Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A Report
By
Group no. 02
Level 03; Semester II
Session 2004-2005
November , 2008
DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLESALER/RETAILER
IN BARISAL CITY
SUBMITTED TO
SUBMITTED BY
Group no. 02
Level 03, Semester 02
Session 2004-2005
Group List
Abu-Al-Zubair
Registration No. 00677
Roll No.018
Dipayan Chakma
Registration No. 00676
Roll No.017
Lecturer
Department of Marketing
Dear Sir,
Please call me for any further information at your convenient time place.
Yours truly,
Group: 02
Session: 2004-05
Abstract -------------------------------------------------
01
Introduction--------------------------------- 02
Objectives----------------------------------------- 02
Methodology--------------------------------------- 03
Age--------------------------------------------------- 07
Education---------------------------------------------- 08
Annual Income--------------------------------------- 09
Family Size-------------------------------------------- 10
SWOT analysis--------------------------------------- 15
16
17
Conclusion ----------------------------------- 19
References------------------------------------
20
Appendix------------------------------------- 21
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Review of the literature is helpful to find out the research work and reports with
relevant to the proposed research and report topic. It aims to instruct in designing the
future research problem and examining the validity of new findings. A good number
of researches have been done on entrepreneurship development. A few studies have
already been conducted regarding the topic which has given below:
The main objective of this study is to pin-point the favorable socioeconomic factors and
relevant issues for entrepreneurship development with particular reference to developing the
departmental stores. In the light of this main objective and the research problem cited above,
the specific objectives of the study have been earmarked as follows:
(i) To bring to focus socio-economic background of sample entrepreneurs.
(ii) To examine the potentialities of entrepreneurship development with reference to sample
different shops.
(iii) To identify the problems faced by sample entrepreneurs.
(iv) To suggest probable lines of action to overcome these problems.
The present study was confined to the Barisal city. The reason for selecting Barisal was based
on the consideration that it will fully represent the picture of a city and be homogeneous in
terms of socio-economic environment.
The main feature of the present study is the extensive use of primary data relevant to socio-
economic factors by the sample entrepreneurs of departmental store. In order to get the
requisite primary data, a structured questionnaire was prepared in the light of the objectives
This study involves a number of problem and short comings during the conduct of the study
which are given below:
1. They are unwilling to provide sufficient primary data to us to prepare the report.
2. Owners of several shops always try to maintain the secrecy of the information.
3. Lack of proper secondary information that is very essential to prepare the report.
Research Gap
The literatures reviewed above clearly indicate that the professionals and researchers pay
comparatively little concentration to the study upon the socio-economic condition,
potentiality, problems etc. considering the development of entrepreneurship. The attributes
underlying the successful entrepreneur in Bangladesh have been mostly unexplored. Though
entrepreneurship development can accelerated the economic growth but the researchers in
Bangladesh do not appear to have much attention too to the studies on such issues. Therefore,
no sophisticated research paper or research monograph is available to the researchers.
Bangladesh is one of the most populous countries of the world. Within a small territorial area
of 55,598 square miles a population of the size of about 15 crores live, majority of them, are
illiterate, poor, unemployed. Again, the economy of Bangladesh is day by day becoming
industry base and which contributes a big percent of GDP. Entrepreneurship development is
one of the most important items in this sector. Thus, by providing employment opportunities,
Departmental stores\shops help in reducing unemployment, under-employment and disguised
unemployment on one hand and it may play a positive role in increasing economic activities.
Again, the Government of Bangladesh for sometimes back has been giving emphasis on
balanced economic development. In the latter context, departmental stores/shops has received
increased attention of the Government and the people of our country is now involving shops
without any hesitation.
Economic development and self-reliance for the people have been an important issue in the
political and economic arena of the country. Again, the entrepreneurial spirit/initiative is very
much present among the people of Bangladesh. So the issue of the entrepreneurship
development of Bangladesh in the context of shops development needs to be carefully
analyzed.
DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN
BARISAL CITY Page 13
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Federick Harbison states that the organization building ability is the most critical skill needed
for the industrial development. According to him, entrepreneurship means the skill to build
an organization (Harbison 1956: 364). However, entrepreneurship is commonly understood
as an act of drive, initiative, organized effort and achievement-oriented outlook to perform
Barisal is a district in southern Bangladesh. It is also the headquarters of the Barisal Division.
The city lies in the Padma (Ganges) River delta on an offshoot of the Kirtonkhola River. In
1876, Barisal was incorporated into a municipality and later upgraded to City Corporation
consisting of 30 wards in 2002. Due to its location and easy access to both riverine and
marine navigation channels, it has become a transshipment center for rice, hides, and pulses.
Bakery, textile, pharmaceutical products are output of a few industrial installation.
Age
Existing literature reveals that there is a relationship between socioeconomic background and
entrepreneurship development. The trading and industrial activities call for certain values
viz., acquisitive rationality, financial rationality and rationality of work etc. These can be
acquired by systematic efforts. But, in a socio-economic inheritance process some benefits,
resources and privileges are passed on from the father and other family members to the next
generations.
Table-1
Age of sample entrepreneurs at the time of starting their shops\stores
Table- 1 The owners that the sample entrepreneurs had an average (modal) age of 31.91
years at the time of starting their shops. Out of the 50 respondents, 38 (76%) established their
shops up to 35 years of their age and only 24% of the total sample entrepreneurs established
their shops after reaching 36th year of their ages. The scenario is also the same for other cities
entrepreneurs. It is also argued that this is the age when men can exert his talent, skill on one
hand and seems to be motivated to contribute towards innovation, risk taking, acquisition of
managerial capabilities and in marshalling resources for small ventures like developing
departmental store in building his career, on the other.
Education
Table-2
Table showing education of sample entrepreneurs
Table-2 reveals that the education level of sample entrepreneurs ranges from 38% in the
“H.S.C.” category, followed by 30% respondents having educational background at S.S.C.
level. Again, it has been shown that 16%, 10% and 6% of the sample entrepreneurs have
educational background Less than S.S.C., being followed by “graduate” and “post graduate,
technical and others” respectively. However, it has been gathered that 86% of the Malaysian
entrepreneurs have some formal education although the percentage of higher education is not
high. Again, most Nigerian entrepreneurs are primary school leavers and Hong Kong
entrepreneurs have lower level of academic achievement and Chinese generally thinks
business as a substitute for education. But, the formal education is expected to increase the
supply of entrepreneurs by making available more skill, which is necessary to entrepreneurial
endeavors.
Annual Income
Income may be conceived as a motivating factor, which induces a man to play a positive role
in sharpening his career and skill. Moreover, the income level is one of the significant
ingredients of financial incentives and thereby, ultimately affects development processes of
Below – 4000 3 6%
4001 – 7000 7 14%
7001 – 8000 10 20%
8001-11000 15 30%
11001-12000 8 16%
12001- 15000 5 10%
15001 and above 2 4%
Total 50 100%
[Source: Field Survey]
Table- 3 shows that out of 50 sample entrepreneurs interviewed, 30% have monthly income
between Taka 6001-9000, followed by 20% with income distribution of Taka 5001-6000 and
by 16% with income between Taka 9001-10000. It further portrays that the sample
entrepreneurs numbering 7 (14%), 5 (10%), 3 (6%) and 2 (4%) fall with in the income groups
of Taka 2001-5000, 10,001-13,000 below 2000 and 13001 & above respectively. It is also
true that economic gains are always conceived as a means to or as an indicator of social
status. This observation elucidates the faith on money power to gain status in the society (Siet
1974: 27).
Family Size
This factor has definite bearing on level of savings and investment and therefore on the
emergence and development of entrepreneurs. The small family size of Hong Kong
entrepreneurs has enabled them to carry on business with own savings. This has perhaps
encouraged greater amount of profit recycled for expansion and growth. In such a context, the
survey results have been shown in Table – 4.
Table – 4
Distribution of Sample Entrepreneurs According to Family size
Table – 4 reveals that out of 50 respondents, 21 (42%) have family size between 5 – 6,
followed by 15 (30%) with family size between 3 – 4 and by 7 (14%) with family size
between 7- 8. The table further shows that the sample entrepreneurs numbering 5 (10%) and
2 (4%) fall within the family size of up to 2, on one hand, and 9 & above on the other. It is,
thus, asserted that the larger family size of sample entrepreneurs perhaps causes lower rate of
savings and investment, which, in turn, may lead to adverse impact on the flourishment of
entrepreneurship.
The occupational mobility in a society, where an individual has greater freedom of choice, is
mainly determined by factors like motivation, efforts of an individual and opportunities
available. Moreover, it is argued that the socio-economic position of the father, as indicated
by his occupation, helps the entrepreneurs financially in building their occupational career as
entrepreneurs. In such a context, the collected data in this regard have been shown in Table –
5.
Table – 5
Distribution of Sample Entrepreneurs According to parental occupation
Table-5 shops owners that the occupational mobility of 27 (54%) sample entrepreneurs out
of a total of 50 have been business, followed by 9 (18%) with service. It has been further
The link between entrepreneurship and economic development is important for any country.
The determinants of entrepreneurship development are based on the socio-economic
conditions of a country. However, foreign scholars who have studied the socio-economic and
cultural setting of Bangladesh appear to think that Bangladesh has youths with potentiality to
be developed as entrepreneurs (Habibullah 1985: 49). A.F.A. Hossain fined that the
entrepreneurs in Bangladesh possess sufficient intelligence and smartness to take advantage
of available business opportunities (Hossain 1963). Study of Abdullah Farouk shows the
same result (Farouk 1983: 79). These are indicative of the potentialities of entrepreneurship
that can be developed. In such a context, the collected data in this regard have been revealed
in Table-6.
Table – 6
Factors Indicating Potentiality of Entrepreneurship Development
13.81 4
DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL WHOLE SALER/RETAILER IN
BARISAL CITY Page 21
To choose shop keeper 11 6 5 50
as a career
Total 73 57 29 362 100.00 -
[Source: Field Survey]
[Note: The ranking factor indicates 3, 2 and 1 points respectively. The overall rankings
have been made on the basis of the percentage of total weighted scores for each
facilitating factor.]
Table – 6 reveals the major factors as opined by sample entrepreneurs regarding potentiality
of entrepreneurship development. It shows that more than 32% respondents regard “self
employment” as a significant factor. It occupies the highest position in the overall ranking.
Again, 33 of them ranked it first, 9 ranked second and 5 of the sample respondents ranked it
third. The table further reveals that the factors of potentiality ranges from use of abundant
material & cheap human resources having 12.98% at the lowest, ranked at fifth, to earning
more money with 21.82% at the second highest, i.e., ranked at second position. It is further
observed that 9 sample respondents ranked it as factor number one, 21 as factor number two
and 6 as the third potential factor. It is also revealed that the other factors of potentiality are
gaining social status and choosing poultry farming as a career and in terms of rating are
17.68% and 12.98% respectively. From the above facts it can be inferred that the potentiality
of entrepreneurship development in the study areas of sample respondents is of very high
degree.
It’s Adequacy
In order to build up a stout and healthy nation, self employment is essential. The
economic development of the country can be augmented by raising entrepreneurship in a
large scale. Entrepreneurship development involves the development of the entrepreneur
himself, the human factor, and also creation of an environment where entrepreneurial
activities can flourish. Moreover, it depends on multiple factors, which may be offered in an
integrated package program.
How far such a package program is adequate? How far such a package program is adequate?
These pertinent questions require attention. Recognizing the need for knowing the attitude of
the entrepreneurship development, relevant information has been collected from the sample
entrepreneurs. Table – 7 reveals the opinions expressed by the sample respondents regarding
the factors of adequacy and efficacy in the area concerned have been processed through 7 –
points bi-polar scale system. In this scale, + 3 indicates full satisfaction, + 2 medium
satisfaction and + 1 least satisfaction and, on the contrary, - 3 indicates complete
dissatisfaction, - 2 moderate dissatisfaction and – 1 least dissatisfaction.
Table – 7
Opinions of the Sample Entrepreneurs Regarding Adequacy and
Efficacy of Package Assistance for Entrepreneurship Development
Stimulatory activities:
Supportive activities:
Sustaining activities:
Table-7 respondent that the average score for all the 10 sub-variables taken together is 1.63.
The range of score is from 1.5 to 2.0. It is indicative of the inadequacy and inefficiency of the
integrated package assistance measures for entrepreneurship development in selected areas of
sample farms. It is observed that some components of the programmed, viz., publicity for
entrepreneurial opportunities, availability of land water etc. indicate significance, which
indicates adequacy and efficiency.
Table – 8
Opinions of the Sample Entrepreneurs Regarding Problems of
Entrepreneurship Development
Table –8 owners that instability of Govt. policy and lack of adequate financial support are
two most important problems in the process of entrepreneurship development. Absence of
entrepreneurship courses in the curriculum of educational institutions affect the
entrepreneurship development adversely which ultimately frustrate the sample entrepreneurs
in taking right decision in right time like shifting to new production technology or expanding
new venture. Motivational programs offered by Government and other development agencies
do not reportedly cover the prospective entrepreneurs. Scope of training to develop skill is far
from satisfactory. It appears from the observation that MIS and research on entrepreneurship
problems are absent in study areas. Thus, it has been found that the sample entrepreneurs are
deprived of receiving right information in right time and their attitude towards integrated
package program do not corroborate in the formulation of programs of entrepreneurship
development of the country.
Policy Implications
Training to entrepreneurs has become an essential factor at this moment. For better
assessment of training needs, training of entrepreneurs is most essential. It is also necessary
to train the trainers ASIAN of entrepreneurs. Further, local resources, technology and
existing stock of problems may be considered in designing training courses for entrepreneurs
like shop keepers. In this context, educational institutions, professional bodies can also
cooperate and collaborate.
Integrated Package Assistance
Integrated package assistance, viz., stimulatory, supportive and sustaining services may be
offered by the governmental and promotional agencies to the sample entrepreneurs in order to
develop entrepreneurship in study areas. For this purpose, clear-cut policy decisions may be
advocated.
SWOT Analysis
SWOT means strength, weakness, opportunities and threat. It is essential for evaluation of a
entrepreneurship development and its future. It provides information and condition/ status on
the present situation. From this the government could take an appropriate decision for further
market development.
Strength
Weakness
The opportunities for entrepreneurship development are- high education level, large market
size, and high consumption rate of customers etc.
Threats
Several threats are presented in Barisal such as- instability of Govt. policy in the issue
concerned, lack of effective training programs, lack of adequate financial support, lack of
research on entrepreneurship problem, low power supply and tax burden.
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chowdhury, Abdul Mannan (1980), “The Emergence and Growth of Entrepreneurs in some
Developing Countries”. The Dhaka University Studies Prat-C, Vol. 9(1). Deshpande
Manohar U. (1982), Entrepreneurship of Small- Scale Industries, New Delhi: Deep
Publications.
Enke, Stepen (1978), Economics for Development, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall Inc.
APPENDIX. A
AN INTERVIEW SCHEDULE ON
Name:
Age:
Sex:
Address:
Phone:
A.Below-20 E.36-40
B.21-25 F.41-45
C.26-30 G.46-above
D.31-35
B. S.S.C
C. H.S.C
D. Graduate, Post-graduate
A. Below – 4000
B. 4001 – 7000
C. 7001 – 8000
E. 11001-12000
F. 12001- 15000
A. Up to- 2
B. 3-4
C. 5-6
D. 7-8
E. 9 and above
B. Service
C. Official
D. Business
E. Laborers
A. To be self employed
Stimulatory
activities:
• Techno-
economic
information
is available
• Motivational
training for
entrepreneu
rship is
purposeful
• Entrepreneu
rial
education is
adequate
• Publicity for
entrepreneu
rial
opportunitie
s is
Supportive
activities:
• Availability
of land,
electricity
etc.
• Provision for
tax relief is
adequate
• Arrangemen
t of fund is
adequate
Sustaining
activities:
• Marketing
facilities are
adequate
• Full capacity
utilization is
ensured
• Modernizati
on,
diversificatio
n&
expansion
program is
purposeful
Problems
Instability of Govt. policy in the issue
concerned
Lack of adequate financial support
09. General
opinion---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Date: