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When discussing the Scientific achievements of Medieval Islam, it is important to remember tha they did not begin until around AD750, 120 years after the death of Mohammed. If Medieval Muslims saw further than others, it is because they stood on the shoulders of Giants such as the Greeks and other Ancient peoples.
Modern Western Civilisation may not have evolved without Islam, but instead,some speculate, modern Europeans and Americans might be living in some sort of reconstituted Roman Empire.
Some Historians claim that Islam caused the Dark Ages in Europe.According to this Theory, Classical Mediterranean Civilisation survived the fall of the Roman Empire and was destroyed by Islam in the AD700'S when they closed the Mediterranean to contact between Western Europe and the Middle East.
See also "Mohammed and Charlemagne" by Henri Pirenne. http://www.amazon.com/Mohammed-Charle...
This book claims that the real cause of the collapse of learning and literacy in Western Europe after AD700 was the disappearance of imported Egyptian papyrus, the only cheap writing material due to an Arab trade embargo against Christians.
The book can be found at http://www.felibri.com/node/18 among other places.The author claims that the barbarians who took over the West Roman Empire became rapidly Romanised and that they greatly admired Roman culture which they preserved.
Thanks for the message.I am undecided as to whether or not this is true as it is such a controversial idea.I read of it in a book called "Holy Warriors: Islam and the Demise of Classical Civilization" by John O'Neill
Thought provoking insights and comments, Doctor_Jones. I'd appreciate additional info or links re: "Islam caused the dark ages in Europe," like you put in other threads. This started me really thinking. Thanks.
The Golden Age of Islam was based on the achievements of other ancient peoples, especially the Greeks, Persians, Indians and Chinese. The achievements of Muslims in the Middle Ages has very little to do with the Koran.