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Telecommunication Electronics
Alberto TibaldiOctober 26, 2009
Contents
1 Architectures of radio systems 3
1.1 Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1.1 Heterodyne architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1.2 Complex filters: SSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.2 Digital receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.2.1 Digital architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2 Linear and non-linear use of bipolar junction transistors 17
2.1 Topology and biasing selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.1.1 Biasing of the common emitter topology . . . . . . . . 202.2 Analysis of the circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.2.1 Analysis of the bias point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.2.2 Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.3 A design example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.3.1 Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.4 Non-linear issues on transistor amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.4.1 Fight non-linearity : Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . 342.4.2 Fight non-linearity : Intermodulation . . . . . . . . . . 35
3 Applications of non-linearity 38
3.0.3 Amplifier with emitter resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.1 Tuned amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.2 Oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463.2.1 Another technique for realizing oscillators . . . . . . . 493.3 Logarithmic Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.3.1 Bipolar logarithmic amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563.3.2 Piecewise Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573.4 Mixers and Multipliers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
4 Phase-lock loop 65
4.1 Mathematical model of PLL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654.2 Loop filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694.2.1 Steady state phase error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724.3 Phase detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744.3.1 Analog phase detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754.3.2 Butterfly characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764.3.3 Digital phase detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.4 Signal synthesizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844.4.1 Voltage Controlled Oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864.4.2 Fractional synthesizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894.4.3 Direct digital synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914.5 PLL as filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954.6 PLL as frequency demodulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1004.6.1 Coherent demodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014.6.2 Tone decoders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
5 Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog conversion 107
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075.1.1 Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1085.1.2 Quantization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1135.1.3 Signal conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195.2 Digital to Analog Converters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1205.2.1 Quantifying of non-linear errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1225.2.2 Dynamic errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1245.2.3 Circuits for DAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255.3 Analog to Digital Converters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1315.3.1 Static and Dynamic errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325.4 Circuital implementations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1335.5 Differential converters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1395.5.1 ∆ converters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1405.5.2 Logarithmic converters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1465.5.3 Waveform and model encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1505.5.4 A/D/A systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1512
Telecommunication Electronics
Info and Rating
Sections
« prev | next »- Architectures of radio systems
- 1.1 Receiver
- 1.1.1 Heterodyne architecture
- 1.1.2 Complex filters: SSB
- 1.2 Digital receivers
- 1.2.1 Digital architectures
- 2.1 Topology and biasing selection
- 2.1.1 Biasing of the common emitter topology
- 2.2 Analysis of the circuit
- 2.2.1 Analysis of the bias point
- 2.2.2 Bandwidth
- 2.3 A design example
- 2.3.1 Resolution
- 2.4 Non-linear issues on transistor amplifiers
- 2.4.1 Fight non-linearity : Compression
- 2.4.2 Fight non-linearity : Intermodulation
- Applications of non-linearity
- 3.0.3 Amplifier with emitter resistance
- 3.1 Tuned amplifiers
- 3.2 Oscillators
- 3.2.1 Another technique for realizing oscillators
- 3.3 Logarithmic Amplifier
- 3.3.1 Bipolar logarithmic amplifier
- 3.3.2 Piecewise Approximation
- 3.4 Mixers and Multipliers
- Phase-lock loop
- 4.1 Mathematical model of PLL
- 4.2 Loop filters
- 4.2.1 Steady state phase error
- 4.3 Phase detectors
- 4.3.1 Analog phase detectors
- 4.3.2 Butterfly characteristic
- 4.3.3 Digital phase detectors
- 4.4 Signal synthesizers
- 4.4.1 Voltage Controlled Oscillators
- 4.4.2 Fractional synthesizers
- 4.4.3 Direct digital synthesis
- 4.5 PLL as filter
- 4.6 PLL as frequency demodulator
- 4.6.1 Coherent demodulation
- 4.6.2 Tone decoders
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.1.1 Sampling
- 5.1.2 Quantization
- 5.1.3 Signal conditioning
- 5.2 Digital to Analog Converters
- 5.2.1 Quantifying of non-linear errors
- 5.2.2 Dynamic errors
- 5.2.3 Circuits for DAC
- 5.3 Analog to Digital Converters
- 5.3.1 Static and Dynamic errors
- 5.4 Circuital implementations
- 5.5 Differential converters
- 5.5.1 ∆ converters
- 5.5.2 Logarithmic converters
- 5.5.3 Waveform and model encoding
- 5.5.4 A/D/A systems
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