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Experiment no. 4
Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger
Objective:
1.
To study the working principle of parallel flow and counter flow heat exchangers.2.
To study effect of fluid temperature on counter flow heat exchanger performance3.
To study effect of fluid flow rates on heat exchanger performance
Theory:
A heat exchanger is a piece of process equipment in which heat exchange takes place betweentwo fluids that enter and exit at different temperatures. The primary design objective of theequipment may be either to remove heat from a hot fluid or to add heat to a cold fluid.Depending upon the relative direction of fluid motion, shell-and-tube heat exchangers areclassified as parallel flow, counter flow, cross flow. In parallel flow, the hot and cold fluids flowin the same direction and therefore enter the exchanger on the same end and exit the exchangeron the same end. In counter flow, the two fluids flow in opposite directions and thus enter theexchanger and exit the exchanger from opposite ends. Cross flow heat exchangers will not beanalyzed as a part of this laboratory experiment.
Figure 1 - Diagram of Parallel and Counter Flow Configurations
Observations:
Hot Water Cold Watert
hi
t
hmid
t
ho
t
ci
t
cmid
t
co
Temperature (
o
C)
51 48 46 29 35 39
Parallel HXQ
c
= 1 lpmQ
h
= 2 lpmCorres. Length (m) 0 0.75 1.5 0 0.75 1.5Temperature (
o
C)
51
48 46 31 36 41
Counter HXQ
c
= 1 lpmQ
h
= 2 lpmCorres. Length (m) 0 0.75 1.5 1.5 0.75 0
Table 1 - Raw Data for Parallel Flow and Counter Flow Effectiveness Calculation
H e a t E x c h a n g e r Q
c
l p m Q
h
l p m m
c
c
c
m
h
c
h
( m c )
m i n
∆
t
c
∆
t
h
t
h i
- t
c i
m
c
c
c
∆
t
c
m
h
c
h
∆
t
h
є
= m
c
c
c
∆
t
c
o r m
h
c
h
∆
t
h
/ ( m c )
m i n
( t
h i
- t
c i
)
ParallelFlow1 2 69.75 139.5 69.75 10 5 22 697.5 697.5 0.45455CounterFlow1 2 69.75 139.5 69.75 10 5 20 697.5 697.5 0.5
Table 2 - Calculation for Parallel Flow and Counter Flow Effectiveness CalculationFigure 2 - Parallel Flow Graph Figure 3 - Counter Flow Graph
Hot Water Cold WaterQ
cold
(lpm) Q
ho
(lpm)t
hino
C t
hmido
C t
hoo
C t
cin
o
C t
cmido
C t
coo
C1 2
66.5
61 59 29 39 46
1 2
61
56 54 29 37 44
1 2
56
52 50 29 36 41
1 2
51
48 46 29 35 39
Corr. Length for temperature (m) 0 0.75 1.5 0 0.75 1.5
Table 3 - Raw Data for Water Temperature Variation in Parallel Flow
Hot Water Cold WaterQ
cold
(lpm) Q
ho
(lpm)t
hino
C t
hmido
C t
hoo
C t
cin
o
C t
cmido
C t
coo
C1 2
51
48 46 31 36 41
1 2
56
54 49 31 38 44
1 2
61
58 53 30 38.5 46
1 2
66
62 56 29 39 49
Corr. Length for temperature (m) 0 0.75 1.5 1.5 0.75 0
Table 4 - Raw Data for Water Temperature Variation in Counter Flow
COUNTER FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER
Hot Water Cold WaterQ
cold
(lpm) Q
hot
(lpm)t
hino
C t
hmido
C t
hoo
C t
cin
o
C t
cmido
C t
coo
C2 1 66 57 49 29 32 382 2 66 60 55 29 34 412 3 67 62 57 29 35 432 4 67 63 59 29 36 44Corr. Length for temperature(m) 0 0.75 1.5 1.5 0.75 0
PARALLEL FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER
Hot Water Cold WaterQ
cold
(lpm)Q
hot
(lpm)t
hino
C t
hmido
C t
hoo
C t
cin
o
C t
cmido
C t
coo
C2 1 51 46 43 29.5 31.5 33.52 2 51 47 45 29.5 32.5 352 3 51 48 46.5 29.5 33 372 4 50.5 48.5 47 30 33.5 37.5Corr. Length for temperature(m) 0 0.75 1.5 0 0.75 1.5
Table 5 - Raw Data for Flow Rate Variation in Counter & Parallel Flow
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