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Civil Law Summer Reviewer
A
TENEO
C
ENTRAL
B
AR
O
PERATIONS
2007
are needure.
REPLEVIN FORCIBLE ENTRY UNLAWFULDETAINERACCIONPUBLICIANAACCIONREINVINDICATORIADefinition
action or provisionalremedy where thecomplainant prays forthe recovery of thepossession of thepersonal property* NOT APPLICABLETO(a) movablesdistrained or taken fora tax assessment orfine pursuant to law(b) those under a writof execution orpreliminaryattachment(c) those under
custodia legis
Summary action torecover material orphysical possessionof real property whena person originally inpossession wasdeprived thereof byFISTS
F
orce,
I
ntimidation,
S
trategy,
T
hreat, or
S
tealthAction brought whenpossession by alandlord, vendor orvendee or otherperson of any land orbuilding is beingunlawfully withheldafter the terminationor expiration of theright to holdpossession, by virtueof a contract, expressor impliedIt is thepreliminaryaction to recovera better right topossessAction to recoverownership of realproperty
Where to file
MTC or RTCdepending on theamount of moneyinvolvedMTC MTC RTC RTC
Issue involved
Recovery ofpossession ofpersonal propertyMaterial or physicalpossession of realpropertyPossession de factoMaterial or physicalpossession of realpropertyPossession de factoBetter right ofpossession ofreal property.Possession de jureOwnership of realproperty
Type of Action
in Personam Quasi in Rem Quasi in Rem Quasi in Rem Quasi in Rem
Prescription
1 year fromdispossessionFIT – fromdispossessionSS – from discovery1 year from the timethe possessionbecame unlawful – last date of demandor letter of demand10 years 10 or 30 yearsdepending on whetherit’s ordinary orextraordinaryprescription
Others
Steps:i. complaint is filed atcommencement or
•
May be broughtagainst the ownerin some cases
•
If there’s a fixedperiod – 1 yearfrom the2 kindsa) Possessionnot
•
Accionreinvindicatoria canbe filed
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Civil Law Summer Reviewer
A
TENEO
C
ENTRAL
B
AR
O
PERATIONS
2007
at any time beforeanswer of otherpartyi. complaint shouldallege OWTA(owner, wrongfullytaken, takenagainst law)i. pay bond doublethe amount ofproperty. sheriff takesproperty. doors broken ifnecessaryDefendant’s remedy:1) File a bonddouble theamount, and2) Give copy toplaintiffStranger’s remedy – File a 3rd party claimsuch as lease
•
Complaint muststate FISTS orelse it would justbe an accionpubliciana whichshould be filedwith the RTCexpiration of thelease
•
If the reason isnon-payment ofrent or non-fulfillment of theconditions of thelease – 1 yearfrom the demandto vacate
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Complaint filed 5days afterdemand(buildings) or 15days (land
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Refers to anykind of land
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It should bealleged that theright to possesshad beenterminated andthat thecontinuedpossession wasunlawful
•
Not the remedy ifwhat is sought isspecificperformance
•
DemandNecessary - if thereis a breachNot necessary – ifthe fixed period justexpiresthroughFISTS-can be filedimmediatelyb) 1 year periodforFE or UD hasElapsedsimultaneously withFE
•
Judgment ofownership usuallyincludes the right ofpossession
•
Should rememberArticle 434. In anaction to recoverownership, theproperty must beidentified, and theplaintiff must rely onthe strength of histitle and not on theweakness of thedefendant’s claim
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Annex - Property
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