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PAGAN
CHRISTS
STUDIES
IN
COMPARATIVE
HIEROLOGY
JOHN
M.
ROBERTSON
i>UEl>
FOR
THE
RATIONALISTPRESS
ASSOCIATION,
IJMITK.(J
WATTS
&
CO.,
17,
JOHNSON'S
COURT,
FLEET
STREET,
LONDON,
E.G.
1903
 
CONTENTS
PREAMBLE
xi
PART
I.
THE
RATIONALE
OFRELIGION
CHAP.
I.
THE
NATURALNESS
OF
ALL
BELIEF.
PAGE
1.
5.6.
7.
Origin
of
Gods
from
fear
from
love
Beloved
Gods
the
Christs
of
the
world's
pantheon
Arbitrary
Classifications
All
beliefs
results
of
reasoning
Taboo
Formulas
of
Mr.
Lang
and
Mr.Jevons
Primary
and
secondary
taboo
Moral
correlations
Theory
of
religion
and
magic
.
Mr.
Jevons's
theories
of
religious
evolution
Contradictions
Thesis
of
"
superstition
"
.
Scientific
view
of
the
"religious
consciousness"
idea
of
"the
supernatural"
Fear
versus
gratitude
Rise
of
magic
Meaning
of
"
religion
"
.
Mr.
Frazer's
definition
its
inadequacy
Conflict
of
for-
mulas
Antiquity
of
magic
Analogies
of
religion,
magic,
and
science
Magic
homogeneous
with
religion
Inconsis-
tencies
of
magic
Magic
in
the
Old
Testament
Inconsis-
tencies
of
later
religion
.....
The
scientific
induction
Magic
and
religion
interfluent
The
theory
of
prayer
Mr.
Jevons's
reasoning
here
reduces
the
religious
type
to
theAtheists
and
Agnostics
Mr.
Jevons's
seriesof
self-contradictions
His
coincidence
with
Mr.Frazer
in
excluding
belief
from
the
concept
ofreligion
.......
His
contradictorydoctrine
of
the
conditions
of
survival
in
religion
Value
of
his
work
Causes
of
its
fallacies
The
continuity
of
religious
phenomena
Homogeneity
of
all
magic
and
religious
ritual
Elijah
as
magician
Com-
parative
harmfulness
of
priesthoods
and
sorcerers
The
dilemma
of
Christian
ethics
Philosophy
in
religion
Mr.
Jevons's
psychology
"
Impressions
"
versus
"
projections
"
Results
of
his
classification
Religion
"
rational
"
even
if
not
"
reasonable
".
.....
11
20-23
2K
;}
30-36
906
 
vi
CONTENTS
PAGE
10.
The
beginning
of
the
end
of
religion
Early
interweaving
of
cosmology
and
ethics
Fear
and
gratitude
alike
operative
in
time
Ancestor-
worshipMr.
Jevons's
thesis
of
its
late-
ness
His
argument
finally
a
petitlo
principii
Evidence
against
him
from
his
own
pages
"Ghosts"
reruns
"spirits"
.......
30-41
S
11.
Historic
view
of
ancestor-
worship
Conflict
of
formulas
of
Mr.
Lang
and
Mr.Frazer
The
anthropological
solution-
Fluctuations
in
the
status
of
ancestor-
Gods
Taboo
of
names
not
necessarily
oblivion
Gods'
names
tabooed
Gods
relatively
raised
and
ancestors
depressed
Primary
deificationof
ancestors
implied
in
the
facts
Verbalist
definitions
of
"ancestor"
Ancestorsone
of
the
types
of
friendly
God
Gods
originating
from
abstractions
Argu-
ments
of
Von
Iheringand
Fustel
de
Coulanges
on
ancestor-
worship
Propitiation
from
fear
and
from
love
Horde-
ancestor
Gods
and
family
Gods
Evolution
of
law-giving
God
........
41-49
5
12.
Interactions
of
norms
of
conduct
Religion
and
monarchy
Religious
cast
given
to
law
and
ethics
The
authoritarian
element
a
mark
of
religion
.....
4D-51
45
13.
Definition
of
religion
.....
51-53
CHAI-.
II.
COMPARISON
AND
APPRAISEMENT
OF
RELIGIONS.
$
1.
Christianpartisanship
Difficulty
of
being
impartial
The
authoritarian
ideal
Genius
and
religious
reform
Rarity
of
reform
through
pr'esthoods
Reality
ofpriestcraft
.
54-57
2.
Fictitious
literature
Reform
by
strategy
Conditions
of
moral
betterment
for
the
Hebrews
Conditions
of
religious
survival
........
57-fiO
S
;'.
Religious
evolution
conditioned
politically
and
socially
Monotheism
and
polytheism
alike
thus
conditioned
No
unique
bias
in
thecase
of
Israel
Pressures
towards
mono-
theism
and
towards
polytheism
The
former
usually
an
external
bias,
without
psychological
sincerity
Hebrew
and
Roman
theology
compared
Monotheism
does
grow
out
of
polytheism
Hebrew
monotheism
nota
monarchic
but
a
sacerdotal
creation
Monotheistic
and
polytheisticethic
compared
-The
conventional
view
Ethic
associated
with
"
Supreme
"
Gods
Rational
tests
Ethic,
of
post-exilic
Judaism
Economic
forces
in
cult-making
Chastening
effects
of
national
disaster
.....
1)1-70
$
4.
Babylonian
influences
on
Judaic
thought
Higher
develop-
ments
of
polytheism
International
ethic
lower
among
monotheists
than
among
polytheists
..
.
70-75
5.
The
socio-political
factors
Social
decadence
in
Mesopo-
tamia,
with
religious
activity
Fatality
of
imperialism
.
75-77
S
<>.
Hebrew
evolution
Rise
of
the
cult
of
Yahweh
Literary
beginnings
Practical
polytheism
The
attempted
reforms
of 00

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