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I thought you might benefit from a summary of the difference between the relationships on

the square of opposition.



Contradiction:
A O and
E I
Relative truth-values: if one is true, the other is false. They are never both true, and they
are never both false.

Contrariety:
A E and E A
Relative truth-values: they can both be false, but they cannot both be true.
So, either both are false, or one is true and one is false.

Subcontrariety:
I O and O I
Relative truth-values: they can both be true, but they cannot both be false.
So, either both are true, or one is true and one is false.

Subimplication:
A I and
E O
Relative truth-values:
If A is true, I must be true.
Likewise, if E is true, O must be true.
This does not say anything about what I would be if A were false;
it also does not say anything about what O would be if E were false.

Superimplication:
I A and
O E
Relative truth-values:
If I is false, A must be false.
Likewise, if O is false, E must be false.
This does not say anything about what A would be if I were true;
It also does not say anything about what E would be if O were true.

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