V\u00ab tuy\u00d5n di \u00ae\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00eec s\u00f6 d\u00f4ng g\u00c7n 78 n\u00a8m. M\u00c6c d\u00ef c\u00b8c kh\u00b8i ni\u00d6m t\u00e6 ong, c\u00b8c k\u00fc thu\u00cbt tr\u00b6i ph\u00e6, \u00aei\u00d2u ch\u00d5 s\u00e8 v\u00b5 c\u00b8c c\u00abng ngh\u00d6 v\u00ab tuy\u00d5n hi\u00d6n \u00ae\u00b9i kh\u00b8c \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00eec bi\u00d5t \u00ae\u00d5n h\u00acn 50 tr\u00edc \u00ae\u00a9y, d\u00dech v\u00f4 \u00aei\u00d6n tho\u00b9i di \u00ae\u00e9ng m\u00b7i \u00ae\u00d5n \u00ae\u00c7u nh\u00f7ng n\u00a8m 1960 m\u00edi xu\u00cat hi\u00d6n \u00eb c\u00b8c d\u00b9ng s\u00f6 d\u00f4ng \u00ae\u00eec v\u00b5 khi \u00ae\u00e3 n\u00e3 ch\u00d8 l\u00b5 c\u00b8c s\u00f6a \u00ae\u00e6i th\u00ddch \u00f8ng c\u00f1a c\u00b8c h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng \u00aei\u00d2u v\u00cbn. C\u00b8c h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng \u00aei\u00d6n tho\u00b9i di \u00ae\u00e9ng \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan n\u00b5y \u00ddt ti\u00d6n l\u00eei v\u00b5 dung l\u00eeng r\u00cat th\u00cap so v\u00edi c\u00b8c h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng hi\u00d6n nay cu\u00e8i c\u00efng c\u00b8c h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng \u00aei\u00d6n tho\u00b9i t\u00e6 ong \u00aei\u00d2u t\u00c7n song c\u00abng s\u00f6 d\u00f4ng k\u00fc thu\u00cbt \u00aea th\u00a9m nh\u00cbp ph\u00a9n chia theo t\u00c7n s\u00e8 (FDMA) \u00ae\u00b7 xu\u00cat hi\u00d6n v\u00b5o nh\u00f7ng n\u00a8m 1980. Cu\u00e8i nh\u00f7ng n\u00a8m 1980 ng\u00eai ta nh\u00cbn th\u00cay r\u00bbng c\u00b8c h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng t\u00e6 ong t\u00acng t\u00f9 kh\u00abng th\u00d3 \u00ae\u00b8p \u00f8ng \u00ae\u00eec nhu c\u00c7u ng\u00b5y c\u00b5ng t\u00a8ng v\u00b5o th\u00d5 k\u00fb sau n\u00d5u nh kh\u00abng lo\u00b9i b\u00e1 \u00ae\u00eec c\u00b8c h\u00b9n ch\u00d5 c\u00e8 h\u00f7u c\u00f1a c\u00b8c h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng n\u00b5y. (1) Ph\u00a9n b\u00e6 t\u00c7n s\u00e8 r\u00cat h\u00b9n ch\u00d5, dung l\u00eeng th\u00cap. (2) Ti\u00d5ng \u00e5n kh\u00e3 ch\u00deu v\u00b5 nhi\u00d4u x\u00c8y ra khi m\u00b8y di \u00ae\u00e9ng chuy\u00d3n d\u00dech trong m\u00abi tr\u00eang pha \u00aeinh \u00aea tia. (3) kh\u00abng \u00ae\u00b8p \u00f8ng \u00ae\u00eec c\u00b8c d\u00dech v\u00f4 m\u00edi h\u00cap d\u00c9n \u00ae\u00e8i v\u00edi kh\u00b8ch h\u00b5ng. (4) Kh\u00abng cho ph\u00d0p gi\u00b6m \u00ae\u00b8ng k\u00d3 gi\u00b8 th\u00b5nh c\u00f1a thi\u00d5t b\u00de di \u00ae\u00e9ng v\u00b5 c\u00ac s\u00eb h\u00b9 t\u00c7ng. (5) Kh\u00abng \u00ae\u00b6m b\u00b6o t\u00ddnh b\u00dd m\u00cbt c\u00f1a c\u00b8c cu\u00e9c g\u00e4i. (6) Kh\u00abng t- \u00acng th\u00ddch gi\u00f7a c\u00b8c h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng kh\u00b8c nhau, \u00ae\u00c6c bi\u00d6t l\u00b5 \u00eb Ch\u00a9u \u00a2u, l\u00b5m cho thu\u00aa bao kh\u00abng th\u00d3 s\u00f6 d\u00f4ng \u00ae\u00eec m\u00b8y di \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00f1a m\u00d7nh \u00eb n\u00edc kh\u00b8c.

Gi\u00b6i ph\u00b8p duy nh\u00cat \u00ae\u00d3 lo\u00b9i b\u00e1 c\u00b8c h\u00b9n ch\u00d5 tr\u00aan l\u00b5 ph\u00b6i chuy\u00d3n
sang s\u00f6 d\u00f4ng k\u00fcthu\u00cbt th\u00abng tin s\u00e8 cho th\u00abng tin di \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00efng v\u00edi c\u00b8c
k\u00fc thu\u00cbt \u00aea th\u00a9m nh\u00cbp m\u00edi.

H\u00d6 th\u00e8ng th\u00abng tin di \u00ae\u00e9ng s\u00e8 s\u00f6 d\u00f4ng k\u00fc thu\u00cbt \u00aea th\u00a9m nh\u00cbp ph\u00a9n chia theo th\u00eai gian (TDMA) \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan tr\u00aan th\u00d5 gi\u00edi \u00ae\u00eec ra \u00ae\u00eai \u00eb Ch\u00a9u \u00a2u v\u00b5 c\u00e3 t\u00aan g\u00e4i l\u00b5 GSM. GSM \u00ae\u00eec ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n t\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1982 khi

c\u00b8c n\u00edc B\u00bec \u00a2u g\u00f6i \u00ae\u00d2 ngh\u00de \u00ae\u00d5n CEPT \u00ae\u00d3 quy \u00ae\u00denh m\u00e9t d\u00dech v\u00f4 vi\u00d4n th\u00abng chung ch\u00a9u \u00a2u \u00eb b\u00a8ng t\u00c7n 900 MHz. N\u00a8m 1985 h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng s\u00e8 \u00ae\u00eec quy\u00d5t \u00ae\u00denh. Th\u00b8ng 5 n\u00a8m 1986 gi\u00b6i ph\u00b8p TDMA b\u00a8ng h\u00d1p \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00eec l\u00f9a ch\u00e4n. \u00eb Vi\u00d6t Nam h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng th\u00abng tin di \u00ae\u00e9ng s\u00e8 GSM \u00ae\u00eec \u00aea v\u00b5o t\u00f5 n\u00a8m 1993.

\u00eb M\u00fc khi h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng AMPS t\u00acng t\u00f9 s\u00f6 d\u00f4ng ph\u00acng th\u00f8c FDMA \u00ae\u00eec tri\u00d3n khai v\u00b5o gi\u00f7a nh\u00f7ng n\u00a8m 1980, c\u00b8c v\u00can \u00ae\u00d2 dung l\u00eeng \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00b8t sinh \u00eb c\u00b8c th\u00de tr\u00eang di \u00ae\u00e9ng ch\u00ddnh nh: New York, Los Angeles v\u00b5 Chicago. M\u00fc \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00e3 chi\u00d5n l\u00eec n\u00a9ng c\u00cap h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng n\u00b5y th\u00b5nh h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng s\u00e8: chuy\u00d3n t\u00edi h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng TDMA \u00ae\u00eec k\u00fd hi\u00d6u l\u00b5 IS- 54. Vi\u00d6c kh\u00b6o s\u00b8t kh\u00b8ch h\u00b5ng cho th\u00cay ch\u00cat l\u00eeng c\u00f1a AMPS t\u00e8t h\u00acn. R\u00cat nhi\u00d2u h\u00b7ng c\u00f1a M\u00fc l\u00b9nh nh\u00b9t v\u00edi TDMA, AT &T l\u00b5 h\u00b7ng l\u00edn duy nh\u00cat s\u00f6 d\u00f4ng TDMA. H\u00b7ng n\u00b5y \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n ra m\u00e9t phi\u00aan b\u00b6n m\u00edi: IS - 136, c\u00dfn \u00ae\u00eec g\u00e4i l\u00b5 AMPS s\u00e8 (D-AMPS). Nhng kh\u00abng gi\u00e8ng nh IS - 54, GSM \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00b9t \u00ae\u00eec c\u00b8c th\u00b5nh c\u00abng \u00eb M\u00fc.

C\u00b8c nh\u00b5 nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u \u00eb M\u00fc t\u00d7m ra h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng th\u00abng tin di \u00ae\u00e9ng s\u00e8 m\u00edi l\u00b5 c\u00abng ngh\u00d6 \u00aea th\u00a9m nh\u00cbp ph\u00a9n chia theo m\u00b7 (CDMA). C\u00abng ngh\u00d6 n\u00b5y s\u00f6 d\u00f4ng k\u00fc thu\u00cbt tr\u00b6i ph\u00e6 tr\u00edc \u00ae\u00e3 \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00e3 c\u00b8c \u00f8ng d\u00f4ng ch\u00f1 y\u00d5u trong qu\u00a9n s\u00f9. \u00a7\u00eec th\u00b5nh l\u00cbp v\u00b5o n\u00a8m 1985, Qualcom \u00ae\u00b7 ph\u00b8t phi\u00d3n c\u00abng ngh\u00d6 CDMA cho th\u00abng tin di \u00ae\u00e9ng v\u00b5 \u00ae\u00b7 nh\u00cbn \u00ae\u00eec nhi\u00d2u b\u00bbng ph\u00b8t minh trong l\u00dcnh v\u00f9c n\u00b5y. \u00a7\u00d5n nay c\u00abng ngh\u00d6 n\u00b5y \u00ae\u00b7 tr\u00eb th\u00b5nh c\u00abng ngh\u00d6 th\u00e8ng tr\u00de \u00eb B\u00bec M\u00fc, Qualcom \u00ae\u00b7 \u00aea ra phi\u00aan b\u00b6n CDMA \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan \u00ae\u00eec g\u00e4i l\u00b5 IS - 95 A.

C\u00b8c m\u00b9ng CDMA th\u00acng m\u00b9i \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00eec \u00aea v\u00b5o khai th\u00b8c t\u00b9i H\u00b5n Qu\u00e8c v\u00b5 H\u00e5ng K\u00abng. CDMA c\u00f2ng \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00eec mua ho\u00c6c \u00aea v\u00b5o th\u00f6 nghi\u00d6m \u00eb Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Trung Qu\u00e8c, Germany, Irael, Peru, Philippins, Thailand v\u00b5 m\u00edi \u00ae\u00a9y \u00eb Nh\u00cbt. T\u00e6ng c\u00abng ty Bu ch\u00ddnh Vi\u00d4n th\u00abng Vi\u00d6t Nam c\u00f2ng \u00ae\u00b7 c\u00e3 k\u00d5 ho\u00b9ch th\u00f6 nghi\u00d6m CDMA.

\u00eb Nh\u00cbt v\u00b5o n\u00a8m 1993 NTT \u00aea ra ti\u00aau chu\u00c8n th\u00abng tin di \u00ae\u00e9ng s\u00e8 \u00ae\u00c7u ti\u00aan c\u00f1a n\u00edc n\u00b5y: JPD (Japannish personal Digital Cellular System).

Song song v\u00edi s\u00f9 ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n c\u00f1a c\u00b8c h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng th\u00abng tin di \u00ae\u00e9ng t\u00e6 ong n\u00e3i tr\u00aan, c\u00b8c h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng th\u00abng tin di \u00ae\u00e9ng h\u00b9n ch\u00d5 cho m\u00b9ng n\u00e9i h\u00b9t s\u00f6 d\u00f4ng m\u00b8y c\u00c7m tay kh\u00abng d\u00a9y s\u00e8 c\u00f2ng \u00ae\u00eec nghi\u00aan c\u00f8u ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n. Hai h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng \u00aei\u00d3n h\u00d7nh cho lo\u00b9i th\u00abng tin n\u00b5y l\u00b5: DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication) c\u00f1a Ch\u00a9u \u00a2u v\u00b5 PHS (Personal Handy Phone System) c\u00f1a Nh\u00cbt c\u00f2ng \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00eec \u00aea v\u00b5o th\u00acng m\u00b9i.

Ngo\u00b5i c\u00b8c h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng th\u00abng tin di \u00ae\u00e9ng m\u00c6t \u00ae\u00cat, c\u00b8c h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng th\u00abg tin di \u00ae\u00e9ng v\u00d6 tinh: Global Star v\u00b5 Iridium c\u00f2ng \u00ae\u00eec \u00aea v\u00b5o th- \u00acng m\u00b9i trong n\u00a8m 1998.

Hi\u00d6n nay \u00ae\u00d3 \u00ae\u00b8p \u00f8ng nhu c\u00c7u ng\u00b5y c\u00b5ng t\u00a8ng c\u00f1a c\u00b8c kh\u00b8ch h\u00b5ng vi\u00d4n th\u00abng v\u00d2 c\u00b6 d\u00dech v\u00f4 vi\u00d4n th\u00abng m\u00edi c\u00b8c h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng th\u00abng tin di \u00ae\u00e9ng \u00aeang ti\u00d5n t\u00edi th\u00d5 h\u00d6 th\u00f8 ba. Hi\u00d6n nay c\u00e3 hai ti\u00aau chu\u00c8n \u00ae\u00b7 \u00ae\u00eec ch\u00cap thu\u00cbn cho IMT-2000 \u00ae\u00e3 l\u00b5: W-CDMA v\u00b5 cdma2000. W- CDMA \u00ae\u00eec ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n l\u00aan t\u00f5 GSM th\u00d5 h\u00d6 2 v\u00b5 cdma2000 \u00ae\u00eec ph\u00b8t tri\u00d3n l\u00aan t\u00f5 IS-95 th\u00d5 h\u00d6 2. \u00eb th\u00d5 h\u00d6 n\u00b5y c\u00b8c h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng th\u00abng tin di \u00ae\u00e9ng c\u00e3 xu th\u00d5 ho\u00b5 nh\u00cbp th\u00b5nh m\u00e9t ti\u00aau chu\u00c8n duy nh\u00cat v\u00b5 c\u00e3 kh\u00b6 n\u00a8ng ph\u00f4c v\u00f4 \u00eb t\u00e8c \u00ae\u00e9 bit l\u00aan \u00ae\u00d5n 2 Mbit/s. \u00a7\u00d3 ph\u00a9n bi\u00d6t v\u00edi c\u00b8c h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng th\u00abng tin di \u00ae\u00e9ng b\u00a8ng h\u00d1p hi\u00d6n nay c\u00b8c h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng th\u00abng tin di \u00ae\u00e9ng th\u00d5 h\u00d6 th\u00f8 ba \u00ae\u00eec g\u00e4i l\u00b5 h\u00d6 th\u00e8ng th\u00abng tin di \u00ae\u00e9ng b\u00a8ng r\u00e9ng.