Combaterea Buruienilor in Culturile Legumicole

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lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-506\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
COMBATEREA BURUIENILOR N CULTURILE LEGUMICOLE}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Cele mai mari pierderi survenite n produc\uc1\u355Xia legumicol\uc1\u259X se
datoreaz\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {buruienilor (mai mult dect cele datorate agen\uc1\u355Xilor patogeni), deoarec
e intr\uc1\u259X n }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{concuren\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X cu plantele legumicole, sub urm\uc1\u259Xtoarele
aspecte: consum\uc1\u259X ap\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\s
lmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {hran\uc1\u259X mai intens dect plantele legumi
cole; au un ritm de vegeta\uc1\u355Xie accelerat, }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\sl
mult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fiind n general mai pu\uc1\u355Xin preten\uc1\u
355Xioase fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de temperatur\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi lumin\uc1\u
259X; umbresc }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pl
antele legumicole; mpiedic\uc1\u259X efectuarea pra\uc1\u351Xilelor ime
diat dup\uc1\u259X r\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xrirea }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\s
lmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {plantelor, rndurile observndu-se greu; sunt gaz
de intermediare pentru o gam\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {larg\uc1\u259X de agen\uc1\u355Xi patogeni; nenl\uc1\u259X
turate la timp, ngreuneaz\uc1\u259X efectuarea lucr\uc1\u259Xrilor }\par\pard\li8
93\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de ntre\uc1\u355Xinere a cul
turilor legumicole, le asfixiaz\uc1\u259X, n final produc\uc1\u355Xiile s
cad }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {considerabil
, cantitativ \uc1\u351Xi calitativ, ajungnd pn\uc1\u259X la compromitere total\uc1
\u259X.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dat\uc1\
u259X fiind cunoa\uc1\u351Xterea influen\uc1\u355Xelor negative pe care buruieni
le le au }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asupra
plantelor de cultur\uc1\u259X, cercet\uc1\u259Xrile privitoare la g\uc1\u259Xsir
ea de metode ct mai }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {eficiente de combatere a lor au fost intensificate, nct pe plan mondial acest }
\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aspect este c
onsiderat la nivel de \uc1\u351Xtiin\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, ntlnindu-se
sub denumirea de }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {\uc1\u8222XHERBOLOGIE\uc1\u8221X .}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs2
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru combaterea buruienilor, n practica agricol\uc1\u25
9X se cunosc mai multe }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {metode, iar aceast\uc1\u259X ac\uc1\u355Xiune poate fi dus\uc1\u259X la b
un sfr\uc1\u351Xit numai prin mbinarea }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {lor, n func\uc1\u355Xie de situa\uc1\u355Xiile concrete.}\pa
r\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n prezent, literatur
a \uc1\u351Xi practica de specialitate folosesc termenul de }\par\pard\li893\r
i0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8222XCombatere integrat\uc
1\u259X a buruienilor\uc1\u8221X, care corespunde conceptului de \uc
1\u8222Xagri-}\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cul
tur\uc1\u259X durabil\uc1\u259X\uc1\u8221X \uc1\u351Xi care, n sintez\u
c1\u259X, nseamn\uc1\u259X produc\uc1\u355Xii mari \uc1\u351Xi rentabil
e, }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conservarea r
esurselor \uc1\u351Xi protec\uc1\u355Xia mediului nconjur\uc1\u259Xtor.}\par\pard
\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O verig\uc1\u259X importa
nt\uc1\u259X a acestui sistem o reprezint\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222XManagementul in-}
\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tegrat de pro

tec\uc1\u355Xie a plantelor\uc1\u8221X (MIPP) - care se raporteaz\
uc1\u259X la combaterea }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {bolilor, d\uc1\u259Xun\uc1\u259Xtorilor \uc1\u351Xi buruienilor.}\pa
r\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{1}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
margtsxn666\margbsxn240\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1746
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li1746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-506\slmult0 \fs28
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O latur\uc1\u259X specific\uc1\u259X a MIPP o reprezint\u
c1\u259X MIB (Integrated Weed Mana-}\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {gement), nsemnnd un sistem de m\uc1\u259Xsuri integ
rate: pentru men\uc1\u355Xinerea }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {mburuien\uc1\u259Xrii culturilor sub nivelul pragulu
i de d\uc1\u259Xunare; cu impact minim }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slm
ult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asupra mediului nconjur\uc1\u259Xtor \uc1\u351Xi
activit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor social economice.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\s
lmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {MIB este o treapt\uc1\u259X superioar\uc1\u25
9X a herbologiei. Pentru elaborarea lui sunt }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {necesare cuno\uc1\u351Xtin\uc1\u355Xe deosebite
de ecologia buruienilor \uc1\u351Xi interferen\uc1\u355Xa lor cu
}\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {plantele de
cultur\uc1\u259X, avnd ca obiectiv principal reducerea sau modifica
rea }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {influen\uc1\
u355Xei buruienilor pn\uc1\u259X la nivelul tolerabil.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-48
0\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cuno\uc1\u351Xtin\uc1\u355Xele privind din
amica evolu\uc1\u355Xiei diferitelor specii \uc1\u351Xi a comuni-}\par\pard\li89
3\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii acest
ora servesc la prevenirea gradului de infestare \uc1\u351Xi mai
departe la }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s
tabilirea metodelor de realizare a acestui aspect.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\s
lmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cele dou\uc1\u259X no\uc1\u355Xiuni, manageme
ntul \uc1\u351Xi combaterea integrat\uc1\u259X, nu trebuie }\par\pard\li893\ri0\
sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {opuse, deoarece n noua concep\
uc1\u355Xie, combaterea trebuie integrat\uc1\u259X n }\par\pard\li893\ri0
\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {management, ntruct acesta prevede \uc1
\u351Xi m\uc1\u259Xsuri de combatere pn\uc1\u259X la nivelul }\par\pard\li893\ri0
\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tolerabil de c\uc1\u259Xtre plantele
de cultur\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Managementul combaterii integrate a buruienilor trebuie fundamentat }\par\
pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u351Xtiin\uc1\u35
5Xific \uc1\u351Xi practic. El se precizeaz\uc1\u259X pentru fiecare ferm\uc1\u2
59X agricol\uc1\u259X, sol\uc1\u259X sau }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs
26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cultur\uc1\u259X n func\uc1\u355Xie de gradul de mburuien
are, condi\uc1\u355Xiile pedoclimatice locale, }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmul
t0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {specia \uc1\u351Xi tehnologia de cultur\uc1\u25
9X a acesteia, precum \uc1\u351Xi posibilit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile teh-nico-}\
par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {organizatorice ale
produc\uc1\u259Xtorului.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Budoi Gh. (1996) scoate n eviden\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X c\uc1\
u259X ac\uc1\u355Xiunea de combatere a }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmul
t0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {buruienilor poate fi dus\uc1\u259X la bun sfr\uc1\
u351Xit numai prin mbinarea mai multor me-}\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs
26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tode posibile de aplicat n fiecare caz n parte. Metodele
trebuie s\uc1\u259X fie integrate, }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X formeze un complex de m\uc1\u259Xsuri care s\uc1\
u259X se completeze unele pe altele, iar }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs
26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aplicarea lor s\uc1\u259X conduc\uc1\u259X la realizare
a \uc1\u351Xi a altor cerin\uc1\u355Xe ale tehnologiilor de }\par\pard\li893\ri0

\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cultur\uc1\u259X. Acela\uc1\u351Xi a
utor introduce pentru prima dat\uc1\u259X n literatura de specialitate }\par\pard
\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din Romnia no\uc1\u355Xiune
a de MIB, ar\uc1\u259Xtnd c\uc1\u259X aceast\uc1\u259X tehnologie \uc1\u8222Xprie
tenoas\uc1\u259X\uc1\u8221X fa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li5293\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\par\pard\sect\sectd\s
bkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn240\p
ard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-506\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de me
diu se ncadreaz\uc1\u259X mai bine n sistemul de agricultur\uc1\u2
59X durabil\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {(sustenabil\uc1\u259X), care se bazeaz\uc1\u259X pe consideren
te economice, ecologice \uc1\u351Xi }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \f
s28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {productive.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Se pune problema dac\uc1\u259X agricultura durabil\uc1\u25
9X este pus\uc1\u259X n practic\uc1\u259X. Da-}\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0
\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c\uc1\u259X r\uc1\u259Xspunsul este afirmativ
, atunci n procesul produc\uc1\u355Xiei agricole compo-}\par\pard\li8
93\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nentele economice \uc1\u35
1Xi ecologice (figura 4.6.3.1) sunt egale (Penescu A. \uc1\u351X
i}\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {qiontu C, 2001)
.
}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dac\uc1\
u259X unul dintre aceste sectoare dezechilibreaz\uc1\u259X intensitatea activit\
uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {agricole, atunci nu se mai poate vorbi de MIB.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-493
\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceasta presupune gestionarea \uc1\u351Xi u
tilizarea resurselor astfel nct s\uc1\u259X se }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0
\fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {realizeze un echilibru ntre produc\uc1\u355Xie, ecol
ogie \uc1\u351Xi rezultatul financiar, ca atare }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmu
lt0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {MIB presupune:}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-533\slmul
t0 \*\tx2466\fs28\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {conservarea biodiversit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xii plantelor n ecosisteme specif
ice;}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \*\tx2466\fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\u
c1\u61623X}\tab \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un program de monitorizare a buruien
ilor sub \uc1\u8222Xpragul economic }\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {de d\uc1\u259Xunare\uc1\u8221X;}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-480
\slmult0 \*\tx2466\fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs26\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {cunoa\uc1\u351Xterea biologiei popula\uc1\u355Xiilor de buru
ieni, a evolu\uc1\u355Xiei \uc1\u351Xi }\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-480\slmult
0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {rela\uc1\u355Xiilor acestora cu plantele d
e cultur\uc1\u259X, pentru elaborarea }\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-480\slmult0
\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {metodelor de men\uc1\u355Xinere a lor sub \uc1\u822
2Xpragul economic de d\uc1\u259Xunare\uc1\u8221X;}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-493\sl
mult0 \*\tx2466\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {amplasarea }\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx2466\fs28\cf0\f1\c
harscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tipul do sol}\par\pa
rd\li2106\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx2466\fs28\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\
tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {structura solului}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-533\sl
alex100 {condi\uc1\u355Xii climatice:}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \*\tx2
466\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {luc
r\uc1\u259Xrile tehnologice}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx2466\fs28\c
f0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lucr\uc1\u259
Xrile solului}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx2466\fs28\cf0\f1\charscal
ex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tehnici si timpul de s eman
are, recoltare}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \*\tx2466\fs24\cf0\f1\charsca
lex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fertilizarea}\par\pard\li2

106\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \*\tx2466\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \f
s28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gunoi do grajd}\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
3}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\m
argtsxn666\margbsxn240\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2106\
ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li2106\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-506\slmult0 \*\tx2
466\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ngra
\uc1\u351X\uc1\u259Xminte}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \*\tx2466\fs24\cf0
\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perfec\uc1\u355
Xionarea tehnologiilor de cultur\uc1\u259X, far\uc1\u259X a elimina utilizarea }
\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erbi-cidelor, da
r reducerea acestora pentru diminuarea efectului }\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-480\sl
mult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lor poluanl (reducerea dozelor, aplicarea lor n
zona rndului sau }\par\pard\li2466\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{n vetre, folosirea bioerbicidelor etc).}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs
26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Conceptul de \uc1\u8222XCombatere integrat\uc1\u259X a
buruienilor\uc1\u8221X presupune utilizarea }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0
\fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u351Xi mbinarea tuturor metodelor (m\uc1\u259Xsu
rilor) cunoscute \uc1\u351Xi care au rol important n }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\
slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aceast\uc1\u259X direc\uc1\u355Xie.}\par\par
d\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {M\uc1\u259Xsurile preven
tive au rolul de a mpiedica r\uc1\u259Xspndirea buruienilor, iar }\par\pard\li893\
ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cele curative de a distruge burui
enile deja existente n cultur\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs2
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {De-a lungul timpului, baza combaterii buruieni
lor au constituit-o }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {m\uc1\u259Xsurile preventive \uc1\u351Xi agrotehnice, iar n ultimele dece
nii s-a extins \uc1\u351Xi folosirea }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {erbicidelor.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Metodele agrotehnice au avut \uc1\u351Xi continu\uc1\u259X s\u
c1\u259X aib\uc1\u259X rolul primordial, dar }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0
\fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trebuie men\uc1\u355Xionat faptul c\uc1\u259X separ
area acestora este relativ\uc1\u259X, deoarece fiecare }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-4
80\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintre ele pot s\uc1\u259X aib\uc1\u259X
la un moment dat ambele roluri, ntr-o m\uc1\u259Xsur\uc1\u259X mai mare }\par\par
d\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sau mai mic\uc1\u259X, de
pinznd de momentul utiliz\uc1\u259Xrii.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28
\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {M\uc1\u259Xsuri preventive de combatere a buruienilor}\
b0 \par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {M\uc1\u259Xsu
rile preventive de combatere a buruienilor prezint\uc1\u259X o importan\uc1\u355
X\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deos
ebit\uc1\u259X, deoarece este mai u\uc1\u351Xor \uc1\u351Xi mai necesar de a le
preveni dect a le }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{strpi, dup\uc1\u259X ce s-au instalat.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Organizarea \uc1\u351Xi desf\uc1\u259X\uc1\u351Xurare
a unui sistem ra\uc1\u355Xional de prevenire a }\par\pard\li893\ri0\
sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mburuien\uc1\u259Xrii este posibil num
ai prin cunoa\uc1\u351Xterea particularit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xilor biologice }\pa
r\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ale buruienilor,
c\uc1\u259Xile de nmul\uc1\u355Xire \uc1\u351Xi r\uc1\u259Xspndire, nsu\
uc1\u351Xirile morfologice \uc1\u351Xi }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \
fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {biologice ale semin\uc1\u355Xelor, pentru a le putea
identifica n sursele de mburuie-}\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {nare, respectiv n gunoiul de grajd, n sol, ap\uc1\u259X etc, precum
\uc1\u351Xi de recunoa\uc1\u351Xtere a }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {plantelor n primele faze de vegeta\uc1\u355Xie,
deoarece sunt mult mai u\uc1\u351Xor de }\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\

rd\li5293\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4}\par\pard\sect\sectd\
sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn240\
pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-506\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {comb\u
c1\u259Xtut.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ca
metode preventive, n practic\uc1\u259X se utilizeaz\uc1\u259X: organizarea servic
iului }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de caranti
n\uc1\u259X, rota\uc1\u355Xia culturilor, fertilizarea \uc1\u351Xi administrarea
amendamentelor, }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{preg\uc1\u259Xtirea corespunz\uc1\u259Xtoare a gunoiului de grajd n vederea util
iz\uc1\u259Xrii, cur\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xirea }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0
\fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {materialului de sem\uc1\u259Xnat, cur\uc1\u259X\uc1
\u355Xirea apelor de irigat de semin\uc1\u355Xele de buruieni, }\par\pard\li893\
ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {evitarea r\uc1\u259Xspndirii semin
\uc1\u355Xelor etc.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Organizarea serviciului de carantin\uc1\u259X fitosanitar\uc1\u259X care s\u
c1\u259X reglementeze }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {importul \uc1\u351Xi exportul de semin\uc1\u355Xe, cu care o
cazie s-ar putea transporta \uc1\u351Xi }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmu
lt0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semin\uc1\u355Xele buruienilor de carantin
\uc1\u259X. Sunt considerate buruieni de carantin\uc1\u259X: }\par\par
d\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cuscuta sp., Orobanche sp
., Solanum rostratum, Acroptilor picris, Ambrosia }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\sl
mult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {elatior.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \
fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rota\uc1\u355Xia culturilor reprezint\uc1\u259X
veriga de baz\uc1\u259X a MIB, ca urmare a }\par\pard\li893\ri0\s
l-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {eficien\uc1\u355Xei combaterii \uc1\u3
51Xi a costurilor economice nensemnate. }\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs2
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Monocultura favorizeaz\uc1\u259X nmul\uc1\u355Xirea
bolilor \uc1\u351Xi d\uc1\u259Xun\uc1\u259Xtorilor, iar }\par\pard\li893\
ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {buruienile invadeaz\uc1\u259X cul
tura, uneori distrugnd-o, iar o rota\uc1\u355Xie bine stabilit\uc1\u259X }\par\pa
rd\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {limiteaz\uc1\u259X mult
activitatea acestora.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Fertilizarea culturilor conduce la cre\uc1\u351Xterea mai viguroas\uc1\u25
9X a plantelor }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c
are stnjenesc buruienile ce r\uc1\u259Xsar mai trziu. Metoda se asociaz\uc1\u259X
cu lucr\uc1\u259Xri ale }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {solului care distrug buruienile n primele faze de vegeta\uc1\u355Xie.}\pa
r\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Folosirea amendamen
telor. Pe solurile acide, ct \uc1\u351Xi cele alcaline apar }\par\pard\li893\ri0\
sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {buruieni specifice care prefer\uc1\u2
59X reac\uc1\u355Xiile respective. Aplicarea de amendamente }\par\pard\li893\ri0
\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {calcaroase pe solurile acide \uc1\u3
51Xi cu ghips sau fosfoghips pe solurile alcaline reduc }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {gradul de mburuienare.}\par\pard\li1746\r
i0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Distrugerea focarelor infestate
cu buruieni \uc1\u351Xi semin\uc1\u355Xe de buruieni}\b0 \par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl
-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Suprafe\uc1\u355Xele de teren nec
ultivate, marginile parcelelor, tarlalelor, }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\sl
mult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {perdelelor de protec\uc1\u355Xie, gre\uc1\u351
Xurile din culturi \uc1\u351Xi de la cap\uc1\u259Xtul culturilor, hotarele }\par
\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dintre propriet\uc1
\u259X\uc1\u355Xi (mejdine), taluzurile digurilor \uc1\u351Xi canalelo
r de irigare, }\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\ma
rglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn240\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl506\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {terenurile cu \uc1\u355Xarcuri de
oi \uc1\u351Xi alte animale constituie focare importante de }\pa
r\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {infestare cu buruien
i a terenurilor de cultur\uc1\u259X nvecinate.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult
0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {De\uc1\u351Xi necesit\uc1\u259X cheltuieli suplime
ntare, distrugerea buruienilor din aceste }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \f
s28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {zone este important\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi chiar obliga
torie n cadrul agriculturii \uc1\u8222Xecologice\uc1\u8221X.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0
\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Evitarea r\uc1\u259Xspndirii semin\uc
1\u355Xelor de buruieni prin intermediul animalelor.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-493
\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n primul rnd, ca m\uc1\u259Xsur\uc1\u259X pre
ventiv\uc1\u259X, se va evita p\uc1\u259Xscutul excesiv al }\par\pard\li893\ri0\
sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {paji\uc1\u351Xtilor, deoarece se cree
az\uc1\u259X condi\uc1\u355Xii de instalare a numeroase buruieni.}\par\pard\li17
46\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {De asemenea, animalele p
ot l\uc1\u259Xsa pe suprafe\uc1\u355Xele de p\uc1\u259X\uc1\u351Xunat,
prin }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {materiil
e fecale, cantit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi apreciabile de semin\uc1\u355Xe de buruien
i. Multe semin\uc1\u355Xe de }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {buruieni se pot r\uc1\u259Xspndi \uc1\u351Xi prin blana animalelor.}
\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Preg\uc1\u259X
tirea gunoiului de grajd n vederea folosirii pentru }\b0 \par\pard\
li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {fertilizarea organic\uc1\
u259X.}\b0 \par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Preg\
uc1\u259Xtirea gunoiului de grajd are o mare importan\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, deoar
ece con\uc1\u355Xine }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {cantit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi nsemnate de semin\uc1\u355Xe de buruieni, iar ac
estea nu-\uc1\u351Xi pierd, dect n }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {mic\uc1\u259X m\uc1\u259Xsur\uc1\u259X, germina\uc1\u355Xia atu
nci cnd trec prin tubul digestiv al animalelor.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmul
t0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ca m\uc1\u259Xsuri practice pentru reducerea num\
uc1\u259Xrului de semin\uc1\u355Xe de buruieni }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmul
t0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {din gunoiul de grajd se pot aminti:}\par\pard\li1
320\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \f
s24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preg\uc1\u259Xtirea prealabil\uc1\u259X a furaje
lor ce con\uc1\u355Xin semin\uc1\u355Xe de buruieni, prin }\par\pard
\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {op\uc1\u259Xrire, m\uc1\u
259Xcinare etc.;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs26\cf0\f1\chars
calex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {evitarea folosirii ca a\
uc1\u351Xternut a paielor cu un con\uc1\u355Xinut mare de semin\uc1\u355Xe de }\
par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {buruieni;}\par\pa
rd\li1320\ri0\sl-533\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs26\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\
tab \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preg\uc1\u259Xtirea prealabil\uc1\u259X a
gunoiului prin amenajarea de platforme \uc1\u351Xi }\par\pard\li1320\r
i0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {declan\uc1\u351Xarea fermenta\uc1
\u355Xiei anaerobe, care n condi\uc1\u355Xii de ndesare \uc1\u351Xi cu un }\par\pa
rd\li1320\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nivel mare de umiditate
realizeaz\uc1\u259X temperaturi de peste 60C, valori la care }\par\pard\li1320\r
i0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {germina\uc1\u355Xia semin\uc1\u3
55Xelor de buruieni este distrus\uc1\u259X; evitarea ad\uc1\u259Xug\
uc1\u259Xrii n }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{platformele de compostare a resturilor vegetale din zonele pute
rnic }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {infestate
cu buruieni;}\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {6}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn
666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn240\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
06\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {cosirea buruienilor din mprejurimea zonei de amenajare a platformei
de }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {compostare,
pentru ca acestea s\uc1\u259X nu ajung\uc1\u259X la formarea semin\uc1\u355Xelo
r \uc1\u351Xi s\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {infesteze platformele.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {ntr-o platform\uc1\u259X gunoiul trebuie men\uc1\u355Xinut mini
mum 3-4 luni pentru ca }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {semin\uc1\u355Xele s\uc1\u259X fe distruse n propor\uc1\u355Xie ct mai mare.
}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Condi\uc1\u35
5Xionarea loturilor de semin\uc1\u355Xe}\b0 \par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0
\fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Speciile legumicole ale c\uc1\u259Xror semin\uc1\u35
5Xe se extrag din fructe uscate, n }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {urma recolt\uc1\u259Xrii \uc1\u351Xi batoz\uc1\u259Xrii, con
\uc1\u355Xin ntr-o propor\uc1\u355Xie mai mare sau mai mic\uc1\u259X }\par\p
ard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semin\uc1\u355Xe de
buruieni, n func\uc1\u355Xie de modul de ntre\uc1\u355Xinere curat\
uc1\u259X a culturilor }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {semincere, de gradul de dezvoltare a acestora, de gradul de maturare
a se-}\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {min\uc1\u35
5Xelor de buruieni etc. Folosite ca atare pentru nfiin\uc1\u355Xa
rea culturilor, }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{contribuie la mburuienarea solului \uc1\u351Xi a culturilor.}\par\pard\li1746\r
i0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Acest aspect poate fi nl\uc1\u259Xt
urat prin cur\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xirea semin\uc1\u355Xelor, folosindu-se }\par\pa
rd\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mijloace specifice: vntur
\uc1\u259Xtoare, trioare, selectoare, n func\uc1\u355Xie de propriet\uc1\u259X\uc
1\u355Xile }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semin
\uc1\u355Xelor plantelor de cultur\uc1\u259X, ct \uc1\u351Xi ale semin\uc1\u355Xe
lor de buruieni. Semin\uc1\u355Xele }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {plantelor legumicole trebuie s\uc1\u259X corespund\u
c1\u259X standardelor n vigoare privind }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmul
t0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {puritatea fizic\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\s
l-480\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sem\uc1\u259Xnatul la epoca opti
m\uc1\u259X asigur\uc1\u259X o ncol\uc1\u355Xire rapid\uc1\u259X a se
min\uc1\u355Xelor }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{plantelor de cultur\uc1\u259X, iar efectuarea acestei lucr\uc1\u25
9Xri imediat dup\uc1\u259X pregfttirea }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0
\fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {patului germinativ favorizeaz\uc1\u259X germinarea
semin\uc1\u355Xelor \uc1\u351Xi cre\uc1\u351Xterea plantelor de }\par\pard\li893
\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cultur\uc1\u259X, care mpiedi
c\uc1\u259X mburuienarea. ntrzierea sem\uc1\u259Xnatului n raport de }\p
ar\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {momentul preg\uc1\u
259Xtirii terenului duce la o mburuienare mai puternic\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li174
6\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O repartizare mai uniform\uc1\u
259X a semin\uc1\u355Xelor la unitatea de suprafa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, n }\par\pa
rd\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {func\uc1\u355Xie de spec
ia cultivat\uc1\u259X, asigur\uc1\u259X o mai bun\uc1\u259X acoperire a terenulu
i de c\uc1\u259Xtre }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {plante \uc1\u351Xi n\uc1\u259Xbu\uc1\u351Xirea buruienilor.}\par\pard\li1746\
ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Cur\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xirea ape
lor de irigare de semin\uc1\u355Xele de buruieni.}\b0 \par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-48
0\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Apa pentru irigat, provenit\uc1\u259X din
acumul\uc1\u259Xrile de scurgere de pe suprafa\uc1\u355Xa }\par\pard\li5293\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7}\par\pard\sect\

sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbs
xn240\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-506\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
solului, con\uc1\u355Xine un num\uc1\u259Xr mare de semin\uc1\u355Xe de buruieni
, pe care le antreneaz\uc1\u259X n }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {drumul s\uc1\u259Xu \uc1\u351Xi constituie o surs\uc1\u259X de
mburuienare. Tot n apa de irigat semin\uc1\u355Xele }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\s
lmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ajung \uc1\u351Xi datorit\uc1\u259X vnturilor
puternice ce le antreneaz\uc1\u259X spre luciul apei.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-48
0\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cur\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xirea apei pentru ir
igat se poate face prin: folosirea de instala\uc1\u355Xii de }\par\pard\li893\ri
0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {decantare a apei; a\uc1\u351Xezarea
de traverse sau vane pe cursul canalelor unde apa }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {circul\uc1\u259X mai lini\uc1\u351Xtit,
iar semin\uc1\u355Xele de buruieni sunt dirijate spre canalele
de }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {evacuare; a\u
c1\u351Xezarea de site pe canalele principale \uc1\u351Xi de distribu\uc1\u355Xi
e etc.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Recolta
rea la timp a culturilor}\b0 \par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Dac\uc1\u259X culturile legumicole nu se recolteaz\uc1\u2
59X la timp se creeaz\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs2
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {posibilitatea ca la un num\uc1\u259Xr mare de buruieni s
emin\uc1\u355Xele s\uc1\u259X ajung\uc1\u259X la maturitate }\par\pard\li893\ri0
\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fiziologic\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi s\u
c1\u259X se scuture pe sol, m\uc1\u259Xrind rezerva. Vetrele de buruieni perene
}\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(p\uc1\u259Xl\uc
1\u259Xmida, susaiul etc.) trebuie recoltate separat \uc1\u351Xi nainte ca aceste
a s\uc1\u259X ajung\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {la maturitate fiziologic\uc1\u259X, mpiedicnd astfel r\uc1
\u259Xspndirea semin\uc1\u355Xelor acestor }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult
0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {buruieni periculoase.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\
slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Resturile vegetale nu trebuie l\uc1\u259Xsat
e o perioad\uc1\u259X prea ndelungat\uc1\u259X de timp }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-48
0\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pe teren, ntruct sporesc rezerva de semin\uc
1\u355Xe din sol.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Cur\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xirea de buruieni a combinelor \uc1\u351Xi instala\uc1\u
355Xiilor de recoltat \uc1\u351Xi batozat, }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \
fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X efectuarea acestor lucr\uc1\u259X
ri este de mare importan\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, prentmpinnd }\par\pard\li89
3\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {transmiterea acestora.}\par\par
d\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {M\uc1\u259Xsuri curati
ve de combatere a buruienilor}\b0 \par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Se refer\uc1\u259X la combaterea efectiv\uc1\u259X a buruienil
or n diferitele lor faze de }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {vegeta\uc1\u355Xie \uc1\u351Xi grupeaz\uc1\u259X metodele: agrotehnic
e, fizice, biologice \uc1\u351Xi chimice.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \f
s28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Metode agrotehnice}\b0 \par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\s
lmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sunt cele mai vechi \uc1\u351Xi continu\uc1\u
259X s\uc1\u259X aib\uc1\u259X un rol prioritar, ac\uc1\u355Xionnd direct }\par\p
ard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asupra buruienilor
\uc1\u351Xi organelor lor de nmul\uc1\u355Xire (semin\uc1\u355Xe, r\u
c1\u259Xd\uc1\u259Xcini, p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xi }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\s
lmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vegetative), prezentnd att avantaje ct \uc1\u351
Xi dezavantaje.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Avantaje:}\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li529
3\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {8}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666
\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn240\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
s18\cf0\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-546\
slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs28\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {sunt comb\uc1\u259Xtute toate speciile de buruieni (monoc
otiledonate sau }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {dicotiledonate anuale, bienale \uc1\u351Xi perene);}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-5
harscalex100 {contribuie la preg\uc1\u259Xtirea patului germinativ pen
tru sem\uc1\u259Xnat \uc1\u351Xi plantat, }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-466\slm
ult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trasarea de brazde pentru irigat, com
baterea bolilor \uc1\u351Xi d\uc1\u259Xun\uc1\u259Xtorilor; se }\par\par
d\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {asigur\uc1\u259X o a
cumulare mai mare de ap\uc1\u259X n sol \uc1\u351Xi o mai bun
\uc1\u259X aerisire a }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {acestuia;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs26\cf0\f1\c
harscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sunt nepoluante \uc1
\u351Xi p\uc1\u259Xstreaz\uc1\u259X un echilibru al ecosistemului agricol; nu }\
par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {las\uc1\u259X rez
iduuri n sol sau plant\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Dezavantaje:}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs22
\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unele luc
r\uc1\u259Xri ale solului aplicate nera\uc1\u355Xional \uc1\u351Xi p
rea des favorizeaz\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {intensificarea proceselor chimice \uc1\u351Xi microbio
logice de descompunere a }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {materiei organice din sol, ducnd la reducerea con\u
c1\u355Xinutului de humus, }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {deteriorarea structurii \uc1\u351Xi tasarea solului;}\par\pard\l
i1320\ri0\sl-533\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs26\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab
\fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sunt costisitoare energetic \uc1\u351Xi financiar \u
c1\u351Xi solicit\uc1\u259X mult\uc1\u259X for\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X de munc\uc1\u
259X }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {manual\uc1
\u259X (pr\uc1\u259X\uc1\u351Xit manual, plivit);}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-520\sl
alex100 {uneori nu se pot aplica la timp din lipsa for\uc1\u355Xei de munc\uc1\u
259X sau a condi\uc1\u355Xiilor }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {nefavorabile.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Lucr\uc1\u259Xrile solului se execut\uc1\u259X cu plugu
l, grapa, freza, combinatorul, }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {cultivatorul, cizelul \uc1\u351Xi contribuie la distrugerea
buruienilor n curs de r\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xrire, }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\sl
mult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n vegeta\uc1\u355Xie \uc1\u351Xi ntr-o oarecare
m\uc1\u259Xsur\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi a organelor vegetative de nmul\uc1\u355Xire
a }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestora, prin
: ar\uc1\u259Xtur\uc1\u259X, preg\uc1\u259Xtirea patului germinativ \uc1\u351Xi
lucr\uc1\u259Xri de ntre\uc1\u355Xinere.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs2
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Prin ar\uc1\u259Xtur\uc1\u259X sunt t\uc1\u259Xiate, ncor
porate n sol \uc1\u351Xi distruse buruienile anuale }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\s
lmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u351Xi bienale n vegeta\uc1\u355Xie \uc1\
u351Xi numai par\uc1\u355Xial cele perene. Acestea din urm\uc1\u259X se pot }\pa
r\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {regenera dup\uc1\u25
9X un timp, formnd noi plante. Organele vegetative ale buruienilor }\par\pard\li8
93\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sunt aduse la suprafa\uc1\u355
X\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi distruse prin uscare (vara), nghe\uc1\u355Xare (iarna).}\
par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Prin lucr\uc1\u
259Xrile superficiale (gr\uc1\u259Xpatul) sunt distruse buruienile a
bia }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xs
\uc1\u259Xrite, datorit\uc1\u259X t\uc1\u259Xierii r\uc1\u259Xd\uc1\u259Xcinilor
. Cu ct faza de vegeta\uc1\u355Xie este mai pu\uc1\u355Xin }\par\pard\li5293\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\

li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li5293\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {9}\par\pard\sect
\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margb
sxn240\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-506\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{avansat\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi solul mai uscat efectul de distrugere este mai ma
re. n solurile }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {um
ede \uc1\u351Xi imediat dup\uc1\u259X ploi, r\uc1\u259Xd\uc1\u259Xcini
le buruienilor scoase la suprafa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi }\par
\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fragmentele de tulpin
\uc1\u259X ce emit r\uc1\u259Xd\uc1\u259Xcini adventive se refac repede, ncepnd s\
uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vegete
ze. n acest caz lucr\uc1\u259Xrile trebuie repetate.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\
slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru o bun\uc1\u259X combatere a
buruienilor se recomand\uc1\u259X \uc1\u8222Xmetoda }\par\pard\li893\ri0\
sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {provoca\uc1\u355Xiei\uc1\u8221X \uc1\
u351Xi \uc1\u8222Xmetoda epuiz\uc1\u259Xrii\uc1\u8221X.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Metoda provoca\uc1\u355Xiei const\uc
1\u259X n efectuarea de lucr\uc1\u259Xri superficiale de }\par\pard\l
i893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cteva ori (2-3), care favoriz
eaz\uc1\u259X germina\uc1\u355Xia semin\uc1\u355Xelor de buruieni, iar cnd }\par\
pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acestea au r\uc1\u259X
s\uc1\u259Xrit, tot prin lucr\uc1\u259Xri superficiale, sunt distruse, favorizndu
-se n }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {acela\uc1\u
351Xi timp apari\uc1\u355Xia altor buruieni care vor fi distruse
ulterior. Se aplic\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs24\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {solurilor pe care culturile se nfiin\uc1\u355Xeaz\u
c1\u259X prim\uc1\u259Xvara trziu (aprilie-mai), iar }\par\pard\li893\ri0
\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {terenul nu a fost ocupat cu o cultur
\uc1\u259X anterioar\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {Metoda epuiz\uc1\u259Xrii se utilizeaz\uc1\u259X n special pentru
distrugerea buruienilor }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {perene, ce se nmul\uc1\u355Xesc prin rizomi sau drajoni \uc1\u351Xi cons
t\uc1\u259X n lucrarea superficial\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0
\fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u351Xi repetat\uc1\u259X a solului din dou\uc1\
u259X n dou\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259Xpt\uc1\u259Xmni, pentru a t\uc1\u259Xia l\uc1\u25
9Xstarii ap\uc1\u259Xru\uc1\u355Xi la }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suprafa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X, de fiecare dat\uc1\u259X.}\pa
r\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T\uc1\u259Xierea
repetat\uc1\u259X a l\uc1\u259Xstarilor dup\uc1\u259X formarea lor d
uce la epuizarea }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {organelor de nmul\uc1\u355Xire (stoloni, drajoni) prin consumul rezervei de
hran\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Se utilizeaz\uc1\u259X n cadrul culturilor legumicole pr\uc1\u259Xsit
oare, care se }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{nfiin\uc1\u355Xeaz\uc1\u259X mai trziu prim\uc1\u259Xvara. Metoda este mai costi
sitoare \uc1\u351Xi d\uc1\u259X rezultate }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \f
s28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bune dac\uc1\u259X se asociaz\uc1\u259X cu erbicidarea
.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {O variant\uc
1\u259X mai practic\uc1\u259X a acestei metode const\uc1\u259X n
fragmentarea }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {org
anelor vegetative ale buruienilor (rizomi, drajoni) prin lucr\uc1\u259Xri superf
iciale, }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {iar cnd
l\uc1\u259Xstarii au 10-12 cm n\uc1\u259Xl\uc1\u355Xime se execut\
uc1\u259X ar\uc1\u259Xtura adnc\uc1\u259X care }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\
slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ncorporeaz\uc1\u259X att organele vegetative ct
\uc1\u351Xi pe cele de nmul\uc1\u355Xire, ducnd la }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\sl
mult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {epuizarea acestora din urm\uc1\u259X, iar l\uc
1\u259Xstarii nu mai au posibilitatea de a ie\uc1\u351Xi la }\par\pard\li893\ri0

\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {suprafa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X. Metoda
se aplic\uc1\u259X la culturile ce elibereaz\uc1\u259X terenul spre var\uc1\u259
X (cartof }\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li52
40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {10}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn6
66\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn240\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-506\slm
ult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {timpuriu, fasole, maz\uc1\u259Xre, varz\u
c1\u259X timpurie), iar terenul r\uc1\u259Xmne necultivat un }\par\pa
rd\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interval mai mare de tim
p.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pr\uc1\u259X\
uc1\u351Xitul este lucrarea prin care se distrug buruienile din
culturi, n }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ve
geta\uc1\u355Xie \uc1\u351Xi se execut\uc1\u259X mecanizat cu freza sau cultivat
orul \uc1\u351Xi manual cu sapa }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {sau unelte Wolf sau Gradena, ntr-un num\uc1\u259Xr v
ariabil, n func\uc1\u355Xie de specie, }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0
\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {durata de vegeta\uc1\u355Xie, gradul de mburuienare,
condi\uc1\u355Xiile de vegeta\uc1\u355Xie etc.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmul
t0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Plivitul buruienilor este lucrarea manual\uc1\u25
9X prin care acestea se smulg din }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {culturi. Lucrarea se aplic\uc1\u259X adesea n cadrul culturilor
legumicole, mai ales n }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {sistemul gospod\uc1\u259Xresc. Prin plivit se distrug n spec
ial buruienile anuale \uc1\u351Xi }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bienale. Cele perene se smulg mai greu, de
oarece o parte a organelor lor }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs
28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {vegetative r\uc1\u259Xmn \uc1\u351Xi sol din care se vor
forma noi l\uc1\u259Xstari.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Lucrarea se efectueaz\uc1\u259X de 2-3 ori, iar n legumicultura ecol
ogic\uc1\u259X de cte }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {ori este nevoie.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Plivitul se execut\uc1\u259X cel mai trziu nainte de nflorirea buruienilor, i
ar }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru deta\u
c1\u351Xarea mai u\uc1\u351Xoar\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi mai eficient\uc1\u259X a r
\uc1\u259Xd\uc1\u259Xcinilor se folose\uc1\u351Xte \uc1\u8222Xoticul\uc1\u8221X.
}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mulcirea este o
pera\uc1\u355Xia de distrugere a buruienilor, prin n\uc1\u259Xbu\uc1\u351Xirea lo
r, }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {folosindu-se
materiale organice \uc1\u351Xi plastice. Mulciul de culoare nchis
\uc1\u259X m-}\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pi
edic\uc1\u259X p\uc1\u259Xtrunderea luminii la buruieni \uc1\u351Xi
le for\uc1\u355Xeaz\uc1\u259X alungirea, respectiv }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl
-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etiolarea \uc1\u351Xi epuizarea.}\par\p
ard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Metode fizice de com
batere a buruienilor}\b0 \par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Arderea cu flac\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u259X este o metod\uc1\u259X de distruge
re a buruienilor din culturi }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {legumicole, folosindu-se flac\uc1\u259Xra ob\uc1\u355Xinut\uc1\u259
X cu ajutorul unui agregat format dintr-}\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs2
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un rezervor de combustibil, fiu tunuri \uc1\
u351Xi arz\uc1\u259Xtoare a\uc1\u351Xezate pe un tractor. }\par\pard\l
i893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Arz\uc1\u259Xtoarele sunt
n a\uc1\u351Xa fel adaptate nct s\uc1\u259X nu ating\uc1\u259X fr
unzele plantelor }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {cultivate, iar flac\uc1\u259Xra produce \uc1\u8222Xp\uc1\u259Xlirea\uc1\u8221
X buruienilor, moartea lor survenind n }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cteva zile. Metoda nu are extindere prea mare deoarece este
consumatoare de }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{combustibil.}\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5240\ri0\
f0\charscalex100 {11}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\margls
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t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl
-506\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n unele situa\uc1\u355Xii se recurge la
arderea resturilor vegetale distribuite pe }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \
fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntreaga suprafa\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259X (miri\uc1\u351
Xte) sau adunate n gr\uc1\u259Xmezi (resturi vegetale legu-}\par\pa
rd\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {micole), pentru a u\uc1\
u351Xura ar\uc1\u259Xtura. Lucrarea prezint\uc1\u259X multe inconveniente:}\par\
pard\li1320\ri0\sl-533\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs28\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X
}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {apare riscul incendiilor de propor\uc1\u355Xii
;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs28\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\
u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {elimin\uc1\u259X materia organic\uc1\u2
59X necesar\uc1\u259X refacerii humusului;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \
*\tx1613\fs28\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{distruge microorganismele pe adncime de 10-12 cm;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-520\s
lmult0 \*\tx1613\fs28\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {stric\uc1\u259X echilibrul ecosistemului.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\
slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sterilizarea solului (dezinfec\uc1\u355Xia)
- metod\uc1\u259X practicat\uc1\u259X n legumicultura \uc1\u351Xi }\par\pard\li89
3\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mai ales n sere, solarii \uc1\u
351Xi r\uc1\u259Xsadni\uc1\u355Xe, att pentru amestecurile de p\uc1\u259Xmnturi
}\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {folosite la prod
ucerea r\uc1\u259Xsadurilor, ct \uc1\u351Xi a solurilor n sere, dar \uc1\u351Xi n c
elelalte }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spa\uc1
\u355Xii, n func\uc1\u355Xie de posibilit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xi, cu sc
opul distrugerii agen\uc1\u355Xilor patogeni, a }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d\uc1\u259Xun\uc1\u259Xtorilor precum \u
c1\u351Xi a semin\uc1\u355Xelor de buruieni.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0
\fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru dezinfec\uc1\u355Xie (sterilizare) se folose
sc aburi supranc\uc1\u259Xlzi\uc1\u355Xi, care se }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slm
ult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {introduc n sol sau n platformele de amestecuri du
p\uc1\u259X tehnologia cunoscut\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \
fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Metode biologice de combatere a buruienilor}\b0 \pa
r\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n ultimul timp o ate
n\uc1\u355Xie deosebit\uc1\u259X se acord\uc1\u259X combaterii biologice a }\par
\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {buruienilor, care
se bazeaz\uc1\u259X pe folosirea unor virusuri, bacterii, ciuperc
ii }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {insecte ce pa
raziteaz\uc1\u259X anumite buruieni.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Metoda este unanim acceptat\uc1\u259X pentru protec\uc1\u35
5Xia biologic\uc1\u259X a plantelor \uc1\u351Xi }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmu
lt0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reprezint\uc1\u259X o component\uc1\u259X
esen\uc1\u355Xial\uc1\u259X n combaterea integrat\uc1\u259X a buruienil
or. }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Aceast\uc1\u
259X metod\uc1\u259X prezint\uc1\u259X avantajul c\uc1\u259X este continu\uc1\u2
59X, nepoluant\uc1\u259X, economic\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl
-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p\uc1\u259Xstreaz\uc1\u259X diversitate
a n ecosistemele agricole. Singurul risc existent este ca }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl
-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {du\uc1\u351Xmanul natural al buruienilo
r s\uc1\u259X se adapteze \uc1\u351Xi la plantele de cultur\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard
\li1746\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Combaterea biologic\uc1\u
259X a buruienilor a luat o mare amploare pe plan }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\sl
mult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mondial \uc1\u351Xi, pn\uc1\u259X n prezent, s-a
u ob\uc1\u355Xinut rezultate remarcabile.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \f

s28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Combaterea biologic\uc1\u259X a buruienilor s-a dovedi
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rd\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-506\slmult0 \fs28\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Infestarea cu Opuntia sp. n Australia a fost
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s26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sfredelitoare Cactoblactus cactorum adus\uc1\u259X din
Argentina, zambila acvatic\uc1\u259X care }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \
fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mpiedica activit\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xile n zonele specif
ice de infestare a fost nvins\uc1\u259X folosindu-se }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\
slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {agen\uc1\u355Xi patogeni din genul Cercospor
a. De asemenea, s-au ob\uc1\u355Xinut rezultate bune }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480
\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n combaterea p\uc1\u259Xl\uc1\u259Xmidei
cu ajutorul coleopterului Altica carducyum care }\par\pard\li893\ri
0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {consum\uc1\u259X frunzele acestei b
uruieni.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ca ag
en\uc1\u355Xi naturali pentru combaterea buruienilor se folosesc di
ver\uc1\u351Xi }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
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insectele (tabelul }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscal
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mai repede \uc1\u351Xi au un efect }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs2
8\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {distrug\uc1\u259Xtor mai energic.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\s
l-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tabelul 4.6.3.1}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\s
l-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Specii de agen\uc1\u355Xi patogeni spe
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1266\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Agentul patogen}\par\pard\li
charscalex100 {Albuge bliti Biv. Bern}\par\pard\li1000\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
l-453\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Albuge candida Pers.}\par\pard\li1373\
rd\li1373\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1373\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs28\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alternaria spp.}\par\pard\li1000\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alternaria tenuissima }\par\pard\li1506\ri0\sl-480\slmult0
\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Fr.) Woltah}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \f
s28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bremya sonchis C. }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-480\slmult0
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par\pard\li1160\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cercosporella spp
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t0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Colletotrichum }\par\pard\li1653\ri0\sl-480\slmul
t0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {coccoides}\par\column\pard\li786\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li786\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li786\ri0\sl-2
0 {Buruiana}\par\pard\li613\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Amara
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lmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L. Raphanus }\par\pard\li400\ri0\sl-480\slmul
t0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {raphanistrum L. }\par\pard\li293\ri0\sl-480\slmul
t0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sinapis arvenis L.}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-333\slmu
lt0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cardus pycnocephalus}\par\pard\li293\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li293\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Euphorbia spp. L.}\par\pard\li173\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li173\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li173\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Sonchus arvensis L.}\par\pard\li120\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li120\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Eupatorium riparium }\pa
s28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W.}\par\pard\li146\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Abutiln theophrasti }\par\pard\li933\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Medik}\par\column\pard\li613\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
d\li613\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li613\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li613\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Autorul}\par\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Bontea Vera, 1985}\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {BonteaVera,
1985}\par\pard\li506\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li506\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li506\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li506\ri0\sl
-413\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Anderson}\par\pard\li360\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li360\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Lit
tlefielddd}\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B
onteaVera, 1985}\par\pard\li680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li680\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li680\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Trajila}\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li666\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Poirier}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\m
argrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw6666\colsr-0\colno2\colw4426\pard\li1026\ri0\sl-333\
slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Erysphe conivolvulii Convolvulus arvensis }
86\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {13}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult
0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {BonteaVera, 1985}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgws
xn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
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3\margtsxn666\margbsxn240\cols3\colno1\colw3666\colsr-0\colno2\colw2960\colsr-0\
colno3\colw4466\pard\li1426\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1426\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1426\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li14
charscalex100 {D.GSt.Amans}\par\pard\li1213\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Erysphe polygoni }\par\pard\li1400\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {D.C.St.Amans}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li1013\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Helmintosporium sp.}\par\
pard\li1213\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1213\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs2
8\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Helmintosporium }\par\pard\li1386\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs
28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {turcicum Pass.}\par\pard\li1120\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li1120\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Peronospora
media }\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Casp.gau
m}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-360\slmul
t0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Peronospora minor }\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-480\sl
mult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Casp.gaum}\par\pard\li960\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \
fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Peronospora polygoni }\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-480\slm
ult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D.C.}\par\pard\li1080\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Puccinia chodrillina }\par\pard\li1546\ri0\sl-480\slmult0
\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rub et Syd.}\par\pard\li1226\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs2
8\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Puccinia expansa}\par\column\pard\li1120\ri0\sl-213\slmu
1120\ri0\sl-506\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L.}\par\pard\li573\ri0\sl-21
{Rumex spp.}\par\pard\li146\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li146\ri0\sl346\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sorghum halepense }\par\pard\li733\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {(L.) Pens}\par\pard\li120\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E
chichloa crus-galli }\par\pard\li960\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Pass.}\par\pard\li66\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Chenopod
ium album }\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L. Stell
arla media (L.) }\par\pard\li986\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Will}\par\pard\li160\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li160\ri0\sl-293\slmu
lt0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Atrplex patulum L.}\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Poly

gonum aviculare }\par\pard\li1120\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{L.}\par\pard\li93\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li93\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Chondrilla jncea L.}\par\pard\li120\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li120\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Senec
io jacobaea L.}\par\column\pard\li40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li40\
ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {BonteaVera, 198
5}\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li666\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Walkil}
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bontea Vera, 19
85}\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li40\ri0\sl-480\sl
mult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {BonteaVera, 1985}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bo
ntea Vera, 1985}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
{Bontea Vera, 1985}\par\pard\li293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li293\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li293\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Hassan, 1976}\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li7
33\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Alber}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbk
none\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw6506\colsr
-0\colno2\colw4586\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx3760\fs28\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Puccinia jaceae Otth.}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Centaurea diffusa
L.}\par\pard\li1026\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx3733\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pucc
inia. suaveoleus }\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Euphorbia cyparisias }\par\pa
rd\li1933\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \*\tx4786\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pers.}\tab \fs
28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L.}\par\pard\li1026\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx3920\fs28\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Uromyces euphorbie }\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rumex
crispus L, }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \*\tx3653\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {Pers.}\tab \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ranunculus ficai o L.}\par\pard\li117
3\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Uromyces rumicis }\par\pard\li3
906\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Euphorbia spp. L.}\par\pard\l
i1413\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(Schum) Wint}\par\pard\li11
73\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Uromyces strltus }\par\pard\li1
826\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Schzt}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tabelul 4.6X2}\par\column\pard\li573\ri0
\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Mortensen}\par\pard\li160\ri0\sl-213
{BonteaVera, 1985}\par\pard\li160\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li160\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li160\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {BonteaVera, 1985}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Schubiger Schubiger}\par\pard\li613\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Llttleflcld}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsx
n16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Specii de insecte fitofage pe unele buruieni-problem\uc1\u259X}\par\pa
rd\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols3\coln
o1\colw3906\colsr-0\colno2\colw2973\colsr-0\colno3\colw4213\pard\li1400\ri0\sl-2
harscalex100 {Specie fitfaga}\par\pard\li1400\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Acanthophylus }\par\pard\li1346\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {helianthis Rossi}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Familia \uc1\u351X

i Ordinul}\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-293\s
lmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tephritidae-Dipt.}\par\pard\li1333\ri0\sl-213
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {14}\par\column\pard\li120\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li120\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li120\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li120\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Planta gazd}\p
ar\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs28\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Centaurea spp.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pgh
sxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
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3\margtsxn666\margbsxn240\cols3\colno1\colw3800\colsr-0\colno2\colw2693\colsr-0\
colno3\colw4600\pard\li1213\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1213\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1213\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li12
13\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1213\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li1213\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1213\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs
28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Chaetorelia jaceae }\par\pard\li1920\ri0\sl-493\slmult0
\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Desv.}\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Eucosma incana Zell.}\par\pard\li1306\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1306\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1306\ri0
\sl-386\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Eusina sonchi L.}\par\pard\li1080\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1080\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Gastrophysa viridula }\par\pard\li2120\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0

\charscalex100 {L.}\par\pard\li1000\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Gymnetfbn anthyrhini }\par\pard\li1933\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Payk.}\par\pard\li1240\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S
ymnetron netum }\par\pard\li1893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Germ.}\par\pard\li973\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Heliophobus
reticulata }\par\pard\li1880\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Goe
ze}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-360\slmu
lt0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Larinus carlinae Oliv.}\par\pard\li1280\ri0\sl-2
0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Larinus jaceae F.}\par\pard\li9
46\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li946\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li946\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Larinus sturnus Scholh
}\par\pard\li1226\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1226\ri0\sl-360\slmult
0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Larinus turbinatus }\par\pard\li1960\ri0\sl-480\sl
mult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Gyll.}\par\pard\li1680\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs2
8\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Metzneria }\par\pard\li1346\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {neuropterella L.}\par\pard\li1080\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li1080\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Miopites blotei
Brad}\par\pard\li1080\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1080\ri0\sl-360\s
lmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Orelia distans Loew.}\par\pard\li1106\ri0\sl333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Chynocillus conicus }\par\pard\li1986\ri
0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fall.}\par\column\pard\li200\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li200\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li20
0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li200\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li200\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li200\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\c
f0\par\pard\li200\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tephritidae-Dip
t }\par\pard\li200\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tephritidae-Di
pt}\par\pard\li173\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li173\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li173\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tortri
cidae-\\j&p.}\par\pard\li186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li186\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li186\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {Tortricidae-Dipt.}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Chrysomelidae-Co\\.}\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li53\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Curculionidae-Col.}\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li53\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Curculionidae-Co\\. }
\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Curculionidae-Col.
}\par\pard\li266\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li266\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Noctuidae-Lep.}\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Curculionida
e-Col. }\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-333\slm
ult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Curculion idae-Co\\.}\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Curculionidae-Col. }\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-21
{Curculionidae-Co\\.}\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Curculionidae-Col. }\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li53
\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Curculionidae-Co\\.}\par\pard\li
53\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Curculionidae-Col.}\par\pard\li186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li186\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tortricidae-Dipt. }\p
ar\pard\li186\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tortricidae-Dipt.}\
par\pard\li160\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tephritidae-Dipt.
}\par\pard\li160\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li160\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tephritidae-Dipt.}\par\pard\li200\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tephritidae-Dipt}\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Curculion
idae-Col.}\par\column\pard\li386\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li386\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li386\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i386\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li386\ri0\sl-506\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0

\charscalex100 {Centaurea spp.}\par\pard\li573\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Chaetorelia}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {loricata}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C
irsium spp. Carduus }\par\pard\li986\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li986
\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spp.}\par\pard\li240\ri0\sl-266\
slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sonchus arvensis }\par\pard\li346\ri0\sl-213
{Leontodn spp.}\par\pard\li546\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li546\ri0\sl
-360\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rumex spp.}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl386\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Linaria vulgaris Mill.}\par\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Cirsium spp. Arctium }\par\pard\li986\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {spp.}\par\pard\li600\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li600\ri0\
sl-360\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Silene alba}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ci
rsium spp. Arctium }\par\pard\li986\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {spp.}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cirsium spp
. Arctium }\par\pard\li986\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spp.}\
par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cirsium spp. Arctium
}\par\pard\li986\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spp.}\par\pard\
li493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li493\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Cirsium spp,}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li26\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carduusspp. Cirsium }\par
\pard\li986\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {spp.}\par\pard\li93\r
i0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Carduus spp. Orelia }\par\pard\li5
33\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {colon Mcig.}\par\pard\li386\ri
0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Centaurea spp.}\par\pard\li480\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li480\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Carduus spp.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsx
n666\margrsxn133\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {S-au dovedit eficiente insectele din familiile: Himenoptera, Lepidoptera }
00 {15}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\marg
tsxn666\margbsxn240\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li8
harscalex100 {Hemiptera, Coleptera, Dptera etc. Cele mai specializate
insecte sunt }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{sfredelitoarele de r\uc1\u259Xd\uc1\u259Xcini \uc1\u351Xi tulpini, pr
ecum \uc1\u351Xi cele care atac\uc1\u259X interiorul }\par\pard\li893\
ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {semin\uc1\u355Xelor, dar cele
mai eficiente sunt insectele care consum\uc1\u259X frunzele \uc
1\u351Xi }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tulpini
le deoarece sunt mai selective. Selectivitatea este una din principalele }\par\p
ard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condi\uc1\u355Xii pen
tru acceptarea introducerii unui du\uc1\u351Xman natural, nl\uc1\u259
Xturnd }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pericolul
ca pr\uc1\u259Xd\uc1\u259Xtorul respectiv s\uc1\u259X treac\uc1\u259X la plantel
e utile sau cele de cultur\uc1\u259X. }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Este necesar\uc1\u259X testarea prealabil\uc1\u259X.}\par\
pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Agen\uc1\u355Xii pato
geni - virusuri, ciuperci, bacterii pot fi folosi\uc1\u355Xi cu succes }\par\par
d\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deoarece se r\uc1\u259Xspn
desc u\uc1\u351Xor (prin vnt, insecte, ap\uc1\u259X etc.), distrugnd sistemul }\pa
r\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {enzimatic, astupnd

vasele conduc\uc1\u259Xtoare, producnd toxine \uc1\u351Xi dagrndnd }\p
ar\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {procesele metabol
ice ale buruienilor. Pentru utilizarea lor este necesar\uc1\u259X
o }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {selectivitat
e deplin\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {n ultimul timp s-au ob\uc1\u355Xinut \uc1\u351Xi \uc1\u8222Xbioer
bicide\uc1\u8221X, care con\uc1\u355Xin spori de }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl
-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ciuperci ce paraziteaz\uc1\u259X
\uc1\u351Xi distrug unele buruieni, dar metoda este pu\uc1\u355Xin
}\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r\uc1\u259Xspndi
t\uc1\u259X n practic\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0
\charscalex100\b {Metode chimice de combatere a buruienilor (erbicidarea)}\b0 \p
ar\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n culturile legumic
ole care solicit\uc1\u259X cel mai mult for\uc1\u355Xa de munc\uc1\u259X ma-}\pa
r\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nual\uc1\u259X n vede
rea efectu\uc1\u259Xrii lucr\uc1\u259Xrilor de ntre\uc1\u355Xinere, ponderea este
de\uc1\u355Xinut\uc1\u259X de }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {lucr\uc1\u259Xrile aplicate n vederea distrugerii buruienilor. Red
ucerea ns\uc1\u259X a for\uc1\u355Xei de }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs2
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {munc\uc1\u259X manual\uc1\u259X din agricultur\uc1
\u259X, intensivizarea culturilor, desimile mari la }\par\pard\li893\r
i0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unitatea de suprafa\uc1\u355X\uc1\
u259X, suprapunerea n aceea\uc1\u351Xi perioad\uc1\u259X de timp a mai multor }\p
ar\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lucr\uc1\u259Xri, a
pari\uc1\u355Xia e\uc1\u351Xalonat\uc1\u259X a buruienilor \uc1\u351Xi ritmul lo
r accentuat de cre\uc1\u351Xtere fac }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {practic aproape imposibil\uc1\u259X executarea la timp a lu
cr\uc1\u259Xrilor mecanice \uc1\u351Xi manuale }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmul
t0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pentru distrugerea lor. De aceea se folose\uc1\u3
51Xte, din ce n ce mai mult, metoda }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {chimic\uc1\u259X de combatere, erbicidarea sau plivitul chimi
c.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Folosirea erb
icidelor reprezint\uc1\u259X una din cele mai eficiente m\uc1\u259Xsuri pen-}\pa
r\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tru combaterea b
uruienilor, dar nu nlocuie\uc1\u351Xte \uc1\u351Xi nici nu exclude
celelalte }\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5240\ri0\s
5240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {16}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsx
n666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn240\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-506\s
lmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lucr\uc1\u259Xri de ntre\uc1\u355Xinere ale so
lului. Utilizarea lor n legumicultura constituie un }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {proces complex \uc1\u351Xi preten\uc1\u
355Xios, deoarece ridic\uc1\u259X probleme foarte variate, care }\pa
r\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {impun respectarea an
umitor norme.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fa
ctorii care determin\uc1\u259X complexitatea procesului de utilizare a erbici-}\
par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {delor n legumicultu
ra sunt:}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-533\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs28\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {num\uc1\u259Xrul mare de specii
legumicole;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs28\cf0\f1\charscalex
100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diversitatea sistemelor de cu
ltivare;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-533\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs26\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {condi\uc1\u355Xiile de mediu
asigurate pentru plantele legumicole sunt foarte }\par\pard\li1320\
ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {favorabile pentru buruieni; num\u
c1\u259Xrul mare de specii de buruieni;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-533\slmult0 \*\t
x1613\fs26\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s

ensibilitatea mare a unor specii legumicole (castrave\uc1\u355Xi, pepeni, salat\
uc1\u259X, }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {span
ac etc.) la dozele de erbicide \uc1\u351Xi chiar la reziduurile acestora. Pentru
ca }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aplicarea
erbicidelor n legumicultura s\uc1\u259X fie eficient\uc1\u259X, se
impune }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {respect
area unor condi\uc1\u355Xii:}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-533\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs28\
cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alegerea cel
ui mai eficient erbicid;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs28\cf0\
f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stabilirea celei
mai corespunz\uc1\u259Xtoare doze, n func\uc1\u355Xie de specie \uc1\u351Xi con}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {di\uc1\u355Xiil
e de mediu;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs26\cf0\f1\charscalex
100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {stabilirea momentului \uc
1\u351Xi tehnicii aplic\uc1\u259Xrii erbicidului; alegerea \uc1\u351Xi
}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {preg\uc1\u259X
tirea corespunz\uc1\u259Xtoare a ma\uc1\u351Xinilor, utilajelor, echip
amentului de }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
proiect ic, n vederea aplic\uc1\u259Xrii tratamentelor;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-5
harscalex100 {cunoa\uc1\u351Xterea gradului de remanent\uc1\u259X a produselor;
m\uc1\u259Xsuri de protec\uc1\u355Xie a }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs
28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {muncii.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Erbicidele folosite n legumicultura trebuie s\uc1\u259X corespun
d\uc1\u259X unor cerin\uc1\u355Xe:}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-533\slmult0 \*\tx1613
\fs26\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\
u259X prezinte o mare selectivitate \uc1\u351Xi fitotoxicitate, s\uc1\u259X poat
\uc1\u259X fi folosite la ct }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {mai multe specii legumicole, far\uc1\u259X s\uc1\u259X le d\uc1\u25
9Xuneze, dar s\uc1\u259X distrug\uc1\u259X ct mai }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-493\sl
mult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {multe specii de buruieni;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0
\sl-480\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs24\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X aib\uc1\u259X o eficacitate ndelungat\uc1\
u259X, far\uc1\u259X a dep\uc1\u259X\uc1\u351Xi durata de vegeta\uc1\u
355Xie a }\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5
240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\pa
r\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {17}\par\pard\sect\s
ectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsx
n240\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
00 {speciei, pentru a se putea realiza culturi de succesiune;}\par\pard\li1320\r
i0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs28\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {tehnica de aplicare s\uc1\u259X fie simpl\uc1\u259X \uc1\u3
51Xi economic\uc1\u259X;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs28\cf0\
f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {s\uc1\u259X fie
ieftine \uc1\u351Xi s\uc1\u259X se foloseasc\uc1\u259X n doze mici.}\par\pard\li1
746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Momentul de aplicare este foa
rte important \uc1\u351Xi la stabilirea lui se \uc1\u355Xine }\par\pard\li893\ri
0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {seama de natura erbicidului,
cultura legumicol\uc1\u259X, compozi\uc1\u355Xia floristic\uc1\u259X a
}\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {buruienilor etc
, fiind precizate mai multe epoci:}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \*\tx1613
\fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nainte
de ns\uc1\u259Xm\uc1\u259Xn\uc1\u355Xare sau plantare (ppi - preplant incorporati
on) - se }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aplic\
uc1\u259X nainte sau n acela\uc1\u351Xi timp cu lucr\uc1\u259Xrile
de modelare a terenului, }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {erbicidele ce necesit\uc1\u259X ncorporare n sol n c

el mult 20 minute dup\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs
26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {administrare. Se folosesc erbicidele sistemice sau de a
bsorb\uc1\u355Xiei n timpul }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {ns\uc1\u259Xmn\uc1\u355X\uc1\u259Xrii, n care caz ma\uc1\u351Xinile de
sem\uc1\u259Xnat trebuie s\uc1\u259X fie prev\uc1\u259Xzute cu }\par\pard\li1320
\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dispozitive de distribuire a sol
u\uc1\u355Xiilor de erbicide;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-533\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs28
\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n intervalul
de la sem\uc1\u259Xnat la r\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xrirea plantelor de cultur\uc1\u
259X \uc1\u351Xi a buru-}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-453\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {ienilor (pre - preemergent), aplicndu-se erbicide care au dubl\uc1\u259X
ac\uc1\u355Xiune, de }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {contact \uc1\u351Xi absorb\uc1\u355Xie;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmul
t0 \*\tx1613\fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs26\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {dup\uc1\u259X ce au r\uc1\u259Xs\uc1\u259Xrit plantele de cultur\uc1\u259X
, avnd 2-3 frunze adev\uc1\u259Xrate (post - }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0
\fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {post emergent), folosindu-se erbicide de contact;}\
par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-533\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs28\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61
623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dup\uc1\u259X plantare, cnd r\uc1\u259Xsadu
rile s-au prins (post - post plantare)^ folo-}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-520\slmult
0 \*\tx1613\fs28\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {sindu-se erbicide de contact, far\uc1\u259X ncorporare;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0
\sl-480\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs26\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {n timpul perioadei de vegeta\uc1\u355Xie cnd se observ\uc1\u259
X c\uc1\u259X efectul erbicidului }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {aplicat ini\uc1\u355Xial este diminuat, existnd pericolul apar
i\uc1\u355Xiei unui nou val de }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {buruieni.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Efectul \uc1\u351Xi eficacitatea erbicidelor sunt influen\uc1\u355Xate
de mai mul\uc1\u355Xi factori:}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-533\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs
26\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tipul \
uc1\u351Xi compozi\uc1\u355Xia solului determin\uc1\u259X stabilirea d
ozei de erbicid, n }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {sensul c\uc1\u259X la un con\uc1\u355Xinut de humus mai ridicat \uc1\u3
51Xi o structur\uc1\u259X mai fin\uc1\u259X a so-}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\sl
mult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {lului doza de erbicid este mai mare;}\par\pard
\li1320\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs28\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\ta
b \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Umiditatea optim\uc1\u259X a solului m\uc1\u259Xr
e\uc1\u351Xte eficacitatea erbicidelor, iar umi-}\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5240\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {18}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\ma
rgrsxn133\margtsxn666\margbsxn240\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
\cf0\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-506\slm
ult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ditatea n exces mic\uc1\u351Xoreaz\uc1\u259X ac\
uc1\u355Xiunea lor;}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx1613\fs28\cf0\f1\ch
arscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Umiditatea relativ\uc
1\u259X a aerului, cu ct este mai ridicat\uc1\u259X cu att este mai }\par\pard\li1
320\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mare eficacitatea erbicidelor
, n special a celor de contact \uc1\u351Xi invers, aceasta }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\
sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nu trebuie s\uc1\u259X scad\uc1\u259X
sub 65%;}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Precip
ita\uc1\u355Xiile survenite dup\uc1\u259X aplicarea erbicidelor pot fi d\uc1\u25
9Xun\uc1\u259Xtoare n }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {cazul celor de contact, administrate post-emergent, sau pot
avea un efect }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {favorabil n cazul celor de absorb\uc1\u355Xie, aplicate preemergent. Dac\uc1\u
259X la 4-5 ore }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
dup\uc1\u259X aplicarea erbicidelor cade o ploaie moderat\uc1\u259X de 10-12 mm,

eficacitatea }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {er
bicidelor de contact cre\uc1\u351Xte.}\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-533\slmult0 \*\tx1
613\fs26\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {\uc1\u61623X}\tab \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Lip
sa precipita\uc1\u355Xiilor timp de 10-12 zile dup\uc1\u259X aplicarea
erbicidelor de }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{absorb\uc1\u355Xie, reduce mult efectul acestora. Este indicat, ca la 5-6 zile
de la }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {administr
area erbicidelor s\uc1\u259X se aplice o irigare prin aspersiune, cu o norm\uc1\
u259X }\par\pard\li1320\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de ap\uc1
\u259X de 150-200 m3/ha;}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Regimul de temperatur\uc1\u259X, la nivel optim de eficacitate a erbici
delor, este }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de
16-20 C. La temperaturi mai sc\uc1\u259Xzute (2-3C) efectul erbic
idelor este }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ntrz
iat, iar rezisten\uc1\u355Xa plantelor la ac\uc1\u355Xiunea lor scade. Aplicate n
condi\uc1\u355Xii de }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {temperaturi ridicate (peste 25C) este influen\uc1\u355Xat\uc1\u259X pierder
ea rapid\uc1\u259X a substan\uc1\u355Xei }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs
28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {active, care se volatilizeaz\uc1\u259X u\uc1\u351Xor.}\
par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pentru administra
re, erbicidele lichide se toarn\uc1\u259X n rezervoarele cu ap\uc1\u259X, }\par\p
ard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {apoi se face uniformiza
rea solu\uc1\u355Xiei. Erbicidele sub form\uc1\u259X de pudr\uc1\u259X muiabil\u
c1\u259X se }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ames
tec\uc1\u259X n prealabil cu c\uc1\u355Xiva litri de ap\uc1\u259X, ntr-o g\uc1\u259
Xleat\uc1\u259X sau alt vas \uc1\u351Xi se agit\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li893\ri0\s
l-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pn\uc1\u259X se ob\uc1\u355Xine o solu\
uc1\u355Xie omogen\uc1\u259X, de consisten\uc1\u355Xa smntnii, dup\uc1\u259X care
se toarn\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {n rezervoarele ma\uc1\u351Xinii.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Cantitatea de solu\uc1\u355Xie care se folose\uc1\u351Xte la
hectar este n general de 400-}\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {500 litri.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {Mijloacele mecanice folosite pentru erbicidare trebuie s\uc1\u259X func\u
c1\u355Xioneze }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c
orespunz\uc1\u259Xtor, s\uc1\u259X fie bine ntre\uc1\u355Xinute, iar
dup\uc1\u259X terminarea lucrului s\uc1\u259X fie }\par\pard\li5240\ri0\
par\pard\li5240\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {19}\par\pard\sect
\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\margtsxn666\margb
sxn240\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{obligatoriu cur\uc1\u259X\uc1\u355Xate.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs
28\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {M\uc1\u259Xsuri de protec\uc1\u355Xie}\b0 \par\pard\l
i1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n vederea administr\uc1\u259
Xrii erbicidelor este necesar ca muncitorilor s\uc1\u259X li se }\par\pard\li893
\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fac\uc1\u259X instructajul de pr
otec\uc1\u355Xie a muncii \uc1\u351Xi s\uc1\u259X completeze fi\uc1\u351Xele per
sonale care }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {treb
uie semnate, deoarece pericolele folosirii unor astfel de produs
e sunt }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {deosebi
t de mari, iar consecin\uc1\u355Xele foarte grave.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\s
lmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Muncitorii trebuie s\uc1\u259X respecte norme
le obligatorii, s\uc1\u259X poarte haine de }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0
\fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {protec\uc1\u355Xie, s\uc1\u259X nu fumeze, s\uc1\u25
9X nu bea, s\uc1\u259X nu m\uc1\u259Xnnce n timpul lucrului, s\uc1\u259X-\uc1\u351
Xi }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {fereasc\uc1\u
259X p\uc1\u259Xr\uc1\u355Xile neprotejate ale corpului de contactul cu solu\uc1

\u355Xia de erbicid.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {n pauze \uc1\u351Xi dup\uc1\u259X ncheierea lucrului trebuie s\uc1\u259X se s
pele bine cu ap\uc1\u259X }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {mult\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi s\uc1\u259Xpun.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480
\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Animalele nu au acces n zonele erbicidate de
ct dup\uc1\u259X 7-10 zile de la }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {aplicarea tratamentelor.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs
24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Resturile de solu\uc1\u355Xie, precum \uc1\u351
Xi apa cu care se spal\uc1\u259X ma\uc1\u351Xinile dup\uc1\u259X }
\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {erbicidare, tre
buie aruncate numai n gropi special amenajate, care nu au }\par
\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {leg\uc1\u259Xtur\uc1\
u259X cu sursele de ap\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {n legumicultura, la culturile din cmp \uc1\u351Xi solarii, precu
m \uc1\u351Xi la produ-}\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {cerea r\uc1\u259Xsadurilor, se folose\uc1\u351Xte un sortiment variat de
erbicide, n func\uc1\u355Xie de }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {specia din cultur\uc1\u259X.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0
\fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Administrarea erbicidelor se face sub form\uc1\u259X
de solu\uc1\u355Xie, n cantitate de }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs28\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {0,3-0,5 l/m , n care s-a dizolvat produsul, n doza indicat\uc1
\u259X.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Al\uc1\u
259Xturi de erbicidare se caut\uc1\u259X \uc1\u351Xi alte metode chimice de comb
atere a }\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-493\slmult0 \fs28\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {buruieni
lor.}\par\pard\li1746\ri0\sl-480\slmult0 \fs26\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Astfel, o m
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Combaterea Buruienilor in Culturile Legumicole

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Combaterea Buruienilor in Culturile Legumicole

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