(...

10

..

1922

1923



( )
-



,
-

Curr Med Res Opin. 2011 Nov;27 Suppl 3:13-20.


..


,
E ,
E

;;;

(
)


(

)

 &

detemir
glargine

aspart

lispro
glulisine
regular
aspart NPA

lispro NPL

regular

,
H

H

,

( - )


( )
T ( )
( )


BD Micro-Fine TM + 1ml
12.7mm/29G

2
.
50 .

BD Micro-Fine TM + 0.5ml
12.7mm/29G
BD Micro-Fine TM + 0.5ml
8mm/30G

1
. 30
50 .

BD Micro-Fine TM + 0.3ml
8mm/30G

1
.

.

""



(jet injector)

 Insuflon,



24

bolus

 ;
29G x

12mm

30G x
30G x

8mm
6mm

31G x
31G x
31G x

8mm
6mm
5mm

32G x
32G x
32G x

8mm
6mm
4mm

 G (Gauge);

G

 mm ()

:

 , ,

/
,


(5-6mm)

(6-8mm)

(8mm)

45

90

90

, stress

( < <
< ).



:



( ,
)


,

,


4


,
,

: (2-8oC)
: (
3 )
25o
(4-6 )

:
25oC
(6 )

,



.

900

450


,
10 sec,

 ;

()

 = 2 mm
(+ )
.. 2,02mm 4

3.0mm


90 ?

2,5 cm,

5 cm

,

,

.
HbA1c

of patients (%)
Proportion
%

any
episode

50

10

40

Ins8

30

20

10

SU
0

12

15

Years from ran

UKPDS, 1996


2
.
10.0

Conventional Insulin Chlorpropamide Glibenclamide

7.5

kg

5.0
2.5
0.0
-2.5

4
6
8
Years from randomisation

10
UKPDS, 1996

:
: indention

:
( )

From Medline Plus, an online service of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH)

:
Incidence LH: 48.8%

3
:
1.

2.

(p=0.001),

(p=0.004),


(p=0.004)

6 mm

HME


:
)

Dr. Elliot Joslin

( Joslin Diabetes Cente

, ,