Herbicide Symptomology Demo -

Weed Workgroup Training

March 2014
B. Hanson, UC Davis
Setup 1 PPI Treatments
Notes for discussion
In a previous similar demonstration (Weed School, Fall 2013), we did not mix the soil.
Seeds were planted and herbicide applied to the surface and incorporated with water.
What results may have been different under those conditions? Why?
Consider the limitations of this demonstration.
How might the high organic matter affect this?
How might limited rooting depth affect these results?
What about the application rates and timing? Carryover?
Herbicide symptomology from several herbicide classes on a range of common annual crop species (cucumber, table beet, wheat, bean, radish, sunflower,
sweet corn, lettuce) will be compared and discussed. The flats with eight crop species were planted in greenhouse flats 18 days prior to the lab while the
radishes in the small plots were planted 12 days prior to the lab

In the first demonstration, symptoms from soil exposure to residual herbicides will be evaluated. Ten herbicides with residual soil activity were applied (at
a nominal 50% use rates) to the soil surface using a track sprayer. After the application, soil was removed from the flats, placed in a plastic bag, and
physically mixed to incorporate the herbicide. Soil was returned to the flats and seeds were planted in the treated soil and the soil was watered (Table 1).
Table 1. Soil herbicides applied (at 50% rates) for symptomology demonstration.
Nominal 1x Applied at:
herbicide Trade name Class MOA rate 50% rate
1 chlorsulfuron Telar sulfonylurea ALS inhibitor 0.075 lb ai 0.038 lb ai
2 clopyralid Transline picolinic acid auxin mimic 0.375 lb ae 0.188 lb ae
3 clomazone Command3ME isoxazolidinone isoprenoid synth.
inhib.
0.75 lb ai 0.375 lb ai
4 metolachlor Dual Magnum chloroacetamide lipid biosynth. inhib. 0.95 lb ai 0.475 lb ai
5 pendimethalin Prowl H2O dinitroanaline mitosis inhibitior 1.9 lb ai 0.95 lb ai
6 trifluralin Treflan dinitroanaline mitosis inhibitior 2 lb ai 1 lb ai
7 flumioxazin Chateau dicoboximide PROTOX inhibitor 0.191 lb ai 0.096 lb ai
8 oxyfluorfen GoalTender diphenylether PROTOX inhibitor 1 lb ai 0.5 lb ai
9 bromacil Hyvar uracil PSII inhibitor 3 lb ai 1.5 lb ai
10 simazine Princep S-triazine PSII inhibitor 4 lb ai 2 lb ai
PPI #1 - chlorsulfuron

PPI #2 - clopyralid

PPI #3 - clomazone

PPI #4 - metolachlor

PPI #5 - pendimethalin

PPI #6 - trifluralin

PPI #7 - flumioxazin

PPI #8 - oxyfluorfen

PPI #9 - bromacil

PPI #10 - simazine

Setup 2 POST Treatments
Notes for discussion
In a previous similar demonstration (Weed School, Fall 2013), we applied the herbicides at a 25% use rate.
What results may have been different under those conditions? Why?
How might this compare to real drift situations or other field exposure?
In the second demonstration, symptoms from foliar exposure to ten herbicides with foliar activity will be evaluated. These herbicides were applied at a
nominal 50% use rate either 7 days or 3 days prior to the lab (Table 2).
Table 2. Foliar herbicides applied at nominal 50% rates for symptomology demonstration.
herbicide Trade name Class MOA Nominal
1x rate
Applied at
50% rate
Applied 7 days ago
1 fluazifop Fusilade DX aryloxyphonxy
propionate
ACCase inhibitor 0.19 lb ai 0.095 lb ai
2 chlorsulfuron Telar sulfonylurea ALS inhibitor 0.075 lb ai 0.038 lb ai
3 imazethapyr Pursuit imidazolinone ALS inhibitor 0.063 lb ai 0.032 lb ai
4 glufosinate Rely 280 organophosporus glutamine synth. Inhib. 1 lb ae 0.5 lb ae
5 triclopyr Garlon 3A pyradine auxin mimic 0.75 lb ai 0.38 lb ai
6 glyphosate Roundup P-max organophosporus EPSP synth. Inhib. 1 lb ai 0.5 lb ai
7 propanil Stam 80 amide PSII inhibitor 4 lb ai 2 lb ai
Applied 3 days ago
8 carfentrazone Shark aryl triazinone PROTOX inhibitor 0.01 lb ai 0.005 lb ai
9 paraquat Gramoxone SL bipyridilium PSI inhibitor 0.75 lb ai 0.38 lb ai
10 2,4-D 2,4-D phenoxyacetic acid auxin mimic 1 lb ae 0.5 lb ae
POST #1 - fluazifop (7 DAT)

POST #2 - chlorsulfuron (7 DAT)

POST #3 - imazethapyr (7 DAT)

POST #4 - glufosinate (7 DAT)

POST #5 - triclopyr (7 DAT)

POST #6 - glyphosate (7 DAT)

POST #7 propanil (7 DAT)

POST #8 carfentrazone (3 DAT)

POST #9 paraquat (3 DAT)

POST #10 2,4-D (3 DAT)

Setup 3 Dose-Response
Notes for discussion
In a previous similar demonstration (Weed School, Fall 2013), we applied the herbicides at a 25% use rate.
What results may have been different under those conditions? Why?
How might this compare to real drift situations or other field exposure?
In the third demonstration, the sulfonylurea herbicide chlorsulfuron (Glean, Telar) was applied at a range of concentrations to radish as an example of
herbicide dose-response relationships (Table 3). One set of radish pots were treated at planting (12 day prior to the lab) and the second set was treated
after emergence (5 days prior to the lab).
Table 3. Chlorsulfuron dose-response demonstration on radish. Trts 1-9 applied at planting (12 d ago); trts 10-
18 applied after emergence (5 d ago).
Applied at Planting Applied 7 DAP
Trt Relative chlorsulfuron dose Trt Relative chlorsulfuron dose
1 untreated 10 untreated
2 1/128 x 11 1/128 x
3 1/64 x 12 1/64 x
4 1/32 x 13 1/32 x
5 1/16 x 14 1/16 x
6 1/8 x 15 1/8 x
7 1/4 x 16 1/4 x
8 1/2 x 17 1/2 x
9 1x (0.075 lb ai/A) 18 1x (0.075 lb ai/A)
Chlorsulfuron / radish dose response
Rates: 0x (left), 1/128x (second), stepwise increase to 1x (far right)
Back row was treated PPI, front row treated POST (7 days ago)
Bonus #1 - Dose-Response Demo
Glyphosate-Resistant and intermediate hairy
fleabane treated with 0x, 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x glyphosate
after a simulated mowing (no 0x susceptible)
Bonus #2 dose and exposure route
can affect visual symptoms
Chlorsulfuron PPI, POST, and diminishing doses PRE and POST
0.5x applied PPI
0.5x applied POST
1/128x up to 1x applied
PRE (back) or POST (front)