Giaideso 08

Gii s 08 Gip hc sinh n thi i hc, cao ng nm 2009
Son: Cao Long . Tel: 01236012220 . Nick: longdocao (@yahoo.com.vn) 1/11

G

Cu I.1:
H
Cu I.2: Tm k ( ) : 3 d y kx = + c ( ) C c m s
2 1
1
x
y
x
+
=
-
t
M, N sao cho tam gic OMN vung gc t O.
P/trnh honh ( ) d v ( ) C :
2 1
3
1
x
kx
x
+
= +
-
(1)
( )( ) 2 1 1 3 , 1 x x kx x + = - +
( ) ( )
2
1 4 0, 1 kx k x x + - - = (2)
( ) d c ( ) C t (1) ph (2)
c hai nghi 1 x .
( ) ( )
2
1 4 f x kx k x = + - - .
n x
( ) ( )
( )
2
1 4 4 0
. 1 0
k k
k f
D = - - - >

( ) ( )
2
14 1 0
1 4 0
k k
k k k
+ + >

+ - -
7 4 3
7 4 3
3 0
k
k
k
< - -
> - +
7 4 3
7 4 3
k
k
< - -

> - +
(*)
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , ; x y x y l t M, N c ( ) d v ( ) C . Ta
c
1 2
; x x l nghi c nh (2).
1 2
1 k
x x
k
-
+ = ;
1 2
4
x x
k
-
= . (a)
M ( ) , M N d : 3 y kx = + nn ta c :
1 1
3 y kx = + ;
2 2
3 y kx = + .
Tam gic OMN vung t O nn . 0 OM ON OM ON ^ =
uuuur uuur uuuur uuur
. (b)
Ta c ( )
1 1
; OM x y =
uuuur
, ( )
2 2
; ON x y =
uuur
.
Suy ra
1 2 1 2
. OM ON x x y y = +
uuuur uuur
( )( )
1 2 1 2
3 3 x x kx kx = + + +
( )
2
1 2 1 2 1 2
. 3 9 OM ON x x k x x k x x = + + + +
uuuur uuur

Thay d
( )
2
4 1
. 1 3 . 9
k
OM ON k k
k k
- -

= + + +

uuuur uuur

Theo (b), ta c
( )
2
3 1 1
1 3 . 9 0
k k
k k
k k
- - -

+ + + =

2
6 4 0 k k - + - = .
Gi nh ny 3 5 k = - , 3 5 k = + .
3 5 k = - , 3 5 k = + .
V k th u c i ton l 3 5 k = - , 3 5 k = + .

1

Cu II.1: Gi nh
( )
2 2
2 2
5
2 5
x y x y x y
x y
- + + + - =
+ =
(1)
Gi
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 x y x xy y x xy y x y x y + = + + + - + = + + -
( ) ( )
2 2
x y x y = + + -
Ta c (1)
( ) ( )
2 2
5
5
x y x y x y x y
x y x y
- + + + + - =

+ + - =

( ) ( )( )
2
5
2 5
x y x y x y x y
x y x y x y x y
- + + + + - =

- + + - + - =
(2)
S x y x y = - + + , ( )( ) P x y x y = - + , 0, 0 S P , h nh
2
5
2 5
S P
S P
+ =
- =
( )
2
5
2 5 5
P S
S S
= -

- - =
2
5
2 15 0
P S
S S
= -

+ - =

H y c hai nghi
3
2
S
P
=
v
5
10
S
P
= -
(khng th n 0 S )
V 3; 2 S P = =
Ta c h
( )( )
3
2
x y x y
x y x y
+ + - =
+ - =
(3)
T (3) ta c x y + v x y - l hai nghi nh
2
3 2 0 X X - + = .
P/trnh ny c hai nghi 1; 2 X X = =
T cc h
1
2
x y
x y
+ =
- =
(4);
2
1
x y
x y
+ =
- =
(5).
T
1
2
x y
x y
+ =
- =
;
1
2
x y
x y
+ = -
- =
;
1
2
x y
x y
+ =
- = -
;
1
2
x y
x y
+ = -
- = -

Gi
3
2
1
2
x
y
= -
;
1
2
3
2
x
y
= -
;
1
2
3
2
x
y
-
=
;
3
2
1
2
x
y
-
=

T
2
1
x y
x y
+ =
- =
;
2
1
x y
x y
+ = -
- =
;
2
1
x y
x y
+ =
- = -
;
2
1
x y
x y
+ = -
- = -

Gi
3
2
1
2
x
y
;
1
2
3
2
x
y
-
=
= -
;
1
2
3
2
x
y
;
3
2
1
2
x
y
-
=
-
=

Tm l cho c 8 nghi
E 2

3
2
1
2
x
y
= -
;
1
2
3
2
x
y
= -
;
1
2
3
2
x
y
-
=
;
3
2
1
2
x
y
-
=
;
3
2
1
2
x
y
;
1
2
3
2
x
y
-
=
= -
;
1
2
3
2
x
y
;
3
2
1
2
x
y
-
=
-
=

Cu II.2: Cho p/trnh
2 2
cos4 cos 3 .sin x x m x = + (1)
a) Gi nh (1) khi 0 m =
b) Tm m nh (1) c nghi 0;
12
p

.
a) Khi 0 m = , ta c p/trnh
2
cos4 cos 3 x x = (2)
( )
1
cos4 1 cos6
2
x x = +
Nhn thy: 4 2.2 ; 6 3.2 x x x x = = nn ta dng cng thc gc nhn hai v gc nhn
ba bin i p/trnh theo cos2x .
( )
2 3
2 2cos 2 1 1 4cos 2 3cos2 x x x - = + -
3 2
4cos 2 4cos 2 3cos2 3 0 x x x - - + =
cos2 t x = ta c p/trnh
3 2
4 4 3 3 0 t t t - - + = .
V dng my tnh gii c mt nghim 1 t = .
Sau chia
3 2
4 4 3 3 t t t - - + cho 1 t - ta c
( )
( )
3 2 2
4 4 3 3 1 4 3 t t t t t - - + = - - . Tm c hai nghim cn li !
( )
( )
2
3
1 4 3 0 1;
2
t t t t - - = = =
V 1 t = ta c cos2 1 2 2 x x k x k p p = = =
V
3
2
t = , ta c
3
cos2 2 2
2 6 12
x x l x l
p p
p p = = + = +
V
3
2
t = - , ta c
3 5 5
cos2 2 2
2 6 12
x x m x m
p p
p p = - = + = +
K n, ta c cc nghi nh (2) l
;
12 2
x k x x n
p p
p = = = + , ( ) , k n
Nhn xt: Khi gp tr/hp
2 2
3
cos 2
4
t x = = , tm nghim gn ta nn h bc, ch
ng tch ra hai trng hp
3 3
cos2 ;cos2
2 2
x x = = - s c nhiu cng thc
nghim.
Tht vy, ( )
2
3 1 3 1
cos 2 1 cos4 cos4
4 2 4 2
x x x = + = =

Ta gii c 2 cng thc nghim 4 2
3 12 2
x k x k
p p p
p = + = + .
V vic hp nghim c thc hin.
P/trnh (2) c cc nghim cho bi x kp = ;
12 2
x k
p p
= + . Ok !!!
b) n, ta c th ( )
2
1
sin 1 cos2
2
x x = - .
Ta c (1) ( ) ( )
1 1
cos4 1 cos6 . 1 cos2
2 2
x x m x = + + -
cos6 2cos4 .cos2 1 0 x x m x m - - + + =
( )
3 2
4cos 2 3cos2 2 2cos 2 1 cos2 1 0 x x x m x m - - - - + + =
( )
3 2
4cos 2 4cos 2 3 cos2 3 0 x x m x m - - + + + = (3)
cos2 t x = , p/trnh (3) tr nh ( )
3 2
4 4 3 3 0 t t m t m - - + + + = (4)
Nhn xt : Tng cc h s ca (4) bng 0 nn (4) c mt nghim 1 t = . Thc hin
php chia nh cu a) tm nghim cn li !
( )
( )
2
1 4 3 0 t t m - - - =
2
1
4 3
t
t m
=

= +
( )
2
1
3
5
4
t
m
t
=

V 0
12
x
p
< < , ta c cos2 cos ; 1
12
t x
p

=

nn nghi 1 t = khng th n.
Ta c ( )
2 2
1
cos 2 1 cos4
2
t x x = = + .
V 0
12
x
p
< < , ta c 0 4
3
x
p
< < nn
1
cos4 ;1
2
x

.
Suy ra ( ) ( )
2
1 1 1
1 1 1
2 2 2
1
1 cos4
2
t x

+ < = + < +

hay
2
3
1
4
t < < .
T /trnh (1) c nghi 0;
12
x
p

khi v ch nh (5) c nghi
cos ;1
12
t
p

2
3
1
4
t < < .
2
3
1
4
3
4
m
t
+
= < <
3 3 4 m < + < 0 1 m < <
V m ph m th u c i ton l ( ) 0;1 m .
2 5 15
5
y
+
=
Cu III: Tnh tch phn
2
2
0
1
1
x
I dx
x
+
=
-

cos x t = , sin dx tdt = -

V 0 x = , ta c
2
t
p
= ; v
2
2
x = , ta c
4
t
p
=
( )
4
2
1 cos
sin
1 cos
t
I t dt
t
p
p
+
= -
-
( )
2 2
2
4
1 2cos 1
sin
1 1 2sin
t
tdt
t
p
p
+ -
=
- -

2 2
2
4
cos
sin
sin
t
I tdt
t
p
p
=

2
4
cos
sin
sin
t
tdt
t
p
p
=

2
4
cos
.sin
sin
t
tdt
t
p
p
==

2
4
costdt
p
p
=

2
4
sin I t
p
p
=
2
sin sin 1
2 4 2
p p
= - = -
Cn nhiu cch gii khc, cc em c th tm thm cc sch tham kho.

Cu IV: . ABC A B C ABC l tam gic vung cn, c c
2 AB = . Bi ( ) ( ) ABA ABC ^ , 3 AA = , gc
A AB nh
( ) A AC v ( ) ABC b 60
o
. Tnh th

K A H AB ^ ( H thu AB v
gc
A AB nh
M ( ) ( ) , ABA ABC
vung gc nhau v c giao tuy AB.
Suy ra ( ) A H ABC ^ A H AC ^
K || HI BC ( I CA ).
HI AC ^ (do BC AC ^ ).
T ( ) AC A HI ^
AC A I ^ .
V ( ) A AC
v ( ) ABC b

60
o
A IH = .
60
0
I
B'
A'
C
A
B
C'
H

A H .
x AH = , 0 2 x < .
Do || AH BC nn ta c
1 2
IH AH IH x
BC AB
= =
2
x
IH = .
Trong tam gic vung A HA , ta c
2 2 2
3 A H A A AH x = - = - (1)
Trong tam gic vung A IH , ta c
( )
0
3
.tan .tan60
2 2
x
A H IH A IH x = = = (2)
So snh (1) v (2) ta suy ra
2
3
3
2
x x - =
2 2
3
3
2
x x - =
Gi
2
6 6
5 5
x x = = .
Suy ra
3 6 3 3
.
2 5 2 5
A H x = = =

Di ABC b
1 1 1
. .1.1
2 2 2
ABC
S CACB = = =
V cho b
1 3 3 5
. .
2 10 5
ABC
V S A H = = = .
Lu : Trong hnh v, ta tnh c
6
1,095
5
AH = v 2 1,414 AB = nn v
tr ca H lch v pha B (vt qu
2
3
on AB).
Cn ch v ng hnh. Nu gc
A AB t th im H nm ngoi on AB.

Cu V: Tm t m nh sau c b
2
4 3
4 2
1
1
5
x x
m m
- +

= - +

(1)
2
4 3 t x x = - + , ( 0 t ) (2)
P/trnh (1) tr nh
4 2
1
1
5
t
m m

= - +

(3)
Nh m lm cho (3) c nghi t th (3) ch
( )
4 2
1
5
log 1 t m m = - +
Do v ch
Xt hm s ( )
2
4 3 y f x x x = = - + , ta c ( )
2
2
4 3 1 3
4 3 1 3
x x x x
f x
x x x
- +
=

- + - < <

( )
2 4 1 3
2 4 1 3
x x x
f x
x x
-
=

- + < <
.
( ) ( ) 0 2 1;3 f x x = = . Ta c b n c m s
x - 1 2 3 +
( ) f x - | + 0 - | +
( ) f x
+
0

1

0
+
D o b n thin ta nh nh
2
4 3 t x x = - + c b i
khi v ch 0 1 t < < .
0 1
1 1 1 1 1
1
5 5 5 5 5
t t

> > > >

(do hm
1
5
t
y

=

ngh
p/trnh (3) ch 0 1 t < < .
T l ph
4 2
1
1 1
1
5 5
t
m m = - +

> >


4 2
1
1 1
5
m m < - + <
4 2
4 2
1
1
5
1 1
m m
m m
< - +
- + <
4 2
4 2
5 5 4 0
0
m m
m m
- + >

- <

( )
( )
2
2
2 2
1 11
5 0
2 4
1 0
m
m m
- + >
- <
0, 1 1
m
m m

- < <

( ) ( ) 1;0 0;1 m -
V m ph m l ( ) ( ) 1;0 0;1 m - .

Cu VI.a.1
Trong m Oxy ( ) : 2 5 1 0 d x y - + - = v
n ( )
2 2
: 2 3 0 C x y x + - - = c A, B. Vi nh n ( ) C
, A B v ( ) 0;2 C .
P/trnh c ( ) ( )
2
2
: 1 4 C x y - + = (*)
Ta suy ra ( ) C c tm ( ) 1;0 I , bn knh b 2 R = .
T nh c ( ) d , ta c 2 1 5 x y = + - hay 1 2 5 x y - = - .
Thay vo p/trnh c ( ) C , ta c
( )
2
2
2 5 4 0 y y - + - =
2
5 4 5 1 0 y y - + = .
Gi nh ny ta
2 5 15
5
y
+
= ;
2 5 15
5
y
-
= .
Cc gi tr x l
2 15 5
1
5
x
-
= + ;
2 15 5
1
5
x
- -
= +
V ( ) d c ( ) C t
2 15 5 2 5 15
1;
5 5
A

- +
+

;
2 15 5 2 5 15
1;
5 5
A

- - -
+

.
Nh ( ) 1;2 IC = -
uur
( ) d l ( ) 2;1 u =
r
.
Ta c . 1.2 2.1 0 IC u = - + =
uur r
( ) IC d ^ . Suy ra CI AB (tnh ch
c vung gc v CI
AB, suy ra CA CB = nn tam gic CAB cn t C.
Suy ra, tm I c n ( ) C n IC .
IC ( ) 0;2 C v c vecto ch ( ) 1;2 IC = -
uur
nn c p/trnh
:
2 2
x t
IC
y t
= -
= +

G I IC l ( ) ;2 2 I c c - + , c .
Ta c
2 2
I A I C I A I C = =
2 2
2 15 5 2 5 15
1 2 2
5 5
c c

- +
+ + + - -

( )
2
2
2 2 2 c c = + - -

( ) ( )
2
2 2 15 5 2 15 5
2 1 1
5 5
c c

- -
+ + + +

( ) ( )
2
2 2 5 15 2 5 15
4 1 4 1
5 5
c c

+ +
+ - + + +

2 2
4 c c = +
( ) ( )
2
2
4 2 5 1 5 1 5 c c c - + + + =
( )
10 2 5 2 5 9 c - = -
2 5 9 35 5
40 10 2 5
c
- - +
= =
-

V
35 5 5 5
;
40 20
I

- +

.
Bn knh c ( ) C b
35 5 1 7 5
5 . 5
40 8
R I C c
- + -
= = = =
P/trnh c ( ) C :
2 2 2
35 5 5 5 1 7 5
40 20 8
x y

- + + -
- + - =

Nhn xt: Bi ny ti dng tnh cht ( ) IC d ^ , t chng t tm /trn
( ) C nm trn IC nn vic gi ta ca I c n gin hn mt bc.
Nu ch dng t/cht ( ) C i qua , , A B C chc c l phi tnh ton rt cng knh cc
bn nh ?
Cu VI.a.2 Trong khng gian v Oxyz , cho m ( ) : 2 5 0 x y z a + - + = ,
( )
3 1 3
:
2 1 1
x y z
d
+ + -
= = . Vi nh tham s nh chi
( ) d trn m ( ) a .

( ) ( ) A d a = (b ( ) ( ) , d a )
L ( ) 3; 1;3 M - - thu ( ) d (ho tm hnh chi M c
M trn ( ) a . Cch lm: Vi nh ( ) D qua M v ( ) a D ^ .
( ) M a = D . (Gi ( ) , a D m t M ).
Hnh chi ( ) d trn ( ) a AM.

Cu VII.a: Cho , 2 n n . Ch
1
0 1 2
2 2
. . ...
1
n
n
n
n n n n
C C C C
n
-

-

-

Xt hkai tri ( )
0 1 2 2
1 ...
n
n n
n n n n
x C C x C x C x + = + + + +
Thay 1 x = ta c ( )
0 1 2 2
1 1 1 1 ... 1
n
n n
n n n n
C C C C + = + + + +
1 2 1
1 ... 1 2
n n
n n n
C C C
-
+ + + + + =
1 2 1
... 2 2
n n
n n n
C C C
-
+ + + = -
p d 1 n - s
1 2 1
, ,...,
n
n n n
C C C
-
ta c

( )
1 2 1 1 2 1
1
... 1 ...
n n
n
n n n n n n
C C C n C C C
- -
-
+ + + - ( )
1 2 1
1
2 2 1 ...
n n
n
n n n
n C C C
-
-
- -
1 2 1
1
2 2
...
1
n
n
n
n n n
C C C
n
-
-
-

-
1
1 2 1
2 2
...
1
n
n
n
n n n
C C C
n
-
-

-

-

.
L
0
1
n
n n
C C = = . Suy ra
1
0 1 2 1
2 2
...
1
n
n
n n
n n n n n
C C C C C
n
-
-

-

-

Cu VI.b.1 Trong m Oxy , cho tam gic ABC c tr
( ) 2; 1 G - - v cc c : 4 15 0 AB x y + + = , : 2 5 3 0 AC x y + + = . Tm di M trn
AH c ABC sao cho tam gic BMC vung t M.
Tm t A (b AB, AC ( ) 4;1 A - )
AB ( ) 4;1 A - v c vecto ch ( ) 1; 4
AB
u = -
uuur
nn c p/trnh tham
s ( )
4
:
1 4
x t
AB
y t
= - +
= -
.
AC ( ) 4;1 A - v c vecto ch ( ) 5; 2
AC
u = -
uuur
nn c p/trnh tham s
( )
4 5
:
1 2
x t
AC
y t
= - +
= -
.
G c ( ) B AB l ( ) 4 ;1 4 B b b - + - ;
g ( ) C AC l ( ) 4 5 ;1 2 C c c - + - .
G N BC, ta c t N b
5
4 ;1 2
2
b c
N b c
+

- + - -

(1)
Theo tnh ch 3 NA NG =
uuur uuur
, suy ra t N l
( )
( )
4 3 2 3
1
1 3 2
:
1 3 1 3
2
1 3 2
A G
N
A G
N
x x
x
N
y y
y
- - - -
= = = -
- -
- - -
= = = -
- -
(2)
So snh (1) v (2)
5
4 1
2
1 2 2
b c
b c
+
- + = -
- - = -
5 6
2 3
b c
b c
+ =

+ =
1
1
b
c
=
.
T ( ) 3; 3 B - - , ( ) 1; 1 C -
Vecto ( ) ( ) 4;2 2 2;1 BC = =
uuur
.
AH vung gc v BC nn nh ( )
1
2;1
2
n BC = =
r uuur
lm vecto php
tuy suy ra ( ) 1; 2 u = -
r
l vecto ch ( ) 4;1 A - nn c
p/trnh tham s l ( )
4
:
1 2
x t
AH
y t
= - +
= -
.

G ( ) M AH d ( ) 4 ;1 2 M m m - + - .
Ta c ( ) 1 ; 4 2 MB m m = - - +
uuur
; ( ) 5 ; 2 2 MC m m = - - +
uuuur
.
Theo gi MBC vung t M nn . 0 MB MC MB MC ^ =
uuur uuuur uuur uuuur
.
( )( ) ( )( ) 1 5 4 2 2 2 0 m m m m - - + - + - + =
2
5 18 13 0 m m - + =
13
1;
5
m m = =
V u c i ton l ( ) 3; 1 M - - v
7 21
;
5 5
M

- -

Cu VI.b.2 Trong khng gian v Oxyz
( )
1
1
: 4 2
3
x
d y t
t
=
= - +
; ( )
2
3
: 3 2
2
x t
d y t
z
= -
= +
= -

Vi nh ( ) d ( ) 1;1;2 M - ( )
1
d v ( )
2
d .
Gi ( ) d c ( )
1
d , ( )
2
d l t , A B .
G A, B l ( ) 1; 4 2 ;3 A a a - + + , ( ) 3 ;3 2 ; 2 B b b - + - .
Suy ra ( ) 3 1;2 2 7;5 BA b a b a = + - - +
uuur
; ( ) 2;2 5; 1 MA a a = - +
uuur

2 2 7 5 5 3 1 3 1 2 2 7
, ; ;
2 5 1 1 2 2 2 5
a b a a b b a b
BA MA
a a a a
- - + + + + - -

=

- + + -

uuur uuur

( ) , 10 2 2 18; 3 3 9; 2 11 6 9 BA MA a b ab a b ab a b ab

= - - - + - - + - - + +

uuur uuur

( ) d M khi v ch M, A, B th ng.
, BA MA
uuur uuur
, 0 BA MA

=

uuur uuur r

10 2 2 18 0
3 3 9 0
2 11 6 9 0
a b ab
a b ab
a b ab
- - - + =
- - + =
- - + + =
32 17 63 0
17 27 0
2 11 6 9 0
a b
b
a b ab
- - + =
- + =
- - + + =
(*)
Gi nh
9 27
;
8 17
a b = = . Thay vo v nh th
9 27 9 27
2. 11. 6. . 9 0
8 17 8 17
- - + + = (th n)
V
9 27
;
8 17
a b

= =

Suy ra
7 33
1; ;
4 8
A

-

,
81 105
; ; 2
17 17
B

- -

v
11 17
2; ;
4 8
MA

= -

uuur

Suy ra ( )
1
16; 22;17
8
u MA = = -
r uuur

( ) ( ) 1;1;2 M - v nh ( ) 16; 22;17 u = -
r
lm vecto ch
nn c ph/trnh tham s

( )
1 16
: 1 22
2 17
x t
d y t
z t
= - +
= -
= +
, ( ) t .
Cu VII.b Gi nh
( ) ( )
8 4 4 54 2 2 101 0
x x x x - -
+ - + + =
1
2 2 2
2
x x x
x
t
-
= + = + .
Theo b 2 2 2 2.2 2
x x x x - -
+ = . Suy ra 2 t .
Ta c
( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 4 4 2
x x x x x x
t
- - -
= + = + + = + +
2
4 4 2
x x
t
-
+ = -
P/trnh cho tr nh
( )
2
8 2 54 101 0 t t - - + = ( ) 2 t .
2
8 54 85 0 t t - + =
Gi nh ny
17 5
;
4 2
t t = = n 2 t )
V
17
4
t = , ta c
1 17
2
4 2
x
x
+ =
2
4.2 17.2 4 0
x x
- + =
2 4
2
1
2 2
4
x
x
x
x
=
=

= - =

V
5
2
t = , ta c
1 5
2
2 2
x
x
+ =
2
2.2 5.2 2 0
x x
- + =
2 2
1
1
1 2
2
x
x
x
x
=
=

= - =

K nh cho c b { } 2; 1;1;2 - - .

12
CNG HA

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Gii s 08 Gip hc sinh n thi i hc, cao ng nm 2009

Son: Cao Long . Tel: 01236012220 . Nick: longdocao (@yahoo.com.vn) 1/11

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