Analysis of Beams

and Frames
Theory of Structure - I
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Lecture Outlines
Internal Loadings at a Specified Point
Shear and Moment Functions
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N
N
V
V
M

M

N
M

V
V
N
M

Positive Sign Convention
Internal Loadings at a
Specified Point
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Example 4-1

Determine the internal shear and moment acting in the cantilever beam shown in
the figure at sections passing through points C and D.
5 kN 5 kN 5 kN 5 kN 5 kN
1 m 1 m 1 m 1 m 1 m
20 kNm
A
B
C
D
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SOLUTION
5 kN 5 kN 5 kN
1 m 1 m 1 m
20 kNm
B
C
V
C

M
C
N
C
0 =
SF
y
= 0:
+
V
C
-5 - 5 - 5 = 0,

V
C
= 15 kN
+
SM
C
= 0:
-M
C
-5(1) - 5(2) - 5(3) -20 = 0,

M
C
= -50 kN
V
D

M
D
N
D
0 =
5 kN 5 kN 5 kN
1 m 1 m 1 m
20 kNm
B
D
5 kN
SF
y
= 0:
+
V
D
-5 - 5 - 5 -5 = 0,

V
D
= 20 kN
+
SM
D
= 0: -M
D
-5(1) - 5(2) - 5(3) -20 = 0,

M
D
= -50 kN
Department of Civil Engineering
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Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
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Example 4-2

Determine the internal shear and moment acting at a section passing through
point C in the beam shown in the figure.
9 m
20 kN/m
3 m
C
A B
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9 m
20 kN/m
C
A
B
V
C

M
C
N
C
3 m
) 20
9
3
(
30 kN
C
1 m
10 kN
= 0
SOLUTION
(2/3)9 = 6 m
(1/2)(9)(20) = 90 kN
B
y

A
y

A
x

+
SM
A
= 0:
B
y
(9) - 90(6),

B
y
= 60 kN
= 60 kN
SF
y
= 0:
+
A
y
- 90 + 60 = 0

A
y
= 30 kN
30 kN =
0 =
SF
y
= 0:
+
-V
C
- 10 + 30 = 0,

V
C
= 20 kN
= 20 kN
+
SM
C
= 0:
M
C
+ 10(1) - 30(3) = 0,

M
C
= 80 kNm
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Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
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Example 4-3

The 40 kN force in the figure is supported by the floor panel DE, which in turn is
simply supported at its ends by floor beams. These beams transmit their loads to
the sumply supported girder AB. Determine the internal shear and moment acting
at point C in the girder.
B
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m
0.6 m
1.4 m
A
C
2.5 m
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C
SOLUTION
40 kN
0.6 m
1.4 m
12 kN 28 kN
12 kN 28 kN
4 m
6 m
8 m
23 kN
17 kN
B
40 kN
2 m 2 m 2 m
0.6 m
1.4 m
A
C
2.5 m
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23 kN
C
28 kN 12 kN
2.5 m
17 kN
C
2.5 m
17 kN V
C

M
C
N
C
= 0
SF
y
= 0:
+
-V
C
+ 17 = 0,

V
C
= 17 kN
+
SM
C
= 0:
M
C
- 17(2.5) = 0,

M
C
= 42.5 kNm
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x
1

x
2

x
3

x
1
x
2
x
3
w
P
A
B C
D
w
P
A
B C
D
OR
Shear and Moment Functions
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Example 4-4

Determine the shear and moment in the beam shown in the figure as a function of
x.
9 m
10 kN/m
x
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x
10
9
x
45 kN
270 kNm
SOLUTION
(1/2)(9)(10) = 45 kN
(2/3)(9) = 6 m
45 kN
270 kNm
9
5 ) 10
9
)( )(
2
1
(
2
x x
x
3
x
V
M

N = 0
SF
y
= 0:
+
0 45
9
5
2

x
V
45
9
5
2

x
V
+
SM
x
= 0:
0 270 45 )
3
(
9
5
2
x
x x
M
270 45 )
3
(
9
5
2
x
x x
M
9 m
10 kN/m
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Example 4-5

Determine the shear and moment in the beam shown in the figure as a function of
x
1
, x
3
, x
3
, and x
4
.
x
2

x
3

x
1

x
4

60 kN/m
265 kN
135 kNm
4 m
6 m
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SOLUTION
60 kN/m
265 kN
1350 kNm
4 m
6 m
SF
y
= 0:
+
505 - 60x
1
- V = 0
V = 505 - 60x
1

SF
y
= 0:
+
505 -240 - V = 0
V = 265 kN
+
SM
x2
= 0: 0 3420 505 ) 2 ( 240
2 2
x x M
2940 265
2
x M
505 kN
3420 kNm
M
V
505 kN
3420 kNm
x
1

60x
1

+
SM
x1
= 0: 0 3420 505 )
2
( 60
1
1
1
x
x
x M
3420 505 30
1
2
1
x x M
2 m
x
2
-2

240
x
2
505 kN
3420 kNm
M
V
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60 kN/m
265 kN
1350 kNm
4 m
6 m
505 kN
3420 kNm
SF
y
= 0:
+
505 - 240 - V = 0
V = 265 kN
+
SM
x3
= 0: 0 3420 ) 4 ( 505 ) 2 ( 240
3 3
x x M
1880 265
3
x M
M
V
240 kN/m
2 m
505 kN
3420 kNm
2 m
x
3
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60 kN/m
265 kN
1350 kNm
4 m
6 m
505 kN
3420 kNm
265 kN
1350 kNm
x
4

M
V
SF
y
= 0:
+
V - 265 = 0
V = 265 kN
+
SM
x3
= 0: 0 1350 265
4
x M
1350 265
4
x M
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Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
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Example 4-6

Determine the shear and moment in the beam shown in the figure as a function of
x.
30 kN/m
10 kN/m
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Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
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9 m
4.5 m
SF
y
= 0:
+
0 ] )
9
)( 20 (
2
1
[ 10 75 V x
x
x
+
SM
x
= 0:
20 kN/m
90 kN
6 m
90 kN
10 kN/m
2
x
2
x
3
x
10x
10 kN/m
x
x
)
9
)( 20 (
2
1
m kN
x
/
9
20
M
V
105 kN 75 kN
2
11 . 1 10 75 x x V
0 )
3
]( )
9
)( 20 (
2
1
[ )
2
)( 10 ( 75 M
x
x
x x
x x
3 2
37 . 0 5 75 x x x M
75 kN
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