Many references and standards provide guidelines as to the various devices' descriptions, their ratings and application limits. The site where they will serve needs to be taken into account (i.e., if it is at a higher altitude, if seismic actiuty is common, if temperatures are extreme, if humidity is high, etc.) These requirements are best documented in IEEE Std 14i (IEEE red book), IEEE Std 241 (IEEE gray book), and the other ANSI, NEMA
Many references and standards provide guidelines as to the various devices' descriptions, their ratings and application limits. The site where they will serve needs to be taken into account (i.e., if it is at a higher altitude, if seismic actiuty is common, if temperatures are extreme, if humidity is high, etc.) These requirements are best documented in IEEE Std 14i (IEEE red book), IEEE Std 241 (IEEE gray book), and the other ANSI, NEMA
Many references and standards provide guidelines as to the various devices' descriptions, their ratings and application limits. The site where they will serve needs to be taken into account (i.e., if it is at a higher altitude, if seismic actiuty is common, if temperatures are extreme, if humidity is high, etc.) These requirements are best documented in IEEE Std 14i (IEEE red book), IEEE Std 241 (IEEE gray book), and the other ANSI, NEMA
IEEE srd 602-2007 Figure 3-2-Transferred neutral conduetor grounded at service equipment and at sources of an alternate power supply 3.7 System protef$on and coordination The system and equipinent protective devices guard the healttr care facility power system from the ever present tfreat of damage caused by overcurrents that can result in equipment loss, system failure, and hazards fo patients and other people All protective devices should be applied within their ratings of voltage, frequency, current rating, and currsnt withstand rang. In addition, the site where they will serve needs to be taken into account (i.e., if it is at a higher altitude, if seismic actity is common, if temperatures are extreme, if humidity is high, etc.). Many references and standards provide guidelines as to the various Sevice descriptions, their ratings and application limits, and rating factors if required. These requirements are best documented in IEEE Std 14i (IEEE Red Book), IEEE Std 241 (IEEE Gray Book), and the other ANSI, NEMA, and IEEE standards listed in 3.10. The reader should refer to thsse for details. The following summarizes some of tle information in tlose references. LlffiilE 3II'IY E ^ SfiIELY ffitED STISET F llE }EttR^L E tRalFEREEO E tlE TH{SFEE Sart}f TErlStlER SIIilY : CROU}ffi SY5TET SB Eil'IPTSTT mflJluHt eo5tg!ffi DEI||CE Copyright @ 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. I EEE std 602-2007 tr dnrmEnnrc u E 0 Figure 3-14-Maiot components of the electrical system .sIE p ,llE qfOtrT tsFEflil 3E.EE[R flIIETI o E$tl .R -{l- npn Lrtrro onrct T J' t-\ +' lr[gtffi *lst it]rFr ffiltrfg +FI /^. . UJ Elm srRIE Gil- ,^. f IDI llc DE- -tr Gil_ \-/ Figure 3-ls-Tiriledelay relay in transfer switch of motor starter CHAPTER 3 Copyright @ 2007 IEEE. All rights reseryed. 0ffiw{t FtrlEgll$l AtfilAm INISFER HGH EIEFIiIfi 132 f a ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS IEEE std 602-2007 EEEI{TIAL ELESTRIgtL SYSTBi,I TRA.ISFORMER WERCIJFRENT PR{IIECISR rtTottATtc TElsFEft Sn ffE}l GENEEATDR Figure 3-l7-Normally open tie protector interlocked with the main protectors In rare instances, a utility may perrnit a double-ended substation to be operated with a closed tie and main protectors. The advantages of using a double-ended substation with mains and tie nonnally clbsed are better voltage regulation and flickedess transfer upon loss ofone power source. The disadvantages are greater complexity, greater fault current, greater cost, and loss of isolation between sensitive loads and high inrush loads. Also, reliability can be leps lsince ,one failure, a bus fault, may cause loss of both buses. The greater complexity reeiuires that the design engineer carefully coordinates and specifies the required additionllbrotecion to assure proper operation. Also refer to the NEC for reverse-curent relayii{ requirernents. 3.9.3 Network system arrangement A network service consists of two or more transformers with their secondary bused together through network protectors as shown in Figure 3-18. The advantages of network service are high reliability, no service intemrption when one feeder is removed from service, and good voltage regulation. The disadvantages are high- cost, high-lault currents, and may include an inability to expand the network service without increasing the interrupting rangs and sizes of existing components. In metropolitan areas, a service supplied from the utility-owned network may be available. The utility's network in cities consists of many network fiansformers wilh their secondary tied into a grid of secondary cables covering a large area- This networkusually allows one primary feeder to be removed from service at any tfune, or two primary feeders to be SYHMLS LLI]J rY"rn tr t l t l%"1 ( Gl H{X{ESS[}{n L !0AOA Copyright @ 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved' 135 IEEE std 602-2007 CHAPTER 3 removed from service during lightly loaded periods without causing undue low voltage on the secondary grid. Where demand is high, utilities may opt for a "spot networlC' consisting of two to four network fansformers in close proximity with their secondary bused together, but not connected to the general urban network. The network service is considered the most reliable, but also the most expensive type of electrical service. Life cycle costs may be reduced somewhat by having the hospital, rather than the utility, own and maintin the network transformers in order to qualiff for the lower primary service rate. .sE ffi tRilEFsE r) lEH FndEru tr orffiuirarr FrstEETffi 1** rttFE ilIlEll $gNlr t "j i ; l i Figure 3-f 8-Network seruice The network would be used for'very large loads where multiple feeders are required for each service; no interruptions are permitted on switching of feeders, and the system is fully automatic. The open-ended double-ended substation does not do this. 3.9.4 Medium-voltage system arrangements One of the most commonly used medium-voltage systems for hospitals is the primary selective system. For facilities with very experienced staffs, coasider designing a loop systein. Both of these systems allow a single cable section or feeder to be removed from service without a prolonged outage. The use of preformed separable connectors in 136 Copyright @ 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.