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COLLISION
 
:
 
‘when
 
two
 
elephants
 
collide,
 
it
 
is
 
the
 
grass
 
under
 
which
 
gets
 
crushed’.
 
.
 
Here
 
is
 
something
 
on
 
collision.
 
****************************************************************************************
 
Collision
 
is
 
the
 
act
 
of
 
colliding;
 
a
 
coming
 
violently
 
into
 
contact;
 
crash.
 
A
 
collision
 
is
 
an
 
isolated
 
event
 
in
 
which
 
two
 
or
 
more
 
 bodies
 
(colliding
 
 bodies)
 
exert
 
relatively
 
strong
 
forces
 
on
 
each
 
other
 
for
 
a
 
relatively
 
short
 
time.
 
Collisions
 
involve
 
forces
 
and
 
there
 
is
 
a
 
change
 
in
 
velocity.
 
In
 
traffic
 
such
 
a
 
collision
 
can
 
 be
 
 between
 
two
 
vehicles ,
 
a
 
vehicle
 
and
 
a
 
person ,
 
a
 
vehicle
 
and
 
an
 
object ,
 
two
 
persons
 
or
 
a
 
person
 
and
 
an
 
object
 
(and
 
more
 
if
 
an
 
animal
 
is
 
involved).
 
It
 
is
 
an
 
accident
 
or
 
even
 
a
 
disaster.
 
As
 
we
 
travel
 
on
 
any
 
highway,
 
quite
 
often
 
we
 
see
 
ghastly
 
signs
 
of
 
trucks
 
colliding
 
with
 
one
 
another
 
causing
 
damages
 
and
 
injuries.
 
These
 
are
 
attributed
 
to
 
:
‐
uncontrolled
 
heavy
 
traffic,
 
mechanical
 
failures
 
especially
 
of
 
the
 
 breaking
 
system,
 
driver
 
fatigue,
 
poor
 
visibility,
 
 judgmental
 
errors,
 
supremacy
 
attitude
 
of
 
the
 
driver,
 
lack
 
of
 
patience,
 
driving
 
 by
 
persons
 
not
 
authorised
 
and
 
a
 
host
 
of
 
other
 
reasons.
 
For
 
an
 
Insurer,
 
the
 
collision
 
hurts
 
–
 
the
 
injuries
 
/
 
fatality
 
would
 
result
 
in
 
a
 
claim
 
(PA
 
/
 
MACT).
 
There
 
would
 
 be
 
own
 
damage
 
claim
 
for
 
the
 
vehicle
 
and
 
there
 
would
 
 be
 
claims
 
for
 
damages
 
to
 
the
 
cargo
 
carried
 
in
 
the
 
vehicles.
 
At
 
sea
 
it
 
is
 
much
 
more
 
serious
 
–
 
primarily
 
due
 
to
 
the
 
accumulated
 
values
 
of
 
Hull,
 
thousands
 
of
 
containerised
 
cargo
 
and
 
freight
 
not
 
to
 
speak
 
of
 
marine
 
pollution,
 
oil
 
slicks…….
 
Collision
 
damage
 
to
 
hull
 
.
 
In
 
Marine
 
insurance
 
 ,
 
collision
 
is
 
a
 
named
 
peril
 
in
 
Inland
 
transit
 
 basic
 
cover
 
and
 
‘Institute
 
cargo
 
clauses
 
–
 
C’.
 
 
At
 
land
 
vehicles
 
colliding
 
is
 
understandable
‐
 but
 
at
 
sea
 
?
 
Ocean
 
is
 
quite
 
unfathomable.
 
Steering
 
(navigating)
 
a
 
ship
 
is
 
quite
 
complex
 
and
 
different
 
from
 
the
 
way
 
we
 
drive
 
our
 
vehicles
 
on
 
road.
 
In
 
earlier
 
days,
 
Explorers
 
started
 
their
 
sojourns
 
to
 
unknown
 
destinations
 
with
 
no
 
idea
 
what
 
they
 
would
 
find
 
along
 
the
 
way.
 
Being
 
stuck
 
on
 
a
 
leaky,
 
wooden
 
 boat
 
for
 
months
 
with
 
little
 
or
 
nothing
 
to
 
eat
 
and
 
drink
 
was
 
not
 
much
 
of
 
fun.
 
Disease,
 
starvation
 
and
 
death
 
faced
 
them
 
all.
 
In
 
those
 
days,
 
position,
 
destination,
 
and
 
direction
 
at
 
sea
 
was
 
primarily
 
determined
 
 by
 
the
 
sighting
 
of
 
landmarks,
 
supplemented
 
with
 
the
 
observation
 
of
 
the
 
position
 
of
 
celestial
 
 bodies.
 
The
 
invention
 
of
 
the
 
compass
 
enabled
 
the
 
determination
 
of
 
heading
 
when
 
the
 
sky
 
was
 
overcast
 
or
 
foggy.
 
And,
 
when
 
the
 
sun
 
or
 
other
 
known
 
celestial
 
 bodies
 
could
 
 be
 
observed,
 
it
 
enabled
 
the
 
calculation
 
of
 
latitude.
 
This
 
enabled
 
mariners
 
to
 
navigate
 
safely
 
far
 
from
 
land,
 
contributing
 
to
 
the
 
Age
 
of
 
Discovery.
 
The
 
age
 
old
 
technique
 
of
 
celestial
 
navigation
 
was
 
 based
 
on
 
observation
 
of
 
the
 
positions
 
of
 
the
 
Sun ,
 
Moon ,
 
Planets
 
and
 
navigational
 
stars.
 
A
 
compass,
 
the
 
navigational
 
instrument
 
for
 
determining
 
direction
 
relative
 
to
 
the
 
earth
ʹ
s
 
magnetic
 
poles
 
greatly
 
improved
 
the
 
safety
 
and
 
efficiency.
 
Then
 
came
 
the
 
modern
 
devices
 
such
 
as
 
the
 
gyrocompass
 
and
 
the
 
Global
 
Positioning
 
System
 
(GPS).
 
Most
 
modern
 
navigation
 
relies
 
primarily
 
on
 
positions
 
determined
 
electronically
 
 by
 
receivers
 
collecting
 
information
 
from
 
satellites.
 
The
 
Navigators
 
frequently
 
use
 
charts.
 
In
 
the
 
present
 
era,
 
electronic
 
navigation
 
through
 
Radio
 
waves,
 
radar
 
which
 
determines
 
the
 
distance
 
from
 
or
 
 bearing
 
of
 
objects
 
and
 
satellite
 
navigation
 
rule
 
the
 
roost.
 
When
 
at
 
Port,
 
the
 
 big
 
vessels
 
are
 
piloted
 
into
 
restricted
 
waters.
 
With
 
all
 
modern
 
gadgets,
 
accidents
 
and
 
collisions
 
do
 
occur.
 
This
 
month
 
a
 
major
 
collision
 
occurred
 
at
 
Port
 
of
 
Dubai
 
when
 
the
 
Maltese
 
flagged
 
MT
 
Kashmir
 
collided
 
with
 
container
 
vessel
 
MV
 
Sima
 
Saba.
 
Thick
 
 black
 
smoke
 
 billowed
 
hundreds
 
of
 
feet
 
in
 
the
 
air
 
out
 
of
 
a
 
gash
 
in
 
the
 
hull
 
of
 
MT
 
Kashmir.
 
 
The
 
tanker
 
was
 
carrying
 
about
 
30,000
 
tons
 
of
 
oil
 
condensate
 
valued
 
at
 
around
 
$9
 
million.
 
Onlookers
 
saw
 
viscous
 
material
 
pouring
 
from
 
the
 
ship
 
also
 
 burning
 
on
 
top
 
of
 
the
 
water,
 
as
 
one
 
of
 
the
 
22
 
reservoirs
 
on
 
the
 
Kashmir,
 
all
 
filled
 
with
 
liquefied
 
gas,
 
was
 
damaged.
 
The
 
 blaze
 
was
 
extinguished.
 
The
 
tanker
 
had
 
infact
 
struck
 
a
 
feeder
 
vessel
 
engaged
 
in
 
shuttling
 
cargo
 
containers
 
at
 
about
 
5
 
miles
 
from
 
 Jebel
 
Ali.
 
Investigations
 
into
 
the
 
accident
 
and
 
thorough
 
assessment
 
of
 
the
 
extent
 
of
 
damage
 
would
 
take
 
several
 
days
 
and
 
all
 
cargo
 
will
 
remain
 
on
 
 board.
 
The
 
container
 
vessel
 
Sima
 
Saba
 
was
 
a
 
relatively
 
new
 
one
 
of
 
20000
 
DWT
 
with
 
capacity
 
of
 
14000
 
TEU.
 
After
 
the
 
salvage
 
operations,
 
 both
 
the
 
vessels
 
stood
 
safely
 
anchored
 
and
 
no
 
oil
 
spill
 
was
 
reported.
 
A
 
container
 
vessel
 
on
 
her
 
 better
 
days………….
 
Collision
 
liability
 
also
 
falls
 
under
 
the
 
purview
 
of
 
Hull
 
Policy
 
and
 
generally
 
decided
 
 based
 
on
 
the
 
responsibility
 
for
 
the
 
accident
 
attributed
 
 based
 
on
 
survey
 
reports,
 
eye
 
witness
 
accounts,
 
crew
 
testimony,
 
police
 
reports
 
and
 
other
 
information
 
gathered
 
from
 
various
 
sources.
 
There
 
was
 
more
 
serious
 
news
 
to
 
follow
 
as
 
a
 
Royal
 
Navy
 
nuclear
 
submarine
 
HMS
 
Vanguard
 
and
 
a
 
French
 
vessel
 
Le
 
Triomphant
 
were
 
reported
 
to
 
have
 
collided
 
deep
 
 below
 
the
 
surface
 
of
 
the
 
Atlantic
 
ocean.
 
Serious
 
apprehensions
 
were
 
cast
 
as
 
 both
 
reportedly
 
carried
 
nuclear
 
missiles.
 
Defence
 
communiqué
 
of
 
UK
 
stated
 
that
 
two
 
had
 
collided
 
in
 
an
 
extraordinary
 
accident
 
as
 
they
 
can’t
 
see
 
each
 
other,
 
raising
 
questions
 
about
 
the
 
sonar
 
facilities.
 
After
 
the
 
accident,
 
the
 
French
 
submarine
 
returned
 
to
 
its
 
 base
 
on
 
L
ʹ
Ile
 
Longue,
 
near
 
Brest,
 
under
 
its
 
own
 
power
 
and
 
escorted
 
 by
 
a
 
frigate.
 
Vanguard
 
reportedly
 
had
 
visible
 
dents
 
on
 
its
 
hull
 
and
 
was
 
towed
 
home.
 
All
 
the
 
crew
 
of
 
around
 
250
 
were
 
reportedly
 
safe.
 
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