B THI V P N

MN CTMT V GIAO DIN

Khng s dng t! "!#$
Th%! g!&n '()
* th! d+ ,!-n g./ 0 12$3
C2$ 43 5067
C2$ 83 5967
C2$ 83 5067
C2$ 43 :; d3
1. Thit k kit 8088 c 1ROM 2764 v 1 IC giao tip ngoi vi 8255.
2. Thit k kit 8088 c 2 ROM 2764 v 1 IC giao tip ngoi vi 8255.
!. Thit k kit 8088 c 1ROM 2764 " 1 RM 6264 v 1 IC giao tip ngoi vi
8255.
4. Thit k kit 8088 c 1ROM 27128 v 1 IC giao tip ngoi vi 8255.
5. Thit k kit 8088 c 2ROM 27128 v 1 IC giao tip ngoi vi 8255.
6. Thit k kit 8088 c 2ROM 2764" 1ROM 27128.
7. Thit k kit 8088 c 2ROM 27!2" 1ROM 2764
8. Thit k kit 8088 c 2ROM 27256" v 1 IC giao tip ngoi vi 8255
#. Thit k kit 8088 c 1ROM 27256 v 1 IC giao tip ngoi vi 8255.
10. Thit k kit 8088 c 2 ROM 27256 v 1 IC giao tip ngoi vi 8255.
11. Thit k kit 8088 c 2 RM 6264 v 1 IC giao tip ngoi vi 8255.
12. Thit k kit 8088 c 1ROM 27512 v 1 IC giao tip ngoi vi 8255.
1!. Thit k kit 8088 c 2ROM 27512 v 1 IC giao tip ngoi vi 8255.
14. Thit k kit 8088 c 2ROM 27128" 1ROM 27256
15. Thit k kit 8088 c 4RM 6264" v 1 IC giao tip ngoi vi 8255
16. Thit k kit 8088 c 4ROM 2764" v 1 IC giao tip ngoi vi 8255
C$% 2& M'" ng%(n" ngoi vi"
1. )* +, -( kh.i Main/oa01 gi2i th3ch ch4c n5ng c6c kh.i
2. )* +, -( t07nh t8 kh9i -:ng ng%(n v gi2i th3ch hot -:ng.
!. ;<% c6c /=>c -o -c ch?n -o6n @:t Main/oa01 18a t0<n thAng +. ng%(n BC.
4. )* +, -( ch$n cCng co@ v @ch giao tip D%a cCng co@. ;<% c6c -Ec t3nh kF
th%Gt cHa cCng co@.
5. )* +, -( ch$n cCng %+/. ;<% c6c -Ec t3nh kF th%Gt cHa cCng %+/. I% -iJ@ cHa
cCng %+/K
6. T07nh /L cM% to C -Na c4ng. Oh$n t3ch c6c thAng +. c, /2n cHa C c4ng.
7. )* +, -( ch$n cCng POT v @ch 4ng 1Qng D%a cCng POT. ;<% c6c -Ec t3nh kF
th%Gt cHa cCng POT.
8. Ro +6nh ch%?n RT v IBS. T -Na D%ang hiUn naL c thJ 1Vng ch%?n noK
#. ;<% ch4c n5ng 'IOR hU th.ng. Oh$n /iUt C -Na W%Gn WX v C -Na vGt WX t0ong @6L
t3nh.
10. T07nh /L c6c Woi RM v thAng +.. Ro +6nh RM tNnh v RM -:ng.
11. ;<% hot -:ng /: ng%(n.
12. ;<% v ph$n t3ch c6c t3n hiU% D%an t0Yng khi -o -c 1ng +ng t0<n M'.
1!. ;<% c6c /=>c kiJ@ t0a @ain/oa01 1Vng ca01 kiJ@ t0a @ain/oa01.
14. ;<% ph=,ng ph6p kiJ@ t0a @ain/oa01 v c6c /=>c kiJ@ t0a.
15. ;<% c6c thAng +. cHa COZ. Ch4c n5ng cHa COZ W g7K
16. n<% D%6 t07nh t[ W\c /Gt @6L -n W\c hU -i]% hnh -^ -=_c t2i W<n.
C2$ 8&
++`@/WL
1. )it CT c:ng 2 +. thGp ph$n nhGp t[ /n ph3@ 1Vng ngAn nga a++`@/WL v
hiJn thb 0a @n h7nh.
2. )it CT c:ng ! +. thGp ph$n nhGp t[ /n ph3@ 1Vng ngAn nga a++`@/WL v
hiJn thb 0a @n h7nh.
!. )it ch=,ng t07nh -i]% khiJn -cn giao thAng 1Vng ngAn nga a++`@/WL
4. )it ch=,ng t07nh -i]% khiJn -:ng c, /=>c D%aL t06i" D%aL ph2i 1 vdng 1Vng
ngAn nga a++`@/WL
5. )it ch=,ng t07nh -i]% khiJn -:ng c, /=>c D%aL t06i" D%aL ph2i 1Vng ngAn
nga a++`@/WL khi nhMn ph3@ ePf -:ng c, D%aL t06i 1 vdng. ghi nhMn ph3@ eRf
-:ng c, D%aL ph2i 1 vdng.
6. )it ch=,ng t07nh -i]% khiJn t8 -:ng hU th.ng nhiUt t[ 60h80 -: 1Vng ngAn
nga a++`@/WL
7. )it CT -i]% khiJn W`1 +6ng 1in" tjt 1in D%a cCng @6L in Wpt k-ba chl !78hm
1Vng ngAn nga a++`@/WL
8. )it CT nhGp vo kX t8 th=nng -Ci +ang cha hoa v o%Mt 0a @n h7nh 1Vng
ngAn nga a++`@/WL.
<= <n&
C2$ 43
Thit k kit 8088 c 2 RM 6264 v 1 IC giao tip ngoi vi 8255.
B0hB7
0h1
RBp 8255
qRp
CRp
A(> A48
?90?0
B0h B7
r0h r7
0h 7
PS 0Sp @(@@
B0h B7
8h 12
PS
ADB
'8'9
IC4
B0h B7
OCB
0h 12
CCB
'8'9
IC8
B0h B7
OCB
0h 12
CD
1!
EAB
ECB
IOFMB
MRp
Mqp
IOqp
IORp
CCB
ECB
CD
Thit k kit 8088 c 4RM 6264" v 1 IC giao tip ngoi vi 8255
B0hB7
0h1
RBp 8255
qRp
CRp
A(> A48
?90?0
B0h B7
r0h r7
0h 7
PS 0Sp @(@@
B0h B7
8h 12
PS
ADB
'8'9
IC4
B0h B7
OCB
0h 12
CCB
'8'9
IC8
B0h B7
OCB
0h 12
CD
1!
14
EAB
ECB
IOFMB
MRp
Mqp
IOqp
IORp
CCB
ECB
CD
'8'9
IC4
B0h B7
OCB
0h 12
CCB
'8'9
IC8
B0h B7
OCB
0h 12
CD
ECB
CCB
ECB
CD
?940G
CB
A
B
H
(
H
4
H
8
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0
C2$ 0& WX th%Lt
4I VJ sK 6. ,hL! M&!nMN&Od g!P! th;1h 1hQ1 nRng 1<1 ,hL!
4ICPS 5CTntO&" PON1Tss!ng Sn!t73
CPS 6UV1 gW! " MX Y "Z tO$ng t2/I N[ " tO<! t!/ 1\& h# thLngI CPS 6UV1 1h!&
thnh 0 6Kn :]3 6Kn :] Y "Z tO$ng t2/^ 6Kn :] "$_n "Z^ 6Kn :] nh`I
sai thnh phin -iJn h7nh cHa COZ&
t,n vb ou WX +. hYc v W%Gn WXkPZm& th8c hiUn c6c phvp to6n +. hYc v W%Gn WX.
t,n vb -i]% khiJnkCZm& WML WUnh t[ /: nh>" gi2i @^ WUnh" th8c thi WUnh v gYi PZ khi
cin thit
8IMCH5/T/NOa 1NntON""TO h$M7
Ch3p /6n ci% /jc cdn -=_c gYi W h%/ -i]% khiJn /: nh>kMCsm t0ong hU th.ng cHa
Int`Wkt0ong c6c hU th.ng cHa MB" )I" RiR v c6c hU th.ng kh6c ch\ng th=nng -=_c
gYi W ch3p /6n ci% /jcm.
Ch3p /6n ci% /jc c ch4c n5ng D%2n WX viUc giao tip giaa COZ" RM" wO haL OCI
Sop0`++ v chip /6n ci% na@. M:t +. Woi ch3p /6n ci% /jc -=_c t3ch h_p /: -i]% khiJn
vi1`o v -=_c gYi W wMCs. Ch3p /6n ci% /jc t0ong hU th.ng /o @ch chH W thnh phin
D%an t0Yng D%i -bnh +. W=_ng" t.c -:" chHng Woi COZ cxng nh= +. W=_ng" t.c -: v
chHng Woi cHa RM.
0IICH?5IFO 1NntON""TO h$M7
Ch3p /6n ci% na@ cdn -=_c gYi W h%/ -i]% khiJn IyOkICsm" W chip th8c thi c6c t6c vQ c
t.c -: thMp h,n t0ong hU th.ng chip+` na@y/jc. Ch\ng ta c thJ ph$n /iUt ch3p /6n ci%
/jc haL ch3p /6n ci% na@ /zng c6ch o`@ n c n.i t08c tip v>i COZ haL khAng.
Ch4c n5ng cHa ch3p /6n ci% na@ W -i]% khiJn /%+ OCI" ROI" RM" /: -i]% khiJn ngjt" /:
-i]% khiJn IBS" -(ng h( hU th.ng" /: D%2n WX n5ng W=_ng" a%1io
9IDIMM MNd$"T
C nhi]% Woi RM tVL th%:c cAng nghU +2n o%Mt.
BRM BIMM+&
BBR RBRM kBBR1m RBRM BIMM+&
BBR2 RBRM RBRM BIMM+&
bIPCI 5PTO!=hTO&" CN/=NnTnt IntTO1NnnT1t7
{6c -bnh /%+ cHa @6L t3nh t0ong viUc kt n.i c6c thit /b ngoi vi vo /o @ch chH.
'IDMI3 kBi0`ct M`1ia Int`0|ac`m
P viUc kt n.i t[ ch3p -n ch3p giaa M`@o0L Cont0oWW`0 s%/ yw0aphic+ v IyO
Cont0oWW`0 s%/ kkwmMCsm an1 IyO Cont0oWW`0 s%/ 7 kICs7m.
?IPCI C3
t=_c gi>i thiU% vo n5@ 2004. ; -=_c thit k -J thaL th cho ch%?n OCI. ghAng
gi.ng c6c ch%?n giao tip @6L t3nh t0=>c -$L" OCI` -=_c cM% t0\c t0%L]n +ong cAngk2
chi]%m t[ -iJ@ +ang -iJ@ gYi W W%(ngkWan`m. T0ong ch%?n OCI` 1.1 th7 @}i W%(ng t0%L]n
v>i t.c -: 250 M'y+ @}i chi]%. Oci` 2.0 th7 t.c -: nL -t gMp -Ai v OCI` !.0 Wi gMp
-Ai Oci` 2.0.
@IDTO!&" ATA 5DATA7 CNntON""TO3
DTO!&" Ad:&n1Td TT1hnN"Nga Att&1h/Tnt kDATAm W /%+ -8oc thit k chH L% cho
viUc t0%L]n 1a WiU% giaa COZ v thit /b W=% t0a kC c4ng v -Na D%angm. I% -iJ@ ch3nh
cHa RT W c6p n.i @~ng h,n gi\p viUc tho6t nhiUt cHa @6L t3nh -=_c t.t h,n +o v>i
ch%?n OT. RT c kh2 n5ng cj@ nngkhot +appingm. C6p RT +u 1Qng 4 -=nng
t3n hiU% v7 vGL nh~ gYn h,n v 0 h,n c6p cHa ch%?n OT.
GIAHCI 5Ad:&n1Td HNst CNntON""TO IntTOc&1T73
t$L W giao 1iUn WGp t07nh @>i cho /: -i]% khiJn RT. C6c n]n t2ng -=_c h} t0_ /9i
sCI c nhi]% =% -iJ@ nh=& khAng cin thit k chHyt> cho c6c thit /b RTk@}i thit /b
-]% -=_c o`@ W chHm. sCI cxng c%ng cMp t3nh n5ng cj@ nng cho thit /b. sCI -di
h~i c phin @]@ h} t0_.
4(I IDC 5IntTgO&tTd DT:!1T C"T1tONn!1s7 IntTOc&1T 5B$s M&stTO C&=&M!"!ta &nd
Dan1hONnN$s DMA MNdT73
Ch%?n giao tip IBS h} t0_ 2 thit /b IBS cho -Na c4ng v c6c thit /b th`o ch%?n TOI.
M}i thit /b IBS -]% c -bnh thni -:c WGp. wiao tip IBS h} t0_ OIO IBS t0%L]n 1a WiU%
16M'y+ v ZWt0a T t%L]n 100M'y+. Ch%?n IBS khAng t.n ng%(n ti ng%L<n BM.
Ch%?n giao tip IBS t3ch h_p /: -U@ 16o!2 /it -J t.i =% ha cho viUc t0%L]n 1a WiU%.
44I AGP
A11T"TO&tTd GO&=h!1s PNOt cdn gYi W Ad:&n1Td GO&=h!1s PNOt"vit tjt W AGPm W
k<nh kt n.i t[ -iJ@ +ang -iJ@ t.c -: cao cho ca01 -( hYa.
Int`W cho 0a -ni phi<n /2n wO 1.0 vo n5@ 1##7. ; /ao g(@ 2 Woi ca01 t.c -: 1o v
2o. Ohi<n /2n 2.0 t.c -: W 4o v phi<n /2n !.0 W 16o. +a% -$L W t.c -: cHa c6c phi<n
/2n t0<n&
48ISDB5Sn!:TOs&" DTO!&" B$s7 CNntON""TO3
Sn!:TOs&" DTO!&" B$s kSDBm& W ch%?n /%+ cho thit /b giao tip. ZR' -=_c thit k -J
cho phvp thit /b ngoi vi -=_c kt n.i +u 1Qng ch%?n cj@ -,n v t.i =% ha kh2 n5ng
pW%g an1 pWaL /zng c6ch cho phvp thit /b cj@ nng.
8I VJ sK 6. tOdnh t+ ,he! 6Xng ng$.n : g!P! th;1h hNft 6XngI
;hMn n\t ng%(n c o%ng t0%L]n -n ICs. ICs gui o%ng RPOR! -n RIO. RIO gui
o%ng ORO; -n /: ng%(n. ': ng%(n /Gt v t8 kiJ@ t0a n% ng%(n t.t th7 /: ng%(n +*
gui 1 t3n hiU% OqRwBOR v] RIO. RIO gui o%ng t3n hiU% OqRwB!) v] ch3p na@.
Ch3p na@ nhGn -=_c t3n hiU% ng%(n t.t +* gui o%ng 0`+`t kOCIRRTm -n ch3p /jc v
RIO. Ch3p /jc +* 0`+`t COZ. RIO 0`+`t OCI v IBS.
0I Ng$ 1<1 MU`1 6N 6f1 1hhn 6N<n /Xt M&!nMN&Od d+& tOgn
thng sL ng$.n DC
;g%(n T{ c hai phin W ng%(n cMp t0=>c kRtan/Lm v ng%(n ch3nh kMain
Oo`0m.
ghi ta cj@ -iUn C 220) cho /: ng%(n" ng%(n Rtan/L hot -:ng ngaL v
c%ng cMp o%.ng Main/oa01 -iUn 6p .
5) RT'" -iUn 6p nL +* c%ng cMp cho @ch kh9i -:ng ng%(n t0<n Chip+`t
na@ v IChRIO kng%(n ch3nh ch=a hot -:ng khi ta ch=a /M@ cAng tjcm.
ghi ta /M@ cAng tjc t6c -:ng vo @ch kh9i -:ng t0ong Chip+`t na@
Chip+`t -=a 0a WUnh O.O; cho -i D%a ICh RIO 0(i -=a 0a ch$n O.O; cHa 0jc
cj@ W<n ng%(n T{ kch$n O.O; W ch$n c 1$L @i% oanh W6 c$Lm" khi c WUnh
O.O; k 0)m ng%(n ch3nh Main Oo`0 +* hot -:ng.
ghi ng%(n ch3nh hot -:ng c%ng cMp o%.ng Main/oa01 c6c -iUn 6p
!"!) kD%a c6c 1$L @i% ca@m" 5) kD%a c6c 1$L @i% -~m" 12) k D%a c6c 1$L @i%
vngm" h5) D%a 1$L @i% t0jng v h12) D%a 1$L @i% oanh W,.
o ghi cj@ -iUn" phin ng%(n RT;' t0<n ng%(n T{ hot -:ng
c%ng cMp 5) RT' o%.ng Main/oa01 D%a +_i 1$L @i% t3@ cHa 0jc ng%(n.
o ghi /M@ cAng tjc @ch kh9i -:ng t0<n Main/oa01 -=a 0a WUnh
O.O; 0) -i]% khiJn cho ng%(n ch3nh hot -:ng" ng%(n ch3nh chL c%ng cMp
o%.ng Main/oa01 c6c -iUn 6p& !"!) 5) v 12)" v @:t +. ng%(n phQ nh= h5) v
h12).
o ;g%(n !"!) cMp t08c tip cho IC to o%ng CWock" Chip+`t na@"
'IOR v IChRIO h -(ng thni -i D%a @ch Cn 6p h o%.ng 1"5) cMp cho c6c
Chip+`t kInt`Wm hoEc h o.ng !) cMp cho c6c chip+`t )I.
o ;g%(n 12) -i D%a @ch Cn 6p )RM h o%.ng -iUn 6p kho2ng 1"5)
cMp cho COZ.
o ;g%(n 5) -i cMp cho Chip+`t v c6c Ca01 @9 0:ng t0<n kh` OCI "
gi2@ 6p o%.ng 2"5) D%a @ch Cn 6p -J cMp ng%(n cho RM.
4. )* +, -( ch$n cCng co@ v @ch giao tip D%a cCng co@. ;<% c6c -Ec
t3nh kF th%Gt cHa cCng co@
tbnh 1ng cHa kh%ng t0%L]n 1a WiU% th`o ch%?n RRh2!2 nh= +a%&
C6c -Ec t3nh kF th%Gt cHa ch%?n RRh2!2 nh= +a%&
Chi]% 1i ca/W` c8c -i15@
T.c -: 1a WiU% c8c -i 20 g/p+
tiUn 6p ng 0a c8c -i 25)
tiUn 6p ng 0a c t2i 5) -n 15)
T09 kh6ng t2i !g -n 7g
tiUn 6p ng vo 15)
t: nhL ng vo !)
T09 kh6ng ng vo !g -n 7g
C6c t.c -: t0%L]n 1a WiU% thAng 1Qng t0ong cCng n.i tip W& 1200 /p+" 4800 /p+"
#600 /p+ v 1#200 /p+.
CCng COM c hai 1ng& -i% n.i B'25 k25 ch$nm v -i% n.i B'# k# ch$nm @A t2
nh= h7nh 4.2. nghNa cHa c6c ch$n @A t2 nh= +a%&
TO$a*n thng g!i& h&! njt 3
gt n.i -,n gi2n t0ong t0%L]n thAng n.i tip
ghi th8c hiUn kt n.i nh= t0<n" D%6 t07nh t0%L]n ph2i /2o -2@ t.c -: 9 -i% ph6t v
th% gi.ng nha%. ghi c 1a WiU% -n BTS" 1a WiU% nL +* -=_c -=a vo /: -U@ v to ngjt.
;goi 0a" khi th8c hiUn kt n.i giaa hai BTS" ta cdn 1Vng +, -( +a%&

gt n.i t0ong t0%L]n thAng n.i tip 1Vng t3n hiU% /jt taL
G!&N t!-= :`! :! 6!*$ ,h!kn
ghi th8c hiUn giao tip v>i vi -i]% khiJn" ta ph2i 1Vng th<@ @ch ch%LJn @4c
Wogic t[ TTP h 2!2 v ng=_c Wi. C6c vi @ch th=nng +u 1Qng W M{2!2 cHa Maoi@
haL BR275 cHa BaWWa+. Mch ch%LJn @4c Wogic @A t2 nh= +a%&
Mch ch%LJn @4c Wogic TTP RR2!2
T%L nhi<n" khi +u 1Qng @ch ch%LJn @4c Wogic 1Vng c6c vi @ch th7 -di h~i ph2i
1Vng ch%ng w;B giaa @6L t3nh v vi @ch h c kh2 n5ng W@ h~ng cCng n.i tip khi
o2L 0a hiUn t=_ng chGp @ch 9 @ch ngoi. Bo -" ta c thJ 1Vng th<@ opto 4;!5 -J
c6ch WL v] -iUn. R, -( @ch c6ch WL @A t2 nh= +a%&
Mch ch%LJn @4c Wogic TTP RR2!2 c6ch WL
bI VJ sK 6. 1h2n 1lng $sMI Ng$ 1<1 6m1 t;nh ,n th$_t 1\& 1lng $sMI
o$ 6!k/ 1\& 1lng $sMp
M:t -iJ@ -6ng W=% X W" ZR' c thJ c c6c t.c t0%L]n 1a WiU% kh6c nha% k Woh+p``1"
|%WWh+p``1 v highh+p``1 m th n<n +* ng% nhi<n o2L 0a t7nh h%.ng W @:t thit /b ZR'
t.c -: cao Wi -=_c -M% n.i vo @:t c6i kh6c c t.c -: thMp h,n k )B& highh+p``1 ZR'
|Wa+h 1i+k -=_c cj@ vo -i% cj@ Woh+p``1 ZR' cHa OC c @ain/oa01 -ni cx m" haL @:t
thit /b ZR' t.c -: cao Wi -=_c -M% n.i vo OC D%a @:t c6p n.i t.c -: thMp. tJ khjc
phQc t7nh t0ng nL" tMt c2 c6c thit /b c ZR' -]% -=_c t0ang /b hU th.ng phin c4ng v
phin @]@ th3ch nghi v tMt c2 c6c c6p n.i -]% W Woi t.c -: cao . Poi c6p t.c -: thMp
-=_c chl -bnh cho nhang t0=nng h_p 4ng 1Qng cQ thJ v -=_c nh +2n o%Mt ghi 0. k v1
c6p n.i 1Vng cho ch%:t ZR' m cdn nhang 4ng 1Qng vi1`o -]% +u 1Qng c6p t.c -: cao.
T cj@ ZR' t0<n OC c thJ WML 0a 5)BC v>i 1dng ti<% thQ kho2ng 100@" v @ao
kho2ng 500@" tVL th`o +8 h} t0_ cHa @ain" nh=ng ph2i c$n nhjc khi +u 1Qng . sai
-=nng 1n B v Bh cxng cho phvp -M% n.i v>i c6c Winh kiUn h} t0_ ZR' nh= )ihti]%h
ghiJn k Mic0ohCont0oWW`0m haL chip /in -Ci t=,ngt8y+. h ZR' k ZR'hBC chip+ m
T3n hiU% t0<n c6c ch$n B Bh W c6c t3n hiU% vi ph$n v>i @4c -iUn 6p /zng 0y!.! ) -=_c
cMp t[ vi @ch Cn 6p k vi @ach WML ng%(n vo 5) v Cn 6p cho -i% 0a 9 @4c !.!) v
1o - -iUn 6p ng%(n n%Ai ZR' c thJ 1ao -:ng t0ong kho2ng 5.25) hh 4.2) m.
o$ 6!k/3
C6c tEc T3nh C, '2n CHa ZR'&
C6c c%:c t0%L]n W -ng thni k i+ochono%+ m" c thJ hiJ% W t0%L]n Wi<n tQc" h} t0_
c6c t3n hiU% vi1`o v +o%n1. )>i c6c c%:c t0%L]n -ng thni" c6c c%:c t0%L]n v nhGn
1a WiU% th`o kiJ% -=_c -2@ /2o v c thJ -o6n t0=>c k p0`1icta/W` m.
ZR' cxng h} t0_ c6c thit /b khAng -ng thni haL thit /i c D%L]n =% ti<n cao nhMt"
c6c thit /b -ng thni Wn khAng -ng thni c thJ t(n ti cVng @:t thni -iJ@.
C6c thAng +. kF th%Gt cxng c thAng +. W OW%g an1 OWaL" c6c c6p n.i v c6ch kt n.i
-]% -=_c ti<% ch%?n ho6 0:ng 0^i t0ong cAng nghiUp.
C6c h%/ -=_c op thnh nhi]% ting k M%WtipW`hti`0`1 m v>i kh2 n5ng @9 0:ng gin
-n @4c 0Mt W>n k c thJ -n 127 thit /b vGt WX m" v c6c thao t6c o2L 0a -(ng thni.
C kh2 n5ng cj@ nng khothpW%gm" nghNa W cho phvp c6c thit /b ngoi vi c thJ
-=_c -M% n.i @ khAng cin ph2i cjt ng%(n n%Ai cho OC" c thJ -M%yngjt v thaL -Ci
Wi cM% h7nh thit /i ngoi vi @:t c6ch Winh hot.
T8 nhGn 1ng thit /b ngoi vi" t8 -:ng v* /2n -( ch4c n5ng -.i v>i phin @]@ -i]%
khiJn v cM% h7nh.
'I TOdnh Ma 1q$ tfN l 6r& 1QngI Ph2n t;1h 1<1 thng sL 1K MPn 1\& l
1QngI
T -Na c4ng" haL cdn gYi W C c4ng kting nh& Ha01 Di+k D0iv`" vit tjt& HDDm W thit /b
1Vng -J W=% t0a 1a WiU% t0<n /] @Et c6c tM@ -Na h7nh t0dn k/zng nhA@" thHL tinh haL g.@m
phH vGt WiU% t[ t3nh. T -Na c4ng W Woi /: nh> khAng thaL -Ci knonhvoWatiW`m" c nghNa
W ch\ng khAng /b @Mt 1a WiU% khi ng[ng c%ng cMp ng%(n -iUn cho ch\ng.
)] @Et kF th%Gt th7 C -Na c4ng W @:t kh.i 1%L nhMt" c6c phin -Na -=_c Wjp 06p c. -bnh
t0ong C ngaL t[ khi +2n o%Mt n<n khAng thJ thaL th -=_c c6c -Na c4ng nh= c6ch hiJ%
-.i v>i C -Na @]@ hoEc C -Na D%ang kCByB)Bm
'<n t0ong @:t C -Na c4ng c6c /: phGn ch3nh& C, cM% t0%L]n -:ng -i% t[ kact%ato0m -i]%
khiJn c6nh taL -i% t[ kact%ato0 a0@m -Yc thAng tin t[ phin -Na kpWat`0m -=_c D%aL Wi<n tQc
nhn gjn cht vo t0Qc D%aL cHa -:ng c, Wi]n t0Qc k+pin1W` @oto0m. Ba WiU% -=_c t0%L]n
0a ngoi nhn c6p n.i c 1ng 1^i /5ng @]@ k0i//on ca/W`m. )~ C -Na kcha++i+m /ao gia tMt
c2 c6c /: phGn cHa -Na c4ng.
C<1 thng sL 1\& l 6r& 1Qng
h Ch$hn g!&N t!-=3 C nhi]% ch%?n giao tip kh6c nha% giaa C -Na c4ng /o @ch chH" +8
-a 1ng nL @:t phin o%Mt ph6t t[ L<% ci% t.c -: -Ycyghi 1a WiU% kh6c nha% giaa c6c hU
th.ng @6L t3nh" phin cdn Wi 1o c6c C giao tip nhanh c gi6 thnh cao h,n nhi]% +o v>i
c6c ch%?n thAng 1Qng. 'a ch%?n thAng 1Qng hiUn naL W SIBS" RCRI" v RT.
h D$ng "UVng3 B%ng W=_ng cHa C -Na c4ng -=_c t3nh th`o c6c -,n vb 1%ng W=_ng c, /2n
thAng th=nng W 'Lt`" g'" M'" w'" T'. T0=>c -$L" khi 1%ng W=_ng C c4ng cdn thMp
ng=ni ta th=nng 1Vng -,n vb W M'. '$L gin" ng=ni ta Wi 1Vng -,n vb W w' v t0ong
t=,ng Wai" chjc ng=ni ta +* t3nh th`o T'. ta +. c6c h^ng +2n o%Mt -]% t3nh 1%ng W=_ng
th`o c6ch t3nh 1w' 1000M' t0ong khi hU -i]% hnh khoEc c6c phin @]@ kiJ@ t0am Wi
t3nh 1w' 1024M' n<n 1%ng W=_ng 1o hU -i]% hnh /6o c6o th=nng thMp h,n +o v>i
1%ng W=_ng ghi t0<n nh^n -Na kv3 1Q C -Na c4ng 40 w' th=nng chl -t kho2ng !7h!8 w'm.
h TL1 6X s$&a3 T.c -: D%aL cHa -Na c4ng -=_c kX hiU% W 0p@ k0`voW%tion+ p`0 @in%t`
+. vdng D%aL t0ong @:t ph\tm. T.c -: D%aL cng cao th7 C -Na W@ viUc cng nhanh 1o
ch\ng th8c hiUn viUc -Ycyghi nhanh h,n" thni gian t7@ ki@ thMp h,n.
C6c t.c -: D%aL thAng 1Qng hiUn naL W 5.400 0p@ kthAng 1Qng v>i c6c C -Na c4ng !"5
+2n o%Mt c6ch -$L 2h! n5@m v 7.200 0p@ kthAng 1Qng v>i c6c C -Na c4ng +2n o%Mt t[
2008m. ;goi 0a" t.c -: cHa c6c C -Na c4ng t0ong c6c @6L t3nh c6 nh$n cao cMp" @6L t0@
v c6c @6L chH c +u 1Qng giao tip RCRI c thJ W<n t>i 10.000 0p@ haL 15.000 0p@.
h BX nh` 6#/ k1&1hT hoEc M$ccTOm& ': nh> -U@ c nhiU@ vQ W=% t@ 1a WiU% t0ong D%6
t07nh W@ viUc cHa C -Na c4ng n<n -: W>n cHa /: nh> -U@ c 2nh h=9ng -6ng kJ t>i hiU%
+%Mt hot -:ng cHa C -Na c4ng /9i viUc -Ycyghi khAng o2L 0a t4c thni k1o phQ th%:c vo
+8 1i ch%LJn cHa -i% -Ycyghi" 1a WiU% -=_c t0%L]n t>i hoEc -im +* -=_c -Et t@ t0ong /:
nh> -U@. T0ong thni -iJ@ n5@ 2007" 1%ng W=_ng /: nh> -U@ th=nng W 2 hoEc 8 M'
cho c6c Woi C -Na c4ng 1%ng W=_ng -n 160 w' v 16 M' hoEc cao h,n cho c6c C -Na
c4ng 1Qng W=_ng W>n h,n.
h TL1 6X tO$a*n di "!#$3 ta phin t.c -: t0%L]n 1a WiU% t0<n c6c ch%?n giao tip thMp h,n
+o v>i thit k cHa n /9i c nhi]% thAng +. 2nh h=9ng -n t.c -: t0%L]n 1a WiU% cHa C
-Na c4ng nh=& t.c -: D%aL cHa -Na t[" +. W=_ng -Na t[ t0ong C -Na c4ng" cAng nghU ch to"
1%ng W=_ng /: nh> -U@
h K;1h thU`13 tJ -2@ /2o thaL th Wjp 06p v[a v>i c6c Woi @6L t3nh" k3ch th=>c cHa C
-Na c4ng -=_c ch%?n ho6 thnh 6 Woi W& 5"25 inch 1Vng t0ong c6c @6L t3nh c6c th hU
t0=>c. !"5 inch 1Vng cho c6c @6L t3nh c6 nh$n" @6L t0@" @6L chH. 2"5 inch 1Vng cho
@6L t3nh o6ch taL. 1"8 inch hoEc nh~ h,n 1Vng t0ong c6c thit /b kF th%Gt +. c6 nh$n v
OC Ca01. 1"0 inch 1Vng cho c6c thit /b +i<% nh~ k@ic0o 1`vic`m.
?I VJ sK 6. 1h2n 1lng tPT : /f1h Qng dng s$& 1lng tPTI Ng$ 1<1
6m1 t;nh ,n th$_t 1\& 1lng tPTI
Cq$ tOj1 1lng sNng sNng 3
CCng +ong +ong g(@ c 4 -=nng -i]% khiJn" 5 -=nng t0ng th6i v 8 -=nng 1a WiU% /ao
g(@ 5 ch -: hot -:ng&
h Ch -: t=,ng th3ch kco@pati/iWitLm.
h Ch -: ni//W`.
h Ch -: /Lt`.
h Ch -: SOO kSnhanc`1 Oa0aWW`W Oo0tm.
h Ch -: SCO kSot`n1`1 Capa/iWiti`+ Oo0tm.
! ch -: -i% ti<n +u 1Qng po0t +ong +ong ch%?n kROO Rtan1a01 Oa0aWW`W Oo0tm t0ong khi
- ch -: 4" 5 cin th<@ phin c4ng -J cho phvp hot -:ng 9 t.c -: cao h,n. R, -( ch$n
cHa @6L in nh= +a%&
CCng +ong +ong c /a thanh ghi c thJ t0%L]n 1a WiU% v -i]% khiJn @6L in. tba chl c,
+9 cHa c6c thanh ghi cho tMt c2 cCng POT kWin` p0int`0m t[ POT1 -n POT4 -=_c W=% t0a
t0ong vVng 1a WiU% cHa 'IOR. Thanh ghi 1a WiU% -=_c -bnh vb 9 o||+`t 00h" thanh ghi
t0ang th6i 9 01h" v thanh ghi -i]% khiJn 9 02h.
G!&N t!-= :`! /<a t;nh
R, -( ch$n kt n.i @A t2 nh= +a%&
gt n.i -i]% khiJn thit /b &
@I DN s<nh 1h$hn DATA : IDCI u 6r& s$&ng h!#n n&a 1[ thk dvng
1h$hn nNp
R`0iaW T ho5c -,n gian RT h Wa @At ch%$n A c=ng -=,c tao 0a nh5@ thaL th< giao
1i<n T +ong +ong " IBS RT cho tAc -A t0%L<n 150 M'y+ ho5c !00 M'y+ +o v,i tAc
-A tAi -a 1!! M'y+ 1%ng kL th%$t c%.
CAng IBS t0%L<n thAng k @a ch%ng ta goi Wa T +ong +ong ho5c -,n gian OT m t0%L<n
1= Wi<% +ong +ong.P,i th< c%a t0%L<n 1= Wi<% +ong +ong h,n h5n t0%L<n nAi ti<p Wa cai
t0=,c co tAc -A t0%L<n cao h,n vi nhi<% /it+ -=,c ch%L<n -i c%ng W%c.T%L nhi<n "/$t W,i
chinh c%a no Wa Wi<n D%an t,i nhi<%.ghi @a nhi<% +,i 1$L -=,c 1%ng"+,i naL +` tao nhi<%
D%a +,i khac.to chinh Wa WL 1o tai +ao Th66 va cac A c=ng co tAc -A cao h,n c$n @At
Woai cap -5c /i<t"Woai 80 +,i.R= khac /i<t gi=a cap 80 +,i va cap 40 +,i Wa no th<@ @At +,i
ti<p -$t vao gi=a Woai cap t0=,c"tao 0a @At giap chAng nhi<%.
R`0iaW T "t0ai Wai" t0%L<n 1= Wi<% t0ong ch< -A nAi ti<p"nghia Wa @Ai W$n @At /it.Th`o
cach +%L nghi t0%L<n thAng c%a ch%ng ta thi t0%L<n nAi ti<p W%c nao c%ng ch$@ h,n t0%L<n
+ong +ong.Ro 0ang Wa n<% nh= t0%L<n +ong +ong t0<n 8 +,i 1$L 1i nhi<n +` nhanh g$p 8 W$n
t0%L<n nAi ti<p vi 8 +,i +` t0%L<n 8 /it @At W$n t0ong khi t0%L<n nAi ti<p chi t0%L<n -i 1
/it.T%L nhi<n"khi 1%ng v,i t$n +A cao"thi t0%L<n nAi ti<p Wai co th< nhanh h,n t0%L<n +ong
+ong.t$L Wa t0=,ng h,p oaL t0a -%ng t0ong R`0iaW T.
Ch%$n R`0iaW T t0%L<n tAc -A 1500 M/p+.)i no 1%ng @a 8'y10' @Ai @At nho@ 8
/it+ -=,c @a hoa thanh @At +A 10 /it o%ng hi<% D%a c%a no Wa 150 M'y+.Cac thi<t /i
R`0iaW T chaL , ch%$n naL -=,c /i<t 1=,i t<n RTh150.R`0iaW T II th<@ -5c tinh
;Cr k ;ativ` Co@@an1 r%`%ing m" cAng th<@ tAc -A W<n t,i !00 M'y+.Cac thi<t /i co
th< chaL , tAc -A naL -=,c goi Wa RTh!00.Ch%$n k< ti<p +` Wa RTh600.
C$n W=% L 05ng RT II va RTh!00 khAng -Ang nghia v,i nha%.;g=,i ta co th< tao 0a
@At thi<t /i chi chaL v,i tAc -A 150 M'y+ co -5c tinh c%a RT II ch5ng han nh=
;Cr.Thi<t /i naL -%ng Wa thi<t /i RT II cho 1% no khAng chaL , tAc -A !00 M'y+.
;ativ` Co@@an1 r%`%ing k;Crm t5ng hi<% n5ng A c=ng /5ng cach +5p o<p Wai W<nh @aL
tinh g,i t,i. MAt -i<% W=% L D%an t0ong n=a Wa R`0iaW T -=a vao hai -=,ng 1= Wi<%
0i<ng"@At cho t0%L<n -i va @At -< nh$n tin hi<% g,i t,i.T0ong thi<t k< t0%L<n +ong
+ong"chi co @At Woai -=,ng t0%L<n tin hi<% chia +` cho ca t0%L<n -i va nh$n.Cap R`0iaW
T gA@ hai c5p 1$L k @At c5p t0%L<n -i va @At c5p nh$n tin hi<% m 1%ng cach t0%L<n vi
ph$n.;o 1%ng th<@ ! +,i ti<p -$t"nh= v$L cap R`0iaW T 1%ng 7 1$L.
MAt W,i ich khac c%a t0%L<n nAi ti<p Wa 1%ng 0$t it +,i 1$L"1$L cap nho gon"khAng choan
chA"khAng khi 1< W=% thAng giai nhi<t cho th%ng @aL.
T0=>c -$L C D%ang -=_c +2n o%Mt th`o ch%?n IBS"gin -$L -^ o%Mt hiUn ch%?n RT v
ngL cng t09 n<n thAng 1Qng
GI Ng$ 1hQ1 nRng BIOD h# thLngI Ph2n M!#t l 6r& "$_n "Z : l 6r& :_t "Z
tONng /<a t;nhI
BIOD W Ba+ic Inp%t N%tp%t DL+t`@ k hU th.ng nhGp o%Mt c, /2n m -=_c WGp t07nh -J t8
kiJ@ t0a khi @6L t8 kh9i -:ng k PODT h Po`0 OnD`W| T`+t m v ph$n chia c6c ng%(n
18 t0a hU th.ng k IAw h Int`00%p A`D%`+t v DMA h Di0`ct M`@o0L Acc`++ m cho c6c
thit /b t0<n @6L nhz@ t06nh o%ng -:t v c6c ch=,ng t07nh.
ghi ch=,ng t07nh 'IOR chL th7 -i% ti<n W cAng viUc cHa OORT" +a% - @6L t3nh +*
-Yc c6c WUnh t0ong ROM v t0ong CMOR.
Cq$ tfN :_t "Z 6r& 1Qng3
B&N g./ 1<1 tO&1, : sT1tNO3
r%6 t07nh ghi c6c 1M% hiU% cHa c6c t0ack v c6c +`cto0 W<n -Na -=_c th8c hiUn ti
o=9ng +2n o%Mt
CM% to W%Gn WX&
'ao g(@ /oot +`cto0" T" v 0oot 1i0`cto0L
OR th8c hiUn -bnh 1ng cMp cao /zng c6ch th8c hiUn phin cdn Wi cHa D%6 t07nh
-bnh 1ng kto 0a /oot +`cto0" T" v 0oot 1i0`cto0Lm
4(I TOdnh Ma 1<1 "Nf! AAM : thng sLI DN s<nh AAM trnh : AAM
6XngI
TVL th`o cAng nghU ch to" ng=ni ta ph$n /iUt thnh 2 Woi&
RRM kRtatic RMm& RM tNnh
BRM kBLna@ic RMm& RM -:ng
AAM trnh
RM tNnh -=_c ch to th`o cAng nghU SCP k1Vng t0ong CMOR v 'iCMORm. M}i /it
nh> g(@ c c6c cCng Wogic v>i 6 t0an+i+to0 MOR. RRM W /: nh> nhanh" viUc -Yc
khAng W@ hHL n:i 1%ng cHa A nh> v thni gian th$@ nhGp /zng ch% k cHa /: nh>.
AAM 6Xng
RM -:ng 1Vng kF th%Gt MOR. M}i /it nh> g(@ @:t t0an+i+to0 v @:t tQ -iUn. )iUc ghi
nh> 1a WiU% 18a vo viUc 1%L t07 -iUn t3ch np vo tQ -iUn v nh= vGL viUc -Yc @:t /it
nh> W@ n:i 1%ng /it nL /b hHL. Bo vGL +a% @}i Win -Yc @:t A nh>" /: phGn -i]% khiJn
/: nh> ph2i vit Wi n:i 1%ng A nh> -. Ch% k /: nh> cxng th`o - @ 3t nhMt W gMp -Ai
thni gian th$@ nhGp A nh>.
)iUc W=% gia thAng tin t0ong /it nh> chl W t@ thni v7 tQ -iUn +* phng ht -iUn t3ch -^
np v nh= vGL ph2i W@ t=,i /: nh> +a% kho2ng thni gian 2+. )iUc W@ t=,i -=_c th8c
hiUn v>i tMt c2 c6c A nh> t0ong /: nh>. CAng viUc nL -=_c th8c hiUn t8 -:ng /9i @:t vi
@ch /: nh>.
': nh> BRM chG@ nh=ng 0 ti]n h,n RRM.
C<1 "Nf! DAAM
1. DDAAM k)it tjt t[ DLnch0ono%+ DLna@ic AAMm -=_c gYi W BRM -(ng /:.
RBRM g(@ ! ph$n Woi& RBR" BBR" v BBR2.
o DDA RBRM kDingW` Data Aat` RBRMm" th=nng -=_c gYi tjt W
DDA. C 168 ch$n. t=_c 1Vng t0ong c6c @6L vi t3nh cx" /%+ +p``1 chL
cVng vGn t.c v>i cWock +p``1 cHa @`@o0L chip" naL -^ W}i thni.
o DDA RBRM kDo%/W` Data Aat` RBRMm" th=nng -=_c gYi tjt W
DDA. C 184 ch$n. BBR RBRM W c2i tin cHa /: nh> RBR v>i t.c
-: t0%L]n t2i gMp -Ai RBR nhn vo viUc t0%L]n t2i hai Win t0ong @:t ch% k
/: nh>. t^ -=_c thaL th /9i DDA8.
o DDA8 RBRM kDo%/W` Data Aat` 8 RBRMm" Th=nng gYi tjt W
DDA8. P th hU th4 hai cHa BBR v>i 240 ch$n" W_i th W>n nhMt cHa n
+o v>i BBR W c /%+ +p``1 cao gMp -Ai cWock +p``1.
2. ADAAM k)it tjt t[ Aa@/%+ DLna@ic AAMm" th=nng -=_c gYi tjt W
A&/M$s. t$L W @:t Woi BRM -=_c thit k kF th%Gt hon ton @>i +o v>i
kF th%Gt RBRM. RBRM hot -:ng -(ng /: th`o @:t hU th.ng WEp v t0%L]n
1a WiU% th`o @:t h=>ng. M:t k<nh /: nh> RBRM c thJ h} t0_ -n !2 chip
BRM. M}i chip -=_c ghvp n.i t%in t8 t0<n @:t @o1%W` gYi W RIMM kRa@/%+
InWin` M`@o0L Mo1%W`m nh=ng viUc t0%L]n 1a WiU% -=_c th8c hiUn giaa c6c @ch
-i]% khiJn v t[ng chip 0i<ng /iUt ch4 khAng t0%L]n giaa c6c chip v>i nha%. '%+
/: nh> RBRM W -=nng 1n Wi<n tQc -i D%a c6c chip v @o1%W` t0<n /%+" @}i
@o1%W` c c6c ch$n vo v 0a t0<n c6c -i% -.i 1iUn. Bo -" n% c6c kh` cj@
khAng ch4a RIMM +* ph2i gjn @:t @o1%W` Wi<n tQc -J -2@ /2o -=nng t0%L]n
-=_c n.i Wi]n. T.c -: Ra@/%+ -t t[ 400h800Ms. Ra@/%+ t%L khAng nhanh h,n
RBRM W /ao nh=ng Wi -jt h,n 0Mt nhi]% n<n c 0Mt 3t ng=ni 1Vng. RBRM
ph2i cj@ thnh cEp v 9 nhang kh` t0.ng ph2i cj@ nhang thanh RM gi2 kcdn
gYi W ChRIMMm cho -H.
44I Ng$ hNft 6Xng MX ng$.nI
T0=>c ht ta cin ph$n t3ch t7@ hiJ% +, W=_c v] /: ng%(n
DK 6. ,hL! 1\& ng$.n ATx 6UV1 1h!& "/ 9 nh[/ 1h;nh
Mf1h "W1 nh!y$ : 1hznh "U$
h Mch WYc nhi% C ch4c n5ng WYc /~ nhi% cao tin /6@ th`o -=nng 1$L -iUn C 220)"
khAng -J ch\ng WYt vo t0ong /: ng%(n v @6L t3nh g$L h~ng Winh kiUn v g$L nhi% t0<n @n
h7nh" c6c nhi% nL c thJ W +M@ +vt" nhi% cAng nghiUp v v
h Mch chlnh W=% C ch4c n5ng chlnh W=% -iUn 6p ooaL chi]% thnh @:t chi]%" +a% - -iUn
6p @:t chi]% +* -=_c c6c tQ WYc" WYc thnh -iUn 6p /zng phng.
Ng$.n 1q= tOU`1 5Dt&nMa7
h ;g%(n cMp t0=>c c ch4c n5ng to 0a -iUn 6p 5) RT' k-iUn 6p cMp t0=>cm -J c%ng cMp cho
@ch kh9i -:ng t0<n Main/oa01 v c%ng cMp 12) cho @ch 1ao -:ng cHa ng%(n ch3nh.
h ;g%(n cMp t0=>c hot -:ng ngaL khi ta cMp -iUn cho /: ng%(n v n +* hot -:ng +%.t ngL
n% ta khAng 0\t -iUn 0a kh~i C cj@.
h t0<n Main/oa01" -iUn 6p 5) RT' cMp t0=>c -i cMp t08c tip cho c6c IChRIO v Chip+`t
na@.
h T0<n /: ng%(n" IC 1ao -:ng cHa ng%(n ch3nh cxng -=_c cMp -iUn 6p th=nng o%L<n khi
ng%(n Rtan/L hot -:ng" nh=ng IC 1ao -:ng chl hot -:ng khi WUnh O.O; c @4c Wogic thMp
k0)m
Ng$.n 1h;nh 5M&!n PN{TO7
h ;g%(n ch3nh c ch4c n5ng to 0a c6c @4c -iUn 6p ch3nh c%ng cMp cho Main/oa01 - W c6c
-iUn 6p 12)" 5) v !"!)" c6c -iUn 6p nL cho 1dng 0Mt W>n -J c thJ -6p 4ng -=_c ton /:
hot -:ng cHa Main/oa01 v c6c thit /b ngoi vi gjn t0<n @6L t3nh" ngoi 0a ng%(n ch3nh cdn
c%ng cMp hai @4c ng%(n $@ W h12) v h5)" hai -iUn 6p $@ th=nng chl c%ng cMp cho c6c
@ch phQ.
Mf1h MPN :# 5PONtT1h7
h Mch /2o vU c ch4c n5ng /2o vU cho ng%(n ch3nh khAng /b h= h~ng khi phQ t2i /b chGp
hoEc /2o vU Main/oa01 khi ng%(n ch3nh c 1M% hiU% -=a 0a -iUn 6p D%6 cao v=_t ng=ng cho
phvp.
h PUnh O.O; th=nng -i D%a @ch /2o vU t0=>c khi n -=_c -=a t>i -i]% khiJn IC 1ao -:ng"
khi c hiUn t=_ng D%6 1dng knh= W\c chGp phQ t2im hoEc D%6 6p k1o ng%(n -=a 0a -iUn 6p D%6
caom khi - @ch /2o vU +* hot -:ng v ngjt W<nh O.O; v IC 1ao -:ng +* t@ ng=ng hot
-:ng.
;g%(n T{ c hai phin W ng%(n cMp t0=>c kRtan/Lm v ng%(n ch3nh kMain Oo`0m.
ghi ta cj@ -iUn C 220) cho /: ng%(n" ng%(n Rtan/L hot -:ng ngaL v c%ng
cMp o%.ng Main/oa01 -iUn 6p .
5) RT'" -iUn 6p nL +* c%ng cMp cho @ch kh9i -:ng ng%(n t0<n Chip+`t na@ v
IChRIO kng%(n ch3nh ch=a hot -:ng khi ta ch=a /M@ cAng tjcm.
ghi ta /M@ cAng tjc t6c -:ng vo @ch kh9i -:ng t0ong Chip+`t na@
Chip+`t -=a 0a WUnh O.O; cho -i D%a ICh RIO 0(i -=a 0a ch$n O.O; cHa 0jc cj@
W<n ng%(n T{ kch$n O.O; W ch$n c 1$L @i% oanh W6 c$Lm" khi c WUnh O.O; k
0)m ng%(n ch3nh Main Oo`0 +* hot -:ng.
ghi ng%(n ch3nh hot -:ng c%ng cMp o%.ng Main/oa01 c6c -iUn 6p !"!) kD%a
c6c 1$L @i% ca@m" 5) kD%a c6c 1$L @i% -~m" 12) k D%a c6c 1$L @i% vngm" h5)
D%a 1$L @i% t0jng v h12) D%a 1$L @i% oanh W,.
48I Ng$ : =h2n t;1h 1<1 t;n h!#$ s$&n tOWng ,h! 6N 6f1 dfng s[ng
tOgn MBI
4I CPS ATsTt3 5O7
T3n hiU% sCOZRRT W ng 0a t[ MCs. MCs o%Mt 0a t3n hiU% sCOZRRT t0ong khi
RRTI; -=_c t6c -:ng v t0ong kho2ng 1@+ +a% khi RRTI; ht t6c -:ng. T3n hiU%
sCOZRRT cho phvp /: ou WX /jt -i% th8c thi 9 t0ang th6i cho t0=>c.
2. PN{TO OK3 5 I 7
ghi -=_c t6c -:ng" OqROg /6o cho MCs ng%(n cho co0` -^ Cn -bnh -=_c 3t nhMt 10
%+.
!. ATsTt In3 5 I 7
ghi -=_c t6c -:ng" t3n hiU% n6L +* 0`+`t /Mt -(ng /: MCs. T3n hiU% nL -=_c n.i -n
ng 0a OPTRRT cHa ICs6. T3n hiU% ng vo nL c @ch Rch@itt t0igg`0 -J t06nh
0`+`t gi2.T3n hiU% nL L<% ci% !.! ).
9I PN{TO B$ttNn3 5 I 7
T3n hiU% Oo`0 '%tton W@ cho RMI haL RCI chl 0a L<% ci% cHa hU th.ng -i vo t0ng
th6i ngH. ;% hU th.ng -ang 9 t0ng th6i ngH" t3n hiU% nL W 1 +8 kiUn -6nh th4c. ;%
OqR'T; -=_c nhMn h,n 4+" +* g$L 0a viUc ch%LJn t0ng th6i khAng -i]% kiUn +ang
t0ng th6i +5 kpo`0 /%tton ov`00i1`m. Ov`00i1` cxng +* o2L 0a ngaL c2 khi hU th.ng -ang
9 t0ng th6i R1hR4. T3n hiU% nL c 1 -iUn t09 p%WW%p 0`+i+to0 v c @ch ch.ng 1:i 16
@+ ti -i% vo.
5. DtP|D0}3 5 O 7
R! RW``p Cont0oW& RPOR! 1nh -J -i]% khiJn ng%(n. T3n hiU% nL tjt ng%(n c6c hU
th.ng khAng nghi<@ t0Yng khi hU th.ng -ang 9 t0ng th6i R! kR%+p`n1 To RMm" R4
kR%+p`n1 to Bi+km" haL R5 kRo|t O||m +tat`+.
'I P"&tcNO/ ATsTt3 5 O 7
ICs6 -=a 0a t3n hiU% OPTRRT -J 0`+`t c6c thit /b t0ong hU th.ng kv1& RIO" qs"
P;" kwmMCs" IBS" TOM" vv..m. ICs6 -=a t3n hiU% OPTRRT t0ong +%.t D%6 t07nh /Gt
ng%(n v khi Ryq kh9i to 1 ch%}i ha01 0`+`t D%a thanh ghi -i]% khiJn R`+`t kIyO
R`gi+t`0 C#hm.ICs6 -i]% khiJn OPTRRT khAng t6c -:ng t.i thiJ% 1 @+ +a% khi c2 t3n
hiU% OqROg v )RMOqRwB 9 @4c cao. ICs6 -i]% khiJn OPTRRT t6c -:ng 3t nhMt
1 @+ khi -=_c kh9i to /9i thanh ghi 0`+`t kIyO R`gi+t`0 C#hm.
?I DtN= C"N1, ATs$Tst3
RTOCPg W ng 0a t3ch c8c @4c thMp -(ng /: v>i OCICPg. ; -=_c to 0a /9i ICs6 -J
-6p 4ng Wi c6c +8 kiUn v] phin c4ng h_ac phin @]@. ghi /: ou WX chYn RTOCPg t6c
-:ng" n -6p 4ng /zng c6ch 1[ng o%ng cWock n:i cHa n.
@I N dfng s[ng ng~ O& IC tfN Y$ng 1"N1,
40I Ng$ 1<1 MU`1 ,!k/ tO& /&!nMN&Od dvng 1&Od ,!k/ tO& /&!nMN&OdI
C6c /=>c kiJ@ t0a
Th6o tMt c2 c6c Winh kiUn 0a kh~i Main/oa01
wjn Ca01 T`+t Main vo kh` OCI
h CMp ng%(n cho Main /oa01
h M9 ng%(n k 1Vng tA v3t -M% chGp ch$n OqR h ch$n cAng tjc
@9
ng%(n cho D%t ng%(n D%aL m
r%an +6t 1^L -cn P`1 t0<n Main/oa01
Ch\ th3ch &
h C6c -cn 5)" !"!)" 12)" h12) +6ng nghNa W -^ c c6c
-iUn 6p 5)" !"!)" 12)" h12) haL c6c -=nng 6p - /7nh
th=nng
h tcn CPg +6ng W IC 1ao -:ng to o%ng CPg t0<n Main/oa01
t.t
h tcn RRT +6ng k +a% tjt m cho /it Main/oa01 -^ to o%ng
R`+`t -J kh9i -:ng COZ .
h tcn ORC +6ng cho /it COZ -^ hot -:ng
h tcn 'IOR +6ng cho /it COZ -ang t0%L cGp vo 'IOR .
ghi ch=a gjn COZ vo Main/oa01 th7 -cn ORC v -cn 'IOR +*
khAng +6ng cdn Wi tMt c2 c6c -cn kh6c -]% ph6t +6ng W Main/oa01 /7nh th=nng k 0i<ng
-cn RRT +6ng 0(i tjt m
ghi gjn COZ vo" n% tMt c2 c6c -cn P`1 t0<n -]% +6ng W c2 Main/oa01 v COZ -^
hot -:ng .
T07nh t8 kh9i -:ng @6L nh= +a%&
49I Ng$ =hUKng =h<= ,!k/ tO& /&!nMN&Od : 1<1 MU`1 ,!k/ tO&I
PhUKng =h<= ,!k/ tO& M&!nMN&Od
1.Th6o tMt c2 c6c C -Na c4ng" C CB Ro@ " c6c Ca01 @9 0:ng v thanh RM 0a kh~i
Main/oa01" chl -J Wi COZ t0<n Main/oa01 .
2. CMp ng%(n" /Gt cAng tjc v D%an +6t c6c /iJ% hiUn +a% &
'iJ% hiUn 1 & r%t ng%(n D%aL" D%t COZ D%aL" c c6c ting /ip 1i 9 Woa
ti]% nL cho thML Main/oa01 vn hot -:ng" COZ vn hot -:ng" c ting /3p 1i W
/iJ% hiUn Main/oa01 v COZ -^ hot -:ng v -=a 0a -=_c thAng /6o W}i cHa RM k )7 ta
ch=a cj@ RM m
'iJ% hiUn 2 & r%t ng%(n v D%t COZ khAng D%aL k t2@ /2o chjc chjn W cAng tjc COZ
-^ -M% -\ng m
ti]% nL cho thML Chip+`t -i]% khiJn ng%(n t0<n Main/oa01 khAng hot -:ng .
'iJ% hiUn ! & r%t ng%(n v D%t COZ c D%aL nh=ng khAng c ting k<% 9 Woa .
ti]% nL cho thML COZ ch=a hot -:ng hoEc h~ng ROM 'IOR n% /n -^ thaL thu
COZ t.t vo th7 h= h~ng W 1o ROM 'IOR hoEc Chip+`t t0<n Main/oa01
t0<n W c6c /=>c gi\p /n o6c -bnh W h= h~ng 1o Main/oa01 haL Winh kiUn kh6c cHa
@6L nh=ng ch=a o6c -bnh -=_c W h~ng c6i g7 t0<n Main/oa01
C<1 MU`1 ,!k/ tO& M&!nMN&OdI
1. giJ@ t0a Wi -J o6c -bnh cho ch3nh o6c h= h~ng W th%:c v]
Main/oa01 ch4 khAng ph2i RM" COZ haL c6c Ca01 @9 0:ng .
C6ch o6c -bnh nL W@ th`o c6c /=>c 9 phin kiJ@ t0a
Main/oa01
2. BVng Ca01 T`+t Main -J o6c -bnh o`@ cQ thJ W h~ng c6i g7
t0<n Main/oa01 .
!. C6c /=>c tin hnh +ua chaa Main/oa01
'=>c 1 & giJ@ t0a -J o6c -bnh h= h~ng th%:c v] Main/oa01 &
4. Ch%?n /b Main/oa01 nghi h~ng -J kiJ@ t0a "BVng @:t /: ng%(n t.t -J thu" 1Vng COZ
t.t -J thu .
5. Ch=a cj@ RM v /Mt k @:t th4 g7 kh6c k t0[ COZ m vo Main/oa01
6. Cj@ jc cAng tjc ng%(n cHa Ca+` vo Main/oa01
7. CMp -iUn ng%(n v /Gt cAng tjc Oo`0" D%an +6t c6c /iJ% hiUn +a% &
r%t ng%(n v D%t COZ c D%aL" c ting /3p 1i 9 Woa .
ti]% nL W /iJ% hiUn Main/oa01 vn /7nh th=nng .
r%t ng%(n v D%t COZ khAng D%aL hoEc c6c D%t D%aL nh=ng khAng c ting /3p 9
Woa .
'iJ% hiUn nL cho thML h= h~ng th%:c v] Main/oa01" -J o6c -bnh 0 h,n /n 1Vng
Ca01 T`+t Main -J kiJ@ t0a .
4bINg$ 1<1 thng sL 1\& CPSI ChQ1 nRng 1\& CPS " gdp
1 Chc nng ca CPU
COZ vit tjt cHa cha C`nt0aW O0oc`++ing Znit kting nhm" t@ 1bch W -,n vb ou W3 t0%ng
t$@. COZ c thJ -=_c o`@ nh= n^o /:" @:t t0ong nhang phin tu c.t Wi nhMt cHa @6L vi t3nh.
;hiU@ vQ ch3nh cHa COZ W ou WX c6c ch=,ng t07nh vi t3nh v 1a kiUn. COZ c nhi]% kiJ% 16ng
kh6c nha%. h7nh th4c -,n gi2n nhMt" COZ W @:t con chip v>i vi chQc ch$n. Oh4c tp h,n"
COZ -=_c 06p +n t0ong c6c /: @ch v>i hng t05@ con chip kh6c. COZ W @:t @ch ou WX 1a
WiU% th`o ch=,ng t07nh -=_c thit WGp t0=>c. ; W @:t @ch t3ch h_p ph4c tp g(@ hng t0iU%
t0an+i+to0
2 Cu to ca CPU
COZ c ! kh.i ch3nh W &
&I BX 6!*$ ,h!kn 5 CNntON" Sn!t 7P c6c vi ou W3 c nhiU@ vQ thAng 1bch c6c WUnh
cHa ch=,ng t07nh v -i]% khiJn hot -:ng ou W3"-=_c -i]% tit ch3nh o6c /9i o%ng
nhbp -(ng h( hU
th.ng. Mch o%ng nhbp -(ng h( hU th.ng 1Vng -J -(ng /: c6c thao t6c ou W3 t0ong
v ngoi COZ th`o c6c kho2ng thni gian khAng -Ci.gho2ng thni gian chn giaa hai
o%ng gYi W ch% k o%ng nhbp.T.c -: th`o - o%ng nhbp hU th.ng to 0a c6c o%ng
t3n hiU% ch%?n thni gian gYi W t.c -: o%ng nhbp t.c -: -(ng h( t3nh /zng t0iU%
-,n vb @}i gi$LhMh. Thanh ghi W phin tu nh> t@ t0ong /: vi ou WX 1Vng W=% 1a
WiU% v -ba chl nh> t0ong @6L khi -ang th8c hiUn t6c vQ v>i ch\ng.
MI BX sL hW1>"Ng!1 5AtS>AO!th/Tt!1 tNg!1 Sn!t7C ch4c n5ng th8c hiUn c6c WUnh
cHa -,n vb -i]% khiJn v ou WX t3n hiU%. Th`o t<n gYi"-,n vb nL 1Vng -J th8c hiUn
c6c phvp t3nh +. hYck "h""y mhaL c6c phvp t3nh Wogic k+o +6nh W>n h,n"nh~ h,nm
1I Th&nh gh! 5 ATg!stTO 7Thanh ghi c nhiU@ vQ ghi @^ WUnh t0=>c khi ou WX v ghi kt D%2
+a% khi ou WX
3 Cc thng s k thut ca CPU
&I TL1 6X 1\& CPS&
T.c -: ou WX cHa @6L t3nh phQ th%:c vo t.c -: cHa COZ" nh=ng n cxng phQ th%:c
vo c6c phin kh6c knh= /: nh> t0ong" RM" haL /o @ch -( hYam.C nhi]% cAng
nghU W@ t5ng t.c -: ou WX cHa COZ.
)3 1Q cAng nghU Co0` 2 B%o.
T.c -: COZ c Wi<n hU v>i tin +. -(ng h( W@ viUc cHa n kt3nh /zng c6c -,n vb nh=
Ms" ws" m. t.i v>i c6c COZ cVng Woi tin +. nL cng cao
th7 t.c -: ou WX cng t5ng. t.i v>i COZ kh6c Woi" th7 -i]% nL ch=a chjc -^ -\ng
v3 1Q COZ Co0` 2 B%o c tin +. 2"6ws c thJ ou WX 1a WiU% nhanh h,n COZ
!"4ws @:t nh$n. T.c -: COZ cdn phQ th%:c vo /: nh> -U@ cHa n" v3 nh= Int`W
Co0` 2 B%o +u 1Qng ch%ng cach` P2 k+ha0`1 cach`m gi\p cho t.c -: ou WX cHa hU
th.ng 2 nh$n @>i nL nhanh h,n +o v>i hU th.ng 2 nh$n th hU 1 k Int`W Co0` B%o
v Int`W O`nti%@ Bm v>i @}i co0` t[ng cach` P2 0i<ng /iUt. k': nh> -U@ 1Vng -J
W=% c6c WUnh haL 1Vng" gi\p cho viUc nhGp 1a WiU% ou WX nhanh h,nm. siUn naL cAng
nghU +2n o%Mt COZ W@ cAng nghU 65n@.
siUn -^ c Woi COZ r%a1hCo0` k4 nh$nm.v c 1dng cao cMp cHa int`W W co0` i5 "
co0` I 7 v>i gin t0\c ;`haW`@ -=_c o$L 18ng t0<n cAng nghU 45 nano@`t`0 v>i hU
+. nh$n t[ 2 -n 8 nh$n .
s^ng MB -^ cho 0a cAng nghU g(@ 2 /: ou WX" @}i /: 2h4 nh$n.
MI TL1 6X BSD 1\& CPS 5 DB ONnt D!dT B$s 7
DB ONnt D!dT B$s
R' P t.c -: t0%L]n t2i 1a WiU% 0a vo COZ haL W t.c -: 1a WiU% chL D%a ch$n
cHa COZ.
T0ong @:t hU th.ng th7 t.c -: '%+ cHa COZ ph2i /zng v>i t.c -: '%+ cHa Chip+`t /jc"
t%L nhi<n t.c -: '%+ cHa COZ W 1%L nhMt nh=ng Chip+`t /jc c thJ h} t0_ t[ hai -n /a
t.c -: R'
1dng ch3p O`n2 v O`n! th7 R' c c6c t.c -: 66Ms" 100Ms v 1!!Ms
1dng ch3p O`n4 R' c c6c t.c -: W 400Ms" 5!!Ms" 800Ms" 1066Ms"
1!!!Ms v 1600Ms
1I BX nh` C&1hTI
C&1hT3 )Vng nh> @ COZ 1Vng -J W=% c6c phin cHa ch=,ng t07nh" c6c ti WiU% +jp
-=_c +u 1Qng. ghi cin" COZ +* t7@ thAng tin t0<n cach` t0=>c khi t7@ t0<n /: nh>
ch3nh.
C&1hT t43 Int`g0at`1 cach` kcach` t3ch h_pm cach` -=_c h_p nhMt ngaL t0<n COZ.
Cach` t3ch h_p t5ng t.c -: COZ 1o thAng tin t0%L]n -n v t0%L]n -i t[ cach` nhanh
h,n W ph2i chL D%a /%+ hU th.ng. C6c nh ch to th=nng gYi cach` nL W onh1i`
cach`. Cach` P1 cach` ch3nh cHa COZ. COZ t0=>c ht t7@ thAng tin cin thit 9
cach` nL.
C&1hT t83 Cach` th4 cMp. ThAng tin tip tQc -=_c t7@ t0<n cach` P2 n% khAng t7@
thML t0<n cach` P1. Cach` P2 c t.c -: thMp h,n cach` P1 v cao h,n t.c -: cHa c6c
chip nh> k@`@o0L chipm. T0ong @:t +. t0=nng h_p knh= O`nti%@ O0om" cach` P2
cxng W cach` t3ch h_p.
4'I ng$ s$< tOdnh t "j1 M_t /<a 6-n "j1 h# 6!*$ hnh 6 6UV1 tP! "gnI
1. 'Gt cAng tjc" ng%(n ch3nh hot -:ng c%ng cMp cho Main/oa01 c6c -iUn 6p
ch3nh 12)" 5) v !.!)
2. Mch )RM cMp ng%(n )CORS cho COZ -(ng thni /6o t3n hiU% )RMwB
k)RMwoo1m -n Chip+`t na@
!. Mch to o%ng CWock kCWockingm hot -:ng" c%ng cMp cho c6c thnh phin t0<n
Main o%ng CWock -J hot -:ng
4. ghi c )cc" c o%ng CWock IChRIO hot -:ng.
5. IChRIO to t3n hiU% R`+`t -J kh9i -:ng Chip+`t na@
6. Chip+`t na@ hot -:ng
7. ;% c t3n hiU% )RMwB th7 Chip+`t na@ to t3n hiU% R`+`t hU th.ng.
8. Chip+`t /jc hot -:ng
#. Chip+`t /jc to 0a t3n hiU% R`+`t COZ
10. COZ hot -:ng
11. COZ ph6t t3n hiU% t0%L cGp ROM -J np ch=,ng t07nh 'IOR
12. Ch=,ng t07nh 'IOR kiJ@ t0a /: nh> RM
1!. Ch=,ng t07nh 'IOR kiJ@ t0a Ca01 )i1`o
14. 'IOR cho np /2n W=% cM% h7nh @6L t0ong RM CMOR
15. giJ@ t0a c6c cCng v c6c C -Na th`o thit WGp t0ong CMOR
16. gh9i -:ng C c4ng v np hU -i]% hnh t[ C c4ng W<n RM
;g%(n T{ c hai phin W ng%(n cMp t0=>c kRtan/Lm v ng%(n ch3nh kMain Oo`0m.
ghi ta cj@ -iUn C 220) cho /: ng%(n" ng%(n Rtan/L hot -:ng ngaL v
c%ng cMp o%.ng Main/oa01 -iUn 6p .
5) RT'" -iUn 6p nL +* c%ng cMp cho @ch kh9i -:ng ng%(n t0<n Chip+`t
na@ v IChRIO kng%(n ch3nh ch=a hot -:ng khi ta ch=a /M@ cAng tjcm.
ghi ta /M@ cAng tjc t6c -:ng vo @ch kh9i -:ng t0ong Chip+`t na@
Chip+`t -=a 0a WUnh O.O; cho -i D%a ICh RIO 0(i -=a 0a ch$n O.O; cHa 0jc
cj@ W<n ng%(n T{ kch$n O.O; W ch$n c 1$L @i% oanh W6 c$Lm" khi c WUnh
O.O; k 0)m ng%(n ch3nh Main Oo`0 +* hot -:ng.
ghi ng%(n ch3nh hot -:ng c%ng cMp o%.ng Main/oa01 c6c -iUn 6p
!"!) kD%a c6c 1$L @i% ca@m" 5) kD%a c6c 1$L @i% -~m" 12) k D%a c6c 1$L @i%
vngm" h5) D%a 1$L @i% t0jng v h12) D%a 1$L @i% oanh W,.
C<1 BU`1 Khe! Xng 6UV1 TOdnh Ma nhU sK 6. s&$
.