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1
AssZzXNnm]Xn
(AymnINnI)
NnkzmanI
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2 AssZzXNnm]Xn
digitized by www.sreyas.in
3
{]kvXmh\
{io\mcmbWapJymkvtX bXtbm hnizhn{ipXmx
bXv]mZ\uIbmf]mckwkmcm_v[naXmcnjvTx.
\akvXkvssa Xo]mZk{ZmbmZntlXth
{ioaXv]ca`mctZhmb ]camt\.
bYmkzmX{yw tamamWv.
Cp am\hkapZmbn FhnsS t\mnbmepw A`qX
]q amb Hcp kzmX {y t_m[w {]I S ambn Imm \p v .
Bcy\pw {ZmhnU\pw, Imncnbpw \ot{Kmbpw, ASnas hen
sdnp kzX{cmIm aptmpIpXnpp. P\XXnbn CXn
\papsmcpImepw CXpt]mse kzmX{ykackX km
{XnIambn hym]nnnsp temINcn{Xfn\nv \apdnbp
hm Ignbpw. Cp hnbP{ioemfnXcmbn ]cneknp al
nI Xs XfpsS kzmX{ys \ne\nmthn cl
kymbp[ At\zjnp tinptm AhcpsS B[n]Xy
n IgnpIqSp P\X ]mcX{ys \om ]SshpI
bmWv. A\\nhrnbnepw, B\{]m]vXnbnepamWv bYm
kzmX{yw kp{]XnjvTnXambncnpXv. AXp t\Sm {]IrXn
hn`h kzmbamnbm aXnsbmWv Cs km[mc
Wa\pjy hnizknpI. temIns `mKt[bs \mamh
tijamnop `bc bpw IqsSqsSbpmIm\p
{][m\ImcWw a\pjys Cu hnizmkamsX asmpa. hnth
Inbmbncnt a\pjys\ arKamnop kacn Bcp
Pbnmepw Ahp icnbmb kwXr]v Xn DmhpIbn. B
hnPbw shdpw `uXnIhpw WnIhpamsWv Cs P
\nbpw Pm\pw kmyw hlnppv. a\pjy `uXnIhnj
bsf CjvSwt]mse A\p`hnp kpJnms\mcppw tXmdpw
Ah {]IrXnv A{Xtmfw ASnasSpIbmWv sNpXv.
a\pjy\v, A\nXcPpkm[mcWamb Hcp sshinjvSyapsn
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4 AssZzXNnm]Xn
AXv {]IrXnsb Pbnm\p Ahs kackX Hpam{X
amWv. kPpfpw {]IrXnp hgnsmSpptm a\p
jy am{Xw B {]IrXnsb Pbnp kzmX{yw t\Sms\mcppp.
Ahs bYmamb kzmX{ykacNcn{Xw AXmWv. B kac
n hnPbw ssIhcnh\mWv [oc\pw kzX{\pw. a\pjy
]cnipfmbn IcpXntmcp kIe kZv{Kfpw As\
bp [ocmcpsS A]Zm\sf {]IonphbmWv. thZ
fn ]pIgvnmWp P\I, bmhIy, ]pcmW{]
knmcmb {iocmaN{, {ioIrjvW, {iohymk, {ioipI,
{ioic`KhXv]mZ, A[p\mX\mcmb {iocmaIrjvW]calw
ktZh, ]ca`mc{ioNnkzmanXncphSnI XpSnb alm]p
cpjm B kzmX{ykacn hnPbw ssIhcn [octbm
mfmWv. Ah `bcamb ]ocnsImtm hniz\miIamb
AWpt_mw_psImtm Hpa Cu A{]Xntcm[ybmb {]Ir
Xnsb (ambsb) IogSnbXv. ]nstbm m\w HpsImv
am{XamWv.
Cu m\w kmznIw, cmPkw, Xmakw Fp aqphn[
apv. ]cnnfpw \izcfpambn ImWsSp \m\mhn[]
Zm fn A] cn n hpw A\ iz chpw GI hp amb kZv `m
hs shfnsSpp m\s kmznIsapw, {]]]
Zm fpsS kZv `m hs hn`n co Xn bn Imn cp
m\s cmPksapw, Hcp ]Zmns hmkvXhnXn
t_m[nmsX D]cnhcoXym Adnbp AbYmm\s
Xma k sa pw KoX bn ]d p Im Wp p. GI Xz t_m [s
m\sapw \m\mXzt_m[s hnm\sapw ]dbmw. Pohn
X k a c cw K n ambm a bn bmb {]Ir Xn tbmSp a Sn p hm
Acbpw Xebpw apdpn ]pds a\pjy Xs [njWmXqWo
cn kw`cnncp kwJymXoXfmb hnm\ic B
{]IrXnbpsSta {]tbmKnpt\mn. ]t AXpsImsmpw
bmsXmcp{]tbmP\hpw Dmbn. {]IrXn IogSnbnsp am{X
a Xs ]cmPbsSpm h {]XntbmKnIsf IogSp
IIqSn sNbvXp. i{Xp Xs ta hjn hnm\ic
B {]IrXntZhnv Hcp cmIhNambnmWp ]cnWanXv. {]Ir
Xnatlizcn Cs\ ANnyintbmSpIqSn ]ptcmKanpsIm
ncnth Xs B Zpjsb IogSm\p amsf
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5
n A]qw Nne alma\ojnI Nnnppmbncpp. s]m
ppIsImpw ipjvI]{XuLwsImpw sIn tahbmb
]mgv p Sn ep I fn Ign p Iq Sn bn cp B `mc X hj nse
]qcmwEjo{mcpsS hfsc \mfs \ncoW]coW
fpsS C{nbmXoXamb At\zjWfpsS ]cnWX^e
ambn Ip In nb HmWv ]c a c l ky amb {_m ss Iy
m\w. AXns {]mZp`mhn Xs B{]IrXn ambm
in FhnsStbm t]mbn adp. B m\w ssIhcn a\p
jys PohnXkacw Fstbvpambn Ahkm\np. Ah
]cn ]q kzm X {y n hn{i a kp J a \p ` hn p. AXs{X
A\ \n hr n k ln X amb B\ {]m ]v Xn sb dn b s Sp
tamw.
_hpw tamhpw
Cu tamsn thhadnbWsan _ImcWw
IqSn a\nemtnbncnpp. \nPkzcq]amb AssZzX{_
hkvXphn {Xn]pSncqt]W (Adnbph, AdnbsSphkvXp,
Adnhv Cu cq]n) tXmp {]]w, hmkvXamsWp
\n b n \mWv thZm n I _ sap ]d bp Xv . CXn\v
ImcWw Am\amIpp. Am\saXn\p m\m`mhsa
A\yYmm\samWv ChnSps Aw. Hcp hkvXp
hns\ asmmbn sXncnpIsbp kmcw. Hcp s]mcphp
anm hkvXpv ]ckv]cw s]mcpapsp tXmnp
Xn\m ambsbpw Hns\ ]eXmnopXn\m {]Ir
XnsbpwIqSn Am\n\pt]cpv. Cu Am\ns
\min\mWp tamsap ]dbpXv.
m\w tamkm[\w
tam{]m]vXnp temInep At\IaX hnhn[
am \ntinppsnepw Ahbnsemw {]m[m\yaln
pXv m\tbmKamIpp.
cpk{`mn \oWsan, X\yfmb `bIm
ZnI \inWsan, XZ[njvTm\amb cphns bYm
t_m[apmIWw, AmsX asmcp IIem]wsImpw B
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
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6 AssZzXNnm]Xn
{`aw \opX. AXpt]mse Am\Iev]nXamb _w
\inWsan, _cq]amb {]]n\np Poh\p \nXy
apn e`nWsan, km[njvTm\amb IqS{_ssN
X\yns kayKvt_m[apmIWw. AmsX B apn, bmKm
ZnIsImtm, Nnhrn\ntcm[cq]amb cmPtbmKw
sIm p am {Xtam knn p X . Ah Ir X { fmWv .
ImhpXs Am\Iev]nX\mIbm B Imhns
k{]hrnIfpw Am\P\yfmsWp hntijnp ]d
tbnXsm? Imcyn\p ImcWs \innm IgnIbn
sp Xzw A\pkvacnpXmbm Hcp In\pw
Am \ \m i cq ] amb apnsb {]Zm \w sN p hm Ign I bn
sp ImWmw. ktm Xv Ir jv S amb thZw Xs m\ tbm
Ks am{Xta kmm tamkm[\ambn D]tZinnpq.
XcXn timIamhnXv (Bmhns\ Adnbph timIcq]
amb kwkmcsSpp) XtahhnZnXzm AXnarXyptaXn
\m\yx]mhnZytXfb\mb. B {_s Adnnv apnsb
{]m]npp. Cu m\amsX thsdmcp amhpw apnn.
{_hnZv {_ssh `hXn ({_s Adnbph {_am
bnpXs Xocpp) \ IWm \ {]Pbm[t\\ XymtKss\tI
AarXXzam\ipx (I sImtm, km\em`w sImtm
[\w sImtm AarXXzw apn e`npX. ]nssbm,
XymK cq ] amb \m\m Xzs XyPn Xmb {_m ss Iy
m\w sImpam{Xta Nne AarXXzs {]m]nnpq) Fn
s\bp {ipXnhmIysf IqSmsX CXcimkv{Xfpw Cu
AssbmWv t_m[nnpXv.
AhnZymkvXatbm tam
CXn XmhXv kanXw
tX\ tamm`yp]mbXzw
hnZybm \ Xp IWm.
tamsaXp AhnZybpsS \miamIpp Fp kan
pIgnp. hnZysImmsX IwsImv AhnZy \inp
X.
]Tp imkv{XmWn bPp tZhm
Ipp ImWn `Pp tZhXmx
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7
BssIyt_mt[\ hn\m hnapn
knyXn {_iXmtcf]n.
(imkv {X ]Tn mepw, tZh msc Dt in p bm K
sNbvXmepw, \nXyss\annImZnI sNbvXmepw, tZhX
Isf D]mknmepw, ]camm\w CmsX hfsc Iev]
IgnmXsbpw tamw knnpX.)
CXpsImp tamkm[\w m\tbmKamsWp knn
sm. Fm bmKmZnIsfstbm, tZhtXm]mk\
Itftbm, tbmKamsfstbm thZw tamkm[\fm
sWv A\pimknnpsn Ahsb m\km[\ F
\nebnemWv ]cnKWntXv. Fs\sbm ImZnI
sImp ipamb AxIcWw m\{]Imin\v Alam
bnocpp.
{]XyIv{]hWXmw _ptx
ImWypXv]mZy ipnXx
IrXmm\ykvXambmn
{]mhrUt L\m Ch.
agmew Ignv taLsfmw CmXmIpXpt]mse
bmKmZnI Pohs AxIcWs m\tbmKml
amIpwhw ]cnipamn kzbw \inpp. FmWv Iam
n ]camNmcy\mbncp aWvU\an{i
1
, kymkm{iaw kzoI
cnv almm\nbmbnoXn\p tijw Xs ss\jvIy
knn F {Kn ]dnpXv.
kw ImJnew ]m,
mt\ ]cn k am ]y tX F `K hZv hmIy n sbpw
Aw ta]dXp XsbmWv.
Cu \nebn t\mptm thZthZmmZn k[im
kv{Xfpw m\tbmK]cfmsWp ImWmhpXmWv.
{ioic`KhXv]mZcpw AssZzXaXhpw
Xpka\zbmXv F {_kq{XwsImv {io thZhym
kaljnbpw, Cu hmkvXhs hyamnbnpv. Fm
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
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8 AssZzXNnm]Xn
Hcp Iqw ]WvUnXm thZw I{][m\amsWp iTnncpp.
Ah, bmKmZnI am{XamWp tamkm[\sap hmZnv
AXn \p thn ]ip lnw km Zn Ip t]mepw aSn n . bw
sImp knnp A]qw B bImhns\ \nXy
kzntep \bnpsav knmn IwmcmWv ]q
aoamwkIm. AhcpsS bmKmhkcfn h[nsSp b
]ipfpsS B{I\wsImv Cu `mcX`qan apJcnXambncp
Hcp ImeLnembncpp [kwm]I\mb {ioic`K
hm kmm ic`KhXv]mZcmbnv, Cu tIcf`qanbn Xncp
hhXmcw sNbvXXv. sNdpImepXs, BNmcy]mZcmb {io
tKmhnbXoizcs ZrjvSnhnt]am{Xm kmmXvIrX]c
ammhmbno {ioic`KhXv]mZ tamam{]Xn_n
Ifmb kIeZpXtfbpw {ipXy\pKrloXfmb bpnhm
ZsImv `mcX`qanbn\npw Bnmbnv Hu]\njZaX
amb AssZzXknms m]np. {]mXxkvacWob\mb B
AssZzXaXmNmcys m\{]Imiw, Bcymhn am{X
a, Zzo]Zzo]mcfntmepaphcpsS lrZbmImcs
\mamhtijampXn\v ]cym]vXambn. Fm AhnSps P
`q an bmb Cu tIc f n ep hm Is AXns amlmyw
thhw Adnbphm IgnnspXv ]cnXm]Icamb Hcp
]camw am{XamWv. tIcfn\p t\cn Cu Zu`mKys ]cn
lcnm hjiX thnhp. As\,
2
]qXamw thZmkpcpnsbmgnnm
ssZzXn hnShSsmmn hnfnbpw
kzIrXmt\Ikvt{Xm{X kucyelcnbn
{]IrXnatlinsbsmtmSw Ifnnpw
icmNmcycpsS P`qantb hopw
icmNmcycpsS P`qhmn oXv.
{ioNnkzmanIsf A]cm`n[m\m hnizhn{ipX\m
bno {iohnZym[ncmP Xo]mZ]ca`mckzman ]mZ
fmbncpp. AhnSs PohNcn{Xw tIcfNcn{Xn tim`\amb
Hcp AymbsbmWv hncNnXv. Cp tIcfn hninjy
XncphnXmwIqdn Iphcp BymnI {]_pXbvv {][m
\ImcW`qX B ]ca`mcKpcptZh XsbmWv. ]SbWnbpw
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9
D hhpw t{Xmcm [ \bpwsImp am{Xw aX Im cy fn
Xr]vXnspsImncphcmbncpp tIcfnse A{_mW
cn `qcn`mKhpw. Ap iq{Zscdnbsncp aeb{Xnbcmb
\mbmt]mepw iq{Zackwbpw ZqcXx ]cnhtbXv
F \nban\p hnt[bcmbncp nXnv AXnepw A[xn
Xscp IcpXsncp ]ntmkapZmbmcpsS IY ]dtb
Xnsm! Cs\, BymnIaWvUentebvv Dbcphm
Hcp A{_mW\v bmsXmcp ]cnXxnXnbpanmXncp Hcp Ime
mbncpp {ioNnkzmanXncphSnIfpsS XncphhXmcw.
{ioNnkzmanXncphSnI
AhnSpp Xncph\]pcn\p kao]ap sImq F
ev ]pcmX\amb Hcp \mb IpSpw_n 1029mamv Nn
amkw 11mw XobXn `cWn \mfnemWv `qPmX\mbXv. kzmanXncph
SnIfpsS P\\Imev B IpSpw_w Zmcn{ZytZhXbpsS tIfocw
Kambncpp. Atls _meyImen thhw hnZym
`ymkw sNnpXn\v B IpSpw_n\p Ignhpmbncpn.
AXn\m hnZymcw`w F NSpt]mepw Fp]p hbtmfw
{]mbamIpXphsc \Snbncppan. kahbkvIcmb IpnI
ASpp Hcp Ifcnbn ]Tnm t]mIpXv Atln\p
Znhkhpw ImWmambncpp. X\npw Fgpp ]TnWsap
hnNmctmSpIqSn Hcp Znhkw Hcp IpnbpsS Hme hmnpt\m
n. Aht\mSp tNmZnv Nne Ac a\nemn. ANntcW
Ah Xnep Ifn AhnSs Iqnhmbnm {]m]vX\mn
op. Amep ]ctImpImc\mb Hcp ]ctZi{_m
W Hcp imkv {Xn I ASp p sImqa T n
kwkvIrXw ]Tnnncpp. B aThpambn kzmanIfpsS IpSpw_w
thgvNbn IgnncpXn\m Znhkhpw AhnsS t]mIpI Ahn
Sps ]Xnhmbncpp. IqSmsX B aTnse A\fpsS
hm eyhpw HuZm cyhpw Zmcn {Zy ]o Un X \mb B _mes\
Atmv BIjnmsXbpancpn. `Ww icnbmbn e`n
XpsImpam{Xw Atlw Xr]vX\mbn. imkv{XnIfpsS Aym
]\cwKtmbncpp Atlns {i {][m\ambn ]Xn
Xv. sNdpnte A\nXckm[mcWamb _pnssh`hapm
bncp AhnSpp imkv{XnI CcnpXn\p kao]ap Hcp
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
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10 AssZzXNnm]Xn
`nnp adp\nv AhnsS ]Tnnncp Imhysfmw lrZn
amn. GXmv Hcp hjmew Cs\ IgnXn\pti
jta imkv{XnI, X\nv Cu hn[w Akmam\y\mb Hcp injy
\psp a\nemnbpq. Hcp {]mhiyw tIm Fpw AtX
]Sn hnp t]m ImsX [cn p hm Ign bp am bn cp _pn hn Im
kwIv kpjvS\mb imkv{XnI IpdpImew sImv B
_mes\ kwkvIrX`mjbnse an Imhyfpw ]Tnnp.
tbmKthZmmZnimkv{X]cnioe\w
Amesmcn sImq t{XktXn shv
AmX\mamhmb Hcp alm Ctln\v kp{_Wya{w
D]tZinpsImSpp. B at{m]mk\ sshcmKy]qw A\p
jvTnv knnhcpm Atln\p Ignp. XpSp t]bn
cma ]n Bim F alms\ kao]nv Atln\npw
kwKoXhpw Xangnse {]mcw`]mTfpw ]Tnp. Fm kwkvIr
X`mjbnepw apw kmam\yw hypev]nbpmbncp Atls
cma ]n Bim AhI Ifcnbnse Nnbmn \nbn
IqSn sNbvXp. Cu m\tcn\memWv AhnSpv Cpw hn{ip
X\mbn {]IonsSpXv. amXm]nXmm BZyw \maI
cWw sNbvXXv A Fmbncpsnepw Ip F Hma
\tcmbncpp km[mcW hnfnphXv. AXmWp ]nmep
Ip]nn F {]kn\man\p ImcWw. P\m `
\mbncp AhnSpv cma]n BimsIqsS ]Tnp Xmaknn
cp Imev cm{Xn k a b fn ASp p Hcp t{X
nsNp [ym\P]mZnIfn apgpIn CcnpXp Inpsv
BimXs ]nmev shfnsSpnbnpv. Ap t]
bn cma]n Bims Dm l n m\ {] Pm Kcw
Fsmcp k` \Sncpp. B k`bnse {][m\ {]kwK
aX]cfmb hnjbsfn Bbncpp. AhnsShp kzman
Ip ssXmv Amhv F am\ys\ ]cnNbamIphm\pw At
ln\nv Xangp`mjbnep Nne ]mSepI ]Tnm\pw
CShcpIbpw sNbvXp. ssXmv Amhv AhI Hcp kp{_
Wy ` \pw lT tbm Knbpw Bbn cp p. Atlw dkn Ukn
_wmhn amt\Pcmbncpp. {ioNnkzmanI, Amhv AhI
fn\nv lTtbmK]cfmb Nne A`ymk ]cnioenp.
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11
shdpw tbmK]]mXnbmbncp Amhv AhIv kzmanI
fpsS XzNnm]cfmb PnmkIp ia\w Dmm
Ignn. AXn\m kzmanI Xncph\]pcw tImbvIv
Xmaknncp kzman\mYtZinI F XangphnZzm\n \nv Xan
gp`mjbnep thZm{]IcW{K ]Tnm Bcw`np.
{io kzman\mYtZinI Xangn AKm[sshZpjyw kmZnncp
Hcp ]WvUnX\mbncpp. Atlns Athmknbmbn
cp ImemWv `\mbncp kzmanI m\tbmKmcpcp
phmbnoXv. Ap anhmdpw IgnpIqnbncpXpw tIm
bvIpXs Bbncpp.
{iokpmPSm]mTnIfpw hntZihmkhpw
As\ Ccns, Asmcn \hcm{Xn kw_np \S
mdp hnZzXvkZn ]psImm kpmPSm]mTn Fsmcp
alm]WvUnX Xncph\]pcp hcnIbpmbn. Asms
hnZzXvkZn A{Knam\w Atln\pXs Bbncpp
FmWv Adnhv. kimkv{X]mcwKX\pw {_\njvT\pambn
cp Atlhpambn kzmanI ]cnNbsSm CSbmbn. kzman
IfpsS _pnssh`hhpw hn\bmZnkwkvImcknbpw I
{io kpmPSm]mTn Atls kztZiamb ISpdnnbnte
bvpsImpt]mbn. km\anmXncp aljnIev]\mb {io
PSm]mTn AhI Av {io kzmanIsf Bbncpp ]p{X\mbn
IcpXnbncpXv. {KlW[mcW]Sphmb kzman]mZ AhnsS
Xmaknp. aqp\mep hjsImv kwkvIrXnepw Xan
gnepap thZthZmmZn kIeimkv{Xfpw ]Tnp. {io kpm
PSm]mTn AhIfpsS aTw Fpw hnZzmmcpsS imkv{XhmZ
tIm em l ew sImp apJ cn X am bn cp Xm bn mWv tIhn.
As ]WvUnXmcpsS CSbnepmbncp GXp kwibhpw
Xop sImSpncpXpw {io PSm]mTnXs Bbncpp. At
ln\v Xs intjymas\n hfsc aXnmbncpp. Ahn
Ss ]WvUnXkZnse HcwKambngnbm `mKyapmbncp
{io Nnkzman XncphSnIv ]nevmev Hcp ]WvUnXtbpw
ap]n Xe Ip \n t n h n cp n sp Xs b , kIe
]WvUnXmtcbpw Xe Ip\nnmIqSn Ignhpmbncpp F
XpsImpXs {io kpmPSm]mTnIfpsS amlmysn
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
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12 AssZzXNnm]Xn
DulnmhpXmWsm. {io PSm]mTnIfpsS BiomZ
hmn, B KpcpIpew hnXn\ptijw, ZntWybn apgph
AhnSpv Hcp ]cyS\w sNbvXp. AXn\nSbn ]e almmcp
ambn ]cnNbsSm\pw Xangnepw kwkvIrXnepap A]q
fmb ]e {Kfpw kmZnphm\pw AhnSptp Ign
p. B ]cyS\thfbn kn\pw ]WvUnX\pambncp Hcp
Xfn \nv, alZpaXw ]Tnphm AhnStp km[np.
]cn]IzaXnbpw htbmhr\pambncp X AhIfpsS ASp
\nv, ]cnip Jpdm `mjyklnXw AhnSp ]Tnp
shmWv tInpXv. ]nmefn ]e alZpaX]WvUn
Xmcpw XpmIp kwib {io NnkzmanXncph
SnIfpsS kao]n\nv ]cnlcnp IrXIrXymcmbnocp
Xn\np Ahn S tbv p al Zp a X n F{X am{Xw
]mWvUnXyw Dmbncpp Fv DulnmhpXmWsm.
{io Bm\kzmanI
IqSmsX B kmc ImepXs Bm\kzmanI
F {]kntbmKnbpambn klhmkn\p CShcnIbpw At
ln\nv AKkvXyk{Zmbnep tbmK]cnioe\
knnpIbpw sNbvXp. Cu Bm\kzmanI, Nmmh
n Ipamcthep Fv BZyImen Adnbsncp B
Bbncpp. almkn\mbncp Atlw acpXzmaebn hfsc
mew Ccpp X]p sNbvXXmbn tInpv. kzmanXncphSnI
fmIs, Xms\mcp DXhwiP\msWp A`nam\w teihpan
msXbmWv Xs Kpcp\mY\mb Bm\ kzmanIsf ip{iq
jnncpXv. Cu kz`mhhntijambncpp Bm\kzmanI
fn\np kIe tbmK clkyfpw {Klnm AhnSptbvv
IgnhpmnbXv.
Ah[qXKpcphpw Am\p`qXnbpw
Cs\ tbmK \njv T e`n Xp sImpw imkv {X m\w
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Av B `Ww Ah cpt]cpw Xr]vXnIcambngnv
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ap kuIcyfpw AhnsS DmnsmSpp. AXns\pSp
aqpamkmetmfw Ah cpt]cpw B epXs Ign
qIqn. Cu hnhcw \msSmpp ]cpIbm \mns \m\m`m
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ZmcpsS hn{iaktXambncp B eamWv kp{]knamb
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\mcmbWKpcphns\ t{X{]XnjvT \nlnm ]TnnXp
NnkzmanIfmWv. Acphnpdv \mcmbWKpcp BZyapmnb
t{Xn inhenwK{]XnjvT \SnbncnpXv Nnkzm
anI Iptdmew hn{ian emWv. AhnsSsbmcp Ae
digitized by www.sreyas.in
23
apmWsap ]dp {]XnjvTnm\p m\w ImWnp
sImSpXpt]mepw NnkzmanIfmbncpp Fv F\np \
Xpt]msebdnbmw.
5
CXn\npw CughkapZmtbmmcWn\p
kzman XncphSnIv F{Xam{Xw Xmev]cyapmbncpp Fv
Dulnmasm.
As\ Acphnpdp hn{ianphcsh Hmhkob {io
tIih]n AhIfpsS BfpI At\zjnphp kzmanXncp
hSnIsf Xncph\]pctbvv sImpt]mbn. \mcmbWKpcp
kzmanIfpw A\pKanm Xmdmbn. Fm Ahsc D]Ncnp
sImncp `mv AXp hfsc kSIcambn tXmpI
bm \mcmbW ChnsS Xmaknpw. Rm Hcp amkw Ignp
Xncnsbhcmw Fp]dnmbncpp kzmanXncphSnI ]ncn
Xv. \mcmbWKpcpkzmanI {_m\m \na\m
bncpsnepw Xs Kpcp\mYs th]mSv Atln\p hfsc
tiIcambncpp.
]cpaKpcp]mZcmIs Xncph\]pcp sNtm, tIi
h]n HmhknbchIp aqhmp]pgbvp ewamamsW
pw, AtltmsSmnp kzmanXncphSnIfpw Atmp sN
W sap \n_ am bn cn pp Fpw Ahn Sp t dn bm
Ignp. As\ Ahscmw Hnv XncphSnI aqhmp]pg
bvpXs t]mbn. IpdpIgnp {io\mcmbWKpcpkzmanI
Acphnpdp\nv Im\Sbmbn aqhmp]pghp, kzmanXncph
SnIsf kinp. Ah Hcpanp aqhmp]pg, Bephm, ]dhq
apXemb efn Ipdp\m hn{ianp. AmWv hS
XncphnXmwIqdnse Cugh{]amWnIp \mcmbWKpcphns\ ]cn
NbsSphm IgnXv. {io Nnkzman]mZp sX
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s\n IrjvWsshZy, {io shfptcn tIih sshZy apX
emb {]knm AqnshcmWv. As Imep
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`Ww IgnpXn\p kzmanXncphSnIp bmsXmcp aSnbpan
mbncpp FpXv AhnSps ka_pnsbbmWv {]Jym]\w
sNpXv.
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
24 AssZzXNnm]Xn
C{Xbpw {]kvXmhnXn\np \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpsS
BymnIamb kIe Djn\pw ImcW`qX\mbncpXp
]ca`mc {io NnkzmanXncphSnIfmsWpw, \mcmbWKpcp
kzmanIfpsS kymk]cc Nnkzman XncphSnIfn\np
mbXmsWpw hyambsm.
Fm \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpsS Kpcp, {io Nnkzman
Xn cp h Sn I f sp m]n m Nne {ian p h cp Xm bn m
Wpp. AXv ASnm\clnXamb {iaamsWpXn\v Kpcpin
jy m cmb Ahcp t] cp sSbpw hmp IXs {]am W
fmWv. {_{io \oeIWvTXo]mZkzmanI FgpXnbnp
tZhm]Xn F {Kn\p 10.04.1092 Bephbnshv
{ioNnkzmanXncphSnI Hcp Dt]mZv LmXw FgpXnbnpv .
AXn tbmK m \ ]m cw K Xbv v tbmK m \ {] ta b sf
k{ZmbcoXym {Klnbpw ]cnioenbpw sNbvXv BcqV]Z
nsepXn\v At\Ikwhcmew FtmSpIqSn hknn
p Fs {]Yainjy \mcmbWKpcp Fp]dbp B B
kapZmbns A`ypm\n\mbn AhcpsS CSbn tZhmm
Znsb ]pckvIcnp _lphn[Imcyfn kzmX{yapmnb
Xpt]mse asmcp kapZmbn\p kzbw IrXm\\nebn
hpIqSnb At\ym[o\hrnsb \njvImk\w sNphm ZznXo
binjy ({io\oeIWvTXo]mZkzmanI) Cs\ {KI
cWmZnbn {]hnpXv KuWmXmymkZrjvSym Nmcn
XmyP\Iambncnpp Fp tcJsSpnbnpv. AXpt]m
seXs, kzmanXncphSnI tam{]Zo]JWvU\w FgpXm
XpSnbtm, AhnSpv B {KsagpXcptX! Fp ImWnv
Beq inhtbmKnbpsS injymcmb sXtSp cma]n
apXemb am\ym ISppcpnbn\nv 26.01.1090 Hcp Fgp
bncpp.
6
AXn, AhnSps {iasmn\pw tam
{]Zo]amIs AXns ImhmIs FXncmbn \npn.
Cu nXnv AhnSpv tam{]Zo]s FXnpXn\v Fp
\ymbbpXbmWpXv? \mcmbWKpcpkzmanbpsS t{Xm
]\v Nne XS DmpXns\mcpsncp Nne
Cughv tam{]Zo]w Hcp klmbambn `hnncnmw. AXn
\nSbvv AhnSpsn\p NmSnhogpp? \mcmbWKpcpkzmanXs
t\cnSs! hmZns! Pbns! AYhm tXmevs! \mcmbW
digitized by www.sreyas.in
25
Kpcpkzman, AhnSps B{inXt\m injyt\m kl]mTntbm
Bbncnmw. Bbncns! AhnSptmSp hkwibw tNmZnm
]dpsImSpWw. AmsX \mcmbWKpcpkzmansb AhnSpp
amn\ndpnbnv AhnSpp t\cnSWtam? Fp tNmZnnp
Xn\v {ioN n kzm an Xn cp h Sn I Ab adp ] Sn bn Cs\
ImWpp;
7
Rm\pw, apv tbmKm\hnjbfn Fs injy
\mbncpXpsImp \mcmbWKpcp kzmansb Bfpw, Cugh
cn Nnecpw Xfn ]gb ]cnNbmcmWv. Ah kzP\t
amw t{X{]XnjvT apXembh \SpXmbn tIhn Dv.
Sn Bfn\v (\mcmbWKpcp kzmanIv) aXhmZn\ndtW
sap tXmp Imev AXntembnp asmcpcpsS klm
btam D]tZitam thXmbn hcpsap tXmpn.
\mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpsS PohnXImepXs kzmanXn
cphSnI {]knoIcnnp Cu cp {]kvXmh\Ifn\npw
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cpkzmanIsfp knnpp.
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cnImkvtXm{Xn Xs Kpcp\mY\mb NnkzmanXncphSnIsf
kvacnpImWpp. AXns\bmWv.
inip\maKptcmcmmw
Itcmaninckmhl
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IpalntImhnZmx
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apt\x ]ZmcWow....... Fp XpSnb ]Zyhpw Atlns
inip`KhXv]Iw F kvtXm{Xhpw CXn\p sXfnhmWv.
Fm Csmw he\nv {io\mcmbW[{]Nc
Wk`m {]knsSpnbnp KpcpXncp\mtkmh\o
F ]pkvXIn {io NnkzmanXncphSnI {io\mcmbW
KpcpkzmanIfpsS kXoy\msWv inip\ma Kpcp]ZwsImp
m]nm hfsc ]WnsnpXmbnmWpp. tkmh\odn
]dbp `mKw Cs\bmWv. Ipsdgntm kzman (\mcm
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
26 AssZzXNnm]Xn
bWKpcpkzman) ]pXpn {ioam Ipnn cma]nbm
ims injyXzw kzoI cn bpw D] cn {K hmbn bpw
sNbvXXmbn PohNcn{Xfn tcJsSpnbnpv. Amep
kzman cNn n p kwkv Ir X Ir Xn I fpsS HSp hnm Wp
kwkvIrXpdnn\nv Cmcyw hyamIppv. _mecm
amthmkn\m \mcmbtW\ hncNnXw Cs\bmWv B Ipdnp
ImWpXv. Cqn \haRvPcnbpsS Bcw`n inip
\m a Kp tcm cmmw Fp XpS nb Hcp A\p jv Spv Dv .
Ip]nn ]dnsgpXnbXmWv B aRvPcnsbv a\
nemmw. Nn F hmv Hcp Kpcphns Iogn {][m\
\mb Hcp hnZymnp ssSn BWv. ]s AXv Bim
(Kpcp) F AnemWv {]tbmKnp ImWpXv. {ioNn
kzmanIfpsS Hcp tPyjvTktlmZcs\tmse kzman kvt\lnp
_lpam\nncpp. ]te almmcpambn kzmansb ]cnNbsSp
nbncp NnkzmanI XsbmWv Xncph\]pcw dkn
Uknbnse kq{]mbncp {io XbvmmhhItfbpw ]cn
NbsSpnbXv. Atlns injyXzw kzoIcnp cpt]cpw
tbmKm`ymkam Iptdmew ioenncpp. ]noSp cp
t]cpw Hnp ]e efnepw kcnpIbpw sNbvXnpv.
ta ImWn {]kvXmh\bpsS BZy`mKwsImv, {io N
nkzmanXncphSnI \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpsamnv Ipnn
Bims Iogn ]Tn n cpp Fpw As tamWn
m\w kzmanXncphSnImbncpspamWv tkmh\oIm Dt
inncnpXv Fp tXmpp. ]t _mecmamthmkn\m
\mcmbtW\ hncNnXw FpXpsImv B Dtiyw k^e
ambn Fp tXmpn.
kzmanXncphSnI ]TnXv Ipnncma ]nbmims
IqsSbspw t]bn cma]nbmims IqsSbmsWpw
taev]d Ncn{X`mK sImdnbmhpXmWv. Fpam{X
a, Ipnnbmims Ifcnbnse Nn \mcmbWKpcpkzm
anIfmbncpsp an. aqtmp Ipamcs\gpXnb \mcmbWKp
cpkzmanIfpsS PohNcn{Xw Hmw`mKw 94mw t]Pn ImWpp
apv. hmZn\pthn tkmh\oImcpsS A`n{]mbw kzoIcn
mXsbpw, Xs Kpcp\mYs\p ]dbsSp Ipnn
cma]nbmims IqsS ]TnpsImncnp ImemWv, B
digitized by www.sreyas.in
27
{Kw cNnsXn Atls kvacnmsX mnse tamWn
sd Kpcphmp BfmWp {io \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIsfv _pn
bphp hnNmcnm IgnbpX. CXn\npw {Klnt
Xv \mcm b W Kp cp kzm an I Ip n n bm im s IqsS
kwkvIrXw ]Tnnpsnepw \haRvPcnI apXembh FgpXn
bXv {io Nnkzman XncphSnIfpsS injy\mbXn\ptijamsW
mWv.
\mcm b W Kp cp kzm an I Ip n n bm ims ASp
\np ]Tnw \ndpntmXv 1055mammsWpw {io N
nkzmanXncphSnIsf ImWpXv (1058emWv Ah Xn I
sXv {_{io Xo]mZ]calwk kzmanIfn \ndnbpp.)
8
1060 mamm sWpw \h a Rv P cnI sbgp Xn bXv 1084 mamm
sWpw {io \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpsS PohNcn{Xfn ]d
pImWppv.
KpcpXncp\m tkmh\odn ]dbp{]Imcw {ioNnkzm
anIv ssXmv Amhv AhIfn\nv lTtbmKhnjbI
ambn Nne ]cnioe\ knnnpv. Fm {io\mcmbW
KpcpkzmanIfpsS tbmKmt\m]tZjvSmhv ]ca`mc {io N
nkzmanIXsbmsWv B almm cpt]cpw k
XnnpXn\m {io \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpsS BymnI
Kpcp ssXmv Amhv BsWv tkmh\oIm ]dbpXv icn
b. ssXmv Amhv AhI Hcp lTtbmKn am{Xambncpp.
Atln\v m\tbmKw lnXhpw hihpw AmXncp IY
Atls ]cnNbapmbncp ]e ]WvUnXmcn\npw
F\ndnbphm Ignnpv. {io NnkzmanItfm {io\mcm
bWKpcpkzmanItfm lTtbmKw tamkm[\ambn IcpXnbncp
n. lTtbmKamnepw cmPtbmKamnepw D ]e
A`ymkfpw BZyImefn knhIcnncp B alm
m kmm tamkm[\ambnp IcpXnbncpXv AssZz
Xm\s am{Xambncppshv BkmmXvmcn\p
thn Ahsc kao]nnphsmw Adnbphm Ignn
pv. {io\mcmbWKpcpkzmanI hncNnnp, Btm]tZi
iXIw, Zi\ame apXemb AssZzXthZmimkv{X{K
Atlw Hcp m\mNmcy\mbncppsh hmkvXhs {]Jym
]\w sNpp. B k{Zmbw Atlw FhnsS\nsnepw ]cn
digitized by www.sreyas.in
28 AssZzXNnm]Xn
io en Xm bn cn Ww. {io Amhv AhI fn\nv Bcpw
thZmw A`yknnXmbndnbpn. {ioNnkzmanI, NmSn
bd {io am[h]n, aWmSv {io IrjvW]nsshZy, Hcp
KW I, C{Xbpw t] lT tbm K hn j b n {io ssXmv
Amhv AhIfpsS injymcmWv. Chcn {io Nnkzman
]mZfpw ]qPpc {io NmSnbd am[h]n AhIfpw am{Xta
thZmnIfmbncppq. {io NnkzmanIfpsS thZmm`yk\w
Cu teJ\nXs shfnhmoptm. kp{]kn\mb cma
{_ kzm an I fn\n mWv NmSn bd am[ h]n AhI
thZmw A`yknXv. CXn\nv Amhv AhIv almm
\nbmb Hcp injys\ kmZnm teihpw Ignhnmbncpp
shv hyambtm. {io\mcmbWKpcpkzmanIv Amhns\
]cnNbsSpnsmSpXv NnkzmanIfmsWp Imcy
n Bcpw hnkXnpn. \mcmbWKpcpkzmanI kao
]np ImepXs NnkzmanI tbmKm\hnjb
fn A]mc]mWvUnXyw kmZnncpXmbn \mcmbWKpcpkzm
anIfpsS PohNcn{XImcmt]mepw tcJsSpnmWpp. B
nXnv tbmKm\ ]cnioe\n\pthn {io \mcmbW
Kpcp Amhns\ B{ibnpshv ]dbpXv icnb. hmghnfa
v Pn. \mWp F am\y FgpXnb {io\mcmbW ]calw
kNcnXw hnmn,
japJ]mZw `Pn\]pcasmcp
japJZmkmlzb\mw tbmKnsbp
kzmKtXmnIfpw sNmnbmKat\mSptNp
tbmKhnZym`ymkhpw sNbvXatlw.
Fpw Ing t I S ioth en c Fw. kn. Ip p cm a
sshZy AhIfm FgpXs {io\mcmbWKpcpkzmanNcnXw
Xmcmn,
japJZmks\p alm
\ne\mw tbmKntbI,
sNtb\]pcp k
kX\mbam.
tbmKX{n ka\mb
tbmKnbmatltmSv
digitized by www.sreyas.in
29
temIKpcp kzmanbmep
tbmKm`ymkmZn ]Tnp.
DuWpdw n]vXambnnSw
thWsapXnmsX
\mWpKpcpkzman, tbmKntbmSpw
hmWpIptdmeapn.
Fpw {]kvXmhnpImWpXn\np {io\mcmbWKpcpkzman
IfpsS tbmKmNmcy jpJZmks\ A]cm`n[m\medn
bsSp {io NnkzmanIXsbmsWp kv]jvSamIppv.
1088mamv {]knsSpnbnpXmWv {io\mcmbW Kpcpkzm
anNcnXw Xmcmv F ]pkvXIw. AXn Amhpw \mcmbW
KpcpkzmanIfpw Xnep _sn,
Znn ]pI s]mnSp \
ssXbvmmsh am\y
Cpcp\mY\\p{Kl
fmew \Inbnpv.
Fp am{Xta FgpXnbnpq. Cu Xmcmnse IYm`mKn\v ]d
b bmsXmcp amhpw hcpmsX XsbmWp {io.sI.Zm
tamZc _n.F.bpw {io aqtmp Ipamc\pw \mcmbWKpcp
kzmanIfpsS PohNcn{Xw FgpXnbXv. Fm Ah FgpXnb
Poh N cn {X n N n kzm an Ifpw \mcm b W Kp cp kzm an Ifpw
kXoymcmsWpam{Xw Hcp t`Zw sNbvXpImWpp. {io
aqtm p Ip am c Fgp Xnb Poh N cn {X n {io Icphm
IrjvW\mim, kckIhn aqeq Fkv.]\m`Wn apX
emb am\ym \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIsfn tcJsSpnbn
p `mKv IqSpX {]mamWyw sImSpnpv. Fm
{io Icphm IrjvW\mim\pw, aqeq ]\m`]Wncpw, {io\m
cmbWKpcphns Kpcp NnkzmanIfmsWp {]kvXmhnnp
Imcyw {io aqtm p Ip am c Xms\ gp Xnb ]pkv X I n
tNmXns clkyw a\nemIpn. NnkzmanIfpsS
kam[n kw_nv kckIhn aqeq ]\m`Wn FgpXnb
IhnXbn,
{io\mcmbWKpcpkzmanbpw Kpcphmn
am\n alm`mKyw XnI ZnhyKm{Xw.
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
30 AssZzXNnm]Xn
Fpw {io IrjvW\mim FgpXnb kvacWbn, CSmep
\mcm b W Kp cp hns Kpcp m\w N n kzm an Xn cp h Sn I fn
\npw tNmn FSpv AXv ssXmv Amhns Xebn
sInshbv]m {ianXmbn Rm Adnbpp. C{Xam{Xw Kpcp
t{Zmlamb Hcp Iw thsd, C Fpw FgpXnbnpv.
{io NnkzmanItfmSpw {io \mcmbWKpcpkzmanItfmSpw
hfsc ASpp klhknphm `mKyw knnnp cp al
pfmbncpp hnZztIkcnIfmb Icphm Irjv W\mim
AhIfpw aqeq Fkv.]\m`Wn AhIfpw. AhcpsS
cp t] cp tSbpw hmp I Cu Kpcp in jy hn j b I amb hmZ
smcp Xo hcpnbXmbnt kpP\ ]cnKWn
bpp. AXn\m almm\nbmbncp \mcmbWKpcpkzmanI
fpsS BNmcym\n\v GXpsImpw Al ]ca`mc {io
NnkzmanIXsbmWv Fp Xocpam\nmw. Atln\p
\mcmbWKpcphns\ IqSmsX {io \oeIWvTXo]mZkzmanI,
{io Xo]mZ]calwkkzmanI, {io _mekp{_Wyinhw,
sFc\mp cma]n apXemb tbmKm\]mcwKXmsc
injytXz\ kmZnphm IgnncpXn\npw {io Am
hn\v AXn\p IgnhnmXncpXn\npw \mcmbWKpcpkzmanI
fpsS Kpcp NnkzmanIXsbmsWp Xocpam\nmhp
XmWv. Fm 10.09.120 ssXmv Amhv AhIfpsS aI\m
sWp ]dv Fkv.temI\mYWn F Hcm {io\mcm
bWKpcpkzmanIfpsS Kpcp Xs A\mb ssXmv Amhm
bncpp Fp ImWnv inhKncn aTm[n]Xn {io icm\kzman
IfpsS t]v HscgpbncpXmbn \hPoh\nepw tIcf
IuapZnbnepw ImWpIbpmbn. AXn\v CXmWphmkv Xhw
F Xesn BbptZmNmcy ]WvUnv kn.cmaIrjvW
\mb (sNdphn) N{Ihmfn (120 ISIw 28mw Xob
Xnbnse 15mw ew) icnbmb Hcp kam[m\sagpXn, {io\mcmb
WKpcpkzmanI {io NnkzmanIfpsS injyXsbmsWv
B almmfpsS cpt]cpsSbpw hmIy Dcnp m]n
npv. ]t {io temI\mYWncpsS hmnt\m Cu
hnjbn {io NnkzmanIfptSbpw {io \mcmbWKpcpkzm
anIfptSbpw A`n{]mbn\mWv {]mamWysap an.]Wn Xs
a\nemtnbncnpp. Kpcpinjy_sn Kpcphn\pw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
31
injy\pw AdnbmhpXpt]mse ampw Adnbphm Ignbp
Xsm. an.temI\mYWn Fgpn ImWnncnp D]
tZik{ZmbwXs D]mk\m amntep Xm{nIamb
{]mcw ` S p am {X am Wv . AXv \mcm b W Kpcp Am hn\np
{Klnpshp kXnm Xsbpw Atlns mt\m
]tZjvSmhv AmhmsWp an. temI\mYWncpsS Fgpn
\np a\ n em m hp X . N n kzm an Ipw Kpcp kzm an
Ipw tbmKams ]etmgpw AXn\ptijw D]tZinbpw
A`ymkamw A\p`hn ImWnpsImSppIbpw ]Xnhpm
bncpp, Fp tem\mYWn Xs Fgpn {]tXyIw
FSppImWnnp `mKw hmbnptm tbmKm\hnj
bfn Aev]sanepw ]ptcmKanm Ignnp BfpI
s]mnncnp t]mIXs sNpw.
{Xn`ph\koaISpXnnhnpw
{Xn]pSnapSnpsXfnnSpZo]w
I]SbXnpIcamIphose
p]\njZpnclkytamntSWw.
Fp ]mSnbnp {_hnZzc\mb \mcmbWKpcpkzmanI kzcq
]kam[nbn hn{iakpJw A\p`hnpsImncpXv an.]Wn
ImWn A`ymkamw sImmbncppshpw t\tca
dnp X\np Xs m\mNmcy\n\nv knn A\p`ssh
IthZyamb mt\m]tZiw sImmbncppshpw Atl
ns AthmknIfn A]qw Nnesnepw Adnbphm
\nSbmbnpv. ]t {io temI\mYWn, {io Nnkzman
Ifpw {io \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpw Ah Xnep _s
n {]kvXmhnnp `mKw Incppshn Cu kmlkn\p
apXncpIbnmbncppshmWv Fs hnizmkw.
Cu hnjbsn ]{X]wnIfn hmZ{]XnhmZ \S
psImncpImev 99mamv ao\amkw 13mw XobXn {]mp
fp {io ]ctaizc]n AhIfpsS hkXnbnshp ]n
tcn {io \mWp]n AhIfpw \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpambn
Hcp kw`mjWw \Sp.
9
Ap {io NnkzmanXncphSnI ico
cmkzmyw aqew AhnsS hn{ianpIbmbncpp. {io Xo
]mZ]calwkkzmanI, {io Icphm IrjvW\mim, sIm\mp
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32 AssZzXNnm]Xn
{io \mcmbW]n, {]mpfw {io ]ctaizc ]n apXemb
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kw`mjWw
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pXv. AXmWp _w. hnNmcwsImp ImSnbnse
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kbpq Fpw ImWmdmIpw. Atm Fmw {]mXn
digitized by www.sreyas.in
33
`mknIw Fphcpw. B t_m[w Ddbvptm Ctmgs
Poht_m[w amdpw. ]ns _an. apnbmbn.
Cu kw`mjWhpw taev]d hmkvXhs sXfnbnp
XmWsm?
{io N n kzm an Xn cp h Sn I ay nepw injy {] [m \n
Ifmb {io\mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpw {io Xo]mZ]calwk
kzmanIfpw Ccp`mKfnepambn Ccpp Hcp t^mtmsbSpXpw
Cu kw`mjWZnhkambncpp. AXns\n,
t\tc \Spp Kpcp]mZcnSwhewX
t]cm injycnXpanencpp \mbv
tXmcmsX _mjv]\nctbmSp \app In
mcm \anXn\pS ]SsamsSpp.
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NnkzmanXncphSnIfpsS kam[nImetmSSpv \mcmbWKp
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10
Cu cp tmIfn\npw Xs Kpcp\mY\mb Nn
kzmanXncphSnIfn kXzhpw EjnXzhpw alm{]`pXzhpw
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
34 AssZzXNnm]Xn
]cn]qIem\n[nXzhpw ImWm Ign \mcmbWKpcpkzm
anIv, ipIhmhnqsS (ipI{_jn apn{]m]n
ktZymapnZzmcm) Dbp ]cathyman AhnSpv B`m\w
sNpXpw ImWm Ignp.
IjvSw! C{Xsbmsbmbnpw almmhmb {io\mcmbW
KpcpkzmanIfpsS KpcpXzs tNmZyw sNm Nne kcm
Ip Xv N n kzm an Xn cp h Sn I fpsS eLp Xzs m]n m
\mtWm Fp kwibntnbncnpp.
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Xzapmbncpp Fv AhcpsS ams ]nXpScm Ignn
p Bpw ImWm hp Xm Wv . B \nebv v A\y m cpsS
Aymkw Hcp hn[nepw A[njvTm\s kv]inpX
sm, Fp kam[m\nmw.
Cu Kpcp in jy _ s n bp {]kv Xm h\ Aev ]w
ZoLn p t]m bn p s n epw, Cu hnj b s p dnp hfsc
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kzman XncphSnIfpsS Hcp Ffnb {]injys\ \nebn Hcp
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tmbXmWv.
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kzmanXncphSnIfpsS ap cp kymkninjym {_
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lwkkzmanIfpamsWpXn Bpw ]mcantm?
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35
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pv . Ahn Spp cNn n p tbmK c l ky Iu apZn F
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\mbno Ctlw Xs Kpcp\mYs tbmKm\k{Zm
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{]`mjW sNbvXv lnpkapZmbs {]_pamn Xop
hm\pw BWv {ianXv. AhnSpp {io NnkzmanIfpsS jjvTn
]qnkvamcIambn 1089 Nnw 8mw XobXn, Xncphm Xmeq
n Fgpaq F tZiv hnZym[ncmPXo]mZ]ca`m
cm{iaw F t]cn Hcp kymkm{iaw m]nnpv. B
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bsSp KpcpIpense BZys Ipe]Xn {_{io hnZym
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{io\oeIWvTXo]mZkzmanIfpw Bbncpp. B KpcpIpew
m]nphm kIe{iafpw sNbvXXv {io Xo]mZ]ca
lwkkzmanI Bbncpp FXv {]tXyIw {]kvXmhyamWv.
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
36 AssZzXNnm]Xn
IqSmsX hmgq Xo]mZm{iaw apXemb m]\fpw Ahn
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Xs kymkinjy]ccbpsS A[nImcmhImifn Ccn
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Cpw \Spt]mcpp.
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kmZnncp {io Xo]mZ]calwkkzmanIsfn tIm
h tIcfcbn A[nIw Dsp tXmpn. \mb kap
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sNbvXpw kapZmbkwLS\bvpthn {]hnpw AhnSpp
tIcfw Hpp kcnncpp. AhnStbvp kymknIfmbpw
Krlmcmbpw A\h[n injymcpmbnpv. Cp Xo
]mZ]ccbn ImWp k\ymknIfn `qcn`mKhpw AhnSs
injymcmWv. Xncph\]pcw lnpalnfmancns P\bn
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m]\wXs {io Xo]mZ]calwk kzmanIfpsS \nti
{]Imcw Dmbnp HmsWv {ioaXn Nn AhI Xs
]etmgpw ]dbpIbpw tcJsSppIbpw sNbvXnpv.
Cs\ Cu aqp kymkninjymcptSbpw temIm\p{K
l]cfmb {]hrnIp Xmpw XWepambn \nnpXv
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ns t\XrXzw hlnpItbm henb P\qn {]kwKn
pItbm sNbvXncpnsnepw AhnSs Znhykti apI
fn hnhcns {]Imcw t\cnpw injymcnIqSnbpw tIcf
n\v Hcp \ho\kwkvImcs Dfhmn: kkapZmbfnepw
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37
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hsc ImWpIbn. sImmcnepw IpSnenepw Hcpt]mse Ign
pIqnbncp AhnSpv shdpw km[mcWmc\mbnmWv hn
ncpXv. AtXmptm,
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kvX\bm\pkmtcW htX X]nXm bYm.
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aqeambncpp Fp a\nemm hnjaan. tIcfn Ahn
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Cv Fmw sImpw ]qPy m \p hn p {_{io
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dXn\p DZmlcWfmWv.
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dmWn Xncp a \ p sIm p Xs {io N n kzm an Xn cp h Sn Isf
hcpn aXhnjbIamb m\w kmZnnpXmbn tIhn
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CXpsImsmw sXfnbpXv, kIeIemh`\mbAhn
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aXmhew_nI kzmanXncphSnIsf kao]nmepw Ahp Ah
cpsS aXns ]caeysasp a\nemnsmSpphm
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cphSnIv bmsXmcp hnjahpanmbncpp Fv cmP{io ]n
tcn \mWp]n AhI ]etmgpw ]dptInpv.
thZm n Isf tXmev ]nv hnin jv SmssZzXw m]n m
CUy Hpp kcnv {]kwKfpw hmZfpw \Snbncp
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
38 AssZzXNnm]Xn
kimkv{X]mcwKX\pw {]XnhmZn`bcs\ A\z\m
amhpamb Hcp BNmcys\ CcnmepShv 93mwamv \njv{]
bmkw tXmev]nv, {ioic`Kh]mZcpsS P`qanbpsS A`nam\w
kwcn Hcp alm\mbncptm AssZzXhnZym]W_ncpZm
nX\mb {io ]ntcn \mWp]n AhI. Atlw Hcn
FtmSp ]dXns\bmWv: alm_pnammcmb ]WvUn
XtIkcnIt]mepw Zp{Klsap hncnp JWvU\JWvU
JmZyw apXemb {]uV{Kfnse A{]Xntjyamb bpn
hnemksf N sNp Lfn Ahbnse Nne bpn
`w K Bpw kp{K l am b hn[w Ahn Spv F\np ]e
tmgpw ImWnpXnpv . ]mmXyXXzimkv {XmcpsS
Nne imkv{XknmsImsnepw AhnSptmSv Acss
t\mnf bm sap hnNm cn v A]qw Nne k` fn
Rm ASptmgmWv Fs auVysn F\np t_m[w
hXv. AhnSpttmse k\mb Hcp almmhpm
bn ptm Fp t]mepw Rm ]e tmgpw kwi bn m dp v .
C{Xbpw ]dnp kzmanXncphSnIfpsS _pnssh`hs shfn
sSpp HcpZmlcWw ]dXnhnsS kw{Klnmw.
Infinite (]qXbn) \nv Finite (A]qX) Fs\
bpmbn F tNmZyn\p icnbmb Dcansp {io hnth
Im\kzmanI ]dp ImWpp. B hnjbsn AhnSp
t bv p A`n {]mbw FmWv ? Fn s\ bp {io
]ntcn \mWp]n AhIfpsS tNmZyn\v ]caKpcp]mZ
\evInb adp]Sn Cu tNmZyn Finite Dmbn Fp k
Xnnptm? AXn\mtcmSpw sXfnhmhiysnn. Fs\
FpXnse At\zjWapp. Dmb nXnp Fs\bpw
DmImw, ]t Dmtbm FmWt\zjntXv.
CXv B almmhns alma\ojnXzn\p sXfnhmWv.
Fs\sbm ]cn]qhkvXp {_sampam{Xtabpq.
A]qfmsWp tXmph AXn Iev]nXfmWv. Iev]n
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t_m [ ap tm Iev ]n X h kv Xp t_m [ hp an . Ah cpw
imkv{XZrjvSnbn hn`nm[nIcWfmWv. B \nebn ]q
amb Hns\ k Xn p tm A]qX Fs\ Dmbn
digitized by www.sreyas.in
39
Fp tNmZynt\ Ahkcan. AXn\memWv A]qX
Dmtbm? FmWt\zjntsXv AhnSpp ]dXv.
Hcp tNmZyhpw icnb. icnbmhpIbpan. As\bncns
A_amb tNmZyns Dchpw A_amtb Ccnp F
hnSpp ]dbmdpmbncpp. AhnSps kao]np Pnm
kpfpsS tNmZysf \Xpt]mse hnainv tNmZyta A_
amsWhp t_myw hchn[n shfnsSpn
smSpptXmsS B hnjbnep kIe kwibhpw B
PnmkpIp XocpIbmbncpp ]Xnhv. Xnanw Ahn
Ss injymv GXp imkv{XhmZfnepw \n`bw hnlcn
phm Ignbpambncpp. km[mcWthZmnI tmInI
gnm\mWv HcppI. AhnSps Ifcnbn ]cnioenhv
BZyhkm\w GXp `mKhpw A`n\bnm Xs Ignbpambncp
p. Cs\, {io hnthIm\kzmanI ]dXpt]mse Hcp
ApXa\pjy (I met a remarkable man FmWp Nnkzm
anXncphSnIsf Itijw {io hnthIm\kzmanI ]dXv)
Bbn temIm\p{Klmw Fgp]Xphjtmfw eoebm Imew
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fp ip n AhI fpsS AXnYnbmbn ]\ kn. ]n. ]n.
kvamcI hmb\imebn hn{ianphcsh 99mamv taSamkw
23mw \v ]I aqp aWn kabv hntZlap\mbn.
B{ia
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SnXambn bmsXmpw {]hnnn. Fm AhnSps A\p
{Kl]m{Xhpw temItssaI\ncX\pamb {ioam Ipfp
ipn AhIfpsS ]cn{ia^eambn AhnSps kam[n
ep _me`mctIizcw F Hcp ]pWyt{Xw m]nnp
v. IqSmsX AhnsS \Snhcp hnZymebmZnIfpw AhnSps
kvamcIfmWv. {io Xo]mZ]calwkkzmanXncphSnIfm
m]nsnp hmgq Xo]mZm{iahpw Fgpaq ]ca`
mcm{iahpw, AhnSps ]ccsb \ne\nntmcp ]pWym
{iafmWv. AXpt]mseXs kXv{ioam\pw ]ca`\pam
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
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40 AssZzXNnm]Xn
bncp Xmgtmp {ioam thepnbhI Xs Kpcp
\mY\mb {io \oeIWvTXo]mZkzmanIfpsS kam[nev
(Icp\mKnbn) m]nnp t{Xhpw Xw_ambn
\Snhcp kwkvIrX kvIq apXemb [m]\fpw
{io NnkzmanXncphSnIfpsS BZisf \ne\nnsmp
t]mcphbmIpp.
{KcN\
{io NnkzmanXncphSnIfpsS PohnXnse Hmtcm \nan
jhpw temIv D]Imc{]Zamb hn[nemWv AhnSpp \bn
npXv. At\IhninjvS{K AhnSpp cNnnpsp
appXs ]dnptm? ]t D]t`mmfpsS `mKyhn
]cybw sImv Ahbn `qcn`mKhpw Cpw A{]IminXfm
bn m Wn cn p Xv . Ahn Sps {K c N \ sb nbpw apw
1096mamp thZm[nImc\ncq]Wns `qanIbn {io \oe
IWvTXo]mZkzmanI FgpXnbnpXns\bmWv. Ahn
Sps ]cnNbw F\np knnXmb Imew apX Cu apn
\mep kwhcn\nSbn Rm XrmZw Zinptmsgms
AhnSpv GXmZrialm\n_cN\bn kabw hybw sNbvXn
cpXmbn Incpp. Cns\bp {KcN\IfpsS {]kno
IcWw {Zhymt]hpw Xzmcm, A\ymt]hpw BIbmembn
cnmw cN\bnset]mse {]ISoIcWn AhnSptbvp
\nanmXv . {_hnZzcobm\mb AhnSptbv v Cu
Imcyn h DZmko\hZmko\Xzw Fs\ t\mnbmepw
kam[m\apXmWv. s]kn tImnbmbn FgpXn kw{Klnn
cp Ahn Sps IrXn X P fn anXpw Cu ZoL Im e
nSbn tXpampt]mbnpw AhtemIt\mkpIcpsS
ssIhiw s]npw \jvSambnoXv P\XbpsS `mKyhn]cybw
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ta]d hn[n AhnSpp cNnnp kaXkm
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HmWv Cu AssZzXNnm]Xn. CXv AhnSs B{inX\mb
Hcp `s At] A\pkcnv FgpXnbXmbnmWv Adnbp
Xv. ASnb\v A[nIw ]pkvXIw hmbndnbphm {]m]vXnbn;
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sb t]cn B `\v FgpXnsmSp t\mpIfpsS kam
lmcamWv Cu {Kw. At\IamfpI ]e {]mhiyw ]In
A\h[n ]mTt`Zfpw sshIeyfpw t\cn ISemkpXppI
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tim[\thfbn Bibt`Zw hcmsX `mjm]camb Nne kzmX
{y Nne `mKv sNeptnhnpapv. Xnanw Cu
]pkvXIn h kvJmenXyfpw kw`hnnpsn AXn
\p DchmZn Rm am{XamWv. almP\ B hI kvJmen
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cnmsap {]tXyIw Adnbnp sImpp.
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XXzakn, NXptZalmhmIy, {ipXnkmcalmhmIy
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tkm AwK thZ bZn hm \ thZ.
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spthm Ctbm? FpXns\ ]camIminep PKns
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42 AssZzXNnm]Xn
Ay\v Hcph\p am{Xta Adnbm Ignbq; AYhm Ah\pw
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kmcw.) F EtKzZnse \mkZobkqfns Cu
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bm ZnMvam{Xambn Ahsbn Nnnnp aptmp t]mImw. Cu
{]]w FhnsS \npw hXpa Fpw t]mIppan. CXns
kz`mhw CsXmssbmWv, Fp kz`mhhmZnIfmb Nmm
Imcpw, {]]n\v D]mZm\ImcWw ]camWpfpw \nan
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digitized by www.sreyas.in
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fmbn kzoIcnXpsImp tZiImehkvXpIrXfmb ]cn
tZw t\cnSpIbm A\nXyXzhpw Xzmcmiq\yXzhpw kw`hnpw.
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cnmhpX. Fmw iq\yamsWp ]dbp _um iq\y
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ant Ccnq Fv {]Xy{]amWw sImpInp) m\amWv.
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tbbpw acpacoNnIbn Pe{]XoXntbbpw Dfhmppv. AXp
digitized by www.sreyas.in
45
sImv B khpw Pehpw hmkvXhamsWv Bcpw AwKoI
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b amdpp (_m[npp)snepw m\w Ahbnsemw
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`mKp tZlm`nam\nbmbn hnp HmWsm Poh.
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mWp Pohs hnizmkw. Xs A\p`hs icnbmbn ]cntim
[np t\mnbm B hnizmkw \ncIamsWp Poh\p a\
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
46 AssZzXNnm]Xn
nemIpw. Pm{KXv, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn Fo AhIfmWtm
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amsWp tXmppapv. \Xpt]mse Nnnpt\mnbm Cu
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kmyfmb Pm{Kz]v\ kpjp]vXyhIp kbnm
bvIbm Ah kmnt_m[am{XfmWv. Cu kmnt_m[s
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tXmnb {]]s apgph ]cntim[np t\mnbm Ah
km\n AJWvUamb Hcp Adnhpam{Xw AhtijnpXmbn
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hmp XphnXp ]nbnXmZnaqe
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dnbWaobdnsshIcq]ytaIpw.
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]d Bibs A\p{Klnppv. kXyw m\a\w
digitized by www.sreyas.in
47
{_, {]m\w {_ Fns\bp D]\njZzmIyfpsS
icnbmb Ahpw CXpXsbmWv. C{XbpwsImv \m\mhn
[n tXmp {]]w Dmbnt Cspw AXv hmkvXh
ZrjvSnbn m\kzcq]amb Bmhv {_w am{XamsWpw
a\nemmhpXmWv.
krjvSn {]{InbbpsS Dtiyw
Fm Cu t_m[w _pnhnImkap Dam[nImcn
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ImcWamb {_s am[nImcnIpIqSn a\nemnsm
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ppv. {IakrjvSn Fpw bpK]krjvSn Fpw cphn[
amWv krjvSn{Iaw thZn ImWpXv. XkvamZzm GXkvam
Zm\ BImix kw`qXx BImimZzmbpx Cs\ {Ia{]Imc
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{]]hpw kz]v\{]]w Ft]mse Htc kabpmbXmWv
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t]cp ]dbppv. Fs\bp krjvSnbmbmepw AXv Bm
hn Iev]nXamIbm AXns\ Aymtcm]samWp ]dbpXv.
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kw JeznZw {_, CuizmhmkyanZw kw apXemb thZm
hmIy Cu A]hmZX{s shfnsSpphbmWv.
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
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48 AssZzXNnm]Xn
C\nbpw, Aymtcm]ntbpw A]hmZntbpw ayhn
bmbn Hcp hyman{i`mhw IqSnbpsp Nne imkv{Xm
]dbpp. AXv, {_hpw {]]hpw ImcWZrjvSym HmsW
snepw kam[nZibn (thZmhnNmcZibn) HmsW
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N\ob eWtmSpIqSnb) Hcp kZv`mhapspIqSn hmZnp
Xm Wv . kqn p t\m n bm Cu aqp Zrjv Snbpw B
kmmmcku[ntebvv BtcmlWw sNm thn
bYm{Iaw \n_nnp aqp tkm]m\fmsWv Adnbp
hm Ignbpw. kmam\ya\pjy\p {]]apsp tXmpXv
Btcm]ZrjvSnbpw bunIt_m[n ImcyImcW Hm
sW\panmsanepw cst]mse A\p`hapffXn\m Imcy
ns B A\nhN\obk hyman{iZrjvSnbpw, thZmhn
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hninjvSmssZzXw, AssZzXw Fp aqmbn ]dphcpXv. Cu
ZrjvSnt`Zns Dtiysn,
Btcm]ZrjvSnc]hmZIZrjvSntchw
hyman{iZrjvSncnXn ZrjvSnhn`mKta\w
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adI `ph\krjvSn{]{IawsNmXmta
digitized by www.sreyas.in
49
Fv {_mRvPenbnepw ({io ]cam\\mY]mZ) ]dn
pv.
C{Xam{XwsImv {]]w Bmhn Iev]nXamsWv,
thZm imkv {Xw knm n p Xns Dtiyw kmam \y ambn
shfn s p Im Wp sap hniz kn p p. Aym k sa pw, amb
Fpw, hnhsapw ]dbpXv Cu Aymtcm]snbmWv.
NmmIs kz`mhhmZw apX apImWns ]sfmw
Cu Aym tcm ] n AS p Xmbn kqn m e dn bm hp
XmWv.
Fm aXfpw Htc eyntebvv
B NnmKXnIsfmw ]Sn]Snbmbn AssZzX`qanIbnte
bvp BtcmlW{Iaw am{XamWv. Fm NmmImZnaX
JWvUnspImWpXv ]q`qanIbn\nv Dc`qanIbn
tep Ibdphm\p {]tNmZ\s Dtinpam{XamIpp. CXp
a\nemnbm Ah ]ckv]chn`nfspw {]XypX {Ia
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mmcn Fnphm\p amfmsWpw Adnbp
hm IgnbpXmWv.
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sNpsXv Hcp Iq DZvtLmjnpXp tIptm {]N
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knp DeqIhrfpsS kvacW am{Xta AkvamZrimp
mIppp.
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mw. AXnse BZys {]I c W amb Aym tcm ]m ] hm Z X {
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nsetmse {IakrjvSn A\pkcnv Aymtcm]m]hmZsf
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50 AssZzXNnm]Xn
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Xzw ]Z e ym amb IqS ssN X \yhpw Hm sWp
m]nbmWv {]mtbW sNbvXnpXpw. Fm Hgnhnsem
Spw apX emb Xan{K fn XXv ]Z e ym amb
{_tbpw Xzw ]Zeymamb IqSs\bpw AXn{I
anv kzm\p`hmXoXambn {]Iminp ipinhw XsbmWv
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mIp AJWvUmImchrncq]mt\mZbn Xs Ahn
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Fp _rlZzmnInepw,
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kzmymb[]TnXw \nPthZimJm
thZm`qanKXamZc]menXw N
kymkn\m ]cZrim KpcptWm]ZnjvSw
kmmlmhN\tah hnapntlXpx.
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sNbvXv a\\\nZnymk\ sImpdnm AXpXsbmWv
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p Cu almhmIyfpsS As thhw Nnnpd
nm {_mssIym\wXs knnpXmWv. {_m
ssIy{]Xn]mZfmb Cu almhmIysf, ssZzXnIfpw hnin
jv Sm ssZz Xn Ifpw Ah c h cpsS aX n \ \p cq ] amb hn[ n
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{ipXnkmcalmhmIy
{ipXnkmcalmhmIyfpsS hymJym\amWv ASp {]I
cWw. AhnsS \nimX[njWimenbmbncp ]caKpcptZhs
thZmimkv{X]mcwKXXzw \Xpt]mse ImWm IgnbpXm
Ipp. AXn AssZzXimkv{Xnse Zp{Klfmb ]e a
fpw efnXambn {]Iminnv A\p`sshIthZyamb {_\n
jvTmkzcq]w \Xpt]mse hyamopv. Cs\ \mep {]I
cW Dsmncnp Cu hninjvS{Kw {im]qw
]Tnp Hcp apapphn\v ]ca]pcpjmamb tamw ssIh
cpI Xs sNpw.
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
52 AssZzXNnm]Xn
D]kwlmcw
]ca`mc{io NnkzmanXncphSnIsf ImWpItbm Ahn
Sps BZisfmsWv a\nempIt]meptam sNmsX
AhnSps {][m\injymcmsWp km[pfmb `msc
sXncnnv HcphI XncphmXncIfnbpsSbpw ]SbWn Xpen
sbpw coXn bn aX {] N cWw \S p Hcp Iqw Bfp I
Ctm XncphnXmwIqdns \m\m`mKpw NpnncnbpXmbn
dnbpp. bmsXmcp ]pkvXIhpw hmbncpXv, ]pkvXIw Xnm
akvXIw \odpw Fns\bp D]tZi sImSppw amkva
chnZy apXembXpsImp km[pfpsS lrZbw Ihpw \S
p B BNmcy\ymcn\np P\kmam\ys cnm
{io NnkzmanXncphSnIfpsS D]tZik{Zmbw Fs\bp
Xmbncppshp Pnmkpp shfnsSpnsmSpp
hm Cu {]knoIcWw D]ImcsSWsapIqSn hnNmcan
mXn.
Cu {]kvXmh\ Aev]w ZoLnpt]msbnepw CXns
{]knoIcWspdnpIqSn cphmp ]dtbnbncnpp.
Xo]mZk{Zmb{]XnjvTm]I\mbncp ]ca`mc {io N
nkzmanXncphSnIfpsS injy{][m\\pw AhnSps almkam
[np tijw B Kpcp]ccbnse Ipe]Xnbpambncp Akva
Zv Kp cp ]m Z, {_{io Xo ]m Z ] c a lw k kzm an ]m Z fpsS
kvamcIambn {io Xo]mZob [{Kmhen Ft]cn
hmgq Xo]mZm{ian \np k\mX\[{]Xn]mZI
fmb {K XpSbmbn {]knoIcnWsap R
Xocpam\nnpv. AXntebvv kzmanIfpsS injy{]injymcmb
kymknamcpw Krlmcpaps Hcp kanXn Xo]mZ
[{]Imin\n F \man Cu Bs AhnSps alm
kam[nZn\amb Nnw ]mw XobXn D{XmXn\mfn hmgq
Xo]mZm{ians B`napJyn cq]oIcnp. AXnse `c
WkanXn AwK ta]dbs {]knoIcWn\pthn
k`bpsS Ay\mb Ftbpw ImcyZinbmb ]WvUnv kn.
cmaIrjvW\mb (BbpthZmNmcy, sNdphn) AhItf
bpamWv NpaXesSpnbnpXv. AX\pkcnp Xo]mZo
digitized by www.sreyas.in
53
b[{Kmhenbnse {]Ya]pkvXIambnv R Xncs
SpXv Cu AssZzXNnm]XnXsbmWv.
]c{_kzcq]\mbn {]IminpsImncnp B ]ca`
mc `Kh]mZcpsS ]cn]mh\kvacWtbmSpIqSn Cu AssZzX
Nn m ] Xnsb [ X ev ] c cmb alm P \ fpsS ap]n
kmZcw kanpsImpp.
Cu {Kw ]cntim[npXn\v thhn[w Fs klm
bnpIbpw Nne kmtXnI]Zp SnWn FgpXntp
]pkv XIw icn bmbn ]In cn Ibpw sNbv XXv Fs
kXoy\pw BhnZymhnimcZ\pamb ]WvUnv kn. cmaIr
jvW\mb (BbptZmNmcy) AhI (sNdphn) BWv.
AXp t]mse Cu {]kn o I c W n\p [\ ] c amb klmbw
sNbvXpw apw tht{]mml\w \evInbXv Kpcp]mZcpsS injy
{][m\\pw AssZzXimkv{Xa\pamb {ioam sI.sI.]n
AhI (sI.hn.ancw, Npw, tImbw) BIpp. ta]db
s cp am\ymcpw RfpsS D _pfpw Xo]mZ
[{]Imin\nbnse AwKfpamsWnepw hmgq Xo]m
Zm{iahmknIfpsS {]Xn\n[nsb \nebn F\nv AhtcmSp
IrX X ChnsS {]tXyIw tcJ s Sp n sm p p. Cu
]pkv XIw `wKnbmbn ASnpX hn.hn.{]v DSatcmSpw
{]q^v thhn[w Xncpn ]WvUnXhtcWy\mb cm. cm.
{io tNmSv ANypXhmcy AhItfmSpw F\np ISmSns\
ChnsS hyam n sm s. R fpsS Cu {]kn o I c W
n\p almP\fpsS klmbklIcWmZnI DmIpsa
{]XotbmSpIqSn Cu {]kvXmh\ ChnsS Ahkm\nnpp.
AssZzXNnm]Xym kzmcmPyw KpanXmw
amhn]vXtb `qbmZnbw {]kvXmh\m kZm.
Fv {]km[I,
hnZym\Xo]mZkzman
Xo]mZm{iaw,
hmgq
22.06.1121
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
54 AssZzXNnm]Xn
ASnpdnpI
1. CtlamWv {io icc`KhXv]mZcpsS {][m\ injy\mb kptcizcmNm
cy.
2. htm, NnkzmanXncphSnIfpsS kam[n kw_nsgpXnbXv.
3. Cu `mKw {InkvXpaX\ncq]Wns ]q]oTnIbnepXmWv.
4. Cu Ncn{X`mK {_{ioammcmb Xo]mZ]calwkkzmanI, ]c
am\\mY, {io ]ntcn \mWp]n Fo almmcn\nmWv Adn
bphm IgnnpXv.
5. {io. ]dhq tKm]me]n FgpXnb {io NnkzmanI 364mw t]Pv.
6. Cu Fgpv {io \oeIWvTXo]mZkzman Ncn{Xkapbw F {K
n 53mw t]Pn {]knsSpnbnpv.
7. {io \o. Xo. ]m. Ncn{Xkapbw 60mw t]Pv.
8. 1058 BWv Ah Xn IsXp {_{io Xo]mZ]calwk
kzmanIfn\ndnbpp.
9. ]ntcn \mWp]n AhIfpsS Ipdnn\nsSpXv.
10. {io ]dhq tKm]me]n FgpXnb {io NnkzmanIfpsS PohNcn{Xw,
399mw t]Pv.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
55
AssZzX Nnm]Xn
I
Aymtcm]m]hmZ
AJ ]cn]qknZm\ambn {]Iminp {_h
kvXphn, cphn kw, mWphn ]pcpj, Im\en
Pew, ipnbn cPXw, BImin IrjvWhw apXem
bh Btcm]nXfmbn tXmpXpt]mse aqe{]IrXn Fsmcp
in *hnhambn (hnhw Hcp hkvXphns\ asmmbn
tXmpXns\ hnhsav ]dbpp: Ahmc`m\p
hnhtm cpkhXv.)tNjvSnp. B aqe{]IrXnbn\nv,
{_kn[m\ hntijm kzw cPv, Xav Cs\
aqp hnIrXKpW Dmbn.Ahbn kzw Dahpw, cPv
ay a hpw, Xav A[ a hp am Ip p. kz Kp W ns \ndw
shfppw ctPm Kp W n tXv Npapw Xtam Kp W n tXp
IdppamWv. Cu aqpKpWfpw Hmbnv Hncpmepw Ah
bn GsXnepw Hv A[nIambncnpw. Cu KpWsf apqv
(HXv) `mKfmbn hn`Pnmw.Ah, kzn kzw, kz
n cPv, kzn Xav, cPn kzw,cPn cPv,
cPn Xav, Xan kzw, Xan cPv,Xan Xav
Fp hyhlcnsSpp. kzKpWns kajvSn`mhs
ambsbpw ctPmKpWns kajvSn`mhs AhnZysbpw
Xtam Kp W ns ka jv Sn `m hs Xmakn Fpw ]dp
hcpp. Ahbn kzn kzn \nv hnjvWp, kz
n cPn\nv {_mhv, kzn Xan \nv cp{Z
Fo {XnaqnIfpw, cPn kzn \np Xzm
\nI cPn cPn \nvI\njvTm,cPn Xan
\nv Bekyw, \n{Z, abw, ChtbmSpIqSnb am Cs\
aqp hI Pohmcpw Xan kzn \nv AxIcW
digitized by www.sreyas.in
56 AssZzXNnm]Xn
, mt\{nb Chbpw, Xan cPn\nv {]Wm
Znhmbp, It{nb Chbpw, Xan Xan\nv
BImimZn]alm`qXfpw Dmbn.Fs\sbm BIm
itmSv GXmv D]anmhp {_ ssNX\yw ap]dbs
Fm KpWfnepw {]Xn^enpw. kzKpWn, \ne
ZWn kqcy_nw_wt]mse, {_ssNX\yw keW
ambn {]Xn_nw_npw B {]Xn_nw_ssNX\yn\v Cuizcs\
mWv \maw. kz KpWw Cuizcs Imc W i co c am Ipp.
AXns\ Cuizcs kpjp]vXyhsbpw B\abtImi
sapw IqSn imkv{Xfn ]dphcpp.
ta] d b s Imc W i co cs Rms\ `n am \n p
Cuizc\v, Cuizc, AhymIrX,Aman Fns\ aqv
A`nam\\mafpv.
{XnaqnI
kzKpWabnbmb ambbn, kzn kzw, kz
n cPv, kzn Xav Fv aqp KpWhn`mKfp
tm. Ahbn kzn kzw {][m\amIptm AXn
{]Xn_nw_n Cuizc\v PKns\ cntlXphmbnv hnjvWp
shpw, kzncPv {][m\amIptm AXn {]Xn_nw
_n Cuiz c\v PK ns\ krjv Sn tl Xp hm bnv {_m
shpw,kzn Xav {]m[m\amIptm AXn {]Xn
_nw_n Cuizc\v PKns\ kwlcntlXphmbnv cp{Zs\pw
t]cpI ]dbsSpp. Cu {XaqnIfpsS KpWfn k
Xzw, k kzm [o \ Xzw, kmn Xzw, \n e Xzw, PK Xv
IrXzw, AIrXzw, A\yYmIrXzw, ambmhinXzw apX
embhIqSnbpv. Chsbmw Xs kzKpWn (ambbn)
Dmb Iev]\IfmIpp.
Pohm
AhnZysbp ]dbpXv ctPmKpWns kajvSn`mhs
bmWtm. B AhnZybn {_ssNX\yw aen\Pen kqcy
s\t]mse AhyambnmWv {]Xn_nw_npXv. B {]Xn
_w_nX ssNX\ys NnZm`mk (Poh) Fv imkv{X
digitized by www.sreyas.in
57
fn hyhlcnpp. Pohs ImcWicochpw B\abtImihpw
kpjp]Xyhbpw AhnZyXsbmIpp. AhnZymabamb Imc
Wicocs Rms\`nam\np Poh\v {]m, ]mcamn
I, Ahnn Cs\ aqv A`nam\\ma IqSnbpv. Pohm
m, XfpsS D]m[nIfn kzKpWw hnncpm
kmzn I mcpw cPp hn n cp m cmP k mcpw Xav
hn n cp m Xma m cp am bn o cp p. Pohm m v
Ah AhnZymhiKmcmIbm InnXzhpw ipkzc
lnXmcmIbm AhnthInXzhpw B`mkmcmIbm {_
ssNX\yns {]Xn_nw_fmIbm At\IXzhpw Ahn
Zybn\npw kzbw amdn\nevm IgnbmsX AXnt\mSv tNp
\nevbm Imtcym]m[nIXzhpw IrXzhpw t`mrXzhpw
kpJnXzhpw ZpxJnXzhpw Albpw aaXbpw tamlnXzhpw ap
apmIpp. kmznIm m\\njvTsImv tamtbpw
cmP k m I \n jv T sImv Cl ] c fn ep KXm K X Xz
tbpw {]m]n pw. Xma k m cm I s, Be ky \n {Zm Zn Ip
hisv Cu temInencpp Xs ZpxJa\p`hnpw. Ch cmP
kKpWnep Iev]\IfmIpp.
BImimZn alm`qX
Cuizcs ambmabamb C\nanw AyKpWamb Xa
mIs (Xmakoin) AhcWw hnt]w Fv cp inI
fmbn thsncnpw. Ahbn BhcWin `bImZnIh
ImiapXmbpw hnt]in \m\mhn[ZriyhImiap
Xmbpw ]dbsSpp. XmakKpWn\v BhcW hnt]
cq]ambnocm kzbw inbn. PohtImSnIsmw A\p
t`mKn\p XXmb km[\ DmIhw XtamKpWw
Cuiztc\nanw BhcW hnt]cqt]W ]cnWanpIbm
WpmbXv. BhcWhnt.inIfn Am\s Adn
hnmbvasb BhcWsapw, Adnhns\ \m\mXzt_m[s
hnt]insbpw AdntbXmIpp. Cu cp inI
fn shv BhcWw hkvXpkz`mhs adbvp kz`mhtm
SpIqSnbXpw, hnt]w hkvXphns\ ]eXmnop kz`m
htmSpIqSnbXpamWv. X\npXm Xs Xpey\mbnp Cuiz
ct\bpw Bm\nIfmb almmtcbpw Hgnv tZlw Rms\v
Aymtcm]m]hmZ
digitized by www.sreyas.in
58 AssZzXNnm]Xn
A`nam\nncnp aqV_pnIfpsS Dn ktZmZbambn {]Im
inpsImncnp m\ZrjvSnsb sISppamdv BhcW
in AImcabamb agmes Aamhmkn F t]mse
adpsImncnpw. As\bncnpXn\m IqS{_amb
A[n jv Tm \ ssNX \y n\pw Poth iz c m sc p Btcm ]
pw Xnep t`Zsn teihpw Adnhm ]mSnm
hn[w Pohmv AXzw `hnpw. AXn\m B BhcWi
nbmIs Ahkm\anmsX \nccambn ItTmcambncnp
P\\acWmZn thZ\Isf DmpXn\p D]m[nbmbno
cpp. C\n hnt]insbn ]dbmw. hnt]inbn\nv
i_vZXm{Xbmb BImihpw, BImin \nv kv]iX
m{Xamb hmbphpw hmbphn\nv cq]Xm{Xbmb Anbpw,
Anbn\nv ckXm{Xbmb Pehpw, Pen\nv KX
m{Xbmb ]rYnhnbpw Dmbn. Cu kqva`qXv ImcW
ambncnp hnt]inbn kzmZnKpW ASnbn
cnpIbm kqva`qXfpw ImcWs A\pkcnv {XnKpWm
I XsbmIpp, B kqva`qXv A]oIrX
]alm`qXsfpw Xm{XIsfpw IqSn t]cpIfpv.
kqvaicotcm]n
BImiw apXemb kqva `qX {XnKpWmIfm
bncnbm Ahbn
i_vZXm{XbpsS kmznI kajvSn`mKw m\hpw
kv]i a\pw
cq] _pnbpw
ck Nnhpw
K ` Almchpw
i_vZXm{XbpsS kmznI hyjvSn`mKw t{imt{X{nbhpw
kv]i XzKn{nbhpw
cq] t\t{Xnbhpw
ck Pntlz{nbhpw
K ` {LmtW{nbhpw
i_vZXm{XbpsS cmPkkajvSn`mKw kam\hmbphpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
59
kv]i hym\hmbphpw
cq] DZm\hmbphpw
ck A]m\hmbphpw
K ` {]mWhmbphpw
i_vZXm{XbpsS cmPk hyjvSn`mKw hmKn{nbhpw
kv]i ]mWo{nbhpw
cq] ]mtZ{nbhpw
ck Kptly{nbhpw
K KptZ{nbhpw
Bbnocpp.
ta hnhcnshbn m\w t{imt{X{nbw kam\
hmbp hmKn{nbw Ch \mepw i_vZ Xm{XbptSbpw, a\v XzKn
{nbw hym\hmbp ]mWo{nbw Ch \mepw kv]iXm{XbptS
bpw, _pn t\t{X{nbw DZm\hmbp ]mtZ{nbw Ch \mepw cq]
Xm{XbptSbpw Nnw ckt\{nbw A]m\hmbp Kptly{nbw
Ch \mepw ckXm{XbptSbpw, Almcw {LmtW{nbw {]mW
hmbp KptZ{nbw Ch \mepw KXm{XbptSbpw IqdpI (Aw
i) BIpp
m\ km[ \ : ] Xm {X I fpsS kmznI
kajvSn`mKfmb AxIcW Apw kmznI hyjvSn
`mKfmb mt\{nb Apw m\km[\fmIpp.
AxIcWw ] `q Xm I sap sXfn bn mw.: AxIcWw
BImiw t]mse kIen\pw CSw sImSpp [cnpXn\m
B [mcWbvp km[Iamb m\w BImimwihpw. hmbpsh
Xpt]mse kev]hnIev] cqt]W NenpXn\m B Ne\
hr n bmb a\v hmbzw i hpw, An sb tmse hnj b sf
{]IminnpXn\m B {]Imihrnbmb _pn Ayw
ihpw, Pestmse knepw khnjbfnepw
tNncnbm B hym]Ihrnbmb Nnw Pemwihpw, `qan
sbtmse kIehnjbfnepw ITn\ambn A`nam\nncnp
Xn\m B A`nam\hrnbmb Almcw ]rYzywihpw BIpp.
mt\ {n b Kp W : t{im{Xw BIm imw i am I bm
i_vZtbpw, Xzv hmwbzwiamIbm kv]itbpw t\{Xw
Aymtcm]m]hmZ
digitized by www.sreyas.in
60 AssZzXNnm]Xn
AywiamIbm cq]tbpw, ck\PemwiamIbm ckt
bpw,{LmWw ]rYywiamIbm Ktbpw am{Xw {Klnpp.
{]mWmZnhmbpfpw ]It{nbfpw
Xm{XIfpsS cmPkKpWkajvSywifmb hmbpfpw
hyjvSywifmb It{nbfpw {Inbm km[\fmIpp.
Ahbn {]mWmZn]hmbpfpsS KpW: kam\hmbp
BImimwiamIbm BImistmse icocayamb \m`n
m\ncpv `Wkm[\sf k AwKpw ]Ip
psImSppw. hym\hmbp hmbzwiamIbm hmbphns\tmse
k Aw K fnep an cpv ico cs \ne \npw. DZm \ hmbp
AywiamIbm Ansbtmse IWvTm\ncpv PTcm
nsb Pzennv A]m\mZnIsf Dntebvv ISnsmn
cnpw. A]m\hmbp PemwiamIbm Pestmse KpZm
\ n en cpp ae aq {X hn k \ \S n sm n cnpw.
{]mWhmbp ]rYzywiamIbm `qansbtmse lrZbm\n
cpv Dzmk\nzmksf sNnpw.
thsd \mK, Iq, IrIe, tZhZ, [\RvPb
Cs\ Av D]hmbpqSn Dv. Ahbn \mK On
tbbpw, Iq hn Gw, ISbv angn Ch
tbbpw, IrIe Xp henhv apXembhtbbpw, tZhZ
Nncn, hN\w tImphmbv Chtbbpw sNpw.
[\RvPb\mIs, {]mW t]mbtijhpw Zpsf
]pdsSphnpsImv ApZnhkw hsc icocnencpp hon
Xehnens\sNpw.
{]mWmZnhmbpfpw Bcfpw, t{im{XmZn mt\
{nbfpsS tNjvSbvp tlXpfpamIpp. Fm \mKmZn
] hm bp fm I s, {]mWm Zn Isf At] nv _mly fpw
hmKmZn It{nbfpsS tNjvSp ImcW`qXfpamWv.
It{nb: hmv, ]mWn, ]mZw Kplyw, KpZw Chb
pamWsm It{nb. Chbn hmv BImimwiamI
bm BImiklnXambnp hNnpIbpw., ]mWn hmbzwiamI
bm hmbpklnXambnv DbpI XmgvpI apXembh sNbvI
digitized by www.sreyas.in
61
bpw, ]mZw AywiamIbm AnklnXambnp \SpIbpw,
Kptly{nbw PemwiamIbm PeklnXambnv B\npIbpw,
KptZ {nbw ]rYzywiam I bm ]rYn hn k ln X am bnv ae hn
k\w sNbvIbpw sNpw. ta hnhcns Cu Ccp]Xp
XXzfpw kqvaicocamIpp. (]Zin apXemb {Kfn
kqvaicocw Fp ]dbpXv ]mt\{nb, ]
It{nb, ]{]mW, a\v, _pn Cs\ ]Xn
t\gp XztfbmWv. ChnsS Nnw, Almcw, m\w Cu
aqp XzsfqsS AxcW[fmbn AwKoIcnp
hnkvXcnncnpp). kqvaicocsap ]dbpXv {]mWabw,
at\mabw, hnm\abw Fp aqp tImitfmSpIqSnbXm
Ipp. {]mWmZn]Ihpw, It{nb ]Ihpw tNXn\p
{]mWabtImisapw, a\pw mt\{nb]Ihpw tN
Xn\p at\mabtImisapw _pnbpw mt\{nb]Ihpw
tNXn\p hnm\abtImisapw ]dbpp. tZh cmk
am\pjarKmZn kIePohPmepw Hmtcmcppw Hmtcm
icocambnv tImi{XbmIamb Cu kqva icocs Cuiz
c krjv Snp sImSp n p v . CXn ka jv Sn kq v a i cocw
Rms\`nam\np Cuizc\v lncWyK`, kq{Xmmhv,
alm{]mW Cs\ aqv A`nam\\mafpv. hrjvSn kqva
icocs Rms\`nam\np Poh\v ssXPk, {]mXn`m
knI, kz]v\Iev]nX Cs\ aqv A`nam\\ma ]db
sSpp. Cu kqvaicocw Xm\mbnp tXmp Ahbvp
kz]v \ sa mWv ]d bp Xv . kq v a i co cm `n am \n bmb Poh
\pkz \ c ImZn temI {]m ]v Xn bpw, Ahn sS bp kzI
^em\p` h n \p tijw Chn sS s ]p\P hp ap v . CXv
kqvaicoc Iev]\bmIpp.
qe {]]krjvSnbpw ]oIcWhpw
kpJZpxJtfmSp tNp\nevp Pohmv qe
icochpw t`mKhpw kw`hnpamdv k PohcI\mb Cuiz
c (]oIcnm kqva`qXv A]oIrX`qX
Fp t]cv. ]oIcWw C\nbpw ASpp]dbpp.) A]o
IrX ]alm`qXsf ]oIcnp. Fs\sbm, A]
oIrX ]alm`qXfpsS XmakKpW Xm{XIfn Hmtcm
Aymtcm]m]hmZ
digitized by www.sreyas.in
62 AssZzXNnm]Xn
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