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TNH TON KT CU B TNG CT THP THEO TIU CHUN XY
DNG VIT NAM 356: 2005 KT CU B TNG V B TNG CT THP-
TIU CHUN THIT K, NHNG IU CN LU
CALCULATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES UNDER
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS VIETNAM 356:2005 CONCRETE
STRUCTURES AND REINFORCED CONCRETE - DESIGN STANDARDS,
THINGS TO NOTE.

TS. PHM TON C
Khoa Xy dng, Trng i Hc Hi Phng
Tm tt
Tiu chun TCXDVN 356:2005 "Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp - Tiu chun thit
k" c ban hnh thng 10 nm 2005 theo quyt nh s 34/2005/Q - BXD ca B Xy
dng. Tiu chun ny thay th cho tiu chun TCVN 5574 - 1991: "Kt cu b tng ct
thp - Tiu chun thit k". V c bn, nguyn tc thit k, cc nguyn l tnh ton ca
tiu chun ny khng khc nhiu so vi tiu chun c. Bi bo s trnh by mt s im
i mi c bn khi tnh ton thit k kt cu b tng ct thp theo tiu chun TCXDVN
356:2005 v mt s kin ngh vic p dng tiu chun ny c su v rng hn.
Abstract
Construction standards Vietnam 356:2005 Concrete structure and reinforced concrete -
design standards was issued October 2005 by Decision No 34/2005/Q BXD of
construction Ministry. This standards replace for standards TCVN 5574 1991:
Reinforced concrete structures - design standards. Basically, design principles,
principles calculations of this standards not significantly different from the old standards.
Article will present some innovative basically in the design calculations reinforced
concrete structures under construction standards Vietnam 356:2005 and some
recommendations for the application of this standard is deeper and wider.

1. t vn
Tiu chun TCXDVN 356:2005 "Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp - Tiu chun thit k"
do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng bin son c ban hnh thng 10 nm 2005 theo
quyt nh s 34/2005/Q - BXD ca B Xy dng. Tiu chun ny do TS. Nguyn V Thng
Gim c Vin chuyn ngnh Kt cu - Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng ch tr. Tiu chun
ny thay th cho tiu chun TCVN 5574 - 1991: "Kt cu btng ct thp - Tiu chun thit k".
Tiu chun TCXDVN 356: 2005 c bin son da trn tiu chun thit k kt cu b tng
ct thp mi nht ang hin hnh ca Nga ( 2.03.01-84*). Tiu chun cng c tham kho v
k tha mt s ni dung trong tiu chun hin hnh ca Vit nam cng nh cc tiu chun dn
xut c lin quan ca Nga v mt s nc khc.
V c bn, nguyn tc thit k, cc nguyn l tnh ton theo cc trng thi gii hn, cch
tnh ton thit k v cu to cc cu kin, trong TCXDVN 356: 2005 khng khc so vi TCVN
5574: 1991. Nhng i mi chnh gm: Phm vi s dng; cc quy nh lin quan n vt liu b
tng v thp; mt s ni dung lin quan n tnh ton kt cu; hnh thc b cc tiu chun.
Bi bo ny s trnh by mt s im i mi c bn khi tnh ton thit k kt cu b tng
ct thp theo tiu chun TCXDVN 356-2005.
2. Mt s lu l in quan n vt liu b tng v thp trong TCXDVN 356:2005.
2.1. V vt liu btng
Tiu chun TCXDVN 356: 2005 s dng khi nim cp bn thit k thay cho khi
nim mc. Cp bn chu nn (hoc ko) ca btng, k hiu bng ch B (hoc Bt), l con s
ly bng gi tr trung bnh ca cng chu nn (hoc ko), tnh bng n v MPa, vi xc sut
m bo 95%, xc nh trn mu khi vung tiu chun cnh 15cm c ch to, dng h v th
nghim trong iu kin tiu chun v th nghim nn (hoc ko) tui 28 ngy.

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V bn cht, cp bn c mi lin quan vi mc btng theo TCVN 5574: 1991. Do thc
t hin nay khi nim mc btng vn ang c s dng nhiu trong cc bn v k thut v
lm cn c tnh ton vt liu trong thanh quyt ton cng trnh nn tin s dng, trong tiu
chun TCXDVN 356: 2005 a ra bng tng quan gia cp bn chu nn v chu ko ca
btng vi mc btng.

Bng 1. Tng quan gia cp chu nn ca b tng v
mc b tng theo cng chu nn
Cp bn
chu nn
Cng rung
bnh ca mu
th chun, MPa
Mc theo cng
chu nn
Cp bn chu
nn
Cng trung
bnh ca mu
th chun, MPa
Mc theo
cng
chu nn,
B3,5 4,50 M50 B35 44,95 M450
B5 6,42 M75 B40 51,37 M500
B7,5 9,63 M100 B45 57,80 M600
B10 12,84 M150 B50 64,22 M700
B12,5 16,05 M150 B55 70,64 M700
B15 19,27 M200 B60 77,06 M800
B20 25,69 M250 B65 83,48 M900
B22,5 28,90 M300 B70 89,90 M900
B25 32,11 M350 B75 96,33 M1000
B27,5 35,32 M350 B80 102,75 M1000
B30 38,53 M400

Bng 2. Tng quan gia cp bn chu ko ca b tng v
mc b tng theo cng chu ko
Cp bn chu ko Cng trung bnh ca n mu th
chun, MPa
Mc theo cng chu ko
Bt 0,4 0,55 -
Bt 0,8 1,10 K10
Bt 1,2 1,65 K15
Bt 1,6 2,19 K20
Bt 2,0 2,74 K 25
Bt 2,4 3,29 K30
Bt 2,8 3,84 K35
Bt 3,2 4,39 K40
Bt 3,6 4,94 -
Bt 4,0 5,48 -

Do gi tr ca cp bn (trong TCXDVN 356: 2005) v gi tr ca cc mc (trong TCVN
5574: 1991) c quy nh ch nhng mc thang nht nh [1,2], nn trong bng 1 c th xy ra
trng hp hai cp bn gn nhau nhng quy i ra cng mt mc v ngc li, mt mc
nhng ty vo cng ca mu th m c cp bn khc nhau. iu ny cho thy quy i
t mc sang cp bn phi cn c vo cng trung bnh ca mu th v do vic s dng
mc btng trong d ton vn cn nhiu nn c hiu qu v kinh t th khi thit k, nn dng
cc cp cng B12,5, B27,5, B55, B80 thay v dng B10, B25, B50 v B75.
2.2. V cch s dng vt liu thp trong thit k.
Cc quy nh v cc h s trong cc cng thc tnh ton ca TCXDVN 356: 2005 c xy
dng trn c s cc loi thp sn xut theo GOST ca Nga, do vy cng ph hp vi thp sn
xut theo tiu chun TCVN 1651: 1985, TCVN 3101: 1979, TCVN 3100: 1979 ca Vit Nam. Khi
s dng cc loi thp sn xut theo cc tiu chun khc vi cc tiu chun nu trn th cn quy
i vn dng cho ph hp.
quy i cc loi thp khc v tng ng vi thp ca Nga v Vit nam, cn phi bit
r cc c trng v c hc ca thp (gii hn chy, gii hn bn v h s bin ng ca cc gii
hn , cng tiu chun v cng tnh ton; mun n hi, gin di cc hn, do,
kh nng hn c, s thay i tnh cht c hc khi tng gim nhit i vi kt cu chu nhit

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cao hoc thp, gii hn mi i vi kt cu chu ti trng lp...), thnh phn ho hc (nng
lng cacbon, hm lng cc kim loi khc...) v hnh dng, tit din (trn trn, vn, thanh, si,
hay cp...). Tuy nhin, khi so snh hay quy i cn chn cc thng s c trng quan trng nht
cho mc tiu thit k kt cu.
Trong tiu chun TCXDVN 356:2005, cng tiu chun ca ct thp Rsn l gi tr nh
nht c kim sot ca gii hn chy thc t hoc quy c (bng ng sut vi bin dng d l
0,2%) vi xc xut m bo khng nh hn 95%, cn cng chu ko tnh ton Rs ca ct thp
khi tnh ton theo cc trng thi gii hn th nht v th hai c xc nh theo cng thc:

s
sn
S
R
R

(1)
trong
s
l h s tin cy ca ct thp.
V vy, khi thit k kt cu BTCT, thng s quan trng nht ca ct thp l gii hn chy
thc t hoc gii hn chy quy c (i vi thp khng c thm chy r rt). Theo tiu ch ny,
ph lc B ca TCXDVN 356: 2005 a ra bng phn loi thp c trn th trng Vit nam. Ngi
s dng c th cn c vo cc quy nh trong tiu chun ca thp cn quy i v bng ny vn
dng cc h s tnh ton cho cc loi thp khng theo TCVN hoc (GOST ca Nga), theo ch dn
trong bng 3.
Bng 3. Cc loi thp thng thng
Nhm
quy
i

L
o

i

t
h

p

H

n
h

d

n
g

t
i

t

d
i

n

GH
chy
dng
quy
i
MPa
K hiu
thp
Nc sn xut
v tiu chun sn xut
Gii hn
chy
MPa
Gii hn
bn
Mpa
CI

A-I
Vit Nam (TCVN 1651:
1985)
Nga (GOST 5781-82*)
235 min. 380 min.
235
SR235 Nht (JIS G 3112 -1991) 235 min. 380 520
BS 4449
:1997 gr.250
Anh (BS 4449 : 1997) 250 min. 287,5min.
AS 1302
250R
250 min. 250
AS 1302
250S
c (AS 1302-1991)
250 min.
T
r

n

t
r

n

295 SR295
Nht (JIS G 3112 -1991)
295 min. 380 520
SD295A Nht (JIS G 3112 -1991) 295 min. 440 600
295
SD295B Nht (JIS G 3112 -1991) 295 390 440 600
300
CII

A-II
Vit Nam (TCVN 1651 :
1985)
Nga (GOST 5781-82*)
300 min. 500 min.
300 A615M gr. 300 Hoa k (ASTM A615M-96a) 300 min. 500 min.
335 RL335 Trung Quc (GB 1499-91) 335 460 510 min.
345 SD345 Nht (JIS G 3112 -1991) 345 440 490 min.
390 SD390 Nht (JIS G 3112 -1991) 390 510 560 min.
390
CIII

A-III
Vit Nam (TCVN 1651 :
1985)
Nga (GOST 5781-82*)
600 min. 600 min.
400
AS 1302
400Y
c (AS 1302-1991) 400 min.
420 A615M gr. 420 Hoa k (ASTM A615M-96a) 420 min. 620 min.
BS 4449 :
1997 gr.460A
483 min.
T
h
e
o

g
i

i

h

n

c
h

y

t
h

c

t

T
h

p

c
a
c
b
o
n

c

n

n

n
g

V

n

(
c

)

460
BS 4449
:1997 gr.460B
Anh (BS 4449 : 1997) 460 min.
497 min.

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490 SD490 Nht (JIS G 3112 -1991) 490 625 620 min.
520 A615M gr. 520 Hoa k (ASTM A615M-96a) 520 min. 690 min.
540 A-IIIB Nga (GOST 5781-82*) 540 min.
540 RL540 Trung Quc (GB 1499-91) 540 min. 835 min.
590 RL590 Trung Quc (GB 1499-91) 590 min. 885 min.
590
CIV

A-IV
Vit Nam (TCVN 1651:
1985)
Nga (GOST 5781-82*)
590 min. 900 min.

3. Nhng lu khi tnh ton kt cu btng ct thp.
V c bn khi tnh kt cu btng ct thp theo tiu chun TCXDVN 356:2005 khng khc
nhiu so vi TCVN 5574-1991 v ni dung. Di y nu ra mt vi i mi cn lu .
i vi bi ton cu kin chu nn, vic xc nh h s un dc ph thuc nhiu yu t,
trong c h s l h s ph thuc vo loi btng c cho trong bng 29 ca [1], iu ny
gip cho vic tnh ton cc cu kin b tng ct thp t cc loi b tng khc nhau y v
chnh xc hn, l ni dung i mi m trong [2] khng c.
Khi tnh ton tit din ch nht chu nn lch tm b c lm t b tng c cp bn
khng qu B30 v ct thp nhm A-III tr xung.
Theo [1] khi
R
h
x

0
; iu kin tnh ton:
) ' ( ) 5 , 0 (
'
a h A R x h bx R Ne
o sc sc o b

(2)
Trong , chiu cao vng chu nn c xc nh theo (3):
s s s sc b
A A R bx R N '
(3)
vi:
s
R
s
R
h x
) 1
1
/ 1
2 (
0

(4)
Cng thc (4) l mt im mi ca [1] so vi [2].
Ngoi ra, [1] cng a ra nhng b sung quan trng khi thit k b tng ng sut trc,
ni dung tnh ton cu kin b tng ct thp theo s khp li ca vt nt, cc yu cu tnh ton v
cu to kt cu b tng ct thp khi sa cha ln nh v cng trnh
4. Kt lun v kin ngh.
Tiu chun TCXDVN 356:2005 "Kt cu btng v btng ct thp - Tiu chun thit k" l
tiu chun c s dng thay th cho tiu chun TCVN 5574 1991 phn nh mt cch y
v ton din. Hin nay tiu chun ny c p dng tng i rng ri trong thit k cng
trnh cc cp, tuy nhin mc d c B xy dng ban hnh thay th tiu chun c t nm
2005 nhng vn cn nhng kh khn trong vic trin khai. Nhiu cng trnh vn thit k theo tiu
chun c do khi thc hin d ton cng trnh, trong nh mc, n gi xy dng c bn vn ch p
dng i vi Mc b tng m cha c i vi Cp bn. Vic quy i tng ng t cp
bn sang Mc b tng ch mang tnh cht gn ng, i khi cn thy r s khc bit. tiu chun
TCXDVN 356:2005 c p dng su v rng hn, thit ngh cc c quan ban ngnh lin quan
cn xy dng li b nh mc, n gi xy dng c bn, trong s dng cp bn b tng
thay th cho Mc b tng.


TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Tiu chun TCXDVN 356:2005 "Kt cu btng v btng ct thp - Tiu chun thit k"
[2] Tiu chun TCXDVN 5574:1991 "Kt cu btng ct thp - Tiu chun thit k"
[3] Phan Quang Minh, Ng Th Phong, Nguyn nh Cng. Kt cu b tng ct thp, phn cu
kin c bn. Nh xut bn Khoa hc K thut, H ni, nm 2008.

Ngi phn bin: TS. H Xun Chun