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Psychological InterventionNeo Freudian theoryCarl Jung Psychoanalytic theory
 
Carl Jung Psychotherapy
July 26, 1875 - June 6, 1961Introduction 
Jungian therapy (“J-analysis”) is a face-to -ace psychoanalytic psychotherapy based on psychodynamic principles elaborated by the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung after his break with Freud and classical psychoanalysis around 1912. In sharp contrast to the rarely psychoanalytic model of the mind restricted to instinct, drive, and defense, Jung postulatedan innate, irreducible, and thus additional psychic need to apprehend meaning and to expressit symbolically. This need most commonly generates a religious impulse that cannot in everycase be derived from (nor need always be a defense against conflict with) the biologicaldrives. When ignored or blocked, this need can produce not only unhappiness, but psychological distress and eventually overt symptoms.
Jung considered the now-widespread dismissal of religion as driven less by rational disillusionment than byhubris.Classical Jungian therapy therefore aims at promoting an “individuation process”marked by an individually determined interior experience of a markedly mysticalcharacter.
Jungian scholarship incorporates and interprets a vast, world-spanning body of mythological, religious, mystical, and occult references. Jungian ideas are widely embracedwithin artistic, literary, religious, and personal circles, but remain largely peripheral toacademic psychology and psychiatry.
Jung anticipated many later trends: “ego-psychology”, which defines, and focuses treatment towardexpanding a defense-free domain of the ego: the ideas of Otto Rank, who similarly focused on freewill; Heinz Kohut with his emphasis on a “self” developed out of “normal narcissism”; HansLeowald’s re-evaluation of regression as not merely restorative but creative; and Abraham Maslow’snotion of “self-realization”. Today’s easy blending parallels Jung’s approach-and was in large part,fostered by it.
 
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Psychological InterventionNeo Freudian theoryCarl Jung Psychoanalytic theory
Jung's Methods in Psychotherapy
Jung's method in psychotherapy follows the Freud's one, as he often admitted. In rare cases, inwhich Freudian approach of the soul is not sufficient, Jung applies also other methods thatshould guide the patient to a personal confrontation with thecollective unconscious, and witharchetypes. This confrontation aims the assimilation of archetypal images, in one word the individuation, an extensive process that leads to the realization of a psychic totality thatincludes equally the conscious and the unconscious. In common terms, it is all about anextension of the conscious mind which includes therefore the archetypal materials.The main methods of Jungian therapy are as follow:
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Free Associations Test
Test used in psychotherapeutic treatment that consists of recording the average response timeto certain stimulus-words. The patient is asked to answer to the inducted words pronounced by the analyst with any word that comes to his mind. The response time can be an indicator of the constellated unconscious complexes.
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Dream Analysis
Up to a point, it follows Freud's method: free associations, subject level, retrospectiveinterpretation. But Jung added several other new ideas as well:
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Amplification of dream content,ii.The idea that the dream is a compensation of ego's unilateral attitudeiii.The idea of the oneiric message's finality
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Active Imagination
Let all the things flow. Let inner fantasies flow freely but not as a detached and contemplativeviewer, nor as a psychotherapist, but as an actor that takes part in the fantasies, that plays arole in them. The fantasies are products of the unconscious and must be fully integrated in our conscious mind.
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Symbol Analysis
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It aims at the integration of the unconscious psyche and the extension of conscious.
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Analysis of Oneiric Symbols
The symbol analysis is a basic component of Jung's analytical method. He devoted thissubject a great number of works among which we mention: Psychology and Alchemy.The symbols often appear in dreams and this is why they requestthe analyst's contribution to their decrypting. Unlike Freud, whoreduces almost all oneiric symbols to sexuality, Jung claims thatthe symbols are indications of thecollective unconsciousarchetypesand especially of theSelf (the archetype of the center).  Notes:Jung introduces the notion of amplificationin the effort of dreaminterpretation. The analyst participates with his vast knowledge tothe deciphering of the oneiric symbols' psychological signification.This knowledge is extracted from astrology, alchemy, mythology,history of religions, etc.Jung devoted the rest of his life to developing his ideas, especially those on the relation between psychology and religion. In his view, obscure and often neglected texts of writers in
 
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Psychological InterventionNeo Freudian theoryCarl Jung Psychoanalytic theory
the past shed unexpected light not only on Jung's own dreams and fantasies but also on thoseof his patients..
Jung’s Influence
Jung has had an enduring influence on psychology as well as wider society. He has influenced psychotherapy, introducing:
The concept of introversion vs. extraversion
The concept of the complex
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was inspired by Jung's psychological typestheory
Socionics, similar to MBTI, is also based on Jung's psychological types.
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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
assessment is a psychometricquestionnaire designed to identify certain psychological differences according to thetypological theories of Carl Gustav Jungas published in his 1921 book Psychological Types(English edition, 1923). The original developers of the personality inventorywere Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter,Isabel Briggs Myers. They initiallycreated the indicator duringWorld War II,believing that a knowledge of personality preferences would help women who were entering the industrial workforce for the firsttime identify the sort of war-time jobs where they would be "most comfortable andeffective".
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Socionics
is a theory of personality and interpersonal interaction based onCarl Jung'swork on Psychological Types,Freud's theory of theconsciousandsubconscious mind, andAntoni Kępiński's theory of information metabolism. The theory was developed mainly by theLithuanianresearcher Aušra Augustinavičiūtėin the 1970s and 80s, and continues to develop today. The name socionics is derived from the word "society",since Augustinavičiūtė believed that each personality type has a distinct purpose insociety, which can be described and explained by socionics.
Central to socionics is the idea that a person's psyche processes information using"psychological functions."
Different orderings of these functions result in differentways of perceiving, processing, and producing information, which in turn result indistinct thinking patterns, values, behavior,and thus different personality types.Socionics also includes a theory of intertype relations which examines the interaction of these functions among types. 
Spirituality as a cure for alcoholism
Jung also played a role in the development of Alcoholics Anonymous. For example, Jungonce treated an American patient (Rowland H.) suffering from chronic alcoholism. After working with the patient for some time, and achieving no significant progress, Jung told theman that his alcoholic condition was near to hopeless, save only the possibility of a spiritualexperience. Jung noted that occasionally such experiences had been known to reformalcoholics where all else had failed. Rowland took Jung's advice seriously and setabout seeking a personal spiritual experience. He returned home to the United States and joined a Christian evangelical church. He also told other alcoholics what Jung had told him about the importance of a spiritual experience. One of  the alcoholics he told was Ebby Thatcher, a long-time friend and drinking buddy of BillWilson, later co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Thatcher told Wilson about Jung'sideas. Wilson, who was finding it impossible to maintain sobriety, was impressed and sought
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