L\u00ca V\u0102N C\u01af\u1edcNG :
L\u1edaP :07QK2
MSSV: 130700690
M\u00d4N H\u1eccC : C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6 H\u1eccC

Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: l\u00faa
n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u, l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng, l\u00faa n\u1ed5i,
l\u00faa c\u1ea1n, l\u00faa t\u1ebb, l\u00faa n\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1
m\u1eb7t sinh th\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta
chia ra l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00faa c\u1ea1n.

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i l\u00faa r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3
th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i khi b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1eadm
ch\u00ed c\u00e2y l\u00faa v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n
k\u00e9m.

L\u00faa c\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y n\u00ean d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m l\u00e0 l\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai b\u00e0 con th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00faa n\u01b0\u01a1ng, do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u1eaby, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1edd gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc.

v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n l\u00faa c\u1ea1n.
L\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eddi
Tuy l\u00faa r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau, tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00faa

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 l\u00faa c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00faa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu l\u00faa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eddi. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eddi, m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbi.

L\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa c\u1ea7n t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec m\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n qua th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3ng, tr\u1ed5 b\u00f4ng. V\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 IR 64, tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng S\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 95 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 thu ho\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao 800 m c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn 110-120 ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi thu ho\u1ea1ch.

t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng v\u1ee5 hay b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n.
Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa c\u1ea3m quang
L\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa tr\u1ed5 b\u00f4ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00eam b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n ng\u00e0y.
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh 3 lo\u1ea1i:
a/ Lo\u1ea1i l\u00faa c\u1ea3m quang y\u1ebfu: Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 tr\u1ed5 b\u00f4ng, th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ed5 b\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u