Mitral stenosis (MS)

Mitral valve area <1.5cm2 or valve area index <0.6cm2/m2.

The occurrence of dense, spontaneous echo contrast in the left
atrium, because of the increased ris of thromboembolism.
The presence of thrombus in the left atrial appenda!e or bod" of
the left atrium.
#ulmonar" h"pertension$
Mitral regurgitation (MR)
%evere re!ur!itation on colour flo& ima!in!.
'eft ventricular e(ection fraction <50).
'eft ventricular end*s"stolic dimension >55mm.
#ulmonar" h"pertension.
Aortic stenosis (AS)
+alve area <0.,cm2 or valve area index <0.5cm2/m2.
Maximum (et velocit" >-.0 m/sec.
'eft ventricular e(ection fraction <50).
Aortic regurgitation (AR)
%evere re!ur!itation.
'eft ventricular e(ection fraction <50).
'eft ventricular end*s"stolic dimension >55mm.
.n patients &ith mitral and aortic valve disease, the