Ideal Gas Law

1. Avogadros Principle
How much volume will one mole of hydrogen,
oxygen, and helium occupy at STP?
Using the molar mass and gas density at STP :

H
2 :
H
2

O
2
: O
2

He : He

2x16.0g
1mole
cm
3
0.001429g
mL
cm
3
L
1000mL

22.4L
mole
2x1.00794g
1mole
cm
3
0.0000899g
mL
cm
3
L
1000mL

22.4L
mole
1x4.0g
1mole
cm
3
0.00017847g
mL
cm
3
L
1000mL

22.4L
mole
It appears that :
1 mole of a gas, at STP occupies 22.4 L
STP standard temperature and pressure
STP - 0C, 101.3 kPa (1 atm, 760 mmHg)
6.02 x 10
23
gas particles, at STP, 22.4 L
Avogadros Principle At equal temperature
and pressure, equal volumes of gases contain
equal number of molecules.

= constant V = volume, n = moles

n
V
Moles Volume Direct Relationship
Moles Volume
A relationship between the number of particles
and the volume
NOT a relationship between mass and volume!
H
2
1 mole 2.016 g 22.4 L 0C, 1 Atm
O
2
1 mole 32.0 g 22.4 L 0C, 1 Atm
He 1 mole 4.0 g 22.4 L 0C, 1 Atm
Different
Gases
Same Number
of particles
Different
Masses
Same
Volume
Same
Temperature
Pressure
Molar Volume the
volume of 1 mole of a gas,
at a specified temperature
and pressure.
Molar volume at STP, is
22.4 liters.
1 mole H
2
, at STP,
occupies 22.4 L
1 mole O
2
, at STP,
occupies 22.4 L
1 mole CO
2
, at STP,
occupies 22.4 L


2. Ideal Gas Law
Avogadros Principle : = constant

V = volume n = moles

Combined Gas Law :


Ideal Gas Law :

or PV = nRT Where R = Ideal Gas Constant
constant
T
PV
constant
T n
PV
n
V
PV = nRT
P = pressure, kilopascals, kPa
V = volume, Liters, L
n = number of moles
(convert grams to moles using Molar Mass)
T = temperature, kelvin, K

R = Ideal Gas Constant,

Convert all units to the above, and you will only
have to memorize one ideal gas constant!
K mole
L kPa
8.314
Calculate the ideal gas constant for STP, 1 mole
of gas, and 22.4 liters!
PV=nRT
(101.3 kPa)(22.4L) = (1mole)(R)(273K)

= R

R =


3K) (1mole)(27
(22.4L) (101.3kPa)
K mole
L kPa
8.314
3. Ideal and Real Gases
What volume does 3.5 moles of nitrogen gas
occupy at STP?
How many grams of hydrogen gas are in 9.0 L at
STP?
What volume will 125 g of carbon dioxide occupy
at STP?
What is the volume (in liters) of 2.00 g CS
2
vapor
at 276 mm Hg and 70C?
How many grams are in a sample of ammonia
gas at 786 mm Hg, 2.5 L, and 28C?
What pressure, in kPa, is exerted by 1.75 g of
hydrogen gas in a 4.08 liter container at 35C?
What is the volume of a gas that is 0.023 mole of
nitrogen gas at STP?

How many moles of air are in a 6.0 L tire at STP?
How many moles of oxygen are in a 5.5 L
canister at STP?
What mass of helium is in a 2.00 L balloon at
STP?
Calculate the number of moles of gas that occupy
a 3.45 L container at a pressure of 150 kPa and a
temperature of 45.6C.
What is the pressure in mmHg that a 0.44 g
sample of carbon dioxide gas will exert at a
temperature of 46.2C when it occupies a volume
of 5.00 L?
Calculate the mass of oxygen gas present in a
2.50 L sample kept at 1.66 atm pressure and a
temperature of 10.0C.
5. Density of a Gas
Density =
PV = nRT



so Density =
volume
mass
V
n
RT
P

volume
moles
V
n

Liters
grams
mole
grams
x
Liters
moles

Mass Molar x
RT
P
What is the density of ammonia gas if the
pressure is 700.0 mmHg and the temperature is
63.0C?
What is the density of sulfur dioxide at STP?
What is the density of carbon dioxide at 26.0C
and 1.15 atm?
6. Molar Mass of Gases
Molar mass =
Used to identify a gas.
PV=nRT
Solve for moles (n) from given pressure, volume,
and temperature.
Divide given grams by calculated moles (n).
mole
grams
What is the molar mass of a 1.25 g sample of gas
with a volume of 1.00 L, at 730.0 mmHg, and
27.0C?
What is the molar mass of 0.427 g of a gas that
occupies 125 mL at STP?
What is the molar mass of a sample of gas that
has a density of 0.285 g/L at 101 kPa and 29C?
What is the molar mass of a gas if 142 g of the
gas occupies a volume of 45.1 L at 28.4C and
94.6 kPa?
7. Gas Stoichiometry
2 H
2(g)
+ O
2(g)
2 H
2
O
(g)
2 molecules H
2
+ 1 molecule O
2
2 molecules H
2
O
2 moles H
2
+ 1 mole O
2
2 moles H
2
O
at STP
2(22.4 L) H
2
+ 1(22.4 L) O
2
2 (22.4 L) H
2
O
2 volumes H
2
+ 1 volume O
2
2 volumes H
2
O
At constant pressure and temperature, the
volumes of gaseous reactants and gaseous products
can be expressed as ratios of small whole numbers.
At constant pressure and temperature, the mole
ratio is equal to the volume ratio.
Calculating volumes of gases in chemical
reactions:
1. Write a balanced chemical equation.
2. If the temperature and pressure remains
constant during the chemical reaction, use
the volume ratio.
3. Remember at STP, 1 mole of any gas
occupies 22.4L.
If you are dealing with chemical reactions
where:
Mixture of solids, liquids, and gases
Change in temperature and/or pressure for
gases
You will have to use the Ideal Gas Law.
1. Write a balanced chemical equation.
2. Calculate moles of gas from PV=nRT
3. Use mole ratio.
4. Convert moles of product to volume using PV=nRT.

Reactant A
(gas)
+ B Product C + Product D
(solid)
gas = P, V, T
moles A
PV=nRT
mass, grams
MM D
A moles
D moles
moles D
Reactant A
(gas)
+ B Product C
(solid)
+ Product D
(gas)
gas = P, V, T
moles A
PV=nRT
gas, P, V, T
PV=nRT
A moles
D moles
moles D
If I have 27.0 L of hydrogen gas that reacts with
an excess amount of nitrogen gas, how many
liters of ammonia will be produced at the same
temperature and pressure?
How many liters of carbon monoxide, at 27.0C
and 25.0 kPa can be produced from burning
65.5 g of carbon?
What volume of oxygen can be collected at
100.0 kPa and 25C when 30.6 g KClO
3

decomposes?
What volume of bromine gas (at 0.00C, 98.0 kPa)
is produced when 95.0 L of chlorine (at 50.0C,
50.5 kPa) react with excess HBr?
Calculate the mass of hydrogen peroxide needed
to obtain 0.460 L of oxygen gas at STP.
Magnesium metal will burn in carbon dioxide to
produce elemental carbon and magnesium oxide.
What mass of magnesium will burn in a 255 mL
container of CO
2
at 77.0C and 65.0 kPa?