GiaiB Lap THPT TienLu

Phng php gii bi ton ng lc hc cht im
V Xun Lp Trng THPT Tin L - Hng Yn - 1 -

SNG KI N KINH NGHIM
************************************

PHNG PHP HNG DN HC SINH

GII BI TP PHN
NG LC HC
CHT IM

CA: V XUN LP
T: L - CNG NGH
TRNG TRUNG HC PH THNG TIN L.

HNG YN NM 2010


Phn I: M U

Vt l l mt mn khoa hc c bn ca chng trnh gio dc ph
thng, trong h thng gio dc ph thng ca nc ta. Hc tp tt b mn vt
l gip con ngi ni chung v hc sinh ni ring c k nng t duy sng
to, lm cho con ngi linh hot hn, nng ng hn trong cuc sng cng
nh trong cng vic. Nhim v ca ging dy b mn vt l bc trung hc
ph thng l thc hin c nhng mc tiu gio dc m B Gio dc v
o to ra: Lm cho hc sinh t dc cc yu cu sau:
- Nm vng c kin thc ca b mn.
- C nhng k nng c bn vn dng kin thc ca b mn.
- C hng th hc tp b mn.
- C cch hc tp v rn luyn k nng hp l, t hiu qu cao trong hc tp
b mn vt l.
- Hnh thnh hc sinh nhng k nng t duy c trng ca b mn.
B mn vt l c phn phi theo chng trnh ng tm. Lp 10 v
11 hc chun b cho lp 12, nn nhim v chnh ca vt l lp 10 l to
cho hc sinh l to cho hc sinh k nng hc tp vt l theo ng c trng
b mn. Vt l lp 10 c vai tr quan trng nht, c ton b cch tip cn b
mn vt l, cch vn dng kin thc v pht trin t duy vt l cho hc sinh.
Trong ni dung mn Vt l lp 10, phn ng lc hc cht im c tc dng
rt tt, gip hc sinh pht trin t duy vt l. Trong phn ny th hin rt r
cc thao tc c bn ca t duy vt l l t trc quan sinh ng n t duy
tru tng, t t duy tru tng n thc tin khch quan, nh:
- Phn tch hin tng v huy ng cc kin thc c lin quan a ra kt
qu ca tng ni dung c cp.
- S dng kin thc ton hc c lin quan nh thc hin tnh ton n
gin hoc suy lun tip trong cc ni dung m bi yu cu.
- S dng kin thc thc t suy lun, bin lun kt qu ca bi ton
(Xc nhn hay nu iu kin bi ton c kt qu). Vic hc tp phn ny
c tp trung vo vic vn dng kin thc gii cc bi tp v ng lc
hc cht im.
Vn t ra l: Lm th no hc sinh c nhng k nng gii cc
bi tp v ng lc hc cht im mt cch lgc, cht ch, c bit l lm
th no qua vic rn luyn k nng gii cc bi tp ng lc hc cht im
l mt ni dung c th c th pht trin t duy Vt l, v cung cp cho hc
sinh cch t duy cng nh cch hc c trng ca b mn Vt l cp trung
hc ph thng.

Trong nhng nm ging dy b mn Vt l bc trung hc ph thng,
ti nhn thy: mi phn kin thc u c yu cu cao v vn dng kin
thc hc c vo gii bi tp Vt l. V vy mi phn ngi gio vin
cng cn a ra c nhng phng n hng dn hc sinh vn dng kin
thc mt cch ti u hc sinh c th nhanh chng tip thu v vn dng d
dng vo gii cc bi tp c th:
Theo nhn thc ca c nhn ti, trong vic hng dn hc sinh gii bi
tp cn phi thc hin c mt s ni dung sau:
- Phn loi cc bi tp ca phn theo hng t dng nht.
- Hnh thnh cch thc tin hnh t duy, huy ng kin thc v th t cc
thao tc cn thc hin.
- Hnh thnh cho hc sinh cch trnh by bi gii c trng ca phn kin
thc .
Sau y ti nu nhng suy ngh ca c nhn ti trong vic hng dn
hc sinh gii bi tp v ng lc hc cht im thuc Vt l lp 10 cp trung
hc ph thng m ti p dng trong nhng nm qua c tham kho,
rt kinh nghim v b xung.

I TNG NGHIN CU
- Kin thc: ng lc hc cht im v phng php vn dng kin thc
trong vic gii cc bi tp ca phn ny.
- i vi hc sinh trung bnh, yu: Yu cu nm vng kin thc c bn,
phng php gii v gii cc bi tp n gin.
- i vi hc sinh kh, gii: Yu cu p dng phng php gii vo bi tp
kh, c tnh cht nng cao, vn dng kin thc mt cch tng hp.

Phn II: NI DUNG

A/ KIN THC C BN:
I/ Cc khi nim c bn:
1/ Cht im: l vt th m kch thc c th b qua khi nghin cu.
Cc trng hp m vt c th coi l cht im:
- Kch thc ca vt rt nh so vi chiu di qu o ca vt v ch xc nh
v tr ca vt trn qu o.
- Vt rn chuyn ng tnh tin: Mi im trn vt c qu o ging nhau
nn ch cn xc nh chuyn ng ca mt im trn vt.
2/ H quy chiu: L cng c gip nghin cu chuyn ng ca vt.
- H quy chiu gm: H ta (thng dng h ta cc vung gc) gn
vi vt lm mc v mc thi gian, ng h.
- C hai trng hp s dng h quy chiu:

+ H quy chiu qun tnh: Trong Vt l lp 10 l h quy chiu ng yn
hoc chuyn ng thng u so vi mt t.
+ H quy chiu phi qun tnh: Trong Vt l lp 10 l h quy chiu gn vi
vt chuyn ng c gia tc khng i i vi mt t.
3/ Lc:
- Lc l i lng c trng cho tc dng ca vt ny vo vt khc, kt qu l
lm thay i chuyn ng ca vt hoc lm cho vt b bin dng.
- Lc c ba c trng:
+ im t: L v tr tc dng ca tng tc.
+ Hng ca lc: L hng tc dng ca tng tc gm phng v chiu
+ ln ca lc: L mc mnh yu ca tng tc.
- Biu din lc: Bng vect
+ Gc vect biu din im t ca lc.
+ Hng ca vect biu din hng ca lc, ng thng mang vect lc l
gi ca lc.
+ Chiu di vect biu din ln ca lc theo t l xch quy c.
4/ Tng hp v phn tch lc:
a/ Tng hp lc l thay th nhiu lc tc dng ng thi vo mt vt bng
mt lc c tc dng ging ht nh tc dng ca ton b nhng lc y.
Lc thay th gi l hp lc, cc lc c thay th gi l lc thnh phn.
2 1
F F F + =
- Quy tc: Cng vect
Trong vt l thng dng quy tc hnh bnh hnh: Hp lc ca hai lc ng
quy c biu din bng ng cho (k t im ng quy) ca hnh bnh
hnh m hai cnh l nhng vect biu din hai lc thnh phn.
b/ Phn tch lc l thay th mt lc bng hai hay nhiu lc tc dng ng thi
v gy hiu qu ging ht nh lc y.
- Quy tc: Quy tc hnh bnh hnh.
phn tch mt lc thnh hai lc th cn phi bit phng tc dng ca hai
lc .
Nu phng tc dng ca hai lc thnh phn vung gc vi nhau th lc
thnh phn l hnh chiu ca hp lc trn cc phng .
5/ Cc lc c hc:
a/ Lc hp dn: L lc ht gia hai vt bt k
- c im ca lc hp dn gia hai cht im.
+ im t: cht im ang xt.
+ Hng: Phng: trng ng thng ni hai cht im.
Chiu: biu din lc ht.
+ ln:
2
2 1
hd
r
m m
G F = Vi G = 6,67 Nm
2
/kg
2
.
- Trng lc: l lc ht ca tri t tc dng ln mt vt

c im:
+ im t: trng tm ca vt
+ Hng: Phng thng ng.
Chiu t trn xung.
+ ln: P = mg g: gia tc ri t do (gia tc trng trng)
b/ Lc n hi: L lc xut hin vt khi vt n hi b bin dng.
- Lc n hi ca l xo ng u b ko hoc b nn:
c im:
+ im t: vt nhn tc dng ca lc n hi.
+ Hng: Ngc vi hng ca bin dng. (hng bin dng l hng
chuyn ng tng i ca u y so vi u kia)
+ ln: F
h
= k. l l = l l
0
: bin dng ca l xo.
- Lc cng ca dy:
c im:
+ im t: vt nhn tc dng ca lc cng dy.
+ Hng: Phng trng vi dy
Chiu hng v phn gia ca dy
- Lc n hi ca mt mt b p
c im:
+ im t: vt nhn tc dng ca lc n hi.
+ Hng: Phng vung gc vi b mt vt
Chiu ngc vi chiu ca p lc gy ra lc n hi .
c/ Lc ma st: L lc xut hin khi mt vt chuyn ng hoc c xu hng
chuyn ng trn mt mt vt khc.
C ba trng hp:
- Lc ma st trt: xut hin khi mt tip xc khi mt vt trt trn mt vt
khc:
c im:
+ im t: vt nhn tc dng ca lc ma st.
+ Hng: Phng tip tuyn vi mt tip xc
Chiu: ngc chiu chuyn ng tng i ca vt y so vi vt
kia.
+ ln: F
ms
=
t
.N
t
: h s ma st trt
- Lc ma st ln: xut hin khi mt vt ln trn mt vt khc.
c im:
Chiu: ngc chiu chuyn ng tng i ca vt y so vi vt
kia.
+ ln: F
ms
=
l
.N
l
: h s ma st ln
Ch : H s ma st ln
l
nh hn h s ma st trt
t
hng chc ln.

- Lc ma st ngh: xut hin khi mt vt c xu hng chuyn ng trn mt
vt khc. Lc ma st ngh xut hin cn bng vi cc ngoi lc khc tc
dng vo vt.
c im:
Chiu: ngc chiu vi xu hng chuyn ng tng i ca vt
y so vi vt kia.
+ ln: Cn bng vi cc ngoi lc khc tc dng ln vt. Bng ln hp
lc ca cc ngoi lc khc tc dng ln vt.
ln ca lc c gi tr cc i F
msc
=
n
.N
n
: H s ma st ngh
Nn c th vit : F
ms

n
.N
Gi tr ca h s ma st ngh
n
ln hn h s ma st trt
t
cng mt cp
mt tip xc.
d/ Lc qun tnh: xut hin khi dng h quy chiu phi qun tnh.
c im
+ im t: vt ta xt.
+ Hng: Ngc hng vi gia tc ca h quy chiu
+ ln: F
qt
= ma vi a l ln gia tc ca h quy chiu qun tnh so
vi mt t.

II/ Cc nh lut Niu Tn
1/ nh lut I Niu - Tn:
Nu mt vt khng chu tc dng ca lc no hoc chu tc dng ca nhng
lc cn bng nhau th vt s ng yn hoc chuyn ng thng u.
2/ nh lut II Niu - Tn:
Gia tc ca mt vt cng hng vi lc tc dng gy ra n, c ln t l
thun vi ln ca lc v t l nghch vi khi lng ca vt.
a . m F hay
m
F
a = =
3/ nh lut III Niu Tn:
Nu vt A tc dng ln vt B mt lc th vt B cng tc dng tr li vt A
mt lc, hai lc ny l trc i. Ngha l cng gi, cng ln nhng ngc
chiu.

III/ Phng php gii bi tp Vt l: 4 bc
Bc 1: Tm tt u bi, i n v, v hnh (nu c)
Bc 2: Phn tch u bi tm cch gii.
Bc 3: Thc hin gii.
Bc 4: Bin lun v p s.


III/ Phng php gii bi tp phn ng lc hc cht im:
Khi hng dn hc sinh gii cc bi tp nn a ra angorit v cch vn dng
trong linh hot cc bi tp c th.
i vi cc bi tp v phn ng lc hc c mt phng php chung:
Bc 1: Chn h quy chiu.
Bc 2: Biu din cc lc tc dng ln vt.
Bc 3: Vit biu thc nh lut II Niu-Tn.
Bc 4: Chuyn biu thc vect thnh biu thc i s v tnh i lng yu
cu.
Vic chn h quy chiu thc hin sao cho bi ton gii c thun li nht.
ng thi cng quyt nh n cc lc tc dng vo vt v qu o ca vt,
do chn h quy chiu l qun tnh hay l phi qun tnh.
Cc bi tp v ng lc hc cht im c th chia thnh hai dng chnh:
Dng 1: Bi ton mt vt: c ba trng hp:
+ Mt vt chuyn ng thng.
+ Mt vt chuyn ng parabol (chuyn ng ca vt b nm).
+ Mt vt chuyn ng trn.
Dng 2: Bi ton h vt.
hng dn hc sinh s dng phng php ng lc hc vo gii cc bi
ton ng lc hc cht im cn nu ra c cc thao tc hp l cho tng
trng hp c th. Sau y l cch s dng ca c nhn ti trong qu trnh
rn luyn cho hc sinh k nng gii cc bi ton ng lc hc cht im.

B/ THC HIN P DNG TRONG CC BI TON C BN.
Dng 1: Bi ton mt vt.
Phng php gii:
Bc 1: Chn h quy chiu.
Bc 2: Biu din cc lc tc dng ln vt.
Bc 3: Vit biu thc nh lut II Niu-Tn.
Bc 4: Chuyn biu thc vect thnh biu thc i s v tnh i lng yu
cu.
Vic gii cc bi tp vt l l t duy hin tng nn phi xut pht t phn
tch hin tng ca bi cp ti. Phng php gii nu ra nh trn c
hiu nh th t cc thao tc cn thc hin gii cc bi ton c th.

1/ Vn dng phng php gii trn vo mt vt chuyn ng thng:
V d 1: Mt vt c khi lng m = 4kg ang ng yn trn mt phng
ngang c ko chuyn ng bi mt lc F c ln khng i l 6N. H s
ma st trt gia vt v mt phng ngang l = 0,1, ly g = 10 m/s
2
. Hy
tnh qung ng m vt i c trong 5s trong hai trng hp:
a/ Lc F c phng ngang.

b/ Lc F hp vi phng ngang ln pha trn mt gc l vi sin = 0,6.
Gii
Nhim v ca bi ton l phi xc nh c dng chuyn ng ca
vt, t vn dng bi ton ng hc tnh i lng theo yu cu ca bi
ton. V vy ta cn xc nh gia tc ca vt v t iu kin ban u nhn
nh dng chuyn ng ca vt.
xc nh gia tc ca vt ta dng phng php gii nu nh trn.
Cn phn tch hc sinh c th tin hnh c cc thao tc trn, t vic
chn h quy chiu theo nh hng gii, xc nh c cc lc tc dng vo
vt v biu din trn hnh, vit biu thc nh lut II Niu-Tn cho trng hp
ca bi. Hng dn hc sinh bit cch thc hin vic chuyn biu thc vect
thnh biu thc i s ri thc hin tnh i lng yu cu.
Li gii c th nh sau:
H quy chiu: Ta Oxy:
Ox: phng ngang, chiu cng chiu chuyn ng ca vt.
Oy: phng thng ng, chiu t di ln.
Mc thi gian t = 0 lc vt bt u chuyn ng.
Cc lc tc dng vo vt:
+ Trng lc: P
+ Phn p lc t mt phng ngang: N
+ Lc tc dng: F
+ Lc ma st trt:
ms
F
a/ Lc F c phng ngang: ta c hnh v.

p dng nh lut II Niu-Tn: a m F
hl
=
a m F P N F
ms
= + + +
Chiu ln Oy: N P = 0 N = P = mg
F
ms
= N = mg
Chiu ln Ox: F F
ms
= ma F - mg = ma
4 a = 6 0,1.4.10 a = 0,5 (m/s
2
)
Vt chuyn ng thng nhanh dn u.
p dng cng thc: s = v
0
.t + 0,5.a.t
2
s = 0,5.0,5.25 = 6,25(m)
N
ms
F F
P
y
x

b/ Lc F hp vi phng ngang ln pha trn mt gc l vi sin = 0,6.
Ta c hnh v:
hl
=
a m F P N F
ms
= + + +
8 , 0 sin 1 cos = =
Chiu ln Oy: N P + F sin = 0 N = P - F sin
F
ms
= N = (mg + F sin)
Chiu ln Ox: F cos F
ms
= ma F cos - (mg - F sin) = ma

4 a = 6.0,8 0,1.(4.10 - 6.0,6) a = 0,29 (m/s
2
)
Vt chuyn ng thng nhanh dn u.
p dng cng thc: s = v
0
.t + 0,5.a.t
2

s = 0,5.0,29.25 = 3,625(m)

V d 2: Mt khi nng tr tam gic c mt mt phng nghing mt gc so
vi phng ngang mang mt vt c khi lng m chuyn ng theo phng
ngang vi gia tc
0
a nh hnh v. Hy tm cc gi tr ca a
0
vt m vn
ng yn so vi lng tr trong hai trng hp
a/ Gia vt m v lng tr c ma st khng ng k.
b/ H s ma st ngh gia vt m v lng tr l vi < cotan

Gii

Trong bi ton ny vt m ta xt ng yn so vi lng tr, nh vy vt
so vi mt t vt m chuyn ng c gia tc l
0
a . gii ta c th chn h
m
0
a
N
ms
F
F
y
x

P

quy chiu gn vi mt t (h quy chiu qun tnh) hoc h quy chiu gn vi
lng tr (h quy chiu phi qun tnh)
gii bi tp ny ta vn tin hnh cc thao tc nh trn. Nu chn h
quy chiu gn vi mt t (h quy chiu qun tnh) th vt c gia tc ca lng
tr l
0
a khng c lc qun tnh tc dng ln vt. Nu chn h quy chiu gn
vi lng tr (h quy chiu phi qun tnh) th vt ng yn v xut hin lc
qun tnh tc dng vo vt. Trong cu b ca bi, vt ng yn so vi lng
tr nn ma st gia vt v lng tr l ma st ngh. Cc bi ton c lc ma st
ngh th hng dn hc sinh chuyn bi ton v tnh lc ma st v phn p
lc t mt b p ri dng c tnh ln ca lc ma st ngh, c hai trng
hp:
Nu vt ch c xu hng chuyn ng theo mt chiu th F
ms
N
Nu vt c th c xu hng chuyn ng theo hai chiu th F
ms
N
bi ny ti nu cch s dng h quy chiu phi qun tnh.

Li gii c th nh sau:
H quy chiu: Ta Oxy gn vi lng tr
Ox: phng ngang, cng chiu
0
a
Vt ng yn.
a/ Gia vt m v lng tr c ma st khng ng k.
Ta c hnh v

Cc lc tc dng vo vt:
+ Trng lc: P
+ Phn p lc t mt lng tr: N
+ Lc qun tnh:
q
F
Vt cn bng: P +
q
F + N = 0
Chiu ln Ox: N.sin - F
q
= 0 N.sin = F
q

Chiu ln Oy: N.cos - P = 0 N.cos = P
m
0
a
N
P
q
F
x
y

Nn:
g
a
mg
ma
P
F
tan
0 0
q
= = = a
0
= g.tan
b/ H s ma st ngh gia vt m v lng tr l vi < cotan
Ta c hnh v:
Cc lc tc dng vo vt:
+ Trng lc: P
+ Phn p lc t mt lng tr: N
+ Lc qun tnh:
q
F
+ Lc ma st ngh:
ms
F
Vt cn bng: P +
q
F + N +
ms
F = 0

Trong bi l trng hp lc ma st ngh. Vi nhng gi tr a
0
nh th vt m
c xu hng trt xung chn mt phng nghing, vi nhng gi tr a
0
kh
ln vt m li c xu hng trt ln pha nh mt phng nghing. Nn lc ma
st ngh trong bi l lc ma st c th c hai chiu. V vy biu din lc ma
st theo mt chiu c th v nh hng hng dn hc sinh tnh ln ca
lc ma st ngh v phn p lc
Chiu ln Ox: N.sin - F
q
F
ms
.cos = 0
Chiu ln Oy: N.cos - P + F
ms
.sin = 0
N = mg.cos + ma
0
.sin
V F
ms
= mg.sin - ma
0
.cos
F
ms
l lc ma st ngh v c th c hai chiu nn:
F
ms
. N
mg.sin - ma
0
.cos . (mg.cos + ma
0
.sin)

( ) ( )

+

+

sin . cos
cos . sin g
a
cos sin .
cos . sin g
0

2/ Vn dng phng php gii trn vo mt vt chuyn ng parabol
(vt chuyn ng b nm)
Cn nu cho hc sinh th t cc thao tc cn thc hin m c gi l
phng php gii.

m
0
a
N
P
q
F
x
y
ms
F

Bc 1: Chn h quy chiu (ta Oxy)
Bc 2: Xc nh gia tc ca vt.
Bc 3: Kho st tng chuyn ng thnh phn ca vt theo cc trc ta
Bc 4: Phi hp cc chuyn ng thnh phn tm chuyn ng ca vt.

y l dng bi phn tch mt chuyn ng khng thng bng hai
chuyn ng thng thnh phn. Nn cn m t hin tng hc sinh c
hiu c, nh vy thay v kho st chuyn ng ca vt bng kho st cc
chuyn ng thnh phn, l cch nghin cu c trng ca vt l. Sau khi
phn tch, vic tip theo l kho st chuyn ng thng, nn c tin hnh
nh bi ton ng hc cht im i vi cc chuyn ng thnh phn. Tip
theo cn hng dn hc sinh cch phi hp cc chuyn ng thnh phn
tm ra chuyn ng ca vt, l xc nh cc c tnh ca vt chuyn ng.

V d 1: Mt vt coi l cht im c nm ngang vi vn tc ban u l v
0

t mt im c cao l h
0
. B qua sc cn khng kh, gia tc trng trng
l g. Hy xc nh:
a/ Qu o ca vt.
b/ Tm bay xa ca vt.
c/ Vn tc ca vt cao h (vi 0 h h
0
) v khi chm t
Gii
Qu o ca vt l ng cong. Gio vin cn hng dn hc sinh
cch vn dng phng php gii nu trn vo gii bi tp ny. Gio vin
phn tch lm hc sinh bit nn xt cc chuyn ng thnh phn c n
gin nht. l phn tch chuyn ng ca vt thnh mt chuyn ng
thng thnh phn l chuyn ng u v mt chuyn ng thng thnh phn
l bin i u. Mun t c iu ny phi da vo gia tc ca vt theo
cc phng y. Nh vy cn phn tch chuyn ng ca vt thnh hai chuyn
ng thng theo phng ca gia tc v phng kia vung gc vi gia tc.
Li gi c th ca bi nh sau:

O
v
0
y
x
a
P

Sau khi b nm vt ch chu tc dng ca trng lc P
Gia tc ca vt: g
m
P
a = =
H quy chiu: Ta Oxy:
Ox: phng ngang, cng chiu vi vn tc ban u
0
v
Oy: phng thng ng, chiu t trn xung.
Gc ta O: ti v tr nm vt.
Mc thi gian: t = 0: lc nm vt.
Theo phng Ox: gia tc ca vt l a
x
= 0 vt chuyn ng u.
Ta ban u: x
0
= 0
Vn tc ca vt: v
x
= v
0
.
Phng trnh chuyn ng: x = x
0
+ v
x
.t x = x
0
+ v
0.
t
x = v
0.
t (1)
Theo phng Oy: Gia tc ca vt l a
y
= a vt chuyn ng bin i u.
Ta ban u: y
0
= 0; vn tc ban u v
0y
= 0
Phng trnh chuyn ng:
2
y y 0 0
t . a
2
1
t . v y y + + =
2
t . a
2
1
y = (2)
Vn tc ca vt: v
y
= v
0y
+ a
y
.t v
y
= a.t (3)
a/ Qu o ca vt:
Gio vin cn hng dn hc sinh cch xc nh nhng c tnh ca
chuyn ng da trn cc chuyn ng thnh phn. Qu o ca vt xc
nh bng phng trnh m t qu o ca vt trong ta Oxy
T (1):
0
v
x
t =
Thay vo (2):
2
0
2
v . 2
x . a
y = (4)
a, v
0
khng i nn qu o ca vt l mt phn ca parabol
b/ Tm bay xa ca vt.
Tm bay xa ca vt b nm l qung ng vt i c theo phng
Ox. Cn lm cho hc sinh bit cch tnh yu t ny. C hai cch tnh
- T (2) tnh thi gian bay n khi chm t ri thay vo (1) tnh L
- Xc nh ta im chm t ri dng phng trnh qu xc nh L
Khi vt chm t ta c: y = h
0
Thi gian bay ca vt:
a
h 2
t
0
=
Tm bay xa:
a
h 2
. v t . v L
0
0 x
= =

(hoc khi vt chm t ta c y = h
0

t (4): tm bay xa
a
h 2
. v x L
0
0
= = )
c/ Vn tc ca vt cao h (vi 0 h h
0
) v khi chm t.
Khi vt cao h ta c y = h
a
h 2
t t . a
2
1
h
2
= =
T (3): vn tc ca vt theo phng Oy: ah 2 t . a v
y
= =
Vn tc ca vt:
y x
v v v + =
ah 2 v v v v v v
2
0
2
y
2
x y x
+ = + =
Khi chm t: y = h = h
0
:
0
2
0
ah 2 v v + =
V d 2: Mt vt coi l cht im c nm vi vn tc ban u l
v
0
= 25m/s theo phng hp vi phng ngang ln pha trn mt gc t
mt im c cao h
0
= 60m. B qua sc cn ca khng kh, ly g = 10m/s
2
,
sin = 0,8.
a/ Qu o ca vt.
b/ Tm bay xa, tm bay cao ca vt.
c/ Vn tc ca vt cao h = 35m v khi chm t
Gii
Gio vin hng dn hc sinh gii theo th t cc thao tc nu ra
trn. Tuy nhin cn ch cho hc sinh cch xc nh gia tc, vn tc ban
u theo cc phng ca trc ta . Nu cho hc sinh khi nim tm bay
cao, tm bay xa v cch tnh cc i lng ny trong trng hp ta xt.
Hng dn hc sinh cch xc nh vect vn tc ca vt mt thi im,
mt cao da vo cc chuyn ng thnh phn. Hng dn hc sinh bit
xc nh ta ca vt ti cc v tr ta xt trong cc cch chn ta khc
nhau.
Li gii c th ca bi nh sau:
Sau khi b nm vt ch chu tc dng ca trng lc P
Gia tc ca vt: g
m
P
a = =
H quy chiu: Ta Oxy:
Ox: phng ngang, chiu t tri sang phi nh hnh v.
Gc ta O: ti v tr nm vt.
Mc thi gian: t = 0: lc nm vt.
Theo phng Ox: gia tc ca vt l a
x
= 0 vt chuyn ng u.
Ta ban u: x
0
= 0
Vn tc ca vt: v
x
= v
0
cos = 25.0,6 = 15(m/s)

Phng trnh chuyn ng: x = x
0
+ v
x
.t x = x
0
+ (v
0
cos).t
x = (v
0
cos).t = 15.t (1)
Theo phng Oy: Gia tc ca vt l a
y
= - a = - 10m/s
2
vt chuyn ng
bin i u.
Ta ban u: y
0
= 0; vn tc ban u v
0y
= v
0
sin = 25.0,8 = 20(m/s)
Phng trnh chuyn ng:
2
y y 0 0
t . a
2
1
t . v y y + + =
( )
2 2
0
t . 5 t . 20 t . a
2
1
t . sin v y = = (2)
Vn tc ca vt: v
y
= v
0y
+ a
y
.t v
y
= v
0
sin - a.t = 20 10.t (3)

a/ Qu o ca vt:
Gio vin cn hng dn hc sinh cch xc nh qu o ca vt trong
ta Oxy chn. Qu o ca vt xc nh bng phng trnh m t qu
o ca vt trong ta Oxy
T (1):
15
x
cos v
x
t
0
=
=
Thay vo (2):
45
x
3
x . 4
cos v . 2
x . a
tan . x y
2
2 2
0
2
=
= (4)
a, v
0
khng i nn qu o ca vt l mt phn ca parabol
b/ Tm bay xa ca vt.
Tm bay xa ca vt b nm l qung ng vt i c theo phng
Ox. Cn lm cho hc sinh bit cch tnh yu t ny. C hai cch tnh
O
v
0
y
x
a
P
v
0x
v
0y

- T (2) tnh thi gian bay n khi chm t ri thay vo (1) tnh L
- Xc nh ta im chm t ri dng phng trnh qu xc nh L
Khi vt chm t ta c: y = - h
0
= - 60m
T (2) 20.t 5.t
2
= - 48
Thi gian bay ca vt: t = 6s. (ta loi nghim t = -2s)
Tm bay xa: m 90 6 . 15 t . v L
x
= = =
(hoc khi vt chm t ta c y = - h
0
= -60m
t (4): 60
45
x
3
x . 4
2
= tm bay xa L = x = 90m)
Tm bay cao ca vt l cao ln nht ca vt so vi mt t, khi
vt c vn tc theo phng ngang. Cn hng dn hc sinh la chn c
cch xc nh ph hp. C th hng dn hc sinh dng ton hc xc
nh gi tr ln nht ca y, tm bay cao H = h
0
+ y
max
(theo cch chn h ta
trong bi). C th hng dn hc sinh: Ti v tr cao nht vt bay ngang
nn vn tc ca vt v = v
x
, khi v
y
= 0. Ta xc nh t ri tnh y tm bay xa
H = h
0
+ y
max
.
Ti trnh bay y mt cch:
Ti v tr cao nht vt bay ngang nn vn tc ca vt v = v
x
, khi v
y
= 0.
T (3): 20 10.t = 0 t = 2(s)
T (2): cao ca vt y = 20m
Tm bay xa: H = y + h
0
= 80m.
c/ Vn tc ca vt cao h v khi chm t.
Cn hng dn hc sinh bit cch tnh cc vn tc thnh phn theo cc
trc ta v bit cch xc nh hng v ln ca vn tc ca vt mt
thi im hoc mt cao nht nh.
Khi vt cao h = 35m th y = h h
0
= - 25m.
T (2) 20.t 5.t
2
= - 20 t = 5s (loi nghim t = - 1)
T (3) v
y
= 20 10.5 = - 30(m/s)
Vn tc ca vt:
y x
v v v + =
( ) ( )
2
0
2
0
2
y
2
x y x
t . a sin v cos v v v v v v + = + =
s / m 6 . 33 30 15
2 2
+ =
Khi chm t: y = - h
0
: Ta li tnh nh trn

3/ Vn dng phng php gii trn vo mt vt chuyn ng trn.

Cc thao tc gii vn c gi nh trn, tuy nhin cn c vn dng mt
cch linh hot hn v trong chuyn ng trn lc tc dng vo vt, gia tc
ca vt ti cc im khc nhau t nht v hng. Nn vic chn h quy chiu
c tin hnh thnh hai vic:
+ Chn loi h quy chiu trc khi xc nh cc lc tc dng ln vt.

+ Chn phng chiu ca ta sau khi vit biu thc nh lut II Niu-Tn
cho trng hp ta xt.
Gia tc ca vt chuyn ng trn c hai thnh phn: Gia tc tip tuyn v gia
tc hng tm. Khi chiu ln phng vung gc vi qu o th c thnh
phn gia tc hng tm.

V d 1: Mt vt coi l cht im c t trn mt mt bn xoay nm
ngang, c th quay c quanh mt trc thng ng. Vt cch trc quay mt
khong R = 20cm. H s ma st ngh gia vt v mt bn l = 0,4. Ly g =
10m/s
2
. Hi bn phi quay vi tc gc l bao nhiu th vt b vng ra
ngoi.
Gii
Khi vt vng c giai on vt chuyn ng trn bn, i vi mt t
vt chuyn ng c qu o l ng xoy chn c. Gia tc ca chuyn ng
ny hc sinh cha c hc nn vic gii bi ton khng thc hin c.
Gio vin cn hng dn hc sinh a bi ton v loi chuyn ng c
hc. Ti thng hng dn hc sinh chuyn bi ton v tm cc gi tr ca
tc gc vt vn ng yn trn bn, ngoi nhng gi tr th vt b
vng ra ngoi. C hai gii php gii bi ton ny.
+ Chn h quy chiu gn vi mt t (h quy chiu qun tnh) th vt chuyn
ng trn.
+ Chn h quy chiu gn vi bn (h quy chiu phi qun tnh) th vt ng
yn.
V d ny ti trnh by gii php th nht: Chn h quy chiu qun tnh.

Chn h quy chiu gn vi mt t.
Khi vt cha b vng. Vt chuyn ng trn:
Cc lc tc dng vo vt:

Trng lc: Phn p lc: Lc ma st ngh: P N
ms
F
P
N
ms
F
ht
a

hl
=

ht ms
a m F N P = + +
Gio vin nu cho hc sinh l ang xt trng hp vt ng yn trn
bn, nh vy
ms
F l lc ma st ngh, gii php gii quyt vn d c
nu trng hp bi ton mt vt chuyn ng thng: l chuyn v bi ton
tm lc ma st v phn p lc. Ngoi ra gio vin cn hng dn hc sinh
xc nh phng v chiu ca gia tc hng tm, t chn phng, chiu
chiu cho hp l.
Chiu ln phng thng ng, chiu t trn xung
P N = 0 N = P = mg
Chiu ln phng ngang, chiu t vt hng vo trc quay:
F
ms
= ma
ht

Lc ma st ngh: F
ms
N
( ) s / rad 2 10
R
g
mg R m
2

vt vng ra ngoi th: s / rad 2 10 > .

V d 2: Mt t c khi lng 2 tn ang chuyn ng trn ng ngang th
i u qua mt cu cong vng ln vi tc 72km/h. Cu c coi l mt
cung trn c bn knh l 300m. Ly g = 10m/s
2
. Hy tnh p lc ca t ln
cu ti:
a/ V tr cao nht ca cu.
b/ V tr ng thng ni t vi tm cu hp vi phng thng ng mt
gc vi sin = 0,6.
Gi
Khi chuyn ng u trn cu, i vi mt t, t chuyn ng trn
u trong mt phng thng ng, Gia tc ca vt l gia tc hng tm, c
hng thay i ty theo v tr ca vt, c phng bn knh ni vt vi tm
cu chiu hng vo tm. c ln khng i. V vy cn chn phng
chiu hp l l phng ca gia tc, v gia tc ly gi tr dng th chiu
dng cng l chiu gia tc nn phng chiu c chn theo tng v tr ca
vt. p lc t tc dng ln mt cu trc i vi phn p lc m mt cu tc
dng tr li t, ngha l cng ln vi phn p lc m mt cu tc dng
tr li t.
Chn h quy chiu gn vi mt t (h quy chiu qun tnh) th t chuyn
ng trn u c tm qu o l tm cu:
Gia tc ca t l gia tc hng tm.
Cc lc tc dng vo vt:
Trng lc: Phn p lc:
P
N


hl
=

ht
a m N P = +

a/ Ti v tr cao nht ca cu: Ta c hnh v:
Phn p lc t mt cu lun vung gc vi mt cu ngha l trng vi
phng bn knh. Ti v tr ny bn knh ni vt vi tm qu o c phng
thng ng, Phn p lc ca mt cu cng c phng thng ng.
Chiu ln phng thng ng chiu t trn xung:
P N = ma
ht

( ) N 1800
400
20 . 2000
10 . 2000 N
R
v . m
mg N
R
v
a
2 2 2
ht
= = = =
Vy p lc m t tc dng xung mt cu l 1800N
b/ Ti v tr ng thng ni t vi tm cu hp vi phng thng ng
mt gc vi sin = 0,6. Ta c hnh v:
Vi gi trn, gio vin cho hc sinh xc nh phng, chiu ca
cc lc tc dng ln t ti v tr ny v xc nh phng chiu ti y.
p dng nh lut II Niu-Tn:
ht
a m N P = +
Chiu ln phng bn knh ni vt vi tm cu, chiu hng vo tm cu:
P.cos - N = m.a
ht
.
P
P
N
N

ht
a
ht
a

( ) N 1400
400
20 . 2000
8 , 0 . 10 . 2000 N
R
v . m
cos . mg N
R
v
a
2 2 2
ht
= = = =
Vy p lc m t tc dng xung mt cu l 1400N
Qua bi tp ny nn phn tch v ng dng trong thc t. T biu thc
tnh p lc N th thy p lc m t tc dng xung cu nh hn trng lc
ca t. Tc t cng ln th p lc ca t xung cu cng nh. Nh
vy cu c th chu c trng ti ln. lm ni r ng dng ny nn cho
hc sinh t gii trng hp cu vng xung lm i chng. y cng l cch
gii thch v sao nhng ch ng b b lm xung th nhanh hng hn
ng bng. Trong thc t hu nh khng lm cu vng xung.
Trng hp t chuyn ng khng u: Gia tc ca t phn tch
thnh 2 thnh phn, thnh phn tip tuyn c trng cho s thay i vn tc
v ln, thnh phn php tuyn l gia tc hng tm c trng cho s thay
i vn tc v hng. Gio vin hng dn hc sinh chn phng chiu cho
ph hp bi ton gii c n gin nht.

Dng 2: Bi ton h vt.
Phng php gii:
Bc 1: Chn h quy chiu cho tng vt.
Bc 2: Vit biu thc nh lut II Niu-Tn cho tng vt.
Bc 3: Tm lin h gia cc lc v cc gia tc.
Bc 4: Tnh i lng yu cu.

Hng dn gii bi ton dng ny c k tha cc k nng m hc sinh
c khi gii bi ton mt vt. Vic thc hin cc thao tc ca bi ton c
thc hin trn tng vt trong h. S s th hin ca h vt ch tm lin h
gia cc lc v cc gia tc c phn tch hin tng, lin h gia cc
chuyn ng v cu trc ca h cho. Bi ton dng ny rt phong ph v
nhiu trng hp. Trong phm vi ca sng kin kinh nghim ny ti nu 2
trng hp v d minh ha cho cch hng dn hc sinh gii bi tp phn
ng lc hc cht im.

V d 1: Chu h vt nh hnh v:
Bit m
1
= 4kg. B qua khi lng ca cc rng rc, ca dy, mi ma st, dy
khng dn. Ly g = 10m/s
2
. Ban u cc vt ng yn. Hy tnh gia tc ca
m
1
v ch r chiu chuyn ng ca n khi:
a/ m
2
= 1kg.
a/ m
2
= 2kg.
a/ m
2
= 3kg.
Gii

Ti trnh by cch hng dn hc sinh gii bi tp ny nh nu
trn. Gio vin hng dn hc sinh cch chn h quy chiu. Trong bi ny
hai vt m
1
v m
2
ch c th chuyn ng theo phng thng ng (cng
phng) c th chn trung h ta cho hai vt. Hng dn hc sinh cch
xc nh chiu chuyn ng ca mt vt: Ban u vt ng yn m c gia tc
khc 0 v kgng i th vt s chuyn ng thng nhanh dn u c gia tc
cng hng chuyn ng. Nh vy gia tc ca vt c gi tr dng ngha l
vect gia tc cng hng ta th vt chuyn ng cng chiu ta
chn, gia tc ca vt c gi tr m ngha l vect gia tc ngc hng ta
th vt chuyn ng ngc chiu ta chn. gii bi tp ny th phi
tm gia tc ca cc vt.
H quy chiu: Ta Ox phng thng
ng, chiu t di ln.
Cc lc tc dng vo m
1
:
Trng lc:
1
P
Lc cng dy:
1
T
p dng nh II Niu-Tn: a m F
hl
=

1 1 1 1
a m T P = +
Chiu ln Ox: T
1
P
1
= m
1
a
1
(1)
Cc lc tc dng vo m
2
:
Trng lc:
2
P
Lc cng dy:
2
T
p dng nh II Niu-Tn: a m F
hl
=

2 2 2 2
a m T P = +
Chiu ln Ox: T
2
P
2
= m
2
a
2
(2)

Gio vin hng dn hc sinh
tm nhng lc c lin quan vi nhau v quan h gia chng nhng lu rng
cc vect trong phng trnh chiu c gi tr i s nn khi tm lin h gia
chng phi tm lin h c ln v v du. Cn hng dn hc sinh tm hiu
li v tc dng ca rng rc hc cp THCS (trng hp rng rc l
tng)
B qua khi lng ca rng rc, ca dy v ma st rng rc: T
1
= 2T
2

Dy khng dn: a
2
= - 2a
1

T (1): 2T
2
m
1
g = m
1
a
1

T (2): T
2
m
2
g = - 2m
2
a
1

m
2

m
1
1
T
2
T
2
P
1
P
x
O

nn g
m 4 m
m m 2
a
a m 4 g m 2 T 2
a m g m T 2
2 1
1 2
1
1 2 2 2
1 1 1 2
+
=
=

a/ Vi m
2
= 1kg.
a
1
= - 2,5(m/s
2
)

1
a ngc hng Ox
Ban u m
1
vt ng yn nn chuyn ng thng nhanh dn u ngc chiu
Ox (t trn xung)
b/ Vi m
2
= 2kg.
a
1
= 0
Ban u m
1
vt ng yn nn vn ng yn.
c/ Vi m
2
= 3kg.
a
1
= 1,25(m/s
2
)

1
a cng hng Ox
Ban u m
1
vt ng yn nn chuyn ng thng nhanh dn u cng chiu
Ox (t di ln)

V d 2: Cho h vt nh hnh v
mt phng nghing di 8m c gc nghing so vi phng ngang l = 30
0
,
khi lng vt m
1
= 3kg. B qua khi lng ca cc rng rc, ca dy, ma st
rng rc, dy khng dn. Ly g = 10m/s
2
.
a/ Vi m
2
= 2kg, B qua ma st gia m
1
mt phng nghing. Ban u m
1

ng yn chn mt phng nghing. Hy tm thi gian m
1
i ht mt
phng nghing.
b/ Vi h s ma st ngh gia vt m
1
v mt phng nghing l
3 2
1
= Hy
tm cc gi tr ca m
2
m
1
vn ng yn.
Gii

Trong bi ny hai vt chuyn ng theo hai phng khc nhau, nn
gio vin hng dn vic chn h ta cho tng vt v cn ch n chiu
1
N
1
P
1
T
2
T
2
P
O
1
y
1
x
1
m
1
O
2
x
2
m
2


cc ta quan h gia du ca cc gia tc c n gin nht. Gio
vin hng dn hc sinh gii bi tp theo cc thao tc nu trn.
Chn h quy chiu gn vi mt t:
i vi m
1
: Ta O
1
x
1
y
1
c
O
1
x
1
phng song song mt phng nghing, chiu t chn ln nh mt
phng nghing
O
1
y
1
phng thng ng vung gc vi mt phng nghing, chiu t mt
phng nghing ln phn trn.
i vi m
2
: Ta mt O
2
x
2
phng thng ng, chiu t trn xung di.
a/ Vi m
2
= 2kg, B qua ma st gia m
1
mt phng nghing. Ban u m
1

ng yn chn mt phng nghing.
Cc lc tc dng vo m
1
:

Trng lc: Phn p lc: Lc cng dy:
hl
=

1 1 1 1 1
a m T N P = + +
Chiu ln O
1
y
1
: N
1
P
1
cos = m
1
a
1
N
1
= P
1
cos
Chiu ln O
1
x
1
: T
1
P
1
sin = m
1
a
1
(1)
Cc lc tc dng vo m
2
:

Trng lc: Lc cng dy:
hl
=

2 2 2 2
a m T P = +
Chiu ln O
1
x
1
: P
2
T
2
= m
2
a
2
(2)
B qua khi lng ca cc rng rc, ca dy, ma st rng rc: T
1
= T
2

Dy khng dn: a
1
= a
2

T (1) v (2) ( )
2
2 1
1 2
s / m 1
m m
) sin m m .( g
a =
+

=
Ban u m
1
ng yn v c gia tc khc 0 m
1
chuyn ng thng nhanh
dn u.
p dng cng thc:
2
0
t . a
2
1
t v S + =
Khi ln n nh th S = l = 8m
) s ( 4 t
a
S 2
t 0 v
0
= = =

b/ Vi h s ma st ngh gia vt m
1
v mt phng nghing l
3 2
1
=
Khi m
1
ng yn, lc ma st tc dng m mt phng nghing tc dng
1
P
1
N
1
T
2
P
2
T

m
1
l lc ma st ngh c phng song song vi mt phng nghing. Cn
hng dn hc sinh phn tch hin tng xc nh chiu ca lc ma st.
Vi nhng gi tr nh ca m
2
th m
1
c xu hng chuyn ng xung chn
mt phng nghing, vi nhng gi tr kh ln ca m
2
th m
1
c xu hng
chuyn ng ln nh mt phng nghing. Nh vy lc ma st ngh ny c
th c hai chiu. v vy hng dn hc sinh theo trng hp ny ca lc ma
st ngh: gii theo mt chiu no ca lc ma st ri dng c im ca
lc ma st ngh l: F
ms
.N

Cc lc tc dng vo m
1
:

Trng lc: Phn p lc:

Lc cng dy: Lc ma st ngh
Vt m
1
ng yn: 0 F T N P
ma 1 1 1
= + + +
Chiu ln O
1
x
1
: T
1
P
1
sin - F
ms
= 0 (3)
Chiu ln O
1
y
1
: N
1
P
1
cos = 0 (4)

Cc lc tc dng vo m
2
:

Trng lc: Lc cng dy:
Dy khng dn nn m
2
cng ng yn: 0 T P
2 2
= +
Chiu ln O
1
x
1
: P
2
T
2
= 0 (5)
B qua khi lng ca cc rng rc, ca dy, ma st rng rc: T
1
= T
2

T (3); (4) v (5): N
1
= P
1
cos
F
ms
= m
2
g m
1
g.sin
F
ms
: Lc ma st ngh nn: F
ms
.N
m
2
g - m
1
g.sin . m
1
g.cos N
m
1
.sin - .m
1
.cos m
2
m
1
.sin + .m
1
.cos
0,75kg m
2
2,25kg
1
P
1
N
1
T
2
P
2
T
ms
F
1
N
1
P
1
T
2
T
2
P
O
1
y
1
x
1
m
1
O
2
x
2
m
2

ms
F


Phn III: KT LUN

1/Kt qu thc hin ti:
Trc mt thc trng trong hc sinh khi hc THCS, vic hc b mn
vt l vn cha c coi trng (coi l mn ph, c bit l t khi b thi tt
nghip THCS) nn hc sinh khi bc vo cp THPT, t l hc sinh bit cch
hc tp b mn vt l rt thp, Vic vn dng kin thc ton hc vo hc tp
b mn vt l ni chung v gii cc bi tp vt l ni ring gp rt nhiu kh
khn, K nng thc hin cc thao tc t duy c trng trong hc tp vt l rt
km. Ti suy ngh l lm sao gip cho hc sinh c k nng hc tp b
mn, pht trin c t duy vt l, lm hc sinh say m vi b mn vt l l
b mn khoa hc rt c gi tr cho bn thn cc hc sinh sau ny trong t
duy, suy lun cc vn ca cuc sng mt cch khoa hc, v logc, gip
mi con ngi thc hin nhim v ca bn thn vi s say m, c c sng
to c li v t c nng sut, cht lng cao. Tng phn, tng chng ti
lun suy ngh v a ra nhng gii php gip hc sinh thc hin nhim v
hc tp mt cch thun li, trnh cho hc sinh c cm gic s b mn vt l.
Trn c s to cho hc sinh s say m hc tp v hc tp tt b mn vt
l. Sau nhiu nm thc hin ti ny cc lp hc sinh ti trng THPT
Tin L. Ti nhn thy vic hc tp b mn Vt l si ni hn v hc sinh c
kh nng vn dng kin thc Vt l ni chung v vic gii cc bi ton v v
ng truyn ca nh sng kh thun thc. T duy vt l ca hc sinh c
nng cao mt bc, vic kt hp kin thc ton hc vo gii bi tp vt l
khng cn l kh khn cho hc sinh. Cc thao tc t duy c trng trong hc
tp b mn vt l ni chung c hc sinh tin hnh thun li v linh hot.
V vy kt qu hc tp ca hc sinh lp 10 ca trng t kh cao:

Thng k kt qu trin khai ti qua cc nm hc:

Nm hc: 2005 2006
Ni dung thng k Lp chn Lp i tr
T l hc sinh bit cch xc nh loi bi, trin
khai c cc thao tc khi gii bi tp phn ng
lc hc cht im
100% 100%
T l hc sinh bit cch vn dng vo gii cc bi
tp c bn ca chng ng lc hc cht im.
100% 85%
T l hc sinh vn dng cch gii trn vo cc bi
ton nng cao
85% 60%
T l hc sinh vn dng c cch gii trn trong
pht trin t duy Vt l
50% 20%


Nm hc: 2007 2008
lc hc cht im
100% 100%
100% 80%
ton nng cao
80% 62%
pht trin t duy Vt l
45% 22%

Nm hc: 2008 2009
lc hc cht im
100% 100%
100% 87%
ton nng cao
88% 62%
pht trin t duy Vt l
55% 24%

Nm hc: 2009 2010
lc hc cht im
100% 100%
100% 88%
ton nng cao
86% 65%
pht trin t duy Vt l
60% 30%

2/ Li bnh:
Qua nhng nm vn dng phng php hng dn hc sinh gii bi tp
Vt l phn ng lc hc cht im, ti nhn thy k nng thc hin cc thao
tc trong hc tp Vt l c nng cao r rt v gp phn ng k vo pht

trin t duy c trng ca b mn Vt l ni ring cng nh pht trin t duy
khoa hc ni chung cho hc sinh. Ti thit ngh, vi mi gio vin c tm
huyt vi gio dc ni chung, v vi nhng gio vin Vt l ni ring cn
phi tm ti, suy ngh v nghip v s phm, sng to c t nhiu trong
cng vic ca bn thn. Vic ng gp rt nhiu cho s nghip gio
dc ca tnh nh v ca t nc. Mun t c th cn phi c s yu
ngh, tm huyt vi b mn chn. c bit cn phi c s lao ng bn b,
say sa c th lm ny sinh nhng sng to ng k cho bn thn v c
gi tr cho s nghip gio dc v o to nhng th h mi l tng lai ca
t nc.

3/ Hng pht trin ca ti:
+ ti ny to cho hc sinh nhng nh hng, cc thao tc cn thc
hin khi c nhim v gii quyt cc bi tp phn ng lc hc cht im
lp 10, chun b rt t cho hc sinh khi hc phn c hc chng trnh vt l
lp 12, l phn kin thc quan trng c s dng nhiu trong cc k thi.
c bit l k thi i hc, cao ng, l k thi quan trng nht ca cuc i
ca mi hc sinh. Vi cch hng dn nh trn cung cp cho ngi hc
nhng thao tc chnh ca vic suy ngh, t duy trong tng cng vic c th
gii quyt tng nhim v ca cc bi ton phn ny. Trong thi gian ti ti s
tip tc nghin cu vn dng cch hng dn hc sinh nh trn vo cc
loi bi ton nng cao, chuyn su, yu cu s vn dng kin thc phc tp.
+ Trn y l nhng suy ngh ca c nhn ti v mt vn c th, t nhiu
cng mang tnh ch quan v khng th trnh khi nhng sai st.
Rt mong c s nh gi, gp ca cc ng nghip.

Tin L, ngy 15 thng 05 nm 2010
Ngi vit

V Xun Lp.

GiaiB Lap THPT TienLu

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Phng php gii bi ton ng lc hc cht im

V Xun Lp Trng THPT Tin L - Hng Yn - 1 -

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