C ONH 2 C OO

HY A L UR ONIC A C ID DE R MA T A N B L OOD G R OUP A L G INA T E S O-A NT IG E NS S TAR CH G LY C OG E N + O O C OO

P G LY C OP R OT E INS S UB S T A NC E S C H 2 C OO OH
+
N
R ibos e
O O
Adenos ine(P )
N
R ibos e -O-P -O-P -O -Adenos ine + NIC OT INA T E C OO C OO

O G A NG L IOS IDE S P E P T IDO- C H 2 OH C H 2 OH

-O - P - O - P - O- N
11 + C OO
MUC INS G LY C A N C H C HIT IN C HONDR OIT IN P E C T IN INUL IN C E L L UL OS E O O NH NH O O O O R ibos e- P 2. 4. 2. N N RP

L 2 OH HO Indoleac etate Indoxyl + 6.3.5.1 2.7.7.18

Quinolinate- A
O
O O O (A uxin) NA D( P ) 6.3.1.5 Des amino-NA D Nic otinate- 2.4.2.19
Y C HOH
O
C OO - 6.3.2.7-10
C OO - 2.4.1.68
2.4.1.69
1.1.1.132 HO C H 3
OH OH OH
1.2.3.7
nuc leotide nuc leotide R
AcNH 2.4.2.19
S C HOH
C H 2 OH 2.4.99.7 6.3.2.13 HO O OP P U HO OH OP P U C H3
O OP P T
2.4.1.29
OH OH
HO
+
C H 2 C H(NH 3)C OO HO C H 2 C H 2 NH 2 HO C H 2 C H 2 NHC OC H 3 C H 3O C H 2 C H 2 NHC OC H 3 C OO O
OP C 2.4.1.17 L A C TOS E
A C H 3C H NHAC
UDP -
OH
HO HO OP P G
T DP -R hamnos e
OH OH
C H 2OH
C H 2 C HO
NH NH NH NH N
C OO
M
C HO C OO- G DP - 2.4.1.21 O NH NH
5-Hydroxy- 4.1.1.28
5-Hydroxytryptamine 2.3.1.5
N-A c etyl-s erotonin 2.1.1.4
N-A c etyl-5-O-methyl-s erotonin Quinolinate A
UDP -N-A c -Muramate Iduronate OH
Mannuronate C H3
2.4.1.1
etc.
2.4.1.11 HO
2.4.1.21 3.2.1.23 Indole- Indole (S E R OTONIN) (ME L A TONIN)
C G DP -F uc os e O tryptophan T
C MP -N-A c etyl OH OH 2.7.1.38 ac etaldehyde 1.14.16.4
H neuraminate
HO
C H 2 OH
O C OO 5.1.3.12
C H 2 OH
O
5.1.3.13 O
OH OP P T OH 4.1.1.43 +
+
C OO
I
+ C O C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO C OO
A C HOH
C HOH
O
C OO
2.4.1.16
C OO -
4.2.1.47 2.4.1.33
OH A DP - C H 2OH G A L A C TOS E
C H 2 C OC OO
C O C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO
C HO
C O C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO
NH 2 NH 2 OC H OC H NH 2
C
AcNH NH 2
R C H 2 OH OH OP P U O
HO OH HO OP P G C H 2 OH
O
T DP -4-Oxo- G luc os e
O
C H 2 OH 4.1.99.1 NH
3.5.1.9
NH 2 OH OH C OO C OO
K ynurenine 1.14.13.9 3-Hydroxy
OH
OH 2.7.7.43 HO 6-deoxygluc os e 2.7.1.6
NH
F ormylkynurenine 3.7.1.3
3-Hydroxy 1.13.11.6 2-A mino-3-c arboxy 4.1.1.45
2-A minomuc onate-
I 3.1.3.29
1.1.1.158 C H 2 OH
O
NHC OC H 3 G DP -Mannos e HO OH OP P U HO
O
Indolepyruvate kynurenine anthranilate muc onate s emialdehyde 6-s emialdehyde A
OH OP P U
D HO UDP -N-A c - C H 2 OH
HO OH HO OH
G DP -G luc os e HO OH OP 2.4.1.22 1.13.11.11 C OO H H C atec hol M
N-A c -Neuraminate G alac tos amine OH
UDP -G luc os e
E

1.
HO O
UDP -
O
MA NNOS E + C OO
I

4.
(S ialate) OP P U 2.7.7.13 4.2.1.46 OH C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO NH C C C H C H 2O P 1.2.1.32

1.
C -C H(OH)C H(OH)C H 2 O P
S
C H2 C C OO
1. 1. 1. 22 G alac tos e-P C H 2 C H 2 NH 2 HOC -C H(OH)C H(OH)C H 2 OP C OO

19
C H 2O P
C OO
NHAC
O G alac turonate 2.7.1.7 2.7.7.27 NH
CH CH OH OH NH 2
1.14.12.1 N
O HO OH HO O P C H 2 OH NH 4.2.1.20 N N O
H H NH 2
UDP -N-A c -
3.1.3.29 5.1.3.7 Mannos e-1-P
T DP -G luc os e
2.7.7.34 2.7.7.9 HO
O
T ryptamine
4.1.1.28
T R Y P TOP HA N Indole-3-glyc erol-P 1-(o-C arboxy phenylamino)
4.1.1.48
N-(5-P -R ibos yl)
2.4.2.18
A nthranilate
OOC
OOC O
AC NH
HO OH G luc os amine
4.1.3.20 HO OH OP P U 5.1.3.6 C H 2O P
O
5.1.3.2
C OO 1-deoxyribulos e-5-P anthranilate 2-A mino
OH 2.7.7.10
pyruvate OH 2.7.7.12 OH OP P U OC
HO
muc onate
N-A c -Mannos amine-6-P UDP -G luc uronate 5.4.2.8
HO OH HO OH
2.7.7.24 C H 2 OH
O OH P OC H 2 C H 2
C OO C OO C OO
C OO C OO C OO
4.1.3.27
OOC C H 2 C OC OO
A
C H 2 OH
C H 2 OH
O
C H 2 OH
O 4.1.3.20 O
C H 2O P
O
HOC H HC OH
C OH OH HO OH
C H2 C H2
C
OH O-C -C OO
H 2.7.1.60 Mannos e-6-P 2.4.1.13 C H 2O P HO OH OP UDP -G alac tos e H OH
4.6.1.3
O OH
4.2.1.10
O
OH
1.1.1.25
OH
2.7.1.71
P O
OH
2.5.1.19
P O
OH OH OC -C OO
5.4.99.5
OH I
S hikimate-5 4.6.1.4
AC NH
HO OH OH HO OH OP P U HO OH OP HO OH O HO 3-Deoxy-D-arabino- Dehydro- Dehydro- S hikimate S hikimate-3-P C horis mate P rephenate D
E OH 2.4.1.9
heptulos onate-7-P quinate s hikimate PEP
enolpyruvate 3-P
X
NHAC NHC OC H 3 5.4.2.3
N-A c -G luc os amine-6-P
NHC OC H 3 G luc os e-1-P O O
OH C H 2 C OC OO
+
C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO C H 2 C H(NH 3 ) C OO
+
S
N-A c -Mannos amine UDP -N-A c -G luc os amine N-A c -G luc os amine-1-P HO OH OH C H 2 OH
O C H 2 C OO
C H 2 C OC OO
4.2.1.51
2. 3. 1.
O 5.1.3.14
C OO
2.7.7.23
OH OH OH H H OH
4 NH 2
-OOC
O
C H 2 C OO
O
C H 2 C OO
1.3.1.13
S OH
5.3.1.8 G luc os amine-6-P HO OH OH
C OO OH OH OH
F umaryl 5.2.1.2 Maleyl 1.13.11.5 Homogentis ate
O C C C CO C H 2 OH 1.13.11.27 2.6.1.5 1.14.16.1 2.6.1.5
OH HOC H 2 Hydroxyphenyl T Y R OS INE P HE NY L A L A NINE P henylpyruvate
E OH H OH OH OP
OH OH H OH
ac etoac etate ac etoac etate pyruvate 4. 3. 1.
5
C OO -
1.3.1.13 1.3.1.13
S HOC H 2 C C C C HO OH OH HO OH HO OH
OH
F ruc tos e S UC R OS E 3.2.1.26 3.2.1.48
G L UC OS E C HOHC H 2 NHC H 3 C HOHC H 2 NH 2 C H 2 C H 2 NH 2
+
C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO-
H OH H H OH OH 4 .1
G ulonate
1.1.1.19
G luc uronate
1.13.99.1
Inos itol
3.1.3.25
Inos itol-P 5.5.1.4
.1 .2
5
C H 2 C H 2 NH 2 C H=C HC OO C
OH H OH OH OH H OH 5.4.2.2 OH OH OH OH Ubiquinone C innamate A
OH H OH OH 1. 1. 1.
21
ATP OH OH OH OH
1.14.16.2
Menaquinone
3.1.1.18 HOC H 2 C
H
C C
H
C
H
CO HOC H 2 C
H
C C
H
CO CO
HOC H 2 C C C C CO 1.1.1.14 H H OH H C H 2O P
O
3.1.3.9 2.7.1.2 E pinephrine 2.1.1.28
Norepinephrine 1.14.17.1
Dopamine 4.1.1.28
Dopa
+
C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO
OH
T yramine 1.14.13.11 T
2.7.1.1
O O H O HOC H 2 C C C C C H 2 OH
2.6.1.16 (A drenaline)
C HOHC H 2 NH 2
(Noradrenaline)
HN O E
G ulonolac tone 1.1.3.8 2-Oxogulonolac tone A S C OR B A T E OH OH H OH O A DP .1 .6
1.10.2.1
S orbitol
2. 7 HO OH C H 2 OP 2 .1
1.14.18.1 H2 I I C H=C HC OO
C oumarate
C
1.1.1.45
OH H OH OH H OH H
1.10.3.3 . 1. 1.1.1.49 α-T oc opherol O C
O
HOC H 2 C C CO C C OO - C O C OO -
4 OH
O
C H(OH)C OO OH
OC H 3
C HOHC H 2 OH C H-C OO O
H
H OH H
HOC H 2 C
H
C
OH
CO HOC H 2 C
H
C CO
O
CO CO
2.7.1.3 P -G luc ono G luc os e-6-P Normetepinephrine
(V itamin E )
O
+
NH 3 O
OH
O
1.1.1.130 .1 7
P 3-Dehydrogulonate 2, 3-Dioxogulonate Dehydroas c orbate .1 lac tone HO OH OH OC H 3 (Normetadrenaline) OC H 3 Dopaquinone I I

E
H H OH H
C C OO -
3 .1
NADP + OH OH
1 .4
.3 .4 OH O NH OH L
P OC H 2 C C C 1.14.18.1
N
OH H OH H H OH H H
5.3.1.8 5.3.1.9 4-OH-3-Methoxy- 4-OH-3-Methoxy- P las toquinone ME L A NIN T HY R OXINE L IG NIN T annins P lant P igments A
6-P -G luc onate NA DP H
OH OH H OH
HOC H 2 C C C C HO HOC H 2 C C C C HO HOC H 2 C C C O C H 2 OH
H H OH
D-mandelate phenylglyc ol M
T H OH H OH OH H OH OH

O L -Xylos e 4.1.1.34 D-A rabinos e 5.3.1.3

D-R ibulos e 2.7.1.47 HOC H 2 C C C CO C H 2O P NADP +
H H HO
C H 2O P
O NHC OC H 2 NH 2 NH N
OOC -C H-C H 2 C OO
O
I
NH OOC
S OH H H OH H OH H
OH OH H
F ruc tos e-1-P
1.1.1.44
2.2.1.1 P OC H 2 C C C C O C H 2 OH H 2C C HO H 2C C HO
HC
N
CH
C
CH
HNC O C N
CH H 2N
C
C
N
CH
N
E HOC H 2 C C C C H 2 OH HOC H 2 C C CO C H 2 OH P OC H 2 C C CO C H 2 OH
H H H NA DP H
OH OH H
OH OH
OC
NH
RP
HN C
NH
RP
H 2N C
N
RP H2N
C
N
RP
H 2N C
N
RP H 2N
C N RP E
H OH OH H OH
2.7.1.53
H OH 5.1.3.1 F ruc tos e-6-P G lyc inamide- 2.1.2.2 F ormyl 6.3.5.3 F ormyl 6.3.3.1 5-A mino 4.1.1.21 5-A mino-4-imidazole 6.3.2.6 5-A mino-4-imidazole 4.3.2.2 5-A minoimidazole S
S L -A rabitol L -Xylulos e L -Xylulos e-5-P HOC H 2 C C C C H 2 OH H H
ribos yl-P glyc inamide-R P glyc inamidine-R P imidazole-R P c arboxylate-R P (N-s uc c inylc arboxamide)-R P c arboxamide-R P
O
C C N
OH OH H H OH H H OH H OH OH OH
R ibitol
P OC H 2 C C C O C H 2 OH ATP H2N
HC O C
CH

HOC H 2 C C C C HO HOC H 2 C C C C H 2 OH HOC H 2 C C C C HO OH OH H H 2.7.1.11 NH

O
NH O
2.1.2.3 NH N RP
H 2 NC ONH 2 H 2N C OO NH 2 H2N OC C N O N
H H OH 1.1.1.10 OH H OH OH H OH D-R ibulos e-5-P P OC H 2 C C C HO 3.1.3.11 CO HN C CO HN
C
C
C
Inos ine F ormylamido-
5 .3 2.7.1.47 A DP 6.3.4.13 Urea OC C
CO
OC C OC C CH HN C CH 3. 2. 2.
2 3. 1. 3.
5 imidazole-
L -A rabinos e .1 .4 Xylitol D-Xylos e H H H OH OH
N H NH N H NH N NH OC C HC C
OH H H OH OH OH OH HOC H 2 C C C C HO 5.1.3.1
E rythros e-4-P 3.5.3.4 H
3.5.2.5
H
1.7.3.3
H
1.1.1.204
NH
1.1.3.22
NH N NH
2.4.2.1 c arboxamide-R P
OH OH OH
H H HO
+ A llantoate A llantoin UR A T E 1.1.3.22 Xanthine Hypoxanthine 3.5.4.10 O
HOC H 2 C C C C HO HOC H 2 C C C O C H 2 OH P OC H 2 C C CO C H 2 OH P OC H 2 C C C C O C H 2O P C H 2 (NH 3 )C OOH NH 2 C N
N
D-R ibos e .1 .4
NH 2
N N HN C
H OH OH H H
L -R ibulos e 2.7.1.16 L -R ibulos e-5-P
H H
5.1 .3. 4 5.3.1.6
H OH OH OH H
2 .6 .1 0 G LY C INE N CH O O O HC
CH NH 2 N
C
OOC -C H-C H 2 C OO
HC C
CH
P
L -L yxos e C C C O C H 2 OH .1 20 N N NC N N RP
H OH 2 .7
P OC H 2 4.1.2.-
2.2.1.2 F ruc tos e- C H 2O P
O NH 2 1 .4
1.
1.
O HC
N N -O P ~O P ~O P O C H
2 O HC C
CH NH
C N
INOS INE -P U
1 .1 .1 OH H
2. O P O C H2 O N R P (P ) F umarate A s partate
.9 HOC H 2 C C CO C H 2 OH
.1 .1
5 D-Xylulos e-5-P 1: 6-bis -P OOC C H 2 NHC H 3
O O O N N
HC
C
C
CH (IMP ) R
S arc os ine OH OH 2.7.4.3
OH H
D-Xylulos e
2.7.1 .17 OH OH
G lyoxylate
O
OH
4.6 .1. 1 ATP 2.7.4.6
A DP
2.7.4.4 4.3.2.2
N NH R P
A denylo- 6.3.4.4 O
C N
I
P -R ibos yl 1.5.99.2 A DE NOS INE -P N
C yc lic A MP (A MP ) s uc c inate 3.1.4.6
HN C CH
H+
H H H amine 1.4.4.2 1.17.4.1 1.1.1.205 OC C
N RP E
H+ PHOTO- H+ P OC H 2 C C C C HO
H H H OH
OOC C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 2 d-A DP A denine 2.4.2.1
N
H
H+
2H+ yclic Ph
otophosphoryla SYSTEM
tion l
c
n-cycli electr
P OC H 2 C C C C C O C H 2O P 4.1.2.13 Dimethylglyc ine 2.7.4.6 3. 5. 4.
XA NT HOS INE -P S
No (electric curre on fl
OH OH OH 2.7.7.7 2.4.2.15
PHOTO-
SYSTEM C
2H+ H+ nt) o D-R ibos e-5-P S edoheptulos e-P P
OH OH OH H
2.1.1.5 2 .7 .7
.7 DNA 2. 7. 7. 7
d-G T P d-G DP 3 (XMP )
O
II
Ferredoxin 1 .1 G uanine 6.3.4.1 C N
w

H+ 7 .4 2. 4. 2.
P *- 2.2.1.1 OOC C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3
+
d-A T P 2 .7
.7 .7 d-C T P .1 1 6.3.5.2
HN
H 2N C
C CH

H 2e- PQ 2e-
2e H+ C
PQ
_
. P OC H 2C HOHC HO
B etaine F OL IC ATP 2.7.7.6
R NA 2.7.7.6
GTP 2.7.4.6
G DP 2.7.4.8
N N RP

O QB
PQH2 1e- 1e-
PQ
H+ 3-P -G lyc eraldehyde 1.2.1.8 2.1.2.1 A C ID 2 .7
T T P 2.7.4 1. 17 .4 G UA NOS INE -P
Fe-S NADP+ HOC H 2 C OC H 2 OP .7 .6
T PQH2 Cyt bf
Dihydroxy-
2.2.1.1
.1 + C1 .6
.1 (G MP )
5 .3 .1
QA 2.4.2.14 OHC C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3
O 2e- A1
H+
H+
ac etone-P Pi 6.3.4.7 B etaine P OOL NH 2
P
Pi 20 O 2 .7 T DP
O O C
S Pheophytin Cyt bc Chl.A0 (G lyc erone-P ) 5 .3 .1
.1 aldehyde 4.1.2.5 4. 2. 1. C O
.7 .6 C C N CH
Y
Y 2PQ .
_ 2e-
2PQ NADPH+H+ NA D+
C H3
C H3
HN C H-C H 3
HN
C
C C H3
2 .7
.4 .9 HN
C -C H 3
CH 2.1.1.45
HN CH
OC CH
P680
Chl.a 2PQH2 P700 Pi ADP
2.7.1.28 1.1.99.1 H 2 NC ONHC H 2 C HC OO
OC CH2
OC CH
OC
N OC CH
N DP
N
DP R
N 2e-
2e-
Fe-S 2e- Cyt.f
PC
H+
Glyceraldehyde
+
HOC H 2 C H 2 N (C H 3) 3
H 2 NC H 2 C HC OO
3-A mino- ß-Ureido
NH
Dihydro
NH
T hymine
2.4.2.4
DP
d-UMP
3.5.4.12
d-C MP
2.7.4.14
d-C DP I
T Mn H+
H+
1.2.1.12 C HOL INE 3.5.1.6 3.5.2.2 1.3.1.2 T HY MIDINE -P
PC PC
Ribulose-1,5-bis-P is obutyrate is obutyrate thymine O
M
α
α α

1.2.1.13 + O 2 .4 .2 NH 2
Pi
1

H 4H + HOC H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO 2. 1 C C C
a

.4
NA DH 4.2.1.22 . 1. HN C H2 HN CH
8
I
β

H+ H+ H+ A DP N CH 1.17.4.1
S E R INE
8

H 2O Translocated protons
2

13
E
β

H+ C H2
CO2 OC OC CH CH
1

2.6.1.51 H 2 NC ONHC H 2 C H 2 C OO OC
H+ H+ 4.1.1.11
S H+
H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ C H 2O P H 2 NC H 2 C H 2 C OO NH N H NH D
3
3

H+ γ O
P OC H 2C HOHC OO P 1.4.1.7 3.5.1.6 C arbamoyl 3.5.2.2 Dihydro- 1.3.1.2 3.5.4.1 C DP
ATP Fixation ß-A lanine Urac il C ytos ine
I O2 Protons from Water H+ H+ H+
1: 3-bis -P -G lyc erate ß-alanine urac il NH 2
I
H+

εε
2

H+
c

2.7.6.1
2

H+ H+ H+ β2 HOC H 2 C OC OO -OOC O O C
O
H+ C H 2.7.4.6
α

H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ O
α

OP OP 3.1.3.3 O C
S H+ H+
Hydroxy- NH
2 C H2
C C HN
C
CH C HN CH N
N
3

THYLAKOID LUMEN
OH OH C H2 CH HN CH CH
α

HN OC
ATP ATP HN 2.4.2.9
H+

THYLAKOID MEMBRANE P -R ibos yl-P P pyruvate OC

N
C H-C OO
OC C H-C OO OC C -C OO OC C -C OO OC N C H
OC
N
CH N
E
β

+ N R PPP RPPP
ATP synthase A DP P OC H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO H NH NH RP RP 6.3.4.2
A DP C arbamoyl Dihydro Orotate Orotidine-P Uridine-P UDP UR IDINE - C Y T IDINE - S
STROMA 3.6.1.34 P hos pho- 3.5.2.3 4.1.1.23 (UMP ) 2.7.4.4
CHLOROPLAST OUTER MEMBRANE 2.7.2.3 s erine as partate orotate 1.3.1.14 2.4.2.10 2.7.4.6 triphos phate triphos phate
1.1.1.29 (UT P ) (C T P )
C OO
HO HO
C OO ATP 2.6.1.52
2.6.1.22
NH 2 NH 2
C OO H H H H H H H H H H C ONH 2
+ C N OC N N H H
γ-L inolenate
1.14.99.25 1.13.11.34 P OC H 2 C C C C N C CH P OC H 2 C C C C NH C CH P OC H 2 C C CO C H2 NH C CH
P OC H2C HOH C OO
L inoleate A rac hidonate L eukotriene B 4 OH 1.1.1.95
P OC H 2 C OC OO
HC C HC C HC C P OC H 2 C C C CH
C OO 5. O
3-P -G lyc erate P -Hydroxy- OH OH
N N OH OH
N N OH OH
N N
1 .1 3 . 9 9 C OO O R P (P P ) O RP RP OH OH HN N
1.3.1.35 4 .9 . 3
C OO pyruvate 3.6.1.31 3.5.4.19 C
9 .1 O 2.4.2.17
P -R ibos yl-A T P P -R ibos yl-A MP P -R ibos ylformimino P -R ibulos ylformimino Imidazole H
C OS C oA
L C O-S -AC P
HO OH 5.3.99.5
HO
OH 2.7.1.31 5-aminoimidazole- 5.3.1.16 5-aminoimidazole- glyc erol-P
HC C C H 2 C HC OO
I Oleoyl-C oA P almitoleoyl-A C P P ros taglandin P G E2 T hromboxane B 2 P OC H2 C H(O P ) C OO + c arboxamide-R P +
c arboxamide-R P+
HOC H2C H(OH) C OO N NH NHC OC H 2 C H 2 NH 2 HC C C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO + HC C C H 2 C OC H 2 OP
1.14.99.5 2, 3-Diphos pho- 5.4.2.1 HC C C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C HO HC C C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C H 2 OH HC C C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C H 2 OP
P C OS C oA C H 3 (C H 2 ) 14 C H=C HC OS -C oA C H 3 (C H 2 ) 14 C H(OH)C H 2 C OS -C oA C H 3 (C H 2 ) 14 C OC H 2 C OS -C oA
glyc erate G lyc erate C
H C arnos ine N
CH
NH
N NH N NH N NH
N
C
NH
4.2.1.19

I S tearoyl-C oA Dehydros tearoyl-C oA OH-S tearoyl-C oA Oxos tearoyl-C oA C H 3C OO

CH CH CH H
C H 3 (C H 2 ) 14 C OC H 2 C OS -C oA
HIS T IDINE His tidinal His tidinol His tidinol-P Imidazole
D E ndoplas mic R etic ulum ACE TATE 4.1.1.22 1.1.1.23 1.1.1.23 3.1.3.15 2.6.1.9
ac etol-P
C H 3 (C H 2 ) 14 C OS -AC P C H 3 (C H 2 ) 14 C OS C oA HOC H2C H(O P ) C OO HC C C H 2 C H 2 NH 2
4.3.1.3
C hain elongation Mitoc hondrial
P almitoyl-A C P P almitoyl-C oA 2-P -G lyc erate OOC C HC H 2 C H 2 C OO OC C HC H 2 C H 2 C OO CH C CH C HC OO
B C H 3 (C H 2 ) n C H=C HC OS -C oA C H 3 (C H 2 ) n C H(OH)C H 2 C OS AC P C H 3 (C H 2 ) n C OC H 2 C OS AC P
1.2.1.4
N
C
NH
HN NH N NH N NH 4.3.1.3
I 1.3.1.9 4.2.1.60 1.1.1.100
H HIS T A MINE CH
3.5.2.7 CH
4.2.1.49 CH
A C Y L -A C P 2, 3-E noyl-A C P 4.2.1.61
3-OH-A c yl-A C P 3-Oxoac yl-A C P C H 3 C H 2 OH
F ormimino Imidazolone Uroc anate
O 1.3.1.10 2.3.1.41
4.2.1.11 E T HA NOL 2 .3
glutamate propionate
2.1.3.2
S C H 3 (C H 2 ) 5 C H=C HC H 2 C OS AC P
4. 2. 1.
.1 .3
0
C H 3 (C H 2 ) 6 C H 2 C H 2 C OS AC P 3, 4-Dec enoyl-A C P 60 C H 3 (C H 2 ) 6 C H(OH)C H 2 C OS AC P C H 3 (C H 2 ) 6 C OC H 2 C OS AC P +
Y Dec anoyl-A C P 1. 3. 1. 3-OH-Dec anoyl-A C P
1.1.1.100
3-Oxo-Dec anoyl-A C P 1.1.1.1
C H 2 C O-OC H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO
HS HS O - P hos phoadenylyl- A denylyls ulphate 2-
SO 4
9 C H 3 (C H 2 ) 6 C H=C HC OS AC P A c etyls erine
N 2, 3-Dec enoyl-A C P 4 .2 .1
.6 0 2.3.1.41 C H 2 =C (O P ) C OO C H 3 C HO +
1.8.99.1 1.8.99.2
s ulphate 2.7.1.25 (A P S ) 2.7.7.4
(P A P S )
T C H 3 (C H 2 ) 2 C H 2 C H 2 C OS AC P C H 3 (C H 2 ) 2 C H=C HC O-S -AC P C H 3 (C H 2 ) 2 C H(OH)C H 2 C OS AC P C H 3 (C H 2 ) 2 C OC H 2 C OS AC P P -enolpyruvate A c etaldehyde
S -C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO
+
4 .2
.9 9 +
+
C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO +
1.1.1.100 .8 HS C H 2 C H(NH C H 3 S C H C H C H(NH )C OO
H Hexanoyl-A C P
1.3.1.9
2, 3-Hexenoyl-A C P
4.2.1.59
3-OH-Hexanoyl-A C P 3-Oxo-Hexanoyl-A C P
HS
S -C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO 3 )C OO
4.4.1.1
+
S C H 2 C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO 4.2.1.22
+
HS C H 2 C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO
2.1.1.13
2 2 3
1.2.1.32
2.3.1.41
E C H 3 C H=C HC O.S -AC P C Y S T INE 1.6.4.1 C Y S T E INE
4.2.99.9
C ys tathionine 4.4.1.8
Homoc ys teine 2.1.1.14
ME T HIONINE
S C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 C OS AC P
1.3.1.9
C H 3 C H=C HC O-S -AC P
4.2.1.58
C H 3 C H(OH)C H 2 C OS -AC P
1.1.1.100
C H 3 C OC H 2 C OS AC P A DP .1 .1 1.13.11.20 Adenos yl
4 .1 4.4 .1.1 5 3.3.1.1 2.5.1.6
I B utanoyl-A C P C rotonoyl-A C P 3-OH-B utanoyl-A C P
C H 2 OH C H 2 OH
A c etoac etyl-A C P HOOC C H 2 C O-S -AC P
Malonyl-A C P 2.7.1.40 G lutamate
Adenos yl
+ +
C H 3 S C H C H C H(NH )C OO
+ S C H 2 C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO 2 2 3
S R -C H 2 C OO
HOC H HOC H
1.1.1.8 2.3.1.41
HO 2 S C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO
+
HO 3 S C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO
S -A denos yl
+
S -A denos yl
C H 3 (C H 2 ) n+2 C OS -C oA ATP 4.4 .1. 15 HS O 3- C ys teine C ys teate 2.1.1.10
6.2.1.3 3.1.2.20 F A T T Y A C ID C H 2 OH C H 2O P
2.3.1.39 .1 .2 s ulphinate 4 .1 6 .3 .2 homoc ys teine 2.1.1.20 methionine
A C Y L -C oA G lyc erol
2.7.1.30
3-P -G lyc erol K E TONE B ODIE S
3 .7 HO 2 S C H 2 C OC OO .1 .2
9
.2 +
C H 2S H (S A M)
(C ytos ol) 2.3 .1.1 5 3-S ulphinyl OOC C H(NH 3 )C H 2 C H 2 C ONHC HC OO
2.3. 1.51 C H 3 C OC H 3 C H 3 C H(OH)C H 2 C OO
HOOC C H 2 C O-S C oA P Y R UV A T E 1.4.1 .1 + pyruvate HO 2 S C H 2 C H 2 NH 2
1.8.1.3
HO 3 S C H 2 C H 2 NH 2 γ-G lutamylc ys teine
2.3.1.7
C H 2 O-C O-R A c etone 3-OH-B utyrate Malonyl-C o-A 1.2.4.1
2.6.1.2 C H 3 C H(NH 3 )C OO Hypotaurine T aurine G lyc ine
C arnitine 3.1.1.3 C H 2 O-C O-R C H 2 O-C O-R 2.3.1.12 A L A NINE 4.1.1.29 C H 2S H
2.7.8.5 4.1.2.5 + 6 .3 .2 +
R ’-C O-OC H .3
L O-A c yl-c arnitine C H 2 O-C O-R "
R ’-C O-OC H R ’-C O-OC H 4.1.1.4 1.1.1.30
C H 3 C O-S -AC P 4.1.1.9
1.8.1.4 4. 1. 3.
18
OOC C H 2C H 2 C OO C H 2 C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO
S uc c inylhomos erine
OOC C H(NH 3 )C H 2 C H 2 C ONHC HC ONHC H 2 C OO
G lutathione
C H 2 OH 4.1.1.12
I T riac ylglyc erol Diac yl
C H 2O P C H 3 C OC H 2 C OO
A c etoac etate
A c etyl-A C P 1 .1 +
C H 3 C H(OH)C H(NH 3 )C OO + + B ile A c ids
P O-A c yl-c arnitine FAT 2.3.1.20 glyc erol 3.1.3.4 2.7.1.107
P hos phatidate .1 .2
7
2.6.1.18 P OC H 2 C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO HOC H 2 C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO
3.1.2.11 2.3.1.38 O-P hos pho- Homos erine
T HR E ONINE HOC H 2 C (C H 3 ) 2 C OC OO
I 3.1.1.28 CH3COCOO- C H 3 C H(OH)C OO
4.2.99.2
homos erine
2.7.1.39 2.3.1.46 HC HO
4.1.2.12
Oxopantoate
D C H 3 (C H 2 ) n C H 2 C H 2 C OS C oA P Y R UV A T E LACTATE OHC C H 2 C OO -
4. 1. 3.
18 C H3 C H3
C H3
+
A C Y L -C oA C H 3 (C H 2 ) n C H=C HC OS C oA
4.2.1.17
C H 3 (C H n C H(OH)C H 2 C OS C oA
1.1.1.35
C H 3 (C H 2 ) n C OC H 2 C OS C oA 4.
2. Malonic
C OO
1.1.1.3
C (OH)C H(OH)C OO C HC OC OO
C HC H(NH 3 )C OO 1.1.1.169
(Mitoc hondria) 1.3.99.3
2, 3-E noyl-C oA 3-OH-A c yl-C oA 3-Oxoac yl-C oA 2. 3. 1. NA D HOH 4.2.1.16 C H3
D 16
1.2.4.1
1.
52 s emi- C H 3 C OC (OH)C H 3
2-A c etolac tate
1.1.1.86
C H3
4.2.1.9
C H3 2.6.1.32
HOC H 2 C (C H 3 ) 2 C H(OH)C OO
C H 3 (C H 2 ) 2 C OC H 2 C OS C oA ATP GDP 2-3-Dihydroxy 2-Oxo- 1.4.1.8 V A L INE
E C H 3 (C H 2 ) 2 C H 2 C H 2 C OS C oA
Hexanoyl-C oA 1.3.99.3
C H 3 (C H 2 ) 2 C H=C HC OS C oA
2, 3-Hexenoyl-C oA
4.2.1.17
C H 3 (C H 2 ) 2 C H(OH)C H 2 C OS C oA
3-OH-Hexanoyl-C oA
1.1.1.35
3-Oxohexanoyl-C oA 2. 3. 1.
16 C O2
2.3.1.12
3.1.3.43 1.2.1.18 aldehyde C H 3 C H 2 C OC OO is ovalerate is ovalerate
P antoate
C O2 Oxobutyrate ß-A lanine
G 6.4.1.1 4.1.1.32
C H3 C H3 C H3
1.2.1.25
3.5.1.22
6.3.2.1
C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 C OS C oA C H 3 C H=C HC OS C oA C H 3 C H(OH)C H 2 C OS C oA C H 3 C OC H 2 C OS C oA C H3
R B utanoyl-C oA
1.3.99.2
C rotonoyl-C oA
4.2.1.55
3-OH-B utanoyl-C oA
1.1.1.157
A c etoac etyl-C oA
2.3 .1.9
NADH+H+ HOC H 2 C HC OO HOC H 2 C HC OS -C oA- C H 2 = C C OS C oA C H 3 C HC O-S C oA HOC H 2 C (C H 3 ) 2 C H(OH)C O NHC H 2 C H 2 C OO
3.1.2.4
A Odd C F atty ac ids CH3COSCoA
GTP
C H3
4 .1
.3 .1
8
3-Hydroxy- 3-Hydroxy- 4.2.1.17 Methyl 1.3.99.3 Is obutyryl-C oA P A NTOT HE NA T E
D C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C OS C oA C H 3 C H 2 C H=C HC OS C oA C H 3 C H 2 C H(OH)C H 2 C OS C oA C H 3 C H 2 C OC H 2 C OS C oA
4.1.3.5 A C E T Y L -C oA 31 is obutyrate Is obutyryl-C oA ac rylyl-C oA
P entanoyl-C oA P entenoyl-C oA 3-OH-P entanoyl-C oA
1.1.1.35
3-Oxopentanoyl-C oA NAD+ OHC C HC OO 1. 1. 1. 2.7.1.33
A 2.6 .1.4 4
Methylmalonyl
C H3 C H3
CH3
+
T 2.6 .1.4 s emialdehyde C OO C HC OC OO
C H C H(NH 3 )C OO P OC H 2 C (C H 3 ) 2 C H(OH)C O NHC H 2 C H 2 C OO
C (OH)C H(OH)C OO
C H 3C H 2 4-P -P antothenate
I C H 2 O-C O-R C H 2 O-C O-R C H 2 O-C O-R OHC C OO 4.1.3.5 4.1.3.4
1.1.1.39 C H 3 C OC (OH)C H 2 C H 3
4.2.1.9
C H 3C H 2 C H 3C H 2 2.6.1.32 C ys teine
OH OH R '-C O-OC H 2.7.7.41 G lyoxylate 2-A c eto-2- 2: 3-Di-OH- 2-Oxo-3-methyl IS OL E UC INE
6.3.2.5
O R '-C O-OC H O O C OO
+
R '-C O-OC H O
C H 2 C OO
-OOCCOCH COO-
2 2. 3. 1.
16
hydroxy- 1.1.1.86 3-methylvalerate valerate
C OO
C H 2 O P O C H 2 C HNH 3 1.1.1.79 NA DH+H + OX A L OA C E T A T E 2.6.1.1
P OC H 2 C (C H 3 ) 2 C H(OH)C O NHC H 2 C H 2 C O NHC HC H 2 S H
N C H 2 O-P O 1.3.99.7
- S erine
C H 2 O P OC MP
1.2.3.5
C H 3 C (OH)C H 2 C OS C oA
butyrate 4-P -P antothenylc ys teine
O - HO OH O
2.7.8.8
O
ß-OH-ß-Methyl- 4. 2. 1.
4.1.3.7
CH2COO- C H3 CH3 CH3 1.2.1.25
P HOS P HA T IDY L C DP -diac yl HOC H 2 C OO 18 NAD+ C H3
OH
Inos itol G lyc olate glutaryl-C oA 4.1.3.8 C(OH)COO- C H 3 C OC HC OS C oA C H 3 C H(OH)C HC OS C oA C H 3 C H=C HC OS C oA C H 3 C H 2 C HC OS C oA 4.1.1.36
S E R INE 2.7.8.11 glyc erol CH2COO-
P hos phatidyl 2-Methylac eto-1.1.1.35 2-Methyl-3-4.2.1.17T iglyl-C oA 2 Methylbutyryl-
inos itol C H 2 O-C O-R
1.2.1.21 HOOC -C OOH
1.1.1.34
C IT R A T E ac etyl-C oA hydroxy- 1.3.99.3
C oA P OC H 2 C (C H 3 ) 2 C H(OH)C O NHC H 2 C H 2 C O NHC H 2 C H 2 S H
C H 2 O-C O-R C H 2 O-C O-R ’ Oxalate F MN I 4.1.3.2
R '-C O-OC H O O HC O-C O-R R '-C O-OC H O 2.7.8.5 HOC H 2 C HO
I -OOCCHO 4.2.1.3
C H 3 C H 2 C OS C oA
butyryl-C oA 4-P -P antetheine
P C H 2 O-C O-R
4.1.1.65 C H 2 O-P O C H 2 C H(OH)C H 2 O-P -OC H 2 C H 2 O-P O C H 2 C HOHC H 2 OH G lyc ol Glyoxylate CH(OH)COO -
P ropanoyl-C oA 2.7.7.3
- - O- aldehyde C H 2 C OO Cycle CHCOO-
1.6.5.3

O
H R '-C O-OC H O
+ C ardiolipin
O
P hos phatidylglyc erol C H 3 C (OH)C H 2 C HO
1.1.1.37
CH2COO- 2.1.3.1 6.4.1.3 C OOH C OOH +
(C H 3 ) 2 C HC H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO
F MNH 2 4.1.1.41
O C H 2 O P OC H 2 C H 2 NH 3
-
+ +
1.4.3.8 Mevaldate IS OC IT R A T E 5.1.99.1
(C H 3 ) 2 C HC (OH)C H 2 C OO (C H 3 ) 2 C HC HC H(OH)C OO (C H 3 ) 2 C HC H 2 C OC OO 2.6.1.6
L E UC INE
ADP - OC H 2 C (C H 3 ) 2 C H(OH)C O NHC H 2 C H 2 C O NHC H 2 C H 2 S H
Dephos pho-C oenzyme A
O C P P - OC H 2 C H 2 NH 3 P OC H 2 C H 2 NH 3 + 2-Is opropyl- 3-Is opropyl- 1.1.1.85 Oxoleuc ine
S 2.7.8.1 C DP -E thanolamine 2.7.7.14
E thanolamine-P 2.7 .1. 82
+
HOC H 2 C H 2 NH 3 2H 4.1.3.1 1.1.1.41 C H3 malate 4.2.1.33
malate 1.4.1.9
P hos phatidyl E thanolamine 1.1.1.32
2F e -S 2.7.1.24
P ethanolamine
C H 2 OH
CH3CH(OH)CH2CO.SCoA
OOC -C H-C OS C oA C H3 1.2.1.25
C H 2 O-C O-R (5 C lusters) MA L A T E 4.2 .1. 18 C H3
H C E P HA L IN HOC H O
HOC H O
+ C H 3 C OC H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3 -OOCCOCH CH COO-
4.1.1.71
Methylmalonyl-C oA OOC C H 2 C = C HC OS C oA C H 3 C = C HC OS C oA (C H 3 ) 2 C HC H 2 C OS C oA P -ADP - OC H 2 C (C H 3 ) 2 C H(OH)C O NHC H 2 C H 2 C O NHC H 2 C H 2 S H
A
C H 2 C OO
4H+ 6.4.1.4 1.3.99.10
2 2
O + C H 2 OP O C H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) A c etylc holine 4H+ 2-OXO - 3-Methyl- 3-Methyl- Is ovaleryl-C oA C oenzyme A
2.1.1.17
C H 2 OP O C H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3
3.1. 1.5
-
G lyc erophos phoc holine
O
3 .1
C H 3 C (OH)C H 2 C H 2 OH 1.6. 5.3 AS PAR TATE 2 .7 .2 4.2.1.18
glutac onyl-C oA c rotonyl-C oA M
L C H 2 OC H=C HR 2.1.1.71 O - L ys olec ithin .4 .2 Mevalonate 2H+ 4.2.1.2 G L UT A R A T E .4
1.1.1.3
C H 2 O-C O-R 3.1.4.4 2.3.1.6 or 1.2.4.2 I
I R -C O-OC H O
+ R '-C O-OC H O
+
3.1.1.32
3.1.4.3 2.7.1.36
2H+ -
2.3.1.61 +
P OOC C H 2 C H (NH 3 )C OO N
C H 2 OP O C H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3 2.7.4.2 OOCCH=CHCOO-
P - O
C H 2 OP O C H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3
O -
+
C P P -O C H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3
+
OC H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3
+
HOC H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3 F UMA R A T E
4.3.1.1
A s partyl-P 1 .2
H
C
H2
C
OOC C H 2 C H 2 C ONH
+
NH 3
O
I C holine L E C IT HIN C DP -c holine 2.7.7.15
C holine-P C HOL INE C H 2 C OO UQH 2 6.3.5.4 .1 .1
1 +
HC C H2
C H-C OO
H 2C C H2
C H-C OO
OOC C H 2 C H 2 C ONH OOC C HC H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H-C OO
+
OOC C H-C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C HC OO
+
plas malogen 1.3.1.35 2.7.8.2 2.7.1.32 OOC C OOC C
D 2 .7 .8
.3
3.1 .4. 12 C H 3 C (OH)C H 2 C H 2 O P P F ADH 2 +
-OOCCH2CH2CO.SCoA 5.1.99.1 OHC C H 2 C H (NH 3 )C OO N
1.3.1.26
N OOC C OC H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H-C OO NH 3 NH 3
S erine +NH + + + Diphos pho- S UC C INY L -C oA 5.4.99.2 OOC C H 2 C H 2 C HO A s partyl 4.2.1.52 2, 3-Dihydro- P iperideine- N-S uc c inyl- 2.6.1.17
N-S uc c inyl-2, 63.5.1.18 Diamino- A
S 2.3.1.50 3 NH 3 NH 3 NH 3
mevalonate
F e-S 1.3.5.1
6.2.1.4 S uc c inic S emialdehyde dipic olinate 2, 6-dic arboxylate 2-amino-6-oxo- diaminopimelate pimelate C
C H 3 (C H 2 ) 14 C OC HC H 2 OH C H 3 (C H 2 ) 14 C H(OH)C HC H 2 OH C H 3 (C H 2 ) 12 C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H 2 OH C H 3 (C H 2 ) 12 C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H 2 O- G alac tos e 1.2.1.16
s emialdehyde pimelate
Dehydros phinganin
1.1.1.102
S phinganin 4-S phingenin P s yc hos ine C yt.b F AD
-OOCCH2CH2COO-
S UC C INA T E
OH
+ + + + + + 5 .1 .1
.7 I
H 2 N(C H 2 ) 4 C H(NH 3 )C OO
G anglios ides UDP -S ugars A c yl-C oA
2.4.1.23 UQ II Glycine (C H 3 ) 3 NC H 2 C H(OH)C H 2 C OO (C H 3 ) 3 N(C H 2 ) 3 C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO (C H 3 ) 3 N(C H 2 ) 3 C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO
4. 1. 1.
20
D
2.4 .1. 62 3.5.1.23 A c yl-C oA 4.1.1.33 2.3.1.37 + C arnitine N 6 -T rimethyl- N 6 -T rimethyllys ine LY S INE 1.5.1.7 - 10
UDP -G alac tos e UQH 2 2H+
H 2 NOC C H 2 C H (NH 3 C OO
1.14.11.1
3-OH-lys ine
1.14.11.8 S
NHAcyl O
+ NHC OR
NHC OR A s paragine 2.6.1.19 C OO
C H 3 (C H 2 ) 12 C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H 2 O P O C H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3
O - C H 3 (C H 2 ) 12 C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H 2 OH C H 3 (C H 2 ) 12 C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H 2 O- G alac tos e C H2 5-A mino- +
NH C HC H 2 C H 2 C OO
+ +
S P HING OMY E L IN
2.7.8.3
C eramide C erebros ide C H 3 C -C H 2 C H 2 O P P levulinate 1.3.99.7 OOC C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C OS C oA OOC C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C OC OO OOC C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO OHC C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO
3.1.4.12 3.2.1.46 2.4.1.47 2UQH 2 UQH 2
1.3.99.7 Is opentenyl-P P 1.10.2.2 + 4.1.1.70
G lutaryl-C oA 2-Oxoadipate 2.6.1.39
2-A minoadipate 1.2.1.31 2-A minoadipate 1.5.1.9
S ac c haropine
R -C H(NH 3 ) C OO
C H3
(C 5) 4H+ OOC C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 NH 2 s emialdehyde
I 2H+ 2-A MINO A C ID A denos yl
L yc opene P hytoene
C H 3 C = C HC H 2 O P P
2e- 2UQ _. 4-A minobutyrate
S (C 40) Dimethylallyl-P P III 1e- _ R -C O-C OO (G A B A ) H 2 N(C H 2 ) 3 NH (C H 2 ) 4 NH (C H 2 ) 3 NH 2
C H 3 -S C H 2 C H 2 C HNH 2
+
(C 40) (C 5) 2-OXO A C ID S permine S -A denos ylmethyl
UQ.
TR A

T o B rain -V IS ION 2.5.1.1 2e- 15

O hv CH3 C H3 F e-S +
OOC C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO 1.
1. thiopropylamine L E G E ND
2.6.1.- 4.
NS

P ß-C A R OT E NE (C 40) 2.5.1.32 2.5.1.29 C H 3 C = C HC H 2 C H 2 C = C HC H 2 O P P C yt.bL C yt.bH

1e-
MI
(Dec arboxylated S A M)
A

R Metarhodops in R hodops in O
C H 2O P P G eranyl-P P NA
T IO N G L UT A MA T E 2. 7. 2. +
2.5.1.22 C arbohydrates A mino A c ids
11 P OOC C H C H C H (NH ) C OO
E 1.13.11.21 C H 3O C H3
G eranyl-geranyl-P P (C 10) C yt.c 1 2 2 3 H 2 N(C H 2 ) 4 NH (C H 2 ) 3 NH 2
B ios ynthes is B ios ynthes is
C OO - Ops in C H 3O (C 20) G lutamyl-P S permidine Degradation Degradation
N n
2UQ UQ
R etinoate
O Ubiquinone 2.5.1.10 1.10.2.2
O 1.2.1.36
C HO (C oenzyme Q) OPP C yt.c 1.4.1.2 1.4.1.14 3.5.1.2
6.3.1.2 1.2.1.41
L ipids P urines &
C H2 2.5.1.16
I trans -R etinal 5.2.1.3
11-c is -R etinal C HO Menaquinone C H 2 OH B ios ynthes is P yrimidines
D
L ight P hytol (C 20) ting A
s por . 6 . 1 . 3 T P s y NO 3 - NH 4+ +
H 2 NOC C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO + H 2 NC H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 NH 2
Degradation B ios ynthes is
1.1.1.105 1.1.1.105 n
R etinol es ters P las toquinone C uA C uA +-
tra 3 4 nth 1.6.6.1 G lutamine OHC C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO
P utres c ine Degradation
S C H3
F arnes yl-P P os cp 1.7.99.4 .7.1
1.7 .6.4 ATP G lutamic
as

O
H

HO CH3
e

1.6 .1 s emialdehyde
NO 2 -
2.3.1.76 (C 15) C O2
3.1.1.21
C H 2 OH
C H 2 OH
CH3 O
C H3 Heme a 2H+ 1.
18
.6
6.3.4.16 C H 3 C OC OO OHC C OO
V itamins C o-enzymes & Hormones
B ios ynthes is Degradation
S 5.2.1.7 6.3.5.5 C H2 C H2
5

trans -R etinol 11-c is -R etinol O

P hylloquinone α-T oc opherol
5.

δ F1 P yruvate G lyoxylate
3.

2.5.1.21
T Dark N2
6.

(V itamin A ) (V itamin K ) (V itamin E ) F6

CH C HC OO
H 2 NC OO P 2.6.1.13 P entos e P hos phate P athway
E S T E R OIDS 2H+ C uB Heme a 3 C arbamoyl-P +
H 2 NC ONHC H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO
N
P yrroline-5-
2H + AT P
R 2
β ATP C IT R UL L INE c arboxylate
4.1.3.16
P hotos ynthes is Dark R eac tions
2e- γ
O P roges terone
3
β
OOC C H(OH)C H 2 C OC OO
AD

β 2.1.3.3 4.1.1.17
4-Hydroxy-
P

H
AαT 1.5.99.8
H H 1.9.3.1
I HO HO HO HO
Pi
P +1 P i α 1.5.1.2
C H2 C H2
2-oxoglutarate
Human Metabolis m is identified as far pos s ible by black arrows
IV AD P +
H B ios ynthes is Degradation
D P regnenolone C HOL E S T E R OL Des mos terol Zymos terol
H
L anos terol 5.4.99.7
S qualene
1/ O
2 2 H+
H+
+
H 2 NC H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO
2.1.3.3
C H2 C HC OO
1.14.99.7
S (C 30) H+
H+
β
F1 OR NIT HINE
NH
2.6.1.23 C OMP A R T ME NT A T ION
γ 6.3.4.5
P R OL INE
HE MOG L OB IN C HL OR OP HY L L H+
C OO -
C OO -
H2O 1.14.11.2
+
OOC C H(OH)C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO
T he "B ackbone" of metabolis m involves
ε H 2 NC ONH 2 OOC C HC H 2 C OO G LY C OLY S IS in the C Y T OP LAS M,
P C H2
C H3
C H2 C H2
C OO - C H2 C OO -
C OO -
COO-
CH2
δ F0 2.1.4.1 UR E A N + HOC H C H2
4-Hydroxy- the T C A C Y C LE (mainly) in the Mitochondrial matrix
O CH H CH H2 C H3 C H C H2 H2 C H3 H+ H 2 NC NHC H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO glutamate
TR A NS L O

CH 2 C H2 - OOC C H2 H2 C H2 CH2
and AT P F OR MAT ION s panning the
C C C C H2 a H+ H+ G lyc ine + 3.5.3.1 A rginino- H 2C C HC OO
MIT OC HONDR IAL INNE R ME MB R ANE
R H 3C CH H 3C CH H3C C H2
H 2C
C
C H2
H2NCH2C=O
α
H+ H+
s NH 2
3.5.3.6
NO s uc c inate
N
H 1.5.1.12
HOC H C H2
N N N N N N 5-A mino- n it An electron flow (an electric current) generated from
P HC Fe CH
H H H H N
H H
N
C OO levulinate
-
1 0 c -s ucb- u +
H 2 NC NHC H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO 1.14.13.39 HC C HC OO
NADH and UQH2 drives the translocation of protons
H
H2C
H H
C H2 H 2C
H H
C H2
H 2C C H2
A HY DR OXY 3-Hydroxy-
N
from the matrix to the intermembrane space.
C

N N N N N N
N
H H
N
- OOC
CH 2 TE
D P R OTONS H+ H+ A R G ININE P R OL INE pyrroline-
The retrolocation of these protons through the F0 subunits
Y H3C
C
C H3 H 3C
C
C H3 H 3C
C
C H3
H 2C C H2 CH 2 4.2.1.24 H+ H+ of ATP synthase to the matrix then supplies the energy
H 2C 4.3.2.1 5-c arboxylate
R C H2
H C H2 C H2 H2 C H2 C H2 H2 C H2
-
OOC C H2
C
H2 C H2
C OO - A DP Pi
+ NH + NH 2 + NH 2 HN C
NH CO
needed to form ATP from ADP and phosphate

I C H2
C OO -
C H2
C OO -
C H2
C OO -
C H2
C OO -
C H2
C OO -
C H2
C OO -
C H2 C H2 H 2C N
H X ATP Y
2
H 2 NC NHC H 2 C OO H 2 NC N(C H 3 )C H 2 C OO P - HNC N(C H 3 )C H 2 C OO
N CH2
1.5.1.2
E lectron F low P roton F low
C OO - C OO -
N H2N
G uanidoac etate
2.1.1.2
C reatine 2.7.3.2 P -C reatine
C H3
S mall Numbers ( eg. 2.4.6.7) refer to the IUB MB E nzyme
1.3.3.4 1.3.3.3 4.1.1.37 4.3.1.8 C reatinine
S HE ME P rotoporphyrinogen C oproporphyrinogen Uroporphyrinogen P orphobilinogen
E ND
E R G O N IC R E A C T IO N
3.5.2.10 C ommis s ion (E C ) R eference Numbers of E nzymes
4.99.1.1 4.2.1.75

© 2003 International Union of Biochemistry and M olecular Biology 22 nd Edition Designed by Donald E. Nicholson, D.Sc., The University of Leeds, England – and Sigma-A ldrich
Product No. M 3907
www.iubmb.org

A rgentina Brazil Finland India Italy The Netherlands Russia Sw eden United States
SIGMA-ALDRICH DE SIGMA-ALDRICH BRASIL LTDA. SIGMA-ALDRICH FINLAND SIGMA-ALDRICH CHEMICALS SIGMA-ALDRICH S.r.l. SIGMA-ALDRICH CHEMIE BV SIGMA-ALDRICH RUSSIA SIGMA-ALDRICH SWEDEN AB SIGMA-ALDRICH
ARGENTINA, S.A. Tel: 55 11 3732-3100 Tel: 358-9-350-92 50 PRIVATE LIMITED Telefono: 02 33417310 Tel Gratis: 0800-0229088 TechCare Systems, Inc. Tel: 020-350510 P.O. Box 14508
Tel: 54 11 4556 1472 Fax: 55 11 3733-5151 Fax: 358-9-350-92 555 Telephone Fax: 02 38010737 Fax Gratis: 0800-0229089 (SAF-LAB) Fax: 020-352522 St. Louis, Missouri 63178
Fax: 54 11 4552 1698 Bangalore: 91-80-5112-7272 Numero Verde: 800-827018 Tel: 078-6205411 Tel: 095-975-1917/3321 Outside Sweden Tel: +46 8 7424200 Toll-free: 800-325-3010
Canada France Hyderabad: Fax: 078-6205421 Fax: 095-975-4792 Outside Sweden Fax: +46 8 7424243 Call Collect: 314-771-5750
A ustralia SIGMA-ALDRICH CANADA LTD. SIGMA-ALDRICH CHIMIE S.à.r.l. 91-40-5531 5548 / 2784 2378 Japan Toll-Free Fax: 800-325-5052
SIGMA-ALDRICH PTY., LIMITED Free Tel: 800-565-1400 Tel appel gratuit: 0800 211 408 Mumbai: SIGMA-ALDRICH JAPAN K.K. New Zealand Singapore Sw itzerland Tel: 314-771-5765
Free Tel: 1800 800 097 Free Fax: 800-265-3858 Fax appel gratuit: 0800 031 052 91-22-2579 7588 / 2570 2364 Tokyo Tel: 03 5821 3111 SIGMA-ALDRICH PTY., LIMITED SIGMA-ALDRICH PTE. LTD. FLUKA CHEMIE GmbH Fax: 314-771-5757
Free Fax: 1800 800 096 Tel: 905-829-9500 New Delhi: Tokyo Fax: 03 5821 3170 Free Tel: 0800 936 666 Tel: 65-6271 1089 Swiss Free Call: 0800 80 00 80 Internet:
Tel: 612 9841 0555 Fax: 905-829-9292 Germany Free Fax: 0800 937 777 Fax: 65-6271 1571 Tel: +41 81 755 2828
SIGMA-ALDRICH CHEMIE GmbH 91-11-2616 5477 / 2619 5360 K orea sigma-aldrich.com
Fax: 612 9841 0500 Fax Fax: +41 81 755 2815
China Free Tel: 0800-51 55 000 SIGMA-ALDRICH KOREA Norw ay South A frica
A ustria SIGMA-ALDRICH CHINA INC. Free Fax: 0800-649 00 00 Bangalore: 91-80-5112-7473 Tel: 031-329-9000 SIGMA-ALDRICH NORWAY AS SIGMA-ALDRICH United K ingdom
SIGMA-ALDRICH HANDELS GmbH Tel: 86-21-6386 2766 Hyderabad: 91-40-5531 5466 Fax: 031-329-9090 Tel: 23 17 60 60 SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD. SIGMA-ALDRICH COMPANY LTD.
Tel: 43 1 605 81 10 Fax: 86-21-6386 3966 Greece Mumbai: 91-22-2579 7589 Fax: 23 17 60 50 Tel: 27 11 979 1188 Free Tel: 0800 717181
Fax: 43 1 605 81 20 SIGMA-ALDRICH (O.M.) LTD New Delhi: 91-11-2616 5611 M alaysia Fax: 27 11 979 1119 Free Fax: 0800 378785
Czech Republic Tel: 30 210 9948010 SIGMA-ALDRICH (M) SDN. BHD Poland Tel: 01747 833000
Belgium SIGMA-ALDRICH s.r.o. Fax: 30 210 9943831 Ireland Tel: 603-56353321 SIGMA-ALDRICH Sp. z o.o. Spain
SIGMA-ALDRICH IRELAND LTD. Fax: 01747 833313
SIGMA-ALDRICH NV/SA. Tel: 246 003 200 Fax: 603-56354116 Tel: (+61) 829 01 00 SIGMA-ALDRICH QUÍMICA S.A.
Free Tel: 0800-14747 Fax: 246 003 291 Hungary Free Tel: 1800 200 888 Fax: (+61) 829 01 20 Free Tel: 900101376
Free Fax: 0800-14745 SIGMA-ALDRICH Kft Free Fax: 1800 600 222 M exico Free Fax: 900102028
Tel: 03 899 13 01 Denmark Tel: 06-1-235-9054 SIGMA-ALDRICH QUÍMICA, Portugal
SIGMA-ALDRICH Fax: 06-1-269-6470 S.A. de C.V. SIGMA-ALDRICH QUÍMICA, S.A.
Fax: 03 899 13 11
DENMARK A/S Ingyenes zöld telefon: 06-80-355-355 SIGMA-ALDRICH ISRAEL LTD. Free Tel: 01-800-007-5300 Free Tel: 800 20 21 80
sigma-aldrich.com/pathw ays
Tel: 43 56 59 10 Ingyenes zöld fax: 06-80-344-344 Tel: 08-948-4100 Free Fax: 01-800-712-9920 Free Fax: 800 20 21 78
XXX Fax: 43 56 59 05 Fax: 08-948-4200