Form 4

(Version 2012)
Topic 4
MASTER
in
by
NgKL
(M.Ed.,B.Sc.Hons.Dip.Ed.,Dip.Edu.Mgt.,Cert.NPQH.)
2
TOPIC 4 SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS
4.1 IMPOTANT NOTES!
4.1.1 Si"#$%&neo#s E'#&%ions In T(o Un)no(ns (V&ri&b$es)!
One is linear equation and the other one is non-linear equation.
4.1.2 Line&r E'#&%ion is an algebraic equation, in which the variable (unknown) or variables (unknowns) are
of the *irs% +e,ree (that is, the power to its variable or variables is one).
!a"ple# x + 2y !" 2x # $y %" x %" y # &
Other equations which do not have the characteristics as "entioned for a linear equation are
categorised as Non-Line&r E'#&%ions.
!a"ple# x
2
+ y
2
' $x + &y + ( )" xy + &y 2"
2
1 1
= +
y x
, y 2x
2
' $" etc.
$o solve these kind of si"ultaneous equations is b% S#bs%i%#%ion Me%.o+.
4.1./ S%e0s %o so$1e %.e si"#$%&neo#s e'#&%ions2
1. &dentif% the linear equation.
!a"ple# x + 2y * ..........(*) +,is is t,e -ine.r e/u.tion.
2x
2
+ y
2
% ..........(2)
2. !press one of the unknowns in the linear equation in ter"s of the other unknown.
!a"ple# x * ' 2y ......... (&) or 2y * ' x
y
2
1 x
..........(&)
/. 'ubstitute the unknown e!pressed in 'tep 2 into the non-linear equation to obtain a quadratic
equation of the other unknown.
!a"ple# (() (2) 2(1 ) 2%)
2
* %
2
+ 4
2(1 ) 4% * 4%
2
) * %
2
+ ,
2 ) -% * -%
2
* %
2
) , + .
/%
2
) -% ) 0 + . 0 /u.dr.tic e/u.tion
4. 'olve the quadratic equation to obtain the values of the unknown b% one of the three "ethods1
(a) 2actorisation, (! * a)(! * b) + .1 onl% if the equation can be factorised.
(b) 3o"pleting square, ('tudied in $opic 2, 4uadratic quation).
(c) 4uadratic for"ula, x or y
.
.c 1 1
2
4
2

=

5efer to the quadratic equation obtained in 'tep (, list the values of &, b and 3.
& 4 56 b 4 7 86 3 4 79 substitute these values into the for"ula.
%
) 2 ( 2
) $ )( 2 ( !
2
) ( ( ) ( (
=
% +
*(
2!! ( +
1 % + 1.(12 ( in 4 s.f)
%
*(
*() 3! ( +
= % +
*(
2!! (
1 % + 6 ,.72. (in 4 s.f)
9. 'ubstitute each of the % values obtained into equation (() to find the each of the : values1
y *.&*2" x * ' 2(*.&*2) #*.3! 4
y #%.32)" x * ' 2(#%.32) *3.2 !4

E:er3ise 4.1
(b) 'olve the following si"ultaneous equations
x + y = 7
xy = 10
(c) 'olve the following si"ultaneous equations# &x + 2y x
2
+ y
2
+ xy %
1. &dentif% whether each of the following equations is a $ine&r equation or a non-$ine&r equation.
No. E'#&%ion Ans(er No. E'#&%ion Ans(er
1. !x + y ( ;.
*
$
y
&
x
= +
2. (x ' 2)
2
+ ( ) <.
*
y
3
x
2
=
/. x + y ' 2 ) 8. x + 2y ' *$ )
4. x
2
' *) 2y 5. 2y + 2x %
9. &(2 + x
2
) + xy ) 10. & y &
x
y 2
=
2. 'tate the respective value of &6 b and 3 in the following quadratic equations.
No. Q#&+r&%i3 E'#&%ion & b 3
1. x
2
+ &x + 3 )
2. $y
2
' **y + ( )
/. &5
2
+ !5 ' & *)
4. 2x
2
' px + 2x + p + % )
9. 6
2
+ 2 26 + *$
4.2 SOLVIN= SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS
(a) 'olve the following si"ultaneous equations
3x y + 6 = 0
2x
2
+ y
2
= 11
(
4./ APPLICATION > PO?LEM SOLVIN=
1. E:&"0$e !
8 glass "erchant was asked to prepare a rectangle glass cover of a table which has an area of - "
2
and peri"eter of 12 ". 2ind the possible length and the width of the rectangle glass that the
"erchant has to prepare.
So$#%ion
x
y
xy = 8 ........................... (1)
2x + 2y= 12 ............................(2)
x + y = 6
From (2 x = 6 y ............................... (3)
(3) (1) (6 y)y = 8 y =
2
4 7
6y y
2
= 8 y = 4 or 2
6y y
2
8 = 0 y = 4, x = 6 4 = 2
y
2
6y + 8 = 0 y = 2, x = 6 2 = 4
a = 1; b = 6 ; c = 8
y =
) 1 ( 2
) - )( 1 ( 4
2
) 7 ( ) 7 (
An!"r# x = 2, y = 4 ; x = 4, y = 2
$

2. E:&"0$e #
8 straight line ! * % ) 4 + . intersects a curve !
!
* %
2
) !% +(1 at two different points. 2ind the
coordinates of the two points.
So$#%ion#
! * % ' ! ) ........................ (*) or . *" 1 7 !" c 7 $
x
2
+ y
2
7 xy &* ...................... (2) y
) 1 ( 2
) 0 )( 1 ( 4
2
) 4 ( ) 4 (
(1) x = 4 y ...................... (3) y = 1 or %
(3) (1) (4 y)
2
+ y
2
(4 y)y = 31 y = 1, x = 4 (1) = %
16 8y + y
2
+ y
2
4y + y
2
= 31 y = %, x = 4 % = 1
3y
2
12y 1% = 0
& 3 y
2
4y % = 0 '(" coor)*na+" ,o*n+# (%, 1); (1, % )
$
(y + 1)(y %) = 0
y = 1 or y = %
x = % or x = 1
.
4

8rea + !% .................. (1)
9eri"eter + 2! * 2% .................. (2)
E:er3ise 4.2
0
1. 0 piece o8 9ire o8 -engt, !! c5 is 1ent to 8or5 . rect.ng-e 9it, sides o8 (x ' $) c5 .nd (y + &) c5.
+,e .re. o8 t,e rect.ng-e 8or5ed is **2 c5
2
. :ind t,e possi1-e ;.-ues o8 x .nd y.
2. 8 straight line % + 2! * - intersects a curve px + y
2
) .t point -(/, !) .nd point .. F*n) +(" /a01" o2 ,
an) 3 an) +(" coor)*na+" o2 ,o*n+ .

1. 2004 > P&0er 2A > Q1
'olve the si"ultaneous equations p ' / 2 and p
2
+ 2/ (. :0 "arks;
2. 2009 > P&0er 2A > Q1
'olve the si"ultaneous equations# ! +
2
*
y * and %
2
' *) 2x. :0
"arks;

PAST @EA SPM QUESTIONS 7
:0 "arks;
/. 200; > P&0er 2A > Q1
,
4. 200< > P&0er 2A > Q1
'olve the si"ultaneous equations 2y ' x ' & ), 2y
2
' *)y + x + 2 ).
'olve the si"ultaneous equations x + 2y * and x
2
+ 2y
2
+ xy $.
<ive %our answers correct to three deci"al places. :0
"arks;
9. 2008 > P&0er 2A > Q1
'olve the following si"ultaneous equations#
-

#&x + y + ! )
xy + y
2
' !) ) :0
"arks;
;. 2005 > P&0er 2A > Q1
'olve the si"ultaneous equations 6 ' &p #* and p + p6 ' 26 ). <ive %our answers correct to three deci"al
places. :0
"arks;
/
<. 2010 P&0er 2A > Q1
'olve the si"ultaneous equations x 7 2y % and !y ' x 2y.. <ive %our answers correct to two deci"al places.
:0 "arks;

8. 2011 > P&0er 2A > Q1
'olve the si"ultaneous equations y ' 2x + * ) and !x
2
+ &y
2
' 2xy %
<ive the answers correct to three deci"al places. :0
"arks;

1.