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HISTORY OF NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES
Early Beliefs, Practices and Care of the sick
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Early Filipinos subscribed to superstitious belief and practices in relation to health and sickness
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Diseases, their causes and treatment were associated with mysticism and superstitions
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Cause of disease was caused by another person (an enemy of witch) or evil spirits
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Persons suffering from diseases without any identified cause were believed bewitched by “mangkukulam”
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Difficult childbirth were attributed to “nonos”
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Evil spirits could be driven away by persons with powers to expel demons
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Belief in special Gods of healing: priest-physician, word doctors, herbolarios/herb doctorsThe Earliest Hospitals Established are the following:a. Hospital Real de Manila (1577).It was established mainly to care for the Spanish King’ssoldiers, but also admitted Spanish civilians.Founded by Gov. Francisco de Sandeb. San Lazaro Hospital (1578)– built exclusively for patients with leprosy. Founded by Brother Juan Clementec. Hospital de Indio (1586)–Established by the Franciscan Order; Service was in generalsupported by alms and contribution from charitable persons.d. Hospital de Aguas Santas (1590). Established in Laguna, near a medicinal spring, Founded byBrother J. Bautista of the Franciscan Order.e. San Juan de Dios Hospital (1596)Founded by the Brotherhood de Misericordia and support was derivedfrom alms and rents. Rendered general health service to the public.Nursing During the Philippine RevolutionThe prominent persons involved in the nursing works were:a. Josephine Bracken– wife of Jose Rizal. Installed a field hospital in an estate house in Tejeros. Providednursing care to the wounded night and day.b.Rosa Sevilla De Alvero– converted their house into quarters for the filipino soldier,during the Philippine-American war that broke out in 1899.c. Dona Hilaria de Aguinaldo– Wife of Emilio Aguinaldo; Organized the Filipino Red Cross under the inspirationof Apolinario Mabini.d. Dona Maria de Aguinaldo- second wife of Emilio Aguinaldo.Provided nursing care for the Filipino soldierduring the revolution. President of the Filipino Red Cross branch in Batangas.e. Melchora Aquino (Tandang Sora)– Nurse the wounded Filipino soldiers and gave them shelter and food.f. Captain Salome– A revolutionary leader in Nueva Ecija; provided nursing care to the wounded when not incombat.g. Agueda Kahabagan– Revolutionary leader in Laguna, also provided nursing services to her troop.h. Trinidad Tecson– “Ina ng Biac na Bato”, stayed in the hospital at Biac na Bato to care for the woundedsoldier.
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