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THEORETICAL PROBLEM No. 1EVOLUTION OF THE EARTH-MOON SYSTEMSOLUTIONS1. Conservation of Angular Momentum
 1a
1111
M  M  E  E 
I  I  L
  
 0.21b
2222
  
 M  E 
I  I  L
 0.21c
122111
L I  I  I 
 M  M  M  E  E 
   
 0.3
2.
 
Final Separation and Angular Frequency of the Earth-Moon System.
2a
 E 
 M G D
3222
 
 0.22b
2212
 M  E 
 M  M G L D
 0.52c
313222
 L M  M G
 M  E 
 
 0.52d The moment of inertia of the Earth will be the addition of the moment of inertia of a sphere with radius
o
r 
and density
o
  
and of a sphere withradius
i
r 
and density
oi
   
:
)]([3452
55
oiioo E 
r r  I 
      
.0.52e
3755
100.8)]([ 3452
oiioo E 
r r  I 
      
kg m
2
0.22f 
341111
104.3
M  M  E  E 
I  I  L
  
kg m
2
s
-1
0.2
 
 2g
82
104.5
 D
m, that is
12
4.1
D D
 0.32h
62
106.1
 
s
-1
, that is, a period of 46 days.0.32iSince
322
103.1
 
 E 
 I 
kg m
2
s
-1
and
3422
104.3
 
 M 
 I 
kg m
2
s
-1
, theapproximation is justified since the final angular momentum of the Earthis 1/260 of that of the Moon.0.2
3.
 
How much is the Moon receding per year?
3a Using the law of cosines, the magnitude of the force produced by the mass
m
closest to the Moon will be:
)cos(2
1221
 
oo M c
r  Dr  D  M mGF 
 0.43b Using the law of cosines, the magnitude of the force produced by the mass
m
farthest to the Moon will be:
)cos(2
1221
 
oo M  f 
r  Dr  D  M mGF 
 0.43c Using the law of sines, the torque will be
2 / 31221102 / 1122110
)]cos(2[ )sin()]cos(2[ )sin(
     
oo M oocc
r  Dr  D  Dr  M mG r  Dr  D  Dr F 
 0.43d Using the law of sines, the torque will be
2 / 31221102 / 1122110
)]cos(2[ )sin()]cos(2[ )sin(
     
oo M oo f  f 
r  Dr  D  Dr  M mG r  Dr  D  Dr F 
 0.43e
31212121212210
)cos()sin(6 ))cos(3231)cos(3231()sin(
 Dr  M mG  Dr  Dr  Dr  Dr  Dr  M mG
o M oooo  M  f c
       
 1.0
 
3f 
16312
101.4 )cos()sin(6
 Dr  M mG
o M 
   
N m0.53gSince
 E  M 
M G D
3121
 
, we have that the angular momentum of the Moon is
2 / 112 / 1312111
E  M  E  M  M  M 
M G D M   D M G D M  I 
 
 The torque will be:
t  D D M G M  t  D M G M 
 E  M  E  M 
2 / 1112 / 12 / 112 / 1
2)(
 
 So, we have that
2 / 111
2
 E  M 
M G D M t  D
 
 That for
7
101.3
t 
s = 1 year, gives
034.0
1
 D
m.This is the yearly increase in the Earth-Moon distance.1.03h We now use that
t  I 
 E  E 
1
  
 from where we get
 E  E 
 I t 
  
1
 that for
7
101.3
t 
s = 1 year gives
141
106.1
E 
 
s
-1
.If 
 E 
P
is the period of time considered, we have that:
 E  E  E  E 
PP
  
1
 since
4
1064.81
dayP
 E 
s, we get
5
109.1
E 
P
s.This is the amount of time that the day lengthens in a year.1.0
4.
 
Where is the energy going?
4a The present total (rotational plus gravitational) energy of the system is:
12121
2121
 D M  M G I  I  E 
M  E  M  M  E  E 
  
.Using that
 E  M 
M G D
3121
 
, we get0.4
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