Cch ni tn knh, cch ni khim nhng, cch ni lch s trong ting

Nht
V d:
(Dng khim nhng)
(Dng knh trng)
(Dng lch s)
Mt s dng lch s bt quy tc
ngha

Dng thng

Knh trng
(sonkeigo)

Khim nhng
(kenjgo)

Lch s
(teineigo)

nhn, xem

; miru

go-ran ni
naru

haiken
suru

gp

au

regular (ex.
o-ai ni naru)

ome ni kakaru

aimasu

aru

mimasu

gozaru

l,
iru

irassharu

kuru (come)
n / i

bit

oru

oru

ukagau
mairu

iku (go)

o-ide ni
naru

mairu

shiru

go-zonji

zonji
ageru

zonji
te iru

meshiagaru

itadaku

itadaku

taberu (eat)
n / ung
nomu (drink)

itadaku
nhn

a, cho
(ngi nhn
c tn trng)

morau

chdai2
suru

yaru (c coi l bt lch

s tr phng ng Kansai)

sashiageru

agemasu

ageru

a, cho
(ngi a
c tn trng)

kureru

kudasaru

lm

suru

nasaru

ni

moraimasu

iu

ossharu

kuremasu

itasu

mshi-ageru

shimasu

iimasu

msu
mc

kiru

omeshi
ni naru

ng

neru

oyasumi ni naru

yasumimasu

cht

shinu

onakunari ni naru

nakunaru

kimasu

Dng lch s trong ting Nht

Ting Nht: teineigo /inh ninh ng/
Cc bn c th hiu l dng lch s l dng "masu", "desu" v danh t th thm "o/go" vo trc. V d:

Dng tn trng trong ting Nht

Ting Nht: sonkeigo /tn knh ng/ hay keigo /knh ng/
y l dng m khi bn ni v mt ngi ng tn trng. C 2 cch to dng tn trng:
(1) ng t dng "masu" b "masu" + "ni naru"
V d:
(2) B ng
V d:
Dng (1) c l l lch s hn dng (2) ( lch s c xc nh bng vic c "o/go" trc v "masu" sau
khng, c c hai l dng lch s nht).
Cc v d:

Thy gio ang i. (dng "ni naru")

Thy i Hokkaido cha ? (dng b ng)

(3) Cc dng tn trng bt quy tc: Xem bng trn.

Dng khim nhng trong ting Nht

Ting Nht: kensongo /khim tn ng/ hay kenjougo /khim nhng ng/
y l dng m bn dng cho bn thn. V d:
(i)
(xin php c n)
Cc bn c th tham kho mt s ng t bt quy tc bng trn.
lch s theo cp bc
lch s trong ting Nht chia theo cp bc. Cc bn c th xem v d di y:
(dng thng) (lch s) (lch s hn) (dng lch
s mc cao) (xin php c i, dng lch s cao nht)

Tng kt cc dng lch s trong ting Nht

Thng thng

Teineigo
Lch s

Sonkeigo
Tn trng

Kenjougo
Khim nhng

T ng trang trng
Thng thng
Ti
By gi
Ln ny
My hm trc

Trang trng

(kono tabi)
(senjitsu)

Hm qua

Hm nay

(honjitsu)

Ngy mai

Lc trc, lc ny

Sau y

Pha ny, pha chng ti

Pha cc v, pha kia

Pha

Pha no, bn no

Ai

Nh th no

Tht s l (hontou ni)

Rt
Mt cht, cht xu

(makoto ni)

(shoushou)

Bao nhiu

Nhn

Cc cch mo u lch s trong ting Nht

Chng ti rt xin li .... (yu cu)

Lm phin qu v .... (yu cu)

Ti xin li nhng (yu cu)

Nu khng c g bt tin

Ti mun hi mt cht xu

Chc anh/ch bit rng ....

Nu c

Rt may l ...

Ti xin li lm phin anh/ch lc ang bn

Cch c:
(li xin li)
= phin phc, th tc phin phc
xin th li
chng ngi, bt tin
mt cht
bit
vo ng lc ang bn

T mo u khi gi th hay vit email

SAROMA JCLASS s gii thiu vi cc bn cch n gin nht, l cp (haikei) v (keigu).
u th bn tri bn (haikei) (Knh cho) v cui th bn phi bn (keigu) (Knh th).
gi n ai th bn dng (~ sama onchuu).
V d mt bc th thng thng s l:

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