Chemical Bond III

Covalent Bonding

Covalent bonds

are formed by atoms

sharing electrons

to form

molecules

.This type of bond usually formed between

two non-metallic elements.

The molecules might be that of an

element ie one type of atom

only ORfrom

different elements

chemicallycombined to form a

compound

.3.

The covalent bonding is caused by themutual electrical attraction between thetwo positive nuclei of the two atoms of the bond, and the electrons between them.4.

One

single covalent bond

is a sharing of

1 pair of electrons

, two pairs of sharedelectrons between the same two atomsgives a double bond and it is possible fortwo atoms to share 3 pairs of electronsand give a triple bond.

Examples of Covalent Bond

Chlorine phosphorusoxygencarbon dioxidenitrogenTetrachloro-methaneHydrogensulfur dioxideNumber of Covalent bonds depends on howmany pairs of electron been shared.Number of electronExample and type of covalentbond1 pairtype of covalent bond

2 pairtype of covalent bond

3 pairtype of covalent bond

Example of covalent bondSingle BondChlorine Water

2Ammonia TetrachloromethaneDouble BondOxygen Carbon Dioxide

3Triple BondPredicting The Molecular FormulaNon-metal element that bond togetherElement X valency Element YvalencyMolecularFormulaGroup IV Group VIIGroup IV Group VIGroup V Group VIIGroup VI Group VIIExample 1The diagram below shows the electronarrangements inamolecule of compound YZ

.Which one of the following pairs of elements could be Y and Z? XYAargon neonBcalcium fluorine Ccarbon oxygen Doxygen hydrogen Esulphur chlorineExample 2Example 3Example 2Exercise1What is the total number of sharedelectrons in the ethene molecule?A6D12

B8E16 C10 2In which of the following pairs do theelements form a compound by sharingelectrons? Acarbon and chlorine Blithiumand iodine Cneon and oxygen Dpotassium and bromine