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“Bringing you national and global economic trends for over 25 years”
Economic and Market
Halloween Horrors!!!?
Despite months of persistent improvements in most economic reports, earnings releases, andfinancial markets, Wall Street Halloween Horrors remain as prevalent as ever. The ghost of theGreat Depression seems to have recently vanished—at least for now. TARP, TALF, and PIPP nolonger turn investors’ blood as cold. And, the Fed has stopped suffering from the nightly “too bigto fail systemic risk” nightmare.However, Wall Street still worries over plenty of bogeymen. In the dark of the Halloween season,we thought it may be useful to take a few of these “out of the closet” and examine them in thelight of day. What follows are some of our thoughts surrounding Wall Street’s current Biggest &Baddest Bogeymen!
The Stock Market Is Far Ahead Of Economic Fundamentals!?!
Most believe the stock market recovery is overextended and has far outstripped improvement inthe economic fundamentals. We think it has been just the opposite. Economic improvements in thelast seven months have been more pronounced than most anyone expected, which has pulled thestock market chronically higher.In the March quarter, annualized real GDP growth declined at a 6.4 percent rate. In the just-endedSeptember quarter, real GDP growth rose at 3.5 percent. Therefore, in only six months, realeconomic growth has improved by almost 10 percentage points—far faster than a consensus soldon depression could fathom! At the start of this year, both the services sector and manufacturingsector ISM surveys were close to record lows while both are currently back above the 50 percentexpansion level. After collapsing for years, several housing reports show an industry that isimproving. Existing family home sales have surged by 24 percent from January lows, new singlefamily housing starts have risen in six of the last seven months by more than 40 percent, andthe Case-Shiller home price index has increased for the last four consecutive months! Ex-autoretail sales, after freefalling in 2008, have increased in six of the last nine months and are up byslightly more than 3 percent year to date! Corporate profits have risen each quarter this year, andcompany reports have exceeded expectations in every quarter. Finally, the surge in the U.S. leadingeconomic indicators index since its March low can only be described as “V-shaped”!This is not a stock market ahead of its fundamentals—it is a cultural mindset that simply can notprocess how fast the economy has recovered from the “depression” the nation was sold on andaccepted we were in. It is Wall Street wisdom reeling from the classic “bait and switch”—told adepression was coming only to find out a recovery had arrived. The shock of the Lehman collapseone year ago has been equaled by the shock of a postcrisis economic recovery!!??
The U.S. Consumer Is Severely Impaired And Will Not RecoverQuickly!??
Many U.S. household balance sheets are probably weaker than any time since WWII. The savingsrate has been declining since the mid-1980s, debt-to-income ratios are at record highs, and bothhousing values and stock investments have been hit hard! Moreover, foreclosures, defaults, and job losses are still evident. For these reasons, the consumer may be slow to recover and perhapscontribute less to overall growth compared to recent recoveries. However, the magnitude of consumer impairment and the degree to which they will prove a sluggish economic force areprobably overstated.First, many of the negatives facing the household sector are common to every recession. Almost allpast recessions have been characterized by job losses, debt defaults, declining incomes, and falling
In This Issue:Econ Fundamentals“Ahead” Of The Market!!!Job Creation To ReturnSoon!!?Household Burdens HaveEASED!!!?Hardly A LOST DECADE!?!Not Just A “Cash ForClunkers” Recovery!!??Bank Borrowing To ReturnIn 2010!??!U.S. Manufacturing ...Lean, Mean, And Ready!!!Cyclical Or DefensiveStocks???!
November 2009
2009-Issue 6
 
Economic & Market Perspective
stock prices. Despite similar headwinds in past recessions,many were followed by strong periods of household spendinggrowth. In 1982 the unemployment rate reached a postwarhigh of 10.8 percent, and the 1975 recession suffered nearlyas large of a stock market decline, and yet, both ensuingrecoveries were characterized by strong consumption.Households always face severe challenges during recessions,and this has not necessarily implied a weak performance in theeventual recovery.Second, while the U.S. household sector is facing a record-highdebt-service burden, it is also enjoying one of the lowest energyburdens in the last 40 years. The U.S. household financialobligations ratio (i.e., principle and interest payments, leasepayments, rental payments, and homeowner property taxesand insurance payments as a percent of disposable personalincome) rose from 16 percent in 1980 to almost 19 percent byearly 2008. However, what is less appreciated is the householdenergy obligations ratio (i.e., household energy goods andservices purchases as a percent of disposable personal income)“declined” from 8 percent in 1980 to a low of about 3.5 percentby 2002. Consequently, the “total” household obligationsburden (i.e., debt and energy) declined sharply and steadilyuntil the early 2000s and remained below its 1980 peak until2007 when the “energy burden” spiked. Between 2000 and itspeak in 2008, the household debt burden only rose by about 1percent while the energy burden rose by about 2.5 percent!Although it rose only about 1 percent in recent years, mostseem to believe a mountainous debt burden is what broughtdown the mighty U.S. consumer. If this assumption is correct,the household probably faces a slow and arduous process torevitalization since debt problems often can only be eliminatedslowly over time. However, if surging energy prices, ratherthan debt loads, is what pushed consumers over the edge,the rapid decline in energy prices since then may well reviveconsumer spending far faster than most now anticipate. The“total” U.S. household obligations ratio (debt and energy)peaked in early 2008 at about 25 percent and has alreadydeclined by 2.5 percent—a level it was at in 2000 and alevel that is less than it was throughout the 1980s! Mostunderappreciate (if not ignore) how much the “total” householdburden has already improved. A smaller household burdenmixed with some job creation may quickly and surprisinglyrevive the old U.S. consumer spirit in 2010.Third, household net worth has already begun to recover,increasing by almost $2 trillion in the second quarter. Since boththe stock market and the Case-Shiller home price index have risensince summer, household net worth also rose in the third quarter.Fourth, the U.S. economy will likely begin creating jobs againby early next year. Several indicators suggest a near-term returnto positive payrolls. Initial unemployment insurance claimshave been declining steadily since their spring peak, continuingunemployment claims have also begun to lessen significantly,Challenger U.S. job-cut announcements have returned toprecrisis levels in recent months, the number of U.S. temporaryworkers has stopped declining in the last several months,and monthly payroll employment losses have diminishedsignificantly compared to earlier this year. Most important,corporate profits have far outpaced expectations during each of the first three quarters of this year! Ultimately, it is profits thatcreate jobs—and profits are back!Finally, even if the U.S. consumer is slow to embrace therecovery and proves a weaker force compared to the past, theU.S. economy has a partial replacement—the emerging worldconsumer! At the start of the last recovery, emerging worldconsumption in U.S. dollar terms was less than 60 percent of U.S. consumption. By the end of this year, emerging economyconsumption will be nearly equal to domestic consumption. Theemerging world houses a young demographic consumer forcewith high savings, low debt, and strong desires and is an assetthat the U.S. economy has not previously enjoyed.
Banks Won’t Lend ...... Consumers,Businesses Can’t Borrow???!
Although total U.S. private debt growth has been anemic duringthis recession, it has not represented an all-time postwar recordcontraction in borrowing. According to the Federal Reserve’sFlow of Funds report, the annual contraction in total privatesector real debt growth through the second quarter was about 1.6percent, which is no worse than it was during the 1975, 1980,and 1991 recessions. Moreover, according to Bloomberg data,new bond proceeds raised to date this year among investment-grade companies have been stronger than any year in this decadeexcept for 2006 and 2007, and junk companies have been able toissue more bonds so far this year than half the years since 2000!Bank lending should improve by early next year. Bank profitability has returned, credit quality has improved due toa return to positive real GDP growth and to rising stock andhome prices, the fundamental banking operating environmentis favorable (i.e., wide lending spreads, a steep yield curve,and cheap deposit rates), charge-offs should begin to diminish,and finally, some banks are enjoying “write-ups” of bondassets previously written down. Despite increasing torrents of governmental oversight and regulatory reforms, fundamentalbank improvements should help increase banks’ willingness tolend in the new year.Two factors should also improve demand for bank loans in thecoming year—a revival in job creation and a rebuild of businessinventories. In the aftermath of both the 1991 and 2001 recessions,total consumer bank loans declined until job creation returned.Likewise, business bank loans are traditionally tied to inventorycycles, which should rise soon since real GDP is growing again.
Is The Recession Really Over?
Despite a positive quarter of real GDP growth, many stillquestion whether the recession has really ended. Isn’t the U.S.still suffering job losses? Isn’t commercial real estate likely toget worse? Aren’t foreclosures still rising and banks still failing?
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November 2009
There will be more bad economic news as there is at the endof every recession. Many economic indicators are “lagging”events that often weaken further even though the overalleconomy clearly begins to recover. Job losses typically do notend until “after” profits and real GDP growth turn positiveagain, and the U.S. unemployment rate will likely peak above10 percent perhaps as late as mid-2010. Commercial realestate activity peaked long after the recession began and itwill bottom long after the recession ends. As is typical of pasteconomic cycles, defaults and foreclosures will likely persisteven though the economy is growing again. Finally, similarto the 1980s, several more small banks will fail even as theeconomic recovery matures.Some additional “bad” news should not cause alarm. It isperfectly consistent with a normal recovery cycle. “Laggingindicator” bad news is common early in a recovery in conjunctionwith improving “leading” recovery indicators that are currentlyabundantly evident.
Massive Fiscal Spending! Massive MonetaryExpansion! A Weak U.S. Dollar! Isn’t InflationUnavoidable?
Longer-term, the U.S. may face stronger inflationary pressuresdue to the lagged impact of massively accommodative policiesintroduced during this crisis. A possible severe inflation outcomedepends on many factors that will play out in the next coupleyears. In the meantime, the core inflation rate will likely recede atleast through 2010.In most recoveries, the annual rate of core consumer price andwage inflation typically declines for one to two years “after”the recession ends. It takes a period of revitalized economicgrowth before the unemployed resource markets (i.e., laborunemployment and factory utilization) tighten enough to againproduce wage/price pressures. Considering the severity of labor unemployment and idle factories left in the wake of thisrecession, it may take several years of positive economic growth(even given the unprecedented economic policies applied) beforeany serious inflation risk emerges. Ultimately, whether and whenserious inflationary pressure surfaces depends on several factorsthat can be monitored in the next couple years, including how fastpolicies are reversed, bond vigilante reactions, the speed of therecovery, the strength of U.S. consumer spending, the growth rateof the emerging world, the degree of U.S. dollar weakness, andhow fast borrowing propensities improve.We are not convinced the U.S. is headed for a longer-terminflation episode but neither are we confident an inflationaryspiral won’t result in future years. We will continue to monitorseveral factors accessing inflation risk. In the meantime, a revivalin real GDP growth with relatively stable core prices seems mostlikely during the next couple years.
Economic Policies Are NOT Working ThisTime??!?
Despite an unprecedented policy response, consumer spendingremains punk, job losses continue, bank lending is contracting,foreclosures are still rising, and a commercial real estate crisismay still be coming! If all this stimulus doesn’t work, what will?First, economic policies have long lag times, often about oneyear, and most economic policies were only introduced aboutone year ago when Lehman collapsed. Therefore, positiveimpact from the crisis policies should just now begin to show upon Main Street.Second, economic policies typically show on Wall Street beforeimproving Main Street, and there is considerable evidence theeconomic policy approach adopted in this crisis has worked onWall Street (e.g., a 60 percent advance in the stock market, ahalving of junk bond spreads, a return to a near-normal Liborspread, evidence of renewed ability to raise private sector bondproceeds, economically sensitive stock price leadership, asignificant rise in leverage loan prices, some evidence of IPOand M&A activity returning, etc.)! Those who fear “policy” isnot working should take some confidence from a widespreadshow of improvement on Wall Street.Finally, Main Street improvement is already broadly evident(e.g., positive real GDP growth, ISM surveys recovery, profitsare back, housing has bottomed, etc.).
Can A Capitalistic Economy Thrive In ACountry Where Political Power Has ShiftedLeftward Toward Nationalized Healthcare,Government Pay Czars, and Sweeping NewFinancial Regulations???
First, similar to the Bush administration immediately after 9/11,the power of the Obama movement has been importantly tied tothe “economic crisis.” In times of crisis, this country has oftengiven a blank check to its leadership as it did earlier this yearin the heat of the crisis. However, Obama administration powerand support is already diminishing, due primarily to the easingof economic crisis fears. As the economic recovery matures andfears ease even further, the ability to implement much of thecurrently debated economic/regulatory legislation will likelydiminish significantly. The current fervor over regulating pay andimplementing watershed financial regulatory changes will likelysubside substantially in 2010 if real GDP grows close to 4 percentand job creation returns as we think likely. Some regulatoryreform will certainly pass. However, what ultimately does passmay prove far less dramatic and frightening and probably farmore benign than what has been bantered about and worried overin the heat of this crisis.Second, while concern is rising about the future economic impactof an expanding “leftist” political culture in the United States,in recent years, the world has been experiencing the greatestadoption of free market capitalism in U.S. history! The explosionin emerging world economies reflects a massive expansion inAdam Smith’s laissez-faire philosophy. A mild and perhapstemporary move to the left in U.S. politics does not seem thatfrightening compared with the explosion of newfound capitalisticbehaviors around the globe! Many suggest the tax and spendpolicies of the Obama administration stands in sharp contrast
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