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in
1
AssZzXNnm]Xn
(AymnINnI)
NnkzmanI
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2 AssZzXNnm]Xn
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3
{]kvXmh\
{io\mcmbWapJymkvtX bXtbm hnizhn{ipXmx
bXv]mZ\uIbmf]mckwkmcm_v[naXmcnjvTx.
\akvXkvssa Xo]mZk{ZmbmZntlXth
{ioaXv]ca`mctZhmb ]camt\.
bYmkzmX{yw tamamWv.
Cp am\hkapZmbn FhnsS t\mnbmepw A`qX
]q amb Hcp kzmX {y t_m[w {]I S ambn Imm \p v .
Bcy\pw {ZmhnU\pw, Imncnbpw \ot{Kmbpw, ASnas hen
sdnp kzX{cmIm aptmpIpXnpp. P\XXnbn CXn
\papsmcpImepw CXpt]mse kzmX{ykackX km
{XnIambn hym]nnnsp temINcn{Xfn\nv \apdnbp
hm Ignbpw. Cp hnbP{ioemfnXcmbn ]cneknp al
nI Xs XfpsS kzmX{ys \ne\nmthn cl
kymbp[ At\zjnp tinptm AhcpsS B[n]Xy
n IgnpIqSp P\X ]mcX{ys \om ]SshpI
bmWv. A\\nhrnbnepw, B\{]m]vXnbnepamWv bYm
kzmX{yw kp{]XnjvTnXambncnpXv. AXp t\Sm {]IrXn
hn`h kzmbamnbm aXnsbmWv Cs km[mc
Wa\pjy hnizknpI. temIns `mKt[bs \mamh
tijamnop `bc bpw IqsSqsSbpmIm\p
{][m\ImcWw a\pjys Cu hnizmkamsX asmpa. hnth
Inbmbncnt a\pjys\ arKamnop kacn Bcp
Pbnmepw Ahp icnbmb kwXr]v Xn DmhpIbn. B
hnPbw shdpw `uXnIhpw WnIhpamsWv Cs P
\nbpw Pm\pw kmyw hlnppv. a\pjy `uXnIhnj
bsf CjvSwt]mse A\p`hnp kpJnms\mcppw tXmdpw
Ah {]IrXnv A{Xtmfw ASnasSpIbmWv sNpXv.
a\pjy\v, A\nXcPpkm[mcWamb Hcp sshinjvSyapsn
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4 AssZzXNnm]Xn
AXv {]IrXnsb Pbnm\p Ahs kackX Hpam{X
amWv. kPpfpw {]IrXnp hgnsmSpptm a\p
jy am{Xw B {]IrXnsb Pbnp kzmX{yw t\Sms\mcppp.
Ahs bYmamb kzmX{ykacNcn{Xw AXmWv. B kac
n hnPbw ssIhcnh\mWv [oc\pw kzX{\pw. a\pjy
]cnipfmbn IcpXntmcp kIe kZv{Kfpw As\
bp [ocmcpsS A]Zm\sf {]IonphbmWv. thZ
fn ]pIgvnmWp P\I, bmhIy, ]pcmW{]
knmcmb {iocmaN{, {ioIrjvW, {iohymk, {ioipI,
{ioic`KhXv]mZ, A[p\mX\mcmb {iocmaIrjvW]calw
ktZh, ]ca`mc{ioNnkzmanXncphSnI XpSnb alm]p
cpjm B kzmX{ykacn hnPbw ssIhcn [octbm
mfmWv. Ah `bcamb ]ocnsImtm hniz\miIamb
AWpt_mw_psImtm Hpa Cu A{]Xntcm[ybmb {]Ir
Xnsb (ambsb) IogSnbXv. ]nstbm m\w HpsImv
am{XamWv.
Cu m\w kmznIw, cmPkw, Xmakw Fp aqphn[
apv. ]cnnfpw \izcfpambn ImWsSp \m\mhn[]
Zm fn A] cn n hpw A\ iz chpw GI hp amb kZv `m
hs shfnsSpp m\s kmznIsapw, {]]]
Zm fpsS kZv `m hs hn`n co Xn bn Imn cp
m\s cmPksapw, Hcp ]Zmns hmkvXhnXn
t_m[nmsX D]cnhcoXym Adnbp AbYmm\s
Xma k sa pw KoX bn ]d p Im Wp p. GI Xz t_m [s
m\sapw \m\mXzt_m[s hnm\sapw ]dbmw. Pohn
X k a c cw K n ambm a bn bmb {]Ir Xn tbmSp a Sn p hm
Acbpw Xebpw apdpn ]pds a\pjy Xs [njWmXqWo
cn kw`cnncp kwJymXoXfmb hnm\ic B
{]IrXnbpsSta {]tbmKnpt\mn. ]t AXpsImsmpw
bmsXmcp{]tbmP\hpw Dmbn. {]IrXn IogSnbnsp am{X
a Xs ]cmPbsSpm h {]XntbmKnIsf IogSp
IIqSn sNbvXp. i{Xp Xs ta hjn hnm\ic
B {]IrXntZhnv Hcp cmIhNambnmWp ]cnWanXv. {]Ir
Xnatlizcn Cs\ ANnyintbmSpIqSn ]ptcmKanpsIm
ncnth Xs B Zpjsb IogSm\p amsf
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5
n A]qw Nne alma\ojnI Nnnppmbncpp. s]m
ppIsImpw ipjvI]{XuLwsImpw sIn tahbmb
]mgv p Sn ep I fn Ign p Iq Sn bn cp B `mc X hj nse
]qcmwEjo{mcpsS hfsc \mfs \ncoW]coW
fpsS C{nbmXoXamb At\zjWfpsS ]cnWX^e
ambn Ip In nb HmWv ]c a c l ky amb {_m ss Iy
m\w. AXns {]mZp`mhn Xs B{]IrXn ambm
in FhnsStbm t]mbn adp. B m\w ssIhcn a\p
jys PohnXkacw Fstbvpambn Ahkm\np. Ah
]cn ]q kzm X {y n hn{i a kp J a \p ` hn p. AXs{X
A\ \n hr n k ln X amb B\ {]m ]v Xn sb dn b s Sp
tamw.
_hpw tamhpw
Cu tamsn thhadnbWsan _ImcWw
IqSn a\nemtnbncnpp. \nPkzcq]amb AssZzX{_
hkvXphn {Xn]pSncqt]W (Adnbph, AdnbsSphkvXp,
Adnhv Cu cq]n) tXmp {]]w, hmkvXamsWp
\n b n \mWv thZm n I _ sap ]d bp Xv . CXn\v
ImcWw Am\amIpp. Am\saXn\p m\m`mhsa
A\yYmm\samWv ChnSps Aw. Hcp hkvXp
hns\ asmmbn sXncnpIsbp kmcw. Hcp s]mcphp
anm hkvXpv ]ckv]cw s]mcpapsp tXmnp
Xn\m ambsbpw Hns\ ]eXmnopXn\m {]Ir
XnsbpwIqSn Am\n\pt]cpv. Cu Am\ns
\min\mWp tamsap ]dbpXv.
m\w tamkm[\w
tam{]m]vXnp temInep At\IaX hnhn[
am \ntinppsnepw Ahbnsemw {]m[m\yaln
pXv m\tbmKamIpp.
cpk{`mn \oWsan, X\yfmb `bIm
ZnI \inWsan, XZ[njvTm\amb cphns bYm
t_m[apmIWw, AmsX asmcp IIem]wsImpw B
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
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6 AssZzXNnm]Xn
{`aw \opX. AXpt]mse Am\Iev]nXamb _w
\inWsan, _cq]amb {]]n\np Poh\p \nXy
apn e`nWsan, km[njvTm\amb IqS{_ssN
X\yns kayKvt_m[apmIWw. AmsX B apn, bmKm
ZnIsImtm, Nnhrn\ntcm[cq]amb cmPtbmKw
sIm p am {Xtam knn p X . Ah Ir X { fmWv .
ImhpXs Am\Iev]nX\mIbm B Imhns
k{]hrnIfpw Am\P\yfmsWp hntijnp ]d
tbnXsm? Imcyn\p ImcWs \innm IgnIbn
sp Xzw A\pkvacnpXmbm Hcp In\pw
Am \ \m i cq ] amb apnsb {]Zm \w sN p hm Ign I bn
sp ImWmw. ktm Xv Ir jv S amb thZw Xs m\ tbm
Ks am{Xta kmm tamkm[\ambn D]tZinnpq.
XcXn timIamhnXv (Bmhns\ Adnbph timIcq]
amb kwkmcsSpp) XtahhnZnXzm AXnarXyptaXn
\m\yx]mhnZytXfb\mb. B {_s Adnnv apnsb
{]m]npp. Cu m\amsX thsdmcp amhpw apnn.
{_hnZv {_ssh `hXn ({_s Adnbph {_am
bnpXs Xocpp) \ IWm \ {]Pbm[t\\ XymtKss\tI
AarXXzam\ipx (I sImtm, km\em`w sImtm
[\w sImtm AarXXzw apn e`npX. ]nssbm,
XymK cq ] amb \m\m Xzs XyPn Xmb {_m ss Iy
m\w sImpam{Xta Nne AarXXzs {]m]nnpq) Fn
s\bp {ipXnhmIysf IqSmsX CXcimkv{Xfpw Cu
AssbmWv t_m[nnpXv.
AhnZymkvXatbm tam
CXn XmhXv kanXw
tX\ tamm`yp]mbXzw
hnZybm \ Xp IWm.
tamsaXp AhnZybpsS \miamIpp Fp kan
pIgnp. hnZysImmsX IwsImv AhnZy \inp
X.
]Tp imkv{XmWn bPp tZhm
Ipp ImWn `Pp tZhXmx
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7
BssIyt_mt[\ hn\m hnapn
knyXn {_iXmtcf]n.
(imkv {X ]Tn mepw, tZh msc Dt in p bm K
sNbvXmepw, \nXyss\annImZnI sNbvXmepw, tZhX
Isf D]mknmepw, ]camm\w CmsX hfsc Iev]
IgnmXsbpw tamw knnpX.)
CXpsImp tamkm[\w m\tbmKamsWp knn
sm. Fm bmKmZnIsfstbm, tZhtXm]mk\
Itftbm, tbmKamsfstbm thZw tamkm[\fm
sWv A\pimknnpsn Ahsb m\km[\ F
\nebnemWv ]cnKWntXv. Fs\sbm ImZnI
sImp ipamb AxIcWw m\{]Imin\v Alam
bnocpp.
{]XyIv{]hWXmw _ptx
ImWypXv]mZy ipnXx
IrXmm\ykvXambmn
{]mhrUt L\m Ch.
agmew Ignv taLsfmw CmXmIpXpt]mse
bmKmZnI Pohs AxIcWs m\tbmKml
amIpwhw ]cnipamn kzbw \inpp. FmWv Iam
n ]camNmcy\mbncp aWvU\an{i
1
, kymkm{iaw kzoI
cnv almm\nbmbnoXn\p tijw Xs ss\jvIy
knn F {Kn ]dnpXv.
kw ImJnew ]m,
mt\ ]cn k am ]y tX F `K hZv hmIy n sbpw
Aw ta]dXp XsbmWv.
Cu \nebn t\mptm thZthZmmZn k[im
kv{Xfpw m\tbmK]cfmsWp ImWmhpXmWv.
{ioic`KhXv]mZcpw AssZzXaXhpw
Xpka\zbmXv F {_kq{XwsImv {io thZhym
kaljnbpw, Cu hmkvXhs hyamnbnpv. Fm
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
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8 AssZzXNnm]Xn
Hcp Iqw ]WvUnXm thZw I{][m\amsWp iTnncpp.
Ah, bmKmZnI am{XamWp tamkm[\sap hmZnv
AXn \p thn ]ip lnw km Zn Ip t]mepw aSn n . bw
sImp knnp A]qw B bImhns\ \nXy
kzntep \bnpsav knmn IwmcmWv ]q
aoamwkIm. AhcpsS bmKmhkcfn h[nsSp b
]ipfpsS B{I\wsImv Cu `mcX`qan apJcnXambncp
Hcp ImeLnembncpp [kwm]I\mb {ioic`K
hm kmm ic`KhXv]mZcmbnv, Cu tIcf`qanbn Xncp
hhXmcw sNbvXXv. sNdpImepXs, BNmcy]mZcmb {io
tKmhnbXoizcs ZrjvSnhnt]am{Xm kmmXvIrX]c
ammhmbno {ioic`KhXv]mZ tamam{]Xn_n
Ifmb kIeZpXtfbpw {ipXy\pKrloXfmb bpnhm
ZsImv `mcX`qanbn\npw Bnmbnv Hu]\njZaX
amb AssZzXknms m]np. {]mXxkvacWob\mb B
AssZzXaXmNmcys m\{]Imiw, Bcymhn am{X
a, Zzo]Zzo]mcfntmepaphcpsS lrZbmImcs
\mamhtijampXn\v ]cym]vXambn. Fm AhnSps P
`q an bmb Cu tIc f n ep hm Is AXns amlmyw
thhw Adnbphm IgnnspXv ]cnXm]Icamb Hcp
]camw am{XamWv. tIcfn\p t\cn Cu Zu`mKys ]cn
lcnm hjiX thnhp. As\,
2
]qXamw thZmkpcpnsbmgnnm
ssZzXn hnShSsmmn hnfnbpw
kzIrXmt\Ikvt{Xm{X kucyelcnbn
{]IrXnatlinsbsmtmSw Ifnnpw
icmNmcycpsS P`qantb hopw
icmNmcycpsS P`qhmn oXv.
{ioNnkzmanIsf A]cm`n[m\m hnizhn{ipX\m
bno {iohnZym[ncmP Xo]mZ]ca`mckzman ]mZ
fmbncpp. AhnSs PohNcn{Xw tIcfNcn{Xn tim`\amb
Hcp AymbsbmWv hncNnXv. Cp tIcfn hninjy
XncphnXmwIqdn Iphcp BymnI {]_pXbvv {][m
\ImcW`qX B ]ca`mcKpcptZh XsbmWv. ]SbWnbpw
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9
D hhpw t{Xmcm [ \bpwsImp am{Xw aX Im cy fn
Xr]vXnspsImncphcmbncpp tIcfnse A{_mW
cn `qcn`mKhpw. Ap iq{Zscdnbsncp aeb{Xnbcmb
\mbmt]mepw iq{Zackwbpw ZqcXx ]cnhtbXv
F \nban\p hnt[bcmbncp nXnv AXnepw A[xn
Xscp IcpXsncp ]ntmkapZmbmcpsS IY ]dtb
Xnsm! Cs\, BymnIaWvUentebvv Dbcphm
Hcp A{_mW\v bmsXmcp ]cnXxnXnbpanmXncp Hcp Ime
mbncpp {ioNnkzmanXncphSnIfpsS XncphhXmcw.
{ioNnkzmanXncphSnI
AhnSpp Xncph\]pcn\p kao]ap sImq F
ev ]pcmX\amb Hcp \mb IpSpw_n 1029mamv Nn
amkw 11mw XobXn `cWn \mfnemWv `qPmX\mbXv. kzmanXncph
SnIfpsS P\\Imev B IpSpw_w Zmcn{ZytZhXbpsS tIfocw
Kambncpp. Atls _meyImen thhw hnZym
`ymkw sNnpXn\v B IpSpw_n\p Ignhpmbncpn.
AXn\m hnZymcw`w F NSpt]mepw Fp]p hbtmfw
{]mbamIpXphsc \Snbncppan. kahbkvIcmb IpnI
ASpp Hcp Ifcnbn ]Tnm t]mIpXv Atln\p
Znhkhpw ImWmambncpp. X\npw Fgpp ]TnWsap
hnNmctmSpIqSn Hcp Znhkw Hcp IpnbpsS Hme hmnpt\m
n. Aht\mSp tNmZnv Nne Ac a\nemn. ANntcW
Ah Xnep Ifn AhnSs Iqnhmbnm {]m]vX\mn
op. Amep ]ctImpImc\mb Hcp ]ctZi{_m
W Hcp imkv {Xn I ASp p sImqa T n
kwkvIrXw ]Tnnncpp. B aThpambn kzmanIfpsS IpSpw_w
thgvNbn IgnncpXn\m Znhkhpw AhnsS t]mIpI Ahn
Sps ]Xnhmbncpp. IqSmsX B aTnse A\fpsS
hm eyhpw HuZm cyhpw Zmcn {Zy ]o Un X \mb B _mes\
Atmv BIjnmsXbpancpn. `Ww icnbmbn e`n
XpsImpam{Xw Atlw Xr]vX\mbn. imkv{XnIfpsS Aym
]\cwKtmbncpp Atlns {i {][m\ambn ]Xn
Xv. sNdpnte A\nXckm[mcWamb _pnssh`hapm
bncp AhnSpp imkv{XnI CcnpXn\p kao]ap Hcp
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
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10 AssZzXNnm]Xn
`nnp adp\nv AhnsS ]Tnnncp Imhysfmw lrZn
amn. GXmv Hcp hjmew Cs\ IgnXn\pti
jta imkv{XnI, X\nv Cu hn[w Akmam\y\mb Hcp injy
\psp a\nemnbpq. Hcp {]mhiyw tIm Fpw AtX
]Sn hnp t]m ImsX [cn p hm Ign bp am bn cp _pn hn Im
kwIv kpjvS\mb imkv{XnI IpdpImew sImv B
_mes\ kwkvIrX`mjbnse an Imhyfpw ]Tnnp.
tbmKthZmmZnimkv{X]cnioe\w
Amesmcn sImq t{XktXn shv
AmX\mamhmb Hcp alm Ctln\v kp{_Wya{w
D]tZinpsImSpp. B at{m]mk\ sshcmKy]qw A\p
jvTnv knnhcpm Atln\p Ignp. XpSp t]bn
cma ]n Bim F alms\ kao]nv Atln\npw
kwKoXhpw Xangnse {]mcw`]mTfpw ]Tnp. Fm kwkvIr
X`mjbnepw apw kmam\yw hypev]nbpmbncp Atls
cma ]n Bim AhI Ifcnbnse Nnbmn \nbn
IqSn sNbvXp. Cu m\tcn\memWv AhnSpv Cpw hn{ip
X\mbn {]IonsSpXv. amXm]nXmm BZyw \maI
cWw sNbvXXv A Fmbncpsnepw Ip F Hma
\tcmbncpp km[mcW hnfnphXv. AXmWp ]nmep
Ip]nn F {]kn\man\p ImcWw. P\m `
\mbncp AhnSpv cma]n BimsIqsS ]Tnp Xmaknn
cp Imev cm{Xn k a b fn ASp p Hcp t{X
nsNp [ym\P]mZnIfn apgpIn CcnpXp Inpsv
BimXs ]nmev shfnsSpnbnpv. Ap t]
bn cma]n Bims Dm l n m\ {] Pm Kcw
Fsmcp k` \Sncpp. B k`bnse {][m\ {]kwK
aX]cfmb hnjbsfn Bbncpp. AhnsShp kzman
Ip ssXmv Amhv F am\ys\ ]cnNbamIphm\pw At
ln\nv Xangp`mjbnep Nne ]mSepI ]Tnm\pw
CShcpIbpw sNbvXp. ssXmv Amhv AhI Hcp kp{_
Wy ` \pw lT tbm Knbpw Bbn cp p. Atlw dkn Ukn
_wmhn amt\Pcmbncpp. {ioNnkzmanI, Amhv AhI
fn\nv lTtbmK]cfmb Nne A`ymk ]cnioenp.
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11
shdpw tbmK]]mXnbmbncp Amhv AhIv kzmanI
fpsS XzNnm]cfmb PnmkIp ia\w Dmm
Ignn. AXn\m kzmanI Xncph\]pcw tImbvIv
Xmaknncp kzman\mYtZinI F XangphnZzm\n \nv Xan
gp`mjbnep thZm{]IcW{K ]Tnm Bcw`np.
{io kzman\mYtZinI Xangn AKm[sshZpjyw kmZnncp
Hcp ]WvUnX\mbncpp. Atlns Athmknbmbn
cp ImemWv `\mbncp kzmanI m\tbmKmcpcp
phmbnoXv. Ap anhmdpw IgnpIqnbncpXpw tIm
bvIpXs Bbncpp.
{iokpmPSm]mTnIfpw hntZihmkhpw
As\ Ccns, Asmcn \hcm{Xn kw_np \S
mdp hnZzXvkZn ]psImm kpmPSm]mTn Fsmcp
alm]WvUnX Xncph\]pcp hcnIbpmbn. Asms
hnZzXvkZn A{Knam\w Atln\pXs Bbncpp
FmWv Adnhv. kimkv{X]mcwKX\pw {_\njvT\pambn
cp Atlhpambn kzmanI ]cnNbsSm CSbmbn. kzman
IfpsS _pnssh`hhpw hn\bmZnkwkvImcknbpw I
{io kpmPSm]mTn Atls kztZiamb ISpdnnbnte
bvpsImpt]mbn. km\anmXncp aljnIev]\mb {io
PSm]mTn AhI Av {io kzmanIsf Bbncpp ]p{X\mbn
IcpXnbncpXv. {KlW[mcW]Sphmb kzman]mZ AhnsS
Xmaknp. aqp\mep hjsImv kwkvIrXnepw Xan
gnepap thZthZmmZn kIeimkv{Xfpw ]Tnp. {io kpm
PSm]mTn AhIfpsS aTw Fpw hnZzmmcpsS imkv{XhmZ
tIm em l ew sImp apJ cn X am bn cp Xm bn mWv tIhn.
As ]WvUnXmcpsS CSbnepmbncp GXp kwibhpw
Xop sImSpncpXpw {io PSm]mTnXs Bbncpp. At
ln\v Xs intjymas\n hfsc aXnmbncpp. Ahn
Ss ]WvUnXkZnse HcwKambngnbm `mKyapmbncp
{io Nnkzman XncphSnIv ]nevmev Hcp ]WvUnXtbpw
ap]n Xe Ip \n t n h n cp n sp Xs b , kIe
]WvUnXmtcbpw Xe Ip\nnmIqSn Ignhpmbncpp F
XpsImpXs {io kpmPSm]mTnIfpsS amlmysn
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
12 AssZzXNnm]Xn
DulnmhpXmWsm. {io PSm]mTnIfpsS BiomZ
hmn, B KpcpIpew hnXn\ptijw, ZntWybn apgph
AhnSpv Hcp ]cyS\w sNbvXp. AXn\nSbn ]e almmcp
ambn ]cnNbsSm\pw Xangnepw kwkvIrXnepap A]q
fmb ]e {Kfpw kmZnphm\pw AhnSptp Ign
p. B ]cyS\thfbn kn\pw ]WvUnX\pambncp Hcp
Xfn \nv, alZpaXw ]Tnphm AhnStp km[np.
]cn]IzaXnbpw htbmhr\pambncp X AhIfpsS ASp
\nv, ]cnip Jpdm `mjyklnXw AhnSp ]Tnp
shmWv tInpXv. ]nmefn ]e alZpaX]WvUn
Xmcpw XpmIp kwib {io NnkzmanXncph
SnIfpsS kao]n\nv ]cnlcnp IrXIrXymcmbnocp
Xn\np Ahn S tbv p al Zp a X n F{X am{Xw
]mWvUnXyw Dmbncpp Fv DulnmhpXmWsm.
{io Bm\kzmanI
IqSmsX B kmc ImepXs Bm\kzmanI
F {]kntbmKnbpambn klhmkn\p CShcnIbpw At
ln\nv AKkvXyk{Zmbnep tbmK]cnioe\
knnpIbpw sNbvXp. Cu Bm\kzmanI, Nmmh
n Ipamcthep Fv BZyImen Adnbsncp B
Bbncpp. almkn\mbncp Atlw acpXzmaebn hfsc
mew Ccpp X]p sNbvXXmbn tInpv. kzmanXncphSnI
fmIs, Xms\mcp DXhwiP\msWp A`nam\w teihpan
msXbmWv Xs Kpcp\mY\mb Bm\ kzmanIsf ip{iq
jnncpXv. Cu kz`mhhntijambncpp Bm\kzmanI
fn\np kIe tbmK clkyfpw {Klnm AhnSptbvv
IgnhpmnbXv.
Ah[qXKpcphpw Am\p`qXnbpw
Cs\ tbmK \njv T e`n Xp sImpw imkv {X m\w
kmZnXpsImpw am{Xw AhnSpv ]cn]q kwXr]vX\m
bn. X\np GtXm Hns Ipdhpsp hnNmcw Ahn
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Av B `Ww Ah cpt]cpw Xr]vXnIcambngnv
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ap kuIcyfpw AhnsS DmnsmSpp. AXns\pSp
aqpamkmetmfw Ah cpt]cpw B epXs Ign
qIqn. Cu hnhcw \msSmpp ]cpIbm \mns \m\m`m
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ZmcpsS hn{iaktXambncp B eamWv kp{]knamb
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\mcmbWKpcphns\ t{X{]XnjvT \nlnm ]TnnXp
NnkzmanIfmWv. Acphnpdv \mcmbWKpcp BZyapmnb
t{Xn inhenwK{]XnjvT \SnbncnpXv Nnkzm
anI Iptdmew hn{ian emWv. AhnsSsbmcp Ae
digitized by www.sreyas.in
23
apmWsap ]dp {]XnjvTnm\p m\w ImWnp
sImSpXpt]mepw NnkzmanIfmbncpp Fv F\np \
Xpt]msebdnbmw.
5
CXn\npw CughkapZmtbmmcWn\p
kzman XncphSnIv F{Xam{Xw Xmev]cyapmbncpp Fv
Dulnmasm.
As\ Acphnpdp hn{ianphcsh Hmhkob {io
tIih]n AhIfpsS BfpI At\zjnphp kzmanXncp
hSnIsf Xncph\]pctbvv sImpt]mbn. \mcmbWKpcp
kzmanIfpw A\pKanm Xmdmbn. Fm Ahsc D]Ncnp
sImncp `mv AXp hfsc kSIcambn tXmpI
bm \mcmbW ChnsS Xmaknpw. Rm Hcp amkw Ignp
Xncnsbhcmw Fp]dnmbncpp kzmanXncphSnI ]ncn
Xv. \mcmbWKpcpkzmanI {_m\m \na\m
bncpsnepw Xs Kpcp\mYs th]mSv Atln\p hfsc
tiIcambncpp.
]cpaKpcp]mZcmIs Xncph\]pcp sNtm, tIi
h]n HmhknbchIp aqhmp]pgbvp ewamamsW
pw, AtltmsSmnp kzmanXncphSnIfpw Atmp sN
W sap \n_ am bn cn pp Fpw Ahn Sp t dn bm
Ignp. As\ Ahscmw Hnv XncphSnI aqhmp]pg
bvpXs t]mbn. IpdpIgnp {io\mcmbWKpcpkzmanI
Acphnpdp\nv Im\Sbmbn aqhmp]pghp, kzmanXncph
SnIsf kinp. Ah Hcpanp aqhmp]pg, Bephm, ]dhq
apXemb efn Ipdp\m hn{ianp. AmWv hS
XncphnXmwIqdnse Cugh{]amWnIp \mcmbWKpcphns\ ]cn
NbsSphm IgnXv. {io Nnkzman]mZp sX
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s\n IrjvWsshZy, {io shfptcn tIih sshZy apX
emb {]knm AqnshcmWv. As Imep
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`Ww IgnpXn\p kzmanXncphSnIp bmsXmcp aSnbpan
mbncpp FpXv AhnSps ka_pnsbbmWv {]Jym]\w
sNpXv.
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
24 AssZzXNnm]Xn
C{Xbpw {]kvXmhnXn\np \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpsS
BymnIamb kIe Djn\pw ImcW`qX\mbncpXp
]ca`mc {io NnkzmanXncphSnIfmsWpw, \mcmbWKpcp
kzmanIfpsS kymk]cc Nnkzman XncphSnIfn\np
mbXmsWpw hyambsm.
Fm \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpsS Kpcp, {io Nnkzman
Xn cp h Sn I f sp m]n m Nne {ian p h cp Xm bn m
Wpp. AXv ASnm\clnXamb {iaamsWpXn\v Kpcpin
jy m cmb Ahcp t] cp sSbpw hmp IXs {]am W
fmWv. {_{io \oeIWvTXo]mZkzmanI FgpXnbnp
tZhm]Xn F {Kn\p 10.04.1092 Bephbnshv
{ioNnkzmanXncphSnI Hcp Dt]mZv LmXw FgpXnbnpv .
AXn tbmK m \ ]m cw K Xbv v tbmK m \ {] ta b sf
k{ZmbcoXym {Klnbpw ]cnioenbpw sNbvXv BcqV]Z
nsepXn\v At\Ikwhcmew FtmSpIqSn hknn
p Fs {]Yainjy \mcmbWKpcp Fp]dbp B B
kapZmbns A`ypm\n\mbn AhcpsS CSbn tZhmm
Znsb ]pckvIcnp _lphn[Imcyfn kzmX{yapmnb
Xpt]mse asmcp kapZmbn\p kzbw IrXm\\nebn
hpIqSnb At\ym[o\hrnsb \njvImk\w sNphm ZznXo
binjy ({io\oeIWvTXo]mZkzmanI) Cs\ {KI
cWmZnbn {]hnpXv KuWmXmymkZrjvSym Nmcn
XmyP\Iambncnpp Fp tcJsSpnbnpv. AXpt]m
seXs, kzmanXncphSnI tam{]Zo]JWvU\w FgpXm
XpSnbtm, AhnSpv B {KsagpXcptX! Fp ImWnv
Beq inhtbmKnbpsS injymcmb sXtSp cma]n
apXemb am\ym ISppcpnbn\nv 26.01.1090 Hcp Fgp
bncpp.
6
AXn, AhnSps {iasmn\pw tam
{]Zo]amIs AXns ImhmIs FXncmbn \npn.
Cu nXnv AhnSpv tam{]Zo]s FXnpXn\v Fp
\ymbbpXbmWpXv? \mcmbWKpcpkzmanbpsS t{Xm
]\v Nne XS DmpXns\mcpsncp Nne
Cughv tam{]Zo]w Hcp klmbambn `hnncnmw. AXn
\nSbvv AhnSpsn\p NmSnhogpp? \mcmbWKpcpkzmanXs
t\cnSs! hmZns! Pbns! AYhm tXmevs! \mcmbW
digitized by www.sreyas.in
25
Kpcpkzman, AhnSps B{inXt\m injyt\m kl]mTntbm
Bbncnmw. Bbncns! AhnSptmSp hkwibw tNmZnm
]dpsImSpWw. AmsX \mcmbWKpcpkzmansb AhnSpp
amn\ndpnbnv AhnSpp t\cnSWtam? Fp tNmZnnp
Xn\v {ioN n kzm an Xn cp h Sn I Ab adp ] Sn bn Cs\
ImWpp;
7
Rm\pw, apv tbmKm\hnjbfn Fs injy
\mbncpXpsImp \mcmbWKpcp kzmansb Bfpw, Cugh
cn Nnecpw Xfn ]gb ]cnNbmcmWv. Ah kzP\t
amw t{X{]XnjvT apXembh \SpXmbn tIhn Dv.
Sn Bfn\v (\mcmbWKpcp kzmanIv) aXhmZn\ndtW
sap tXmp Imev AXntembnp asmcpcpsS klm
btam D]tZitam thXmbn hcpsap tXmpn.
\mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpsS PohnXImepXs kzmanXn
cphSnI {]knoIcnnp Cu cp {]kvXmh\Ifn\npw
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cpkzmanIsfp knnpp.
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cnImkvtXm{Xn Xs Kpcp\mY\mb NnkzmanXncphSnIsf
kvacnpImWpp. AXns\bmWv.
inip\maKptcmcmmw
Itcmaninckmhl
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IpalntImhnZmx
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apt\x ]ZmcWow....... Fp XpSnb ]Zyhpw Atlns
inip`KhXv]Iw F kvtXm{Xhpw CXn\p sXfnhmWv.
Fm Csmw he\nv {io\mcmbW[{]Nc
Wk`m {]knsSpnbnp KpcpXncp\mtkmh\o
F ]pkvXIn {io NnkzmanXncphSnI {io\mcmbW
KpcpkzmanIfpsS kXoy\msWv inip\ma Kpcp]ZwsImp
m]nm hfsc ]WnsnpXmbnmWpp. tkmh\odn
]dbp `mKw Cs\bmWv. Ipsdgntm kzman (\mcm
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
26 AssZzXNnm]Xn
bWKpcpkzman) ]pXpn {ioam Ipnn cma]nbm
ims injyXzw kzoI cn bpw D] cn {K hmbn bpw
sNbvXXmbn PohNcn{Xfn tcJsSpnbnpv. Amep
kzman cNn n p kwkv Ir X Ir Xn I fpsS HSp hnm Wp
kwkvIrXpdnn\nv Cmcyw hyamIppv. _mecm
amthmkn\m \mcmbtW\ hncNnXw Cs\bmWv B Ipdnp
ImWpXv. Cqn \haRvPcnbpsS Bcw`n inip
\m a Kp tcm cmmw Fp XpS nb Hcp A\p jv Spv Dv .
Ip]nn ]dnsgpXnbXmWv B aRvPcnsbv a\
nemmw. Nn F hmv Hcp Kpcphns Iogn {][m\
\mb Hcp hnZymnp ssSn BWv. ]s AXv Bim
(Kpcp) F AnemWv {]tbmKnp ImWpXv. {ioNn
kzmanIfpsS Hcp tPyjvTktlmZcs\tmse kzman kvt\lnp
_lpam\nncpp. ]te almmcpambn kzmansb ]cnNbsSp
nbncp NnkzmanI XsbmWv Xncph\]pcw dkn
Uknbnse kq{]mbncp {io XbvmmhhItfbpw ]cn
NbsSpnbXv. Atlns injyXzw kzoIcnp cpt]cpw
tbmKm`ymkam Iptdmew ioenncpp. ]noSp cp
t]cpw Hnp ]e efnepw kcnpIbpw sNbvXnpv.
ta ImWn {]kvXmh\bpsS BZy`mKwsImv, {io N
nkzmanXncphSnI \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpsamnv Ipnn
Bims Iogn ]Tn n cpp Fpw As tamWn
m\w kzmanXncphSnImbncpspamWv tkmh\oIm Dt
inncnpXv Fp tXmpp. ]t _mecmamthmkn\m
\mcmbtW\ hncNnXw FpXpsImv B Dtiyw k^e
ambn Fp tXmpn.
kzmanXncphSnI ]TnXv Ipnncma ]nbmims
IqsSbspw t]bn cma]nbmims IqsSbmsWpw
taev]d Ncn{X`mK sImdnbmhpXmWv. Fpam{X
a, Ipnnbmims Ifcnbnse Nn \mcmbWKpcpkzm
anIfmbncpsp an. aqtmp Ipamcs\gpXnb \mcmbWKp
cpkzmanIfpsS PohNcn{Xw Hmw`mKw 94mw t]Pn ImWpp
apv. hmZn\pthn tkmh\oImcpsS A`n{]mbw kzoIcn
mXsbpw, Xs Kpcp\mYs\p ]dbsSp Ipnn
cma]nbmims IqsS ]TnpsImncnp ImemWv, B
digitized by www.sreyas.in
27
{Kw cNnsXn Atls kvacnmsX mnse tamWn
sd Kpcphmp BfmWp {io \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIsfv _pn
bphp hnNmcnm IgnbpX. CXn\npw {Klnt
Xv \mcm b W Kp cp kzm an I Ip n n bm im s IqsS
kwkvIrXw ]Tnnpsnepw \haRvPcnI apXembh FgpXn
bXv {io Nnkzman XncphSnIfpsS injy\mbXn\ptijamsW
mWv.
\mcm b W Kp cp kzm an I Ip n n bm ims ASp
\np ]Tnw \ndpntmXv 1055mammsWpw {io N
nkzmanXncphSnIsf ImWpXv (1058emWv Ah Xn I
sXv {_{io Xo]mZ]calwk kzmanIfn \ndnbpp.)
8
1060 mamm sWpw \h a Rv P cnI sbgp Xn bXv 1084 mamm
sWpw {io \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpsS PohNcn{Xfn ]d
pImWppv.
KpcpXncp\m tkmh\odn ]dbp{]Imcw {ioNnkzm
anIv ssXmv Amhv AhIfn\nv lTtbmKhnjbI
ambn Nne ]cnioe\ knnnpv. Fm {io\mcmbW
KpcpkzmanIfpsS tbmKmt\m]tZjvSmhv ]ca`mc {io N
nkzmanIXsbmsWv B almm cpt]cpw k
XnnpXn\m {io \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpsS BymnI
Kpcp ssXmv Amhv BsWv tkmh\oIm ]dbpXv icn
b. ssXmv Amhv AhI Hcp lTtbmKn am{Xambncpp.
Atln\v m\tbmKw lnXhpw hihpw AmXncp IY
Atls ]cnNbapmbncp ]e ]WvUnXmcn\npw
F\ndnbphm Ignnpv. {io NnkzmanItfm {io\mcm
bWKpcpkzmanItfm lTtbmKw tamkm[\ambn IcpXnbncp
n. lTtbmKamnepw cmPtbmKamnepw D ]e
A`ymkfpw BZyImefn knhIcnncp B alm
m kmm tamkm[\ambnp IcpXnbncpXv AssZz
Xm\s am{Xambncppshv BkmmXvmcn\p
thn Ahsc kao]nnphsmw Adnbphm Ignn
pv. {io\mcmbWKpcpkzmanI hncNnnp, Btm]tZi
iXIw, Zi\ame apXemb AssZzXthZmimkv{X{K
Atlw Hcp m\mNmcy\mbncppsh hmkvXhs {]Jym
]\w sNpp. B k{Zmbw Atlw FhnsS\nsnepw ]cn
digitized by www.sreyas.in
28 AssZzXNnm]Xn
io en Xm bn cn Ww. {io Amhv AhI fn\nv Bcpw
thZmw A`yknnXmbndnbpn. {ioNnkzmanI, NmSn
bd {io am[h]n, aWmSv {io IrjvW]nsshZy, Hcp
KW I, C{Xbpw t] lT tbm K hn j b n {io ssXmv
Amhv AhIfpsS injymcmWv. Chcn {io Nnkzman
]mZfpw ]qPpc {io NmSnbd am[h]n AhIfpw am{Xta
thZmnIfmbncppq. {io NnkzmanIfpsS thZmm`yk\w
Cu teJ\nXs shfnhmoptm. kp{]kn\mb cma
{_ kzm an I fn\n mWv NmSn bd am[ h]n AhI
thZmw A`yknXv. CXn\nv Amhv AhIv almm
\nbmb Hcp injys\ kmZnm teihpw Ignhnmbncpp
shv hyambtm. {io\mcmbWKpcpkzmanIv Amhns\
]cnNbsSpnsmSpXv NnkzmanIfmsWp Imcy
n Bcpw hnkXnpn. \mcmbWKpcpkzmanI kao
]np ImepXs NnkzmanI tbmKm\hnjb
fn A]mc]mWvUnXyw kmZnncpXmbn \mcmbWKpcpkzm
anIfpsS PohNcn{XImcmt]mepw tcJsSpnmWpp. B
nXnv tbmKm\ ]cnioe\n\pthn {io \mcmbW
Kpcp Amhns\ B{ibnpshv ]dbpXv icnb. hmghnfa
v Pn. \mWp F am\y FgpXnb {io\mcmbW ]calw
kNcnXw hnmn,
japJ]mZw `Pn\]pcasmcp
japJZmkmlzb\mw tbmKnsbp
kzmKtXmnIfpw sNmnbmKat\mSptNp
tbmKhnZym`ymkhpw sNbvXatlw.
Fpw Ing t I S ioth en c Fw. kn. Ip p cm a
sshZy AhIfm FgpXs {io\mcmbWKpcpkzmanNcnXw
Xmcmn,
japJZmks\p alm
\ne\mw tbmKntbI,
sNtb\]pcp k
kX\mbam.
tbmKX{n ka\mb
tbmKnbmatltmSv
digitized by www.sreyas.in
29
temIKpcp kzmanbmep
tbmKm`ymkmZn ]Tnp.
DuWpdw n]vXambnnSw
thWsapXnmsX
\mWpKpcpkzman, tbmKntbmSpw
hmWpIptdmeapn.
Fpw {]kvXmhnpImWpXn\np {io\mcmbWKpcpkzman
IfpsS tbmKmNmcy jpJZmks\ A]cm`n[m\medn
bsSp {io NnkzmanIXsbmsWp kv]jvSamIppv.
1088mamv {]knsSpnbnpXmWv {io\mcmbW Kpcpkzm
anNcnXw Xmcmv F ]pkvXIw. AXn Amhpw \mcmbW
KpcpkzmanIfpw Xnep _sn,
Znn ]pI s]mnSp \
ssXbvmmsh am\y
Cpcp\mY\\p{Kl
fmew \Inbnpv.
Fp am{Xta FgpXnbnpq. Cu Xmcmnse IYm`mKn\v ]d
b bmsXmcp amhpw hcpmsX XsbmWp {io.sI.Zm
tamZc _n.F.bpw {io aqtmp Ipamc\pw \mcmbWKpcp
kzmanIfpsS PohNcn{Xw FgpXnbXv. Fm Ah FgpXnb
Poh N cn {X n N n kzm an Ifpw \mcm b W Kp cp kzm an Ifpw
kXoymcmsWpam{Xw Hcp t`Zw sNbvXpImWpp. {io
aqtm p Ip am c Fgp Xnb Poh N cn {X n {io Icphm
IrjvW\mim, kckIhn aqeq Fkv.]\m`Wn apX
emb am\ym \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIsfn tcJsSpnbn
p `mKv IqSpX {]mamWyw sImSpnpv. Fm
{io Icphm IrjvW\mim\pw, aqeq ]\m`]Wncpw, {io\m
cmbWKpcphns Kpcp NnkzmanIfmsWp {]kvXmhnnp
Imcyw {io aqtm p Ip am c Xms\ gp Xnb ]pkv X I n
tNmXns clkyw a\nemIpn. NnkzmanIfpsS
kam[n kw_nv kckIhn aqeq ]\m`Wn FgpXnb
IhnXbn,
{io\mcmbWKpcpkzmanbpw Kpcphmn
am\n alm`mKyw XnI ZnhyKm{Xw.
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
30 AssZzXNnm]Xn
Fpw {io IrjvW\mim FgpXnb kvacWbn, CSmep
\mcm b W Kp cp hns Kpcp m\w N n kzm an Xn cp h Sn I fn
\npw tNmn FSpv AXv ssXmv Amhns Xebn
sInshbv]m {ianXmbn Rm Adnbpp. C{Xam{Xw Kpcp
t{Zmlamb Hcp Iw thsd, C Fpw FgpXnbnpv.
{io NnkzmanItfmSpw {io \mcmbWKpcpkzmanItfmSpw
hfsc ASpp klhknphm `mKyw knnnp cp al
pfmbncpp hnZztIkcnIfmb Icphm Irjv W\mim
AhIfpw aqeq Fkv.]\m`Wn AhIfpw. AhcpsS
cp t] cp tSbpw hmp I Cu Kpcp in jy hn j b I amb hmZ
smcp Xo hcpnbXmbnt kpP\ ]cnKWn
bpp. AXn\m almm\nbmbncp \mcmbWKpcpkzmanI
fpsS BNmcym\n\v GXpsImpw Al ]ca`mc {io
NnkzmanIXsbmWv Fp Xocpam\nmw. Atln\p
\mcmbWKpcphns\ IqSmsX {io \oeIWvTXo]mZkzmanI,
{io Xo]mZ]calwkkzmanI, {io _mekp{_Wyinhw,
sFc\mp cma]n apXemb tbmKm\]mcwKXmsc
injytXz\ kmZnphm IgnncpXn\npw {io Am
hn\v AXn\p IgnhnmXncpXn\npw \mcmbWKpcpkzmanI
fpsS Kpcp NnkzmanIXsbmsWp Xocpam\nmhp
XmWv. Fm 10.09.120 ssXmv Amhv AhIfpsS aI\m
sWp ]dv Fkv.temI\mYWn F Hcm {io\mcm
bWKpcpkzmanIfpsS Kpcp Xs A\mb ssXmv Amhm
bncpp Fp ImWnv inhKncn aTm[n]Xn {io icm\kzman
IfpsS t]v HscgpbncpXmbn \hPoh\nepw tIcf
IuapZnbnepw ImWpIbpmbn. AXn\v CXmWphmkv Xhw
F Xesn BbptZmNmcy ]WvUnv kn.cmaIrjvW
\mb (sNdphn) N{Ihmfn (120 ISIw 28mw Xob
Xnbnse 15mw ew) icnbmb Hcp kam[m\sagpXn, {io\mcmb
WKpcpkzmanI {io NnkzmanIfpsS injyXsbmsWv
B almmfpsS cpt]cpsSbpw hmIy Dcnp m]n
npv. ]t {io temI\mYWncpsS hmnt\m Cu
hnjbn {io NnkzmanIfptSbpw {io \mcmbWKpcpkzm
anIfptSbpw A`n{]mbn\mWv {]mamWysap an.]Wn Xs
a\nemtnbncnpp. Kpcpinjy_sn Kpcphn\pw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
31
injy\pw AdnbmhpXpt]mse ampw Adnbphm Ignbp
Xsm. an.temI\mYWn Fgpn ImWnncnp D]
tZik{ZmbwXs D]mk\m amntep Xm{nIamb
{]mcw ` S p am {X am Wv . AXv \mcm b W Kpcp Am hn\np
{Klnpshp kXnm Xsbpw Atlns mt\m
]tZjvSmhv AmhmsWp an. temI\mYWncpsS Fgpn
\np a\ n em m hp X . N n kzm an Ipw Kpcp kzm an
Ipw tbmKams ]etmgpw AXn\ptijw D]tZinbpw
A`ymkamw A\p`hn ImWnpsImSppIbpw ]Xnhpm
bncpp, Fp tem\mYWn Xs Fgpn {]tXyIw
FSppImWnnp `mKw hmbnptm tbmKm\hnj
bfn Aev]sanepw ]ptcmKanm Ignnp BfpI
s]mnncnp t]mIXs sNpw.
{Xn`ph\koaISpXnnhnpw
{Xn]pSnapSnpsXfnnSpZo]w
I]SbXnpIcamIphose
p]\njZpnclkytamntSWw.
Fp ]mSnbnp {_hnZzc\mb \mcmbWKpcpkzmanI kzcq
]kam[nbn hn{iakpJw A\p`hnpsImncpXv an.]Wn
ImWn A`ymkamw sImmbncppshpw t\tca
dnp X\np Xs m\mNmcy\n\nv knn A\p`ssh
IthZyamb mt\m]tZiw sImmbncppshpw Atl
ns AthmknIfn A]qw Nnesnepw Adnbphm
\nSbmbnpv. ]t {io temI\mYWn, {io Nnkzman
Ifpw {io \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpw Ah Xnep _s
n {]kvXmhnnp `mKw Incppshn Cu kmlkn\p
apXncpIbnmbncppshmWv Fs hnizmkw.
Cu hnjbsn ]{X]wnIfn hmZ{]XnhmZ \S
psImncpImev 99mamv ao\amkw 13mw XobXn {]mp
fp {io ]ctaizc]n AhIfpsS hkXnbnshp ]n
tcn {io \mWp]n AhIfpw \mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpambn
Hcp kw`mjWw \Sp.
9
Ap {io NnkzmanXncphSnI ico
cmkzmyw aqew AhnsS hn{ianpIbmbncpp. {io Xo
]mZ]calwkkzmanI, {io Icphm IrjvW\mim, sIm\mp
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32 AssZzXNnm]Xn
{io \mcmbW]n, {]mpfw {io ]ctaizc ]n apXemb
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kw`mjWw
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pXv. AXmWp _w. hnNmcwsImp ImSnbnse
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kbpq Fpw ImWmdmIpw. Atm Fmw {]mXn
digitized by www.sreyas.in
33
`mknIw Fphcpw. B t_m[w Ddbvptm Ctmgs
Poht_m[w amdpw. ]ns _an. apnbmbn.
Cu kw`mjWhpw taev]d hmkvXhs sXfnbnp
XmWsm?
{io N n kzm an Xn cp h Sn I ay nepw injy {] [m \n
Ifmb {io\mcmbWKpcpkzmanIfpw {io Xo]mZ]calwk
kzmanIfpw Ccp`mKfnepambn Ccpp Hcp t^mtmsbSpXpw
Cu kw`mjWZnhkambncpp. AXns\n,
t\tc \Spp Kpcp]mZcnSwhewX
t]cm injycnXpanencpp \mbv
tXmcmsX _mjv]\nctbmSp \app In
mcm \anXn\pS ]SsamsSpp.
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NnkzmanXncphSnIfpsS kam[nImetmSSpv \mcmbWKp
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10
Cu cp tmIfn\npw Xs Kpcp\mY\mb Nn
kzmanXncphSnIfn kXzhpw EjnXzhpw alm{]`pXzhpw
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
34 AssZzXNnm]Xn
]cn]qIem\n[nXzhpw ImWm Ign \mcmbWKpcpkzm
anIv, ipIhmhnqsS (ipI{_jn apn{]m]n
ktZymapnZzmcm) Dbp ]cathyman AhnSpv B`m\w
sNpXpw ImWm Ignp.
IjvSw! C{Xsbmsbmbnpw almmhmb {io\mcmbW
KpcpkzmanIfpsS KpcpXzs tNmZyw sNm Nne kcm
Ip Xv N n kzm an Xn cp h Sn I fpsS eLp Xzs m]n m
\mtWm Fp kwibntnbncnpp.
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Xzapmbncpp Fv AhcpsS ams ]nXpScm Ignn
p Bpw ImWm hp Xm Wv . B \nebv v A\y m cpsS
Aymkw Hcp hn[nepw A[njvTm\s kv]inpX
sm, Fp kam[m\nmw.
Cu Kpcp in jy _ s n bp {]kv Xm h\ Aev ]w
ZoLn p t]m bn p s n epw, Cu hnj b s p dnp hfsc
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kzman XncphSnIfpsS Hcp Ffnb {]injys\ \nebn Hcp
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tmbXmWv.
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kzmanXncphSnIfpsS ap cp kymkninjym {_
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lwkkzmanIfpamsWpXn Bpw ]mcantm?
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35
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pv . Ahn Spp cNn n p tbmK c l ky Iu apZn F
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\mbno Ctlw Xs Kpcp\mYs tbmKm\k{Zm
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{]`mjW sNbvXv lnpkapZmbs {]_pamn Xop
hm\pw BWv {ianXv. AhnSpp {io NnkzmanIfpsS jjvTn
]qnkvamcIambn 1089 Nnw 8mw XobXn, Xncphm Xmeq
n Fgpaq F tZiv hnZym[ncmPXo]mZ]ca`m
cm{iaw F t]cn Hcp kymkm{iaw m]nnpv. B
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bsSp KpcpIpense BZys Ipe]Xn {_{io hnZym
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{io\oeIWvTXo]mZkzmanIfpw Bbncpp. B KpcpIpew
m]nphm kIe{iafpw sNbvXXv {io Xo]mZ]ca
lwkkzmanI Bbncpp FXv {]tXyIw {]kvXmhyamWv.
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
36 AssZzXNnm]Xn
IqSmsX hmgq Xo]mZm{iaw apXemb m]\fpw Ahn
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Xs kymkinjy]ccbpsS A[nImcmhImifn Ccn
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Cpw \Spt]mcpp.
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kmZnncp {io Xo]mZ]calwkkzmanIsfn tIm
h tIcfcbn A[nIw Dsp tXmpn. \mb kap
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sNbvXpw kapZmbkwLS\bvpthn {]hnpw AhnSpp
tIcfw Hpp kcnncpp. AhnStbvp kymknIfmbpw
Krlmcmbpw A\h[n injymcpmbnpv. Cp Xo
]mZ]ccbn ImWp k\ymknIfn `qcn`mKhpw AhnSs
injymcmWv. Xncph\]pcw lnpalnfmancns P\bn
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m]\wXs {io Xo]mZ]calwk kzmanIfpsS \nti
{]Imcw Dmbnp HmsWv {ioaXn Nn AhI Xs
]etmgpw ]dbpIbpw tcJsSppIbpw sNbvXnpv.
Cs\ Cu aqp kymkninjymcptSbpw temIm\p{K
l]cfmb {]hrnIp Xmpw XWepambn \nnpXv
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ns t\XrXzw hlnpItbm henb P\qn {]kwKn
pItbm sNbvXncpnsnepw AhnSs Znhykti apI
fn hnhcns {]Imcw t\cnpw injymcnIqSnbpw tIcf
n\v Hcp \ho\kwkvImcs Dfhmn: kkapZmbfnepw
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37
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hsc ImWpIbn. sImmcnepw IpSnenepw Hcpt]mse Ign
pIqnbncp AhnSpv shdpw km[mcWmc\mbnmWv hn
ncpXv. AtXmptm,
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kvX\bm\pkmtcW htX X]nXm bYm.
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aqeambncpp Fp a\nemm hnjaan. tIcfn Ahn
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Cv Fmw sImpw ]qPy m \p hn p {_{io
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dXn\p DZmlcWfmWv.
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dmWn Xncp a \ p sIm p Xs {io N n kzm an Xn cp h Sn Isf
hcpn aXhnjbIamb m\w kmZnnpXmbn tIhn
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CXpsImsmw sXfnbpXv, kIeIemh`\mbAhn
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aXmhew_nI kzmanXncphSnIsf kao]nmepw Ahp Ah
cpsS aXns ]caeysasp a\nemnsmSpphm
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cphSnIv bmsXmcp hnjahpanmbncpp Fv cmP{io ]n
tcn \mWp]n AhI ]etmgpw ]dptInpv.
thZm n Isf tXmev ]nv hnin jv SmssZzXw m]n m
CUy Hpp kcnv {]kwKfpw hmZfpw \Snbncp
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
38 AssZzXNnm]Xn
kimkv{X]mcwKX\pw {]XnhmZn`bcs\ A\z\m
amhpamb Hcp BNmcys\ CcnmepShv 93mwamv \njv{]
bmkw tXmev]nv, {ioic`Kh]mZcpsS P`qanbpsS A`nam\w
kwcn Hcp alm\mbncptm AssZzXhnZym]W_ncpZm
nX\mb {io ]ntcn \mWp]n AhI. Atlw Hcn
FtmSp ]dXns\bmWv: alm_pnammcmb ]WvUn
XtIkcnIt]mepw Zp{Klsap hncnp JWvU\JWvU
JmZyw apXemb {]uV{Kfnse A{]Xntjyamb bpn
hnemksf N sNp Lfn Ahbnse Nne bpn
`w K Bpw kp{K l am b hn[w Ahn Spv F\np ]e
tmgpw ImWnpXnpv . ]mmXyXXzimkv {XmcpsS
Nne imkv{XknmsImsnepw AhnSptmSv Acss
t\mnf bm sap hnNm cn v A]qw Nne k` fn
Rm ASptmgmWv Fs auVysn F\np t_m[w
hXv. AhnSpttmse k\mb Hcp almmhpm
bn ptm Fp t]mepw Rm ]e tmgpw kwi bn m dp v .
C{Xbpw ]dnp kzmanXncphSnIfpsS _pnssh`hs shfn
sSpp HcpZmlcWw ]dXnhnsS kw{Klnmw.
Infinite (]qXbn) \nv Finite (A]qX) Fs\
bpmbn F tNmZyn\p icnbmb Dcansp {io hnth
Im\kzmanI ]dp ImWpp. B hnjbsn AhnSp
t bv p A`n {]mbw FmWv ? Fn s\ bp {io
]ntcn \mWp]n AhIfpsS tNmZyn\v ]caKpcp]mZ
\evInb adp]Sn Cu tNmZyn Finite Dmbn Fp k
Xnnptm? AXn\mtcmSpw sXfnhmhiysnn. Fs\
FpXnse At\zjWapp. Dmb nXnp Fs\bpw
DmImw, ]t Dmtbm FmWt\zjntXv.
CXv B almmhns alma\ojnXzn\p sXfnhmWv.
Fs\sbm ]cn]qhkvXp {_sampam{Xtabpq.
A]qfmsWp tXmph AXn Iev]nXfmWv. Iev]n
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t_m [ ap tm Iev ]n X h kv Xp t_m [ hp an . Ah cpw
imkv{XZrjvSnbn hn`nm[nIcWfmWv. B \nebn ]q
amb Hns\ k Xn p tm A]qX Fs\ Dmbn
digitized by www.sreyas.in
39
Fp tNmZynt\ Ahkcan. AXn\memWv A]qX
Dmtbm? FmWt\zjntsXv AhnSpp ]dXv.
Hcp tNmZyhpw icnb. icnbmhpIbpan. As\bncns
A_amb tNmZyns Dchpw A_amtb Ccnp F
hnSpp ]dbmdpmbncpp. AhnSps kao]np Pnm
kpfpsS tNmZysf \Xpt]mse hnainv tNmZyta A_
amsWhp t_myw hchn[n shfnsSpn
smSpptXmsS B hnjbnep kIe kwibhpw B
PnmkpIp XocpIbmbncpp ]Xnhv. Xnanw Ahn
Ss injymv GXp imkv{XhmZfnepw \n`bw hnlcn
phm Ignbpambncpp. km[mcWthZmnI tmInI
gnm\mWv HcppI. AhnSps Ifcnbn ]cnioenhv
BZyhkm\w GXp `mKhpw A`n\bnm Xs Ignbpambncp
p. Cs\, {io hnthIm\kzmanI ]dXpt]mse Hcp
ApXa\pjy (I met a remarkable man FmWp Nnkzm
anXncphSnIsf Itijw {io hnthIm\kzmanI ]dXv)
Bbn temIm\p{Klmw Fgp]Xphjtmfw eoebm Imew
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fp ip n AhI fpsS AXnYnbmbn ]\ kn. ]n. ]n.
kvamcI hmb\imebn hn{ianphcsh 99mamv taSamkw
23mw \v ]I aqp aWn kabv hntZlap\mbn.
B{ia
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SnXambn bmsXmpw {]hnnn. Fm AhnSps A\p
{Kl]m{Xhpw temItssaI\ncX\pamb {ioam Ipfp
ipn AhIfpsS ]cn{ia^eambn AhnSps kam[n
ep _me`mctIizcw F Hcp ]pWyt{Xw m]nnp
v. IqSmsX AhnsS \Snhcp hnZymebmZnIfpw AhnSps
kvamcIfmWv. {io Xo]mZ]calwkkzmanXncphSnIfm
m]nsnp hmgq Xo]mZm{iahpw Fgpaq ]ca`
mcm{iahpw, AhnSps ]ccsb \ne\nntmcp ]pWym
{iafmWv. AXpt]mseXs kXv{ioam\pw ]ca`\pam
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
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40 AssZzXNnm]Xn
bncp Xmgtmp {ioam thepnbhI Xs Kpcp
\mY\mb {io \oeIWvTXo]mZkzmanIfpsS kam[nev
(Icp\mKnbn) m]nnp t{Xhpw Xw_ambn
\Snhcp kwkvIrX kvIq apXemb [m]\fpw
{io NnkzmanXncphSnIfpsS BZisf \ne\nnsmp
t]mcphbmIpp.
{KcN\
{io NnkzmanXncphSnIfpsS PohnXnse Hmtcm \nan
jhpw temIv D]Imc{]Zamb hn[nemWv AhnSpp \bn
npXv. At\IhninjvS{K AhnSpp cNnnpsp
appXs ]dnptm? ]t D]t`mmfpsS `mKyhn
]cybw sImv Ahbn `qcn`mKhpw Cpw A{]IminXfm
bn m Wn cn p Xv . Ahn Sps {K c N \ sb nbpw apw
1096mamp thZm[nImc\ncq]Wns `qanIbn {io \oe
IWvTXo]mZkzmanI FgpXnbnpXns\bmWv. Ahn
Sps ]cnNbw F\np knnXmb Imew apX Cu apn
\mep kwhcn\nSbn Rm XrmZw Zinptmsgms
AhnSpv GXmZrialm\n_cN\bn kabw hybw sNbvXn
cpXmbn Incpp. Cns\bp {KcN\IfpsS {]kno
IcWw {Zhymt]hpw Xzmcm, A\ymt]hpw BIbmembn
cnmw cN\bnset]mse {]ISoIcWn AhnSptbvp
\nanmXv . {_hnZzcobm\mb AhnSptbv v Cu
Imcyn h DZmko\hZmko\Xzw Fs\ t\mnbmepw
kam[m\apXmWv. s]kn tImnbmbn FgpXn kw{Klnn
cp Ahn Sps IrXn X P fn anXpw Cu ZoL Im e
nSbn tXpampt]mbnpw AhtemIt\mkpIcpsS
ssIhiw s]npw \jvSambnoXv P\XbpsS `mKyhn]cybw
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ta]d hn[n AhnSpp cNnnp kaXkm
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HmWv Cu AssZzXNnm]Xn. CXv AhnSs B{inX\mb
Hcp `s At] A\pkcnv FgpXnbXmbnmWv Adnbp
Xv. ASnb\v A[nIw ]pkvXIw hmbndnbphm {]m]vXnbn;
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sb t]cn B `\v FgpXnsmSp t\mpIfpsS kam
lmcamWv Cu {Kw. At\IamfpI ]e {]mhiyw ]In
A\h[n ]mTt`Zfpw sshIeyfpw t\cn ISemkpXppI
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tim[\thfbn Bibt`Zw hcmsX `mjm]camb Nne kzmX
{y Nne `mKv sNeptnhnpapv. Xnanw Cu
]pkvXIn h kvJmenXyfpw kw`hnnpsn AXn
\p DchmZn Rm am{XamWv. almP\ B hI kvJmen
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cnmsap {]tXyIw Adnbnp sImpp.
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XXzakn, NXptZalmhmIy, {ipXnkmcalmhmIy
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tkm AwK thZ bZn hm \ thZ.
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spthm Ctbm? FpXns\ ]camIminep PKns
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42 AssZzXNnm]Xn
Ay\v Hcph\p am{Xta Adnbm Ignbq; AYhm Ah\pw
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kmcw.) F EtKzZnse \mkZobkqfns Cu
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bm ZnMvam{Xambn Ahsbn Nnnnp aptmp t]mImw. Cu
{]]w FhnsS \npw hXpa Fpw t]mIppan. CXns
kz`mhw CsXmssbmWv, Fp kz`mhhmZnIfmb Nmm
Imcpw, {]]n\v D]mZm\ImcWw ]camWpfpw \nan
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digitized by www.sreyas.in
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fmbn kzoIcnXpsImp tZiImehkvXpIrXfmb ]cn
tZw t\cnSpIbm A\nXyXzhpw Xzmcmiq\yXzhpw kw`hnpw.
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cnmhpX. Fmw iq\yamsWp ]dbp _um iq\y
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ant Ccnq Fv {]Xy{]amWw sImpInp) m\amWv.
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tbbpw acpacoNnIbn Pe{]XoXntbbpw Dfhmppv. AXp
digitized by www.sreyas.in
45
sImv B khpw Pehpw hmkvXhamsWv Bcpw AwKoI
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b amdpp (_m[npp)snepw m\w Ahbnsemw
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`mKp tZlm`nam\nbmbn hnp HmWsm Poh.
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mWp Pohs hnizmkw. Xs A\p`hs icnbmbn ]cntim
[np t\mnbm B hnizmkw \ncIamsWp Poh\p a\
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
46 AssZzXNnm]Xn
nemIpw. Pm{KXv, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn Fo AhIfmWtm
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amsWp tXmppapv. \Xpt]mse Nnnpt\mnbm Cu
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kmyfmb Pm{Kz]v\ kpjp]vXyhIp kbnm
bvIbm Ah kmnt_m[am{XfmWv. Cu kmnt_m[s
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tXmnb {]]s apgph ]cntim[np t\mnbm Ah
km\n AJWvUamb Hcp Adnhpam{Xw AhtijnpXmbn
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hmp XphnXp ]nbnXmZnaqe
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dnbWaobdnsshIcq]ytaIpw.
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]d Bibs A\p{Klnppv. kXyw m\a\w
digitized by www.sreyas.in
47
{_, {]m\w {_ Fns\bp D]\njZzmIyfpsS
icnbmb Ahpw CXpXsbmWv. C{XbpwsImv \m\mhn
[n tXmp {]]w Dmbnt Cspw AXv hmkvXh
ZrjvSnbn m\kzcq]amb Bmhv {_w am{XamsWpw
a\nemmhpXmWv.
krjvSn {]{InbbpsS Dtiyw
Fm Cu t_m[w _pnhnImkap Dam[nImcn
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ImcWamb {_s am[nImcnIpIqSn a\nemnsm
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ppv. {IakrjvSn Fpw bpK]krjvSn Fpw cphn[
amWv krjvSn{Iaw thZn ImWpXv. XkvamZzm GXkvam
Zm\ BImix kw`qXx BImimZzmbpx Cs\ {Ia{]Imc
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{]]hpw kz]v\{]]w Ft]mse Htc kabpmbXmWv
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t]cp ]dbppv. Fs\bp krjvSnbmbmepw AXv Bm
hn Iev]nXamIbm AXns\ Aymtcm]samWp ]dbpXv.
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kw JeznZw {_, CuizmhmkyanZw kw apXemb thZm
hmIy Cu A]hmZX{s shfnsSpphbmWv.
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
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48 AssZzXNnm]Xn
C\nbpw, Aymtcm]ntbpw A]hmZntbpw ayhn
bmbn Hcp hyman{i`mhw IqSnbpsp Nne imkv{Xm
]dbpp. AXv, {_hpw {]]hpw ImcWZrjvSym HmsW
snepw kam[nZibn (thZmhnNmcZibn) HmsW
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N\ob eWtmSpIqSnb) Hcp kZv`mhapspIqSn hmZnp
Xm Wv . kqn p t\m n bm Cu aqp Zrjv Snbpw B
kmmmcku[ntebvv BtcmlWw sNm thn
bYm{Iaw \n_nnp aqp tkm]m\fmsWv Adnbp
hm Ignbpw. kmam\ya\pjy\p {]]apsp tXmpXv
Btcm]ZrjvSnbpw bunIt_m[n ImcyImcW Hm
sW\panmsanepw cst]mse A\p`hapffXn\m Imcy
ns B A\nhN\obk hyman{iZrjvSnbpw, thZmhn
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hninjvSmssZzXw, AssZzXw Fp aqmbn ]dphcpXv. Cu
ZrjvSnt`Zns Dtiysn,
Btcm]ZrjvSnc]hmZIZrjvSntchw
hyman{iZrjvSncnXn ZrjvSnhn`mKta\w
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adI `ph\krjvSn{]{IawsNmXmta
digitized by www.sreyas.in
49
Fv {_mRvPenbnepw ({io ]cam\\mY]mZ) ]dn
pv.
C{Xam{XwsImv {]]w Bmhn Iev]nXamsWv,
thZm imkv {Xw knm n p Xns Dtiyw kmam \y ambn
shfn s p Im Wp sap hniz kn p p. Aym k sa pw, amb
Fpw, hnhsapw ]dbpXv Cu Aymtcm]snbmWv.
NmmIs kz`mhhmZw apX apImWns ]sfmw
Cu Aym tcm ] n AS p Xmbn kqn m e dn bm hp
XmWv.
Fm aXfpw Htc eyntebvv
B NnmKXnIsfmw ]Sn]Snbmbn AssZzX`qanIbnte
bvp BtcmlW{Iaw am{XamWv. Fm NmmImZnaX
JWvUnspImWpXv ]q`qanIbn\nv Dc`qanIbn
tep Ibdphm\p {]tNmZ\s Dtinpam{XamIpp. CXp
a\nemnbm Ah ]ckv]chn`nfspw {]XypX {Ia
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mmcn Fnphm\p amfmsWpw Adnbp
hm IgnbpXmWv.
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sNpsXv Hcp Iq DZvtLmjnpXp tIptm {]N
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knp DeqIhrfpsS kvacW am{Xta AkvamZrimp
mIppp.
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mw. AXnse BZys {]I c W amb Aym tcm ]m ] hm Z X {
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nsetmse {IakrjvSn A\pkcnv Aymtcm]m]hmZsf
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50 AssZzXNnm]Xn
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Xzw ]Z e ym amb IqS ssN X \yhpw Hm sWp
m]nbmWv {]mtbW sNbvXnpXpw. Fm Hgnhnsem
Spw apX emb Xan{K fn XXv ]Z e ym amb
{_tbpw Xzw ]Zeymamb IqSs\bpw AXn{I
anv kzm\p`hmXoXambn {]Iminp ipinhw XsbmWv
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mIp AJWvUmImchrncq]mt\mZbn Xs Ahn
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Fp _rlZzmnInepw,
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kzmymb[]TnXw \nPthZimJm
thZm`qanKXamZc]menXw N
kymkn\m ]cZrim KpcptWm]ZnjvSw
kmmlmhN\tah hnapntlXpx.
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sNbvXv a\\\nZnymk\ sImpdnm AXpXsbmWv
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p Cu almhmIyfpsS As thhw Nnnpd
nm {_mssIym\wXs knnpXmWv. {_m
ssIy{]Xn]mZfmb Cu almhmIysf, ssZzXnIfpw hnin
jv Sm ssZz Xn Ifpw Ah c h cpsS aX n \ \p cq ] amb hn[ n
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{ipXnkmcalmhmIy
{ipXnkmcalmhmIyfpsS hymJym\amWv ASp {]I
cWw. AhnsS \nimX[njWimenbmbncp ]caKpcptZhs
thZmimkv{X]mcwKXXzw \Xpt]mse ImWm IgnbpXm
Ipp. AXn AssZzXimkv{Xnse Zp{Klfmb ]e a
fpw efnXambn {]Iminnv A\p`sshIthZyamb {_\n
jvTmkzcq]w \Xpt]mse hyamopv. Cs\ \mep {]I
cW Dsmncnp Cu hninjvS{Kw {im]qw
]Tnp Hcp apapphn\v ]ca]pcpjmamb tamw ssIh
cpI Xs sNpw.
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
52 AssZzXNnm]Xn
D]kwlmcw
]ca`mc{io NnkzmanXncphSnIsf ImWpItbm Ahn
Sps BZisfmsWv a\nempIt]meptam sNmsX
AhnSps {][m\injymcmsWp km[pfmb `msc
sXncnnv HcphI XncphmXncIfnbpsSbpw ]SbWn Xpen
sbpw coXn bn aX {] N cWw \S p Hcp Iqw Bfp I
Ctm XncphnXmwIqdns \m\m`mKpw NpnncnbpXmbn
dnbpp. bmsXmcp ]pkvXIhpw hmbncpXv, ]pkvXIw Xnm
akvXIw \odpw Fns\bp D]tZi sImSppw amkva
chnZy apXembXpsImp km[pfpsS lrZbw Ihpw \S
p B BNmcy\ymcn\np P\kmam\ys cnm
{io NnkzmanXncphSnIfpsS D]tZik{Zmbw Fs\bp
Xmbncppshp Pnmkpp shfnsSpnsmSpp
hm Cu {]knoIcWw D]ImcsSWsapIqSn hnNmcan
mXn.
Cu {]kvXmh\ Aev]w ZoLnpt]msbnepw CXns
{]knoIcWspdnpIqSn cphmp ]dtbnbncnpp.
Xo]mZk{Zmb{]XnjvTm]I\mbncp ]ca`mc {io N
nkzmanXncphSnIfpsS injy{][m\\pw AhnSps almkam
[np tijw B Kpcp]ccbnse Ipe]Xnbpambncp Akva
Zv Kp cp ]m Z, {_{io Xo ]m Z ] c a lw k kzm an ]m Z fpsS
kvamcIambn {io Xo]mZob [{Kmhen Ft]cn
hmgq Xo]mZm{ian \np k\mX\[{]Xn]mZI
fmb {K XpSbmbn {]knoIcnWsap R
Xocpam\nnpv. AXntebvv kzmanIfpsS injy{]injymcmb
kymknamcpw Krlmcpaps Hcp kanXn Xo]mZ
[{]Imin\n F \man Cu Bs AhnSps alm
kam[nZn\amb Nnw ]mw XobXn D{XmXn\mfn hmgq
Xo]mZm{ians B`napJyn cq]oIcnp. AXnse `c
WkanXn AwK ta]dbs {]knoIcWn\pthn
k`bpsS Ay\mb Ftbpw ImcyZinbmb ]WvUnv kn.
cmaIrjvW\mb (BbpthZmNmcy, sNdphn) AhItf
bpamWv NpaXesSpnbnpXv. AX\pkcnp Xo]mZo
digitized by www.sreyas.in
53
b[{Kmhenbnse {]Ya]pkvXIambnv R Xncs
SpXv Cu AssZzXNnm]XnXsbmWv.
]c{_kzcq]\mbn {]IminpsImncnp B ]ca`
mc `Kh]mZcpsS ]cn]mh\kvacWtbmSpIqSn Cu AssZzX
Nn m ] Xnsb [ X ev ] c cmb alm P \ fpsS ap]n
kmZcw kanpsImpp.
Cu {Kw ]cntim[npXn\v thhn[w Fs klm
bnpIbpw Nne kmtXnI]Zp SnWn FgpXntp
]pkv XIw icn bmbn ]In cn Ibpw sNbv XXv Fs
kXoy\pw BhnZymhnimcZ\pamb ]WvUnv kn. cmaIr
jvW\mb (BbptZmNmcy) AhI (sNdphn) BWv.
AXp t]mse Cu {]kn o I c W n\p [\ ] c amb klmbw
sNbvXpw apw tht{]mml\w \evInbXv Kpcp]mZcpsS injy
{][m\\pw AssZzXimkv{Xa\pamb {ioam sI.sI.]n
AhI (sI.hn.ancw, Npw, tImbw) BIpp. ta]db
s cp am\ymcpw RfpsS D _pfpw Xo]mZ
[{]Imin\nbnse AwKfpamsWnepw hmgq Xo]m
Zm{iahmknIfpsS {]Xn\n[nsb \nebn F\nv AhtcmSp
IrX X ChnsS {]tXyIw tcJ s Sp n sm p p. Cu
]pkv XIw `wKnbmbn ASnpX hn.hn.{]v DSatcmSpw
{]q^v thhn[w Xncpn ]WvUnXhtcWy\mb cm. cm.
{io tNmSv ANypXhmcy AhItfmSpw F\np ISmSns\
ChnsS hyam n sm s. R fpsS Cu {]kn o I c W
n\p almP\fpsS klmbklIcWmZnI DmIpsa
{]XotbmSpIqSn Cu {]kvXmh\ ChnsS Ahkm\nnpp.
AssZzXNnm]Xym kzmcmPyw KpanXmw
amhn]vXtb `qbmZnbw {]kvXmh\m kZm.
Fv {]km[I,
hnZym\Xo]mZkzman
Xo]mZm{iaw,
hmgq
22.06.1121
AssZzXNnm]Xn {]kvXmh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
54 AssZzXNnm]Xn
ASnpdnpI
1. CtlamWv {io icc`KhXv]mZcpsS {][m\ injy\mb kptcizcmNm
cy.
2. htm, NnkzmanXncphSnIfpsS kam[n kw_nsgpXnbXv.
3. Cu `mKw {InkvXpaX\ncq]Wns ]q]oTnIbnepXmWv.
4. Cu Ncn{X`mK {_{ioammcmb Xo]mZ]calwkkzmanI, ]c
am\\mY, {io ]ntcn \mWp]n Fo almmcn\nmWv Adn
bphm IgnnpXv.
5. {io. ]dhq tKm]me]n FgpXnb {io NnkzmanI 364mw t]Pv.
6. Cu Fgpv {io \oeIWvTXo]mZkzman Ncn{Xkapbw F {K
n 53mw t]Pn {]knsSpnbnpv.
7. {io \o. Xo. ]m. Ncn{Xkapbw 60mw t]Pv.
8. 1058 BWv Ah Xn IsXp {_{io Xo]mZ]calwk
kzmanIfn\ndnbpp.
9. ]ntcn \mWp]n AhIfpsS Ipdnn\nsSpXv.
10. {io ]dhq tKm]me]n FgpXnb {io NnkzmanIfpsS PohNcn{Xw,
399mw t]Pv.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
55
AssZzX Nnm]Xn
I
Aymtcm]m]hmZ
AJ ]cn]qknZm\ambn {]Iminp {_h
kvXphn, cphn kw, mWphn ]pcpj, Im\en
Pew, ipnbn cPXw, BImin IrjvWhw apXem
bh Btcm]nXfmbn tXmpXpt]mse aqe{]IrXn Fsmcp
in *hnhambn (hnhw Hcp hkvXphns\ asmmbn
tXmpXns\ hnhsav ]dbpp: Ahmc`m\p
hnhtm cpkhXv.)tNjvSnp. B aqe{]IrXnbn\nv,
{_kn[m\ hntijm kzw cPv, Xav Cs\
aqp hnIrXKpW Dmbn.Ahbn kzw Dahpw, cPv
ay a hpw, Xav A[ a hp am Ip p. kz Kp W ns \ndw
shfppw ctPm Kp W n tXv Npapw Xtam Kp W n tXp
IdppamWv. Cu aqpKpWfpw Hmbnv Hncpmepw Ah
bn GsXnepw Hv A[nIambncnpw. Cu KpWsf apqv
(HXv) `mKfmbn hn`Pnmw.Ah, kzn kzw, kz
n cPv, kzn Xav, cPn kzw,cPn cPv,
cPn Xav, Xan kzw, Xan cPv,Xan Xav
Fp hyhlcnsSpp. kzKpWns kajvSn`mhs
ambsbpw ctPmKpWns kajvSn`mhs AhnZysbpw
Xtam Kp W ns ka jv Sn `m hs Xmakn Fpw ]dp
hcpp. Ahbn kzn kzn \nv hnjvWp, kz
n cPn\nv {_mhv, kzn Xan \nv cp{Z
Fo {XnaqnIfpw, cPn kzn \np Xzm
\nI cPn cPn \nvI\njvTm,cPn Xan
\nv Bekyw, \n{Z, abw, ChtbmSpIqSnb am Cs\
aqp hI Pohmcpw Xan kzn \nv AxIcW
digitized by www.sreyas.in
56 AssZzXNnm]Xn
, mt\{nb Chbpw, Xan cPn\nv {]Wm
Znhmbp, It{nb Chbpw, Xan Xan\nv
BImimZn]alm`qXfpw Dmbn.Fs\sbm BIm
itmSv GXmv D]anmhp {_ ssNX\yw ap]dbs
Fm KpWfnepw {]Xn^enpw. kzKpWn, \ne
ZWn kqcy_nw_wt]mse, {_ssNX\yw keW
ambn {]Xn_nw_npw B {]Xn_nw_ssNX\yn\v Cuizcs\
mWv \maw. kz KpWw Cuizcs Imc W i co c am Ipp.
AXns\ Cuizcs kpjp]vXyhsbpw B\abtImi
sapw IqSn imkv{Xfn ]dphcpp.
ta] d b s Imc W i co cs Rms\ `n am \n p
Cuizc\v, Cuizc, AhymIrX,Aman Fns\ aqv
A`nam\\mafpv.
{XnaqnI
kzKpWabnbmb ambbn, kzn kzw, kz
n cPv, kzn Xav Fv aqp KpWhn`mKfp
tm. Ahbn kzn kzw {][m\amIptm AXn
{]Xn_nw_n Cuizc\v PKns\ cntlXphmbnv hnjvWp
shpw, kzncPv {][m\amIptm AXn {]Xn_nw
_n Cuiz c\v PK ns\ krjv Sn tl Xp hm bnv {_m
shpw,kzn Xav {]m[m\amIptm AXn {]Xn
_nw_n Cuizc\v PKns\ kwlcntlXphmbnv cp{Zs\pw
t]cpI ]dbsSpp. Cu {XaqnIfpsS KpWfn k
Xzw, k kzm [o \ Xzw, kmn Xzw, \n e Xzw, PK Xv
IrXzw, AIrXzw, A\yYmIrXzw, ambmhinXzw apX
embhIqSnbpv. Chsbmw Xs kzKpWn (ambbn)
Dmb Iev]\IfmIpp.
Pohm
AhnZysbp ]dbpXv ctPmKpWns kajvSn`mhs
bmWtm. B AhnZybn {_ssNX\yw aen\Pen kqcy
s\t]mse AhyambnmWv {]Xn_nw_npXv. B {]Xn
_w_nX ssNX\ys NnZm`mk (Poh) Fv imkv{X
digitized by www.sreyas.in
57
fn hyhlcnpp. Pohs ImcWicochpw B\abtImihpw
kpjp]Xyhbpw AhnZyXsbmIpp. AhnZymabamb Imc
Wicocs Rms\`nam\np Poh\v {]m, ]mcamn
I, Ahnn Cs\ aqv A`nam\\ma IqSnbpv. Pohm
m, XfpsS D]m[nIfn kzKpWw hnncpm
kmzn I mcpw cPp hn n cp m cmP k mcpw Xav
hn n cp m Xma m cp am bn o cp p. Pohm m v
Ah AhnZymhiKmcmIbm InnXzhpw ipkzc
lnXmcmIbm AhnthInXzhpw B`mkmcmIbm {_
ssNX\yns {]Xn_nw_fmIbm At\IXzhpw Ahn
Zybn\npw kzbw amdn\nevm IgnbmsX AXnt\mSv tNp
\nevbm Imtcym]m[nIXzhpw IrXzhpw t`mrXzhpw
kpJnXzhpw ZpxJnXzhpw Albpw aaXbpw tamlnXzhpw ap
apmIpp. kmznIm m\\njvTsImv tamtbpw
cmP k m I \n jv T sImv Cl ] c fn ep KXm K X Xz
tbpw {]m]n pw. Xma k m cm I s, Be ky \n {Zm Zn Ip
hisv Cu temInencpp Xs ZpxJa\p`hnpw. Ch cmP
kKpWnep Iev]\IfmIpp.
BImimZn alm`qX
Cuizcs ambmabamb C\nanw AyKpWamb Xa
mIs (Xmakoin) AhcWw hnt]w Fv cp inI
fmbn thsncnpw. Ahbn BhcWin `bImZnIh
ImiapXmbpw hnt]in \m\mhn[ZriyhImiap
Xmbpw ]dbsSpp. XmakKpWn\v BhcW hnt]
cq]ambnocm kzbw inbn. PohtImSnIsmw A\p
t`mKn\p XXmb km[\ DmIhw XtamKpWw
Cuiztc\nanw BhcW hnt]cqt]W ]cnWanpIbm
WpmbXv. BhcWhnt.inIfn Am\s Adn
hnmbvasb BhcWsapw, Adnhns\ \m\mXzt_m[s
hnt]insbpw AdntbXmIpp. Cu cp inI
fn shv BhcWw hkvXpkz`mhs adbvp kz`mhtm
SpIqSnbXpw, hnt]w hkvXphns\ ]eXmnop kz`m
htmSpIqSnbXpamWv. X\npXm Xs Xpey\mbnp Cuiz
ct\bpw Bm\nIfmb almmtcbpw Hgnv tZlw Rms\v
Aymtcm]m]hmZ
digitized by www.sreyas.in
58 AssZzXNnm]Xn
A`nam\nncnp aqV_pnIfpsS Dn ktZmZbambn {]Im
inpsImncnp m\ZrjvSnsb sISppamdv BhcW
in AImcabamb agmes Aamhmkn F t]mse
adpsImncnpw. As\bncnpXn\m IqS{_amb
A[n jv Tm \ ssNX \y n\pw Poth iz c m sc p Btcm ]
pw Xnep t`Zsn teihpw Adnhm ]mSnm
hn[w Pohmv AXzw `hnpw. AXn\m B BhcWi
nbmIs Ahkm\anmsX \nccambn ItTmcambncnp
P\\acWmZn thZ\Isf DmpXn\p D]m[nbmbno
cpp. C\n hnt]insbn ]dbmw. hnt]inbn\nv
i_vZXm{Xbmb BImihpw, BImin \nv kv]iX
m{Xamb hmbphpw hmbphn\nv cq]Xm{Xbmb Anbpw,
Anbn\nv ckXm{Xbmb Pehpw, Pen\nv KX
m{Xbmb ]rYnhnbpw Dmbn. Cu kqva`qXv ImcW
ambncnp hnt]inbn kzmZnKpW ASnbn
cnpIbm kqva`qXfpw ImcWs A\pkcnv {XnKpWm
I XsbmIpp, B kqva`qXv A]oIrX
]alm`qXsfpw Xm{XIsfpw IqSn t]cpIfpv.
kqvaicotcm]n
BImiw apXemb kqva `qX {XnKpWmIfm
bncnbm Ahbn
i_vZXm{XbpsS kmznI kajvSn`mKw m\hpw
kv]i a\pw
cq] _pnbpw
ck Nnhpw
K ` Almchpw
i_vZXm{XbpsS kmznI hyjvSn`mKw t{imt{X{nbhpw
kv]i XzKn{nbhpw
cq] t\t{Xnbhpw
ck Pntlz{nbhpw
K ` {LmtW{nbhpw
i_vZXm{XbpsS cmPkkajvSn`mKw kam\hmbphpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
59
kv]i hym\hmbphpw
cq] DZm\hmbphpw
ck A]m\hmbphpw
K ` {]mWhmbphpw
i_vZXm{XbpsS cmPk hyjvSn`mKw hmKn{nbhpw
kv]i ]mWo{nbhpw
cq] ]mtZ{nbhpw
ck Kptly{nbhpw
K KptZ{nbhpw
Bbnocpp.
ta hnhcnshbn m\w t{imt{X{nbw kam\
hmbp hmKn{nbw Ch \mepw i_vZ Xm{XbptSbpw, a\v XzKn
{nbw hym\hmbp ]mWo{nbw Ch \mepw kv]iXm{XbptS
bpw, _pn t\t{X{nbw DZm\hmbp ]mtZ{nbw Ch \mepw cq]
Xm{XbptSbpw Nnw ckt\{nbw A]m\hmbp Kptly{nbw
Ch \mepw ckXm{XbptSbpw, Almcw {LmtW{nbw {]mW
hmbp KptZ{nbw Ch \mepw KXm{XbptSbpw IqdpI (Aw
i) BIpp
m\ km[ \ : ] Xm {X I fpsS kmznI
kajvSn`mKfmb AxIcW Apw kmznI hyjvSn
`mKfmb mt\{nb Apw m\km[\fmIpp.
AxIcWw ] `q Xm I sap sXfn bn mw.: AxIcWw
BImiw t]mse kIen\pw CSw sImSpp [cnpXn\m
B [mcWbvp km[Iamb m\w BImimwihpw. hmbpsh
Xpt]mse kev]hnIev] cqt]W NenpXn\m B Ne\
hr n bmb a\v hmbzw i hpw, An sb tmse hnj b sf
{]IminnpXn\m B {]Imihrnbmb _pn Ayw
ihpw, Pestmse knepw khnjbfnepw
tNncnbm B hym]Ihrnbmb Nnw Pemwihpw, `qan
sbtmse kIehnjbfnepw ITn\ambn A`nam\nncnp
Xn\m B A`nam\hrnbmb Almcw ]rYzywihpw BIpp.
mt\ {n b Kp W : t{im{Xw BIm imw i am I bm
i_vZtbpw, Xzv hmwbzwiamIbm kv]itbpw t\{Xw
Aymtcm]m]hmZ
digitized by www.sreyas.in
60 AssZzXNnm]Xn
AywiamIbm cq]tbpw, ck\PemwiamIbm ckt
bpw,{LmWw ]rYywiamIbm Ktbpw am{Xw {Klnpp.
{]mWmZnhmbpfpw ]It{nbfpw
Xm{XIfpsS cmPkKpWkajvSywifmb hmbpfpw
hyjvSywifmb It{nbfpw {Inbm km[\fmIpp.
Ahbn {]mWmZn]hmbpfpsS KpW: kam\hmbp
BImimwiamIbm BImistmse icocayamb \m`n
m\ncpv `Wkm[\sf k AwKpw ]Ip
psImSppw. hym\hmbp hmbzwiamIbm hmbphns\tmse
k Aw K fnep an cpv ico cs \ne \npw. DZm \ hmbp
AywiamIbm Ansbtmse IWvTm\ncpv PTcm
nsb Pzennv A]m\mZnIsf Dntebvv ISnsmn
cnpw. A]m\hmbp PemwiamIbm Pestmse KpZm
\ n en cpp ae aq {X hn k \ \S n sm n cnpw.
{]mWhmbp ]rYzywiamIbm `qansbtmse lrZbm\n
cpv Dzmk\nzmksf sNnpw.
thsd \mK, Iq, IrIe, tZhZ, [\RvPb
Cs\ Av D]hmbpqSn Dv. Ahbn \mK On
tbbpw, Iq hn Gw, ISbv angn Ch
tbbpw, IrIe Xp henhv apXembhtbbpw, tZhZ
Nncn, hN\w tImphmbv Chtbbpw sNpw.
[\RvPb\mIs, {]mW t]mbtijhpw Zpsf
]pdsSphnpsImv ApZnhkw hsc icocnencpp hon
Xehnens\sNpw.
{]mWmZnhmbpfpw Bcfpw, t{im{XmZn mt\
{nbfpsS tNjvSbvp tlXpfpamIpp. Fm \mKmZn
] hm bp fm I s, {]mWm Zn Isf At] nv _mly fpw
hmKmZn It{nbfpsS tNjvSp ImcW`qXfpamWv.
It{nb: hmv, ]mWn, ]mZw Kplyw, KpZw Chb
pamWsm It{nb. Chbn hmv BImimwiamI
bm BImiklnXambnp hNnpIbpw., ]mWn hmbzwiamI
bm hmbpklnXambnv DbpI XmgvpI apXembh sNbvI
digitized by www.sreyas.in
61
bpw, ]mZw AywiamIbm AnklnXambnp \SpIbpw,
Kptly{nbw PemwiamIbm PeklnXambnv B\npIbpw,
KptZ {nbw ]rYzywiam I bm ]rYn hn k ln X am bnv ae hn
k\w sNbvIbpw sNpw. ta hnhcns Cu Ccp]Xp
XXzfpw kqvaicocamIpp. (]Zin apXemb {Kfn
kqvaicocw Fp ]dbpXv ]mt\{nb, ]
It{nb, ]{]mW, a\v, _pn Cs\ ]Xn
t\gp XztfbmWv. ChnsS Nnw, Almcw, m\w Cu
aqp XzsfqsS AxcW[fmbn AwKoIcnp
hnkvXcnncnpp). kqvaicocsap ]dbpXv {]mWabw,
at\mabw, hnm\abw Fp aqp tImitfmSpIqSnbXm
Ipp. {]mWmZn]Ihpw, It{nb ]Ihpw tNXn\p
{]mWabtImisapw, a\pw mt\{nb]Ihpw tN
Xn\p at\mabtImisapw _pnbpw mt\{nb]Ihpw
tNXn\p hnm\abtImisapw ]dbpp. tZh cmk
am\pjarKmZn kIePohPmepw Hmtcmcppw Hmtcm
icocambnv tImi{XbmIamb Cu kqva icocs Cuiz
c krjv Snp sImSp n p v . CXn ka jv Sn kq v a i cocw
Rms\`nam\np Cuizc\v lncWyK`, kq{Xmmhv,
alm{]mW Cs\ aqv A`nam\\mafpv. hrjvSn kqva
icocs Rms\`nam\np Poh\v ssXPk, {]mXn`m
knI, kz]v\Iev]nX Cs\ aqv A`nam\\ma ]db
sSpp. Cu kqvaicocw Xm\mbnp tXmp Ahbvp
kz]v \ sa mWv ]d bp Xv . kq v a i co cm `n am \n bmb Poh
\pkz \ c ImZn temI {]m ]v Xn bpw, Ahn sS bp kzI
^em\p` h n \p tijw Chn sS s ]p\P hp ap v . CXv
kqvaicoc Iev]\bmIpp.
qe {]]krjvSnbpw ]oIcWhpw
kpJZpxJtfmSp tNp\nevp Pohmv qe
icochpw t`mKhpw kw`hnpamdv k PohcI\mb Cuiz
c (]oIcnm kqva`qXv A]oIrX`qX
Fp t]cv. ]oIcWw C\nbpw ASpp]dbpp.) A]o
IrX ]alm`qXsf ]oIcnp. Fs\sbm, A]
oIrX ]alm`qXfpsS XmakKpW Xm{XIfn Hmtcm
Aymtcm]m]hmZ
digitized by www.sreyas.in
62 AssZzXNnm]Xn
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digitized by www.sreyas.in
63
nt\bpw Xpeyfmb Cu cp `mKfmbn hn`Pnv Ahbn
BZy `m K fmb (Hmtcm n tbpw ]IpXn Awi sf)
Hmtcmnt\bpw \memn B \ment\bpw ap `qXfpsS ]m
XntbmSp tNtm kzmwiw ]IpXnbpw ap \mewi Ac
bvm `mKw (atmtcm `qXnsbpw Acbvm`mKw) hoXw
IqSnb ]IpXnbpw tNp qe`qX Dmbn. (Zzn[m hn[mb
ssNssIIw NXpw {]Yaw ]p\xkztkzXcZznXobmwssitbm
P\mXv ] ] tX) (DZm: BImis cmbn hn`Pnv
AXn Hcw i hpw, hmbzmZn `qX fpsS Ac bv m Awiw
hoXhpw Hnp tNp qemImiapmIpp. CXpt]mse
Fm`qXsfpdnpap ]oIcWw {KlnpsImWw Fv
Aw.) Cu qe`qXfn\nv qe icocfpw kIem
fpw Ahbnsemmb `qanbpw t`mKfpw Dhnp.
Cu qe]`qXv Zihn[KpWfpsv {ipXn
Ifn ]dbpp. (]nI 284mw t]Pn ImWpI)
A]oIrX]alm`qXfpsS XmakKpWXm{XI
fn Hmtcmns\bpw Cu cmbn `mKnXv PohtImSnIfpsS D]
tbm K n \p thn am{X am Ip p. F s\ sb m BIm i
ns Amwiw `qX ]nimNppw, _mn ap PohtIm
Sn Ipw, hmbp hns Amwiw ]n Pm Xn Ipw
A\ymwiw A\y Po hn Ipw An bpsS Amwiw tZh
Ipw, as Awiw ap PohnIpw, Pens Amwiw
aymZn PePppw, CXcmwiw A\yPppw, ]rYn
hn bpsS Amwiw kv {Xo PmXn Ipw, _mn Amwiw
ap Poh tImSnIpw thnbmIpp. C{]Imcw Ahchp
XXpt]mse A\p`hnhn [n BnbXp Xs
bmWv ]oIcWw sImp {]tbmP\w
C\n Ac`mKs FSpv Acbvm`mKamn (]IpXn
bpsS \men Hv) ]oIcWw sNbvXv CXc`qXtfmSp an{io
IcnXns {]tbmP\sasp ]dbpp.....
BImin kv]i, cq], ck Kfmb \mep KpW
hym]yfmbXn\m AZriyfmbpw \nPKpWamb i_vZw
Zriyambpw Ccnpw. hmbphn cq] ck Kfmb aqp KpW
hym]yfmbXn\m AZriyfmbpw ImcWKpWamb
Aymtcm]m]hmZ
digitized by www.sreyas.in
64 AssZzXNnm]Xn
i_vZhpw \nPKpWamb kv]ihpw Zriyfmbpw Ccnpw. An
bn ckKfmb cp KpW hym]yfmbXpsImv
Ah AZriyfmbpw ImcWKpWfmb i_vZkv]ifpw
\nPKpWamb cq]hpw Zriyfmbpw Ccnpw. Pen K
KpWw hym]yambXpsImv AZriyambpw i_vZkv]icq]
fmIp ImcWKpWfpw \nPKpWamb ckhpw Zriyfmbpw
Ccnpw. ]rYznbn ImcWKpWfmb i_vZkv]icq]ck
fpw \nPKpWamb Khpw Zriyfmbns Ccnpw.
kqva`qXfn\npw kqvaicocfpmbXp t]mse
Xs, ]oIcnXmb qe`pXfn \npw qe icoc
fpapmbn.
qeicoc Dmb {Iaw:
]rYnhn:
]rYnhnbn kzmwiw ]IpXn tNXv Anbpw,
]rYnhnbn Acbvm (1/8) `mKw Pew tNXp amwkhpw
(1/8) `mKw An Nhpw
(1/8) `mKw hmbp RcpIfpw
(1/8) `mKw BImiw tcmafpw
BIpp. Ch Apw ]rYnhnbpsS IqdpIfmIpp.
Pew:
Pen kzmwiw ]IpXn tNXp aq{Xhpw

]rYnhn Acbvm `mKw tNXv abpw


An hnbpw
hmbp chpw
BImiw iphpw
BIpp. Ch Apw Pens IqdpIfmWv.
An:
Anbn kzmwiw ]IpXn IqSnbXp \n{Zbpw

]rYnhn Acbvm `mKw IqSnbXv hnipw


Pew (XrjvW) Zmlhpw
hmbp (Bekyw) oWhpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
65
BImiw kwKahpw
BIpp. Cu Apw AnbpsS IqdpIfmWv.
hmbp:
hmbphn kzmwiw ]IpXn IqSnbXp Hmw

]rYnhn 1/8 IqSnbXv InSv


Pew Ccnv
An \Sv
BImiw Nmw
Cu Apw hmbphns IqdpIfmWv.
BImiw:
BImin kzmwiw ]IpXn IqSnbXp tamlw

]rYnhn 1/8IqSnbXv cmKw


Pew tZzjw
An `bw
hmbp e
Ch Apw BImins IqdpIfmIpp.
Ch Ccp]nbp XXzfpwIqSn qeicocsapw A
abtImisapw hyhlcnsSpp.
Cu qe`q X sImv A ap m bn. B A
ns At[m`mKnepw Du`mKnepambnv Gtggp temI
fpw B temIv DNnXfmb \mephI tbm\nIfpw Ggp
hI Pfpw qe cqt]W Dmbn.
\mephI tbm\nI APw, Dnw,tkzZPw PcmbpPw
ChIfmIpp. Chbn AP ]n ]KmZnIfpw, Dn
hreXmZnIfpw tkzZP t], sImXpIv, aq apX
embhbpw PcmbpP tZham\pjarKmZnIfpw BIpp.
Ggp hI P tZham\pj ]nartKmcKPePmh
cfmIpp Ch F]n\mepesap ]dbsSpp.. Ch
bn ap]d Ccp]nAp XzfSnb qeicoc
sf tZh cmka\pjyarKmZnIfmbn P\n Hmtcmtcm Poh
mpw P\\w tXmdpw AhchcpsS I^em\pt`mKn\\p
Aymtcm]m]hmZ
digitized by www.sreyas.in
66 AssZzXNnm]Xn
cq]amb hn[n PKrjvSmhmb Cuizc krjvSnpsImSp
cpfpp.
A`nam\\ma
C\n qeicocm`nam\m Pothizcmv knnn
p \mahntij GsXmsap hnhcnpp: kajvSnq
eicocs Xms\`nam\n Cuizc\v hncmSv, sshizm\c,
sshcmPI Fns\ aqv A`nam\\ma Dv.
hyjvSn qeicocs Xms\v A[yknncnp Poh\v
hniz, hyhlmcnI, NnZm`mk Fv aqv A`nam\\ma
Dv. qetZlw Xms\p tXmp Ahkcw Pm{KZh
bmIpp.
Poh{]fbw
Cu qeicocn\p \n{Z, aq, acWw Cs\ aqv
{]fb Dv. Ahbn \n{Z Zn\{]fbhpw, aq Ahmc
{]fbhpw, acWw alm{]fbhpw BIpp. Cu qeicocn\p
]tZ ]mtZ DXv]nbpw \mihpapv. Fm kqvaicocw,
ImcWicocancnpXphsc \ne\nevpw. CXp hS_oP\ymb
{]Imcap qe icocIev]\bmIpp.
C{]Imcw AJ]cn]qssNX\yambn {]Iminp
ip{_n Akv (CmXv) Bb Poh]c (Poth
izcm) shdpw Zriyw (tXm) am{Xambn `hnXns\pdnv
Aymtcm]bpn sImv IgnhpnStmfw ImWnp. BI
bm AlnnXfmbnmWsSp kakvXZriy
tfbpw Cu tlXpsf adpt]mImsX kz]v\Xpeyw AkXy
sap \nbnp sXfnh \nwibw m\nbmIpp..
taevdXpsImv Aymtcm]bpn Ahkm\np.
A]hmZw
(amImcm Ibdn tXmnb k{]XoXn \
shfnn CmXmbn hmkvXhnXn {KlnpXpt]mse,
digitized by www.sreyas.in
67
{_hkvXphn Am\m tXmnb PothizcPKXv t`Z
sf AssZz X th Zm im kv {X bp n IsImp \ntj [np
hmkvXhnXn shfnsSpp k{Zmbn\v A]hmZbpn
Fp imkv{Xfn ]dbpp.)
taL \n_nUfmbn \nd agmew amdptm
BImiw bmsXmcp amen\yhpw IqSmsX {]IminpXpt]mse
\m\mhn[nep {]]`m\ Bymtcm] Fmw
\on {_ssNX\yw ]cn]qambn shfnsSpApXIc
amb sFIyapnsb {]m]npXn\p km[\amIpp A]
hmZ X{w.
Fssbm: CXp ka, cqhmIpp. Ch tNmc
\, mWphmIpp. CXp Pea, Im\emIpp. CXp cPXa
, ipnbmIpp. CXpIrjvWha, BImiamIpp. Fp
ImWpXpt]mse,Rms\pw FtsXpw A`nam\nph A
ymZn Ccp]p XXzfmbn ImWsSp qeicoctam
AXn\pw B[mcambp qe`qXtfm, Ahbvpw B[mcambn
ASpnshXpt]msebp KpW{Xbtam Almctam aqe {]Ir
Xntbm A, ]ntbm AJ]cn]q knZm\kzcq]at{X.
Cu hmkvXhsmWpXn\p m\mNmcys A\p
{KlamIp t\{Xhpw, almm AcpfnsNbvX A\p`qXnimkv{X
amIp Zo]hpw AXymt]nXfmb D]IcWfmIpp.
qetZlw apX aqe {]IrXn]cyw D Btcm]sf
A]hZnv hkv XpnXn ZrVsSphn[w Fs\sbm:
Imcyw Imc W n\np `n a , Fp imkv {X Zr jv Sn
sImp hnIrXnqetZlw apX aqe{]IrXn]cyw XXz
sf, AXXp ImcWfn \npmbXpt]msebYm{Iaw AXXp
ImcWfn ebnnpIbmIpp.. CsXs\sbp hnhcn
pp.
qeicoceb{Iaw
BImiw kzmwiw ]IpXn tamlamWsm? AXv BImi
tmSv tNm ebnpp. AXpt]mse Xs, BImins
_mn A`mKnse \mewi (Acbvm Acbvm
Aymtcm]m]hmZ
digitized by www.sreyas.in
68 AssZzXNnm]Xn
`mKw hoXaph) Bnbh CXc`qXfmb ]rYnhn, An,
Pew, hmbp Ch \menepw Iep \npmb cmKw, tZzjw `bw
e Cu \mep hnImcfpw BImitmSp tNp hnebn
pp.
hmbp hns kzmwiw ]Ip Xn bmb Hmw hmbp hn t\mSv
tNm ebnpw. AXpt]mseXs hmbphns _mn A
`mKw \mep`mKamnbh CXc`qXfmb ]rYnhn, Pew, An,
BImiw Ch \menepw Iep\npmb InSv, Ccnv, \Sv,
Nmw Cu \mep hnImcfpw hmbpthmSp tNp ebnXs
sNpp.
AnbpsS kzmwiw ]IpXnbmb \n{Z AntbmSp tNm
ebnpw. AXpt]mse Xs AnbpsS _mn A`mKw
\mep`mKamnbh CXc`qXfmb ]rYnhn, Pew, hmbp, BIm
iw, Ch \menepw Iep\npmb hniv, Zmlw, Bekyw
kwKaw Ch \mepw AntbmSp tNpebnpp.
Pew kzmwiw ]IpXn aq{XamsWp app ]dnpsm
AXpw AXpt]mseXs Pens _mn Amwiw \mep
`mKamnbh CXc`qXfmb ]rYzn, An, hmbp BImiw
Ch \mepw Iep\npmb a, hnbv, cw, ipw Ch
\mepw PetmSp tNp ebnpp.
]rYznbpsS kzmwiw ]IpXnbmb An ]rYzntbmSp tNp
ebnpp. AXpt]mse ]rYznbpsS _mn Amwins
\mewi (Acbv m`mKw hoXw) CXc`qXfmb Pew,
An, hmbp BImiw Ch \menepw Iep\npmb amwkw
Nw, Rcv, tcmaw Ch \mepw ]rYnhntbmSp tNp ebn
pp.
Cs\ qeicocXXz Ccp]nbpw qe]
`qXfn hnebnpp.
qe]`qXfpsS eb{Iaw
]rYnhn, Pew, An, hmbp, BImiw Cu qe{`qX
fpw kqv a ] `q X fpsS Xtam Kp W n ebn p p.
Cs\ qe`qXfpw hnebnm X\yfmb A
digitized by www.sreyas.in
69
PmZn \mephI tbm\nIfpw tZhmZn FgphI Pfpw, Aab
tImihpw hncmUmZn Cuizcm`nam\ \mafpw, hnizmZnPohm`n
am\ \mafpw hnebnpw.
kqvaicoceb{Iaw
Fs\sbm:
i_vZXm{X cmPkhyjvSntbmSpIqSnb hmKn{nbw
i_vZXm{Xbnepw
kv]i ]mWo{nbw kv]i
cq] ]mtZ{nbw cq]
ck Kptly{nbw ck
K KptZ{nbw K
i_vZXm{X kmznIhyjvSntbmSp IqSnb t{imt{X{nbw
i_vZXm{Xbnepw
kv]i XzKn{nbw kv]i
cq] t\t{X{nbw cq]
ck Pntlz{nbw ck
K {LmtW{nbw K
i_vZXm{X cmPkkajvSntbmSp IqSnb kam\hmbp
i_vZXm{Xbnepw
kv]i hym\hmbp kv]i
cq] DZm\hmbp cq]
ck A]m\hmbp ck
K {]mWhmbp K
i_vZXm{X kmznIkajvSntbmSp IqSnb m\w
i_vZXm{Xbnepw
kv]i a\v kv]i
cq] _pn cq]
ck Nnw ck
K Almcw K
Aymtcm]m]hmZ
digitized by www.sreyas.in
70 AssZzXNnm]Xn
ebn p p. AXm b Xv , hm KmZn It {n b fpw
t{im{XmZn mt\ {n b f pw, kam \mZn hmbp fpw
m\mZn AxIcWfpw IqSnb kqva icocXzancp]Xpw
X\np ImcWfmb ]Xm{XIfpsS kzctPmKpW
fn ebnpw.
kqva]`qXebw
]rYnhn kzImcWamb KXm{XtbmSpIqSn Penepw
Pew ck Anbnepw
An cq] hmbphnepw
hmbp kv]i BIminepw
BImiw i_vZ hnt]i nbnepw
hnt]inbpw BhcWinbpw kzImcWamb Xtam
KpW{]IrXnbnepw ebnpXmIpp.
C\n Pohs ImcWicocebw Fs\sbm: Xs
ad adhnsb Am\s BWsm ImcWicocsap ]d
bpXv.? AXns\ Dqe\w sNpXv Fs\sb ibvv
thZw AkXyw]dbpIbn. BIbm AXns alm hmIym
amb kzcq]s Bmhns\ hnkvacnXpt]msebncpsnepw
Dn IpsImp a\\w sNWw. A{]Imcw sNbvXm B
BhkvXp ]cn]qambn {]Iminpw.As\bmbm kI
eNcmNcfpw AmtImSnIfpw _mlynemsX ]cn
]qamb Fs Ahym]In Xmt\ ZriyamIpsap ]d
bXmb ZrV NnX kzbw kw`hnpw. B \nebn B\m
Znbmbn AdnbmsX hv Dn [cnncnp kzcq]s ad
ncnp AhnZybmIp ImcWicochpw ebsSpXmIpp.
Cu hneo\mhbn, cmPkKpWmhnZybn {]Xn_nw
_n m\\njvTm, I\njvTm Bekyw \n{Z abw
ChtbmSpIqSnbh Cs\bp aqphI Pohmmfpw B
ImcWicocs A`nam\np {]m, ]mcamnI, Ahn
n Cu A`nam\\mafpw hnebw {]m]npw.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
71
{XnaqnIfpsS ebw
kzKpWambbn kzw {][m\amIptm AXn
{]Xn_nw_n hnjvWphpw, cPv {][m\amIptm AXn {]Xn
_nw_n {_mhpw, Xap {][m\amIptm AXn {]Xn_nw
_n cp{Z\pw, kzKpWamb ImcWicocs A`nam\n Cuiz
c, A\vXcyman, AhymIrX, Cu A`nam\nIfpw kzImcWamb
kzKpWn ebw {]m]npw. apIfn ]dbs {XnKpW
Ahbvp ImcWamb aqe {]IrXnbnepw B aqe {]IrXn
X\n[njvTm\amb AJ]cn]qknZm\ kzcq]amb
{_hkvXphnepw ebnpw.
Cs\ knZm\kzcq]amb ]c{_w X\n\yamsX
Xm\mbnpXs {]Iminpp Fp {ipXnI A]hmZX{
cqt]W shfnsSppp. C{]Imcw Aymtcm]m]hmZbpn
IsImv kImcWamb {_ssNX\yn \nv A\y
ambnv bmsXmcp hkv Xp hpan spw B {_ hkv Xp Xm\m
sWpw A]tcmambn t_m[nbmWv ebkam[namtW
bpff ssIhey{]m]vXnbvp ImcWw.
Aymtcm]m]hmZ
digitized by www.sreyas.in
72 AssZzXNnm]Xn
II
icocXzkw{Klw
{_ssNXss\yItZiambn nXnsNp aqe{]Ir
Xnsb ambminbpsS tNjvS\nanw i_vZkv]i cq]c
kKsf Aphnjb Ap {`qXfmbpw B {`qX
At\It`Z`nNcmNc (mhcPwKa) cq] {]]ambpw
`hnp. Cu {]]Iev]\bvv ImcWw ]{`qX kn{iambpw
]nmImcambpancnp icocw XsbmWv . As\bncnp
icocnep ApX kIecpw Ku\nhbmIbm
Ahsb ChnsS Ipdnpp. Cu icocn kz`mhXx nXn
sNp izmkhmbp icocs cnpXn\v D]tbmKap
Xmbn sbncnpp. izmkamIs aqem[mcn \npw
DKanv AXns Hcp `mKw I]men sNpXp IqSmsX
asmcp `mKw \mknI Asn h{w amambn shfnsv
AXn Nne AwKpe {]amWw tNXspt]mIpp. tijnXns\,
ta]d I]men sN Awiw {KlnpsImp aqem[m
cn Xs t]mbntcpp. C{]Imcw \nanjw sXmsX Du[z
apJambpw, At[mapJambpw t]mbnhcp Cu izmkw kpjp]vXy
hbn D{Kambn \SpXv kz`mhamIpp. AXpsImv ico
cn\v Ghpw BtcmKyw `hnpp. Pm{KImen izmk
\Sv F{Xbpw teiambncnWw. As\bmsX D{Kambn \S
psan tZln _ebw t\cnvizmkhmbphns aqem
[mcthcn\v Abhpmbncnppsbpw AXv Ahkm\Imekq
N\sbpw AdntbXmWv. A{]Imcw B]v t\cnSmXncnp
Xntebvv sNtXmb Pm{KX Fsm Pm{KZhbn
izmk\S, \bambncnpXn\v icocZmVyw ImcWamIbm
icocs {iasSpmsX cnWw,in, {Iaw, ]cnanXn
Chsb AXn{Ianv bmsXmpw {]hnm Xp\nbcpXv. hnj
bm\m\p`hn shfnsSp ip{ItimWnX icocns
digitized by www.sreyas.in
73
bmhkmcmwitfbpw ]ngnv Hcp hgnbqsSbndphbm
Ibmepw CXn\m icocn\v Ghpw _ebw kw`hnp
Xn\mepw Cu kwKXnbn hfsc sshcmKytmSpw anXambpw
CcntXmWv. {] hnncnptm izmkw Ghpw arZp
hmbn \Spsan A]mbw XsbmWv.
CXmsX \njvjambncnp At\I Nnd (AxIc
WhrnIsf hmbpfmn ]dXv. {]mW Gh a\x, a\ Gh
{]mWx F \nbaa\pkcnmWv. int`Zmet{X Chsb
cmbn hylcnpXv) hmbp izmkKXmKXklmbm
{]Im in p sImv ico c n ]e m\ nepw Dv . Ah.
1. a\v 2. _pn 3. Nnw 4. Almcw F Cu \mep kz`mh
tfmSpIqSnb AxIcWamIbm AXp kpjp]vXnImen
{]Imiw IqSmsX ASn InSXpw kz]v\ntem Pm{KZh
bn AXn\p hntijinbpmIpXpw kz`mhw Xs.
Fsm izmkw _esm AxIcWw aen\o`hnpw.
\bsm {]ImikamIpw. Cu AxIcWneSnbn
cnp \mep kz`mhfn a\mbXv , `mhnImenXnsb
Ku\nmsX AXns {]Xyn ImWp hnjbn kqNn
m \ymbn DSs\ hym]cnpw.
Nnsam A{]Imcw a\p hym]cn DSs\ GsX
nepw A\pam\s sImSppXp XsbmWv. _pnsbm
A{]Imcw A\pam\apmb DSs\ hnlnXmhnlnXsf hnNm
cnv DNnXamb IrXyw CsXv \nbnpXmWv. Alm
camIs bmsXmcp Imcyssbnepw sNbvhm Xp\nbpXmWv.
Hcp hnjbn a\p hym]cnv Nnw A\pam\n DSs\ B
hnjbs _pnbpsS hnNmcWbvIv sImphv Almcw
tNv \Sp \S]Sn hrYmhnemtXbpw AwKoIcn
Xpw Bbncnpw. Cu {Iaw hnv (sXn) GXp hnjbnse
nepw a\v hym]n Asn A\pam\w P\n DSs\ _pn
abhnNmcW IqSmsX Almcw tIdn hnp {ItamwLnbmb
\S]SnnSbmIpsan AXn\mem]pw icochyYbpw A]
Ionbpw [\\jvShpw kw`hnpsapXv temIm\p`hm
ZrV s n cn p Xm Ip p. AXns\ \n{K ln p Xn tebv v
Bpw Ign I bn . BI bm KpW tZmjhnNmcw IqSmsX
icocXzkw{Klw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
74 AssZzXNnm]Xn
{]hrn ]mSn. Zpjv{]hrn tlXphmbn B]p kw`hnv
Idp kabp am{Xw Fm\pw hnNmcW sNbzm XpS
p aqV P \ p thn ]m m]w sImm Sp Xp
sImp am{Xw {]tbmP\w hXpaptm? A{]Imcw hnNmcw
IqSmsX {]hnXntebvv AhscsImv {]mbnw sNn
Ww, Fnte icnbmIq. ChnsS {]mbnsap ]dXns
Aw km[mcW [cnpw \Spw \Snpw hcp {]Imcw
[\w apXembhsbsImv s]cpamdpIsbpXmsWp [cn
cpXv.]ntbm, {]mtbm \ma X]xt{]mw Nnw \nb DNy
tX, Xmt]m \nb kwbpw {]mbnw XZpNytX, AXm
bXp {]mbx F Xn\v X] spw X] D ] Xmt] F
[mXz{]Imcw X]sXn\v Xm]( hyk\) sapw Nn
sa Xn\v \n b sapw Cs\ X]pw \n bhpw IqSn
tXv {]mbnw Fpw Aw BIpp. GsXnepw
Hcp ISpw ssI sNbvXpt]mbm, Atm! Rm\ns\ sNbvXp
t]mbsm, Fv ]mm]sSpIbpw, Xcw t]mse ]ntbpw
]ntbpw sNbvIbpw ]mm]nbpw, sNbvXm AXp {]mb
namIbn. ]m]w {]{`qXambn hnv \cIm\p`hnt\
XcamIpIbpq. AXn\m, Atm Rm\ns\ sNbvXpt]m
bsm, Fp ]mm]tmSpIqSn C\n Rm\ns\ sNp
Ibn. Fsmcp \nbhpw IqsS tNpsImv A{]Imcw
\S pp sh n am{Xw Atm {]mb n i _v Z ns
Ahpw X^ehpw icnbmbn knnpw.
]`qXfmIp Aphnjbtfbpw AdnpsImv
kpJZpxJmh Isf A\p ` hn p amdv AxIc W v
klmbw sNm\mbn mt\{nbsf Ap hmbp,
Ahbvmbn \njvIjns m\fn, ZW F
Xpt]mse icocn tim`npp. Cu C{nbfn Hmtcmpw
Hmtcmtcm {`qXkw_ambp hnjbs {Klnphm km[
\ambncnpp., Cu C{nbfn GXnsenepamIs AxIc
W{]thiapmbmemsX hnjb{KlWw ]pIbn. A\y{X
a\m A`qhw\mf{iujw (Fs a\v thsdmnembncpXp
sImv RmtIn) Fp XpSnb {ipXn AXn\p sXfnhm
Ipp Cu C{nb ham\Imen\p tNXmsX `qX
digitized by www.sreyas.in
75
`mhnImev ]pIbn. Hcn{nbhnjbn AxIcW
{]thiw Dmbncnt ap C{nbfpsS hnjb anYym
`qXfmbncnpp. kpjp]vXnkabn AxIcWw ebnn
cnbm Atm kIe C{nbfpw \njv{]tbmP\fmWv.
A I cWw ZrV am bn cn p tm AXv ]t {n b fn
GXnsenepw Hn {]thinpsImmXncnbn. AxIc
WamIs C{nbamqsS hnjbmZnIfn hnizmkw sshXpw
Xkw_ambn s]cpamn\p Xp\nbpXpat{X {]]m\p
`hw. Cub\p`hw AXp e`n \nanjw amdnbm anYybmbpw hyk
\kmKcn appXmbpw Ccnbm Cu C{nbm\p`hs
hnizknpIqsSpXv \nbw Xs.
GsXm cp \pw hkv Xp {] Xy `n m \m ambpw apw
Hns\ Dun BtemNnp kabn izmks Xs \ne
bn kvX_v[amn \npXv kzm[o\ambpw B AtemN\m
ka b n \n{Z bn F s\tbm A{] Imcw AxIcWw
ASn C{nb \njv{]tbmP\ambncnpXv klPambpw
Ccnbm B hn[w AxIcWw ssIhisSp kzev]Ime
n AXns\ hnjbmZnIfn {]thinmhn[w ASn Xs
a[y\ne GsXv AdnhpsImv \nbnpXv B\njvT
bmIpp. Cu \njvTbn kmnam{Xambncnp AdnhpXs
(m\ta) Xm F ZrV{]Xybapmbn imizXamb knZm
\m\p`hw knnpp. C{Xtmfw kqvaamb Cu \njvT
bn AXym{Klanm Am\nI kKXnsb {]m]np
Xn\v thtd amapsv hnizknpXn Hcp {]tbmP\
hpan.
]ntbpw {]_eamb aqp hmbp Pew, An, hmbp
Cu aqp {`qXfpsS kz`mhtfmSpIqSn tjva]n hmX
sf aqp [mXpcq]fmbn Cu icocn {]Iminpp. Cu
[mXp fn hmbp hns kz`m h tm Sp Iq Snb hmXw krjv Sn
Im hmbpw An bpsS kz`m h tm Sp Iq Snb ]nw c
Imhmbpw Pens kz`mhtmSpIqSnb tjvaw kwlm
cIImhmbpw A[nImcsf kzoIcnv \Sn hcpp. tjva
[mXp ]n[mXphn\pw ]nwhmX[mXphn\pw ASn \St
XmWv. tjva[mXp AXn{Ianm A]mbw Xs. ]n[mXp
icocXzkw{Klw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
76 AssZzXNnm]Xn
{]IrXnhnm DSs\ AXp ImcWambn \nv tjva[mXphns\
A[nIsSpn A]mbnXnbnempw. icocnXnsb Adn
psImpXn Cu [mXp X km[\fmbncnpp.
Ch IqSmsX thsd Hmtcmtcm Nnd hmbpfpw AXmXn\p X
t]mse tZlkw_ambp Imcysf \SpXn Gs
ncnbm Ahbn NneXv tZlkwcWmw DsImp
Blmcfn Petbpw ap `Wkm[\btfbpw {Ia
ambn sImpsNv \nbXm\fn {]tXyIw {]tXyIambn
tNpp. A{]Imcw tNsSp Blmcsf Nne hmbp
PosSppp. As\ PoambXn\ptijw B
Blmc fpsS kmcmwisf Nne hmbp icocnep
At\IhmbvNmepIfn sImp sNp bmhtlmZyw Ien
amwkw, cw, AnI, RcpI, IpSepI, \J, tcma
apXembhsb hrnbmpp. B hn[ h\bvmbnv
D]tbmKsSppXp \on tijap Awiw Hmtcm tcmam
hgnbneqsS hnbmbnv ]pdsv Xznt Agpmbn tNcpp.
Cu Agpns\ ampXn\v {]XnZn\w kv\m\w sNbvXnsn
BbXv tcmaZzmcsf ASpIfbpsaXpw AXn\m icoc
n Zpocv Xn\nv hym[nbpmpsaXpw Fmhpw
A\p`hamsWtm. C{]Imcw BlmcfpsS kmcmwi D]
tbmKsXn\ptijw Inbmbp Awi AXpImbn
Gsncnp aePeamfn sNv ]pdp t]mIpamdv
Nne hmbp {]hnpp. tZlnse ap Zzmcfn
amfneqsS Nne aen\Pefpw AgppIfpw IqSn ]pdsSp
pv. Cu khmbpfpw Atlmcm{Xw \nanjsanepw CS
hn SmsX AX Xns Imcy sf F{Xbpw `{Z ambn \S n
hcpXn\m D]m[nmkv]Zambp Blmcsf hnen
cnNcnnp (Daambnp)hsb am{Xw Afhpw kabhpw
sXmsX km[np t]mnsn tZlnep camwkmZnsb
apnv IpS ep Isf _m[n pw. BI bm Cu hnj b n
F{Xbpw Pm{K X bm bn cn Ww. DsIm p Blm c sf
PosSppXn\v DXIp hmbpv \n{ZmhbpsS
klmbw apJyamIbm Cu Ahsb \n_npI ]mSn.
icocns GXp m\n ckmcw CmXncnpthm
AhnsS DWn. AXn\m {]mWhmbp ccq]ambpXm
digitized by www.sreyas.in
77
sWv hniz knv c ]p jv Sn hn j b n Ku\n t Xm Wv .
It{nb Fp \maw knnv {]hrnI \SpXn\v
km[\fmbncnp Ap hmbpfpw tNjvSnpXn\v Al
mcw ImcWambncnbm B Almcw taenmemsX Cu
hmbpv inbn.tZlnXnsb hnNmcnm CXv A]m
b I cambpw _lp Pm {K X tbm Sp IqSn cn t Xmbpw CXp
\nanw hnfbp B]pI A]mcambpw Ccnpp. Cco
cns A\p`hw \cIm\p`hw Xs. CXneSnbncnp Zp
v kZriambn ]dbpXntebvv Hpan. BIbm
Cu icocnepw CXp kw_amb hnjbnepw A`nam\w
shbvmsX Xzm\ hnNmcWbn Imesgnp KXnsb
{]m]npXmWv Cu a\pjyPn\\ptbmPyw.
icocXzkw{Klw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
78 AssZzXNnm]Xn
III
PKanYymXzhpw
{_kmmXvImchpw
PKv ktm Aktm?
Pnmkp: Cu temIw ktm Aktm Fv Adnbp
hm\m{Klapv.
hmhv: Ctm \nv Cs\sbmcp Pnmkbp
mIm\p ImcWsamWv?
Pnmkp : Rm ]e imkv{X{Kfpw ]pcmtWXnlm
kfpw hmbnppv. Ahbn Nne imkv{X {]]w
km sW pw, ap Nne imkv {X Ak m sW pw
knmnpp. ChbnteXmWv icnsbp \nbnm\p
in F\nn. AXpsImmWv AhnSpt ASp Fs
Pnmk {]ISnnpXv.
hmhv :kpw Akpw Xn ep hyXymkw Adn
bmtam?
Pnmkp: Adnbmw. C{nb hgn AdnbsSptm
DXmsWp tXmp ]Zm kpw As\ A\p
`hsSm ]Zm AkpamsWmWv Rm [cnncn
pXv.
hmhv: B [mcW icnb. Ibdn ]mntbpw Ipn
bn tNmctbpw tXmepmImdpv. IpsImv ImWp
XmbnmWv AsXmw \ap\p`sSpXpw. amImcn
kXysap tXmp B A\p`h {]Imin AkXy
amsW\p`hsSpw. AXn\m C{nb hgn A\p`hsSp
digitized by www.sreyas.in
79
tm Dsp tXmp ]Zmsfmw kmsWp hniz
knpXp icnbsp a\nemWw. AXpt]mse C{nb
hgn AdnbsSm ]Zm AkmsWp hnNm
chpw icnb. C{nbmXoXfmb Poh Cuizc ]camWp
apXembh AkmsWp \n hnizknptam?
Pnmkp: cp hn tXmnb khpw Ipn bn
tXmnb tNmc\pw A\p`hImep kmsWp tXmpsa
nepw {]Imin kqnpt\mptm Ah AkmsW
pa\nemIpw. AXpt]mse C{nbp hnjbasnepw
Poh\pw Cuizc\pw ]camWpfpw Aksp ]dbm Xc
an. ]t {]]w C{nbhnjbambXn\mepw Fpw \ne\n
evpXn\mepw AXp kmWv FmWv Fs hnizmkw.
hmhv: C{nbv hnjbamIpI, Fmepw \ne
\nevpI Cu cp eWw sImmWv \nfntm kns\
\nNnpXv. ]t {]]n\v C{nbp hnjbam
IpI FXpsImp Fpw \ne\nevpI F eWw ]d
bp hm ]mSn . Fs m h am \ Im es A\p `hw
am{Xta {]Xy{]amWw sImpmIpIbpp. C{nb hgn
A\p`hnptm PKv Cs\sbmsbncnpp Ft ]d
pIqSp. PKns hmkvXhkzcq]w CXpXs Fp m]n
m Cu kmyw am{Xw t]mcm. A{]Imcw m]npXv Iman
emc ImWmtmgpw ]Zm apXsbncnpw
Fv Abm iTnpw t]msebmWv.aqI shm\sb
mWpp. {`m B\ hcpp Fp Ip ]cn{`antmSpp.
B B\Iv \t kw_nv kbn. Fm tXmepw
AhchcpsS kevvamIp ASnm\n DcpnSnpp.
AhyambnnSp `m\ Iptdsm kvYqecq
]n {]Xysv Dn AXn\pX hnPrw`Wfpm
Ww. A{Xtb Dp. Xmakw. AXpmIptm XmZrihnPrw`
WfpsS ^eambn app \nehnencnp qe adv
]pXnbXn\nSw sImSppp. CXmWp {]Xym\p`hns kmam
\y\ne.
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
80 AssZzXNnm]Xn
Fm Hcp am hp an msX aqp Imepw \ne \n
evpIsbXmWv kns eWw. AXp {]]n ka
\zbnpn. {]]w {]XyamsWnepw DXv]nbpXpw,
]cn W an p Xpw, \in p Xpw BsW \p ` h ap Xn \m
Fpw \ne \n ev p X s pw Xocp am \n mw. AXp sImv
{]]w Ak m Ip p. A ksXv Hcn epw (Ime {X b
nepw) CmXpamIpp. AXn\v A\rXw, anYy XpSnb
]e t]cpIfpapv.
Pnmkp: Akv FXp aqpImenepw CmXm
W tm, Cm hkv Xp {]Xy tKm N c am hp I bn . Fm
{]]w Fmhpw {]XytKmNcamhppv. AXn\m {]]
s Aksp ]dbpXp bpamIptam?
hmhv: Akp cp hn[apv. Ahbnsemv \maw am{X
apXpw, asmv \mahpw cq]hpw am{XapXpw Aanm
XpamIpp.\maam{Xn\v DZmlcWw hym]p{X\mIpp. Hcn
epw {]khnmhmIpp hy F \maw. Chv
aebmf`mjbn an Fpw acSn Fpw IqsS t]cp ]dbm
dpv. Atm hyp ]p{X\nsmbn. BIbm hym
]p {X Fsmcp shdpw \ma a msX cq]hpw Ahpan.
Cs\ \ma am{Xamb Akv Hcnepw Bpw A\p`hs
Smdn. cmatXn\v DZmlcWw cpkw, ipnImcPXw,
Im\Pew (arKXrjvW) apXembhbmIpp. Chbn cp
(Ibdv)hpw, ipnI (appnn)bpw, Im\epw ImcWft{X.
khpw, cPX(shn)hpw Pehpw ImcyfpamWv. Cu Imcy
v ksapw, cPXsapw Pesapap \mafpw cq]
fpamsX hmkvXhn AXzw (ksapw cPXsapw
Pesap hkvXp) C. Fnepw Ch {]Xyw t]mse
{]XoXamImdpv. cphmsWp bYmm\anmXncp
XpsImmWv AXns\ ]msp sXncnXv. cphmsW
p bYmm\apmIptm kamsWp sXn
mcW \on cphns\ cphmsWp Xs [cnpp.
AXmbXv ImcWamb Ibdns\ IbsddnXn\ptijw Imcy
amb ]mv tXmm sX Ib dp am{Xw ImW s Spp Fp
Xmev]cyw.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
81
ImcyImcWhmZw
Pnmkp: cp, ipnI, acp`qan (Im\) Ch ImcW
fpw, kw, cPXw, Pew Ch ImcyfpamsWv AhnSpv
Iev]nXv FpsImmsWv F\np a\nemIpn. cp
hn \np khpw ipnbn \nv cPXhpw, acp`qanbn
\np Pehpw DmbnmWpn. B \nebvv cpipnIm
ZnI kcPXmZnIp ImcWamIbnsm,
hmhv: cpipnImZnI kcPXmZnIv Imc
W XsbmWv. Hcp hkvXp DmIpXn\p aqp ImcW
thWw. D]mZm\ImcWw, \nanImcWw, klImcnImcWw
FmWhbvp imkv{Xfn \maIcWw sNbvXncnpXv.
IpSamIp Imcyn\p av D]mZm\ImcWhpw Ipih \nan
ImcWhpw, Zw N{Iw apXembh klImcnImcWhpamWv.
Chbn D]mZm\ImcWn\v At`ZImcWsapw, \nanIm
cWn\v Imshpw klImcnImcWn\p IcWsapw
IqsS t]cpv. bmsXmnemtWm ImcyapmIpXv, bmsXmn
t\mSv ths]m Imcyantbm, Imcyn hym]nncnp B
ImcWamWv D]mZm\w, Cu D]mZm\ ImcWamIs, Bcw`Iw,
]cnWman, hnhn Fp aqphn[nepv. Bcw`IImcW
n \npmIp Imcyn\p Bcw`Imcysapw ]cnWman
Imc W n\n p m Ip Imcy n\p ]cn Wm aIm cy sapw
hnhn ImcWn \npmIp Imcyn\p hnhIm
cysapw ]dbpp. Hcp ImcWnnpnambn Hcp Imcy
ap m Ipp Fp knmw Bcw ` hm Z am Wv . ]nXmhpw
]p{X\pw Xnep ImcyImcW_w AXn\v DZmlcWamWv.
ImcWw Imcycq]n ]cnWanpXmWv ]cnWmaw. AXn\p
ZrjvSmw ]mev ssXcmbn amdpp FpXmWv. ImcWcq]
n\p bmsXmcp amhpw kw`hnmsX Imcycq]n tXmp
Xn\p hnh sap ]dbpp. AXn\pZmlcWw cpkw,
ipnImcPXw, acpacoNnI apXembhbmWv. C{Xbpw sImv
cpapXembh hnhnImcWfpw, kw apXembh hn
h ImcyfpamsWp a\nembnmWpasm. hnhnIm
cWn \np `nambn kzX{amb Hcp k hnh Imcy
n\nmXn\memWp cp kn\pw ipnImcPXn\pw
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
82 AssZzXNnm]Xn
\mahpwcq]hpw am{Xtabppshpw ]ZmXzanspw Rm
apv ]dXv.
Pnmkp:: cpkw, ipnImcPXw apXembh cp,
ipnI apXembhbpsS hnh ImcyamsWpw Ah aqp
Imepw \ne\nevmXn\m AkmsWpw F\np a\
nembn. ]s AXpt]mse Cu kajvSn{]]w Akm
sWp hniz kn p hm F \np Ign bp n . Fp sIm s
m, Cu {]]w Ftmgpw \ne\nevpXmbnmWv A\p`
hsSpXv. AXn\m {]]w kmsWp Xs ]dtbn
bncnpp.
hmhv: Cu {]]w Fpw \ne\nevpp F tXm
shdpw {`aw sImpmIpXmWv. CXp ncambn \ne\nevp
nspXmWp kXyw. {]]w aqhIfn IqSnbmWv
\ap\p`hsSpXv. AXv Pm{KZhbpw kz]v\mhbpw
kpjp]vXyhbpamIpp. Pm{Kn A\p`hsSp {]]w
kz]v\kpjp]vXnIfn \inpp. AXpt]mse kz]v\kpjp]vXn
Ifn A\p`hsSp {]]w Pm{Knepw A\p`hsSpn.
Cs\ t\mp tm Hc h bn kXy sap tXmp
{]]w ap chIfnepw AkXyambn A\p`hsSpw. AXn
\m Ahm{Xb cq]ne\p`sSp {]]w apgph\pw Ak
msWp Xocpam\nmw.
Pnmkp: cp k hpw, ipn Im c P Xhpw cp hn
sbpw ipnbpsSbpw hnhambXpsImv Ah Akm
sWp \nbnmw. Fm Cu {]]w Hnsbpw hnh
a, CXv knZm\ kzcq]amb {_n\nv DmbXmbn
mWv {ipXnIfpw kvarXnIfpw DZvtLmjnpXv. AXn\m Imc
Wamb {_ttmse Imcyamb {]]hpw kmbncnW
atm. ImcyImcW kakIfmbncnWsapXv A\n
tjyamb Hcp imkv{XknmamWv. B ZrjvSnbn kmb
{_n\npmb Cu {]]hpw kmbncnWsap
Xs Xocpam\nmw.
hmhv : {]] Im cWw {_ am sW pXv {ipXn
kvarXnkXamb Hcp knmamWv. {_w kXyhpw m\hpw
A\hpw \nnImchpw ]cn]qhpamIpp.. As\bp
digitized by www.sreyas.in
83
{_ n\nv `n ambn Hcp {]] ns DXv ] n tbm,
B{_ ns {]] cq ] amb ]cn Wm atam {ipXnbv pw,
bpnpw A\p ` h n\pw tbmPn Hcp knm a , {_
ns ]qXbpw \nnImcXbpamWXn\p ImcWw. AXn\m
{_n \npw {]]w Dmbn Fp {ipXn kvarXnhm
Iyv, A\mZnbmb AhnZyamb\nanw B {_w {]]
ambn hnhnp F AamWpsXp a\nemWw.
{]]w {_ ns hnhw cp hn kw t]mse
{_n Iev]nXw BsWp kXnm {]]w Ak
msWp kXnWw. FpsImsm, hnhnImcWw
A[njvTm\hpw, hnhImcyw Btcm]nXhpamWv. A[njvTm\
n \np `n ambn Btcm ]n X h kv Xp hn\v aqp Im epw
kbnmXn\m AXv AkpXsbmsWp \nbn
mw. Imcyhpw ImcWhpw kakIfmbncnWsap \nbaw
Dev]nhmZnemsX hnh hmZn kwKXa. cphpw
cp khpw ka k I f sm. AXn \m {_ n
Am\m Iev]nXamb {]]w kzX{kbnmXn
\m AkpXsbmsWp a\nemWw.
Pnmkp: AhnSpcpfnsNbvXXv thZm imkv{Xkn
mamsWp tXmpp. ]t, AXv A\p`htKmNcambno
cpn. cpkzcq]t_m[apmIptm AXn Iev]ns
kw Fs t bv p ambn ad p t]m Ip p. AXp t]mse
{]]w {_n Iev]nXamsWn {_kzcq]mht_m[
apmIptm B {]]ns {]XoXnbpw Ap t]mtI
Xm Wv . Fm e s\ ImW s Sp n . {_ m \n I fmb
kymkn t{ijvTm t]mepw intjym]tZiw, `nmS\w, aT
m]\w, {KcN\ apXemb hym]mc \SpXmbn ImW
sSpp. AXpsImv DulntXv {_kzcq]w t_m[nmepw
{]] {]XoXn \in p n s p Xm W sm, AXn \m
{]]w cpkw t]mse Akspw, AXv {_m
\nIpw A\p`hsSpXn\m {_w t]mse kmsWpw
Xocpam\nmw.
hmhv: \nfpsS Cu Bi icnb. m\nIv {]]
{]XoXnbpXpsImp {]]w kmsWp hmZw Hcn
epw A\p`hn\p tNX. \maw am{XapXpw \mahpw
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
84 AssZzXNnm]Xn
cq]hpw am{XapXpw Fv Akp cp hn[apsp t\cs
{]Xn]mZnnpXmsWsm. Chbn \mahpw cq]hpw am{Xap
Xpw cphn[ne\p`hsSmdpv. Ahbnsemp ImcWs
Adnp Ignbptm {]XoXn \inpXpw asmp Imc
Ws Adnmepw {]XoXn \inmXpamWv. ImcWkzcq]w
A\p`hsSptm \inp Imcy cpkw ipnIm
c PXw apX em b hbpw Adn mepw \in m h Im\Pew
BImi\oena apXembhbpamIpp. {]]w cmasbn\
nsSpw, {_kzcq]w A\p`hsmepw {]mc_v[him
{]]`m\w Nne m\nIpw \ne\nevpw. ]t B A\p
`hnepw AXv AkmsWp Xs Ahdnbmw Im\en
Pew tXmnbmepw AXns hmkvXhw Adnbmhphv B
Pew aqp ImenepanmXmsWpXn\m teiw t]mepw
kwibapmhpIbnsm.
kmss{Xhnyw
Pnmkp: {]]hyhlmcn \maw am{Xap hym
]p{X,iihnjmWw apXembhbpw \mahpw cq]hpw am{Xapff
cpkw, ipnImcPXw apXembhbpw AkmsWp a\
nembn. AXpt]mse hymhlmcZrjvSnbn kXv]Zmfp
ant?
hmhv: Dv. \mahpw cq]hpw (BIrXnbpw) Ahpw
D ]Zmw kmWv. hkv{Xsa ]Zmw AXn\pZmlc
WamWv. hkv{Xsa\mahpw BIrXnbpw Ahpw AXn\p
tm. ]t hkv{Xw IpSw apXemb ]Zmv hymh
lmcnIk am{Xtabpp, ]camkbn.
Pnmkp: k]eXptm?
hmhp: k Ht Dp, Fnepw hymhlmc kuIcy
n\pthn imkv{Xn AXp aqmbn hn`Pnsnpv.
]mcamnIk, hymhlmcnIk, {]mXn`mknIk F
t]cnemWv AXp AdnbsSpXv. Hcnepw Hcp hn[nepw am
anmsX ]qambpw kzX{ambpw Fpw \nesImp kn
Zm\ kzcq]amb {_amWv ]mcamnI k.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
85
hyhlmcImep amanmsX \ne\nevpXmbn A\p`
hsSp ]ZmfpsS k hymhlmcnIsap ]dbs
Spp. LSw, ]Sw, aTw apXembhbpsS k AXn\pZmlcW
fmWv. {]XoXn Imepam{Xw DffsXp tXmp ]Zm
fpsS k {]mXn`mknIamIpp. cpkw. ipnImcPXw,
acpacoNnI apXembhbmWv AXn\p ZrjvSm. cp kw
apXembhbpsS {]mXn`mknIk XImcWfmb cp apX
embhbpsS A\p`hnepw, cp apXembhbpsS hymhlmcn
Ik, XImcWamb ]mcamnI {_kbpsS A\p`
hnepw Akmbnocpp. AXn\m {]mXn`mknIk
hymhlmcnIkbnepw, hymhlmcnIk ]mcamnIk
bnepw ASpXmbn A\p`hsSptm kIehn[nep
{]]hpw AkmsWp sXfnbpw.
Pnmkp: Pnmkphpw {imephpamb Hcp hynp
am{Xta {]]ns ImcWamb {_s Aht_m[nphm
IgnbpIbpp. As\bmsX km[mcW a\pjy\v Cu {]]w
AkmsWp Fs\ t_m[nphm Ignbpw?
AkXvImcyhmZhpw J\hpw
hmhv: {]]w Hcp ImcyamsWpw AsXns\tbm Hcp
ImepmbXmsWpw _lnapJ\mb `uXnIhmZnbpw hniz
knpptm. ImcyImcWcq]n NnnpsNptm B
`uXnI hmZnpw Cu {]]w AkmsWp t_mysSpw.
AsXns\sbv ImcyImcWZrjvSnbn Hcp IpSshv \apv
]cn tim [np t\mmw. Imcy sa Xv {]mK `m h {] Xn tbm Kn bm
sWp ss\mbnIm \nNnpp. Hcp ImcyapmIpXn\p
app B Imcyns A`mhn\mWsm {]mK`mhsap ]d
bpXv. an \np IpSapmIpXn\p apv B an IpS
ns A`mhapsmWv ss\mbnI knmw. {]mK`mhsa
Xn\v app A`mhw FmWsm hmNymw. apv F
Xn\p ImtcymXv]nbvvapv Fv Am Inpw. Cu {]mK
`mhw A\mZnbpw kmhpamWv. Fp shm BZnbnmXpw
\miapXpamsWp kmcw. IqSapmIpXn\p apv AXns
ImcWamb an B IpSns A`mhw (C) A\mZnImew
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
86 AssZzXNnm]Xn
apX \ne\nncpp ]s IpSapmb am{Xbn Xs B
A`mhw \inpw. AXpsImmWv Imcyn\v {]mK`mh {]Xn
tbmKnsbp eWw sImSpncnpXv. ss\mbnImcmIs
Imcy\nbX]qhn FmWv ImcWns eWw ]d
ncnpXv. Imcyn\v \nbXambn ]qn hnpXv
FmWv CXns kmam \ymw. Imcy ap m Ip Xn\p apv
n]vXambn \ne\nevpXmWv ImcWw. Imcyn\p cp t`Z
ImcWfpw Hcp At`ZImcWhpapsm. LSambImcyn\p
ZN{ImZnI klImcn ImcWhpw Ipih \nanImcW
hpamIpp. Cu klImcnImcWhpw \nanImcWhpw t`ZImcW
Fp ]dbsSpp. LSn\v av At`ZImcWamWv. D]m
Zm\ImcWsap ]dbpXpw CXpXsbmWv. GsXmcp Imc
WtmSp ths]SmsX ImcyapmIppthm AXv D]mZm\Im
cWamWv. BcpsS {]bXv\w sImmtWm D]mZm\ImcWn
\nv ImcyapmbXv B Imhv \nanImcWamIpp.Imtcym
ev]mZ\n\p Imhns hym]mcn\p ImcWkma
{KnIfpw apw klImcnImcWamWv. Imhns klImcnIm
cWw sImp hym]mcw \nanw D]mZm\ImcWn \npw
Imcy ap m Ip p. Fm B Imcyhpw D]m Zm \ Im c Whpw
Xn ths]SmXpsImmWv AXn\v At`ZImcWsapIqSn
Hcp t]cpmbXv.
ImcyamIs DXv]np appw \min\p ]npw Cs
p Xv \n b am Ip p. AXn \m AXv Ak m sWp
ImWmw.
Pnmkp : Imcyn\p DXv]n\mifpsnepw AXv
DXv]np ]npw \min\p appw DXmIbm ayIm
en kmIpp Fp ]dbmw. Imcyamb IpSw an \np
`namsWp ImWpXpsImv AXp kmsWp Fmhcpw
kXnpw.
hmhv: kmbnpXv `qX`hnjyZzam\fmIp
Ime{Xbnepw DXmbnsbncnWw. CmXv Dm
hpIbn; DXv CmXmhpIbpan. F \ymb{]Imcw apnepw
]nnepw CmXv ayImepam{Xw Fs\ kmIpw? ay
Imen kmIpsan ambncnptm IpSan. an
digitized by www.sreyas.in
87
Iw_p{Ko hXzmZn KpW knnXpsImv LSsa \maw
knnpw.Iw_p{KohXzmZnI KpWfmIpsamsX KpWn
bmhpIbn. B KpWfpw KpWnbmb anepmbn AXn
Xs hnpw. KpWn FhnsSbptm AhnsSs AXn\p
KpW hp ap sm. Iw_p {Ko h XzmZn KpW fp m Ip Xn\p
appw tKmfXzw Asn thtd KpWw B an\pv. am
Ip KpWn Xs KpWtmSp tNp Fp ImcWm
IpSw F ]Zm\maw AXns\s\ LSnpw. amIp
KpWnbpw AXnepmb Iw_p{KohXzmZn KpWfpw am{XamsX
LSsa i_vZn\w thsdbn. AXn\m ayImep
IpSansp \nbnmw. CXpsImv IpSsa Hcp hkvXp Hcp
Imepansp hyhm]nsp.
Pnmkp:As\bmsWn IpSsap BIrXnIqSn
A`mhw (Cmbva) BtIXtbm? Fm LSmIrXn ImW
sSp nXnbvv LSansv Fs\ \nbnmw.?
hmhv:BIrXn hkvXphmIpsan cphn tXmnb
kmIrXnbpw kmb hkvXphmtIXmWv. ]s A
s\bmIpsamcpw kXnbn.
Pnmkp: Bktm hrYm Xssbnepw CXp
cphmWv, FdnXn\ptijw kmIrXn ImWptXbn.
Fm IpSw As\b. amsX IpSansdnXn\p
tijhpw B IpSw tXmn sm t bn cn p p tm? AsX
mWv?
hmhv: {`mn (tXm) cphn[apsp t\ct
]d Xm sW sm. Ah bn sem v , Imc Ws Adn Xn \p
tijw Imcyw tXmmXncnp cpkmZnIfpw, asmp Imc
Ws AdnXn\ptijhpw Imcyw tXmnsmncnp arK
XrjvWmZnIfpamWv. LS`mhw arKXrjvWtbmSp XpeyamIbm
ImcWamb ap Xs Ftmgpw DsXpw Imcyamb LSw
CmsXpw Idnmepw LSns BIrXn (LS`mhw)
CmXmbntmIpn. Cu hI {`mnI (tXm) kXyhkvXp
f sp ]d bpp F msX {`mn I IqSn Cm Xm
sWp ]dbphm ]pdsnn. acphn tXmp Pew Pea
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
88 AssZzXNnm]Xn
sp ]dbphm\msX AXns tXm Csp ]dbphm
kmyasm?
Pnmkp: CmXp hcpn, DXp t]mIppan.
F \ymbm Imcyw CmXmsWp hcnInepw B Imcyw
Ccnpnsn CsmsX Ccpm DXpXs Fp
hccptXm?
hmhv : Imhv D]m Zm \ Im c Ws KpW hn `mKw
sNbvXp FmsX Cm hkvXphns\ DmpI FpXp
kmya. apsImpmnb IpSw ]ntbpw ambngn
m IpSw AkmImsXbncnpI FpXp ]pX.
an IpSw t]mse tXmnb BIrXn CmsX t]mbn F
msX IpSsa Hcp hkvXp Dmbncpnv CmsXbmbntmb
X.BIbm CmXv CmXpXs. DXp DXp Xs.
kXvImcyhmZhpw J\hpw
Pnmkp: CmXv DmhpIbn FXp kXyw Xs;
Fnepw Imcyamb LSw sa\bsSpXn\v (DmpXn\v)
apv ImcWhSnhmbncpp. Imcys kabv AXv shfnsSp
IbmWpmbsXp hnNmcncptXm?
hmhv:ImcysSptmgpw amsX IpSsa i_vZ
n\v AanmXn\mepw, ImcWamb anepw LSanm
Xn\mepw, LSsasmcp hkvXpXsbnsp \nwibw ]d
bmhpXmWv. A{Xam{Xa, LSsasmcp hkvXp Dsnem
Wsm AXp ImcWn CcnpXmbnsnepw ]dbm\mhq.
LSsasmcp hkvXp an\p shfnbnepXmbn Ftmsgnepw
Incppshn ImWm kabw AXp ImcWamb an
ASnbncpp F\pam\nmambncpp. Fm A{]Imcw
shfnbn Aev]hpw CmXncpXn\m LSw CspXs
]dbWw. C{Xbpw {]Xn]mZnXpsImv LSamIs aneSn
bncppan, shfnspan Fp Xocpam\nmw.
Pnmkp: apw IpShpw IqSn HcnSncnpp Fp Icp
XcptXm?
digitized by www.sreyas.in
89
hmhv : As\ Icp Xm ]mSn . Fs m, cp
hkvXp HcnSncnpIsbXv HpIbn. kzX{fmb
cp hkvXp HcnSncnpp Fp kXnm Ahbn
Hp asmns tatem, Iotgm, ]ntem Ccnpp Fp
IqSn kXnWw. apw IpShpw Dmbncppshn km
bncpp Fn IpSw ans FhnsSbncnpp? F tNmZy
n\pIqSn kam[m\w ]dbWw. FhnsSsbnepw Dmbncpp
Fp ]dm an\np thdnncntXmWv. As\
ImWsSmXn\m B hmZw icnb.
Pnmkp: IpShpw apw HcpanncnpXp \mw ImWp
psm
hmhv: B ImW shdpw {`aamWv. IpSs Hcp kzX
{ ] Zm am bn m Wp tm apw, ans\ Hcp kzX { ]
Zm am bn m Wp tm IpShpw ImW s Sp I bn . C\nbpw
Hn asmncnpXmbnm Ahbn Hp kXyhpw
atXv shdpw {`mnbpw Bbn cn p I tbbp p. cp hn
khpw Im\en Pehpw AXn\v DZmlcWamWsm. AXp
t]mse an IpSw shdpw tXmemsX AapXsp
a\nemWw.
Pnmkp: an Iw_p{KohXzmZn KpWfptm.
hmhv: Ahbpw shdpw tXmet{X. A{]ImcamsX Hcp
ansenepw Iw_p{KohXzmZnKpWfpXmbnnn.
Pnmkp: asmw Hnp tNp Iw_p{KohXzmZnKp
Wsf {]m]np Fp ]dbcptXm?
hmhv: As\ ]dbm ]mSn. asmw IqSn Hnp
mb [w Ahbntemtcmnepw sNdpXp sNdpXmbnsnepw
CcntXmWv. A{]ImcanmXn\m ta]d [
tfbpw av DZv]mZnnnnsp ImWmw. AXn\m Iw_p{Ko
hXzmZn[fpw IpSsat]mse anepmbnnsp a\n
emmw. CXphsc ]d\ymbfm ImcWw Hp Xs Ime
{X b nepw D sXpw, Imcyw A{] Im c an m sXpw
sXfnp Ignp. AXn\m Akmb Imcyw shdpw \maam
{Xhpw tXm am{Xhpw BbnpXmsWp a\nemmasm.
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
90 AssZzXNnm]Xn
C{Xbpw sImp ImcWamb av DXmsWpw Imcyamb LSw
CmXmsWpw \nbnsp
APmXhmZw
C\nbpw asmcp ZrjvSnbnqsS ImcyImcWkzcq]s
\apsmp ]cntim[np t\mmw. Hcp hkvXphpmIWsan
AXp apv CmXncnWw. Fp shmapv CmXncpnp
]noSpmIWw. AXmbXv apnmXncpnt DmhpIbpq
Fp kmcw. CmXncpp FXv `qXImetXpw Dmbn
FXv (DXv]n) ham\ImetXpamWv. DXv]n apX
\miw hscbpXn\p nXnsbmWv t]cv. nXnbpw \mihpw
Hnncnm ]mSn. A{]Imcw Xs {]mK`mhhpw nXnbpw
Hn n cn m ]mSn . AXp sImv Dev ] nbpw nXnbpw
\mihpw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw XsbmsWp sXfnbpp. Htc
Wn A`mhhpw `mhhpw Ccnbn. LtSmXv]n DXp
(kp) Xs Fn Dmbncp LSw Dev]amtbm? AYhm
CmXncp LSw Dev]amtbm F BibpmImw. Dm
bncp LSw Dev]ambn Fp ]dbpp Fn AXp icnb.
FpsImsm DmbncpXp ]nsbpw DmIm\nSbn.
As\ Dmbn Fp ]dbpXv AkwKXamWv.
C\nbpw Cm Xn cp LSw Dmbn Fp hmZn pp
Fn B hmZhpw km[ph. Fsm Cmbvabpw ({]mK
`mhw) DXv]nbpw thtdthtd ImetmSpIqSnbXmWv. Cmbva
`qXImetmSpw Dev]n ham\ImetmSpw IqSnbXmI
bm AXp cpw Htc W n HnncnpIbn. AXp
sImp LSw DXv]amImt\ AhImiansp sXfnbpp.
C\nbpw \mispdnp Nnnmw. Hcp hkvXp \in
Wsan AXns nXn Hcp Wnepw \miw asmcp
Wnepw BbncnWw, nXnbpw \mihpw Htc Wnem
bncnbnspXmWv AXn\p ImcWw. Hcp hkvXp \inp
tm nXn sNbv XXp \intm? AtXm Cm Xn cpXp
\intm? Fsmcp tNmZyw hcmw. nXn sNbvXXp Xs \inp
Fm bn cnmw AXn \p cw ]d tb n h cp Xv . ]t
nXnbpw \mihpw Htc WnencnmbvI sImv nXn
digitized by www.sreyas.in
91
sNbvX ]Zmn\p \inm\hImianspXmWp kXyw.
FpsImsm Hcp Wn nXnsNp ]Zmw
asmcp Wn Fs\ \inpw? Iminbn kvYnXnsNp
IpSw Xncph\]pcpshv \inpsXs\bmWv? AXp
sImv LSns \mint\ AhImiansp knnpp.
AXn \m Akp km hp Ibpw kv Ak m hp Ibpw
C. Fp \ymbw Xs ChnsSbpw AwKoIcnWw. Cs\
t\mptm Imcyns Dev]nnXn\miv Hcp hn[
nepw AhImiansp ImWmhpXmWv.
Pnmkp: AhnSps Xncphmbvsamgnbn \np Imcy
amb LSw AkmsWv hyambn. Fmepw ImcWamb
av kmsWwKoIcnsScptXm?
hmhp: ]mSn. Fsm, bmsXmp ImcWamIptam
AXp ImcysSpIXs thWw. hkv{Xn\v \q ImcWamsW
nepw ]nv B \q ImcyamWsm. AXpt]mse IpSn\p
av ImcWamsWphcnInepw B av kzImcWamb AWp
fpsS Imcyambn `hnpw. Imcysfmw AkmsWp knn
XpsImv B apw AkpXs Fp knnpw. AXp
sImmWv ap kmsWwKoIcnsSphm ]mSnsp ]d
Xv.
Pnmkp: Imcyambmepw icn, ImcWambmepw icn; Ccn
ptXsXmmtWm AXp kmsWp \nbnmsamWv
F\np tXmpXv.
hmhv: AXv AkmbnpXs CcntXmWv. Fp
sImsm , B CcnpXp ImcyamsWphcnIn Ime{X
bnepw Csp \nbnspt]mbn, ImcWamsWp hcn
In AXp ImcWambnp Xs CcnmsX thsdmn\p Imcy
sp Akmbnocpp. AXn\m Imcycq]ntem ImcW
cq]ntem, Ccnpp Fp shv Hcp ]Zmw kmsWp
hmZnpXp icnbsp a\nemWw.
Pnmkp: Ans\bmsWn ImcyImcW irwJ
em_wt]mse (Nent]mse) XpSv XpSv Ahkm
\anmXmbncnbnt?
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
92 AssZzXNnm]Xn
hmhv: C, As\bncnbn; AXp ImcyImcWn
eIsv AkmbntmIpw.
]camWp ImcWhmZhpw Xntj[hpw
Pnmkp: ]camWp \inmsX FtmgpancppsImv
(nXnsNbvXpsImv) Imcycq]ambn ]cnWanpw. ]noSv B
Imcyw \inv hopw AXv ImcWamb ]camWp Bbnocpw.
Cs\bmsX B ]camWphn\v ImcWambn thsd Hpan
Xs. AXn\m B ]camWp asmns Imcyambnocpn
sp knnpp.
hmhv : ap] d b s Imc W sfmw Imcy s p t]m
Ipp Fncns Cu ]camWpam{Xw ImcysSpIbn Fp
hmZn\v Aev]hpw \ymbw ImWpn.
Pnmkp: As\b; B ]camWp ImcWambns
bncnpw.
hmhv: Hcp ]camWp asmcp ]camWphnt\mSpw, AXp
thsdmcp ]camWphnt\mSpw tNp Imcysp almtI
XmWv. As\bmIptm BZysamcp ]camWp asmcp ]cam
Wphnt\mSp tNcWw. Atm Ahbnsemp asmns GsX
nepw Hcp hip tNncnWw. Atm _mn hi
(`mK) HgnpInSpw. Hcp amXfgw thsdmcp amXfg
tmSp Iqntm tN`mKsamgnp _mn`mK Hgn
p In S p Xv AXn\p {]Xy amb Zrjv Sm am W sm.
Cs\ t\mptm tN hkvXphn tNcm ehpw
IqSnnSbm aphiw ]nhiw tahiw Iogv hiw \Sphv
apXembh DmbncnWsapXp \nbamWv. B hi
AXns AhbhfmWv. AhbhtmSpIqSnbXv Hcnepw X\n
ImcWambncnbn. AXp Imcyambnt Ccnq. bZymhbhw
XXv Imcya\nXyw NF {]amWw AXn\p sXfnhmWv. AXn
\m ImcWambnncnpsXmw ImcyamIpsapXp Xo
bmWv. GXv F{]Imcancpmepw Hcp hkvXp ImcWambncnW
samsWn AXpam{Xw FpsImv ImcyamIbn? temtIm
Xv]nv Hcp ImcWw thWsamsWn AhnsS ImcWamb
AWp ncambnpXmbncpm am{Xta ChnsS temIw km
digitized by www.sreyas.in
93
IpIbpq. ImcyImcW Ahkm\anmsX s]mbvsmn
cnpIbmsWn Atm A\hmtZmjhpw hpIqSpw.
Pnmkp: Ahkm\n GXpamXncn AWphns\sb
nepw ImcWamn Iev]nv BbXp \inmsX \ne\np
sap ]dm A\hmtZmjw hcptam?
hmhv: As\ Iev]npXpw {]IrXn\p tbmPnp
Ibn. Fsm Hns Ahkm\w \nbnpsXns\
bmWv? B Ahkm\w asmns BZnbmbnpw hcnIbnt?
As\ BZnbpw Ahkm\hpw XpSp XpSpt]mbn A\h
bn sNp Ieminpw.
Pnmkp: t\{Xhnjbamb AWp AkmsWp k
Xnmw. Fm B t\{Xn\p hnjbamIm AXnkqva
amb AWp kt?
hmhv: As\ HpspffXn\v FmWp {]amWw?
AXp {]Xyasm.
Pnmkp: B AWp {]Xyasnepw A\pam\{]am
WmednbsSpasm.
hmhv : {]Xy amb kn s\ smv - tlXp hn
s\smv - A{]Xyamb kns\ (kmys) Duln
dnbpXmWv A\pam\{]amW eWw. \mw {]Xyamb [qa
spsImmWsm A{]Xyamb Anbps\pam\n
pXv. AhnsS [qahpw Anbpw kpXsbmWv. CXmWv
icnbmb A\pam\ ZrjvSmw. CXpt]mse ZmjvSmnIw icn
bmbnn. Fsm t\{Xhnjbamb AWp AkmsWp
\n bn s p t]m bn. Fm t\{X hn j b a m AWp
Ahiyw kmbncnWsamWp \nfpsS A`n{]mbw. ZrjvSm
n {]Xyamb [qaw kmbncnpXpt]mse ZmjvSm
nIn t\{Xhnjbamb AWphpw kmbncntXmWv.
As\bmXn\m ZrjvSmw B`mkambntmbn. (tlXzm
`mksasmcp tZmjamWnXv) Fm t\{Xhnjbamb AWp
kmbncpsn {]Xyamb Cu kns\sImv t\{X
hnjbam A{]Xyamb kqvamWphpw kmbncn
psav A\pam\nmambncpp. AXn\nhnsS kmyXbnsm.
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
94 AssZzXNnm]Xn
Pnmkp: [qas ]cntim[nptm AXp ambn
tmbm B [qaw AkmWv. As\ hcptm An km
sWsns\ A\pam\nm km[npw?
hmhv: A\pam\n kmb tlXphns\ sImpam
{Xta kmb kmys Dulndnbphm IgnbpIbpq Fp
Xv A\ntj[yamb Hcp \nbaamWv. ]t A\pam\{]amWw
AbYmsapw bYmsapw cp hIbpv. Ahbn
AbYmm\pam\m hkvXp knnpIbn. bYmm\p
am\m am{Xta hkvXp knnpIbpq. tlXphmb [qaw
bYmhpw [qaw t]mse tXmn sb nepw ]cn tim [ \ bn
ambntmIp tlXp AbYmhpamIpp. bYmY[qam
emsX AbYm[qam An knnbn. A{]Imcw
Akmb AWphn\m t\{XhnjbIam AWp knn
bnsp a\nemWw.
Pnmkp:temIn ]e ]e hkvXpfpw Imcysnv
]noSv ImcWamIpXmbn \mw ImWppv. Fm A
s\bmsX temIw HtmsS ImcysSpXmbn \mamIs \psS
]q m cm Is Inpw tIn p an . ImWpI FXp ico
ctmSp IqSntb km[nq. temIansn icochpan. AXn
\m temIns AkZv`mhs (Cmbvasb) icocnemsX
asmnencpp Ihsc Bscbpw \mw ImWppan. BIbm
temIw Fmbvtmgpw kpXsbmsWp Xocpam\nmw. A{X
am{Xa, temIw Imcya, ImcWw XsbmsWp IqSn Xocpam
\nm IgnbpIbnt?
hmhv: ImcysSm Hcp ImcWhpansv app Xocp
am \np Ign Xm Wv . F s\ sb m GXp ]Zms
t\mnbmepw Hns Iqw, ]eXns Iqw Fv cphIbn
DshbmsX Fpw Hcp hkvXphpan. LSw Hns Iq
amWv. Fm ans kaqlamsX Hcp Imepw LSw Fsm
n. B apw Hns kaqlamb AWphns\IqSmsX Dm
hpIbn. ]eXns Iqhpw C{]Imcw Xs. Hmtcm ]Zm
tbpw C{]Imcw ]cntim[npXmbm Akmbnp ]cn
Wanpw hkv{Xw \qembpw, \qep ]nbmbpw ]n AWp
hmbpw, AWp Am\ambpw Akmbpw Xocpp FXp
digitized by www.sreyas.in
95
]cntim[np t\mnbmednbmhpXmWsm. AXpt]mse Cu
kajv SntemIhpw C{]Imcap t\mm AkmsWp
kv]jvSamIpw. Hv ]eXv ChbpsS IqamIs ImcWambnqSn
\nnv shtsdbmbntmp Ahkcn Imcysap ]d
bpw. apv AWphns\ ]q]sSpndXp t\mpI.
CXpsImv temIw Imcya; ImcWw Xs F \nfpsS
hmZw bpntm A\p`hnt\m tNXsp kv ]jv Sam
Ipp.
Pnmkp: temIw ImcysSpXp Ihcpw tIhcpan.
AXpsImv temIw \nXyw XsbmWv.
hmhv: temIw kmbnv \nXytam? AtXm Akm
bnp \nXytam?kmbnp \nXysan AXv Hcphn[nepw icn
b. Fsm kv Fpw \nXywXsbmWsm. Akm
bnp \nXyamsWn Akns\ \nXysap ]dm Hcp
^ehpan. Akmb iiirwKs \nXysap ]dbpw t]mse
XsbmWXv. temIw Hcp Imepw CmXmIbm Imcysa
mIs ImcWsamIs Hpw ]dbX.
Pnmkp: CXphscbpw ]dpt]mXpsImv temIw
AkmsWp hmepw Cu temIneIsp kpJZp:Jsf
A\p`hnpXv {]Xyambnp ImWpphsm. ]ns Ak
sp ]dbpsXs\? Akns CmXns A\p
`hapmIptam?
hmhv : kpJZp:J f \p ` hn p Xm cmWv ? \mwX s.
\mamcv? a\pjy. a\pjy Imcytam, ImcWtam? Imcyw Ak
msWp app sXfnbnnpv. ]ns, ImcWamb icocmhb
hamIs, Ahbvv ImcWamb amwkw, cw, An apXemb
hsb At]nv Imcysv AkmIpw. Cs\ Hmtcmpw
C{nb, {]mW, a\v, _pn, Nnw, Almcw apX
emb Pothm]m[nIsfmw AkmIptm kpJZp:Jfpw
AhtbmSp tNcpw. AkmIpsap kmcw. Atm B kpJ
ZpxJfpsS A\p ` h fpw Cm h bm Ipw. B \nebn
kpJZpxJsf A\p`hnpXv {]Xyambnp ImWpXn
\m Akp Fp ]d bp sX s\ bmWv ? F tNmZy
nt\ {]knbnsp hcpw.
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
96 AssZzXNnm]Xn
Pnmkp: IjvSw!CsXsmcp *hmbv]SancmWv? kwi
b\nhrn hcppansm.
hmhv: kz]v\w apgph\pw CmXmWsm, B kz]v\
n {]Xyambnncp kpJZp:Jfpw AhbpsS Imc
Wamb kz]v\PKpw Cmh Xssbp \nbnntbm?
AXp t]mse Cu temItbpw CXnep kpJZp:Jtfbpw
FpsImv Aksp ]dpIqSm?
Pnmkp: Cu temI tbpw CXn ep kpJZp:J
tfbpw Ftmgpw AdnbppspXn\m CsXmw Akm
sWp ]dbphm ss[cyw hcpn.
hmhv : \n temI tbpw AXn \np m Ip
kpJZp:Jtfbpw thXpt]mse Adnbpn. Adnsn
AsXmw Aksp ]dbpambncpp. Fs\sbm Hcp
hkv Xphns\ AdnbWsaph AXn\nv thdmbn\nv
AdntbXmWv. IpSns kzcq]adnbph AXn\np
thdnp \nevph\msWsm. AXpt]mse tZl{Xbtbpw
AXnse kpJZpxJmZnhnImctfbpw Adnbph Ahbn
\np `n\pw AhbpsS {ZjvSmhpamsWp a\nemWw.
LS{ZjvSm LSmZv `nx
ktXm \ LtSm bYm
tZl{ZjvSm XYm tZtlm
\mlanXyh[ocb.
(IpStmWph IpSn\np thsdbmWv. Abm
IpS a . AXp t]mse tZl s m Wp Rm tZl tmSp
ths]h\mWv. tZla;Fp [cnWw.ImWph ImWs
Sp hnj b fn\nv `n \m sW p Xv A\p ` h n\pw
bpnpw tN Hcp knmamWv)
F {]amWw apIfn ]dXn\p sXfnhmWv. kIe
tbpw C{]ImcamWv AdntbXv. temIs AdnbWsap
h\pw temIs hnp thsd \ndnbWw.
Pnmkp: As\ Idnh Hcpcpan. ImWp
hscmw kajvSnbmb temIns Hcwiamb hyjvSnicocw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
97
sImdnbptXbpq. B nXnbvv temIthnv thsd\n
dnXmbnss\ hIshbvmw?
hmhv:AkXyamb kz]v\PKn B PKns Hcw
iamb AkXyicocwsImv B PKns\ AhnsSmWptm
AXp kXyambntmnbmepw, B PKns\bpw B PKns
Awiamb icoctbpw hnp {]tXyIancnp Cu Pm{KK
n B kz]v\PKv ImWmsX AkXyambntmIpntbm?
AXpt]mse AkXyamb Cu Pm{KKn Cu PKns
Hcwiamb AkXyicocw sImv Cu PKns\ ChnsSmWp
tm CXp kXyambntXmnbmepw Cu PKnt\bpw Cu PK
ns Awiamb icoctbpw hnv AJambncnp ]c
Pm{Kn Xpcymhbn Cu PKp \inv AkXyambn
tmIpXmWv.
Pnmkp: Cu PK n s\ m Wp Imev CsXmw
kXyamsWsm.
hmhv: Hcnepa. Fs\sbm kz]v\mhbn
kz]v\PKns\ kXyambnmepw B ImWp kabpw
B kz]v\PKv Fs\ anYy (Akv) Btbm, As\ Cu
PKnt\bpw Cu PKns Hcwiamb icocw sImp ImWp
tm kXy sap tXmn bmepw B Ah k c nepw CXp
anYy(Akv) Xssbv FpsImp \nbnp IqSm? CXn
\m Hcp hkvXphns\ bYmambn AdnbWsan AXn
\np thdmbnp \ndnbWw. As\bmsX AXmbncpdn
m kXyambnpw AkXyambnpw ImWpw. Ipw ImWs
Sp hnjbhpw Xnep tNbn\npmIp A\p`hw
CXn\p sXfnhmWv. Fm Hcp hkvXp ktm Aktm Fv
Bcmbptm B hkvXphns Hcp `mKw asmcp `mKtmSp
tNcpXmbnp Fpshv kmsWp \nbnpXv Hcp
hn[ nepw icn bm bn p X . As\ \n bn pI Fp
hm acpacoNnIm{]hmlns AeIfpw Hp asmnt\mSp
tNp ImWpXpsImv AXnt\bpw kmsWp \nbn
msap hcpw. AXp icnb. AXpt]mse temIns Hcp
`mKw asmcp `mKtmSp tNcpXmbnp Fpshv m\n
I temIs kmsWp ]dbpIbn.
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
98 AssZzXNnm]Xn
Pnmkp: LSw AkmsWp kXnmw. ]t B
LStbpmnb \nanImcWambIpiht\bpw klImcn
Im c W amb Z N {I tfbpw {]Xy n F s\ bmWv
AkXysap ]dbpXv?
hmhv :Ipi h t\bpw Z N {Im Zn I tfbpw Imcy Im cW
]ambn t\mWw. Atm Ahsbmw ImcWcq]fmbn
amdn AkXyambns IeminpXmbn ImWmw. kz]v\n
Ipih, ZN{Isf sImp LSmZnIsf \nnXmbn
mepw, B Ipih\pw ZN{ImZnIfpw LSmZnIfpw Ahbvv
D]mZm\ImcWamb PKpw AkXyamIpXpt]mse, Cu Pm{K
n ImWsSp Ipih\pw ZN{ImZnbpw AhsImpm
p LSmZnIfpw Ahbvv D]mZm\ImcWamb Cu PKpw
AkXyamsWp sXfnbpw.
Pnmkp: kz]v\{]]w kz]v\n kXyambnmWv
A\p`hsSpXv. AXv AkmsWdnbpXv AXns A\p
`hanm Pm{KXvImenemWv. B Adnhns\ shpsImm
Wsm A\p`hImepw B kz]v\ {]]w AkmsWp
Pm{KXn Xocpam\npXv. AXpt]mse Cu Pm{KXv {]]w
A\p`hImep kXyambnmWv tXmpXv. Fm Cu Pm{K
ns A\p`hanm kz]v\ntem kpjp]vXnbntem CXv
Ak m sWp Xocp am \n s Sp p an . AXn \m (Pm{K
ntem kz]v\ntem kpjp]vXnbntem Cu Pm{KXv {]]w
AkmsWp \nbnsSmXn\m) kz]v\sat]mse
Cu Pm{KXv {]]w Aksp ]dbpXp icnb. kv
XsbmWv.
PKpw PKmnbpw
hmhv: Hcp hkvXphns\ AdnbWsaph AXn
\np thdmbn \ndntbXmWv. Fp Rm apt ]dnp
tm. {]]amIs Pm{KXv, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn Cu aqp
\nebnemWv AdnbsSpXv. Ahbn Hns A\p`hap
tm aphbpsS A\p`han. AXn\m Pm{KmZmZn aqh
Ip ]c kv ] c a dn bp hm Ign hn sp knn p p.
Fm Ah aqpw AdnbsSpppXm\pw. AXn\m Pm{KXv
digitized by www.sreyas.in
99
{]]tbpw kz]v\{]]tbpw kpjp]vXn{]]tbpw
Adnbp Hcp kmnbpspw B kmn kmyamb {]]
n \np hneW\msWpw Xocpam\nmw. B kmn
bmWp kz]v\{]]s {]IminnXpw, AXns kvacW
Pm{KnepfhmnbXpw. As\ Ambncppshn kz]v\
{]]spdnv Pm{KXv{]]n\dnhpmhpIbnmbncpp.
Hmtcm {]]hpw {Xn]pSn cq]nemWsm \ne\nevpXv.
mXmhv, m\w, PvtRbw Ch aqpw tNXmWp {Xn]pSn.
Pm{Knse mXmhpw kz]v\nse mXmhpw kpjp]vXn
bnse mXmhpw H, aqmWv. Ah AXmXhbnse
PvtRbs am{Xta AdnbpIbpq. BIbm B mXm
v At\ym\yw Adnbphms\mpIbn. AXpsImmWp
aq h I fp a dn bp Hcp kmn bp sv A\p ` h _ew
sImp Xocpam\nXv. kz]v\{]]n\nv `n\mb kmn
B kz]v\ {]]hpw AkmsWv AdnXpt]mse, Cu
Pm{KXv{]]n\np `n\mb kmnv Pm{KXv{]]
tbpw Ak s dn bp hm Ign bpw. B kmn `m h amWv
Xpcyw. kz]v\{]]w Pm{KZhbn AkmsWp sXfn
Xpt]mse Xpcy`mhn DWcp Hcp m\nbvv kz]v\
kpjv]vXnI am{Xa, Cu Pm{Kpt]mepw AkmsW\p
`hsSpw. B A\p`h_ew shpsImp t\mptm m\n
Ip hyjvSncq]nepw kajvSncq]nepw A\p`hs Fm
{]]hpw Akmbnp \nbnm Ignbpw.
Pnmkp: Pm{Kn kz]v\{]]ns A\p`hw
Aev]wt]mepanmXpsImmWsm AXv AkmsWp
Xocpam\nXv. AXpt]mse {]]m\p`hw teiw t]mepanm
Hcp `mhnsemsX Cu {]]w AkmsWp \nbn
phm Ignbptam? As\ {]]`m\anm HchbmtWm
Xpcnbw? ]t AXv Bpw A\p`hsSpnsm. AXn\m
{]]w kspXs Xocpam\npIbt thXv?
Ahm{Xbhpw Xpcobhpw
hmhv : \nfpsS Bi icnb. Xpcobw A\p`hcq]
n aqp Imepapv. aqp Imenepw Hcp t]mse \ne
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
100 AssZzXNnm]Xn
\nevm ]ZmtbmWtm imkv{X Aksp
hyhtZnncnpXv. Ahm{Xb cq]n {]]w Ftmgpw
A\p`hsSpp Fm kqva \ocoWn B Ah
I ]c kv ]cw _m[n s Sp Xn \m Ak sp \n
bnmw. ]t B aqhIfptSbpw A\p`hanm Hch
bpsS A\p`hapsnte {]]w apgph AkmsWp
\nbnsSphm IgnbpIbpq Fmbncnmw \nfpsS
hmZw. As\sbmchbpv; AXmWv Xpcobw. Xpcobw F
]Z n\v \mem atXv Fm Ww. Pm{K v , kz]v \w,
kpjp]v Xn Cu aq h Isf At] n mWv \mem a tXv
Xpcobw -F \maw hp tNcpXv. Pm{KZmZn aqhIfpw
Dmbn \ne\np hnebnpXv bmsXmcnSmtWm AXmWp
{]m\kzcq]amb Xpcobw. Ahm{Xbcqt]W {]Xn`mkn
p, PKn\[njvTm\ambpw kmnbmbpw hnp, IqS
{_ssNX\ytbmWv D]\njpI Xpcobsap ]d
bpXv. Cu Xpcobw Pm{K{Zq]amb qeicocs Xms\`n
am\np _lnx{]\mb hnizt\m kz]v\cq]ambkqva
icocs Xms\`nam\np Ax{]\mb ssXPkt\m,
kpjp ]v Xn cq ] amb ImcWico cs Xms\ `n am \n p
{]m \ L \ \mb {]mt\m A, ]n tbm, AZr jv Shpw
Ahyhlmchpw, A{Kmlyhpw, AeWhpw, ANnyhpw, Ahy
]tZiyhpw, GIm{]Xybkmchpw, {]]tm]iahpw, imhpw,
inh hpw, AssZz X hp amWv B Xpco bw. CXn t\ s bmWv
BmshdntbXpw. Fp Xpcobs (NXpw) amq
tIym]\njn hnhcnncnpp. Xpcob cq]n hn
p Cu Bmhns\ IpsImp ImWphm kmyasv
AZrjvS]ZwsImpw, _pnp{Klnphm kmyasv A{Km
ly]ZwsImpw ANny]ZwsImpw, eWwsImp \
Nnm kmyasv AeW]Zw sImpw apw D]\njp
{]tXyIsaSpp ]dbppv. Xpcobn {]]`m\anspw
t`Zanspw {]]tm]iaw, AssZzXw F cp ]Z
sImv D]\njp kqNnnppv. imw, inhw, F cp
]Z Xpcob`mhns \nnImcXtbbpw B\kzcq]t
bpamWv NqnmWnpXv. Cs\bp eW hgn
Xpcobw kpw Nnpw B\hpw AJhpw ]qhpamb
{_amsWpw cphn kwt]mse B {_n Am
digitized by www.sreyas.in
101
\m {]]w {]Xn`mknbmsWpw D]\njv D]tZin
pXmbn a\nemWw, Cu Xpcobmh A\p`hanm
XmsWp \nfpsS hmZhpw icnb. Fmnt\bpw {]Imin
n p Xpw X\nsb {]Im in p Xp amWv Xpco b cq ] amb
Bmhv . CXv A\p ` hn s Sp n Fp Xp icn bm Wv .
Fm Ftmgpw Rms\ A\p`hhSnhn CXp hnfppv.
DWnepw In\mhnepw Ddnepw Hcp amhpanmsX kmam
\yt_m[kzcq]n {]IminpXmWv Bmhv. AhnZybpw
AxIcWhpw AXns hrnIfpw C{nbfpw _mlyhnj
bfpw Cu B{]IminemWp {]Xn`mknpXv. AXn
\m Xpcobcq]n D]tZinsSp Bmhv kpXs
bmsWp a\nemWw.
Pnmkp: Bmhv kpw, Nnpw B\hpamsWn
AXv Fmhpw A\p`hsSmXv FpsImmWv?
hmhv: A\p`hkzcq]amWv Bmhv. Fmnt\bpw A\p
` h s Sp p I {]Im in n p I Fp XmWv Bm hns
kz`mhw. AsXs\ A\p`hsSpw, A\p`hn\p hnjbamIpw?
Hcphn[nepw Hcnepw hnjbamIpIbn. Xn Ievn
s hnjbfnsemw k{Zq]nepw Nn{Zq]nepw B\cq
]nepw Bmhp {]Iminppv. ]s Am\w \nanw
Bmhns knXv kpJ`mhs hnkvacnv Am\m
Iev ]n X amb \ma cq ] tf am{Xw ImWp Xp sIm mWv B
Bm \p `qXn Fm hp ap m Im Xv . Am\w \in p
tm \macq] amdn k{X knXv kpJcq]amb {_w
{]Iminpw.
kam[nbpw {_m\p`hhpw
Pnmkp: Cu PohnXn Hcp a\pjy\v As\bp
{_m\p`hapmIptam?
hmhv: Xobmbpw Dmhpw. B AhbmWp kam[n.
Pnmkp: kam[nbn {]]w Aev]w t]mepw {]Imin
pnsmtWm AhnSpv ]dbpXv?
hmhv : AtX. kam [n Z i bn {]] `m\w Aev ]w
t]mepan.
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
102 AssZzXNnm]Xn
kam[nbpw kpjp]vXnbpw
Pnmkp: kpjp]vXnbnepw {]]`m\ansm. AXn
\m kpjp]vXnbpw kam[nbpw XnsemWv hyXymkw?
hmhv: kpjp]vXnbn {]]nse qehnjb
{]Im in p n s nepw {]] ns _oP `q X amb AhnZy
AhnsS A\p`hsSppv. B AhnZybpsS ]cnWmaamWv kI
ekqvaqe {]]hnjbfpw. B hnjbsfmw kzIm
cWamb AhnZybn ebnp AhbmWv kpjp]vXn. AXn\p
{]fbsapIqSn Hcp t]cpv. AXn\m {]]w ImcWcq]n
Am\cq]n kpjp]vXnbnepsv Xocpam\nmw.
Cu kpjp]vXnbn\npWphcp a\pjy, Rm\nXphsc
Hp a dn bmsX Ddn Ftmm dp sm. B Hmbv p
ImcWw kpjp]vXn Imense A\p`hamWv. A\p`hanm
Hns\pdnv kvacnphm Bpw kmyasm. Rm Hp
adnbmsX kpJambn Ddn F kvacWbn Rm Hpadn
bmbvI, kpJw Fp aqp hnjbfpv. Chbn AdnbmbvI
FXmWv Am\w (AhnZy). Bmhns\ B{ibnncnp
BAhnZy XsbmWv {]]ns D]mZm\ImcWsap thZm
imkv{Xw DZvtLmjnpp, AXn\m ImcW{]]sapIqSn
AhnZybvp t]cp ]dbmhpXmsWsm. Cu ZrjvSnbn, kpjp
]vXnbn {]]m\p`hapv. Csp \nfpsS hmZw icn
b. Fm kam[nbn qe{]]nttbm kqva{]]
nstbm ImcW{]]nstbm hnfan. AhnsS {_
kzcq]w am{XamWv ]cn]qambn {]IminpXv. Cu hnhc
Ww sImp kam [nbpw kpjp ]v Xnbpw Xn ep hyXymkw
hy ambnmWpasm.
Pnmkp: kpjp]vXnbpw kam[nbpw Xnep hyXymkw
a\nembn. ]t kam[nbn {]]ns {]Imiansp
Xp k Xn p hm \nhr n bn . A I c W hr n bpsS
BmImcamb ]cnWmasbmsWsm kam[nsbv thZmn
I hyh l cn p Xv . AhnsS Bm Im c ambn ]cn W an
AxIcWhrnbpw Bkzcq]hpw {]Iminppsv B
\nN\n\npw a\nemmw. AxIcWhrn, A]o
IrX]`qXmmIamb kqv a{]]ns HcwiamWsm.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
103
AXn\m kam[nbnepw {]]ns kqvamwiw {]Iminp
psp hcpp. Cu ZrjvSnbn kam[n {]]`m\anm
HchbmsWp ]dbpXp icnbmtWm?
hmhv: kam[nhnjbIamb A\p`hanmXpsImmWv
\nns\ tXmpXv. A:IcWhrnbpsS Bm
Im c amb ]cn Wm a amWv kam[n Fp \n k Xn p p
sm. hnjb Fs\bncnptam B hn[w {]IminpI
FpXmWv AxIcWhrnbpsS kz`mhw. LSm\p`hn
AxIcWw LScq]nemWv {]IminpXv. AhnsS LShpw
AxIcWhpw cmbn {]Iminpn. An Ccpnt\mtSm
hndInt\mtSm atm tNncnptm AhbpsS BIrXnbnem
Wtm {]IminpXv. Ahsb Atm cmbn thXncnp
hm kmya. AXpt]mse AxIcWhrnbpw hnjbfpw
A\p`hImev Htc hSnhn {]Iminpw. Ah cmbn A\p
`hsSpIbn. A{]Imcw BmImcamb at\mhrn A\p`h
Imev BhSnhn am{Xta {]IminpIbpq. ]cnn]c
am Wp hmb AxIc W n\p AWp cq] ambpw al {Zq]
({_cq]) ambpw ]cnWanm IgnbpsapXmWp thZm
imkv{X knmw. AXn\m kam[nbn {]]w IqsS {]Im
inpp F hmZw A\p`hhncpamsWp a\nemWw.
C\nbpw kam[nbn Bmhnt\mSp tNp kqva {]]mw
iamb AxIcWhrnqSn {]Iminpp F hmZsp
dnpIqSn Aev]w Nnnmw.
kam[nt`Zw
khn I ev ] k am [nsb kw_ n n S tmfw \n fpsS
Bi Ipdp icn bm Wv . Kpcp ap Jp \nv XXz aknalm
hmIyw {ihnv Alw {_mkvan (Rm {_amIpp) Fp
\nccw [ym\np apapphn\v {_mImcat\mhrnbpm
p AhbmWv khnIev]kam[n. Cu kam[nbn Rm
[ymXmhpw, {_wt[ybhpw BIpp F`mh\ [ym\hp
amWv. BIbm {Xn]pSnbpsp ImWmw.Alw {_mkvan
F i_vZs B{ibnp Cu kam[np i_vZm\phn
khnIev]kam[nsbpIqSn Hcp t]cpv. Cu kam[nbpsS ]cn
] Iz X bn Alw {_mkv an Fp alm hm Iy ns
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
104 AssZzXNnm]Xn
Aw NnnmsX Xs Nnhrn {_mImcambn ]cnW
an pw. Cu Ah bv v i_v Zm \\phn k hn I ev ] k am[n
FmWp \maIcWw sNsncnpXv. Cu cp kam[nbnepw
{Xn]pSnbpv. Fmepw hnthInI LSicmhmZnIsf armbn
AdnbpXpt]mse B {Xn]pSnsb GIamb {_ambn B kam
[nIfnepw Adnbppv. Cu khnIev]kam[nbpsS A`ymk_
ewsImv, [ym\nph, [ym\n Cu chItfbpw
Dt]nv Nnw t[ybamb knpJ{_ns hSnhn
am{Xw {]Iminpw. B A\p`qXnsImpXs AhnZym\mihpw
{_mssIy\nbhpw knnpXmWv. As\ knn
m\nv {Xn]pSn t]mepw {_kzcq]ambnt A\p`hsSpI
bpq.Fm \nnIev]kam[nbn {Xn]pSnbn. khnIev]
kam[nsImp {_hnmbno m\n at\m\mihpw
hmk\mbhpw hcpn Pohapn kpJn\pthn ]cn{ian
mdpv. AXn\p D]mbw \nnIev]kam[nbmWv. khnIev]
kam[nbpsS ]IzXbn \nnIev]kam[nbpmIpw. Cu \nn
Iev]kam[nbn {]]`m\w Hpw Xs DmhpIbn. {_
kzcq]w am{XamWv Cu kam[nbn {]IminpXv. \nnIev]
kam[nbn\np hypm\hbntebvp hcp m\nbvv
Ahm{Xbcq]ep {]]w AkmsW\p`hsSpw.
CXphsc Xm kamlnX\mbncpp Fpw Atm Hcp hn[
n ep {]] m h bpw A\p ` h s SmsX AJ hpw
A\nh N \o b hp amb kn Zm \ `m h n s bmWv Xm
hnncpXv. Fpw, kvacWbn hcnIbpw, AtXmsSmw
Ctmgpw Xm B {_kzcq]amWv , Fp {]Xy`nm
\apmIpIbpw sNpw. AXn\m Pm{KZv `mhn kz]v\{]
]w \inpIbpw AXv AkmsWp t_m[nsSpIbpw
sNbvXXpt]mse \nnIev]kam[nbn Pm{KXv kz]v\kpjp
]vXncq]nep {]]w apgph \inpIbpw B A\p`h_
em hypm\Zibn {]]w C{nbp hnjbam
bmt]mepw AkmsWp \nbnsSphm IgnbpIbpw
sNpw.
Pnmkp: \nn I ev ] k am[n AssZz Xm `m h \m cq ]
amWv. AXn `mh\bpXn\m AxIcWhrn {Xn]pSn
digitized by www.sreyas.in
105
bpapv. AXpsImv B Ahbn {]]hpw {_hpw {]Im
inpp Fqlnmw.
hmhv: AssZzX{_mImcamb AxIcWhrntbmSp
Iq Snb kam [n bmWv AssZz X `m h \m cq ] \nn I ev ] k am [n
sbp ]dbsSpXv AXn AXnkqvaamb AxIcWhr
nbpsnepw Atm AXv A\p`hsSpIbn. ]t B
kam[n apJya. AssZzX{_mhm\cq]amb \nnIev]k
am[nbmWv apJyw. AssZzX {_`mh\mcq]amb \nhnIev]k
am[nbpsS A`ymk_ew sImv B Ahbn AxIcW
hrn \inpw. Atm AxIcWhrn clnXamb AssZz
X{_mhm\cq]\nnIev]kam[n {]Iminpw. ]gp Ccp
p I j W n Pe _np hoWp \in p Xp t]mse
AssZzX{_mhm\cq]\nnIev]kam[nbn AxIcW
hrn B {_n ebnpp. Atm Bmhv AxIc
WhrntbmSpIqSmsX AJambpw knZm\ kzcq]{_
ambpw {]Iminpw. Cu \nebmWp apJyamb kam[n. {_`mh
\mcq]\nnIev]kam[n km[\bpw {_mhm\cq]\nhn
Iev]kam[n B km[\bpsS ^ehpamWv. AXpsImmWXp
apJysap \nbnsncnpXv. AXpt]mse i_vZm\phn
khnIev]kam[n km[\bpw i_vZm\\phnkhnIev]kam[n
AXns ^ehpamIpp. A{]Imcw khnIev]kam[n km[\bpw
\nnI]kam[n^ehpamsWpIqSn AdnbWw. Cs\ Xz
akymZnalmhmIy {ihnv [ym\m`ym k]mShm khn
I]kam[n ]IzambXn\ptijw \nnI]kam[n Ddbvp
tm {]] `m\w \nt j av ]q amb {_ kz cq ] ambn
m\n {]Iminpw. B A\p`qXn knn ]pcpj\v `qX`hn
jyZzam\Imefnepw {]]w Dmbnpan, DmIpIbp
an, DmIppan. kw JeznZw {_ CuimhmkyanZw
kw Fp XpS nb D] \n jZzmIy A s\ bp
m\nIfpsS A\p`qXnsbbmWv hnfw_cw sNpXv.
Pnmkp: kw JeznZw {_Cuim hm ky anZw
kw Fo a{fn CZw (CXv) F i_vZw sImp
{]]sbmWsm IpdnpXv. {]XyambnmWp Hn
s\bmWsmCZwi_vZw sImv \ntinpXv. AXn\m
{]Xy knamb {]]s {_kzcq]ambn [ym\nW
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
106 AssZzXNnm]Xn
sa p D] tZ i amWv Bhm Iy fn ep sXp Xocp am \n
cptXm? kmf{Kmas hnjvWphmbn D]mknpXpt]mse {]]
s {_ambn D]mknpXv ssZzX`mhnencppsIm
mWv. Cu ZrjvSnbn t\mnbm {_m\nIfpw {]]
ns ksb kXnpp Fp ImWmw.
hmhv: thZmimkv{Xclkyw AdnbmXp sImmWv
\nns\ hnIev]apmIpXv. Da\mb BNmcys
A\p{Klhpw klmbhpw IqSmsX thZmimkv{Xw X\ntb ]Tn
nphsmw CXpt]mse ktlfpmhpI ]XnhmWv.
Ahv D]\nj{XfpsS hmNymw am{Xw {Klnphmt\
IgnbpIbpq. ]mnXym`nam\w IqSpI\nanw Hcp kZvKpcp
hns\ D] k Znv {ih Wm Zn IsImp {_ X zm h [m cWw
sNphm\p B{KlapmhpIbn. As\bphv , k
_\miIamb thmZmimkv{X]mnXyw _Icambnt
Iem in p I bp f fq. AXp sIm p Xs bmWv Ak { Zm b
hnXvkimkv{XhnZ]n aqJhZpt]Wobx [Kpcp injy ]mc
cy{Ian \ne\nevp thZmimkv{Xclkyw a\nem
nbnnm a\pjy Fm imkv{Xfpw Adnbph\msW
n t]mepw ({_m\anmXn\m) aqVs\tmse apap
pfm Dt]nstSh\mWv.] Fp {ioic`KhZv]m
Z KoXm`mjyn {]kvXmhnpt]mbXv. CXs\ \nevs.
\apv {]IrXntebvp ISmw.
Aymtcm]m]hmZfpw PKanYymXzhpw
kw JeznZw {_, CuimhmkyanZw kw Ch {]]
s {_ambn [ym\nWsav D]tZinp a{fmsW
p \nfpsS A`n{]mbw Hcp hn[nepw km[ph. Fs
m {]]hpw {_hpw cmsWp kqN\ B hmIy
fn Aev]w t]mepan. apv, {]Xyknambncp {]]w
kXysaspw AXp {_kzcq]amsWpw shfnsSppI
bmWv {]kvXpX hmIy hgn EjnI sNbvXnpXv. Aym
tcm]w, A]hmZw Fp cp {]{InbI hgnbmWv EjnI
{]]kZv`mhs \ntj[nv B {]]ns A[njvTm\
amb {_kzcq]s shfnsSppXv. Hcp hkvXphn AXn
tXm [ Btcm]npXmWv Aymtcm]w. AXn\p
digitized by www.sreyas.in
107
ImcWw Am\amWv. cphn khpw, ipnbn cP
Xhpw Btcm]npXv Am\wsImmWsm. AXpt]mse
A\mZnbmb AhnZy\nanw knZm\kzcq]amb {_n
{]]s InpXv Aymtcm]amIpp. A[njvTm\amb
{_ns t_m[apmImnStmfw Imew AXn Btcm
]nXamb {]]w kXyambnt Poh\p hnizknphm \nhr
nbpq. Cu Aymtcm]hpw Poh\pw Pohs hnizmkhpw
Chbv mw ImcW`qXamb AhnZybpw AXns\ \nanamn
bp hyhlmcfpw A\mZnbmWv. AhnZybpw XXv Imcyfpw
\inv {_kzcq]mht_m[apmhmsX Poh\v A\ \nhr
nbpw B\{]m]vXnbpw DmIpX. AXn\m Pohs
AhnZymIrXamb A\s CmXmpXn\pthn {]]
ns hymh lm cn I k sb k Xn p sImv AXns
krjvSn{Ias imkv{Xfn {]Xn]mZnppv B {]Xn]m
Z\n\v Aymtcm]X{sap ]dbpp. {]] Iev]\bvv
A[njvTm\hpw AhnZymi_fnXhpamb {_s {]]ns
D]mZm\ImcWhpw \nanImcWhpambn knpsImmWv
D]\njn krjvSn {]{Inb {]Xn]mZnncnpXv.
{_ns hnhhpw AhnZybpsS ]cnWmahpamWv Cu
{]]w. hyhlmcZibn {_s ImcWambpw {]]s
Imcyambpw thZmimkv{Xw AwKoIcnncnpp. Imcyn\p
ImcWn \np `namb kbnsp \ymba\pkcnv
{_n \nv hnhamb qekqvaImcW{]]hn
jbsfsbmw bYm{Iaw XXv ImcWfn ebnnv Fmw
HSphn kImcWImcWamb B {_n ASpXmbn
ImWnp eb{]Inbbvv A]hmZsap ]dbpp Cu A]
hmZX{w PKns anYymXztbpw {_ns kZv`mht
bp amWv t_m[n n p Xv . {_ kz cq ] t_m [ ap m Ip tm
AXn I]n {]]w _m[nsv {_ambns {]Im
inpw. cpkzcq]t_m[n AXn I]ns kw
cphmbns {]Iminpp FXv AXn\p ZrjvSmamWv.
Bm\hpw AhnZym\mihpw
Am\hpw XXvImcyfpw m\wsImt \inpI
bpq. hkvXpkzcq]mh[mcWamWv m\w,Hcp hkvXphns
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
108 AssZzXNnm]Xn
kzcq ] n AxIc W hrn hym]nv B hkv Xp hns
bYmkzcq]s {]IminnpI FXmWv m\ns
kzcq ]w. thZm hn Nm cw sImp {_m Im c am bn o
AxIc W hr n bmWv {_ m \w. B hr n bpsS DZ b
n {_s B{ibnpw AXns kzcq]s adpw Ccp
Xmb AhnZybpw XXvImcyfpw _m[nsSpp. Atm
Btcm]nXamb {]]w {_tmSv sFIysSpp. Cu sFIy
n\v _m[ k am \m [n I cWyw FmWv thZm imkv {Xw
kw \In bn cn p Xv . Ipn bpsS Adn hp m Ip tm
AXn tXmnb I B IpntbmssSIysSpXv. Ipn am{X
ambnmWsSpXv _m[kam\m[nIcWyn\p ZrjvSmam
Ipp AXpt]mse {_kzcq]t_m[apmbtm {]Xy
knambncp {]]w _m[nv {_ambnocpp. Cu A\p
`qXntbbmWv kwJeznZw {_ CimhmkyanZw kw apX
emb {ipXnhmIy shfnsSppXv. AXn\m {]kvXpX
hmIy {]]ns kZv`mhs m]npIbn, A]h
ZnpIbmWv\ntj[npIbmWvsNpsXp a\nemWw.
1. tkmfImabX _lpkymw {]PmtbtbXo 2. XZmm\w
kzbaIpcpX 3. XkvamZzm GXkvamZm\ BImix kw`qXx 3
XpSnb krjvSn{]Xn]mZIfmb thZmhmIy Aym
tcm]X{nsXpw 4. B\n hnZntX kw hnZnXw `hXn
5. CZw khw bZ b amm 6. Bss thZw khw
7. {_ssthZw kw, 8. \mt\ymf tXmf kvXn {ZjvSm 9. sFX
ZmyanZw10. kw JeznZw {_ XpSnb thZm hmIy
A]hmZX{nsXpamsWp a\nemptm
\nfpsS kwibsamwXov Bhn{imnkpJa\p`hnm
\p `mKt[bapmIpw.
1. Rm At\Iw {]PIfmbnocs; Fv B Cuizc
B{Klnp.
2. Btlw Xss kzbw {]]amn krjvSnp.
3. B Cu Bmhn\np BImiapmbn
4. {_ kz cq ] amb Bm hns\ Adn bp tm AXn
Iev]ns Fm {]]hpw B Bkzcq]ambn
AdnbsSpp.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
109
5. AdnbsSp Fm {]]hpw BmhmWv
6. CsXmw BmhpXsbmWv
7. CsXmw {_w XsbmWv
8. Cu {_n\np `n\mbn thsd Hcp{ZjvSmhn.
9. CsXmw B {_kzcq]wXsbmWv.
10. {]Xyknamb {]]samw {_kzcq]amWv.
Pnmkp: Atbm alm mth!Am \ \miIhpw
Bm\{]Zhpamb AhnSps {]hN\ tIphm\n
SbmbXv Cubphs ]q]pWy ]cn]mIw sImmsWp
IcpXpp. tbmK thZmimkv{X Ipsdsbmw Rm ]Tn
npv. D]\njpIfn krjvSn{]{Inb {]Xn]mZnncnpXp
{]]ns kZv`mhs m]nm\msWt{X Rm a\
nemnbncpXv . Fm AhnSps Xncphmbv samgnIfn
\nmWv, {]]ns anYymXztbpw {_ns kz
cq]tbpw t_m[nnpI, F Dtiyta thZm{]Xn]mZnX
amb krjvSn{]{Inbbvpq Fp a\nembXv. AXpt]mse
kPmXob hnPmXobkzKXt`Z clnXhpw knZm\kzcq]hp
amb {_n \nv XZv`namb {]]apmIm kmya
spw As\ Dmbn Fp tXmpXv cpkw t]mse
AhnZymIev]nXamIpItb Dp Fpw AhnSps ImcpWyw
sImv F\np t_m[nphm Ignp.
{]Xy{]amWw sImtm A\pam\{]amWw sImtm
i_vZ{]amWwsImtm Cu temIw kmsWp m]np
hm kmyaspw Rm CtmgmWdnXv. {]Xy{]amWw
AXn\p hnjbamIp ]ZmfpsS ham\ ImenXnsb
am{Xta t_m[nnppq. A{Xam{Xw sImv `qXImepw
`mhnImepw B hnjbfpsp \nbnphm \nhrn
bn. aqpImepw _m[nsSm ]ZmYta kmIpI
bpq. A{]Imcap hkvXphns t_m[apfhmm {]Xy
{] amWw ]cym ]v X a m Xn \m {]Xy kn amb {]]w
ksp F\np a\nembn. km Akmb
{]XyhkvXpsf shpsImv kmWv {]]sap
A\pam\hpw icnbsp Rm\dnp. Cu `qX B\kz
cq]amb {_n \npmbn, AXns \ne\nv HSp
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
110 AssZzXNnm]Xn
hn AtXmSp tNv AXn Xs ebnpp. Fp XpS
nb {ipXn hm Iy Cu PKv DXv ] n \m i fp Xm
sWpw AXp {_nepmbn AXn \ne\nv AXnXs
ebnpXmsWpw {]Jym]npXpsImv {ipXn{]amWw
{]]ns kZv`mhs kXnpnss\ndnbphm
Ignp.AXn\m {_w kmsWpw {]]w Akm
sWpap ]camw AhnSps A\p{Klw sImp F\n
np t_myambn.
F mepw Ahn Zym hn j b I fmb Nne kt l
Ctmgpw Ahtijnppv. AhIqSn ]cnlcnp Xcm Imcp
WyapmIWsav Rm `n ]qw A`ynpp.
AhnZybpw ambbpw
hmhv: B ktlsfsmamWv? tIs.
Pnmkp: AhnZybpw ambbpw HmWp thZmnIfn
Xs Nne ANmcym A`n{]mbsSptm ap Nne Ah
cpw cmsW`n{]mbsp ImWpp. CXnteXmWv icnbm
bnpXv?
hmhv : cp ]hpw icn bmWv ; F s\ sb m
{XnKpWfpsS B[nIya\pkcnv ambbpsS kzKpW{][m
\hpw Cuiztcm]m[nbpamb Awin\p ambsbpw ctPmKp
W{][m\hpw Pothm]m[nbpamb Awin\v AhnZy sbpw
XtamKpW{][m\hpw ]`qXp ImcWhpamb Awin\v
Xmakn sbpap kwI Nne thZm imkv{Xfn
hnhcnnpv.
Fm AssZzXmNmcymcn {][m\nIsfmw Xs,
ambbpw AhnZybpw HmsWv ]cymb]ZfmsWp k
XnnphcmWv. ip {_s B{ibnncnp aqe{]Ir
XnbmWp amb. \njvIfhpw \njv{Inbhpw ]qhpamb B {_
n \m\mXcnep {]]{]XoXn DfhmpXn\m
s]mcpanmnSp s]mcpapsp tXmnnpXn\m
ambsbpw, hnZysImp \inpXn\m AhnZysbpw,
{_kzcq]s adbvpXn\m Xaspw {]]n\p
digitized by www.sreyas.in
111
ImcWambXn\m {]IrXn Fpw, {_s hn]coXambn
{]]ambn AdnbnpXn\m Am\sapw B aqe{]
IrXn imkv {X fn hyh l cn s Sp p. Cu {]Xn ]m Z \
n\nv AhnZybpw ambbpw Hp XsbmsWp a\nem
nmWpasm.
{_hpw ambbpw
Pnmkp: AXp a\nembn. Fm, {_w kPmXob
hn Pm Xo b kz K X t` Z c ln X amb ]q h kv Xp hmW sm. B
\nebv p amb tb qSn AwKo I cn m {_ ns ]q
Xbvpw GIXbvpw XZzmcm AssZzXknmn\pw lm\n
kw`hnpIbnt?
hmhv: Hcnepw lm\n kw`hnpIbn. amb, {]]w
Ft]mse anYybmWv. anYymhkvXphn\v XZ[njvTm\amb kXv]
Zmn Hcp hnImchpw P\nnphm kmya. Im\
Pew sImp Im\{]tZiw \\bmdntm? AXn\m ambsb
AwKoIcnXpsImv {_ns GIXzn\pw ]qXbvpw
AssZz X kn m n\pw Hcp tImhpw kw` hn p I bn sp
knnpp.
ambbpw A\mZnhmZhpw
Pnmkp: :amb, {]]wt]mse anYybmtWm? thZmn
I amb A\mZnbmsWp ]dbppsm. A\mZnhkvXp A\
ambncnWsapIqSn \nbaant? B \nebn amb km
bncnWatm
hmhv: amb {]]sat]mse anYyXsbmWv. A\m
ZnhkvXp A\amIWsap \nbaan. ss\mbnIm {]mK
`mhs A\mZnbmbn AwKoIcnnpsnepw AXn\v Aw
\miw DspIqSn Ah kXnpp. AXpt]mse thZm
nI anYymhkvXphmb ambtbbpw XXvImcytfbpw A\mZn
bm bnpw km am bn p amWv AwKo I cn n cn p Xv . Ftm?
Fs\? Fhn sS \nv ? Dmbn F dn bm ]mSn m Xp
sImmWv amb A\mZn Fp ]dbsSpXv.
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
112 AssZzXNnm]Xn
Pnmkp: {_n\nv amb Dmbn Fp ]db
cptXm? Nne ]ptcmtWXnlmkfn As\ ImWpptm
hmhv: {_n \nv amb Dmbn F hmZw {]amW
hncpamWv. {_w AkwKhpw {InbmclnXhpw \nhnImchp
amIpp. AXn\nv amb Dmbn Fp ]dm ImcW
amb B {_n\p hnImcapspIqSn ]dtbnhcpw. AXp
thZmknmn\p hncpamWsm. C\n Poh\n \ntm
Cuizc\n \ntmambbpmIcptXm? Fsmcp tNmZyw hcmw.
B tNmZyhpw thZmknmn\p tNX. Fsm
Poh\pw Cuizc\pw ambmImcyfmWv. Cu ambbnsn Poh
sbpw Cuizcsbpw kzcq]w Xs knnbn. AXn\m
amb Hn\npw Hcp Imepw DmbX, Imehpw tZihpw
t]mepw ambmImcyamWv. C{XbpwsImv amb Hcp hkvXphn
\nv Hcp Imepmbn Fp \nbnsSphm kmya
mXn\mepw {]]{]XoXnv D]mZm\ImcWambn AwKoI
cnsnpXn\mepw A\mZn Fp ]dbsSpp. Cu Ahn
Zyam{Xa: {_w, Cuizc, Poh, AhnZybpw{_hpw Xn
ep kw_w,Cu A\mZnhkvXp Xnep t`Zw, Ch
Apw IqSn A\mZnbmIpp. Fm {_ kmmXvmc
n, {_ sam gnp _mn sbmw _m[n s Sp p. CXp
sImp {_w am{Xw A\mZnbpw A\hpw _mnsbmw A\m
Znbpw kmhpamsWp a\nemWw. Cu kmhkvXp
{_n Iev]nX am{XamWv.
ambbpw inhmZhpw
Pnmkp : {_inbmWp ambsbp Nne BNmcy
m ]dbpptm. B ZrjvSnbn {_sat]mse {_i
nbpw kmsWp kXnttbm?
hmhv : iphpw \nKp Whpw \ncm Im c hp amb {_
n\nv Aiphpw kKpWhpw kmImchpamb PKpm
hpIbn. Fm As\bp PKpXmbn tXmppapv.
AXns\mcp ImcWhpw thWw. AXn\m PKns\ DXv]mZnn
hn[nep Hcp inbpspw AXp {_neS
nbncnbmsWpw A\pam\{]amWw sImp Nne BNmcy
digitized by www.sreyas.in
113
m knmnnpv. AX\pkcnv ambsb {_insbpw
hyhlcnphcpp. IpSw an \npmbXmsWmsWsm
hyhlmcw. ]s AXp t\tc an\npmbXspXmWp
hmkvXhw. an\np t\tc IpSapmhpsan Fm an
\npw IpSapmthXmWv. Fm As\ ImWsSpn.
AXpsImpXocpam\ntXp IpSs Dev]mZnn hn[
nep in GXp aneSnbnptm AXn\nt IpSap
mhq FpXmWv. ap Ipgp Nhnn ]cphssn am{Xta
AXn\np IpSapmhpIbpq FXv A\p`hknamWsm.
CXpsImv IpSamIm\p ans ]cphn\p Ignhn\v in
Fp ]dbmw. CXpt]mse temIn ImWsSp ImcW
fnsemw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw Imtcymev]mZIinbpw IqSn AS
nbnpsv Dulnmasm. Cs\ ]cntim[np t\mnbm
IpSns D]mZm\ImcWw aspw, AXneSnbncnp
inbmsWpw shfnsSpXpt]mse {]]ns D]mZm
\ImcWw, {_aspw {]]tmXv]mZIinbmb ambbm
sWpw Xocpam\nmw. ]s CXpsImp {]]tmXv]mZnI
bmb in {_sat]mse kmsWp knnbn. AXpw
{]]sat]mse anYybpw {_m\m \inpXp
amWv.
in kXytam anYytbm?
Pnmkp: Anbn ZmlIint]msebpw Pen
{Zh i n t]m sebpw hmbp hn kv ] i n t]m sebpw {_
n ambm in ASnbn cn pp Fpw AXv {_
n\np ths]SmXn\m {_ns kz`mhw Xsbm
sWpw \nKa{]amWfn ]dbppsm.
tX [ym\tbmKm\pKXm A]iy
tZhminw kzKpssW \nKqVmw 1
]cmky inhnhnss[h {iqbtX
kzm`mhnIo m\_e{Inbm N 2
1. {]]mt\zjImcmb B aljnam [ym\\njvTbn
CcppsImp kzmZnKpWfm adbvs {_ns
insb kmmXvIcnp.
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
114 AssZzXNnm]Xn
2.Cu ]ctaizcs in ]e {]ImcnepXmbn tI
sSpp. m\in Cmin, {Inbmin Ch aqpw Cu
]ctaizcs kzm`mhnIamb inIfmWv
Fn s\ bp tizXm iz X tcm ] \n j { fpw amb
{_inbmsWpXn\p {]amWamWv.
hmhv: {]kvXpX a{ amtbm]m[nIamb kKpW
{_spdnmWv {]Xn]mZnpXv. CXv Aymtcm]amWv.
Cu Atymtcm]X{{]Imcw kKpW{_w Cmm\ {Inbm
i n I tfm Sp Iq Snb k i \pw k \p amb Cuiz c
\mWv.
kIm kImaxkKx kckx
kXyImaxkXykev]x
Fp XpSnb OmtmtKym]\njZzmIy ambmhnin
jvSamb kKpW{_w PKZoizc\msWpw, Atlw kI
fpw kImafpw kKfpw kckfpw XnI
h\pw kXyIma\pw kXykev]\pamsWpw FSpp ]dbp
pv. Fm \nKpW{_w A{]Imca. AXv \njvIfw
\njv{Inbw imw \nchZyw \ncRvP\w FmWp tizXmizX
tcm]\njn {]Xn]mZnsncnpXv. AXn\m amb {_
neSnbncnp klPamb inbmsWp hmZw Aym
]m tcm ] ns Xm I bm knm] a sp ImWmw.
{_ssthZw kw knZm\am{Xw F \rknwtlmc
Xm]\otbm]\njp NqnmWnpXv mt\mZbn,
{_ n Iev ]n s ambbpw XXv Im cy amb {]] hpw
\inv CsXmw knZm\am{Xamb {_ambn {]Iminpsa
mWv. Cu D]\njZzmIyw ambmclnXamb {_ns \nKp
W`mhsbmWsm {]IminnpXv. kmotNXm tIhtem
\nKpW Fp tizXmizXtcm]\nj{hpw Cu \nKp
W`mhss D]tZinpp. AXn\m amb {_ns
kl P i n b sp \n bn mw, C\nbpw kl P i n bm
sWp kXnm ambbptSbpw X\yfmb {]]hnj
bfptSbpw [IqSn {_n\psp kXntn
hcpw. Atm kwkmc_w \nXyamIbm ]ca]pcpjm
amb tamw Xs Bpw knnpIbnspIqSn kXn
digitized by www.sreyas.in
115
Ww. AXp knm hncpamWsm. ]s {]]w Ak
msWp app Xs knmnspt]mbn. AXn\m {]]
[ XZ[njvTm\amb {_s kv]intb Csp
ImWmhpXmWv. LSapmbn Fp kXnXpsImmWsm
arn LtSmXv]mZIinbpsqlnXv.arZv`nambn LS
sasmcp Imcyta Dmbnnm nXnv LSsat]mse
LSinbpw AkmsWp hcpp. AXpt]mse {_`n
ambn {]]ta Dmbnnsp knmnXn\m XXvImcW
amb inbpw ambbpw AkmsWp \nbnmw.
Pnmkp: Imcyw \in pI F Xn\v D]m Zm \ Im c W
n ebnpI FmWw. LSw \inm AXv arn
ebnpw. AXpt]mse {]]w \inm AXns D]mZm\Im
cWamb ambbn AXp ebnpXmbn Dulnmw. AXn\m
Imcy\min ImcWwIqSn \inWsap hmZnpXv icn
bsp ImWmw.
hmhv: Imcyw ImcWn ebnp Ah {]fb
amWv. DXv]nsb AwKoIcnpsImmWsm ebs kXn
Xv. Fm DXv]ntb Csp hcptm ebn\v {]kn
Csm.
in anYyXs
Imcyn\v, XZpXv]mZIamb inbmWv D]mZm\ImcW
sap inhmZnI knmnpp. AXp kzX{amb Hcp
kZzkvXphmtWm Fp Nnnp t\mWw. Atm in kzX
{ambnmWsSpIbn. AXp iamb Hcp hkvXpth B{i
bnt Ccnq. AXn\m ImtcymXv]nbn inm{ibamb
i (inbp ]Zmw) in, Imcyw Cs\ aqp LS
Ifpsp hcpp. Chbn i\pw Imcyhpw {]Xykn
amWv. Fm in As\b. Imcyw DZv`hnmtm
]pdp shfnsSmtm inbpsp ]dbphm ]mSn.
AXpt]mse Imcyw DZv`hnp Ignmepw in {]XyamIp
n. CXn\nv ImtcymXv]np appw ]npw inbps
pXn\v {]Xyamb sXfnhnsp ImWmw. Nn{XImc Nn{Xn
ptm Ah\n Nn{XcN\minbpsp Nn{Xw hcbvm
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
116 AssZzXNnm]Xn
\p kmayapsp kXnpIbmsX, Nn{XnbvmsX
bncpm B inbpsp kXnphm ]mSnsm.
AXn\m Imcyw tlXphmbnmWv ImcWs \nbn
psXp a\nemmw. Imcyamb ]pIsb ImWmsX Imc
Wamb AnbpXmbn Bscnepw Dulnp]dbptam? Nn{X
Imc i\pw, Nn{XsagpXp kamyw inbpw, Nn{Xw
ImcyhpamWv. Nn{XsagpXptm Nn{XImc\mb i\pw Ah
s\gpXp Nn{Xhpw {]XyambncnbmsX in {]Xy
ambncnbn. {]Xyamb Imcyw sImv {]Xyam Imc
Ws \nbnpXmWsm A\pam\w. A\pam\n tlXp
kmy kakIfmbncnWsamWp \nbaw. Nn{Xs
psImv, Nn{XImc\n \nv thdnv kzX{amb Hcp Nn{X
cN\minbpsqlnpXp icnbmb A\pam\a. Fs
m Nn{Xsa t]mse Nn{XcN\min {]Xya. Bin
m{ibamb Nn{XImc am{XamWv {]XyamIpXv. Nn{XIm
c\n\np thdnv Nn{XcN\mkmayn\p kzX{amb D
bpsp m]nphm Hcp sXfnhpan. AXpt]mse{]]tm
Zv]mZIinbmbamb XZm{ibamb {_n \nv Hcnepw
ths]v kzX{k DXmsWp ImWnphm {]amW
sam p an . AXn \m amb {_ n\np `n amb Hcp
kzX{ hkvXpthm {_ns KpWtam ([tam) kzm`mhn
Iamb intbm Asp Xocpam\nmw. AXv, cphn k
{]XoXnbpmpXn\v Am\w ImcWamIpXpt]mse,
{_n tXmp {]] {]XoXnbvp ImcWamb AhnZy
am{XamIpp. {_ m\n AXp \inpXn\m Ak
pXsbmWv. IpSw \inm arnemsX inbn ebnp
ImWpn. AXpt]mse {]]w {_nemsX kzX{amb
ambbn ebnpp Fp ]dbpXpw icnb. C{Xbpw {]kvXm
hnXn\nv amb Hcp kzX{]Zmaspw AXn\p {_
n hnImcapfhmm IgnIbnspw m\m \inp
XpsImv anYyXsbmsWpw hyambnmWpasm.
anYybmb amb {_s Fs\ adbvpw?
Pnmkp: {_inbmb amb anYybmsWp a\n
em bn. Fm A s\ bp ambbv v , m\ kz cq ] amb
digitized by www.sreyas.in
117
{_s B{ibnv AXns kzcq]s adbvphm Fs\
Ignbpw?
hmhv: amb {_ns kZv`mhs B{ibnv AXns
NnZm\]q`mhs adncnbmsWpffXv A\p`hkn
amWv. Fs\sbm, Rm {_s Adnbpn Fp
A\p `hw Fm hp ap tm. Fm {_ km m Xv m c
n Rm knZm\kzcq]amb {_amsWp A\p`hw
m\nIpmIpp. Cu c\p`htbpw ]cntim[np
t\mp tm Rms\ A\p `hw c h bnepw XpSp
\nevpXp ImWmw. Fm Am\hbn knZm\
`mhhpw, m\mhbn AXbpw kv^pcnpn. AXn
\m cnSpw amdmsX XpSp \nevp Rm kmam\y
amWv. Fm knZm]q`mhhpw AXbpw hntijam
Ip p. {_w Rms\ \ne bn em Wsm A\p ` h am Ip Xv .
Alw {_mkvan Abamm{_ apXemb thZm alm
hmIy, Bmhpw (Rm\pw) {_hpw Htc hkvXphmsWp
m]nnpv. {_m\nIfpsS A\p`hhpw B hmkvXh
n\p sXfnhmWsm. Pm{Knepw kz]v\nepw kpjp]vXn
bnepw km[mcW a\pjy\v Xm {_amsWp A\p`han.
B hnjbnebm A\mWv. Fm XzakymZn alm
hmIyfpsS {ihWa\\mZnIsImv kam[ncq]amb {_m
Im c a t\m hr n bm B Am\ an m Xmb m \n, Xm
AJ kn Z \ {_ am sWp kzbw Adn bp p v . B
{_mImc at\mhrnbpmIpXn\p apv B a\pjy\n
{_hnjbIamb Am\apmbncpp Fv AbmfpsS A\p
`hwsImp knn p p. C{] Imcw Nnnp t\mp tm
Am\cq]amb amb Bkzcq]amb {_ns kZv `m
hs B{ibnpw NnZm ]q`mhs adpamWncnp
sXp Xocpam\nmw. m\kzcq]amb {_ns Rm
F kam\y`mhn\pw Am\n\pw Xn sshcpyap
sp Bibpw icnb. Fsm Rm F m\w
kmam\yhpw, As\ Am\w hntijhpamWv. kmam\yw
hntijn\p _m[Ia . km[Iw XsbmWv. Am\s
\innp m\w hntijamIpp. AXv , Rm knZm\
kzcq]amb {_amIpp F m\amWv. Hcp hntijm\p`
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
118 AssZzXNnm]Xn
hs \ntj[nphm {]_eamb asmcp hntijm\p`hn\p
am{Xta inbpq. Rm A\mWv, XSnh\mWv, saen
h\mWv , _pnam\mWv , _pnlo\\mWv, a\pjy\mWv ,
{_mW\mWv, iq{Z\mWv Fns\bp Am\cq]amb
hntijm\p`hs, Rm knZm\kzcq]amb {_amIpp
F hntijm\p`hw Fstbvpw CmXmpp. C{Xbpw
sImv m\w Am\n\p _m[IamsWp knmw
kmam\y m\sb, hntijm\sbmWp shfnsSp
psXp a\nemWw.
k Gj ambm]cntamlnXmm
icocammb ItcmXn kw1
Amt\\mhrXw m\w
tX\ aplyn Phx2
1. {_kzcq]amb Cu Bmhv ambbm Xs NnZm
`mhs hnkvacnv Xm A\rXPUZpxJcq]amb icocamsWp
sXncnv hnlnXmhnlnXfmb Fm Ifpw sNpp.
2. Am\m XfpsS {_kzcq]w adbvsSpI
bm PohnIsfmw icocm`nam\w ssIsmv kwkmcZpxJa
\p`hnpp.
Fp XpSnb {ipXnkvarXnhmIy amb, m\kz
cq]amb {_ns kmam\y`mhs B{ibnv AXns hnti
j`mhs adncnbmsWp t_m[nnpp. Cu {]Xn]m
Z\w sImv amb {_s B{ibnv AXns kzcq]s ad
bvpp F knmw {ipXnbvpw A\p`hn\pw tN
XmsWp kv]jvSambnmWpasm.
Pnmkp: amb {_s B{ibnv B {_ns
NnZm\`mhs adncnbmsWpthZm knmns
clkyw Ctm gm sW \np a\ n em b Xv . Ccpfpw shfn hpw
t]mse ]ckv]c hncpamb Am\hpw m\ kzcq]amb
{_hpw Fs\ tNn cnpw Fp Xm bn cpp Fs
kwibw. Fm Am\w {_ns kZv`mhs B{i
bnncnpXp sImv sshcpyansp shfnsp. Fm
Hcp kwibw Ctm Dn tXmn. AXpIqSn Adnbntbm?
digitized by www.sreyas.in
119
ambbpw {_mImcat\mhrnbpw
hmhv: AsXmWv? tIs!
Pnmkp: Am \ cq ] amb ambsb m\ cq ] amb
{_mImcat\mhrnbmWsm \innpXv. aqe{]IrXnbmb
amb ImcWhpw, AxIcWhrn XXvImcyhpamWv. Imcyamb
hrnbvv XXv ImcWs \innms\s\ Ignbpsapff
XmWv Fs kwibw.
hmhv: Imcyw ImcWs \innpXmbn temIn
Iphcppsm. ]\, hmg apXembh Ipep Ignm Ah
hf\nv {ItaW \inpXmbnmWmdpv. AXpt]mse
ambbpsS kzKpWn \npmIp m\w {_mIm
cat\mhrn B ambbpsS \min\p ImcWambnocpsap
hnizknpXnsemWp sXv? AXpt]mse kz]v\n ImW
sSp knwlhym{LmZnIsf `bv s]pWp t]mIpXpw
\ap\p`haptm. \n{Zmin ImcWhpw knwlhym{LmZnI
ImcyhpamWv. B Imcyn\npmb `bm\p`hw ImcWamb
\n{Zminsb \innpp. AXpt]mse Kpcp, imkv{Xw, alm
hmtIym]tZiw, Ahbn\npmIp {_mImc at\mhrn
Chsbmw ambmImcyamsWnepw B at\mhrnp XXvImc
Wamb ambsb \innm Ignbpsav \nbnpXn
bpn `w K sam p an . m\n I fpsS A\p `hhpw AXn\p
kmyw hlnppsm.
{_m\n hopw Am\nbmIptam?
Pnmkp: {_mImcat\mhrn ambbvp _m[Iam
sWp a\ n embn. Fm B at\m hrn \in p tm
Am\w hopapmbn B m\nsb hopw_\mpI
bnt? Fsmcp kwibw IqSn Adnbnphm\pv.
hmhv: sImmw! \ tNmZyamWnXv. CXn\pw kam[m\
apv. Am\w {`acq]amWv. Hcp hkvXphns kzcq]s adv
AXns\ ap hn [ n ImWpI F XmWv Am \ ns
kzcq]w. Fm {]amWP\yamWv m\w. AXn\v Am\
tm {]m_eyhpapv. AXpsImv {_PvRm\m Hcp
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
120 AssZzXNnm]Xn
hynbnep Am\w \inv Bkzcq]s kmmXv
cnm hopw Abmfn Am\w DmhpItbbn; Fp
XmWv thZmknmw.
XzakymZnhmtIym
kayKv [oPam{XXx
AhnZym kl ImtcyW
\mkoZkvXn `hnjyXn
FmWv {]kv XpX hnj b s p dnp hmnIn
kptcizcmNmcykzmanI ]dncnpXv. Xzakn XpSnb
almhmIy {ihnv Xm {_amsWp hnZymhrnbp
mIp Wn XsAhnZy XXvImcyfmb {]][
tfmSpIqSn \inpw. B AhnZy, `qX`mhnham\ Ime
fnepw CmXv Akv BsWp \nbnsSpsa
XmWv \inpI FXns kmcw. CXpsImv {_mImcat\m
hrnbm \insSp Am\w hopapmbn m\nsb
_\mpsap kwibw Xop ImWpasm. amImc
n cphn tXmnb kw shfnn CmXmbn
cpp. Fp shfnsmepw hopw Ccpp hcptm Bkw,
Xs ISnptam Fp ktlnpXpt]msebmWv m\
m \jvSamb Am\w m\nsb hopw _\mptam
Fp Bi. Cs\bp BiI Pnmkps
mapmhpI ]XnhmWv.
kZvKpcpip{iqjbpw kwib\nhrnbpw
imkv{X ]TnXpsImp am{Xw Fm kwibfpw
\opIbn. hnthIw, sshcmKyw, iaw, Zaw, D]cXn, XnXn,
{i, kam[m\w, Xo{hamb tamt Cs\bp km[\mk
pI kmZnv kZvKpcphns\ ip{iqjnv Atlw Imcp
Wy]qap]tZinp thZm hmIy{ihnv a\\\nZnym
k\sImp {_s kzkzcq]n kmmXvcns
n am{Xta kkwibfpw \opIbpq.
`nZytX lrZb{Knx OnZyt kkwibmx
obt Nmky ImWn Xkvan ZrjvtS ]cmhtc*
digitized by www.sreyas.in
121
(Aw : ImcyImcWcq]n {]Iminp {_s
kmmXvcnptm lrZb{Kn Bmhv tZlamsWpw
tZlw BmhmsWpap sXnmcW \inpp. A
s\bp m\nbpsS Fm kwibfpw \opp; knX
{]mc_v[mZnIfpw bnpp)
1. Ahysapt]cpXpw kXzcPkv Xtam KpWfp
Xpw A\mZnbpw ]cbpamb AhnZy, ]ctaizcs PKZpZv]mZI
inbmb ambbmIpp. CXp \nanamWv Cu PKp apgp
h DmIpXv. {]Xyknam Cu ambsb XXvmcy
amb PKns\ hpsImmWv _pnbph DulndnbpXv.
2. cpkzcq]adnbptm AXntXmnb k{`aw \in
pt]mse \nehpw t`ZclnXhpamb {_kzcq]w t_m[n
ptm AXn Iev]nXamb amb \inpXmWv. {]kn
fmb ImcyPmesf hpsImv kXzw, cPv, Xav Cu aqp
KpW ambbvpsp Xocpam\w {]knamWv.
Pnmkp: A`nhy kZvKptcm! ambsbpdnv F\np
mbncp kwibsfmw Xov Rm IrXm\mbn
1. Ahy\mav\o ]ctaiin
c\mZyhnZym {XnKpWmnIm]cm
Imcym\ptabm kp[nssbh ambm
bbm PKXv kanZw {]kqbtX (108 mw tmIw)
2..ipmZzb {_hnt_m[\miym
k{`tam cphnthItXm bYm
cPkvXaXzanXn {]knm
KpWmkvXZobmx {]YnssXx kzImsscyx (110mw tmIw)
2
Fns\ amsbpdnv hnthINqUmaWnbn {]Xn]m
Znnp tmI ]e hymJym\tfmSpIqSn hfsc XhW
Rm hmbnpIbpw AXns\pdnp NnnpIbpw sNbvXnpv.
]t ambbpsS kzcq]w AXpsImmpw F\np hyambn
cpn. Cv AhnSps {]hN\w {ihntmgmWv {]kvXpX
tmIfpsS bmYmyw F\np a\nembXv.Rm {_s
Adnbpn F A\p`hamWv ambmkzcq]sapw, Rm {_
amsWp A\p`hamWv hnZymhrnsbpw AhnSps apJ
PKanYymXzhpw {_kmmXvImchpw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
122 AssZzXNnm]Xn
p\np tItm A`qX]qamb A\p`qXn{]Imiw Fs
lrZ b n kap z en bpw Fs B\ ]p fn In X \m n
opIbpw sNbvXp Fp ]camw Rm hyamn
sms.
kZvKpcpmcn\np thZmalmhmIykmcw {ihnv Cu
PKpw CXn\p ImcWamb ambbpw AkmsWpw, Xm
knZm\kzcq]amb{_amsWpw AdnpWv ]ca]pcp
jmamb tamaSbpXmWv a\pjyPns apJy{]tbm
P\sav F\np \Xpt]mse t_myambn.
ambmImcn eyw ImWmsX Npnncnbp am\
htemIn\p t{itbmamw sXfnp sImSpp m\`mkv
c\mWv almmhmb AhnSpsv Rm\dnbpp. Ctm apX
Rm AhnSps ZmkZmk\mbnoncnpp. Fs ]ca
t{]a]qamb \akvmciX CXm Rm AhnSps Xrm
Zfn kanpsmpp. AhnSptp Xcphm CXpam
{Xta F\npq. kZbw kzoIcnv Fs A\p{Klnpamdm
IWw.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
123
IV
XXvXzakn almhmtIym]tZiw
Cu {]IcWw Dam[nImcnbmb apapphn\v
1
(kam[n,
_m[ Fpw ebw Fpw cphn[apv, cphn ksa
t]mse \nPkzcq]amb {_ssNX\yn Ime{Xbnepw
{]]ansp ZrV\nbamWv _m[kam[n. B \nbcq
t]Wbp AxIcWhrnv _m[nXm\phrn Fp ]d
bpp.) _m[nXm\phrnsImv e_v[amIp Pohpnp
ams ImWnpp. AXn\p {_mssIy{]Xn]mZIfmb
thZm a lm hm Iy fpsS As Kpcp ap J n\npw
{ihWw sNtXmIpp.
AXn\m kmathZmXamb OmtmtKym]\njn
ep XXzakn F amlm hmIys km{ZmbcoXym {]Xn
]mZnpp.
Xzakn: Cu almhmIyn XXv,Xzw, Akn, Fo
aqp ]Z fp v . Ah bpsS Aw: XXv =AXv . Xzw=\o.
Akn=BIpp. Cs\bmWv. Chbn AXvFXv Cuizc
t\bpw \o FXv Poht\bpw BIpp FXv cn\pw IqSn
bp (Poh\pw Cuizc\pw Xnep) sFIytbpw (inht
bpw) Ipdnpp. C{Xbpw sImp \o Cuizc\mIpp F
Aw knnpp.
in hrn
Cu Aw {]IrXn\p tbmPnptam Fv Hcp Bi
bpmImw. Fsm Hcp i_vZw tIptm AXn\p
Aw Hmbn hcpXn\v ImcWamb ]Zhpw ]Zmhpw
Xnep kw_n\p inhrn Fp ]dbpp Cu
digitized by www.sreyas.in
124 AssZzXNnm]Xn
inhr n sImv t_m[n p ]Zm n\p iIymw
FmWp ]dbpI. DZm: IpSw F i_vZw tIptm hmbv
HXpn Dcp BIrXntbmSpIqSn, shw tImcpXn\pw apw
C]tbmKnmhp Hcp ]m{Xns {]XoXn \appmIpp.
AXv IpSsa i_vZns (]Zns) iIymamWv. CXn\p
hmNym sa p IqSn t]cp v . AXp t]mse \o F Xns
hmNymw tZlm`nam\nbmb Poh Fpw, AXv FXns
hmNymw {]]ImcWamb Cuizc FpamWsm.
]cnn\pw kpJZpxJmZnIv hnt[b\pw Inn\pw
A]tcmhnjbtXz\ {]Iminph\pamb Poh\v A]cnOn
\pw kpJZp:JmZyXoX\pw k\pw ]tcmtXz\ `mkn
ph\pamb Cuizct\mSp sFIyw Hcnepw bpa.
eWmhrn
Cu Bi bv v kam [m\w ]d bpp;]Z n\pw (i_v Z
n\pw) An\pw Xnep kw_w in hrnbn
am{Xw ]cyhkm\npn. As\ ]cyhkm\npambncpp
shn tad Bi icnbmtbs\. Fm As\ A,
]Z]Zmkw_w inhrnbn am{Xa eWmhrn
bnepw IqSn hym]nppv. Hcp ]Zms inhrnbm
Adnbm IgnbmsX hm eWmhrn sImv AdnbW
sav BNmcym A\pimknncnpp. B \nebn in
Fpw eW Fpw hrn cp hn[apv. At_m[
n\p apJymw (hmNymw) ]cym]vXamImsX hm
atsXnepw {]amWw sImv B apJyms {Klnp
Xn\p hntcm[w t\cnm B apJyms hnnp XXv kw_
nbmb Hns\ kzoIcnpXn\v (Hns {]XoXn DfhmIp
Xn\v) eWmhrn Fp ]dbpp.
PlW
Cu eWmhrn PlW, (hn eW) APl
W (hnSm e W), Pl Z P lW, (hnp hn Sm
eW) Cs\ aqp hn[apv. Ahbn PlW Fm
digitized by www.sreyas.in
125
hmNyms apgph Xn AXnt\mSp kw_nsncn
p Hcp hkvXphns {]XoXn Dfhmp hrn F
amIpp. DZm: KwKmbmw tLmjx (KwKbn tKm]mcpsS {Kmaw
Ccnpp.) ChnsS KwK FXn\p Pe{]hmlw FmWsm
hmNymw. AhnsS {Kmaw CcnpIbn. AXpsImv {]hml
cqt]W hnp KwKsb hmNyms hnv AXns
Icbn {Kmaw Ccnpp F eymw PlWsImv
[cntXmIpp.
APlW
C\nbpw APlWsb hnhcnmw. hmNymtmSp
IqSns XXv kw_nbmb Hcp hkvXphns t_m[w Dfhm
p hrnbvv APlWFp ]dbpp. DZmx timtWm
[mhXn (Nphv HmSpp). Cu hmNInse Nphv FXv Hcp
KpWamIpp. AXn\p HmSphm Ignhn AXn\m B Nphp
\ndn\v B{ibamb Hcp Pphns {]XoXn DmIpp AXp
sImp Nphp\ndap Aizntem atm eW knnpp.
PlZPlW
ASpXp PlZPlWbmWv. hmNymns Hcw
is hnv asmcwis {Klnptm PlZPlWbmbn.
CXn\p `mKXymK eW FpIqSn t]cpv. DZmx tkmbw tZh
Z x (B tZhZ\mWv Ch). ChnsS ap]v Hcp Imev
Hcp tZipshv Adnbs tZhZ XsbmWv Cu Imev
Cu tZiphv AdnbsSph FmWv hmNymw. Ign
pt]mb B ImetmSpw B tZitmSpw tNp \nevpI
F hnti j W n\pw Cu Ime tmSpw Cu tZi tmSpw
tNp \nevpI F hntijWn\pw Xn s]mcpan
m bv I bm B hnti j sf sbmw Xn bnp tZh Z s\
am{Xw {KlnpXn\v PlZPlW FmWv ]dbpI.
hmNymhpw eymhpw
Cu aqp eWmhrnIsImp Xzakn almhm
Iyns eymw a\nemtXmIpp. PlW
XXvXzakn almhmtIym]tZiw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
126 AssZzXNnm]Xn
sImp Xzw ]Znsbpw APlWsImp XXv]Zn
sbpw PlZPlWsImv Akn ]Zntbpw eymw
t_m[nWsap Xmev]cyw. Fm eymt_m[n\p
hmNym m\w AXym h iy am I bm BZyw B hmNym
s Xs shfnsSptnbncnpp. Xzw (Poh) XXv
(Cuiz c) Akn BIpp (inhw) Fm Ipp Xz akn
hmIyns A\zbw. Cu hmIyn Xzw ]Zw BZyambn A\z
bnm\p ImcWw, \o F Poh, Xm \nnImc\mbn
Nn{Zq]\mbncpnpw B \ne AdnbmsX PUfmb tZtl{nbm
ZnIsf Xms\v A`nam\nncnpXn\m AXv F Cuiz
c Xm\sv BZyw Xs kv]jvSampXn\mWv.
"Xzw' ]Z{ihW{Iaw
Xzw ]Zmamb Poh bYmn ]cnipamb {_
ssNX\yamsWnepw tZlw, C{nbw, a\v, _pn, Nnw, Al
mcw, {]mW Fns\bp Ggp Imtcym]m[nIsf Xms\
`nam\npI \nanw Aip\mbnoncnpIbmWv. CXv
Xzw ]Zns hmNymamIpp. tadbs Ggp Imtcym
]m[nIsfbpw Xm\sp t_m[np Xptm Ahbvsmw
kmnbmbncpp {]Iminp m\kzcq]amb IpSssN
X\yamWv Xzw]Zeymw. Xzw ]Zns hNymw Aip
cq]hpw eymw ipcq]hpamsWp kmcw. AXpsImv
Aipcq]fmb Ggp Imtcym]m[nIsf apgph\pw \ot
Xm Ip p. AsX s\ sb m; tZlm `n am\w \n an w
tZtlmflw (Rm tZlamIpp) FmWtm \o hnNmcnp
Xv. BtemNnp t\mnbm AXp icnbsp ImWmhp
XmWv. Fns\sbm \o Xs Fs tZlw Fp ]dbm
dp v . Ic N c Wm Zy h bh kwLm X am Wtm tZlw. Ah bn
Hmtcmnt\bpw FSpp ]cntim[nptm Fs Iv, Fs
Iv FmsX Rm Iv, Rm ssIbv Fp ]dbmdn. Ah
bhkwLmXs Hcpanpw Rm Fv A`nam\nmdn. Fs
tZlsamsX RmtZlw Fv Bcpw ]dbpIbn. AXp
sImv Fs tZlsanSv Rm thsd tZlw thsd Fp
knn p p. CXp t]mse Fs a\v , Fs _pn, Fs
digitized by www.sreyas.in
127
Nnw, Fs Almcw, Fs {]mW F hyhlmcnepw
Rm D]m[nIfn\nv thdnmWv \nevpXv. FpsIms
m tadbs tZlmZn{]mW]cyw Ggp Imtcym]m[nI
tfmSpw tNv, Fs Fs, Fns\ A`nam\np Rm
B D]m[nIfspw Fm Ahbvsmw Dnembn kmn
cqt]W hnp HmsWpw hnNmcndntbXmWv, B
hnNmc{Iaw;KwKmbmw tLmjx F hmNInse hmNym
amb Pe{]hmls Xn eWmhrnsImv KwKbpsS Ic
bn CSbmcpsS {Kmaancnpp Fp {KlnXpt]mse Xzw]
ZhmNymamb Ggp Imtcym]m[nItfbpw Xn PlWm
hrnsImv B D]m[nIfpsS A[njvTm\hpw kmnbpamb
IqSssNX\ys AdntbXmIpp. CXmWv Xzw]Z{ihW
{Iaw.
"Xzw' ]Za\\{Iaw
C\n Xzw ]Za\\w Fs\ Fp ]dbmwx {ihWn
]dbs Ggp]m[nIfpw qekqvaImcWfmIp aqv
icocfmbpw Pm{KXvkz]v\kpjp]vXnIfmIp aqv Ah
Ifmbpw Aabw, {]mWabw, at\mabw, hnm\abw, B\
abw Fns\ Ap tImifmbpw IqSn AdnbsSpp.
Poh Ggp Imtcym]m[nItfmSpIqSnbncnp Ah
Pm{KmIpp. B AhkvYbn Poh AabtImisap
IqSn ]dbsSp qeicocsbmWv Rms\`nam\npXv.
AhnsS Poh\v hniz, hymhlmcnI, NnZm`mk F aqv
A`nam\\ma IqSnbpv. Pm{KZhbn FmXzfnepw
hym]nncnbm hniz Fpw, B XztfmSptNp
hyhlcnpI \nanw hymhlmcnIs\pw, Nnpt]mse Nn
WanmXncnpIbm NnZm`mks\pw D t]cpI Poh\v
A\zfmIpp.
Ggp]m[nIfnshv tZlw, C{nbw Fo cv D]m[n
Isf hnv, a\v, _pn, Nnw, Almcw, {]mW Fv Av
D]m[nItfmSp tNncnp m\w, {]mWabw, at\mabw,
hnm\abw F aqp tImitfmSpIqSnb kqvaicocs
XXvXzakn almhmtIym]tZiw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
128 AssZzXNnm]Xn
Rms\ `n am \n p kz]v \m h bm Ip p. AhnsS Poh\v
ssXPk, {]mXn`mknI, kz]v\Iev]nX Fp aqv A`nam
\\ma IqSnbpv. kz]v\mhbn, tXtPmabamb AxIc
W hr n tbmSp tNn cn bm ssXP k s\ pw, Dsp
tXmp ({]Xn`mknp) kabpam{Xw Ccnbm {]mXn
`mknIs\pw Am\Imcyamb \n{Zminbm Iev]n
s kz]v\s A`nam\npI \nanw kz]v\Iev]nXs\pw
t]cpmbn.
ta]d Av D]m[nIfnshv a\v, _pn, Nnw,
Almcw Cu \mep D]m[nIsf hnv {]mW\mIp Hcp D]m[n
tbmSp tNncnp m\w, B\abtImimIamb Imc
Wicocs Rms\`nam\np Pohs kpjp]vXyhbm
Ipp. AhnsS Poh\p {]m, ]mcamnI, Ahnn
Fns\ aqv A`nam\\ma IqSn Dv. kpjp]vXyh
bn Poh kz{]Imikzcq]\mIbm {]m Fpw hrn
kw_s hnncnpI \nanw ]mcamnIs\pw ImcW
hSn hm bn cn bm (Imtcym ]m [n Ir X amb hntZw kw` hn
mbvIbm) Ahnn s\pw ]dbsSpp.
BIbm Cu Ggp Imtcym]m[nIfmb qekqvaImc
W tZ l fpw Ah bn A`qXfmb ] tIm i fpw
Pm{KXv kz]v\kpjp]vXnIfpw \ob.
Atbm {]nb injy!qe i co c amb Pm{K Z h Rm\
sp \o ZrV ambn t_m[n t sX s\ sb m: Ggp
Imtcym ]m [n Ifpw Ien cn p qe i cocw Pm{K Z h
(DWncnp Ah) BWtm. AXp kXyambncpsn
AXn\v Hcnepw amw hcmsX Ftmgpw \ne\nevtXmbn
cpp Fm AXp kz]v\mhbn \inp t]mIppshp
\n\ dn bm a sm. AXp sImp Pm{K mb qe i co chpw
AXnse hnizm Zn I fmb A`n am \ \m a fpw \ob s dn tb
XmIpp. C\nbpw kqvaicocamb kz]v\mh Rm\sv
\obdntbsXs\sbp ]dbmw. Av D]m[nItfmSp tNn
cnp kqvaicocsbmsWsm kz]v\sav ]dbpXv.
AXpw kXyambncpsn bmsXmcp amhpanmsX Fpw \ne
digitized by www.sreyas.in
129
\nevWambncpp. Fm AXp kpjp]vXnbn \inp
Xmbn Adnbppv. AXpsImv kz]v\amb kqvaicochpw
AXnse ssXPkmZy`nam\\mafpw \obsdnbWw.
C\n ImcWicocamb kpjp]vXyh Rm\spXv
Fs\sbp ]dbmw. {]mW\mb Hcp D]m[ntbmSpIqSnbncn
p ImcWicocsbmWvkpjp]vXn Fp ]dbpXv. Hp
a dn bmsX A Im c a b am bn cn p kpjp ]v Xn, Xpco b n
(Pm{KXv kz]v\kpjp]vXyhIfn\np `namb \memas
Ah kam[nbn) \inpsap \n\v A\p`hsSpIbm
B kpjp]v Xnbpw AXnse {]mm Zy `n am \ \m a fpw \ob
sp \Xpt]mse DdnpsImtXmWv.
Cs\ aqp icocfpw aqhIfpw Rm\smIp
tm Rm Bcm sW p BImw \n\v Ds n
]dbmw: qekqvaImcWicocm`qXamb Ahm{Xb
n \n p hn e W (hyXykvX) ambn kmnbmbn {]Im
inp Xzw]ZmXpcob cq]m\amWv \o sbdnp
sImWw. Cs\ Xzw]Za\\{Iaw D]tZinsp.
"Xzw' ]Z\nZnymk\w
C\nbpw Xzw]Z\nZnymk\amWp ]dbpXv.
Xzw] Z {i h W a \ \ fn ]d p h As hgn
t]mse Nnnv AXn\nv knn Rm Ahm{Xbkm
nbmb m\kzcq]amIpp. F A\p`hn\p \nZnym
k \ sap ]d bp p. AsX s\ sb m Ggp Imtcym ]m
[nItfmSp tNncnp qeicochpw AXns\ A`nam\np
hnizmZn\mafpw, PohPm{KmIpp. AXv Ap D]m[nItfmSp
tNncnp kqvaicochpw AXns\ A`nam\np ssXP
kmZn\mafpw Ie Pohkz]v\n \inpp. B Poh
kz]v\amIs, {]mtWm]m[nIamb ImcWicochpw AXns\ A`n
am\np {]mmZn\mafpw Ie Pohkpjp]vXnbn hne
bnpp. B Pohkpjp]vXnt]mepw D]m[nclnXamb PohXp
cobn \inpp. Cs\ qekqva ImcWicocm
I amb Ahm{Xbhpw X Z `n am \ \m a fpw \in m
XXvXzakn almhmtIym]tZiw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
130 AssZzXNnm]Xn
Xsbpw, \mianm Hcp Ah Ahtijnpp. AXmWv
Xpcobw Pm{KXv kz]v\kpjp]vXyhIv kmkv^qn
(nXnbpw Xnfhpw) sImSppsImv Cu Xpcobn {]Im
inp m\kzcq]amWv \o.
kKptWm]mk\sImp (kKptWm]mk\bpw tbmKhpw
{ihWa\\mZnIv km[\fmWv) tZhXm{]kmZw t\Sn cmP
tbmKw sImv at\mamen\yw (a\ns hnt]w) \onbnp
Atbm h! \o, apIfn ]dbs Xzw]Zms, {ihW
a\\\nZnymk\ sImv ApJ\mbn kzcq]kam[n
bn {]thinv A\p`hsSptXmIpp.
XXv ]Z{ihWI{aw
C\n, XzaknalmhmIynse XXv ]ZmamWv Nn
\o b am bn p Xv . AXn t\bpw hmNymsapw eym
sapw cmbn hn`Pnmw. XXv ]ZhmNymw tkm]m[nI\mb
Cuizc Fpw eymw \ncp]m[nIamb {_ssNX\y
sapw BIp p. Cuiz cs tkm]m [n Im h bv v Aip
sapw \ncp]m[nImhbvv ipsapw IqSn ]dbpp. k
, kImcW, kmman, ktizc, k{k
jvSmhv, knXn Imhv, kkwlmcI Fns\
Ggp Imc tWm ]m [n I sfbpw Xms\v A `n am \n pI FXv
Cuizcs AipmhbmIpp. B Ahbn Cuizc\v
k apX kkwlmcI hscbp Ggp D]m[n\m
a IqSn knnpp. Fns\sbm, kImtcym]m[n
Itfbpw AdnbpXn\m ks\pw, kImcypw
ImcWambn Ah \inmepw ImcWcqt]W \mianmh\m
bn cn bm k Im c W s\ pw, kI e Im cy h kv Xp pw
DmXembncnpIbm kmcyman Fpw, Fmnsbpw
\mY\mbncpp {]IminpIbm ktizcs\pw, Fmn
s\bpw, kev]am{Xw sImv kzm`mKn krjvSnpI
bm kh{kjvSmshpw, Ahsbsbmw thXpt]mse \ne
\np I bm k nXn Im sh pw, {]f b Im e n
Ahsb (krjvSns hkvXpsf) XneSpIbm k
kwlmcIs\pw A`nam\\ma Cuizc\v D]]fmIpp.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
131
taev d Ggp Imc tWm ]m [n I sfbpw anYy sbp
t_m[nv Xp tm Ahbv p kmn bmbn {]Im in p
{_ssNX\yamWv XXv ]Zeymamb Cuizcs ipm
h. ChnsS Hcp BibpmImw. Fns\sbm {_
saXv kXyXz eWtmSpIqSnb Hcp ]camhkvXphm
sWs{X imkv{X tLmjnpXv. tZiImehkvXpIrX
fmb _m[Iv CSw sImSpm Hns\ am{Xta kXy
sap ]d bm hq. AXp GIhpw ]cn ]q hp am bn cn Ww.
Fm, apv Xzw]Zms tim[\sNbvXtm Ggp Imtcym
]m [n Ipw kmn bmbn Poh Xp n {]Im in p
m\s hmkv X h tXz\ AwKo I cn n pv . ChnsS XXv ]
Zmtim[\bn ImctWm]m[nIv kmnbmbn Cuizc
Xpcyn k{Zq]ambn {]Iminp {_ssNX\ysbpw
As\ Xs hmkvXhtXz\ AwKoIcnpXmIbm Ah
cpw (m\hpw {_hpw) cmbXpsImv ]ckv]cw ]cn
tZhpw Xnanw kXyXzlm\nbpw t\cnSpXmWv. Ans\
hn`nambncnp Ahbvv sFIyapsp ]dbm\pw ]mSn.
Cu ibvp kam[m\w ]dbpp.
m\ sapw {_ sapw cmbn {]Im in p tm
HsdnbpXv eWmhrnsImmWv. ap]dbs e
Wm{Xbn ChnsS APlWbmWv AwKoImcyambncnp
Xv. Fns\sbm Nphv HmSpp Fp ]dnSv B
hw, XtmSv A\nN\obXmZmykw_ap Hcp hkvXp
hnt\mSp tNt CcnpIbpq! AXn\m hmNyn \np
`namb Hnt\qSn eyampp. AXpt]mse ChnsS {_
sap ]dbptm m\tqSn {KlnpsImWw. {_w
m\kzcq]ambnt Ccnq. AXn\m m\hpw {_hpw
]ckv]cw ]cntZnsSpn. Ahcpw kv (kXyXz e
WtmSpIqSnbXv) BIbm AhbpsS \map t`Zaps
msX eymn bmsXmcp t`Zhpan. IqSmsX Imc
tWm]m[nkmnbmb m\w IqSn A`hnpw. AXpsImv
m\hpw {_hpw kmIbm GIssNX\yambnt Ccnq
FpXp ]mcntijnIamb Hcp knmamIpp.
XXvXzakn almhmtIym]tZiw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
132 AssZzXNnm]Xn
CSam\]ncw Nmn
Cc p sa tm Xp taIpw (CS am\ ]cn ]q {_ hpw,
kmnbpw (Ch) cpw Ftmgpw Hmbnt Ccnq. (ssIhey
\h\oXw)
BI bm kmn cq t] W bp m\w Xs {_w,
{_w Xs m\w Fp knnpp. Cs\ ]q]
knmcqt]W XXv ]Zm{ihWw {]Xn]mZnsp.
XZv]Za\\{Iaw
C\n XXv]Za\\sdbmw.
{ihWn hnhcns Ggp ImctWm]m[nI Cuiz
cs qekqva ImcWicocfpw Pm{KXv kz]v\kpjp]v
XyhIfpamIpp. AsXns\sbm, Ggp ImctWm]m[n
ItfmSp tNncnp m\w Cuizcs qeicochpw Pm{K
Zhbpat{X. B qeicocs A`nam\np Cuizc\v
hncmSv, sshizm\c, sshcmPI Fp aqp \ma Dv.
\m\mhn[amb {]]ambn tXmnp {]IminpIbm hncmSv
Fpw, kakvX{]mWnIfnepw hniz\cmcnepw Alw, Alw
F`nam\npIbm sshizm\cs\pw hntijambn krjvSn
pXn\m sshcmPIs\pw ]dbpp.
apIfn ]dbs Ggp ImctWm]m[nIfn BZys
\mep]m[nIsf hnv, k{kjvSmhv k nXn Imhv, k
kwlmcI Cs\ aqv D]m[nItfmSp tNncnp m\w
Cuizcs kqvaicochpw kz]v\mhbpamIpp. AhnsS
Rms\v A`nam\np Cuizc\v lncWyK`, kq{Xmmhv,
alm{]mW Fv aqp \ma Dv. hnIknXambn {]Imin
p kIetbpw Xs DZcn ASnsmncnpIbm
lncWyK`s\pw kq{X[mcnbmbncpv kIetbpw Nenn
p I bm kq{Xm m shpw, amcp XXs izmk({]m W
\mbn)ambncnpIbm alm{]mWs\pw ]dbpp.
apIfn ]dbs, Cuizcs kqvaicocn Ien
cnp k{kjvSmhv, knXn Imhv, kkwlmc
I F aqp]m[nIfn hv BZys cp]m[nIsf hnv
digitized by www.sreyas.in
133
k kw lm c I s\ Hcp]m[n tbmSp am{Xw tNn cn p
m\w Cuiz cs Imc W i co chpw kpjp ]v Xyh bp am Wv .
AhnsS Cuizc\v, Acyman, AhymIrX, Cuizc Fns\
aqv A`nam\\ma IqSnbpv
k{]mWnIfptSbpw lrZbnencpv Ahsb \nb{n
pXn\m Acyman Fpw \macq]clnX\mbncnbm
AhymIrXs\pw Fmhtbpw ]cn]menbm Cuizcs\p
ap \mat[bfpmbn. Cu ImctWm]m[nItfgpw Ahbn
A`qXfmb qekqvaImcWicocfpw Pm{KXv kz]v\
kp jp ]v Xy h Ifpw XZ `n am \ \m a fpw {_ kz cq ] a .
Ahbn Cuizcs qeicocmZy`nam\tmSp tN Pm{K
ZmZyhmZnI {_kzcq]aspsXs\sbp ]dbp
p. ap]p shfnsSpnb Ggp ImctWm]m[nI tN Ah
bmWsm Cuizcs Pm{KZh. AXp {_kzcq]ambncp
sn Ftmgpw \miclnXambnpXs {]IminWambn
cpp. Fm aqp]m[n am{Xap Cuizcs kz]v\mh
bn B Pm{KZh \inpXn\m AXp {_kzcq]asp
knnpp. AXpt]mseXs B Cuizckz]v\mhbpw Hcp
ImctWm]m[nam{Xap Cuizckpjp]vXnbn \inpt]mIp
Xn\m B kz]v\hpw {_kzcq]a. A{]Imcw Xs Cuiz
ckpjp]vXnbpw, CuizcXpcobn \mamhtijambnocpw.
AXn\m Cuizckpjp]vXnbpw {_kzcq]a. Cns\ Cuiz
cs aqp icocfpw XZ`nam\\mafpw aqhIfpw
{_ kz cq ] as n ]ns {_ kz cq]w GXm sW p
Pnmkbvv kam[m\w ]dbmw.
Cuizcs qekqvaImcWicocfpw A`nam\\ma
fpw Ahm{Xbhpw hnebw {]m]npXv bmsXmnemtWm
B Xpcobhbn Ahm{XbhneWambn kmnbmbn
{]Iminp ipssNX\ywXs {_sapdbvpXmWv
XXv]Zma\\w.
XXv]Z\nZnymk\{Iaw
XXv ]Z{ihWa\\fn {]Xn]mZns As
Nnnv, AXn \nv knnp ip{_m\p`hs \nZn
XXvXzakn almhmtIym]tZiw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
134 AssZzXNnm]Xn
ymk\sap ]dbpp. GgpImctWm]m[nItfmSp tNncn
p Cuizcs qeicochpw AXns\ A`nam\np hncm
UmZy`nam\\mafpw CuizcPm{KmIpp.. AXv aqp]m[n
ItfmSp tNncnp Cuizcs kqvaicochpw AXns\ A`n
am\np lncWyK`mZy`nam\\mafpw Ie Cuizckz
]v\n \inpp. B Cuizckz]v\amIs, kkwlmc
tIm]m[nbmb Cuizcs ImcWicochpw, AXns\ A`nam\n
p AcymaymZy`nam\\mafpw Ie Cuizckpjp]vXn
bn hnebnpp. B Cuizckpjp]vXnt]mepw D]m[nclnX
amb CuizcXpcobn \inpw. Cs\ {]imL\ambncn
p Xpcobn kmam{Xambn {]tim`np {_w Xs
PohXpcobn {]Imin m\kzcq]amsWv AdnbpXm
Ipp XXv]Z\nZnymk\w.
Akn ]Z{ihWw
C\nbpw Xzw ]Zsftmse Xs Akn ]Ztbpw
]cntim[npt\mmw.
Akn ]Zmw inhsamsWp t\cs kqNnnnp
sm. B inhkzcq]n\pw Aipamb hmNymhpw ip
amb eymhpapv. hmNymwx; k{Zq]in, Nn{Zq]i
n, B\cq]in Cns\bp aqp]m[nIfnepw Xms\
p A`nam\amIpp.
{ZjvSmhv, Zriyamb NcmNc{]]w, ChbpsS A
ln`mKfn kzbw k{Zqt]W {]IminpXns\ k{Zq]i
nsbpw Nn{Zqt]W {]IminpXns\ Nn{Zq]insbpw
B\kzcq]ambn {]IminpXns\ B\cq]insbpw
]dbpp.
Cu aqp]m[nIfpw Xn Ahbvv kmnbmbn{]Imin
p ssNX\yamWv inh]Zeymambipmh.
Xz akn alm hm Iy ns eym amb m\w,
{_w, inhw Ch aqn\pw i_vZt`ZamsX At`Zw teihp
an. B hmkvXhw ap]dbs eWm{Xbn PlZPl
WsImdntbXmWv AsXs\sbm tkmfbw tZh
digitized by www.sreyas.in
135
Zx B tZhZ XsbmWv Cu tZhZ F hmNI
n hnti j Wmwiw hyXy kv X am bn cp mepw hnti jy amb
eymw Hmbnsbncnpp. AXpt]mse m\w
(NnXv) {_w (kXv), inhw (B\w) Fp {]tXyIw ]dmepw
ssNX\yw knZm\kzcq]ambn At`Zambns {]Iminp
sav PlZPlWmhrnsImv AdntbXmIpp. CXv
Akn]Z{ihWamWv.
Akn]Za\\w
{ihWn ]d aqp]m[nIfpw,(k{Zq]in, Nn{Zq
]in, B\cq]in) inhkzcq]ns qekqvaIm
cWicocfmWv. B aqp D]m[nIsfsbmWv inhkzcq
]ns Pm{KZmZyhIsfp KWnsSpXv. AsXs\
sbm: k{Zq]iymZn aqp]m[nItfmSpIqSnbncp m\w
inhkz cq ] ns qe i co chpw Pm{K Z h bp am W sm.
AhnsS Rms\`nam\n inh(ssNX\y)n\v ]c, Nnzen
X, k{Zq] Fns\ aqp \ma ]dp hcpp. aqp
]m[nIfnhv k{Zqt]m]m[n \on _mn cp]m[ntbmSp
tNn cn p m\w kqv a i co chpw kz]v \m h bp am
Wsm? AhnsS A`nam\np inhkzcq]n\v ]cn]q,
{]mPm]Xy, Nn{Zq] Fp aqp \mafpv.
cp]m[nIfnshv Hcp]m[n \on B\cq]inbmb
Hcp]m[ntbmSp am{Xw tNncnp m\w ImcWicochpw
kpjp]XyhbpamIpp. AhnsS Rms\`nam\np inh
kzcq]n\v ]cam\, lncWy{]im, B\cq], Fp
aqpt]cpIfpv. Cu aqp]m[nIfmb qekqvaImcWi
cocfpw XZ`qXfmb Pm{Kz]v\kpjp]XyhIfpw
A`nam\\mafpw inhkzcq]a.
Fns\sbm: taevdbs aqp]m[nItfmSp IqSn
bncp qeicochpw Pm{Kpw AXnse A`nam\\mafpw
kz]v\n \inpp. AXpsImv Ahsbmpw inhkzcq]
a. AXpt]mse cp]m[nItfmSp tNncp kqvaico
chpw kz]v\mhbpw AXnse A`nam\\mafpw kpjp]vXn
bn \inpsadnbsSpIbm Ahbpw inhkzcq]a. AXp
XXvXzakn almhmtIym]tZiw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
136 AssZzXNnm]Xn
t]mse Xs Hcp D]m[ntbmSp tNncp ImcWicochpw
kpjp]Xyhbpw A`nam\\mafpw Xpcobn \inp
sap t_m[npIbm Ahbpw inhkzcq]a. Cs\ aqh
Ifpw aqp icocfpw A`nam\\mafpw inhkzcq]as
n ]ns GXmWv FmsWn ]dbmw. qekqvaImc
Wicocpw XZ`qXfmb Pm{Kz]v\kpjp]Xyh
Ipw hneWambn kmnbmbn {]Iminp ssNX\y
amWv Akn]Zma\\Xpcycq]amb inhw.
Akn]Z\nZnymk\w
Akn ] Z {i h W a \ \ fn ]d A Nn sImv
knninhm\p`hamWv \nZnymk\w. AsXns\sbp ]d
bpp.
Ap J ambn kzcq ] k am [n bn {]th in p tm,
aqp]m[nItfmSp tNncp qeicocs A`nam\nXv ]cm
Zy`nam\nIfmbncpp Fpw, AXp inhPm{Kmbncpp Fpw,
AXpt]mseXs B aqp]m[nIfnshv Hcp]m[n \on cv
D]m[nItfmSp tNp \n kqvaicocs A`nam\nXv ]cn
]qmZy`nam\nIfmbncpp Fpw, AXp inhkz]v\ambncpp
Fpw, A{]Imcw Xs B cv D]m[nIfnshv Hcp]m[n
\on Hcp]m[ntbmSp tNncp ImcWicocs A`nam\n
Xv ]cam\mZy`nam\nIfmbncpp Fpw, AXp inhkpjp]vXy
hbmbncpp Fpw A\p`hsSpXmWv. Cs\bp Cu
aqp]m[nItfbpw hnv Pohkmn Cuizckmn Fpt`Zw
IqSmsX inhXpcobn {]Iminp inhw ip{_w
XsbmIpp Rm Fpw \o AdnpWcWw.
Cs\ aqp in I fpw( D ]m [n I fpw) Xm\ s pw,
Ahbvp hneWambn kmnbmbn {]Iminp inhw Xs
bmWv Xm Fpw AdnbpXv Akn]Z\nZnymk\amIpp.
Atbm {]nbh, Cs\ Xzakn almhmIym
eoIcns AhmMvat\mtKmNchpw AJ]cn]qk
mam{Xkzcq]hpamb ipinhw XsbmWv \ns kzcq]sa
dnpWv Poh ap \mbn {]tim `n mepw CXm Ipp
Pohs ]caeyw.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
137
V
NXptZ almhmIy
thZmkmcw
Poh\v [m[hnthItbpw Poh{_ssIyt_m[
tbpw DmnsmSpp m\`mKmcamb EtKzZmZn
{Kkapbn\p thZsap ]dbpp. CXp k\mb
Cuizc\n\np Pohm\p{Klmw DmbnpXmsWmWv
{iuXm hnizknpt]mcpXv,
thZns ]ca{]mamWyw
{]Xy m Zn {] am W fnhv apJy hpw, A_m [n X hpw,
\nXyhpamb Hcp {]amWamWv thZw. CXv Ev, bPpv, kmaw,
AYw Cs\ \mep hn[n hn`Pnsncnpp. Cu
thZfn hn[n hmIy, \ntj[hmIy, knmt_m
[IhmIy Cs\ aqphn[ hmIy Dv.
Pohs A`ypZbn\v tlXp`qXfmb bmKmZnI
{]bmksmbmepw sNWsav D]tZinp thZ`mKv
hn[n hm Iy sfp ]d bp p. Cu hn[n b \p k cn p I
v [w FmWp t]. Pohs\ (a\pjys\) A[x]Xnn
p hy`nNmcw, aZy]m\w, AkXy`mjWw, tamjWw apXemb
\oNI Hcnepw A\pjvTncpsXv D]tZinp thZ
`mKp \ntj[hmIy Fp ]dbpp. Cs\ \ntj
[ns IfpsS A\pjvTm\n\p A[samWv \ma
I cWw sNbv Xn cn p Xv . tZi Im e sImp t]mepw Hcn
epw amw hcmXpw {]XymZn {]amWv hnjbam
Xpw Bb {_mssIys t_m[nnp thZ`mK
knm t_m[I hmIyfmIpp. knamb (e`ns)
digitized by www.sreyas.in
138 AssZzXNnm]Xn
As t_m[nnpXpsImmWv Ahbvv Cu t]cp
knnXv.
hn[nhmIy knnnnm Hns\ knnpXn
\p amamWv D]tZinpXv. AX\pjvTnm app e`nn
nm Hcp ^ew e`npsap kmcw. kzs B{Klnp
B tPymXnjvtSmabmKw IgnWsap thZw hn[nncnpp.
AX \p k cnv B bmKw Ign a\p jys\ B bmK ^ e amb
A]qw (bmKn\npmb \nXyamb A]qw Pohs\
kzntebvp sImpt]mIpp FmWv, aoamwkIaXw.
A]qsaXp kwkvmccqt]Wbp kpIrXamIpp.) (kw
kvmcw) kzntebvp \bnpp. Ahs kz{]m]vXn
apv Ah\v A\p ` h s n p X . AXn \m bmK ^ e amb
kzw
2
A{]m]vX{]m]vX({]m]nnnmXns\ {]m]npI) am
sWp imkv{Xfn ImWpp.
Fm thZ nse knm t_m [ hm Iy fm I s,
{]m]vXamb AYhm knamb ( {_mssIykmmXvmccq
]amb) Pohs apmhtbbmWv t_m[nnpXv. ChnsS
Hcp Bi bp m tbmw: Fn s\ sb m, {]m]v X {]m ]v X
ns A\p`hw temIn HcnSpw ImWpnsm Xn
anw ZrjvSmlm\n Fsmcp tZmjw {]IrXn hptNcpw.
{]m]n Hscs {]m]nWsap ]dbpXv shdpw {`mP
ev]\as? AX\pkcnp hnthhnI {]hnptam?
Cu Bi icnb. FpsImsm temIn ]e
bnSpw {]m]vXamb hkvXphns\ {]m]nm\p {iaw km[m
cW \mw Iphcppv. hmbnptmgpw apw IS D]tbmKn
p Hcm bmZrnIambn AXv s\nta Ibnshv kao]
m tcmSp kwkm cn p sIm n cn p p. Atm A
in]mbn Hscgpv s]sv Abmsf Gev]np. AXp hmbnm
\p DXvWT\nanw Abm Apanpw IS At\zjn
m XpSn. CXpIv kao] At\zjWsn tNmZn
tm IS In Fv Abm ]cmXnsp. IS \n
fpsS s\nbn In\p kao]n sbs CcnpXv
Fv Ah km]lmkw ]dtm Abmp Imcyw a\n
embn. Abm IS Cdn shv Fgpp hmbnm XpSn.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
139
Am\w \nanw ]epw A\p`hsSmdp Hcp Imcyam
Wsm CXv. ChnsS IS DSas ssIhiw Xs Dmbn
cpnpw Abm B hmkvXhadnbmsX (Am\w \nanw)
At\z jn p hm XpS n. B]v X m cpsS (kao ] m cp sS)
hmpsImv Abmv IS Inn. \jvSspt]mbn F A\p
`hw Am\wsImpw Inn F A\p`hw m\w sImpw
DmbXmWv. Cu IS InpIsbXv {]m]vX{]m]vXnv DZm
lcWamWv. CXpt]mse imkvt{Xmfmb hnkvarXIWvT
NmaoIc\ymbw Zia]pcpj\ymbw apXembhbpw {]IrXn
A\pktbfmWv. C{Xbpw sImv ZrjvSmlm\nbnspw
Bi A\p]]ambncpp Fpw knnsm?
C\nbpw ZmjvSmnIsn Nnnmw.
Bmhv kztXXs knZm\L\amb {_kzcq]am
sWnepw Xs B{ibnv Xs kzcq]s adncnp A\m
Znbmb AhnZy\nanw tZlm`nam\w ssIsmp Poh\mbno
cpIbm kpJZpxJmZy\p`hp hiK\mbncnpIbmWv. B
Poh X\np t\cn ZpxJs CmXmn ]cn]qkpJ{]m
] Xnp thn B{K ln p p. Xs Cm i a \ n\v B{K l
]qnv, AhnZymIev]nXfmb hnjbsf kao]npp.
B hnjbfpsS A\p`hw sImv bmsXmcp Xr]vXnbpap
mImsX Ah P\\acWtfmSp IqSnb kwkmcn InS
pgepIam{XamWv sNpXv. Cs\ \m\mhn[tbm\nIfn
P\npw acnpw IjvSsSp Poh ]pWyhim HSphn a\p
jyPsaSppp. Ah thZhnlnXambncnp kXv
f\pjvTnv AxIcWipn hcpn BXynIamb ZpxJ\nhr
npthn {_\njvT\mb BNmcys\ kao]npp. Ahs
ip{iqjmZnIsImv {]k\mbno BNmcy\mIs, B
ip{iqjphmb injy\v t\cn A\n\p ImcWw, Ahs
({_) kzcq]t_m[anmbvabmsWv Ahs\ t_m[nnpp.
Kpcphn\nv, Xm {_amsWp A\p`hs injy Xs
km\pw ImcWw Am\ambncpp Fdnbpp.
Ah ]cn]qm\m\p`qXnbn apgpIpp. ZrjvSmn
IS ssIhiapmbnpw AdnbmsX tin a\pjy B]vX
hmIyw sImv AXp Xs ssIhiw Xs Dsm Fdnp
NXptZ almhmIy
digitized by www.sreyas.in
140 AssZzXNnm]Xn
ktmjnXpt]mse ZmjvSmnInepw B\]q\mbn
cp injy Xs hmkvXhnXnbdnbmsX kpJat\zjnp
hetm BNmtcym]tZiwsImv Xm {_m\kzcq]
\mbncpsm FdnpIrXIrXy\mIpp.
Cu hmkvXhnXnsb t_m[nnp thZkqnIft{X
knmt_m[I. D]{Itam]kwlmcsImv thZw
{_mssIycq]amb Cu knmssbmWv knm
npXv.
Cu knmt_m[IhmIy thZns ]caey
s {_mssIys \nbnpXpsImv Chbvp
thZm 1 (thZmw=thZ ns Aw. Aw=\nbw
(knmw) Atm fkv {Xo \ntb \mti, Fp {]am Ww.
ChnsS \nbmamWv.)hmIy Pohs bYmkzcq]
amb {_`mhs adncnp AhnZysb D]\njmZ\w sNp
XpsImv (\innpXpsImv) D]\njpI FpIqSn
]dbsSpp. Cu D]\njpIfmWv thZnse m\Imw.
D]\njZzmIy hfscbpsnepw Ahbn {]m[m\y
alnph \memWv. Ahtbmtcmpw Ev, bPqv, kmaw,
AYhw Cu \mep thZfpsSbpw kmckhkzfs{X. Ah
{]m\w {_ Alw {_mkvan. Xzakn Abamm
{_ Cu \mep hmIyfmIpp. Chbn {]m\w {_
F almhmIyw EtKzZmXamb sFXtctbm]\njnepw
Alw {_mkvan FXp bPqtZmXamb _rlZmcWy
tIm ] \n j nepw, XXz akn FXv kma th Zm X amb
OmtmtKym]\njnepw Abamm{_ FXv AYW
thZmXamb amqtIym]\njnepw DhbmWv. (ap D]
\njpIfnepw Cu hmIy ImWpv.)
\mep amlmhmIyfpsS {]tbmP\sav?
Poh]c ({_)fpsS sFIys t_m[nnpXn\v Hcp
hmIyw t]mctbm? Cu \mep hmIyfpw Fn\mWv? Fmi
npp Fn Cu \mep hmIyfpw {]tbmP\IcfmsWp
ImWnmw.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
141
Fs\sbm {]m\w {_ FXv Pohsbpw
{_nsbpw eWhmIyhpw Abamm {_ FXv Poh
]c A]tcm ({]Xy) hnjbfmsWp ImWnp
kzcq] kmmmchmIyhpw Xzakn FXv Kpcphns D]
tZihmIyhpw Alw {_mkvan FXv injys A\p`h
hmIyhpw BIp p. Cs\ t\mn bm Poh ] c fpsS
sFIys {]Xn]mZnp \mep hmIyfpw D]] Xs
Fp ImWm Ignbpw.
{]m\w {_
Chbn BZyw ]d {]m\w {_ F hmIy
sn Nnnmw. CXv sFXtctbm]\njn XrXobmym
bnep Hcp hmIyamWv. {_hnZysImp {_mssIy`m
hamIp ^ew knnpsap hmatZh apXemb BNmcym
cpsS ]cchgnbmbpw thZhmIy sImpw {_m\nI
fpsS ]cnjnep {]knnsImpw {Klnv apappfmbn
o A[nImcnI sshcmKyapmbXn\ptijw {_m
\n\pw kwkmc\nhrnpw Cnv NnnpsImv ]ckv]cw
tNmZnpp. tImbamtXnhbap]mkvatl IXcBm?* Cu
Bi_vZn\p {_samWw (CXv BmhmWv Fn
s\ hnNm cnv \mw Bsc D]m kn p pthm B Bmhv
GXmWv?) B almmfpsS Cu tNmZycq]amb NnbpsS ^e
ambn C{nbmXoXamb Hc\p`qXnAhpmbn. AXns ^e
ambn B [\ymm {]mt\t{Xm temIx, {]m {]Xn
jvTm, {]m\w {_, (temIw {]bmIp t\{XtmSp
IqSnbXmIpp. {] Fm temIn\pw {]XnjvT BIpp
]cy h km \ m \ am Ipp. B {]m \ amWv {_w) Fp
knmnp.
B knm hmIyamWsm {]m\w {_ FXv!
CXn {]m\w, {_ Fp cp ]Zfpv. hmkvXhamb
As {KlnpXn\v Cu cp ]ZfptSbpw hmNym
tbpw eym tbpw Nnn t n bn cn p p. Poh
FmWv {]m\ ]Zns hmNymw. AxIcWn
{]Xn^enncnp B ssNX\yn\p Poh Fp ]dbpp.
]alm`qXfpsS kmznImwiw tNpmb m\km
NXptZ almhmIy
digitized by www.sreyas.in
142 AssZzXNnm]Xn
[\amb IcWn\v AxIcWsamWp \maw. Cu AxIc
Wns ]cnWmaamWp hrn. B hrnbmIs a\v, _pn,
Nnw, Almcw Cs\ \mep hn[n hyhlcnsSpp.
kev]hnIev] cqt]Wbp hrnp a\v Fpw LS]Sm
Zn hn j b fpsS kzcq ]s \n bn p hrnp _pn
Fpw Nnmcqt]Wbp hrnp Nnw Fpw Rm, Rm
Fns\ A`n am \n p sm n cn p hrnp Alm c
sapw ]d bp p. Nnw a\ nepw _pn Al m c nepw
A`hnpIbm Almcsapw a\spw hrn cp
hn[ ta bpp Fpw A`n {]m b ap v . m\ km [ \ fmb
_lnxIcWfmb t{im{XmZn C{nbsf At]nv A`m
K n hn p I bm Chbv v AxIcWw F t]cp
mbn. Chbn Almcw Ircq]ambnpw a\p IcWcq
]ambnpw hnpp. Cu AxIcWw kzKpWImcyamI
bm kzhpw kv ^Sn I ^ e I sa t]mse {]Xn ^ e \s
DsIm m ka hp am Wv . Cu A I c W ns A[n
jvTm\w IqSssNX\yamIpp. kmncqt]W {]Iminp
B {]XyKm (IqS) ssNX\yw AxIcWn {]Xn_nw
_npXpsImv B {]Xn^e\mwin\p NnZm`mks\p ]d
bpp, {]Xn_nw_nXamb B NnZm`mk ssNX\yns {]Im
im kztX PUamb Almcw tNX\ambnocpp. Ccpv
An kw_m Ansbtmse ZmlIhpw {]ImiIhpw
Bbnocpp. B Ccpn\pw Xobn\pw Xnep kw_
n\p XmZmykw_samWp ]dbpXv.
AXpt]mse Nnmb (NnZm`mk)tbmSv Almcw XmZm
y(sFIy)sSpIbmWp sNpXv. As\bp Almcw
PUamb tZltmSp kw_nptm B tZlhpw tNX\Xzw
ssIsImpp. NnZm`mk Xs [amb {]Imis Al
mcn\p sImSppsImv Almc[fmb IrXzw,
t`mrXzw, kpJnXzw, ZpxJnXzw apXembhsb Xm Gp hmpI
\nanw, Imhv, t`mmhv, kpJo, ZpJo F`nam\npp.
B Ah k c n NnZm `m k pw Al m c n\pw Xn ep
kw_n\mWv * (klPXmZmyw=IqsSss P\np
sFIy kw _w. Al m c n\pw NnZm `m k\pw Xn ep
sFIykw_w P\ntmtg DXmsWp kmcw) sFIykl
digitized by www.sreyas.in
143
PXmZmysap ]dbpXv. CXn\v NnU{Kn FpIqSn
t]cpv.
B Almcw qeicoctmSp kw_nptm B
qeicocns jUv`mh hnImcmZn[sfsbmw Xn
te p sImv Ay knp sImv Rm ]n ambn P\np,
hnp qenp, timjnp, \inp Fpw, Rm Idp\mWv,
Nphh\mWv, s\Snbh\mWv, Ipdnbh\mWv Fpw apw A`n
am\npp Cu A`nam\n\p ImcWw NnmbtbmSp XmZmy
s Almcn\pw qeicocn\pw Xnep kw_
amsWsm? CXp qeicocns Iw -hym]mcw sImp
mIpXmIbm IPXmZmykw_sap ]dbpp.
Cu Almcw AxIcWhrnbmsWp apt Xs
]dbsnpv. AxIcWamhs, cphn ksat]mse
kmnssNX\yn Am\P\yamb {`mn\nanw Iev]n
snpXpamWv. AXn\m AxIcWhrncq]amb Al
mcn\pw kmnpw Xnep kw_n\v {`mnPXmZm
ysamIpp imkv{X t]cp]dbpXv.
Cs\ kmntbmSp {`mnPXmZmy_n hn
p Almcw icoc{Xbnepw hym]nbm icoc[
sf apgp h kmn ssN X \y nepw kmn [s
(knZv`mhsf) icocnepw Btcm]npp. Cu Btcm]n\v
At\ym\ymymkw Fm Wp thZm im kv {X n ]d bp
kmtXnI \maw.
kmnssNX\yns {]Xn_nw_amWtm Poh, Hcp
hkv Xp hns {]Xn _nw _ sa Xv _nw_hpw D]m [nbpw IqSn
tNXmIpp. ImSnbn {]Xn_nw_np ImWp apJmb,
_nw_`qXamb apJntbpw ImSnbptSbpw kwsImm
Wsm DmIpXv. {]Xn_nw_sam _nw_hpw D]m[nbpw
IqSntsXp kmcw.
AXpt]mse AxIcWn {]Xn_nw_n kmnssN
X\ymb Fphm, kmnssNX\yhpw AxIcWamIp
D]m[nbpw IqSnbXmsWp ImWmw. kmn ssNX\ytmSpw
D]m[ntbmSpw IqSnb {]Xn_nw_amWp Poh. Cu Poh\p _nw_
`qXamb IqSssNX\yntbpw D]m[nbmb AxIcWn
NXptZ almhmIy
digitized by www.sreyas.in
144 AssZzXNnm]Xn
tbpw [ fp v . Nnn s\ tseIqS ssN X \y s
tmseB`mknpIbm (tXmpIbm) CXns\ NnZm`mk
s\p IqSn ]dphcpp.
Cu NnZm`mk mXrm\tbcq]amb {Xn]pSnhym
]mcs sNpp. Fs\ Fm, Rm IpSw ImWpp.
Rm ]mp tIpp CXymZnIfmWp {Xn]pSn hym]mc.
Rm IpSw ImWpp F hmN I n {Zjv Sm hv , Zriyw,
Zi\w, Fp aqp hn`mKfpv. Chbvp thZmimkv{X
n {Xn]pSn FmWp \maw. Rm FXp {ZjvSmhpw IpSw
FXp Zriyhpw ImWpI FXv Zi\hpamsWsm. Chsb
Imhv, Iw, {Inb Fp IqSn ]dbmw. t\t{X{nbw LS]
SmZnhnjbtfmSp kw_nptm ImWpI F hnjb
m\w DmIpp. thZmimkv{X{]Imcw m\w \nXyamWv.
AXn\v Dev]n \mifn. IpSw ImWpI FXv AxIc
Whrn t\t{X{nbZzmcm shfnbnhp IpSns BIrXn
bn ]cnWanptm B hrnbnssNX\yw (m\w) {]Xn
^enp IpSs {]IminnpI FXmWv. hrn kqva`qX
fpsS kmznImwin\npmb AxIcWns ]cn
WmaamsWp app ]dnpsm. B hrn GXmIrXnbn
]cnWanptam AtX BIrXnbn Xs m\hpw (ssNX\yw)
AXn {]Xn ^ en pw. AxIc W hr n, m\ {] Xn ^ e \
tmSpIqSntb Ccnq FmWp \nbaw. Fm hrnbpsS
Dev]n\mifn m\apmbn \inp FmWp ]dbmdp
Xv. AXp icnb, FpsImsm hrnp am{Xta Dev]
n\mifpq. B Dev]n\mi m\n Btcm]n
p Xp sImv KuW ambn m\ n Dev ] n \m i fp
sv ]dpt]mIpIbmWv. AXpsImv m\w \nXyhpw
\miclnXhpamsWp thZmw knmnpp. m\w (IqS
ssNX\yw) Almcn {]Xn^enptm mXm
shpw hnj bm Im c hr n bn {]Xn ^ en p tm m\w
Fpw ]dbpp. PvtRbamIs LSm]SmZnhnjbfmIpp.
Ah `qXfpsS XtamKpWImcyfmIbm kzbwPU
{]ImiclnX, BWv. AImcnencnp ]Zmsf
{]Iminnphm Zo]w D]IcnpXpt]mse LSmZnZriysf
shfnsSpphm hrnm\w D]Icnpp. hrnm\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
145
tmSp kw_ n p tm gmWp hnjb bYm n
tbfmbnocpXv. mXmhv, m\w, tbw Fp
]dbsSp {Xn]pSnbpsS hnhcWw Cns\bmWv. {Xn]pSntbm
SpIqSnbncnp NnZm`mk Zti{nbhym]mcsf sNpp.
AxIc W hr n sImp t{imt{X {n b Zzmcm kI e i _v Z
tfbpw XzKn{nbZzmcmkv]i\tfbpw, Npcn{nbZzmcm
cq]tfbpw, Pntlz{nbZzmcmcktfbpw,{LmtW{nbZzmcm
Ktfbpw, hmKn{nbZzmcmhN\tfbpw, ]mWo{nbZzmcm
Zm\tfbpw, ]mtZ{nbZzmcm Ka\tfbpw, Kptly{nbZzmcm
B\tbpw, KptZ{nbZzmcm hnk\tbpw Adnbp
NnZm`mk\mb B Poh\mWv{]m\]Zns hmNymw.
m\ kzcq]\mbncnpIqS, Almcn {]Xn
^enpw AXnt\mSp tNpw Ccnpp. Fnepw IqS \n
e\mbnpw NnZm`mk, {]Xn_nw_w, AlmcmZn hrnZzmcm
Ne\mbnpw hnpp. Cu NnZm`mk\mWp {]m\]Z
ns hmNymw.
A[njvTm\amb IqSssNX\ytmSp {`mnPXmZmy
kw_n nXnsNp Almc cq]\mb Poh,X\np
kmkv^qn \Insmncnp B A[njvTm\ssNX
\ys(IqS s\)n Adn bm sX X s bmWv hnj b sf
AdnpsImncnpXv.
Pl Z P l W sImv {]m \ ] Z ns hmNym
s Pohs\ Xn \nnImcnbpw m\kzcq]\pambncn
p {]Xy Km IqS ssNX \ys {Kln p tm
{]m \ ] Z ns eym am bn. AXm bXv AxIc W
tbpw AXns hrnItfbpw {]Xn_nw_mwitbpw tZtl
{nbmZn hym]mctfbpw \onbmepw, \omsX Ahtijn
p IqS \mb Ah m {X b km n bmWv {]m \ ] Z
ns eymw.
C\nbpw {_i_vZs FSpmw. CXn\pw hmNymhpw
eymhpw Dv. Dafmb {_t{mZn tZhXIfnepw,
ayafmb a\pjycnepw , A[afmb ]izmZnIfnepw, Fp
th qe kq v a Im c Wm I fmb kIe `qX fnepw
bmsXmcp ssNX\yw ]q ambpw GI ambpw Ccn p p thm,
NXptZ almhmIy
digitized by www.sreyas.in
146 AssZzXNnm]Xn
AXs{X {_ i _v Z ns hmNymw. apI fn ]d b s
{_mZn kPohPmetfbpw k`qXtfbpw \onbnv
Ahbv p hneWambn, {Xnhn[]cntZ iq\yambn, k{X
A\pkyqXambn, ambmXoXambn, {]Iminp ]camssNX
\y s bmWv {_ i _v Z ns eym ambn ]d bp Xv .
C{Xbpw sImv \ncp ]m [n I ambn {]tim `n p ]cn ]q
t_m[wXsbmWv {]m\w {_ F hmIym knn
pXv. CXpXsbmWv {_ns kzcq]eWhpw. IqS
ssNX\yw, {]m\w, {_w Cu i_vZsfmw knZm\
kzcq]amb {_s eoIcnphbmsWp {Klnt
XmIpp.
Alw {_mkvan
Cu hmIyw bptZmXamb _rlZmcWytIm]\n
jn Hmw Aymbw \memw {_mWnse ]mw Jn
IbnepXmWv.
BXynIamb t{itbmams {]m]nphm B{Kln
p a\pjy {_hnZysImv Xp Fmambn (km
Iamb {_ambn) ocmsav hnNmcnpp.AXn\m B
{_s n \apv Nnnmw, F ]q]oTnItbmSpIqSn
EjnI {_ hm CZw A{K BkoXv................ (Cu icocn
nXnsNp ssNX\yw appw {_w Xs Bbncpp. Fv
D]{Ianv, XZmm\tahmthZlw {_mkvaoXn (B{_w
Xms\ {_amIpp Fdnp) Fv kzm\p`hcqt]W
D]kwlcnpp. Alw {_mkvan, Cu hmIyn Alw
(Rm) {_( {_w), Bkvan (BIpp) Cs\ aqp ]Z
fmWpXv. CXn Alw ]Zns hmNymw Pohs\pw
eymw IqSssNX\yw Fpw BIpp. ]cn]qambn
tZiImehkvXp ]cntZiq\yambncnp {]XyKmssNX\yw,
{_hnZybvv A[nImcnbmb a\pjys _pnp kmnbmbn
\nv lrZbIaen Alw, Alw Fp kv^pcnpsImn
cnpw. AXn\m BIqSssNX\yn\v Alsa \maap
mbn.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
147
As\ BsWn ]cn]q\mbncnp Bmhn\v
icockw_w ]dbpIbm ]cnnXzw kw`hnpIbntbm
Fv kwibw hcmw.
Fm, icoc{XbhneWambncn\nanw Bmhn\v
]cnnXzw Hcp {]Imcnepw kw`hnpX. AXpsImv
AXp ]cn]qamIpp. B ssNX\yw Alw, Alw Fp
kv ^pcn p tm (tXm p tm) \nhn Im c am bn cn bm
AXn\p hnImcw ]dbm ]mSn. `qXImcyamb Almcw PU
amIbm AXn\p Alsap tXmphm IgnIbn. ]ns
GXn\v IgnbpsamsWn; ]cam`qXamb ssNX\yw Xs
AlmctmSp tNp sImv Alw hrnbn (Rms\
tXmen) tim`npp. BIbm Cu AlmchrntbmSp
IqSnb Poh Alw]Zns hmNymamIpp. PlZPl
WsImv PUamb Cu hmNyms XyPnv ssNX\y
am {X amb IqS s\ {Kln pI F XmWv Alw ] Z ns
eymw. C\n {_ i _v Zs ]cn tim [n mw. AXns
hmNymw Cuizcs\mIpp. AXp app {]Xn]mZnnp
Xm I bm C\n eym s n Nnn mw. kz X Zm
]qambpw, X\np ImcWambn appw Imcyambn ]npw Hcp
hkvXphpw CmXmbpw, Xn Bt[bambn asmcp hkvXp
hnmsXbpw bmsXmp tim`nppthm GIambpw ambmXoX
ambpancnp BssNX\yas{X {_i_vZns eymw.
Akvan]Zw
Alw]Zeymamb IqSssNX\yhpw {_]Ze
ymamb \ncp]m[nI {_ssNX\yhpw Xnep sFIy
amWv Akvan]Zns eymw.
Xzakn
kmath Z n eps Omtm tKym ] \n j ns Bdmw
Aymbnse Hcp hmIyamWv Xzakn FXv. {_hnZy
bpsS kvXpXn]camb Hcp AhmZIYtbmSpIqSnbXmWv B
Aymbw. AcpW]p{X\mb DmeIs\ aljnv tizX
tIXp Fp t]cp Hcp aI\pmbncpp. ]nXmhv Ahs\
NXptZ almhmIy
digitized by www.sreyas.in
148 AssZzXNnm]Xn
]{mas hbn KpcpIpen Ayb\n\mbnbp.
Ah B KpcpIpen Xmaknv ]{p hjw sImv,
jUwKtfmSpIqSn thZ apgph ]Tnp. Xm k
\msWv IcpXn tizXtIXp KhnjvT\mbnop. ]{p
hjmes hn[n ]qIamb Ayb\ns tijw hn\bw
teiw t]mepanmsX AlmcnbmbnmWv Ah kzKrln
tebvp aSnbXv. kamKX\mb Xs ]p{X\n hnZysImp
mtI hn\bmZnKpW ImWmbvIbm DmeI Ak
pjvSa\kvI\mbnop. ]p{Xs Cu tZmjsf ]cnlcn
pXn\pthn Hcn Ahs\ ASp hnfnv DmeI
Cs\ tNmZnp. {]nb]p{Xm, tizX tItXm, \o FmWns\
k\y\mbnpw hn\bclnX\mbnpw ImWsSpXv ?
D]mymb\n\nv C{Xbpw Imew sImv \n\v Fp ta
bm Wp m bXv ? \o D]m ym b t\mSv B BtZ i s n,
bmsXmp tImemtWm tImXv tIXmbpw, Nnnm
Xv NnnXmbpw, \nbnmXv \nbnXmbpw XocpXv,
imkv{XmNmtcym]tZi sImv t_m[nstS AXns\
n, tNmZnpthm? CXptIv AXypXtmSpIqSn Xs A
Xsb a\nemn Atbm `Khmt\,B BtZiw Fns\bp
XmWv? Fv tizXtIXp ]nXmhnt\mSp tNmZnp. Xs ]p{X
k\msWp kzbw Alcnncpsnepw, Xs tNmZyw
{inp tIXn\ptijw C\nbpw Adntb {][m\Imcy
Dsm Fp hnNmcnv Hcp ]IzaXnbpw Pnmkphpambn
oncnpXmbnv DmeI hmXvkeytmSpIqSn]d
Xv. Atbm {]nbZi\, bmsXmns\ AdnmemtWm
Fmnt\bpw AdnbpXv, B {_Xzs shfnsSpp
hnZy \n\v D]tZinp Xcmw, Fmbncpp. ]nXmhn\nv
A{ipX]qamb Cu hnZymk{Zmbsntnv, Fs Kpcp
Ipen thZmyb\w sNn Kpcpm alpfmbncp
snepw Ah Cu hnZymk{Zmbw {Klnncnm\nSbn. Ah
AXp {Kln n cp s n Ah cpsS hm ey `m P \ am bn cp
F\nv AXv D]tZinpXcnIXs sNpambncpp. AXpsImv
A\\yZp`amb B D]tZiw, Atbm IcpWm\n[nbmb hy
]n Xm th, k \mb Kptcm, Ahn Sps ic Wm K X \mb
F\np shfn s Spnc Wta!Fv kmjv Smw K {] Wn ]m X
digitized by www.sreyas.in
149
]qw tizXtIXp {]mnp. CXptIv kpjvSa\kvI\mbn
o DmeIaljn D]tZi{Ias D]{Ianp.
ktZh tkmtay Z a{K BkoXv GI ta hm ZznXobw
(Atbm kuay, \macq]mIambn ImWsSp Cu {]]w
apv, GIambpw AZznXobambpancnp kXv{_w am{Xambn
cp p) Fm Wv . XpSv Aym tcm ]m ] hm Z bp n Isf ]e
ZrjvSmtfmSp IqsS {]Zinnnv B Xz{]Xn]mZ\w D]
kwlcnXv.kbGtjmfWnssaXZmyanZw kw XXv kXywk
Bm Xzakn tizXtItXm. (Cu PKns ImcWambpw
kqvaambpw Ccnp Xzw bmsXmmtWm AXpXsbmWv
Cu PK{Zqt]W `mknpXv. AXpXsbmWv kXyw. AXmWv
Bmhv, {_w. Atbm tizXtIXm, \o B BmhmIpp.)
Fmbncpp. apIfn ImWn AhmZIYmIY\cqt]W
bp {]Xn]mZ\w sImv thZw Xzakn almhmIys F{X
am{Xw kvXpXnppsp hyambsm. C\nbpw B alm
hmIysn \app Nnnmw. XXv ]Zns hmNymw
Cuizcs\pw Xzw ]Zns hmNymwPohs\pwBIpp.
k\mb Cuizc\pw, Inn\mb Poh\pw HpXs
bmsWp ]dbpXv bpnbpa. AXn\m PlZPl
WsImv XXv Xzw]ZfpsS hmNymamb Cuizct\bpw
Poht\bpw Xn eymamb IqSssNX\ytbpw {_
tbpw {KlnWw. As\bmbm Ah cpw Htc ssNX
\yamsWp Akn ]Zmw kaRvPkw Xs.
Abamm {_
Cu almhmIyw AYWthZneps amqtIym]
\n j n ep Xm W sm. kw tlyXXv {_ (CsXmw
{_w Xs) Fp]tZinnv B Xzss kzm\p`h
cqt]W shfnsSpp Hcp hmIyamWv Abamm {_
FXv. Abw Bm {_ FXn\v Cu Bmhp {_am
Ipp FmWv Aw. ChnsSbpw ap hmIyfnsetmse
Bm FXn\p Poh Fpw, {_ FXn\v Cuizc
s\pw hmNymamIpp. hmNymfpsS sFIyw tbmPn
mbvIbm eymss AwKoIcntnbncnpp.
NXptZ almhmIy
digitized by www.sreyas.in
150 AssZzXNnm]Xn
AXn\m ChnsSbpw cp ]Zpw (B {_) bYm
{Iaw IqSssNX\ysapw \ncp]m[nI {_sNX\ysapw
eymamsWv IpsImWw. {]kvXpX hmNInse
Abw i_vZn\v A]tcm ({]Xy) hnjbw FmWw.
AXn\m Abamm FXn\v Bmhv A]tcm kzcq]
\msWv Am Inpp. Bmhv {]Xy hnjbamsW
n LSmZnIsftmse Zriyambpw (thZmimkv{X{]Imcw Zriy
samw PUamsWmWv knmw) Xnanw PUambpw Xocp
Ibnt, Fsmcp BibpmIpw. Fm AXs\b.
Bmhv LSmZnItftmse Zriytam PUtam A Xs. A
s\ bm sW n kzm Zn I sf tmse AZr iysam ]tcm sam
BbncntXt, Fv tNmZntbvmw. Hcnepw Bmhv
AZr iyhpw ]tcm hp a . Fp sIm s m LSm Zn I sf
tmse Zriyasp hp ]tcmamIWsan. thZmimkv{X
n A] tcmw cp hn [ ap v . LS ] Sm Zn h kv Xp sf
AxIcWhrn C{nbZzmcm shfnsSppXn\v C{nb
fpw hnj b fp am bn p kw_ n\n p m Ip
m\n\v C{nb{]Xyw Fpw B C{nb{]Xyhnj
bfmb LS]SmZnIsfpdndnbp mXmhns\nbp
A\p`hn\v C{nbmXoX{]Xyw (B{]Xyw) FpamWv
t]cp ]dbpXv. C{nbhnjb kzbw PUfmbXpsImv
Ahsb {]Iminnm AxIcWhrnbpsS BhiyIXbp
v. Fm kzbw {]Imiamb Bmhv hrntbtmepw {]Im
innpsImv A]tcmcqt]W hnpXn\m apd
]q] \ncIfmsWp ImWmw. C{Xbpw sImv
Bmhns kz{]ImimA]tcmXzw \ncmt]ambn knn
phsm.
Pm{KXvkz]v\kpjp]XyhIfn qekqvaImcW
icoc Dmbn \inpsImncnptmgpw bmsXmcp amhp
anmsX Ahbvv A[njvTm\ambpw kmnbmbpw A]tcm
cq t]W {]tim `n p IqS ssN X\yw B i _v Z ns
eymamsWp a\nemtXmIpp.
\macq]mIamb BImimZnk{]]tbpw Ahbv
[njvTm\amb ambsbsbpw XzZrjvSym A]{KYnptm
Ahtijnp A\nhN\obamb knZm\kzcq]amWv {_
digitized by www.sreyas.in
151
i _v Z ns eymw. A] tcm kz cq ] \mb IqS
XsbmWv knZm\ ]cn]qkzcq]amb ]c{_sav Ab
amm{_ F almhmIyw sImp shfnsSpp. Cs\
{_mssIy{]Xn]mZIfmb NXptZalmhmIy hnh
cnsp.
\mep thZ fp tSbpw ]c a eyw Poh {_ ss Iys
{]t_m[nnpIbmsWv Cu thZmalm hmIy Dss
kvXcw DZvtLmjnpp. Cu hmIy \mentbpw Dtiw Hm
sW n Ah \mep thZ fn \mep Xc n ImW s
Sphm\p ImcWsamsWv Hcp tNmZyw hcmw. AXn\p kam
[m\w Cs\bmWv.
thZw qeZrjvSnbn \msep ]dbpp Fnepw kqva
ZrjvSnbn AXv HmsWp ImWmw. As kv^pcnnpI
FXmsWsm i_vZns Dtiw. i_vZkzcq]amb thZw
Pohs {]]mImtcWbp AxIcWhrnsb sISp
hn[w hrnsb Dmn {_Xzms shfnsSpp
hm thnbpXmIpp. {]Xn]mZyamb hnjbw Hp am{Xam
b Xp sImv {]Xn ]m Z Ihpw Hm sWp Inpw. AXp sImp
{_{]Xn]mZIamb thZw Hpam{Xtabpq Fp sXfnbpp.
B \nebn Htc Hcp thZnse ImcyImcW_tmSp
IqSnb \mep hmIyfmWv {]m\w {_ CXymZn \mepw.
F s\ sb m A\m Zy hn Zy bn apgp In bn cn p
injy\v {]m\w {_ F Hmas hmIyw BNmcy
D]tZinp sImSppp. Atm, {]m\saXv FmsWp
injy tNmZnpp.
AXn\v Alw F A\p`hamsWp Kpcp\mY D
chpw ]dbpp. Poht`Zw A\pkcnv At\Iw Al Dm
bncnp nXnbvv Ahbn GXmWv {]m\w Fp
injys hopap tNmZyn\v PothizcmXoXambncnp {_
sa As pdnp aqmwhmIyw(Xzakn) D]tZ
inpp. AXptIp injy, Atbm kzman, Pothizcmcpw
XZp]m[nIfpw Xstm Xs ssZzXambnt]mbntbm? F
s\sbm Cm Hns\ Xm IgnbpIbnsm, Fv
Binpp. B Bisb ]cnlcnm Xm {_kzcq]amb
NXptZ almhmIy
digitized by www.sreyas.in
152 AssZzXNnm]Xn
BmhmsWv A]tcmambdnbptm Pothizcmcpw Ah
cpsS D]m[nIfpw cpm\m kw (cphn Ievn
s kw) F t]mse _m[nsSpIbm ssZzXitb
Csv Abamm {_ F \memas hmIym BNm
cy D]tZinpp. Fns\sbm Am\Iev]nXamb
cpkw aqpImepw cphnenmXpt]mse Pothizc
mcpw XZp]m[nIfpw Ime{Xbnepw {_nen. Dsp
tXmpXn\p ImcWw Am\amWv. Iev]nXhkvXpv
A[njvTm\n \nv `nambnv Hcp kbnmbvIbm Ah
Ftmgpw A[njvTm\mIfmbnt Ccnq. AXn\m Poth
izcmsctbm D]m[nItftbm \opI Fpshm {_m\w
sImp \nhnpI FmWw. C{Xbpw sImv ssZzX
iv Ah Imi an sp ImWm Ign p htm? AXn \m
Atbm injym, PohXzw, {_mWmZnh, {_NmcymZym
{ia, jUv`mh, jUqnI, kpJw, ZpxJw, IhyX,
BKmanknX {]mc_v [ I, Chsbmpw Ime{Xbnepw
\ns kv]inpX. \o kPmXobhnPmXob kzKXt`Zcln
Xamb knZm\mssZzX{_kzcq]w XsbmsWv Adnp
sImtXmIpp.
BNm cy ap J n\nv alm hm Iyms C{] Imcw
{ihn injy, a\\\nZnymk\ sImv Am\Iev]n
Xamb _s \innv Xm m\kzcq]amb {_amsW
dnpWv PohapnZisb {]m]nv IrXIrXy\mbno
cpp.
CXmWv knm t_m [ I fmb alm hm Iy fpsS
{]tbmP\w.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
153
VI
{ipXnkmcalmhmIy{]IcWw
Ign {]I c W n Cui Po hm Zn cq t]W tXmp
\m\mXzs \on AssZzX{_s kzkzcq]n Xm\m
bnv kmmXvcnWsap {]Xn]mZnp. {]Xn]mZnXamb
B AssZzX t_m[ns ZmVyn\pthn {ipXnkmcalm
hmIysf hnhcnm\mWv Cu {]IcWw sImv DtinpXv.
{]]kzcq]w {_.
GItahmZznXobw {_.
`mhm`mhmXoXw {_.
kzm\p`hmXoXw {_.
Ch \mepamWv {ipXnkmcalmhmIy. Ahbn {]]
kz cq]w {_ F hmIy s s BZy ambn ]cn
tim[nmw.
{]]kzcq]w {_
{]]ns kzcq]w kz`mhw, k{_amIpp.
FmWv CXns Aw. {_sIqSmsX {]]an. BI
bm {]]kzcq]w{_w Fp kmcw. {]]hnjbIambn
ChnsS At\Iw ]q] DmImw. Fns\sbm
{]]n\p ImcWw {_amsWp {ipXnIfn ]dbpp.
kap{Zn XcwKmZnIsft]mse {_n {]]w hrn
]ambncnppthm? ]m ssXcmbXpt]mse ]cnWma ]
ambncnppthm? ]nXmhn \nv ]p{X DmIpXpt]mse
Bcw`]ambncnppthm? ({]]n\p {_w \nanIm
cWambncnppthm, Fw) AYhm {_ttmse Xs
{]]hpw \nXy]ambncnppthm? cphn ksa
digitized by www.sreyas.in
154 AssZzXNnm]Xn
t]mse {_n {]]w hnh]ambncnppthm?
Fns\bmIpp, B BiI. Cu ]sfsbmw ]cn
tim[np t\mnbm {]]w cphn kw t]mse {_
n hnhw BsW p ]mcn ti jnI knm amb
hnh]w am{XamWv AwKoImcysap ImWmw.
hrnhmZw
kap {Z n ep m Ip Xcw Km Zn I fpsS Dev ] n sb bm
sWtm hrn]sap ]dbpXv. B XcwKmZnI kap{Z
ns ebnpw ImWpp. AXpt]mse {_n Cu
{]]w hrncqt]WbpmIpp Fp ]dm B {_
n Xs Cu {]]w ebnpw ImtWXmWv. Fm thZm
imkv{Xw {]]w {_n ({]]w CmXmIbm
AXn\p ebapsp ]dp IqSm.Imcyw ImcWneSp
XmWv ebw. cpkw CmXmIbm AXv cphn ebn
pn imkv{Xfn ebnpp Fp ]dbpXv am[nIm
cnIsf DtinmWv. knm]a.) ebnpXmbn knm
tXz\ AwKoIcnpn. AXpsImv hrn]w {]IrX
n\p tbmPnX.
]cnWmahmZw
]m ssXcmIpXpt]mse Hcp hkvXp asmmbnocp
Xn\mWsm ]cnWmasap ]dbpXv. AXpt]mse {_w,
{]]w (CuiPohmZn cqt]W tXmp PKv) Bbn ]cnW
anpn. ]m ssXcmIWsan ckmckwtbmKw (]pfn
apXembh) BhiyamWv. {_n\np `nambn asmcp
hkvXphnmXn\m B ]cn]q hkvXphn ]cnWmaw LSn
bn. Xsbpa, ]cnWXamb hkvXp ]qnXnsb {]m]n
pIbnsp \apdnbmw. ssX ]membnocpnspXv
AXn\pZmlcWamWv. Fm apmhbn PohmZnk{]
]hpw {_kzcq]ambnocpp Fp thZ knmnp
Xn\m {]]w {_ns ]cnWmaamsWp ]w \nc
kvXambn.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
155
Bcw`hmZw
Bcw`]saXv ImcWn\nv hn`namb Imcyw
Dm Ipp F Xm Wv . ]nXm hn\n p mb ]p{X\pw B
]nXmhpw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw ImWsSpphsm. Fm {_
n Btcm]nXamb {]]w B {_n\nv Aev]hpw
thdnncnbvmbvIbm Bcw`]hpw {]IrXn tbmPnp
n.
\nXyXzhmZw
\nXysaXv, \miclnXambn Fmepw hnpI
FXmWsm. {]]amIs \izcambn ImWpXpsImpw
{]fbImen \inpsap imkv{X ]dbpXpsImpw
{_stmse \nXya. AXn\m \nXy]hpw {]IrXn
\\ptbmPya.
hnhhmZw
Cs\ hrn, ]cnWmaw, Bcw`w, \nXyw F \mep ]
fpw {]]tmev]np tbmPnXsnv, hnh]w
tbmPnpsXs\, FmsWn ]dbmw: Hcp hkvXphn\p
bmsXmcp hnImchpanmXncnthXs AXp asmmsWp
tXmpXn\p hnhsap]dbpp. Fs\sbm cp
hmIs \nnImcambncnptmXs AXp kambn tXmp
Xv A\p`hknamb HmWsm.
AXpt]mse \nhnImcambncnp {_ns hnh
amWv {]]w. {_w \nnImcambncnthXs {]]ambn
tXmpp Fp kmcw. CXmWp hnh]ns kz`mhw.
{]]w hyh lm c aam W sm. A s\ bn cns AXp
hnhw (Iev]nXw) BsWss\ ]dbm Ignbpw? Fp
tNmZnpp Fn, cpkw, hnhamsWnepw `bI
mZnInSw sImSpbm {]XoXnImep hyhlmcaam
bnpXs ImWsSpp. AXpt]mse {]]hpw hnham
sWnepw \macq]Iev]\bm kIe hyhlmcpw Ahkcw
sImSppp, Fv Dcw ]dbpw. As\bmsWn hnh
{ipXnkmcalmhmIy{]IcWw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
156 AssZzXNnm]Xn
]wHp am{Xw aXnbmbncptm. Fm CXc]tfbpw
imkv {Xw AwKoIcnXmbn ImWpp. AXn\p ImcWsav ?
Fsmcp tNmZyw hcmw. AXn\v, hnh]s Hgnp
CXc]sf knmtXz\ thZw AwKoIcnpn. B ]
sfmwXs hnh]neSpXmbnmWv thZw ]cn
KWnncnpXv. FmWp kam[m\w.
khmZka\zbw
CXc]sfmw hnhneSpsXs\sbp
]dbpp. cpkss DZmlcWns\Spmw. cp
hns {]YaZi\n AsXsp kqvaambn Adnns
nepw GtXm Hv Dsp Hcp {]XoXn (kmam\ym\w)
DmIpp. AXmWv hrn]w. ]ns CXp ]mmWsm
Fp tXmnbXv (As\ ]cnWanXv) ]cnWma]amIpp.
]noSv AXv CgbpXmbn tXmnbXv Bcw`]amWv. HSphn
AXp ]mpXs Fp \nbnv `bsSpp. B \nbamWv
\nXy]w. Cs\ Cu \mep ]fpw hnh]s
mn \nev p tX bp q. A Xp t]mse Zmjv Sm n I amb
kajvSn {]]ns Dsbpdnp kmam\ym\n\p
hrn Fpw \macq]mIambn tXmpXv ]cnWmasapw
IrI{Inbmcqt]W tXmpXv Bcw`sapw ncsap
tXmpXv \nXysapw ]dbsSpp. Cu \mep ]fpw
{]]w {_n hnhamsWp ]s ncs
SpptXbpq
AXpsImv hnhtXcfmb hyymZn]sf Ah
bpsS kzX { amb \ne \n ev ]n \p thn AwKo I cn X sp
ImWmw. cpkw bYmt_m[n cpam{Xambn tim`n
p Xp t]mse, hnh am bn cp {]]w thZm m \
m {_kzcq]ambn {]Iminpp.FmWv {]]kzcq]w
{_ F almhmIyns \njvIrjvSmw. A\p`hhncp
amb imkv{X{]Xn]mZ\w kzmKXmla. Rm, \o, Fp
kPm Xo b ambpw ]ip ] ym Zn Po hn I hnPm Xo b am bpw,
Hmtcmnep KpWt`Z kzKXambpw Ccnp t`Zs
At {]ZinnpXv? Cs\ \m\mXcnept`Zw {]]
digitized by www.sreyas.in
157
n \nXym \p ` h am bn cns {_w Hp am {X ta bpq
Fpw _mnsbmw hnhfmsWpw D imkv{Xkn
ms Fs\ AwKoIcnmw; Fpw kwibnpsn
]dbmw:
apIfn ]dbs \m\mXzm\p`hw {]Xy{]amWw sImv
knnppshmWsm B Bi kqNnnpXv. {]Xy
knamb Hns\ m]nm {ipXn Hcppn. Hcpnbm
knkm [\X F tZmjw kw` hn pw. kay Kv m \s
{]Zm\w sNp thZmimkv{Xw tZmjclnXamb HmWsm.
AXv {]XymZn {]amWp t]mepw {]amWambncnp
C{nbpw a\n\pw AXoXambncnp ipm\s
bmWv {]Zm\w sNpXv.B m\{]Imim, kqcy{]Im
i m A Im c sa t]m se, \m\m cq ] nm Wp
{]]w \mamhtijambnocpp. kz]v\mhbn {Xn]pSn
cqt]W hmkvXhambn tXmp {]]m\p`hw Pm{KZhbn
_m[nsSpXpt]mse Cu Pm{KZmZn{]]samw Xs
hmkv X h am sWp tXmn bmepwthZm hnNm c P \y amb
bYm t_m [ n _m[n s Sp I Xs sNpp Fp
kmcw. CuZrjvSnbnemWv {]]w hnhamsWp ]dXv.
GItahmZznXobw {_
Cu hnhamb {]]w \nhramIptmgp Ahm
csbmWv. GItahmZznXobw {_ F cmw hmIyw
hyampXv.
GItahmZznXobw {_ ({_w GIhpw AZznXobhpw
Xs bm Ip p) Cu hmIy n GIw {_ Fp am{Xw
t]mctbm. Gh AZznXobw {_ Fp ]dsXn\pthn
bmWv? FmsWn, GIsaXn kPmXobt`ZcmlnXyhpw,
Gh FXn hnPmXobt`ZcmlnXyhpw, AZznXobsaXn
kzKXt`ZcmlnXyhpw {]Iminpp. AXn\m Cu hmIynse
k]Zfpw D]] Xs, Fv Dcw ]dbpw.Atm
thsdmcp ]q ]w Dm Imw. Fns\ Fm, euInI
]Zmfn kPmXobhnPmXobkzKXt`Z {]Xyam
bncnpphtm. t\mpI! hrsfmw Hcp PmXnbnsn
{ipXnkmcalmhmIy{]IcWw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
158 AssZzXNnm]Xn
cpmepw, Bhrw,Aciphrw Fpt`Zw ImWsSp
XpsImv kPmXobt`Zhpw, ]mjmWmZnI hrPmXnv A\y
ambncnpIbm hnPmXobt`Zhpw, hrfn Xs ]{X]p
jv]^emZnI t`ZambntmpIbm kzKXt`Zhpw \apv
A\p`hsSppv. AXpt]mse Xs {_nepw t`Z{Xbw
ImWp p v . Fn s\ sb m, tNX \ Xzw sImv Hcp h
ns]Sphsbnepw Pohs\pw Cuizcs\pw hn`nam
bncnbm kPmXobt`Zhpw B Pothizcmcn \np PU
{]]w (Zriyfmb LS]SmZn hnjb) hneWambncn
bm hnPmXobt`Zhpw, knZm\KpW hn`nfmbn
cnbm kzKXt`Zhpw Dsp ImWmhpXmWv .Cs\
{_ n kPm Xo b hn Pm Xob kzK X t` Z Ds p
]q ]w qe Zr jv Snp icn bm sWp tXmm sa nepw
imkv{Xclkyadnh AXp \ncIamsWp a\nempw.
Fns\sbm, {_w Htc hkvXpXs A`nambn
\nantm]mZm\ImcWambncppsImv, kzbw krjvSnp, kzbw
{]thinp. Fp {ipXn tLmjnbm {_n\p kPmXo
b amb asmcp {_ an spw, AXp t]mse Xs Poth iz c
mp kPmXobt`Zanspw ImWmw. Pothizcmcn \np
]rYmb k BImimZn `qXnmbvIbm Ah, acpa
co Nn I t]mse, anYym `q X fm Ip p. F s\ sb m LS
]SmZnZriy{]]w Imev]\nIamWsm. ans\qSmsX LS
i cm hm Zn I fn m Xp t]mse {_ s q SmsX `qX `u XnI
{]]w {]tXyIan. t\{Xfm ImWsSp acpacoNnIm
{]hmlw kqcyIncWs Hgnp thsdmcphkv Xp AmXp
t]mse A\yambntmp {]]hpw AkvXn `mXn{]nb
(knZm) eWamb {_sqSmsXthsd Hcp hkvXph.
AXn\m hnPmXobt`Zn\pahImian. knZm\ KpW
f. KpWv BKam]mbnXzapv. Fm {_n
knZm\ A_m[nXamsWp thZn \np {ihn
sSpIbm Ah aqpw {_ns kzcq]w XsbmWv. AXn
\m kzKXt`Zhpan. Cu {]kvXmhw sImv {_n Bi
n t`Z{Xbw Abpambncpp Fp sXfnp. Cs\ GI
ta hm ZznXobw {_ F alm hm Iy m {_ ns
hnhImcyamb CuiPohmZn {]]w A]hZnsp.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
159
`mhm`mhmXoXw {_
hnhcq]ambnsnepw ImWs {]]w\nanw Imc
Wamb B {_n\p hnImcw Dmbnptm Fminpp
Fn `mhm`mhmXoXw {_ F aqmas hmIyw AXn\p
kam[m\w ]dbpp.
BhmIyns Aw:{_w, `mhn\pw (DXn\pw)
A`mhn\pw (CmXn\pw) AXoXw (ApdncnpXv
ASmsX ISncnpXv) BIpp. DXmb {_inpw
CmXmb {]]n\pw ApdpsXp kmcw.
ChnsS Hcp ]q]apmImw. Fs\sbm, k{Zq
]in, Nn{Zq]in, B\cq]in Ch aqpamWsm {_
inI. Ch {]]Iev]\bv[njvTm\ambncnpp. Ch
bvpapdamWv {_sap ]dm Chtbbpw Xtnh
cpp. A[njvTm\amb ChbpsS m\anmXncpm Am
\ambntmIpw. BIbm A[njvTm\s ({_inIsf)Xn
fbphm ]mSn. CXn\pcw ]dbmw.A[njvTm\apsn
Btcm]hpapv. BIbm `mhcq]amb k{Zq]iymZy[njvTm
\tbpw {]]cq]amb Btcm]tbpw XnftbXmWv.
Ah ]ckv]cw kmt]fmIbm (A[njvTm\apsnte
Btcm ] ap q. Btcm ] ap s nte A[n jv Tm \ ap q) Ah
bvsmn\pw Xs kzX{amb Hcp \ne\nevnsv Adnb
Wsap kmcw. A[njvTm\mtcm] CmhbmsWn
kImepw {_m\p`hapmbncntXs, FmsWn
A\p`hs AwKoIcnm, A\p`hnph, A\p`hns
SpXv Fp cnt\qSn AwKoIcntn hcpw. Atm {Xn]p
Snbmbn. CXp {]]amWv AXp hmkvXhasp t\cs ]d
npsm. Fp Xsb, {_m\p`hw FXn\p {_
ns A\p`hw Ftm, {_amIp A\p`hsatm Aw
]dbmw. ChbnteXmWp hnh Fv Adntbnbncnpp.
{_ ns A\p `hw ({_w Rms\ p \n b
t_m[w) FmsWn {_kw_amb A\p`hsaw
hcpw. A\p ` hn p Xv , A\p ` hn s Sp Xv Fv ssZzXw
(cs Ah) hp tNcpw. AXwKoImcyamsWn kZvKpcp
{ipXnkmcalmhmIy{]IcWw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
160 AssZzXNnm]Xn
imkv{X aptJ\ hnNmcndn hnNmcm\w Xs {_m\p
`qXn Fp ]dbWw
C\n,{_wXsbmW\p`hw Fp ]dm B A\p
`hn\m{ibambnv asmns\qSn AwKoIcntnbncnp
p.AhntSbpw B{ibm{ibn B[mcmt[b A[njvTm\mtcm]
`mh hp tNcpp.
{_m \p ` h sa Xn\v Ch bn teXp ]s \n
kzoIcnpp.?
BZy]s AwKoIcnmsamsWn thZmhnNm
cm DZnXamb t_m[w Xs {_m\p`hsap ]dbWw.
Fm AhnsSbpw, AdnbpXv, AdnbsSpXv, Cs\ cp
\ne Dv. AXp {_m\p`ha. {_m\p`hsaXv m\w
am{X amb {_w X m \m IpI F Xm Ip p. Atm
Xn\np `nambn Xm\mhbpsS Am\w {_n\p
hcnIbnt? knZm\eWambn ]dbsSp {_n
XZzneWamb Am\s Btcm]npXv icnbmtWm?
Fp ]q ]n tNmZn p p sh n: Abm tfmSv knmn
tNmZnpXv, {_w Hp am{Xta Dq, CXc C Fn
cns CmhbpsS Am\w Fs\bpmIpsamWv .
am{X a , kn Zm \ kz cq ] ambn {]Im in pI Xs bmtWm
{_kz`mhw! Fp IqSnbmbncnpw. knZm\kzcq]amWv
{_eWsav ]q]n AwKoIcnp]w kps
n Akpapv. Nnpsn PUhpapv. B\aps
n Zp:xJhpapv. {_eWapsn ambmeWhpap
v. AXpsImv knZm\Xzw {_ans kzcq]asp
knnpp. CXpsImv {_kw_nbmb A\p`hsa BZy
]w bpnbpasp Iphsm?
AXpt]mseXs {_w Xs A\p`hamsWp ZznXo
b ] s AwKo I cn mepw ap d B[m c Xzm t[ b Xzm Zn
tZmjw hphimhpw. AXpsImv AXpw kzoImcya. AXn\m
e Wm(\n N \m)l fmb A[n jv Tm \ n\pw Btcm ]
n\pw AXoXamWv{_w F XXzw `mhm`mhmXoXw {_
F apmw hmIyw kv]jvSamn.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
161
kzm\p`hmXoXw {_
As\bmsWn A\nN\obamb `mhm`mhmXoX
amb {_kzcq]w A\p`hndnbpsXbs\bmsWv Hcp
tNmZyw hcmw. AXn\pcambn kzm\p`hmXoXw {_ F
\memw hmIyw Bcw`npp..{_w kzm\p`hn\XoXamsW
mWv AXns Aw A[njvTm\w, Btcm]w ChbpsS kw_
ancnp \nebvv kzm\p`hsap ]dbpp. AsXs\
sbm CuiPohmZncqt]Wbp {]]n\v A[njvTm\
ambpw kmnbmbpw Ccnp {_ssNX\yamWv Xms\p
A\p`hw thZmhnNmcP\ym\amIpp. AhnsS {_n
tbpw {]]ntbpw B[mcmt[b`mth\bp kw_w
kwkvmccqt]W hnppv. B kwkvmcw t]mepan
msX Xm am{XamsWp \nbn\mWv kzm\p`hsap
]dbpXv.B kzm\p`hhpw Xm am{Xambncnpp F \n
bhpw \inp tZmjclnXambpw A\nN\obambpancnp
kmkmam\ymhbmWv kzm\p`hmXoXw. AXv As{X {_
kzcq]w.
kzm\p`hw {_ Fp am{Xw ]dm aXnbmbncp
sm AXoX ]Zsan\mWv Fv BImwbpsn AXn
\pcw ]dbpp: kzm\p`hw FXv kev]amWv. Xmam{Xw
Fp \nbnepw kev]kv]i\apv. AXp hnIev]n
Xs sNpw. k ev ] samw hnI ev ]n p sa mWp imkv {X
\nbw. AXn\m AXp {_nXnb.
kzm\p`hsaXv Xm\mbn`hnp FXmsWn AXp
]cnWmaamIpw Atm AXp hnImcsSpIbpw sNpw. AXp
sImv kzm\p`hhpw {_`mha.
C\nbpw Xm\mbnp Xs Ccnpp FmWv kzm\p`h
sa n AXp kam [n bm Ipw, kam [n F Xv {_ `m h n\p
({_{]m]vXnv) km[\amIbm AXp kmyamb {_kz
cq]a.
A[njvTm\s hnv Xm {]]m[njvTm\amb {_
amsWp \nbs XyPnv CcnpI FXmWv kzm\p`
hsan AhnsS XyPnpI,XyPnsSpI F ssZzXmh
bpmIpw. AXn\m AXpw {_a.
{ipXnkmcalmhmIy{]IcWw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
162 AssZzXNnm]Xn
shdpsX NpmsX CcnpIbmWv kzm\p`hsan,
B \ne aqVamIpw. AXn\m AXpw {_a.AXpsImv C{n
bpw a\n\pw AXoXambn A\nhN\obambncnp
tIhemhbmWv X\n Adnhpam{XamWv {_w. AXn\m
{_w kzm\p ` h a . ]ntbm kzm\p ` hm XoXw Xs bm Wv .
C{Xbpw sImv kzm\p`hmXoXw {_ F almhmIyw bp
XaamsWp Ip Ignp.
Cs\ {ipXnkmcalmhmIysImv {_mhm\w
shfn s Sp n. F s\ sb m Xz a kymZn alm hm
IysImv Poth iz c km n bmbn {]Im in p IqS
{_ssNX\yamWv Xms\p t_m[n injy\v {]mc_v[him
kmyamb kmnhnjbamb {]]ns `m\w (tXm)
DmIpp Fn As\ tXmp {]]hpw {_kzcq]
amsWv {]] kz cq]w {_ F hmIyw sIm p ] tZ in
pp. {]]w {_kzcq]amsWnepw AXp {_n kap
{Zn XcwKmZnIsft]mse Awi`mth\bmtWm hnp
sXp kwibapmIpp. Fn B kwib\nhrnp
thn cphn ksat]mse, {]]w {_n Hcp
Imepw DmbnnmXn\m {_w kPmXobhnPmXobkz
KXt`ZclnXamsWpw AXn\m ]cn]qamb B {_n
AwiIev]\bvhImianspw GItahmZznXobw {_ F
alm hmIyw A\p im kn p p. {_ n\pw {]] n \pw
Awimwin`mhansnepw hnhnhnh (A[njvTm\mtcm])
`mhapsp kXnWw. {]mXn`mknIamb cpkn\p
Wt\csanepw cpkzcq]s adbvm Ignbpp. AXp
t]mse Iev]nXamb {]]n\pw {_kzcq]s adbvm
Ignbpatm FmsWn B {_w ]cn]qasp ]d
tbn hcpw .]cn]q hkvXphns\ adbvm asmnsm.
AXn\m Hcp Imepw {_n {]]Iev]\ Dmbnn.
AXpsImv {_w hnhntbm {]]w hnhtam A.
D]kwlmcw
Cs\ hym]p{Xt\m, iihnjmWtam t]mse \maam
{Xambncnp {]]w CmXmIbm B Cmbvabvpw
A`m h n\pw; B A`m h {] Xo Xnsb At] nv Dsp
digitized by www.sreyas.in
163
tXmp `mhcqt]W hnp {_inIpw Ap
damWv {_sapthZm]caknmsbmWv `mhm`mhm
XoXw {_, F almhmIywsImp {]Jym]\w sNpXv.
icn! Dspw Cspw D Iev]\bvpdamWv {_san
B A\p`hw X\npmtIXt, Fp kwibnpp Fn
`mhm`mhmXoXcqt]W hnp B {_w XmXsbmI
bm X\np Xs A\p`hw DmIpIsbXp IIr
tZmjZpjvSamWv (Imhpw Ihpw HmIpI F tZmjw)
AXv Hcnepw kw`mhya. AXn\m B {_w A\p`hn\pw
AXoXamIpp F hmkvXhtbmWv kzm\p`hmXoXw {_
F hmIyw hnfw_cw sNpXv. Cs\ Cu \mep {ipXn
kmc alm hm Iy tfbpw hnNm cn dn h Xs bmWv
IrXm\pw IrXIrXy\pw Fv {ipXnI tLmjnpp
apIfn ]dbs Xzsfmw \Xpt]mse ]Tndnv
Acw {]Xn a\\w sNWw. XZ\cw Cu temIw apgph
AJ]cn]qknZm\]c{_kzcq]amsWpw hyn
t`ZtfmSp IqSnmWp khNcmNcfpw ]camn
CmXmsWpw Ah DXmsWp tXmpXv tNcm ]mSn
m hkvXpsf IqntpXn AXn hnZKbmb amb
bpsS PmehnZysImmsWpw hnizknWw. Cu hnizmktm
SpIqSnbpw ncamb sshcmKytmSpIqSnbpw ImWpXnepw
tIpXnepw hnNmcnpXnepw kv]inpXnepw Fp
am{Xa Fmnepw \nKpW{_w aWnIfn kq{Xsat]mse
hym]nncnpp Fp InWw. Cs\ CShnSmsX k
evnp ioenptm temIw apgph Xn ASnbncnp
Xmbpw Xm kZm {]] hym ]v X \mbpw Ccn p Xp
ImWmw. Atm kevhnIsImp ]e hgnp ]X
dp a\v IWn Immt]mepw Dmbncnbn. Altah
]cw {_{_mlw F PohapmhbmWXv. AXp
kmZnh\t{X Pohp. CXmWp a\pjy Ptmtiyw. CXp
XsbmWv ]camNmcymcpsS AaqeyXzcXv\w. AXn\m
ka\pjycpw Cu {Kn ]dnp GsXnepw Hcp
amnqSn Pkm^eyw hcpphm ]cn{iantXm
Ipp.
{ipXnkmcalmhmIy{]IcWw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
164 AssZzXNnm]Xn
VII
at\m\miw ipmssZzX`mh\
a\kpw kwkmc_hpw
injy: ]caKptcm, kIeimkv{Xfnepw Bm\
aS almmcpsS Ncn{Xfnepw at\m\miw IqSmsX alZp]
im]Zhnbmb A`b{_{]m]vXn e`nbnspw B at\m
\m i n \p thn hfsc alm m A[nIw {]bm k s n p
spw B at\m\miw AXnITn\sapw Fm Nne ev
AXv eLpshpw ImWsSpp. BIbm at\m\miw {]m]nv
B\w knnpXn\p ams AhnSpcpfnsm I\n
hpmIWw.
BNmcy: kuaym, \o tNmZnXv Ghpw clkyambnp
XpXsbmWv. Cu a\mIs Bmhns hnkvXrXambn
cnp hym]I (A[nItZihrn) n \npw DZnXmWv.
CXpNcmNcfmb At\Iw tImSn {_maesf Xs
AWpam{Xamb Hcwin Dtm, Ctbm, Fp \nebn
AS n shpsImv cp hn tXmnb k sa t]mse
Bmhn tXmnpw tXmnmsXbpw {]Iminp \nevpw.
(krjv Sn bnepw, Pm{KXv kz]v \ fnepw Dsp tXmn pw.
kpjp]vXnbnepw {]fbnepw, aq, acWw apXemb Ah
Ifnepw Csp tXmnpw.) Cu a\v kwkmcamIp Hcp
N\hrs Xs kev]w sImv Iev]nnpv; B hr
n\v qekqvaImcWicocfmIp aqp kvI (Ih
cw)fpw Ahm{XbamIp imtJm]imJIfpapv. icoc{X
bn Al, aaX, (Rm FtXv) F A`nam\fm
Ip XeIfpXpw hnjbfmIp ITn\hnjsf DZzan
npXpamb Almcsa ks kzkevwsImv P\n
nv AXns\sImv B hrs Npn, km[mc {_ ssNX
\yhpw alm k pw B\ \n [n bp amb B h kv Xp hns\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
165
kzmam{X (Xs kzcq]w am{Xambnv)ambn A\p`hnpXn
tebvv Xcw hcmsX XShp sNbvXpsImncnpw. AmsXbpw
AXp almaqJ\mb CcpXeaWnb ]mpIWv BhcWhn
t] (abhpw Cfhpw)fmIp {Iqchnjw Xpfpnbncn
p cp inIsf Xs cp tImSnIfnepw cpXeIsf
tmsebpZnnv AXpIsfsmpw B B\\n[nsb Bp
aSppXntebvp]ImcsSmhn[w hnPrw`nnpsImncn
pw. Xn hnt]in{]`mhm NcmNmcmIfmb
At\ItImSn {_maefmIp {]]s ImSn
bn \Kcsat]mse Wam{XnepZnnv AXntebvp ]
IrXyw (krjvSn, nXn, kwlmcw, Xntcm`mhw, A\p{Klw.) \S
nhcp {_hnjvWpcp{ZatlizckZminhsc ]Im
sf B IrXyfne `n am \n p Xp t]m se bm nsbv Xv
AXns\ \oXn t]mse \S nv Fm h scbpw ssZzX {] ]w
(Bm hn \nv `n ambn, Adn bp h, Adn b s Sp
hnjb Fv cp hn[n tXmp Cu temIw) kXy
ambnpsXv hnizknnpsImncnpw. IqSmsX Xs k
ev n ep Zn qe kq v a fmb ] `q X sf Hcp `mKw
ipPUw t]msebpw Hcp `mKw tNX\w t]msebpw ImWnv
PUmPUfmb CcphIpn\pw kmnbmbn Nnm{Xambn {]Im
inp km[njvTm\ssNX\ys ChI\ysav Xncn
dnbpXn\nSbmImhn[w \Insbt]mse \SnpsImv
\nevpw. taepw, BImip Npgp hcp CSno F hw
cp tImSnIfnepw (Aw, A{Kw) ]nSnp P\\acWamIp
Xo{hmnbn InSp Pohmsc kwkmcamIp almImi
n \nebnm hn[nenp Npgn AhXn\mepmIp
Zp:Jsf \nhnpXntebvp amw ImWm ]mSn
m {]Imcw ]cnX]nnpw. Hcp k`n {]]sf
iq\y (Cm Xm bn) ambnmn, asmcp k` n, Hcp
icocn \JinJ]cyw kqNnIpm\nSanmsX ]pds
akq cn bp ] {Z h s tmse Fhn sSbpw \ma cq ] fm bnv \nd
bvpw. ImfIqS hnjsm Ghpw ITn\ambn klnh
m Pzmem) (hnjhocyw= Dujvamhv) amemIpeambp Ime
sa Hcp XXzs X\nv A t` Z amb in bm n sImv
tZhmXnv, ]ip, ]n, arKmZnIfmb NchkvXpfmIs,
qe]{`qXfmb ANchkvXpfmIs, CXpIsf alm
at\m\miw ipmssZzX`mh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
166 AssZzXNnm]Xn
Imfcm{Xn (almImcw) Zriy sf ImWm Ignbmhn[
n, hngppXp (aqSpXp)t]mse I_foIcWw sNbvI
FXv klP{]hrnbmbnv Btcbpw aqnnpw. (abpw=
t_m[w sISppw). AmsXbpw Xm Ievns {ipXn
kvarXoXnlmk]pcmWmKafmIp imkv{Xfn ]dbs
]pWy]m]fmIp h{P (CSnhogvN) ]mXm Btcbpw Xe
s]mpXntebvv hnSmsXbnv ]cnX]nnpw. C{]Imcap
Cu a\v Bpw Xs A[o\sv \inp F hyhlmcw
Zp`w XsbmWv, Fp hcnInepw AXns\ Pbnv B B\
\n[nsb \ncfambn A\p`hnpamdpff D]mbw ]dbmw.
a\ns\ \innphm\p D]mbw
AXnhnkvXmcap {_mtImSnIsf Xs AWpam
{X]cnWmaamb kev]tZineSn, DtXm, CmtXm
Fv inhw A\amb hym]I alnatbmSpIqSnbn
cnp Hp XsbmWoa\v Fp hcnInepw thZmimkv{Xm
\p`qXn kq\pw IcpWm\n[nbpamb kZvKpcp\mYs D]tZi
_etmSpIqSn AXns\ Dpt\mp (kpkqvaw ]cntim[n
pI) ]w AXns inbvv A{]Imcw tamlnnm Ign
bpIbn. LS]SmZnIfpsS k, (IpSw, hkv{Xw apXembhbpsS
D) avp, \q apXembh IqSmsX knnbn. AXpt]mse
Cu a\ns kev]w IqSmsX ap]d {]]hpw knn
bn. LSs t\{Xw Imepw B t\{Xs a\v Adn
psImpXp{]Imcw, Cu {]]w, XZm[mcamb B k
ev]w, AXns DZbm\amb tIhew a\sv ]dbsXpw
\nnImcwt]mse CcnpXpw Afhps]SmXpamb hym]I
hrn, (AJambn ]cnWan AxIcWhrn). CXpI
GXp{]ImcnepZnp{]Iminpp FpXns\ hnthIm\p
`qXn klnXw Nnnpt\mnbm Dnencnp s\n
\n sb t]mse \nw i b ambn {Zjv Smhns m\ Zr jv Snp
Zriyambn ImWsv apd ZrjvSm{]Imcw Cu {ZjvSmhns
m\ZrjvSnbneSnbXmbpw PUambpw Xs {]Imimep
Znp {]IminpXmbpw LSn arv hym]nv BLSw
Hcp hkvXp F t]mse {]Iminmepw AXp Ime{Xbnepw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
167
B a n\nv A\y am I bn m Xp t]mse A Zrjv Sn bn
AXpI Ime{Xbnepw CmXmbpw A\p`hw knnpw.
Atm B A\p`h_ewsImv A\hcXa\pkm\w sNbvXv
Ahsb tZnn (hym]Iambpw PRm\ZrjvSnam{Xambpw) hym]
Im\ZrMvam{Xambpw,Hmtcmtcm Imev DZbmkvXabsf
{]m]nmepw AXpIv kmnbmbpw, Cu Bm\m\p
`hw kpkv^pcw {]Iminpw. Cu hnthIm\p`qXnsImv B a\
ns\ PbnWw.
C\n apn hnsXmb kwkmcN\hrs
NpnnSp, aqp Xebp B AlwImckw B hr
shnv \opIbpw hrw tZnsSpIbpw sNbvXnv B
B\\n[nsb \ncpiamb\p`hnpXntebvp D]tZiam
cw`npp.
qeicocmymk\nhrn
qeicocsaXv, cw, amwkw, An, Rcv, Nw,
Pew, aew, tcmaw, Zw, I^w CXpIfpsS kwtbmKamIpp.
AXns\ hnthIZrjvSn sImv ]ncnv, X\nv FXnsc Hcp Ibdv
sInbXmbn `mhnv AXnt Chsb shtsd XqnbnpsImv
t\mnbm, Xm Aicocnbmb m\kzcq]Zrmbpw BZyw
icocw t]mse tXmnb]nw, ap`mKv Ibdn XqnnS
p cmZnhnImc, kwtbmKw hnv {]tXyIw {]tXyIambn
A\p`hnsSpXpsImv icocsap \mans A
tmSv tNcmsXbpancnpw. C{]Imcw CShnSmsX ZrVXcm`ymkw
sNbvIn Hcph\pw Hcnepw Hcp IpSs kw_nv Rms\
p A[ymk (Hn asmns Btcm]w sXmb Adnhv)
apmImXpt]mse Cu icocs kw_npw Rms\
A[ymkw `hn msX hnp t]m Ipw. A{] Imcw Xs Cu
{ZjvSmhpw (ImWph, kmn) Xn icockw_w ImW
sSmXpsImv Aicocnbmb {ZjvSmhpam{Xambnocpw. Cu
A`ymkw ZrVXcambnpXs knnn Almckns
{IqcXcamb Hcp Xe hnthIhmfpsImv \nohambn `hnpw.
C\n Cu kns ap XeItfbpw AdpXn\p D]m
bsdbmw.
at\m\miw ipmssZzX`mh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
168 AssZzXNnm]Xn
kqvaicocmymk\nhrn
qe icockw_w \on Aicocnbmb Cu Bmhv
m\ZrjvSnam{X\mbnv {]Iminptm tIhn, h`w apX
emb ]Xnt\gp XzfSnb kqvaicocw B Bmhnt\mSv
At`Zambn Iep \nevpw. `n`neWtfmSpIqSnb B
]Xnt\gp Xztfbpw kv^pcnnv, Ahsb, BImin NnX
dnb (`neWtfmSp IqSnb) \{XsftmseZriy
fmn, kqcys\ Zinp Znn\pw B kqcy\pw Xnep Zqc
sap am{Xtam A{Xtmfw Cu BZrjvSnpn B ]Xn
t\gp Xzfpw ZriyamIpamdv t\mpIn Bkw_w hnv
LSmZnI t]mse. (Ah Xms\p A[ymkw Cm PUh
kvXp.) A\mhkvXpfmbn `hnpw. Cu hnthIm\p`q
Xnbm A\hcXw Ahsb t\mp m\ ZrjvSnbm B
tXz\, A\pkm\hpw Cu ]Xnt\gp XXzfmb ZriyhkvXp
fn A\m_py\p`hm t\cn Alaymk\nhrn
bpw ZrVXcambm AlaymkapZnbn. C{]Imcw knnm
Cu hnthIm\p`qXnbmIp hmsImv Av \nohambn Al
mc kns cmw Xebpw \inpw.
Cu Almckns asmcp Xe JnsSp
Xntebvp ams ImWnpp.
ImcWicocmymk\nhrn
Cu ]Xnt\gp Xztfbpw hnv Aicocnbmbn m\
ZrMvam{Xambn Cu Bmhv {]Iminmepw Cu enwKicocw ip
ambn hnpt]mbXpsImv Hcp Imen {Xn]pSn iq\yambpw
(AxIcWhrn CmsX) hyy`mhambpw (kv^qncln
Xambpw) Ccnp kpjp]vXyh (Ddw) hnv A{]Imc
ap m\ZrjvSnsb hnpt]mbXpt]mse Ccnpw. AXpw Cuj
Zz n Im k tm Sp Iq Sn b m\ Zrjv Sn bpsS Do e \s
(DWns\) ]pckvcnp (ap\nn) sImv XsbmWv.
CXns\ tim[\ sNpXntebvv ]cn]Iz_pnbpw hnthIn
bpamb apJym[nImcnp am{Xta Ignbq. BIbmeXns\ ChnsS
Adnbnpp.
digitized by www.sreyas.in
169
bmsXmcdnhpw (Hmbpw) CmXmbpw, AhnsS m\
ZrjvSnbncnpp FmIs \nbnm IgnbmXmbpw Xs
B Ahbncpmepw, Rm bmsXmpadnbmsX kpJambp
do Fv, As\ Cs\ Fmhcpw km[mcW {]XoXn
bn (tXm,Adnhv) hyhlcnbm , B {]XoXn_ewsImv
bmsXmcp DZbhpw (DWpw) Cm {]Imcw Xs B A\p
`qXnbpsS hmhnXnsb Cibn hnthIm hnjbo
Icnptm A{]Imcw Xs Hc\p`hw DZnpImWpw. B A\p
`q Xn sb AXnkqv a amb hnth I hr Xy \p ` h m t\mn
AhnsSs kevkmkw_w IqSmsX t\mnb B
ZrK\p`hw sImv AXns\ Zriyamnbm AXv ZriyXztmSp
tNv A\m hkvXphmbn `hnv apn kqcyaeZrjvSmw
]dXpt]mse _lpZqcn hnen AIp \nevpw. A{]
Imcw Cu Bmhns ZrK\p`qXnbpw bmsXmcpWpanmtXbpw
{Xn]pSniq\yambpw m\ZrjvSnbncnpnsv \nbnm
]mSnmsXbpw CcnpB Ahsbapn chIsf
Zriyamn Xm m\ZrjvSnam{Xambn \nXpt]mse aqm
as Ahbpw kqvaambn {Xn]pSn m\kzcq]am{Xambn
{]Im inp \nev pw; Cu A\p `hw AXn kqv aamI bm
AXns\ kzm\p ` h m Ah ew _np \nev p I sb p Xv
Ghpw {]bmkw Xs FphcnInepw, AXn AXn`nambn
Hcp kmn[s, Btcm]nv ap]d Ahm\p`qXn
ZriyambXpsImpw, Cu m\ZrK\p`qXn kmnbmbncn
sImpw, Xs kmnbmb\p`hnv kmyamb A\mmhm
Ibm AXv (aqmas Ah) Hcnepw AlaamI
bnsv ImWptm AXn ASnSn Bm[ymkw \nhr
amIpw. B Ahm\p`qXnbpw HpadnbmbvIbpamb Am\w
Xs Imc W i co c am I bm AXv Cu Bmhns m\ Zr
jvSnsb adp Fp Xp hcnIbn (HpIbn). Fsm
Cu Am\w GXp hn[nepXv? GXns\ ImcWamnsm
ncnpXv? GXp ssh`hw sImp adXv.? Fv hnthIm\p
`qXn klnXw (sImv) t\mnbm AImcn\p kqcy
ImcWamImXpt]mse AXn\p NnZmmhv ImcWamIbn. B
Am\w Xs, kIe ssZzX{]]n\pw ImcWambncn
bm XZ\yamb (Am\m\yamb) bmsXmcp hkvXphpw AXn\p
ImcWamIbn. \ntlXpIambn (ImcWw IqSmsX) Hcp hkvXp
at\m\miw ipmssZzX`mh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
170 AssZzXNnm]Xn
knnm\pw ]mSn. A, knnpshn AXv kzbw {]Imih
kv Xp hm bnt Ccn q. A s\ bm Ip ]w kI e tbpw
{]Iminnp kqcy AImcw knnmXpt]mse,
BhcWcq]ambp, adbvp, kz`mhw \inv kz\mans
AtmSv ths]pw, Bm\ZrjvSnbn \n\yam
tXbpw AhkvXphmbntmIpw. Fm A{]Imca; AXv GXn
t\bpw ad bv p in bp PU hkv Xp Xs bm Wv .
m\{]Imins kmnyw (klmbw) sImp Xs, Xs
insb sNepn \nevpw, FphcnIn LSmZnIsftmse
bncnp Cu Am\w, adbvp intbmSpIqSnbXmbn
`hnptm Binsb Adnbhw {]Iminnp
km[\amb B m\ {]Imis adbvWsap hcnIn
Xs {]Im in n p AXns klm b an cn p tm sgpw
AXns\ adbvpXntebvv D]ImcsSpIbn. B D]Imcw
hnp \onb Imev adbv matm FmsWn, AhnsS
X\np kzX{ambn {]ImianmbvIbm LSstmseXs
Ccnpp. Csb {]XoXnpt]mepw hnjbanmsX iq\yw
t]mse `hnncnpw. AmsXbpw bmsXmcp eWwsImpw
eoIcnm (Ipdnm) Ignbm kz`mhtmSpIqSnbXm
Ibm bpnv A\lambXpsImv Ipw, (sNm\pw)
AIpw, (sNmXncnm\pw) A\yYm Ipw(ap hn[n
sNm \pw) a am b in apX emb kI eXpw AXn embn
{IoUov (hnfbmSn) \nepw. AXns\ B \nbnp ]dbpw?
Fm A{]Imcancpmepw, ]dXnhw Hcp k AXn\v
knnnnsn AhkvXphmbn `hnpw. {]IminmXncpmepw
A{]Imcw XsbmIpw. Cd cp kz`mhhpw (kbpw,
{]Imihpw) AXnencnpXmbn kXnp ]w, LSancn
pp, ]Sancnpp, {]]ancnpp., Am\ancnpp.
A{]Imcw Xs CXpI tim`npp Fv hyhlmc_em
tim`nptm `n`nhnImctfmSp tN Cu hkvXp
AXmXp \mafpsS AfmIpw. A{]Imcw CXpItfmSv (LS
]S{]]mZnI) ISsv (ISsSpI=_sSpI) Ccnpp,
tim`npp F sNmpI hyXymksSmsX Ccnbm
(Ccnpp, tim`npp: AkvXn, `mXn Ch) CXpIfpsS Aw
(LSw ]Sw apXemb `n]Zm) AXpIfn \np thsd
bmbncnWw. A{]ImcambncnIptm AXpIfpsS hneW
digitized by www.sreyas.in
171
XztmSpIqSnbncnpw (hyXymksncn). AXpw, Ah (AkvXn,
`mXn) `n`nfmb hnImctfmSp (LS]SmZnItfmSv) tNn
cnbm, B hnImcXzn\v hneWamb \nnImcXztm
SpIqSnbncnpw. C{]Imcw hnthIm\p`qXnsImv Iv (Adnv),
Hcp ]Xn hnkvXmcap KplbmIp BImishfnbn
inebpsS ImTn\yw ImWsSmXpt]mse Acq]ambpw \nn
Im c am bpap B cp kz`m h tfbpw (C cn p p, tim`n
pp) A\p`hm t\mnv AXpIfpsS B Am\w
hscbp ap]d hkvXpfn tImp t\mnbm AXp
I (L S ] S {] ] m Zn I) X\ Xp hn Im c tfmSpw kzcq ]
tfmSpw hnpamdn CmhbmbntmIpw.(qehkvXp apX
Am\w hsc Ccnpp tim`npp F A\p`hw
XpSv FmnepancnpXn\m AXp cpw Bmhns
kZv`mhhpw NnZv`mhhpamsWp ImWWw. Zriyp n
Xnbpw Xnfhpw sImSppXv BmhmWv.) B A\p`h
tfbpw B nXnbn (Acq]ambpw \nnImcambpw) Xs
shp t\mnbm Bm\m\p`qXnv thdmbnmsX AXp
am{Xambn tijnp \nevpw. C{]Imcw AXpIv k knn
mXncpm AXp \nanw AhkvXpfmbn `hnpw.
Cs\ Imc W i co c amb Am \s hnth Im \p ` h
n AhkvXphmbn \ncmIcnXmb B A\pkm\ hntij
m, kpjp]vXnbpw ImcWicochpw {Zriy]Zmhpamb A\m
hkvXp Bkw_w IqSmsX _lpZqcn {]Xys
Spw.Atm AXnep Ala[ymks hnthIm\p`qXnbm
ZrVXcamn \on Hcnepw AXn AlaymkapZnmXn
cnpamdmnbm Cu aqp icoctfbpw ISp AkwtKmZm
ko\\mbn {]Iminp AZznXob hkvXphmb Alw ]Zns
hmkvXhambp Aambpw kmnbmbpancnp Cu B
m\n Alam\w GXp Imepw hnpt]mImsX
Ccn p amdv hrn kw _w IqSmsX hnth Im \p `qXn _ew
sImv CShnSmsXbp A`ymkZmVym ]dXn h
ap kz\p`hw knnpw. Atm B hnthIm\p`qXnbmIp
hmfm Almc kns aqmas Xebpw JnXambn
\nohambn ]p\cpm\clnXambn \inp t]mIpw.
at\m\miw ipmssZzX`mh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
172 AssZzXNnm]Xn
Atm Rms\mpadnbmsX Ddn F {]XoXntbmSp
IqSn kpJambpdn Fsmcm\m\p`hw ImWsSpXn\m,
B\w {_ F {ipXn{]amWm B\kzcq]Xzw B
{_n\msX ap bmsXmcp hkvXphn\pw knnbn. hnj
bm\sapw kpjp]vXym\sapw ]dbsSp B\
BhcWhnt]inIfm _m[nsSpI \nanw hnjan{i
oc (hnjw tN ]mev) sat]mse BXynIZp:J \nhrn
(Fstbvpambp ZpxJ]cnlmcw) {]Zamb \nXym\ambn
`hnpX. Cu BhcWhnt] AlmcklnXw \inv
\njv {]]mZznXobmNnm{Xambpw ({]]tmSv IecmsXbpw
t`ZanmsXbpw m\am{Xambpw) atlm]im]Zhn (Fmw
ASnb almb m\w (tamw)bmbpw knnpsImv {Xnhn
[]cntZiq\yambn GXp ImepapXmb \nPm\ambn {]Im
inpw. C{]Imcw icoc{Xbm[ymk\nhrn ]dbsp. C\n,
hnt]mhcW \nhrnsb ]dbpp.
hnt]inbpw BhcWinbpw
apn icoc{Xbm`nam\amb aqp XeItfmSp IqSnbXmbpw
CcpXeaWnb F t]mse hnt]mhcWfmb cp Xe
ItfmSp IqSnbXmbpw, hnXn ap]d aqp XeIsf
JnpXntebvp D]mbw ]dXpt]mse ap Xe
Itfbpw tZnpXntebvp D]mbs ]dbpp.
CcpXeaWnbt\mSv kam\amb hnt]mhcWinI
cp tImSnbnepff Xs inbm B\\n[nsb Bcpw Xs
sNp Xom {]Imcw XShp sNppsp hcnInepw AXn
t\bpw PbnpXntebvp D]mbancnpv.
CcpXeaWnbs\ ktam _lpZqcZrjvSnbpXmIpp.
AXns ZrjvSnbpsS FXnsc (sNmn\v) AIsp t]msbp
hm GXp hkvXphmbmepw icn, ZlnpXs t]mIpw. hnt
]m h c W sf in Isfm! AXp I C d Xn t\ m
F{Xtbm aS[nIshbpw ImfIqShnjtm ISpap
hbpamIpp. AXpIfn hnt] inbmIs, ZW\Kcw
t]mepXpw C{Xam{Xsav IWnSpXn\v IgnbmXpamb
At\IwNcmNc{_m tImSnIsf krjvSnpw. C{Pmehn
Zybm At\IcYKPXpcK]ZmXnI Iev]nspw Ghcmepw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
173
{]Xyamb\p`hnspw Ccpmepw B C{Pmemc, AXv
anYy sbpw C{ Pm e hn Zy bm Iev ]n X sapw Adn bp Xp
t\mpI. AXpt]mse Cu hnt] in Xm Iev]n
s {]]w anYysbtm Xm Iev]nXsatm D hnthIw
IqSmsX AXns\ ({]]s) hrnbmpXntebvv Xbm
dmbn \nevpw. AXn D]lnXPohssNX\y(D]m[ntbmSpIqSnb
PohssNX\yw)v hrnkw_amb (AxIcWhrn
tbmSp tN) hnthIsf IqSmsX kzambnv hnImc
kwLSnmXn\m B hnt]inbn \npZn ZpxJkm
Kcn apgpIn apgpIn B PohssNX\y kz`mth\ Ahn
\minIfmIbm acnpXn\p IgnbmsXbpw klnpXn\p
AiIyambpw hn{imnv (XfbmdpXn\v) m\anmsXbpw
InS\p`hnpgepp.
hnt]\nhrn
C{]Imcancpmepw Cu hnt]in (BImiw XpSn
hnhn[fmb Imcy DmIpXn\v A\pIqeamb Am
\ns kamyw Fpw, hopw hopw \nccap hnj
bNn Fpw hnt]inbvv Aapv. Hcp hkvXphn
asmcp hkv Xp hns [ fm tcm ]n p Xpw Hn ]e
hkvXpfpsS {`aw DfhmpXpw Cu hnt]inbmWv.) Af
hnm {]]mImcambnocWsap hcnIn \n\nanambn
`hn bn . B \nan s Nnn m _mtly {n b fpsS
(]pdcWfpsS) ]m`uXnI]hnjbtfmSv {]Xyw
sImp kw_s ]pckvcnv B hnjbmImcfmbn
s ]cnWanv AXpIsf AcnWman hgnbmbnv AXmXp
\macq]tfmSpIqSn \nbsSpn, Xn D]lnXamb {]Xy
v ssN X \y ns {]Im i _ e m {]Im in np \nev pw.
tIhe _mtly{nbv hnjb AXmXp \macq]tfm
SpIqSn hnjbsSpIbn. AXpt]mseXs AxIcWamIp
hnt]inpw X\np{]Imcw hyhlmcn knn
eWm B hnjb hnjbsSpIbn. Fm kme
Pnt\{Xp (shgpphv) ]pkvXImhtemI\hnjbn
D]t\{Xw (aqp ImSn) D]ImcsSpXpt]mse Cu _mlyI
cWfpsS klmbm hnjbsSmsa ]n A\p
at\m\miw ipmssZzX`mh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
174 AssZzXNnm]Xn
(IpcpS\v) D]t\{Xap]ImcsSpIbnspXpt]mse, Cu cp
hI IcWfpw PUamIbm D]ImcsSpIbn. CXpI PU
fmbncpmepw ssNX\y_ew sImv CXpIv hnjb
hnjbamImsamsWn B ssNX\yn kakvXhpw hnt
]intbmSpIqSn ]camn Iev]nXamIbm, cphnp
Xn Iev]nXamb kns Dev]n\misfpdndn
bm ]mSnmXpt]mse, ap]d, Dev]n\mi (ssN
X\yn) CmXmIbm AXv tNcpIbn. AXpsImn
{] Imcw Btem Nnv , DZn At\I {_m s bp Zn n
hnt]intbbpw C{PmeZrjvSmm ]d (AXns)
hnthIsbpw (AXns) PUXztbpw ]pdcWw, hnt]
in, {]Xyv ssNX\yw (Fmn\pw Dn {]Iminp
Bmhv.) ChIv ap]d{]Imcw I]nX{]]w hnj
bsSmbvItbbpw hnthIm\p`hwsImv Zin {]XoXnZibn
apv kqva icocs A\mmhmIpamdmn AXn\npw
Ala[ymk (Rm F sXnmcW) \nhrn sNsncn
pXpt]mse CXpI hnthIm\p`qXnbm `neWtfm
SpIqSnb Zriy]Zmambpw A\m hkvXphmbpw, Bkw
_w hnv hfsc Zqc n cn sImv AXp I fn Al a [ym
ks \nhrnv {]Xyv ssNX\yn ZrVXcambpw hrn
kw_w IqSmsXbpw Al (Bmhn Rms\A\p`hw) a
\p`hw knnptm Cu ssNX\yn\n\yambnmsX
Xm\pw Xs Imcyamb {]]hpw tijnp atlm]imm\
amIp hn{imn`qansb {]m]nv Cu Pohmcpw C{Pmen
I hkvXpsf anYysbv C{Pmemc Adnncnp
Xpt]mse Xn Ime{Xbnepw ap]dbshbnsp Iv
AZzoXob\nPm\ kp[m knphmbn {]Iminpw.
injy: Fm ap]d enwKicocmZnIsftmseb;
Cu k]vXkap{Ztfbpw Hcp km[\hpw IqSmsXbpw Hcp Xpn
shw t]mepw tijnmsXbpw Npgn BImin hoin Fdn
Ibpw AjvSIpemNefpw k]vXtaLfpw ]`qXfpw [qfn
[qfnbmbn \nebnmsX Iv NpgepIbpw N{kqcy\{XmZn
I m\fn\nnfIn ths]v Ah iasv N{Iw Xncnv
NnXdpIbpw C{]Imcsamw sNp alm{]fb{]NhmXsa
t]mse Bpw `bcambn Nenp Cu hnt]insb
digitized by www.sreyas.in
175
PbnpIbpw AXns Ne\s \ndppIbpw sNbvIsbp
Xv Fs\ km[yamIpw? Fsmcp hepXmb i Dv.
BNmcy: \o `bXpw inXpw icn Xs. Fmepw
hnthI]qw ]cn{ianm B `bw CmXmIpXmWv.
Zmkn (t{X fn \rw sNp sXmgn ep
kv{Xo)bmb Hcph `cX imkv{X{]Imcw cmK_ap NphSv
(AShp)Isf A`yknv Xmfw apXembhtbmSv tNv k`bn
\\w sNptm AhfpsS t\{Xw lkvXw apXemb Ah
bh `mhkqN\ \nanw Wt\cn\nSbvv At\I h{I
KXnIsf {]m]nptm AXns\ Iv cknp {ZjvSmhns
ZrjvSn aambmIs AXnthKambmIs NenpXntebvv Imc
Wan. C{]Imcw [oc\mbn hnt]inbpsS kmays
t\mnsImncnpp Fp hcnIn, Cu BssNX\yn
\yt]mse DZnp {]Iminp NcmNcfmb {]]
sfmhsbpw \innpw DZnnpw sImncnp Ax
cWns hnt]insb Xn \n\yambdnv W
n Xm\pw tNjvSsbmpw IqSmsX Hgnpt]mIpw. hnthIm
\p`qXnbm Ahn{Iatbpw Dev]n\mitfbpw Iv,
Xs Ahn\minbmbpw AXns AXn{Iqcfmb Ne\in
bmIs NcmNcfmb PUhkvXpfpsS KpWtZmjfmIs
Xs kw_nmXpsImv Xs AkwtKmZmko\\mbpw
A]tcmambnv B\nv, t{]Xkam\ambn PUambn, Zriy
ambn, A\mhkvXphmbn, Iev]nXambncnp hnt]in
apXembhbn, ]d{]Imcw \ntjambnv A[ymkw hnp
t]mbXpsImv, LSaTmZnIsf arrjvSnsImv t\mnbm AXp
I ImWsSmXpt]mse, Cu B Zrp sImv AXpI
sfsbmw t\mnbm, AZznXobamb B Zrn ebnv, Ak
mbn, AZzn Xo b \n Pm \ kz cq ] a bn p XsA] tcm ambn
knnpw. Atm a\ns Hcp tImSnsb Ahew_nncnp
hnt]inbmIp Hcp Xe shps]p \inpw.
BhcWinbpw AXns \nhrnbpw
asmcp Xebmb BhcWinsbXv (Bkzcq]s
adbvp in. Bmhns\ B{ibnv B Bmhns NnXvkp
at\m\miw ipmssZzX`mh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
176 AssZzXNnm]Xn
J]q`mhs adbvphm\p Am\ns kmay
n\v BhcWinsbv thZmnI ]dbpp.) ap ]d
hnt]intbbpw AXnepZn {]]tbpw X\n\yambn
msXbmnbpw AImcw t]msebp Xs BhcWkz`m
h_em {]]kv^qnsb I_foIcn {]Imcw Xs
A[njvTm\mssNX\yns kv^pcWtbpw I_foIcn
{]mbambpw {]Xyns\ (Acmmhv)Bcpw PUsav \ncq
]npamdv sNnpw \nevpw. A{]Imcap BhcWin ]d
{]Imcw kpjp]vXn, aq, {]fbw apXemb k`fn
A\p`hnsSpw. AXns\ tim[nsbpXv Ghpw {]bm
kamWv. kpjp]vXnbn \npw Dm\mhsb {]m]nptm
(DWv Fgp tevptm), Rms\mpadnbmsX kpJambp
dn Fp ]dbpp. aq (tamlmekyw) sXfnbptm GXp
`bmZnIsf ]pckvIcnp aqntm B `bItcmZ\mZnklnX
sagptevpp. A{]Imcw Xs acWZibnepw Pohm B
BhcWinbneSn Wam{Xbn ]ctemIbmX\, P\\w,
CXpIm[mcamb Ihmk\ Dm\ZitbmsSmnpmbnv
AXntebvv XXmb kpJZpxJmZnIsf B AxIctWm]m
[nbn {]Xn_nw_nncnp ssNX\yn Iev]nsv, B
hmk\m]ccbm At\ItImSn P\\acWfneIshs\
t]mse `pPnpp (A\p`hnpp). kam[nbn\npw Dm
\s {]m]np alm]pcpj, km[njv Tm\{]XyK`n
\njv{]]mZznXobmssNX\yn ({]]Iev]\smw
Ahew_ambpw Acmmhns kzcq]ambpw {]]ns
tXm CmXmbpw t`ZclnXambpw Ccnp {_ssN
X\yw.) Btcm]nXamb (Am\m Iev]ns.) kIe
{]]tfbpw hnthIm\p`qXnsImv CmsX \ncmIcnv kam
[nbn {]thin {]ImcwAhnsS {Xn]pSnbnsp hcnInepwB
Bm\p`qXnam\mbnpm\w sNpp. C{]Imcw AXnhncp
amb `n `n hnNn {X Im cy v Bh c W in G I Im c
Wambncpp, \Snpp. B hI {]`mhsf {ipXnbpy
\p`htfmSpIqSnb kZv Kpcphns Ir]bm hnthIm\p`qXn
sImv t\mp ]w kqcykn[nbn lnaIWsf
t]mse \ontmIpw; (CXn ASnbn ]d AhIfn
BhcWinbn ebnv DZnXmbndp. Fnepw AXns\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
177
hnp \on IqS]cammhn sFIysvA\cw BhcW
in hgnbmbn DZnp Fv [cnpsImI). CXpIsf tim[n
p hnhcw Fs\sbm kpjp]vXyhbn Im,
t`mm CXpIfmbn{]Imin hnm\ab\mb Bmhv, hnj
b{KlWkma{KnIfmb IcWsf hnv X\Xp]m[nbmb hnm
\ hr n tbbpw hnp \o p tm tbw (Adn b s tS
hnjbw), m\w (Adnhv) F D]m[nI AXn\nmbvIbm
mXr[amt{Xm]m[nI\mbn (AdnbpIsb [w am{Xw
D]m[nbmbp) X\nv BIptm PvtRbm\fmb D]m
[nbnm {]Imcw \ncp]Imcambn ({]tbmP\anmsX) `hnv
AXpw (mXr [hpw) \ncmew_ambn (B{ibanmsX) hnp
t]mIpw. B k`n AXnep]lnXssNX\yw Xs kzcq
]hpw _nw_hpambncnp IqS{_ssNX\y(Ahm{X
bn Hcp hnImchpanmsX kmnbmbncnp {_ssN
X\yw.) am{Xambn tijnp \nv {]mc_v[Ihim Pm{KZh
tbmSv ]qw ASnb \oXnt]mse mXrtXzm]m[napX
{Iaambn hnjbkma{KnIfmb IcWmap]m[nIsf {]m]np
\nevpw. CXns hnthIm\p`qXnsImv t\mnbm IcWmZn
m Xr Xzmw (C{n b , AxIcWw XpSn Fm n
s\bpw Adnbp Poh hsc) D]m[nItfmSp kw_nptm
Pm{Kv Fpw kz]v\w Fpw AXpItfmSv ths]Sptm
kpjp ]v Xn sbpw hyh l cn pw. Fm Rms\m p a dn
bmsXbpdn F {]Xo Xn (tXm)sImv Ah c W in
AhnsSbpXmbn ImWsSpp FmsWn Cu D]m[nI
tfmSpIqSnb Zibn A\p`hns hrnm\ss
(AxIcWhrnsImpmIpLS]SmZn hntijm\w)
m\sapw hrnbnmnSv, kzcq]m\w (Bkz
cq]amIp m\w) Fpw hyhlcnpp. m\w hrn
m\sapw kzcq]m\sapw cp hn[nepv. Ax
IcWhrnbnmtm {]Iminp m\w kzcq]m
\amWv. kpjp]vXn, aq apXemb AhIfn hrnm\w
C. kzcq ] m \ amWv AhnsS {]Im in p Xv . ]t B
Ah AdnXpsImv AXv Am\amsWv ]dbs
Spp. Hcp hnNmchpw, hnImchpw a\nepZnmsX DWncn
p Ahbn kzcq]m\w {]Iminpw) kz{]Imiam
at\m\miw ipmssZzX`mh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
178 AssZzXNnm]Xn
bncpnpw B hnthIanmXn\m AXns\ Am\sapw
Gp]nSnv hmk\bm B BhcWinbpZnp FmsX
thsdmpa; AmsXbpw B BhcWm\p`qXntbmSpIqSn kpJ
am bp dn Fsmcp {]XoXn ImW s Sp I bmepw cpw Hcp
kabs n bn cn bmepw CXp kpJm \p `q Xnsb AmsX
thsdmnt\bpw Adnn Fv HpadnbmbvIbmb BhcW
inbvv Aw Iev]ntn hcpw. As\ ]dbsm
Cu BhcWin Xs {]`mhtmSp hnp \on (BhcW
in) Xm\pw kzcq]w sIv AhkvXphmbn (AkvXnXzw \inv)
`hnpw. {]]Iev]\smw Ahew_ambpw Acmmhns
kzcq]ambpw {]]ns tXm CmXmbpw t`ZclnX
ambpw Ccnp {_ssNX\yw A{]Imcw Xs Am\m
\p`qXnsbam{Xw m]nv \ncq]nnepw B Am\amIp
HpadnbmbvItbmSv Hcp m\w IqSn AXns\ {]Iminnp
sImv A_m[yam\ambn (\insSmsX) ImWsSpIbm
AXn\mepw B BhcWin kz{]`mhs hnv (Hgnv) Ah
kvXphmIWw. Fm Cu BhcWin AhkvXphmsWp
hcnIn kIecmepw Hp t]mse A\p`hnsSm ImcW
sav? FmsWn, Cu BssNX\yw (FpapXpw hnIm
c an m Xpw Adn hv , Adn bp h, Adn b s Sp hnjbw
Cs\bp {Xn]pSn CmXpw ncambncnpXpamb Ah
m{XbkmnssNX\yw.) \nXy\nnImc{Xn]pSnclnX IqS
ssN X \y am Ip p. AXp t]mseXs tZlzm Zn Ir
Xzmw (icocw apX IrXzw hscbp Pothm]m[n.) D]m
[nI {Xn]pSniq\yPUhkvXpfmIpp. CXpIfn BssN
X\yw{]Xn_nw_nptm, CXpIXs tNX\hkvXp
t]mse {]Iminpw. IqSs kzcq]hnthIanmbvIbm Ch
n {]Xn_nw_n (AxIcWn {]nXn_nw_np B
ssN X\ywPohNnZm `m kCXp I tfmSv hnp \on IqS
am{X ambn tijn Afhv {Xn]p Sn bn m Xn \m PUw
t]mse DZnp Bkzcq]hpwm\w (hrnm\w) Hgn
XpsImv IcWmZnIpkam\sat]mse tXmnbvmw.
BIbm Dm\Zibn hmk\mclnX\ncmImc{Xn]pSniq\y
hr n bn (hmk \ bpw, BIr Xn bpw, {Xn]p Snbpw Cm
AxIcWhrn) BssNX\yw {]Xn_nw_nv Bhrnbn
AXn\nv `nsSmsX AXn kqvaambn hmk\bpZnv B
digitized by www.sreyas.in
179
hmk\mhrnbn ssNX\yw {]Xn_nw_nv AXns _em
X\nv ]qamb hrnbpw D]lnXssNXym\p`qXnbpw {]Im
inpsImncpnpw AXnt\bpw AXnm[mcamb \nntij
IqSt\bpw hnthIclnXamb Cu hmk\mm\wAhn
Xs hnIrXn (hnImcw) kw_anmXpsImvPmRm\m`m
hamIp BhcWinsb Btcm]nv Xs hnIrXnkw_
m Xss (NnZm`mk) {]m\cq]amb`n{]mbs
Spn hnPrw`np \nevpw.
CXmIpp BhcWinbpsS Btcm]_oPw. CXv A\m
ZnbmbpXs{X (ImcyImcW_nqSn Dmbn Fp
kanm IgnhnmXv) CXv kqvahmk\bm Btcm
]nsXmbmepw Xs nXnbnm ]qmhsb tNp
hXn\m kz]v\nepZn]pcpj kz]nXmhns\ Xs Imc
Wambn kzoIcnpXpt]mse Cu BhcWin Fmn\pw
ImcWamIpw. ]nsbpw, hmk\bn {]Xn_nw_nm\w hnIr
XntbmSpIqSnbncnnepw, AXn\p ]qhrnbnepZn m\w
hnIrXnsbhnv \onbncnnepw, IqS]camkzcq]m\w
ip\ncp]m[nIambncnnepw C{Xbpw efnepw {ipXnbp
y\p`hfm m\kzcq]w Aep]vXambnp(Hnt\mSpw
tNcmsX, ]msX)Xs A\p`hnsSpIbm AXns\ Jn
pXn\v Bcpw icmIbn.
GXp {]Im c nepw hnNm c mk l bmb (Nnn p t\m
ptm \nenevnmXv.) Cu BhcWinhnNmcnsSp
In AhkvXphmbn amdpw. C{]Imcw hnthIm\p`qXnbm \ntj
[n hym ]p {X \n, F{] Imcw A\y]pcp j \v , Rms\
A[ymkw hcpXn\v {]knbntbm, A{]Imcw AhkvXphmb
Cu BhcWinbnepw Aymkw DmIpXn\v {]knbn,
Fp \nbnv Aymks \on A{]Imcw Xs CXns\
\ntj[npXn\v ImcWambn tkm]m[nI \ncq]m[nIe
fn ]dhw m\ZrjvSnsb Dhn[w A\p`hnv Cu
BhcWhrn t]mepw DZnpXn\v AhImianmsX bn
B A\p`h_em \ncmhcW]c{_ssNX\yam{Xambn
Al am \p `hw hnp\om A\p `q Xn bmbn knn n
hnthIm\p`qXnbmIp hmfpsImv Jnsv ]p\cpm
at\m\miw ipmssZzX`mh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
180 AssZzXNnm]Xn
\clnXambn, a\mIp kns cmas incpw Ap
t]mIpw.
injy: aq, acWw, {]fbw, kam[n Chbnepw B Bh
cWinbpsS {]thiancns kpjp]vXnbmIp AhbpsS
A\p`qXn _em AXv Aw {]m]np FXv Fs\ icn
bmIpw?
ANmcy: aqmhbnepw AXn`btmSp IqSnb at\m
hmk\ Xs Ames kz`mhtmSv bmsXmnt\bpw FXn
cnSmsX hmk\m (hmk\ A[nIap hrn m\w) [nIym
\tmSpIqSn aqVambn BhcWinbn ebn B hrnbpw
\on NnZm`mk IqSam{Xambn tijnv, Dm\Zibn `b
ImZnItfmSpIqSnbh\mbn ]qhmk\mhntijm ImW
smepw, aqmhbn Fs\ Ccpp Fp tNmZnm
kpjp]vXyhbpsS A\p`qXnt]mse Xs]dbpw. A{]Imcw
Xs {]fmbhbpw acWmhbpw `hnpw. kam[yhtbm
FmsWn Btcm]nXamb kIessZzXtbpw km[n
jvTm\amb {]XyK`n]camkzcq]n AXn\p thdmbnn
msX (apv tXmnb ssZzX{]]w kam[nbn Bmhnen
sp ZrU \nbw.) \ntj[nv, (Bkzcq]am{Xambn) kzcq
]am{Xambn {]Iminptm Bbhbn Zriy`mh\bpw
hnt]hpw CmXn\mepw {Xn]pSn bnmXn\mepw Cu cp
KpWfpw (kpjp]vXnbnse Am\w) CubmhcWinpw
B kam[nb\p`hn\pw (kpjp]vXnbnepw kam[nbnepw Zriy
{]]ns tXmepw hnt]hpw {Xn]pSnbpw C Fp
Xp sIm mWv Ahbv p Xn kmZriyw ]d n cn p Xv .
Fm kam[nbn BhcWanspXv Hcp {]tXyIXbmWv.)
kam\ambncnbmepw A{]Imcw ]dp FmsX B Bh
cW hrnv AhnsS {]thiw knnbn.
injy: kpjp]vXn apX ap]d AhIfn Pohm
h[nbn (Poh`mhw \inptm) IqS{_n\v thdmbn
nmsX ebnsp FXn\m B{]m]vXn kIet]pw
icnbmbncns m\n Hcph am{Xw {_{]m]vXn knnh
s\pw Ah am{Xw P\nbnspw aph {_{]m]vXn
bSbmsX P\npsapw DXv Fs\ Hpw?
digitized by www.sreyas.in
181
BNmcy: Cu AhIfn Pohm {_{]m]vXnbS
ncpnpw {_m\m AhcpsS I ZKv(Zln
n s Xv )am Im Xp sImv hnNn {X i n tbm Sp Iq Snb B
I hm k \ bm {_ hn e W cmbn ({_ n\npw
thsh) B Pohm Dm\ZibnepZnpp. Fm ac
WZisbXv; Dm\n\p tlXphnmXmIbm Ahv
Fs\ P\\w hcmw FmsWn hyhlmtcm]tbmKnbmb
Dm\anmbvIbm acWw Fp ]dbsp FmsX enwK
icocw, ImcWicocw Ch {_m\m \inmtm
Cu D]m[ntbmSpIqSnb Poh tZimcw t]mb Hcp ]pcpj
AhnsS Pohnncnth Ah NnecpsS ZrjvSnbn ImWsSm
sXbncpm AXpsImv Ah arX\mbn Fp hcnIbntm,
AXpt]mse acnh\mIbn. Cs\ {_m\n Hcph
am{Xw ap\mIpw FdnbWw
ipmssZzX`mh\
C\n kwibw DZnmsX ImpsImpXn\mbn Nne cl
kyIqSn ]dbmw. at\m\mimw _IW\mbncnp
iphocm! apv hnt]in _m[nsXpt]mse (anYybm
sWv {]Xy ambn \n bn s Sp I). Ctm Bh c W
inbpw _m[nsSpIbm ssZzX{]]w, ZW\Kcsa
t]mse DZn , AXns\ A`n am \n ] Im
({_mhv , hnjv Wp, cp{Z, atl iz c, kZm in h) ]
IrXysf (krjvSn, nXn, kwlmcw, Xntcm`mhw, A\p{Klw)
\oXnbmbn \SpXp t]mse ImWnv ssZzXs hnizknn
Chsbmpw knnbn. Fm \oXn (hyh sNbvXp
\ymbhntcm[anmXncnpXv)bmbn abn \Sp kz`mhs
n, kIektl\nhrnmbnv C\nbpw IpdmtemNnmw.
Ah m {X b ] cn tim [ \bpw Bm hns Akw
KXzhpw
Pm{Kv amdn kz]v \w A\p ` hn s Sp Ibpw Cu cpw
kpjp]vXnbn adbpIbpw A\cw DWcptm {]]w DZnv
{]IminpIbpw sNbvXp ImWpXn hyhbptm Ctbm?
Cu aqhIpw Fpt`Zw Fp t\mnbm Pm{KXv,
at\m\miw ipmssZzX`mh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
182 AssZzXNnm]Xn
kz]v\w Cu cnepw A\p`hnsSp ]Zmfn t`Zw
ImWsSpn. Fm A\p`hn t`Zw Dv. kz]v\n
Hcp tZiv sNv AhnsS Nnecm {kIv N\mZnIsImv
(ame, N\w, apXembh) D]Ncnsm B ASbmfw DW
tijw Ahs qetZln ImWmXn\m Cu ch
Ipw t`Zw tXmmw. Fm kz]v\w hmk\mabamI
bmepw hmk\sbXv Pm{KZ\p`qXnbpsS ZmVyamIbmepw AXv
kXy am I bn . Fs m, cY K P Xp c K ] Zm Xn I apX emb
hkv Xp (\ X{X cYm \ cYtbmKmx (cYKPXpcKmZnI
kz]v\nepmbn \inppsbp {ipXnbn ]dbpXn\m
kz]v\w kzX{bmb HchbmWv ]t AhI aqpw
]c kv ]cw _m[n s Sp Xn \m anYy bm Wv ) F {ipXn
{]Imcw) A\p ` hn sv D c W n Xntcm ` hn p p.
\mbn BtemNnptm Iev]\ am{XsamsX AsXmpw
kXyamIbn.AkXyhkvXpfpsS A\p`hs Hchbmbn
]dbpXv \oXnbmIbn. Cu kz]v\mh AkXyhpw Pm{KZ
hkXyhpw BbXpsImv Cu chIpw t`Zapm
Ipp Fp ]dbmsaphcnInepw Pm{KZh hmkvXhn
kXyambn knnp ]w AXp icnXs; knnm]w
t`Zhpw knn bn . AsX s\ sb m Pm{K Zh bn
A\p`hns ]Zm kz]v\mhbn I ]Zm
sfmfpw `namXn\m ]Zmt`Zw knnbn. A\p
`ht`Zw knnmsamsWn A\p`hsaXv GXns hym]m
camsWp t\mptm tIhew _lnjvcWfptSXpa
AxIcWfptSXpa (_mtly{nb: Iv, aqv, \mv,
Xzv, sNhn, AxIcW: _pn, Nnw, Almcw) Fp
ImWmw. C\nbpw cntbpw kw__em hcpXmsW
n Ch kIeXpw PUamIbm B{]Imis At]n
pXs ap]d A\p`qXn knnWw. Aht\m, {ZjvSmhv;
ap kIeXpw Zriyw. Zriysamw LSXpeyw PUamIbm LS
n\v Fs\ Pm{KZmZyhI knnbntbm AXpt]mse
Chbvpw knnbn. {ZjvSmhn\v DXmImsam Ah
Isf AXn{Ianv kmnbmbn \nhs\ Fs\ kw_npw.
taepw Cu AhI kpjp]vXnbn ImWsSmXn\m
Bkw_w CmhbmIpw. Cu Bkw_s hnv
digitized by www.sreyas.in
183
GXp hkvXphpw FhnsSbpw CcnpXmbn knnmbvIbm
Ahkv Xphpw (Ak Xy h kv Xp) BIpw. AtXm, tXmnbpw
ImWmsX adpw hnthIm _m[nspw DXmWv.
A[njvTm\n \nv Ime{Xbnepw ths]SmsX B A[n
jvTm\ambnp Xs knnpw. kz]v\{ZjvSmhmb Bmhns\
qSmsX kz]vt\mm\kabn kz]v\{]]w apgph\pw
Fs\ ths]SmsX Ah am{Xambn tijnptm As\
Xs Ahm{Xb kmnbmb {ZjvSmhns\qSmsX Ahm
{Xbw apgph\pw ths]SmsX B {ZjvSmhns ZrKv[am{Xambn
tijnncnpw. ]qaoamwkIaXn ]d kzmZn ^e
tlXphmb A]qhpw (In\npmIpXpw ^es
{]Zm\w sNpXpamb kwkvmchntijn\v A]qsav
aoamwkI ]dbpp.) Cu ZrKv[neSn Pm{Kz]v\mh
Iv t`Zs Iev]nm inbnmsX \ontmIpw.
BIbm hnthNnp]w Cu ssZzX{]]tbpw a\m
bXnt\bpw anYysbv hnizknnpw. A{]Imcw Xs arn
Ibn `hn temjvSw, cXv\w Cu cpw Hcp hn[nepw kmay
anmsX `n]Zm t]mse tXmnbmepw A[nI{]Imiw
sImv cXv\w hnthI_pnbn {]Xnhyhlmcn\v (aIbpw
cXv\hpw arns hnImcamsWp ImWpXpt]mse ssZzX
{]]hpw a\pw Zriyhpw PUamIbm A\mhkvXphm
sWp ImWmw). thsd BImXpt]mse a\ns APUamb
Hcp `mKhpw Zriymwin ASn A\mhkvXphmbncn
sImv hnthI_pnbn Bmhv ChIv A\ysadnbp
amdv kv^pcnp \nevpw.
A{] Imcw Poh m kZv Kp cp Ir ] bm knn hnth I
m (Pohmv tamamw shfnsSpw FXnt\mS\zbn
p I) I Im n ]d ]pWy ]m ] tfm Sp Iq Snb
At\ItImSn P\\acW Pohs\ tNv CcpXmbn ]d
bpXn, AhI t]mse P\\acWfpw \nebnmsX
hp t]mbhbmbncnbm Ahsb tNPoh Ahn\min
bmbpw AhbpsS kw_hntbmKfm hnImcanmh\mbpw
Ahbvv kmnbmbpw Ccnpnsn B Poh\pw AhI
sftmse Hcp hkvXphmbn \inpw. As\bmbm Ahbpw
Poh\w knnmsX \ontmIpw. AtXm {ipXnbpy\p`h
at\m\miw ipmssZzX`mh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
184 AssZzXNnm]Xn
aqn\pw HpIbn. Xnanw B Pohs\ ap]d
{] Imcw kzoI cn mXsbpw BIm i n s]p hj
mepw Zlnp kqcyIncWmepw BImin\p iotXm
jvWkw_w CmXpt]mse Cu Bmhn\v ap]d
kw_w knnbn. tXmptm FmsWn AXpw
Cm {]hmlw t]mse ImWsmepw acpacoNnIm{]hml
m `qan \\bpns A\p `hw t]mse Ch I fpsS
kw_w Bmhn\n FdnI. C{]Imcw BtemNnm P\
\acW \on Pohmv tamamw shfnsSpw.
A{]Imcw Xs IcbnmsX kap{Zw Imns Ne\hnti
jm Ae, \pc, Ipanf apXembhbm hnImctmSpIqSnb
Xmbpw AXp hnp \onb Ahbn \nnImcambpw ImW
smepw Pew PeambnpXs knnpXpt]mse hnt]w,
B hnt]ns amw, Ch kmnssNX\yn\v Xosc knn
bnsv ZrVambn BtemNnm \ontmIpw.
Imens anYymXzw
ImeXzw X\n\yamb kIe {]]tbpw Afhp
s]SppXpsImv {]]n\\yambpw kmnbmXs
{]Iminbm NnZzneWambpw `hnpp. AXv kkwlm
cambncnsImv Xs kwlmcinbm {]]s hym]n
ptm kakvXhpw (AXns) ]cnWmatmSp hnp \on
`mhm `m h kv ^pn bn m alm iq \yw t]m ep alm Im e
Xzs hnv thdnmsX (A\yamImsX) \ontmIpw. A{]
Imcw k kw lm c Im e X Xz ns A\p t`m K hrn DZn p
tm, XnepZn almImens kwlmcinsImv {]th
inptm, Iqcae Xosmset]mse kakv Xhkv Xp
fpw As\bs\ AgnbptXmSpIqSn C{]Imcsav ]d
bXm hyYtbbpw `bImZntbbpw {]m]nv A{]Imcw
Xs \inv ImeXzamb Xs A\p`qXnbn\npw thsdb
msX hnp t]m Ipw. k kw lm c Im e Xzw B A\p `q Xn
bn\npw {]]hneWambpw ssNX\yn\n\yambpw
kkwlmcintbmSpIqSnbXmbpw A\p`qXnbnepZn {]Imcw
t\msm A{]ImcapZn A\p`qXnhrnbpsS KpWs
hnv thtd CmXmbpw PUambpw `hnv, ap]d{]Imcw
digitized by www.sreyas.in
185
ZrKv[n ASn AXn\n\yambnnmsX hnp\nevpw.
B BZrjvSnbmIs Imes ISv \nevbm ImeIme
\mb {]Xyns\ ImeXzw Hcnepw kw_nbn. C{]
Imcw hnthNn\p`hnm kIessZzXtbpw kwlcnv B
kzcq]n AXn\nv thdnmsX BZrm `pPnsv
AXp am{Xambn tijnp \nevpw. AhnsS tNmpcpf t]mse
bp ssZzX {] ] hpw D] I c Ww t]m ep Ime X zhpw
`nsam{Xbn {]XytKIckambn (Bm\w) {]Im
inpw.B A\p`qXn\nesb aXnbvhcmcv? t\mm in
bp h cmcv ? C{] Imcw Ime X zs Pbn m AhnsS
{Xn]pSnbnmXpsImv a\pw \inp t]mIpw. AXp\nanw
at\mP\yamb P\\acWmZnkZpxJfpw \ont]mIpw. A{]
Imcw Xs kIe hn[n\ntj[cq]fmb imkv{Xfm ]d
bs _lphn[fmb ]pWy]m], kz\cI, D
\oNfmb P\\mZnI, kv, Zmcn{Zyw, tcmKw apXemb kI
ehpw I ns ^e ambn Im hns\ kw_ n Xmbn
]dbsXmsWp hcnInepw Ah PmXnhm{ia[ \oXn
IpetKm{XmZnIv B{ibfmbn t{]Xfmbncnp ico
cfpsS A[ymks ]pckvcnv, knnncnbm icocm
[ymkw \onbm I_hpw \ontmIpw. I_w
\onbm It_m[Iamb AXn`bcimkv{Xw \nanambp
mb `bhpw \ontmIbm Ipw`o]mImZn \cIfmIs
Akn]{XmZntLmch\fmIs {_mZnkvX_map tbm\n
Ifn P\\amIs Cu kIeXpw, tZlm[ymks \on tZl
kmnbmb {]XyK`n]camkzcq]s A\\yambn\p`hn
ptm, B Bkzcq]w PmXnKpW{Inbmiq\yambn kPm
Xob hnPmXob kzKXt`ZclnXambn (kPmXobsapw, hnPm
Xobsapw, kzKXsapw t`Zw aqp hn[nepv. Hcp PmXn
bns cp hkvXp Xnep t`Zn\v kPmXobt`Zw
Fp ]dbpp. cp PmXnbns hkvXp Xnep t`Zw
hnPmXobamWv. Hcp hkvXphnep Ahbh Xnep t`Zw
kzKXamIpp. Bmhn\v Cu aqp Xcnep t`Zhpan.
GIamIbm hnPmXobt`Zhpw \nKpWhpw \nchbhhpamI
bm kzKXt`Zhpw Csv kmcw). AssZzXambn Nnm{Xambn
(JnsSm ]cam\ns {]Xym\p`hw.) AJss
I c km ] tcm km m Xv m c ambn {]Im in bm BIm i
at\m\miw ipmssZzX`mh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
186 AssZzXNnm]Xn
n, taSv, ]w (Ippw Ipgnbpw) Cht]mse kzcq]n C
{]]w, {]]Iev]Iamb a\v kakvXhpw Ime{Xbnepw
DZnm\nSbn F Bm\p`qXnbpmbnB Wn Xs
at\m\mihpw knnpw. CXpXsbmWv apJym[nImcnIfpsS
at\m\mi am\ncq]Ww.
a[ymam[nImcnI at\m\miams {]m]npXn\v lT
tbmKmZnI (lTtbmKw, cmPtbmKw, ebtbmKw, `ntbmKw
apXembh) ]cnioentXmIpp. Cu cp amw sIm
msX at\m\mi \nanambn ammcan. Bmhv Xm\mbn
cn\nanw at\mPbw kpe`ambnpw apapphm Bmhv
{ihWmZn km[\wsImv AdtmSpIqSn (DdnmsX)At\zjn
bm at\mPbw ITn\ambpw `hnpw. C{]Imcw sXfnmepw.
injym\p`qXn
injy\pw A{]Imcw BNmcycpsS IcpWmISmamIp
hmfns\ hnthIamIp In [cnv m\iqc\mbn Aap
Jstm tZl{Xbm[ymkamb aqp incpIfpw BhcW
hnt]sf cp incpIfpw AhtbmSpIqSnb a\mIp
aqJkhpw cpksat]mse ImWmsXmgntm,
Hmtlm! \n\ am {X bn InSp a\ s hnsS? temIw
FhnsS? Imew FhnsS? amXmhns DZcw FhnsS? Bcyw!
Bw! Fv aIgvv (B\nv) at\mPbs {]m]nv \njvT
bn {]th inv , A\ cw _lnap J \mbn (hyp n X Z isb
{]m]nv) BNmcysc \akvcnp. knZm\mJssIck
amb Rm Fn \nv thdmbn Hpw ImWpn. cpk
amb a\v Fs Fs\ Xopw? Rm Xs kIme
nepah, Fn{]Imcw ]dv injy B\]chi
\mbn \nevptm {]Xn_[zwkmambntm {_m\e
lcnbmtem IcpWm[nIyhntijmtem BNmcy adp]Snbpw
tate AcpfnsbvXv AhbpsS kmctbpw AXnclkyambncp
fpp.
D]tZikmcw
Fmnt\bpw ]cntim[npt\mptm Ah Zriysapw
Zrv Fpw cp hkvXpfmbnncnbpw. AXn Zriyw PU
digitized by www.sreyas.in
187
sav ]dbsSpw. Zrv Nnspw ]dbsSpw. PUamb Zriyw
Zrns D]m[nbmbnpw, Zriyns D]m[nbmbnpw cp ]ncn
hpXmbn `hnv Bm\mhkvXpt]mse tXmpamdp
\nevpw (PUamb icocmZnI tNX\kw_m Bm
hnt\tmsebpw icocmZn`namb {]]w Bkw_anmsX
A\mmhmbpw tXmpw.) B hn[ Zrns D]m[ntbm Imhv,
t`mmhv, mXmhv; kpJn F Pothm]m[nIfmbpw Akw
tKm Zm ko \ km n Iq S {_ ] c am m sh {]Xy Kv {_
tm]m[nIambpw `hnp \nevpw.JmJfmIp {]]
sf _lnapJambmIs hnjboIcnptm hnjbmIm
cfmbn ]cnWanv tXmnb hrnI, ^esap ]dbsSpw.
AhtbmSpIqSn LSw, ]Sw, aTw F Iev]\tbmSv hnjbsf
Nqnb_pn NnZm`mkhrnsbv ]dbsSpw. Cu ]e NnZm
`mkhrnIfpZnpw AkvXanpw Ahsb IpdnmsX {]Imin
pXn\v ImcWambncnp\nnImchrn kmnhrnbm
Ipw. Cu kmnhrnbn {]IminpIsImv ]cammhns\
kmnsbpw Iev]\mhrnbn {]Xn^enXpsImv NnZm
`mks\pw, ^ehrnbn {]Xn^enXpsImv hnjbsapw
NnZm`mkhrn DZnptmgpw AXnm[mcambncp \ncmImc
kmnhrnbn {]Xn^en ssNX\ysXs kzcq]ambn
sImv X\Xv kmnkz`mhw adpt]mbXp \nanw Am
ansbpw Xs adhm B Bmhv ImWsSmbvI \nanwB
Amanbmb Cui ]tcms\pw hnthIm\p`qXnbm
Ahs\ Xm\mb\p`hnptm Xmt\ A]tcmamb {_kz
cq]sapw {ipXnbpnIsf hnSmsXA\p`hambn ]dbmdmIpw.
hrnhnebw
C{] Im c a dnv _ tam hy h lm c n \m [m c amb
ssZzXmssZzhnImkt`Zsamw ap]d hrnt`Zs IqSmsX
{]tXyIambnnmbvIbmepw B hrnt`Zfpw Iev]nXfpw
kzX{kbnmhbpamIbmepw LS]SmZn Cl]cfmbn
]cnWan ^ehrnsb AXns\ Nqp NnZm`mkhrnbnepw,
AXns\ AXn\npw adpw AXns\ AdnbpXpamb kmn
hrnbnepambn ebnnv, kmnhrnam{Xambncnptm,
Zriy kakvXhpw ZrmbnpXs ImWpp. B ZrKp]m
at\m\miw ipmssZzX`mh\
digitized by www.sreyas.in
188 AssZzXNnm]Xn
[nbn Zriyw \onbncpmepw, AhnsS DZnp hnthIm
B ZpKp]m[n, Zriyambn, \ncp]m[nI Zrpam{Xambn, tijnv
kzbw Xm\mbn {]Iminpw. CXt{X kIethZmfptSbpw
Npcpw.
ZrIvZriyhnthIw
ssZzXw ZriyamIpp. Zrv AssZzXamWv. AXpXs
kzbwhkvXp. Bmhns\ At\zjnmepw PKs At\zjn
mepw kzbwhkvXphmbn At\zjnm (t\mnbm) {]XyK
`n{_amIp IqS\mb Xm\mbnpXs kIehpw {]Im
inpw; AsXs\sbm kzbw tKm]pcsanS,v AXn
ImWp Nn{Xcq]sf tKm]pcasv \ntj[nn Ah B
D]m[nsb hnp \opw.
AssZzX{_m\p`qXn
A{]Imcw Xs Hmtcm D]m[nItfbpw \onm \ncp
]m [n I ambn Zriym Zr iy `mhw IqSmsX t`Zn s SmsX kzbw
Xm\mbnpX {]Iminpw. A{]Imcw kzbw PKmbnv t\mn
bm Cu PKpw Xs D]m[nIsf hnv \on ZriymZriy
tXm IqSmsXkzbw Xm\mbn {]Iminpw. BIbm \o
Rm AXv CXv PKv Cuizc Poh Kpcp injy
_w tamw apXemb t`Zw, Ch \onb At`Zw, Cu ka
kvXhpw Xs B Bmhns\ IqSmsX thdn. Xm Xs
{Xnhn[]cntZ\clnX\mbn Aklmbiqc\mb kzbw {]Imi
ambkzbw almb kzbw {]`phmIbm C{]Imcw {]Imin
p \n\v C\n FmWv D]tZinXv, FcpfnsbvXv
cpt]cpw (Kpcphpw injy\pw) Xm\mbn kzbambn {]Iminp.
Hmw imnx imnx imnx
digitized by www.sreyas.in

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