Post-NPM&

Governance
Public Administration
Governance
New Public
Management
Economics
Cooperation
Strategy Development
International Relations
Public Polices
1
Delawar Barekzai
Global Public Policy and Governance
International Freelance Consultant
Contact: dbarekzai@eml.cc
dbarekzai@gmail.com
Topic of Discussion
Needs for Post-NPM reforms
Post-NPM Developments
- Elements of Post-NPM reforms
The emergence of concept of Governance
Differences of Governance & NPM
Similarities of Governance & NPM
Questions for Discussion
How does the governance perspective
relate to post-NPM developments?
Governance
New Public
Management
Economics
Cooperation
Strategy Development
2
Adverse Effects of NPM Elements and
Needs for Post-NPM developments
Governance
New Public
Management
Economics
Cooperation
Strategy Development
A central feature of NPM ideology was its prescription of a new public-
sector focus on efficiency, structural devolution, disaggregation,
competition, management principles and increased use of contracts.
Structural
Devolution
Formalleversof
steeringwere
weakened
PoliticalSignals
becomeweaker
Disaggregation
The distance to
the agencies grew
Others
Complexsystems
andpolicycomplexity
3
Governance
New Public
Management
Economics
Cooperation
Strategy Development
OtherUnintended
Effects
Culturalsurprises
OtherUnintended
Effects
Discontinuities
OtherUnintended
Effects
Non-linearities
Adverse Effects of NPM Elements and
Needs for Post-NPM developments
4
Post-NPM Reforms
The second generation or post-NPM reforms
Governance
New Public
Management
Economics
Cooperation
Strategy Development
5
Governance & NPM
Governanceisapolitical
theory
Matter of a difference in
processes
Maintaining public-sector
resources under some degree
of political control
High ultimate legacy
Process sensitive to its
political and cultural
environment,
NPMisanorganizational
theory
Anephemeralthemelikelyto
fade
Paradigmshift
Lowultimatelegacy
NPMtoolsappeartobefound
ratherbroadly,
Governance New Public Management
Governance
New Public
Management
Economics
Cooperation
Strategy Development
6
Post-NPMDevelopment&Governance
(1) Hypothesis: If the governance perspectives are only policy
organization, control of resources on political level and steering
then the concept of governance is the result of Post-NPM reforms.
Governance
New Public
Management
Economics
Cooperation
Strategy Development
7
Governance
New Public
Management
Economics
Cooperation
Strategy Development
Post-NPMDevelopment&Governance
(2) Hypothesis: If the governance perspectives are more than
policy organization, control of resources on political level and
steering, then NPM including its post-reform implies specific types
of management tools which operate within the propositions of
governance.
Governance Structure
NPM Strategies
Institutions, actors from and
beyond government
Flexibility to explore alternatives to
direct public provisions and
regulation that might yield more
cost-effective policy outcomes.
8
Governance
New Public
Management
Economics
Cooperation
Strategy Development
Cont
Empirical relationship:
The lower the level of competition, the less likely efficiency will be achieved.
Blurring boundaries,
responsibilities for solving
social and economic
problems
Replacement of centralized, hierarchical
structures with decentralized
environments; resource allocation and
service delivery decisions make closer
to point of delivery.
Governance Structure
NPM Strategies
Empirical relationship:
The greater the level of decentralization, the more difficult it becomes to match
service objectives to program goals.
Power dependence in
institutional relationships
Negotiated allocation and
sharing of resources; clear
and measurable outcome
measures.
Governance Structure NPM Strategies
9
Governance
New Public
Management
Economics
Cooperation
Strategy Development
Empirical relationship:
The greater the interdependence among network actors, the greater the likelihood of
coordination barriers, game-playing, subversion, creaming & opportunism.
Autonomous self-governing
networks
Accountability mechanisms
Governance Structure
NPM Strategies
Cont
Empirical relationship:
The stronger the feedback loop from clients and other interested
groups, the better public agencies will be able to manage networks.
Capacity to act not
dependent upon government
authority or legitimacy
Public institutions design of
program structures includes
reversibility, feedback to
citizens, and experimentation.
Governance Structure
NPM Strategies
10
The greater the reliance on network partnerships beyond the
scope of public institutions, the greater the need for a
centralized monitoring structure with funding and program
design authority.
Governance
New Public
Management
Economics
Cooperation
Strategy Development
Empirical relationship:
Cont
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Governance
New Public
Management
Economics
Cooperation
Strategy Development
Question forDiscussion
New processes and methods of governing has opened up for and at
the same time challenging the role of the state by creating new
conditions for organizing society. What is your stand to discuss this
issue?
Are national reform processes and the two generations of reforms, in
both a short- and a long-term perspective, characterized by similarity
in general reform patterns, or rather by variety and divergence
engendered by national differences in environmental, cultural and
politicaladministrative context?
1
st
Question
2
nd
Question
12
Delawar Barekzai
Global Public Policy and Governance
International Freelance Consultant
Governance
New Public
Management
Economics
Cooperation
Strategy Development
13