The sun energy source is not nuclear fusion but
magnetic fields from the center of the Galaxy. The sun
converts energy to mass and not mass to energy.

core. The sun is not heated by fusion reaction but by magnetic fields coming from the
galactic center. The nuclear fusion is a by product of the magnetic fields heating. The
changing magnetic fields from the galactic center induce electric currents inside the sun
that heat the sun. The heat and the high kinetic energy of particles in the sun core, trigger
high energy collisions that create the main constituents of matter, electron, proton and
neutron. The collisions also fuse or nucleosynthesis heavier elements like deuterium,
tritium, helium and lithium. This leads to the fact that the stars and galaxies constantly
produce mass and energy. The article will explain the clockworks behinds the galaxies
energy production. The galaxy energy and mass production cancel out the Big Bang
theory and leads to a steady state cosmological model with large amount of new mass
created that expand and accelerate the universe.

The latest development in cosmology especially the finding that the universe is not only
expanding but also accelerating brings back Einstein cosmological constant.
To explain the accelerating universe dark energy is assumed to repel the galaxies and
cause the acceleration of the universe. The dark energy is based on developments in
quantum mechanics that find huge quantities of energy in vacuum. The dark energy and
dark matter that explains the rotation curves of galaxies is found to be 96% of the
universe while the regular baryonic matter that the stars and plants are build of is only
4%. However there is no experiment done on earth or conclusive evidence that proves
such dark matter or dark energy truly exists. This lack of prove is also true for the Big
Bang Theory. There is no experiment to show that vacuum can spontaneously explode
creating high energy and mass.
The source of such unintuitive theories, to explain cosmological observation, emerges
from our misunderstanding of an every day process that is taken for granted and is never

questioned. This is our understanding or rather misunderstanding of the energy source of
the sun and other stars. There is a historical theory that tries to explain the sun heat based
on gravitational energy. According to this theory the sun was created from solar nebula.
When all the atoms free fall to the center of the nebula their speed was converted into
heat. Similar theory was proposed in the nineteen century by Lord Kelvin and said that
the sun heat is from gravitational energy especially by meteorites falling into the sun.
The current day nuclear theory says that the sun is a nuclear fusion reactor and the heat
emerges from fusion of hydrogen atoms to helium. The fused helium is lighter then the
hydrogen so the sun converts the mass surplus into energy. Still there are some
difficulties in this model. In every galaxy there are constantly new born stars. Some of
them the blue super giants are 50 times more massive then the sun and they burn
hydrogen much faster then the sun. This limits their life expectancy to only about ten
million years. If such massive stars are born constantly, and they burn hydrogen so fast,
the hydrogen is burning very fast, so where all the hydrogen is coming from. The
interstellar medium does not contain so much hydrogen. The interstellar hydrogen is
coming from stars inside the galaxy in stellar wind, and in supernovae.

The source of the universe mass and energy was a mystery and lead to the creation of the
Big Bang theory. The Big Bang theory try to explain that by stating that all the matter of
the universe including the hydrogen fuel was created at the time of the Big Bang.
This paper will show that the true mass and energy source of the universe is the galaxy.
Many facts that will be presented here show that the source of the sun heat is changing
magnetic fields or induction. The magnetic fields are coming from the galactic center;
they propagate through the galactic disk and heat all the stars in the disk. The changing
magnetic fields create by induction electric currents in the sun plasma. The electric
currents heat the sun plasma and make the sun shine. Fusion of hydrogen in the sun is a
by product of the heat created by the magnetic fields. At the sun core the immense heat
created by the induction currents increase the particle speed and kinetic energy. As the
particles collide their high kinetic energy is converted to mass by creating new particles
according to Einstein equation E=MC2. The sun is not converting mass into energy but
converting energy into mass.
Many of the observed phenomena on the sun are magnetic so it is reasonable to think that
the sun is heated by magnetic induction.
This stars mass creation can explain where all the mass in the universe came from and
why the universe is expanding and accelerating. It also can explain how the heavy
elements are created in the universe. It is believed that many heavy elements are created
in supernovae; this is because the fusion of heavy elements consumes energy and not
produces energy as hydrogen does. Since the energy of the stars is coming from magnetic
fields and not from fusion then the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements occur in red giants.
If the stars produce mass and energy then we can say that the galaxies produce mass and
energy. The galaxies are the universe machines to create mass and energy.
If the sun is heated from magnetic fields from the center of the galaxy, where the energy
of the galaxy is coming from? The magnetic fields create mass in the stars, and when this
mass is ejected into space as solar wind, it starts to free fall to the center of the galaxy.
The gravitational potential energy of the free falling dust and gas is collected by accretion
disks of black holes at the galactic center. This gravitational potential energy is much

higher then the energy used to create the mass. The accretion disks combined with the
dynamo effect create the magnetic fields at the galactic center that produce more mass at
the stars, and so forth.
If a galaxy is getting bigger and heavier all the time at some point it will spawn a new
galaxy. The continuous addition of mass to the galaxy increases the mass of the spiral
arms of the galaxy, and increase the arm length and its distance from the galactic center.
The stellar wind ejected by the stars at the remote arm begin to collect locally at the arm
itself until the arm is so heavy it detach from the main galaxy and became a satellite
galaxy. Many of the pictures taken of colliding galaxies or interacting galaxies are
actually instances of one galaxy spawning another. The spawning of new galaxies, lead to
the expansion and acceleration of the universe.

The rotation speed of stars in the galactic disk around the galactic center should obey
Kepler third law. The expected stars speed should be proportional to the inverse of the
radius squared as shown in Figure 6-(B). However observation of various galaxies yields
a rotation curve that is almost flat Figure 6-(A). The usual explanation for the flat curve is
based on the existence of dark matter that has no luminosity and cannot be seen. The dark
matter is filing the galactic disk far beyond the stars to increases the gravitation in the
galaxy.
It is possible to explain the flat rotation curve based on magnetic fields in the galaxy.
I will start first by depicting a well known experiment. The magnet levitation over a
superconductor Figure 1 or the Meissner effect causes a magnet to float in the air when
placed over a superconductor. The magnetic field of the magnet induces electro-motive
force and currents in the superconductor according to Faraday\u2019s law. Those currents
according to Lenz\u2019s law create magnetic fields in the superconductor that oppose the
magnet magnetic fields and therefore repel it to make it float and oppose gravity.
If I take a string and tie it to the superconductor I can drag the superconductor slice along
the table Figure 2. If the magnet is floating on the superconductor and you drag the
superconductor the magnet will not fall to the table but will follow the superconductor
and stay floating on top of it wherever we drag it. This is also an outcome of Lenz\u2019s law.
The induced currents and magnetic fields of the superconductor will oppose any
movement of the magnet above relative to the superconductor.
The hot plasma in the sun and other stars has very low electric resistance.
The resistance of the plasma is much lower then that of a metal and is very close to that
of a superconductor. However its resistant is not zero and electric current inside the
plasma will produce heat. The sun interior is not completely homogonous and there are
sections of plasma that have different electric conductivity.
In additional to the property of a superconductor the sun has the property of a magnet.
The sun magnetic filed has similarities to the earth magnetic field. The sun has a dipole
magnetic field, and it is similar to that of a bar magnet.
One unique property of Superconductors is that the magnetic fields inside them are very
close to zero. However the star plasma has higher then zero conductivity and magnetic
fields pass through the plasma to produce heat. Not only that the star high magnetic
permeability concentrate the magnetic fields from space to absorb more energy.