
T
BOOL TRUE MANUAL
OPERATION ON.
Khi au vao manual
operation on co gia tr
logic TRUE mach vong
ieu khien se b ngat,
cac gia tr se c thiet
lap bang tay.
90.0 PVPER_O
N
INPUT BOOL FALS
E
PROCES VARIABLE
PERIPHERY ON
Neu ban muon gia tr
x l c oc thong
qua thie t b I/O, ngo
vao PV_PER phai c
ket noi en I/O va gia
tr x l ngoai vi phai
c set len (TRUE).
186.5 LOAD_PI
D
INPUT/
OUTPU
T
BOOL FALS
E
LOAD OPTIMIZED
PI/PID PARAMETERS

186.6 PID_ON INPUT/
OUTPU
T
BOOL FALS
E
PID MODE ON
PID controller:
PID_ON = TRUE
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PI controller:
PID _ON = FALSE

5.3 HAM FC105, FC106
e thuat l i trong qua trnh x ly cac tn hieu tng t phan mem Step 7 co san
ham th vien FC105,FC106
5.3.1 Ham FC105_nh t le ga tr ngo vao Analog

Hnh 5.14. Ca c cau lenh cua ham FC105

- V du: Mc ay trong bon c o bang lt .Bo
chuyen oi o c chon 500 lt th tng ng
vi mot gia tr o la 10V.
- T le: Module Analog chuyen oi gia tr analog
10V thanh so nguye n 27 648. Gia tr nay bay
gi a c chuyen oi thanh ai lng vat l lt.
Qua trnh nay ng i ta goi la nh t le gia tr
Analog.
- Chng trnh:Viec nh t le gia tr analog c
thc hie trong khoi chuan FC 105. Khoi FC 105 nam trong th vien
Standard Librarytrong chng trnh S7TI-S7 Converting Block cua
phan mem Step 7.
- IN : Gia tr Analog tai ngo vao IN co the c oc trc tiep t module
hoac
oc qua ngo giao tiep d lieu trong dang INTEGR
- LO_LIM,HI_LIM: Cac gii han chuyen oi cac ai lng vat l se c
at
trc cac ngo vao LO_LIM (gii han di) va HI_LIM (gii han
tren). Trong th du tren th gii han chuyen oi t 0 en 500 lt.
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- OUT: Gia tr t le (ai lng vat l) th c lu tr nh la mot so thc tai
ngo
ra OUT.

Hang so K
1
, K
2
se c set da tren gia tr ngo vao la BIPPOLAR hay
UNBIPPOLAR
- BIPPOLAR: Ngo vao BIPPOLAR xac nh lieu gia tr am co c
chuyen oi
hay khong.
BIPPOLAR: Gia tr ngo vao la so nguye n c tha nhan gia -27648
va +27648,do o K
1
la -27648, K
2
la +27648.
UNBIPPOLAR: Gia tr ngo vao la so nguye n c tha nhan gia 0
va +27648,do o K
1
la0, K
2
la +27648.
Trong v du tren, bit nh 0.0 co tn hieu 0 va v the bao hieu gia tr ngo
vao la mot cc.
- RET_VAL: Ngo ra RET_VAL co gia tr 0 neu s hoat ong khong co s
co.
Neu gia tr tai ngo vao ln hn K
2
, ngo ra OUT c kiem soat bi
HI_LIM va loi xuat hien, neu gia tr tai ngo vao nho hn K
1
, ngo ra OUT
c kiem soat bi LO_LIM va loi xuat hien. Luc nay ENO se c set
gia tr 0, va RET_VALse co gia tr W#16#0008.

5.3.2 Ham FC106_Khong chia t le so thc cho ngo ra Analog

Hnh 5.15. Cac cau lenh cua ham FC106

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V du: Chng trnh tnh toan gia tr Analog
trong
pham vi t 0 en 100.0%. Gia tr nay c
chuyen ti ngo ra nh mot module ngo ra
Analog.
- Khong chia t le: Kho i chuan FC106 c s
dung
cho viec khong chia t le (s bien o i cua mot
so thc t 0 en 100.0% thanh mot so nguyen
16 bits t 0 en 27648)
- OUT:Gia tr Analog khong chia t le tai ngo ra out co the c tryen i
di
dang mot so nguyen 16 bits en ngo giao tie p d lie u hoac trc tiep en
ngoai vi.
Chng trnh: Kho i FC106 nam trong th vien Standard Library trong chng
trnh S7 TI-S7 Converting Block cua phan mem Step7.

5.4 V du ng dung ieu khien mc nc trong bon
5.4.1 Nguyen Ly hoat ong :
Nc c bm t bnh cha 1 le n bnh 2 bang bm ly tam ,bm ly tam
hoat ong theo hai che o co the ieu khien bang tay hoac ieu khien t PLC
bang num chuyen hai che o AUTO va MAN, bm hoat ong hieu ien the
xoay chieu 220-240 VAC ,cong suat la 30 W, lu lng nc khoang 20
lt/phut, no c tac o ng bi 2 rle(250 VAC/5A). Dong nc qua bm chia
lam 2 phan, 1 lng se qua van solenoid va 1 lng c hoi ve be 1 e bao
am an toan cho bm khi van solenoid ong lai. Van solenoid cung co the c
ieu khien bang tay hoac bang PLC dung e o ng m tc thi do ng nc len
bon cha 1 khi ieu khien. Ap suat hoat o ng t 0-10 bar, cap dong 24 VDC,
dong co the c cap t rle hoac trc tiep t PLC.

Dong tiep tuc qua bo phan hie n th lu lng dong c kh dung e ieu chnh
lu lng sao cho v a phai on nh gi a 2 luong n c pha n nhanh t bm. Khi qua bo
chuyen o i lu l ng bo pha n nay se hie n th gia tr lu l ng dong chay chnh xa c
va truyen thong so na y ve cho PLC x ly d i dang dong ien t 0/4 20 mA tuy
theo gia tr ln nho cu a lu lng n c.

PLC nhan 2 ngo va o analog la bo chuye n oi lu lng va cam bien, tuy thuo c vao
chng trnh phan mem ieu khien c vie t san ma PLC se ieu khie n proportional
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vale( vale ieu khien ty le ) e ong m gop m cu a van . Do o lu lng nc se
c ieu khie n 1 ca ch ty le vi dong ma PLC xua t ra t ngo ra AO.

Hnh 5.16. S o kho i ieu khien m c n c.

5.4.2 S o khoi cua he thong t ong

Hnh 5.17. S o kho i cua he thong t ong
PS CPU DI DO AO AI
BO O MC
BO
O
LNG
V3
ON/OFF
BM
V2 (0%-100 %)
Van tuyen t nh
LIS1
V1
ON/ OFF
4
-
2
0
m
A
PQW288 PIW272
Start /
Stop
I
0
.
0
I
0
.
1
4
-
2
0
m
A
1
-
1
0
0
c
m
V4
Van xa
Bon 1
Bon 2
Q
0
.
2
Q
0
.
1
PV
Fuzzy
control
Bon nc 2
Cam bien
-
SP
N
+ + +
ess
PID
(FB58)
Cam bien
o mc
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PID control: c ieu khien thong qua cu c PLC
Bo n nc 2: la o i t ng ieu khien
Cam bien o : cam bie n o mc n c d a va o ap lc e len be ma t t 0 0.1 bar e
a ra dong va ap tng ng t 4-20mA
Tn hie u nhie u e
ss
do tac ong cu a van xa
Trong o : SP : la gia tr t nhap vao ( c nhap va o t ben ngoai ).
PV : la gia tr hien tai co trong bo n n c (gia tr c oc t vung nh vao analog)
Ta lay gia tr hien tai PV so vi gia tr a vao SP ta c e
ss
= SP-PV
S o ie u khien

5.4.3. Khai Bao Thong So Phan C ng:

Hnh 5.18. Khai bao phan cng cho tram PLC

Slot 1
Nguon 230VAC
- 24VDC
PS 307 5A
6ES7 307 -
1EA00-0AA0
Slot 2 va slot 3
CPU 315
(S7-300)
CPU 315- 2DP
6ES7 315 -
2AF03-0AB0-
V1.2
Slot 4
8DI/D0 x 24V/
0.5A
6ES7 323 -
1BH00-0AA0
Slot 5
AI 2x 12 bit
(4-20 mA)
6ES7 331-
7KB02-0AB0
Slot 6
A0 2x 12 bit
(4-20 mA)
6ES7 332 -
5HB01-0AB0
AI
A/D
IN
4-20 mA
Vung
nh
So thc So thc
PIW PQW
A0
D/A
FC105 FB 30 FC106
Tn hieu
ra
FB58

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Bang a ch vao ra

a Ch Ten thiet b
I0.0 S1 Nut Start/Stop
I0.1 LIS1 Cam bien phat hien ngng tren
Q0.0 en bao trang thai Start/ Stop
Q0.1 Van V3 va Bm
Q0.2 Van V1
AI 0 LIS1 Cam bien o mc 420mA
AI 1 FIS1 Cam bien o lu lng 420mA
AO 0 V2 Van tuyen tnh

Phan mem ieu khien

OB1:
Network 1
A "Start/Stop push button"
FN M 0.0
S "Start/Stop push lamp"
S "Pump_Valve3"
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Network 2
A "Level_Switch"
= "V1"

Network3
// Lay gia tri hien thoi cua level

CALL "SCALE"
IN :=MW10
HI_LIM :=1.000000e+002
LO_LIM :=0.000000e+000
BIPOLAR:=FALSE
RET_VAL:=MW12
OUT :="Curr_Level"

L "Curr_Level"
T "db58".PV_IN

// Lay SP cua PID Controller

L "Level_SP"
T "db58".SP_INT

CALL "TCONT_CP" , "db58"
PV_IN :=
PV_PER :=
DISV :=
INT_HPOS:=
INT_HNEG:=
SELECT :=1
PV :=
LMN :=
LMN_PER :=
QPULSE :=
QLMN_HLM:=
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QLMN_LLM:=
QC_ACT :=
CYCLE :=
CYCLE_P :=
SP_INT :=
MAN :=
COM_RST :=
MAN_ON :=

L "db58".LMN_PER
T "Proportional_Valve"

// Lay % do mo vua Van V2

L "db58".LMN
T "Op_Per_V2"

Network 4

A "db58".PID_ON
S M 0.2
S "db58".LOAD_PID

Network 5

A "Start/Stop push lamp"
A "Start/Stop push button"
FN M 0.1
R "Start/Stop push lamp"
R "Pump_Valve3"

OB100:

Network1:
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SET
R "db58".MAN_ON
R "db58".PVPER_ON

DB58:

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Giao Trinh Plc s7 300 Lý Thuyết Va Ứng Dụng Chương 5 Bộ Hiệu Chỉnh Pid Cac Ham Xử Lý Tin Hiệu Tương Tự Va Ứng Dụng

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Giao Trinh Plc s7 300 Lý Thuyết Va Ứng Dụng Chương 5 Bộ Hiệu Chỉnh Pid Cac Ham Xử Lý Tin Hiệu Tương Tự Va Ứng Dụng

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