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Nomenclature
A
Area (m
2
, ft
2
)
a
Acceleration (m/s
2
, ft/s
2
)
a
Local speed of sound (m/s, ft/s)
c
Concentration (mass/volume, moles/volume)
C 
D
Drag coefficient, defined different ways (dimensionless)
c
 p
,
c
v
Heat capacity at constant pressure, volume (J/kg-K, Btu/lb
m
-
◦
F)
d
Diameter;
d
 p
,D
 p
, particle diameter (m, ft)
D
H 
Hydraulic diameter (m, ft)
D
ij
,D
Mass diffusion coefficient (m
2
/s, ft
2
/s)
E 
Total energy, activation energy (J, kJ, cal, Btu)
f 
Mixture fraction (dimensionless)
 F 
Force vector (N, lb
f 
)
F 
D
Drag force (N, lb
f 
)
g
Gravitational acceleration (m/s
2
, ft/s
2
); standard values = 9.80665 m/s
2
, 32.1740 ft/s
2
Gr Grashof number
≡
ratio of buoyancy forces to viscous forces (dimensionless)
H 
Total enthalpy (energy/mass, energy/mole)
h
Heat transfer coefficient (W/m
2
-K, Btu/ft
2
-h-
◦
F)
h
Species enthalpy;
h
0
, standard state enthalpy of formation (energy/mass, en-ergy/mole)
I 
Radiation intensity (energy per area of emitting surface per unit solid angle)
J 
Mass flux; diffusion flux (kg/m
2
-s, lb
m
/ft
2
-s)
K 
Equilibrium constant = forward rate constant/backward rate constant (units vary)
k
Kinetic energy per unit mass (J/kg, Btu/lb
m
)
k
Reaction rate constant, e.g.,
k
1
,
k
−
1
,
k
f,r
,
k
b,r
(units vary)
k
Thermal conductivity (W/m-K, Btu/ft-h-
◦
F)
k
B
Boltzmann constant (1
.
38
×
10
−
23
J/molecule-K)
k
,
k
c
Mass transfer coefficient (units vary); also
K 
,
K 
c
,l,L
Length scale (m, cm, ft, in)
c
Fluent Inc. January 11, 2005
Nom-1
 
Nomenclature
Le Lewis number
≡
ratio of thermal diffusivity to mass diffusivity (dimensionless)
m
Mass (g, kg, lb
m
)˙
m
Mass flow rate (kg/s, lb
m
/s)
M 
w
Molecular weight (kg/kgmol, lb
m
/lb
m
mol)M Mach number
≡
ratio of fluid velocity magnitude to local speed of sound (dimen-sionless)Nu Nusselt number
≡
dimensionless heat transfer or mass transfer coefficient (dimen-sionless); usually a function of other dimensionless groups
 p
Pressure (Pa, atm, mm Hg, lb
f 
/ft
2
)Pe Peclet number
≡
Re
×
Pr for heat transfer, and
≡
Re
×
Sc for mass transfer(dimensionless)Pr Prandtl number
≡
ratio of momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity (dimen-sionless)
Q
Flow rate of enthalpy (W, Btu/h)
q
Heat flux (W/m
2
, Btu/ft
2
-h)
R
Gas-law constant (8.31447
×
10
3
J/kgmol-K, 1.98588 Btu/lb
m
mol-
◦
F)
r
Radius (m, ft)
R
Reaction rate (units vary)Ra Rayleigh number
≡
Gr
×
Pr; measure of the strength of buoyancy-induced flow innatural (free) convection (dimensionless)Re Reynolds number
≡
ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces (dimensionless)
S 
Total entropy (J/K, J/kgmol-K, Btu/lb
m
mol-
◦
F)
s
Species entropy;
s
0
, standard state entropy (J/kgmol-K, Btu/lb
m
mol-
◦
F)Sc Schmidt number
≡
ratio of momentum diffusivity to mass diffusivity (dimension-less)
S 
ij
Mean rate-of-strain tensor (s
−
1
)
T 
Temperature (K,
◦
C,
◦
R,
◦
F)
t
Time (s)
U 
Free-stream velocity (m/s, ft/s)
u,v,w
Velocity magnitude (m/s, ft/s); also written with directional subscripts (e.g.,
v
x
,
v
y
,
v
z
,
v
r
)
V 
Volume (m
3
, ft
3
)
v
Overall velocity vector (m/s, ft/s)We Weber number
≡
ratio of aerodynamic forces to surface tension forces (dimension-less)
Nom-2
c
Fluent Inc. January 11, 2005
 
Nomenclature
X 
Mole fraction (dimensionless)
Y 
Mass fraction (dimensionless)
α
Permeability (m
2
, ft
2
)
α
Thermal diffusivity (m
2
/s, ft
2
/s)
α
Volume fraction (dimensionless)
β 
Coefficient of thermal expansion (K
−
1
)
γ 
Porosity (dimensionless)
γ 
Ratio of specific heats, c
 p
/c
v
(dimensionless)∆ Change in variable, final
−
initial (e.g., ∆
 p
, ∆
t
, ∆
H 
, ∆
S 
, ∆
T 
)
δ
Delta function (units vary)
Emissivity (dimensionless)
Lennard-Jones energy parameter (J/molecule)
Turbulent dissipation rate (m
2
/s
3
, ft
2
/s
3
)
Void fraction (dimensionless)
η
Effectiveness factor (dimensionless)
η
,
η

Rate exponents for reactants, products (dimensionless)
θ
r
Radiation temperature (K)
λ
Molecular mean free path (m, nm, ft)
λ
Wavelength (m, nm,˚A, ft)
µ
Dynamic viscosity (cP, Pa-s, lb
m
/ft-s)
ν 
Kinematic viscosity (m
2
/s, ft
2
/s)
ν 
,
ν 

Stoichiometric coefficients for reactants, products (dimensionless)
ρ
Density (kg/m
3
, lb
m
/ft
3
)
σ
Stefan-Boltzmann constant (5.67
×
10
8
W/m
2
-K
4
)
σ
Surface tension (kg/m, dyn/cm, lb
f 
/ft)
σ
s
Scattering coefficient (m
−
1
)
τ 
Stress tensor (Pa, lb
f 
/ft
2
)
τ 
Shear stress (Pa, lb
f 
/ft
2
)
τ 
Time scale, e.g.,
τ 
c
,
τ 
 p
,
τ 
c
(s)
τ 
Tortuosity, characteristic of pore structure (dimensionless)
φ
Equivalence ratio (dimensionless)
φ
Thiele modulus (dimensionless)Ω Angular velocity; Ω
ij
, Mean rate of rotation tensor (s
−
1
)
c
Fluent Inc. January 11, 2005
Nom-3
of 00

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