THUYT MINH BN V THIT K K THUT THI CNG

Cc tiu chun thit k p dng.

- Tiu chun thit k Chiu sng nhn to bn ngoi cc cng trnh cng cng v k
thut h tng th tiu chun thit k TCXDVN 333:2005 ngy 04/04/2005.
- Quy chun k thut quc gia v k thut in, QCVN: QT-7:2008/BCT.
- Tiu chun thit k Chiu sng nhn to ng ph, qung trng th TCXDVN
259-2001.
- Quy phm trang b in 11-TCN-18-2006 n 11-TCN-21-2006.
- Tiu chun ni t v ni khng thit b in TCVN 4756-1989.
I. Phng n thit k h thng chiu sng.
- Lp t t iu khin chiu sng ngoi tri 500V-50A iu khin ton b h thng n
chiu sng cng cng trong khu chung c.
- Ngun in cp cho t iu khin chiu sng c ly t t in trm hin c (u
ngun pha sau sau Aptmt tng ca t in trm). Cp u ngun dng cp ng ngm
Cu/XLPE/PVC/DSTA/PVC 3x10+1x6mm2, Cp cp ngun cho h thng chiu sng l cp ng
ngm Cu/XLPE/PVC/DSTA/PVC 3x4+1x2,5mm2.
- Ton b h thng chiu sng c cp in bng cp 3 pha 4 dy c trung tnh ni t.
- H thng chiu sng chia lm 3 tuyn, mi tuyn cp in cho h thng chiu sng ca
mt block chung c.
- Dy ln n s dng cp ng Cu/PVC/PVC 0,6-1 kV c tit din 2x2,5 mm
2
.
II. Thit k lp t tuyn cp chiu sng.
1. Cc n chiu sng.
H thng chiu sng bao gm: Ct n cao p H=7m cn n lp bng 250W:
Quy cch chn cp chiu sng:
- Cp chiu sng c chn trc tip trong t su 0,7m, pha trn cp 0,2m lt mt
lp gch th cnh bo v bo v cp v lp t t nhin. Trn b mt khong cch 10m lt mt
vin gch block ch hng cp ngm.
- Tuyn cp ngm i pha trong mng thot nc mt, cch mp trong mng thot nc
0,2m. Mng ct dng p st mp mng thot nc. Ct mt trn ca mng cao hn ct nn sn
ng ni b l 0,1m trnh ngp nc. Dc tuyn cp phi lm du hng cp ngm trn nn va
h.
- Cp ngm c i trong ng nha xon HDPE D65/50 vi cp u ngun v D40/30 vi
cp xut tuyn bo v cp
2. Thit k lp t ct, n chiu sng.
3.1 Gii php b tr chiu sng.
- B tr chiu sng t pha nh ra sn, ng bng ct thp m km nhng nng 6m-9m,
lp bng 100W.
3.2 Dy cp chiu sng v u ni.
Dy cp cp in t ng trc ti n dng dy Cu/PVC/PVC 2x2,5mm2. u ni t
tuyn cp trc ln n:
- Trn mi ct n chiu sng lp 01 bng in bng Bakelite ta tin hnh u ni.
- Cc bng in c t chm trong ct ti v tr ca ct v c y bng cnh ca ct,
cc u cp c s l bng u ct ng, sau khi u ni xong c bng bng bng cch in.
3.3 nh s tr.
+ Tt c cc v tr tr u phi nh s tr qun l. Quy cch nh s tr p dng theo Quyt
nh s 16/2012/Q-UBND ngy 12/4/2012 ca UBND thnh ph c th nh sau:
+ Ch, s trong bin s tr lp n chiu sng:
- Ch, s c chiu cao 60mm; chiu ngang ch, s tu theo kch thc, tit din ca tr
lp n chn phong ch cho ph hp v c b tr nh sau:
- Hng th nht (trn cng): L ch CS (vit tt ca ch chiu sng) nhm phn bit vi
cc tr ca vin thng hay in lc.
- Hng th 2: L cc ch s th hin v tr tr lp n thuc tuyn chiu sng chnh;
- Hng th 3: L cc ch s th hin v tr tr lp n thuc tuyn chiu sng nhnh r
(nu c).
- Hng th 4: L k hiu t iu khin trn tuyn chiu sng, gm cc ch, s:
+ Ch: c vit tt bng ch ci u (ch in hoa) ca tn tuyn chiu sng;
+ S: Th hin v tr ca t iu khin trn tuyn chiu sng.
+ Nn ca bin s tr lp n c sn t nht l 2 lp mu trng
+ Mu ca ch v s trong bin s tr lp n c sn t nht l 2 lp:
- Mu xanh dng: Trong trng hp tr lp n c kt hp vi tr ca in lc;
- Mu en: Trong trng hp tr lp n chiu sng ring bit.
+ Cao ca bin s tr lp n:
- Cao ca bin s tr lp n c tnh t mt t (c cao = 0) n cnh trn cng
ca bin t 1m n 1,5m.
- Bin s tr lp n c th hin v tr d nhn thy nht.
+ i vi cc tr lp n chiu sng c tit din nh, bin s tr khng th hin c ht ni dung
nh trn th cho php s dng vt liu khc lm bin s tr, nhng ni dung bin phi m bo
cc yu cu trn.
4. Thng s k thut ct v n chiu sng:
4.1 Ct n trn hoc bt gic cn cao 6m - 9m:
- Ct n hnh trn hoc bt gic bng thp m km nhng nng, cao 6m - 9m.
- y ct 150, 191 ngn 60,78.Dy 2mm-3mm
- Cn n n cao 2m, vn xa 1,2m, thp dy 2,0mm.
- Ct v cn n sau khi gia cng c m km nhng nng.
- Ca ct c thit k c vt thun tin cho vic u ni in v bo dng, cao ca ct
cch mt bch 0,9m, trnh nc ngp vo ca ct, gy mt an ton.
4.2 n chiu sng:
- Yu cu chung:
- B n s dng phi t tiu chun sn phm tit kim nng lng theo tiu chun quc
gia.
- Thn n bng nhm c p lc cao, b mt sn tnh in, phi c ngun gc xut s
r rng, cng ngh c hin i, s dng khun c bng kim loi, c p lc cao bng
my. Ngn linh kin c kn l IP54, khi quang hc l IP66. Cho phn quang ch to t
nhm nguyn cht, b mt c nh bng in ho v ant ho m bo phn b nh sng
tt. Knh n m bo chu va p v chu nhit cao. B n phi c cp bo v chng tc
ng c hc.
- Tiu chun ch to: IEC60598-1-2-3.
- Cng sut: 250W
- in p: 220V
- Quang thng: 13000lm
- Nhit mu: 1950 K
- L loi n phng in trong hi Natri, p sut cao. ch h quang (n hot
ng), cc bt x pht ra nh sng mu vng cam.
- ui n E40
4.3 Tnh ton phn chiu sng.
Ta chn chiu cao treo n l H=6m-9m( bao gm cn n), b tr mt dy, hnh chiu n cch
mp ng a=0,7m. Ta s dng n Natri cao p
Vi c tnh ca ng nh cho, theo tiu chun EIC ch s R = 14.

T s k
l/ H
=3.
ri trung bnh cn thit theo
biu thc:
E
tb
=R.L
tc
,= 14x2 = 28 lx;
chi tiu chun L
tc
=2.
Khong cch trung bnh gia cc n:
l=k(l/h).H= 3x9 = 27m;
- Xc nh h s suy gim quang thng:
H s suy gim do gi ha ca n Natri cao p k
gh
=0,95 v
h s suy gim do bi bn ng vi n chp h khu vc t bi l k
bb
=0,9.
Nh vy h s suy gim quang thng:
k
sg
= k
gh
.k
bb
= 0,95x0,9 = 0,855;
- Xc nh h s li dng quang thng:
theo biu ng vi gi tr 1,14 ta tm c k
ld.t
= 0,52;
theo biu ng vi gi tr 0,077 ta tm c k
ld.t
= 0,062;
Nh vy h s li dng quang thng tng s l:
k
ld
= k
ld.t
+k
ld.s
= 0,52 + 0,062 = 0,582;
Quang thng cn thit ca n xc nh theo biu thc:
Trong s cc loi n Natri cao p ta chn loi c F
c
= 13000 lm, cng sut P

= 100W
Khong cch tnh ton gia cc n c xc nh theo biu thc:
S lng n ca 1 km chiu di:
Biu xc nh h s li dng quang thng k
ld
=f( )
5. Tip a h thng chiu sng
5.1 Tip a an ton
Mi v tr ct cui h thng chiu sng c ng 01 h thng tip a bng thp gc m
km nhng nng L63x63x6 di 2,5m lm tip a an ton, ng su di mt t t nhin 0,1m.
Dy tip t dng thp-F10 hn ni gia cc cc tip a vi ct chiu sng. Sau khi thi cng
xong nu in tr tip a o c khng m bo tr s in tr tip a R
Z
30 phi bo n v
thit k, thit k b sung.
5.2 Tip a t chiu sng.
T in iu khin chiu sng v cc ct n c ni t bng dy ng M10.
Sau khi thi cng xong nu in tr tip a o c khng m bo tr s in tr tip a
R
Z
30 phi bo n v thit k, thit k b sung.
III. Tnh dng pht nng cho php v tnh tn hao in p
Kim tra st p:
Tiu chun: U
max
5%
Cc iu kin tnh ton gi nh.
- Ch vn hnh bui ti: Thng thng t 8h n 23h- c th iu chnh thi gian
thch hp theo ma.
- Trong ch vn hnh bui ti: Bt sng ton b cc n trn tuyn.
- Cc n c u vo c 3 pha, phn b u, coi nh ph ti ba pha cn bng.
Tnh kim tra
Ta phn b ph ti nh sau:
Pha A: 04 bng 100W
Pha B: 05 bng 100W
Pha C: 05 bng 100W
Vy cng sut 1 pha ln nht l:
P
tt
(1 pha)=5x100=500W=0,5kW
V tt c n 1 pha v c u vo in p pha ca mng in nn ta phi qui i v cng sut 3
pha.
Cng sut 3 pha ca mng in l:
P
tt
(3 pha)=3x P
tt
(1 pha)=1,5kW
H s cos=0,8
V cp c chn trong t nn s c thm h s hiu chnh K
K=K4xK5xK6xK7
Trong :
K4=0,8: (K4 th hin nh hng ca cch lp t, cp c chn trong mng cp)
K5=0,65: (K5 th hin nh hng s dy t k nhau, cp c 4 si)
K6=0,86: (K6 th hin nh hng ca t chn cp, t rt kho)
K7=1: (K4 th hin nh hng nhit ca t, nhit t l 20
o
C)
K=0,8x0,65x0,86x1=0,4472
Dng lm vic 3p ln nht ca ph ti:
P
tt
(3 pha)=3xUxIxcosI=P/(3xUxcos)=1,5/(3x0,38x0,8)=5(A) v c s tn hao 10% nn
I=5,5(A)
Ta chn cp cho tuyn 01 l loi cp ng ngm Cu/ XLPE/ PVC/ DSTA/ PVC 3x4+1x2,5mm2
Tnh ton tn tht in p.
S thay th tng ng(s tnh ton)
L/2=100m L/2=100m v P=1,5kW



Cng sut (c tn hao 10%) 1,5kW Ph ti tng ng
Chiu di tuyn cp 01: 200m
Moment ph ti: M=P*L
tt
=100*1,5 = 150 (kWm)
Tn tht in p: U=M/(C*S*Cosj)=150/(83*4*0.8)=0.56 U
max
(5%)
- P: Tng cng sut tuyn n(kW), P=1,5(kW)
- L
tt
: Chiu di tnh ton theo s tng ng, L
tt
=L/2=100m
- S: Tit din 1 li cp(mm2), S=4mm2
- C: H s, tra bng: Vi cp li ng, cp in p 380/220, ph ti 3 pha cn bng, h s C=83.
- Cosj: H s, vi tuyn n c lp t b theo Catalo ca nh sn xut, Cosj=0,8
Kt lun: Qua tnh ton trn ta thy tit din cp chn nh trn l m bo.
IV: Bin php thi cng v lu khi thi cng.
1. Vn chuyn
- Chun b phng tin, thit b, vt t chiu sng v cc thit b khc n v tr tp kt xy dng.
- Qu trnh vn chuyn khng lm hng, bp cc thit b nh ct, n chiu sng v khng lm
xc, t dy cp cp in.
2. o h mng
- o h mng ng v tr xc nh trn mt bng, o ng kch thc, su, b rng theo thit
k. Ch kim tra cc cng trnh ngm nu c trnh lm h hng.
- Dn sch t tha, lm phng y mng v m k.
3. Cng tc b tng
- B tng mng ct, mng t c ti ch bao gm xi mng, ct vng, , nc.
- b tng ng khi lng theo thit k vi tng loi mng t n ct mt quy nh, b
tng ng cng 72 ting tr ln mi c lp t cc thit b khc ln trn.
4. Dng ct, lp chm
- Dng ct bng my kt hp vi th cng trn khung mng m bo ng yu cu k thut, ng
phng php lp dng.
- Kim tra thng ng ca ct n. Yn cu ct khng nghing, khng lch.
- Chm n c lp khp vo thn ct m bo khng b xoay, b nghing khi c lc khc tc
ng vo, ng hng.
5. Lp n
- S dng my thi cng lp t n chiu sng, n tn hiu, b in v cc thit b khc ln ct
n, sit cht cc bu lng hm vo cn n, thit b g lp.
- Bo m n khng b xoay, quay hng khi c lc khc tc ng ln.
6. Ri cp ngm, dy tip a
- Cp ngm c chn trc tip trong t t di rnh cp. Ch trnh t, xc cp. Khng
c ct cp, u ni cp gia hai khong ct.
- Lp t rnh cp bng ct en theo ng khi lng v cht yu cu. m cht v hon tr
mt bng theo hin trng.
- u ni u cp vo ca ct, lun dy ln n. Lu khng lm xc cp trnh chm chp khi
vn hnh.
7. Lp t tip a
- Mi v tr cui ct thp b tr 1 b tip a. Ti cc v tr c tip a lp li phi ng s cc
theo thit k.
- Cc tip a c chn su di t theo thit k.
- Hn ni cc tip a vi dy thp trn (hoc thp dt) phi m bo chiu di mi hn, mi hn
ngu, chc, khng c s hn (nu lp ghp bng bulng th phi dng bulng M
- Ti nc, dm cht t v o li tr s in tr tng v tr. Nu khng t phi ng thm cc,
ri thm tia the