Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Classification:
1. Hypoproliferative
2. Hemolytic
3. Loss of RBC
Diagnostic Methods:
1. CBC
2. Serum Vit B12 and folate acid level
3. Bone marrow aspiration
Manifestations:
Medical Managements:
1. The goal is to correct or control the cause of anemia and replace loss or destroyed
RBC’s by transfusing packed RBC’s
Nursing Management
1. Manage fatigue
2. maintaining adequate nutrition
3. maintaining adequate perfusion
Types:
Aplastic Anemia
- a rare disease caused by a decrease in or damage to marrow stem cells in the bone
marrow reducing hematopoiesis
- can be congenital or acquired (from medications, chemicals)
Manifestations:
1. Gradual onset marked by complications: infection, fatigue, pallor and dyspnea
2. Purpura
3. Retinal hemorrhage are common
4. Repeated sore throat
- a condition in which the total body iron content is decreased and iron stores are
depleted.
Manifestations:
Nursing Managements:
1. Administer IM or IV iron in cases when oral iron is not absorbed or poorly tolerated
2. Take iron an hour before meals
3. Health teaching on iron preparation (STAFB)
Manifestations:
DX Methods:
Medical Managements:
- severe hemolytic anemia resulting from the inheritance of the sickle hemoglobin gene
(Hbs) which causes defective hemoglobin molecule.
- Inherited
- Sickle RBC’s have shortened life span, resulting in anemia
- Most common in Africans
Manifestations:
1. Anemia
2. Jaundice
3. Bone marrow expands in childhood causing enlargement of bones of the face and skull
4. Tachycardia, cardiac murmur and often caridomegaly in chronic anemia
5. Heart failure in adult
6. Severe pain in various parts of the body
7. Acute chest syndrome
Leukemia
1. Lympocytic
2. Myeloctyic
Manifestations:
escape apoptosis
excess accumulation
more than immature cells
Management of ALL
Management of CLL
1. Prevent bleeding
a. assess thrombocytopenia, anemia
b. avoid trauma and injection
c. small gauge needle should be used
d. apply gentle pressure at the injection site
e. report melena, petechia, epistaxis
f. use acetaminophen instead of ASA
g. manage with bed rest
2. Prevent infection
3. Manage mucositis
a. oral care
b. avoid commercially prepared mouth washes
c. provision of comfort and relief of pain
d. adequate hydration
e. fluid and electrolyte balance.
Myeloid Leukemia
- results from defect in the hematopoietic stem cell that differentiates into all myeloid
cells : monocytes, gametocytes, basphils, neutrophils, eosonophils)
- all age groups affected
- death usually occur secondary to infection or hemorrhage.
Manifestations
symptoms:
- pain form enlarge liver or spleen
- hyperplasia of the gums
- lymphadenopathy
- headache or vomiting secondary to meningeal leukemia
- bone pain
- decreased erythrocyte and platelet
- leukocyte – low, normal or high
Diagnostic Tests:
Medical Managements:
- arises from mutation in the myeloid stem cells more normal cells present than in acute
form. A cytogenic abnormality termed Philadelphia chromosome is found in 90% to 95%
of patients.
- uncommon before 20 yrs old
- incidence rises with median age (40-50)
3 stages
1. Chronic
2. Transformation
3. Accelerated or Blastic Crisis
Manifestations